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| , "pipe" connects output of one command to another (see example 'grep' below)
~ , "tilde" stands for "home" directory
tab , "tab" autocompletion of paths and commands in the terminal. Extremely useful to check if the command is actually valid.
ctrl + c , not "copy", it actually kills a process in the terminal.If you want to copy use middle mouse or mousepad-specific features.
ctrl + Z , then bg puts a running process in the terminal into the background , same as starting a process with &. Example: relion &
Some useful commands in the Terminal:
listing the content of the current working directory: $ ls -lrt
changing directory: $ cd /path/to/dir
creating a directory: mkdir /path/to/dir
removing a directory: rm -r /path/to/dir
copying a directory or file: cp -r (-r only for folders) /path/to/file /destination/of/file
editing files: emacs <name-of-file> or nedit <name-of-file> or vim (advanced)
showing file contents in the terminal: more <name-of-file>
showing the size of folders/files in one specific folder: du –max-depth 1 -h
searching for a specific pattern in a file: more <name-of-file> | grep 'pattern'
~/.bashrc file
The ~/.bashrc file is similar to a "config" file that is executed every time that you open a new terminal.
Inside the ~/.bashrc file, paths, variables and user-specific settings can be edited (use any editor), after changing, the terminal needs to be closed and reopened in order to make changes available.
Examples that change the bashrc file: conda installations, cryosparc etc..