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changes to function printing; new trap -P option; posix mode changes for command builtin as a declaration utility; changes for compiling without multibyte code

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This commit is contained in:
Chet Ramey
2023-01-31 10:20:31 -05:00
parent d0bc56a325
commit de195f9483
18 changed files with 1197 additions and 932 deletions
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CWRU/CWRU.chlog
+54
View File
@@ -5129,3 +5129,57 @@ trap.c
subst.c
- do_assignment_internal: don't allocate new memory for NAME, just
modify and restore it in place
1/25
----
lib/readline/histfile.c
- history_write_slow: a fallback function that uses stdio to write the
history list to a supplied file descriptor
- history_do_write: call history_write_slow if ftrucate/mmap/malloc
fail; hope the simpler approach works
1/27
----
general.[ch]
- valid_function_name: new function, returns non-zero if the name
can be used as a function name without the `function' prefix
print_cmd.c
- named_function_string,print_function_def: use valid_function_name so
the rules about when to use the `function' reserved word are
consistent
builtins/trap.def
- new option -P, which prints only the action associated with each
signal spec argument
doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- trap: document new -P option, add note that trap -p or trap -P in a
subshell can print the parent's traps
1/28
----
parse.y
- shell_getc: make sure references to shell_input_line_property are
protected by #ifdef HANDLE_MULTIBYTE. From
https://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?10309
print_cmd.c
- named_function_string,print_function_def: don't copy the function
COMMAND * before printing it as text; unwind-protect any redirects
attached to the function body
parse.y
- PST_CMDBLTIN: new parser state, means the previous token word was
`command' in a command position
- read_token_word: in posix mode, "command" followed by a declaration
utility preserves the declaration utility status of the following
word, so we mark that state and then check a word for being an
assignment builtin if in that state on the next call. This makes
compound assignments to builtins that accept them (e.g., `declare')
work as if `command' were not present. This is a POSIX issue 8
requirement
- read_token: turn off PST_CMDBLTIN state as appropriate
subst.c
- use locale_mb_cur_max instead of MB_CUR_MAX consistently
builtins/printf.def
+52
View File
@@ -229,6 +229,11 @@ static floatmax_t getfloatmax (void);
static intmax_t asciicode (void);
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
static wchar_t *getwidestr (size_t *);
static wint_t getwidechar (void);
#endif
static WORD_LIST *garglist, *orig_arglist;
static int retval;
static int conversion_error;
@@ -1336,3 +1341,50 @@ asciicode (void)
garglist = garglist->next;
return (ch);
}
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
static wchar_t *
getwidestr (size_t *lenp)
{
wchar_t *ws;
const char *mbs;
size_t slen, mblength;
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
mbs = garglist->word->word;
slen = strlen (mbs);
ws = (wchar_t *)xmalloc ((slen + 1) * sizeof (wchar_t));
mblength = mbsrtowcs (ws, &mbs, slen, &state);
if (lenp)
*lenp = mblength;
if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength))
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < slen; i++)
ws[i] = (wchar_t)garglist->word->word[i];
ws[slen] = L'\0';
if (lenp)
*lenp = slen;
}
garglist = garglist->next;
return (ws);
}
static wint_t
getwidechar (void)
{
wchar_t wc;
size_t slen, mblength;
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
wc = 0;
mblength = mbrtowc (&wc, garglist->word->word, locale_mb_cur_max, &state);
if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength))
wc = (wchar_t)garglist->word->word[0];
garglist = garglist->next;
return (wc);
}
#endif
builtins/trap.def
+53 -12
View File
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
This file is trap.def, from which is created trap.c.
It implements the builtin "trap" in Bash.
Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1987-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ $PRODUCES trap.c
$BUILTIN trap
$FUNCTION trap_builtin
$SHORT_DOC trap [-lp] [[action] signal_spec ...]
$SHORT_DOC trap [-Plp] [[action] signal_spec ...]
Trap signals and other events.
Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ Options:
-p display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC in a
form that may be reused as shell input; or for all trapped
signals if no arguments are supplied
-P display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC. At least
one SIGNAL_SPEC must be supplied. -P and -p cannot be used
together.
Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal number.
Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A
@@ -101,16 +104,21 @@ static int display_traps (WORD_LIST *, int);
#define REVERT 1 /* Revert to this signals original value. */
#define IGNORE 2 /* Ignore this signal. */
/* Flags saying how to display the trap list. */
#define DISP_TRAPCMD 1
#define DISP_ALLSIGS 2
#define DISP_ACTIONONLY 4
int
trap_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
{
int list_signal_names, display, result, opt;
int list_signal_names, result, opt, dflags;
list_signal_names = display = 0;
list_signal_names = dflags = 0;
result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
reset_internal_getopt ();
while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "lp")) != -1)
while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "lpP")) != -1)
{
switch (opt)
{
@@ -118,7 +126,10 @@ trap_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
list_signal_names++;
break;
case 'p':
display++;
dflags |= DISP_TRAPCMD;
break;
case 'P':
dflags |= DISP_ACTIONONLY;
break;
CASE_HELPOPT;
default:
@@ -130,13 +141,26 @@ trap_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
opt = DSIG_NOCASE|DSIG_SIGPREFIX; /* flags for decode_signal */
if ((dflags & DISP_TRAPCMD) && (dflags & DISP_ACTIONONLY))
{
builtin_error ("cannot specify both -p and -P");
return EX_USAGE;
}
if ((dflags & DISP_ACTIONONLY) && list == 0)
{
builtin_error ("-P requires at least one signal name");
return EX_USAGE;
}
if (list_signal_names)
return (sh_chkwrite (display_signal_list ((WORD_LIST *)NULL, 1)));
else if (display || list == 0)
else if (dflags || list == 0)
{
initialize_terminating_signals ();
get_all_original_signals ();
return (sh_chkwrite (display_traps (list, display && posixly_correct)));
if (dflags & DISP_TRAPCMD)
dflags |= posixly_correct ? DISP_ALLSIGS : 0;
return (sh_chkwrite (display_traps (list, dflags)));
}
else
{
@@ -294,11 +318,18 @@ showtrap (int i, int show_default)
FREE (t);
}
static int
display_traps (WORD_LIST *list, int show_all)
{
int result, i;
/* Flags saying how to display the trap list. */
#define DISP_TRAPCMD 1
#define DISP_ALLSIGS 2
#define DISP_ACTIONONLY 4
static int
display_traps (WORD_LIST *list, int flags)
{
int result, i, show_all;
show_all = flags & DISP_ALLSIGS;
if (list == 0)
{
for (i = 0; i < BASH_NSIG; i++)
@@ -314,6 +345,16 @@ display_traps (WORD_LIST *list, int show_all)
sh_invalidsig (list->word->word);
result = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
}
else if (flags & DISP_ACTIONONLY)
{
char *t;
t = trap_list[i];
if (t == (char *)DEFAULT_SIG || signal_is_hard_ignored (i))
continue;
else if (t == (char *)IGNORE_SIG)
t = "";
printf ("%s\n", t);
}
else
showtrap (i, show_all);
}
doc/bash.0
+405 -398
View File
File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff
doc/bash.1
+16 -6
View File
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
.\" Last Change: Tue Dec 27 16:11:59 EST 2022
.\" Last Change: Fri Jan 27 15:18:01 EST 2023
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
.TH BASH 1 "2022 December 27" "GNU Bash 5.2"
.TH BASH 1 "2023 January 27" "GNU Bash 5.2"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ bash \- GNU Bourne-Again SHell
[options]
[command_string | file]
.SH COPYRIGHT
.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2022 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2022 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2023 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2023 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Bash
is an \fBsh\fR-compatible command language interpreter that
@@ -4953,8 +4953,8 @@ the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there
were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
.SH "COMMAND EXECUTION"
After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following
actions are taken.
simple command and an optional list of arguments, the shell performs
the following actions.
.PP
If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
@@ -10902,6 +10902,16 @@ or, if none are supplied, for all trapped signals,
as a set of \fBtrap\fP commands
that can be reused as shell input to
restore the current signal dispositions.
The
.B \-P
option behaves similarly, but displays only the actions
associated with each \fIsigspec\fP argument.
.B \-P
requires at least one \fIsigspec\fP argument.
The \fB\-P\fP or \fB\-p\fP options to \fBtrap\fP may be used
in a subshell environment (e.g., command substitution) and, as
long as they are used before \fBtrap\fP is used to change a signal's
handling, will display the state of its parent's traps.
.if t .sp 0.5
.if n .sp 1
The
doc/bashref.info
+152 -146
View File
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
Bash shell (version 5.2, 27 December 2022).
Bash shell (version 5.2, 27 January 2023).
This is Edition 5.2, last updated 27 December 2022, of 'The GNU Bash
This is Edition 5.2, last updated 27 January 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
Bash shell (version 5.2, 27 December 2022). The Bash home page is
Bash shell (version 5.2, 27 January 2023). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
This is Edition 5.2, last updated 27 December 2022, of 'The GNU Bash
This is Edition 5.2, last updated 27 January 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -2833,8 +2833,8 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Command Search and Execution, Next: Command Executio
----------------------------------
After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
taken.
command and an optional list of arguments, the shell performs the
following actions.
1. If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
@@ -3565,7 +3565,7 @@ standard.
children. The return status is zero.
'trap'
trap [-lp] [ACTION] [SIGSPEC ...]
trap [-Plp] [ACTION] [SIGSPEC ...]
The ACTION is a command that is read and executed when the shell
receives signal SIGSPEC. If ACTION is absent (and there is a
@@ -3581,7 +3581,13 @@ standard.
displays the trap commands associated with each SIGSPEC, or, if no
SIGSPECs are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of 'trap'
commands that can be reused as shell input to restore the current
signal dispositions.
signal dispositions. The '-P' option behaves similarly, but
displays only the actions associated with each SIGSPEC argument.
'-P' requires at least one SIGSPEC argument. The '-P' or '-p'
options to 'trap' may be used in a subshell environment (e.g.,
command substitution) and, as long as they are used before 'trap'
is used to change a signal's handling, will display the state of
its parent's traps.
The '-l' option causes 'trap' to print a list of signal names and
their corresponding numbers. Each SIGSPEC is either a signal name
@@ -4639,9 +4645,9 @@ parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables.
'-x'
Print a trace of simple commands, 'for' commands, 'case'
commands, 'select' commands, and arithmetic 'for' commands and
their arguments or associated word lists after they are
expanded and before they are executed. The value of the 'PS4'
variable is expanded and the resultant value is printed before
their arguments or associated word lists to standard error
after they are expanded and before they are executed. The
shell prints the expanded value of the 'PS4' variable before
the command and its expanded arguments.
'-B'
@@ -11899,10 +11905,10 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 641)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 647)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 422)
(line 428)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 753)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 440)
(line 446)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 76)
@@ -12566,138 +12572,138 @@ D.5 Concept Index

Tag Table:
Node: Top897
Node: Introduction2817
Node: What is Bash?3033
Node: What is a shell?4147
Node: Definitions6685
Node: Basic Shell Features9636
Node: Shell Syntax10855
Node: Shell Operation11881
Node: Quoting13174
Node: Escape Character14478
Node: Single Quotes14963
Node: Double Quotes15311
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16589
Node: Locale Translation17899
Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19210
Node: Comments23327
Node: Shell Commands23945
Node: Reserved Words24883
Node: Simple Commands25639
Node: Pipelines26293
Node: Lists29292
Node: Compound Commands31087
Node: Looping Constructs32099
Node: Conditional Constructs34594
Node: Command Grouping49082
Node: Coprocesses50560
Node: GNU Parallel53223
Node: Shell Functions54140
Node: Shell Parameters62025
Node: Positional Parameters66413
Node: Special Parameters67315
Node: Shell Expansions70529
Node: Brace Expansion72656
Node: Tilde Expansion75390
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion78011
Node: Command Substitution96413
Node: Arithmetic Expansion97768
Node: Process Substitution98736
Node: Word Splitting99856
Node: Filename Expansion101800
Node: Pattern Matching104549
Node: Quote Removal109551
Node: Redirections109846
Node: Executing Commands119506
Node: Simple Command Expansion120176
Node: Command Search and Execution122286
Node: Command Execution Environment124664
Node: Environment127699
Node: Exit Status129362
Node: Signals131146
Node: Shell Scripts134595
Node: Shell Builtin Commands137622
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins139660
Node: Bash Builtins161445
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior192836
Node: The Set Builtin193181
Node: The Shopt Builtin203782
Node: Special Builtins219694
Node: Shell Variables220673
Node: Bourne Shell Variables221110
Node: Bash Variables223214
Node: Bash Features256029
Node: Invoking Bash257042
Node: Bash Startup Files263055
Node: Interactive Shells268186
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?268597
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?269246
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior270061
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions273690
Node: Shell Arithmetic278332
Node: Aliases281276
Node: Arrays283889
Node: The Directory Stack290280
Node: Directory Stack Builtins291064
Node: Controlling the Prompt295324
Node: The Restricted Shell298289
Node: Bash POSIX Mode300899
Node: Shell Compatibility Mode313461
Node: Job Control322028
Node: Job Control Basics322488
Node: Job Control Builtins327490
Node: Job Control Variables333285
Node: Command Line Editing334441
Node: Introduction and Notation336112
Node: Readline Interaction337735
Node: Readline Bare Essentials338926
Node: Readline Movement Commands340715
Node: Readline Killing Commands341675
Node: Readline Arguments343596
Node: Searching344640
Node: Readline Init File346826
Node: Readline Init File Syntax348087
Node: Conditional Init Constructs371673
Node: Sample Init File375869
Node: Bindable Readline Commands378993
Node: Commands For Moving380197
Node: Commands For History382248
Node: Commands For Text387242
Node: Commands For Killing390891
Node: Numeric Arguments393924
Node: Commands For Completion395063
Node: Keyboard Macros399254
Node: Miscellaneous Commands399942
Node: Readline vi Mode405887
Node: Programmable Completion406794
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins414574
Node: A Programmable Completion Example425326
Node: Using History Interactively430574
Node: Bash History Facilities431258
Node: Bash History Builtins434263
Node: History Interaction439287
Node: Event Designators442907
Node: Word Designators444261
Node: Modifiers446021
Node: Installing Bash447829
Node: Basic Installation448966
Node: Compilers and Options452688
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures453429
Node: Installation Names455121
Node: Specifying the System Type457230
Node: Sharing Defaults457947
Node: Operation Controls458620
Node: Optional Features459578
Node: Reporting Bugs470797
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell472141
Node: GNU Free Documentation License488990
Node: Indexes514167
Node: Builtin Index514621
Node: Reserved Word Index521448
Node: Variable Index523896
Node: Function Index540670
Node: Concept Index554454
Node: Top895
Node: Introduction2813
Node: What is Bash?3029
Node: What is a shell?4143
Node: Definitions6681
Node: Basic Shell Features9632
Node: Shell Syntax10851
Node: Shell Operation11877
Node: Quoting13170
Node: Escape Character14474
Node: Single Quotes14959
Node: Double Quotes15307
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16585
Node: Locale Translation17895
Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19206
Node: Comments23323
Node: Shell Commands23941
Node: Reserved Words24879
Node: Simple Commands25635
Node: Pipelines26289
Node: Lists29288
Node: Compound Commands31083
Node: Looping Constructs32095
Node: Conditional Constructs34590
Node: Command Grouping49078
Node: Coprocesses50556
Node: GNU Parallel53219
Node: Shell Functions54136
Node: Shell Parameters62021
Node: Positional Parameters66409
Node: Special Parameters67311
Node: Shell Expansions70525
Node: Brace Expansion72652
Node: Tilde Expansion75386
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion78007
Node: Command Substitution96409
Node: Arithmetic Expansion97764
Node: Process Substitution98732
Node: Word Splitting99852
Node: Filename Expansion101796
Node: Pattern Matching104545
Node: Quote Removal109547
Node: Redirections109842
Node: Executing Commands119502
Node: Simple Command Expansion120172
Node: Command Search and Execution122282
Node: Command Execution Environment124669
Node: Environment127704
Node: Exit Status129367
Node: Signals131151
Node: Shell Scripts134600
Node: Shell Builtin Commands137627
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins139665
Node: Bash Builtins161863
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior193254
Node: The Set Builtin193599
Node: The Shopt Builtin204197
Node: Special Builtins220109
Node: Shell Variables221088
Node: Bourne Shell Variables221525
Node: Bash Variables223629
Node: Bash Features256444
Node: Invoking Bash257457
Node: Bash Startup Files263470
Node: Interactive Shells268601
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?269012
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?269661
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior270476
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions274105
Node: Shell Arithmetic278747
Node: Aliases281691
Node: Arrays284304
Node: The Directory Stack290695
Node: Directory Stack Builtins291479
Node: Controlling the Prompt295739
Node: The Restricted Shell298704
Node: Bash POSIX Mode301314
Node: Shell Compatibility Mode313876
Node: Job Control322443
Node: Job Control Basics322903
Node: Job Control Builtins327905
Node: Job Control Variables333700
Node: Command Line Editing334856
Node: Introduction and Notation336527
Node: Readline Interaction338150
Node: Readline Bare Essentials339341
Node: Readline Movement Commands341130
Node: Readline Killing Commands342090
Node: Readline Arguments344011
Node: Searching345055
Node: Readline Init File347241
Node: Readline Init File Syntax348502
Node: Conditional Init Constructs372088
Node: Sample Init File376284
Node: Bindable Readline Commands379408
Node: Commands For Moving380612
Node: Commands For History382663
Node: Commands For Text387657
Node: Commands For Killing391306
Node: Numeric Arguments394339
Node: Commands For Completion395478
Node: Keyboard Macros399669
Node: Miscellaneous Commands400357
Node: Readline vi Mode406302
Node: Programmable Completion407209
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins414989
Node: A Programmable Completion Example425741
Node: Using History Interactively430989
Node: Bash History Facilities431673
Node: Bash History Builtins434678
Node: History Interaction439702
Node: Event Designators443322
Node: Word Designators444676
Node: Modifiers446436
Node: Installing Bash448244
Node: Basic Installation449381
Node: Compilers and Options453103
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures453844
Node: Installation Names455536
Node: Specifying the System Type457645
Node: Sharing Defaults458362
Node: Operation Controls459035
Node: Optional Features459993
Node: Reporting Bugs471212
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell472556
Node: GNU Free Documentation License489405
Node: Indexes514582
Node: Builtin Index515036
Node: Reserved Word Index521863
Node: Variable Index524311
Node: Function Index541085
Node: Concept Index554869

End Tag Table
doc/bashref.texi
+11 -4
View File
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.
Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@@ -3330,8 +3330,8 @@ were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
@cindex command search
After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following
actions are taken.
simple command and an optional list of arguments, the shell performs
the following actions.
@enumerate
@item
@@ -4224,7 +4224,7 @@ The return status is zero.
@item trap
@btindex trap
@example
trap [-lp] [@var{action}] [@var{sigspec} @dots{}]
trap [-Plp] [@var{action}] [@var{sigspec} @dots{}]
@end example
The @var{action} is a command that is read and executed when the
@@ -4244,6 +4244,13 @@ If @var{action} is not present and @option{-p} has been supplied,
or, if no @var{sigspec}s are supplied, for all trapped signals,
as a set of @code{trap} commands that can be reused as shell input to
restore the current signal dispositions.
The @option{-P} option behaves similarly, but displays only the actions
associated with each @var{sigspec} argument.
@option{-P} requires at least one @var{sigspec} argument.
The @option{-P} or @option{-p} options to @code{trap} may be
used in a subshell environment (e.g., command substitution) and,
as long as they are used before @code{trap} is used to change a
signal's handling, will display the state of its parent's traps.
The @option{-l} option causes @code{trap} to print a list of signal names
and their corresponding numbers.
doc/builtins.0
+331 -316
View File
@@ -932,23 +932,24 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In
addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff
interprets the following extensions:
addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(3) format characters ccssnnddiioouuxxXXee--
EEffFFggGGaaAA, pprriinnttff interprets the following additional format spec-
ifiers:
%%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee.
%%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a
%%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
%%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_-
%%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_-
_m_e_n_t before quoting it.
%%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT
causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting
from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3).
causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting
from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3).
The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the
number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
-2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
-2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been
given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behav-
given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behav-
ior.
The %b, %q, and %T directives all use the field width and preci-
@@ -956,6 +957,9 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded argument,
which usually contains more characters than the original.
The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is
treated as a shell variable name.
Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
@@ -965,95 +969,96 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
_m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied,
the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
plied or a write or assignment error occurs.
ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n]
ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r]
Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele-
ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele-
ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
--nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
--nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting
from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting
from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
zero) is at the top.
--_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting
from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
--_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting
from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top
After the stack has been modified, if the --nn option was not sup-
plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at
plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the ccdd fails, ppuusshhdd returns a non-zero
value.
Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless
the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
stack, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless
the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
stack, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
non-existent directory stack element is specified.
If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the
If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
ppwwdd [--LLPP]
Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option
is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command
is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may
contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may
contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp
_p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...]
One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
scriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split into
words as described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the
words as described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the
first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the
second _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input
stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into
words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input
stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into
words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
scribed in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash charac-
ter (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next
ter (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next
character read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
--aa _a_n_a_m_e
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _a_n_a_m_e, starting at 0. _a_n_a_m_e is unset before any
new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig-
new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig-
nored.
--dd _d_e_l_i_m
The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the in-
put line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty
string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
put line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty
string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
--ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee
(see RREEAADDLLIINNEE in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) is used to obtain the line.
Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing
was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
(see RREEAADDLLIINNEE in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) is used to obtain the line.
Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing
was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
readline's default filename completion.
--ii _t_e_x_t
If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is
If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s
rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than
rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the
iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the
delimiter.
--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s
rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac-
ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
are read. The result is not split on the characters in
IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac-
ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
are read. The result is not split on the characters in
IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the --rr option below).
--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t
@@ -1061,133 +1066,133 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
--rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
--ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t
Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete
line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci-
mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is
reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete
line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci-
mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is
reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into
the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd re-
turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd re-
turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
timeout is exceeded.
--uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d.
If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
tered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater than
128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
tered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater than
128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied
as the argument to --uu.
rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...]
The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s
may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option
is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so
marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
rays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s
may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option
is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so
marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
rays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
rays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If no
_n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a
_n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format
that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
=_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format
that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
=_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with
a _n_a_m_e that is not a function.
rreettuurrnn [_n]
Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is
that of the last command executed in the function body. If rree--
Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is
that of the last command executed in the function body. If rree--
ttuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de-
termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the last
command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
cuted by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If rreettuurrnn
is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
that script and return either _n or the exit status of the last
command executed within the script as the exit status of the
termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the last
command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
cuted by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If rreettuurrnn
is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
that script and return either _n or the exit status of the last
command executed within the script as the exit status of the
script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least signif-
icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is sup-
plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any command
icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is sup-
plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any command
associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution re-
sumes after the function or script.
sseett [--aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [----] [--] [_a_r_g ...]
sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [----] [--] [_a_r_g ...]
Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. The
output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. The
output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $$11,
$$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
$$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
--aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is
given the export attribute and marked for export to the
given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
--bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
--bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
--ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a
single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
(see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)), exits with a non-zero
status. The shell does not exit if the command that
fails is part of the command list immediately following
--ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a
single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
(see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)), exits with a non-zero
status. The shell does not exit if the command that
fails is part of the command list immediately following
a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the
iiff or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed
in a &&&& or |||| list except the command following the fi-
iiff or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed
in a &&&& or |||| list except the command following the fi-
nal &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or
if the command's return value is being inverted with !!.
If a compound command other than a subshell returns a
non-zero status because a command failed while --ee was
being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR,
if the command's return value is being inverted with !!.
If a compound command other than a subshell returns a
non-zero status because a command failed while --ee was
being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT in
_b_a_s_h_(_1_)), and may cause subshells to exit before execut-
ing all the commands in the subshell.
If a compound command or shell function executes in a
context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands
executed within the compound command or function body
will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set
and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a
context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have
any effect until the compound command or the command
If a compound command or shell function executes in a
context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands
executed within the compound command or function body
will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set
and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a
context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have
any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
--ff Disable pathname expansion.
--hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
--hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
--kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
placed in the environment for a command, not just those
--kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
--mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
on by default for interactive shells on systems that
support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). All processes
run in a separate process group. When a background job
completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit
--mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
on by default for interactive shells on systems that
support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). All processes
run in a separate process group. When a background job
completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit
status.
--nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e
The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following:
@@ -1195,10 +1200,10 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Same as --aa.
bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd
Same as --BB.
eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the
the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee.
eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee.
eerrrrttrraaccee
@@ -1208,12 +1213,12 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
hhaasshhaallll Same as --hh.
hhiisstteexxppaanndd
Same as --HH.
hhiissttoorryy Enable command history, as described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)
under HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in
hhiissttoorryy Enable command history, as described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)
under HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in
interactive shells.
iiggnnoorreeeeooff
The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarrii--
The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarrii--
aabblleess in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)).
kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk.
mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm.
@@ -1228,55 +1233,56 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
pphhyyssiiccaall
Same as --PP.
ppiippeeffaaiill
If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default
operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO
in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) for a reference to a document that
ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default
operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO
in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) for a reference to a document that
details how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
pprriivviilleeggeedd
Same as --pp.
vveerrbboossee Same as --vv.
vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
rreeaadd --ee.
xxttrraaccee Same as --xx.
If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the
current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no
_o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the
current option settings is displayed on the standard
current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no
_o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the
current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
--pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and
$$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are
not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS,
BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they ap-
pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup-
--pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and
$$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are
not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS,
BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they ap-
pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup-
plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
Turning this option off causes the effective user and
is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup-
plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
--rr Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
set once it has been set.
--tt Exit after reading and executing one command.
--uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
--vv Print shell input lines as they are read.
--xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee
--xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee
command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis-
play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
standard error.
--BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn
in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). This is on by default.
--CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with
@@ -1773,7 +1779,13 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
displays the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or, if none
are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of ttrraapp commands
that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
dispositions.
dispositions. The --PP option behaves similarly, but displays
only the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. --PP re-
quires at least one _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. The --PP or --pp options to
ttrraapp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub-
stitution) and, as long as they are used before ttrraapp is used to
change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par-
ent's traps.
The --ll option causes ttrraapp to print a list of signal names and
their corresponding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal
@@ -1816,50 +1828,53 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a
string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or
_f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found,
then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
turned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name
of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were specified
as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
turn _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is
hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is
used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable
named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
the --pp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell
function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is
not found, then nothing is printed, and ttyyppee returns a non-zero
exit status. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the
name of the executable file that would be found by searching
$$PPAATTHH if _n_a_m_e were specified as a command name, or nothing if
``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a
PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not
return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed
value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in
PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee prints all of the places
that contain a command named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases, re-
served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op-
tions (--pp and --PP) can be supplied to restrict the output to exe-
cutable files. ttyyppee does not consult the table of hashed com-
mands when using --aa with --pp, and only performs a PPAATTHH search for
_n_a_m_e. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with
the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments
are found, false if any are not found.
uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] --aa
uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] [--bbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPRRTT [_l_i_m_i_t]]
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the
current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
spectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft
current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
spectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft
limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given.
When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
tions are interpreted as follows:
--aa All current limits are reported; no limits are set
--bb The maximum socket buffer size
--cc The maximum size of core files created
--dd The maximum size of a process's data segment
--ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
--ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
--ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
--ii The maximum number of pending signals
--kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
--ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory
--mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
--mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
--nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
@@ -1868,134 +1883,134 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
--rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority
--ss The maximum stack size
--tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
--uu The maximum number of processes available to a single
--uu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
--vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
--vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
--xx The maximum number of file locks
--PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
--RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
--RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds
--TT The maximum number of threads
If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the
new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp,
which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and
--uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and
--ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the
new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp,
which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and
--uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and
--ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e]
The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with
a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
_c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is
printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp
a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
_c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is
printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp
option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied,
was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...]
Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is
supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is
supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias.
uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...]
For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function.
For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable,
and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func-
tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option
is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute,
_n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn
has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are
supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
passed to subsequent commands. If any of BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS,
and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func-
tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option
is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute,
_n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn
has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are
supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
passed to subsequent commands. If any of BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS,
BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00, BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS, BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD, BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL, BBAASSHHPPIIDD,
CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE, EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCC--
NNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are
CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE, EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCC--
NNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read-
only or may not be unset.
wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [--pp _v_a_r_n_a_m_e] [_i_d _._._.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if
a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running
background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if
a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running
background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $$!!, and the return status is zero.
If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job from
If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job from
the list of _i_ds or, if no _i_ds are supplied, any job, to complete
and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the
shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
the --pp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The variable
will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
only when the --nn option is supplied. Supplying the --ff option,
when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter-
shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
the --pp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The variable
will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
only when the --nn option is supplied. Supplying the --ff option,
when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter-
minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it
changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job,
the return status is 127. If wwaaiitt is interrupted by a signal,
the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
SSIIGGNNAALLSS in _b_a_s_h_(_1_). Otherwise, the return status is the exit
changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job,
the return status is 127. If wwaaiitt is interrupted by a signal,
the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
SSIIGGNNAALLSS in _b_a_s_h_(_1_). Otherwise, the return status is the exit
status of the last process or job waited for.
SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE
Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci-
fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322,
ccoommppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci-
fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322,
ccoommppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
temporary solution.
This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the
regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the
regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions).
If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other
compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been
present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other
compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been
present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling ccoommppaatt3322 will enable
ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as-
Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com-
ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of BBAASSHH__CCOOMM--
Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of BBAASSHH__CCOOMM--
PPAATT.
Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
shopt option for the previous version. Users should use BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT on
Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
shopt option for the previous version. Users should use BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT on
bash-5.0 and later versions.
The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The ccoommppaatt_N_N tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _N_N using one of the following mecha-
nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re-
nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
ccoommppaatt3311
@@ -2003,85 +2018,85 @@ SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE
ator (=~) has no special effect
ccoommppaatt3322
+o interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
the execution of the next command in the list (in
bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
+o interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
the execution of the next command in the list (in
bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
list aborts the execution of the entire list)
ccoommppaatt4400
+o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider
+o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3).
ccoommppaatt4411
+o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still
+o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267)
+o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, the parser requires that an even number of
single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-
quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
that characters within the single quotes are considered
single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-
quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221)
ccoommppaatt4422
+o the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2
+o in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter
expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+o in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter
expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions
ccoommppaatt4433
+o the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
+o the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
versions warn that this usage is deprecated
+o word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+o word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit)
+o when executing a shell function, the loop state
+o when executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this
ccoommppaatt4444
+o the shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and
BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+o the shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and
BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional
parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled
+o a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit.
Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+o a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit.
Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
+o variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and
+o variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and
rreeaaddoonnllyy that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode
ccoommppaatt5500
+o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro-
+o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro-
duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility
level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will
level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0
+o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op-
+o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op-
tion is supplied.
ccoommppaatt5511
+o The uunnsseett builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
scripts @@ and ** differently depending on whether the ar-
ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+o The uunnsseett builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
scripts @@ and ** differently depending on whether the ar-
ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
previous versions.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
@@ -2089,4 +2104,4 @@ SSEEEE AALLSSOO
GNU Bash 5.2 2021 November 22 BASH_BUILTINS(1)
GNU Bash 5.2 2023 January 27 BASH_BUILTINS(1)
doc/builtins.1
+1 -1
View File
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
.de FN
\fI\|\\$1\|\fP
..
.TH BASH_BUILTINS 1 "2021 November 22" "GNU Bash 5.2"
.TH BASH_BUILTINS 1 "2023 January 27" "GNU Bash 5.2"
.SH NAME
:, ., [, alias, bg, bind, break, builtin, caller,
cd, command, compgen, complete, compopt,
doc/version.texi
+4 -4
View File
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
@ignore
Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
@set LASTCHANGE Tue Dec 27 16:12:26 EST 2022
@set LASTCHANGE Fri Jan 27 15:17:14 EST 2023
@set EDITION 5.2
@set VERSION 5.2
@set UPDATED 27 December 2022
@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2022
@set UPDATED 27 January 2023
@set UPDATED-MONTH January 2023
general.c
+15
View File
@@ -403,6 +403,21 @@ legal_alias_name (const char *string, int flags)
return 1;
}
/* Return 1 if this is a valid identifer that can be used to declare a function
without the `function' reserved word. FLAGS is currently unused; a
placeholder for the future. */
int
valid_function_name (const char *name, int flags)
{
if (find_reserved_word (name) >= 0)
return 0;
if (posixly_correct && (all_digits (name) || legal_identifier (name) == 0))
return 0;
if (assignment (name, 0)) /* difference between WORD and ASSIGNMENT_WORD */
return 0;
return 1;
}
/* Returns non-zero if STRING is an assignment statement. The returned value
is the index of the `=' sign. If FLAGS&1 we are expecting a compound assignment
and require an array subscript before the `=' to denote an assignment
general.h
+1
View File
@@ -321,6 +321,7 @@ extern int check_identifier (WORD_DESC *, int);
extern int valid_nameref_value (const char *, int);
extern int check_selfref (const char *, char *, int);
extern int legal_alias_name (const char *, int);
extern int valid_function_name (const char *, int);
extern int line_isblank (const char *);
extern int assignment (const char *, int);
lib/readline/histfile.c
+39 -2
View File
@@ -630,10 +630,10 @@ history_truncate_file (const char *fname, int lines)
if (write (file, bp, chars_read - (bp - buffer)) < 0)
rv = errno;
if (fstat (file, &nfinfo) < 0 && rv == 0)
if (rv == 0 && fstat (file, &nfinfo) < 0)
rv = errno;
if (close (file) < 0 && rv == 0)
if (rv == 0 && close (file) < 0)
rv = errno;
}
else
@@ -670,6 +670,38 @@ history_truncate_file (const char *fname, int lines)
return rv;
}
/* Use stdio to write the history file after mmap or malloc fails, on the
assumption that the stdio library can allocate the smaller buffers it uses. */
static int
history_write_slow (int fd, HIST_ENTRY **the_history, int nelements, int overwrite)
{
FILE *fp;
int i, j, e;
fp = fdopen (fd, overwrite ? "w" : "a");
if (fp == 0)
return -1;
for (j = 0, i = history_length - nelements; i < history_length; i++)
{
if (history_write_timestamps && the_history[i]->timestamp && the_history[i]->timestamp[0])
fprintf (fp, "%s\n", the_history[i]->timestamp);
if (fprintf (fp, "%s\n", the_history[i]->line) < 0)
goto slow_write_error;
}
if (fflush (fp) < 0)
{
slow_write_error:
e = errno;
fclose (fp);
errno = e;
return -1;
}
if (fclose (fp) < 0)
return -1;
return 0;
}
/* Workhorse function for writing history. Writes the last NELEMENT entries
from the history list to FILENAME. OVERWRITE is non-zero if you
wish to replace FILENAME with the entries. */
@@ -738,6 +770,8 @@ history_do_write (const char *filename, int nelements, int overwrite)
if ((void *)buffer == MAP_FAILED)
{
mmap_error:
if ((rv = history_write_slow (file, the_history, nelements, overwrite)) == 0)
goto write_success;
rv = errno;
close (file);
if (tempname)
@@ -750,6 +784,8 @@ mmap_error:
buffer = (char *)malloc (buffer_size);
if (buffer == 0)
{
if ((rv = history_write_slow (file, the_history, nelements, overwrite)) == 0)
goto write_success;
rv = errno;
close (file);
if (tempname)
@@ -788,6 +824,7 @@ mmap_error:
if (close (file) < 0 && rv == 0)
rv = errno;
write_success:
if (rv == 0 && histname && tempname)
rv = histfile_restore (tempname, histname);
parse.y
+30 -2
View File
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ typedef void *alias_t;
# define MBTEST(x) ((x))
#endif
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
#define EXTEND_SHELL_INPUT_LINE_PROPERTY() \
do { \
if (shell_input_line_len + 2 > shell_input_line_propsize) \
@@ -128,6 +129,9 @@ do { \
shell_input_line_propsize); \
} \
} while (0)
#else
#define EXTEND_SHELL_INPUT_LINE_PROPERTY()
#endif
#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
extern int extended_glob, extglob_flag;
@@ -2631,6 +2635,7 @@ next_alias_char:
parser_state |= PST_ENDALIAS;
/* We need to do this to make sure last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte returns
true, since we are returning a single-byte space. */
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
if (shell_input_line_index == shell_input_line_len && last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte == 0)
{
#if 0
@@ -2644,6 +2649,7 @@ next_alias_char:
shell_input_line_property[shell_input_line_index - 1] = 1;
#endif
}
#endif
return ' '; /* END_ALIAS */
}
#endif
@@ -3390,6 +3396,7 @@ read_token (int command)
#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
if ((parser_state & (PST_CONDCMD|PST_CONDEXPR)) == PST_CONDCMD)
{
parser_state &= ~PST_CMDBLTIN;
cond_lineno = line_number;
parser_state |= PST_CONDEXPR;
yylval.command = parse_cond_command ();
@@ -3451,6 +3458,7 @@ read_token (int command)
#endif /* ALIAS */
parser_state &= ~PST_ASSIGNOK;
parser_state &= ~PST_CMDBLTIN;
return (character);
}
@@ -3468,6 +3476,7 @@ read_token (int command)
#endif /* ALIAS */
parser_state &= ~PST_ASSIGNOK;
parser_state &= ~PST_CMDBLTIN;
/* If we are parsing a command substitution and we have read a character
that marks the end of it, don't bother to skip over quoted newlines
@@ -3588,7 +3597,10 @@ read_token (int command)
/* Hack <&- (close stdin) case. Also <&N- (dup and close). */
if MBTEST(character == '-' && (last_read_token == LESS_AND || last_read_token == GREATER_AND))
return (character);
{
parser_state &= ~PST_CMDBLTIN;
return (character);
}
tokword:
/* Okay, if we got this far, we have to read a word. Read one,
@@ -4192,6 +4204,11 @@ dump_pflags (int flags)
f &= ~PST_STRING;
fprintf (stderr, "PST_STRING%s", f ? "|" : "");
}
if (f & PST_CMDBLTIN)
{
f &= ~PST_CMDBLTIN;
fprintf (stderr, "PST_CMDBLTIN%s", f ? "|" : "");
}
fprintf (stderr, "\n");
fflush (stderr);
@@ -5408,7 +5425,7 @@ got_token:
}
}
if (command_token_position (last_read_token))
if (command_token_position (last_read_token) || (parser_state & PST_CMDBLTIN))
{
struct builtin *b;
b = builtin_address_internal (token, 0);
@@ -5416,7 +5433,18 @@ got_token:
parser_state |= PST_ASSIGNOK;
else if (STREQ (token, "eval") || STREQ (token, "let"))
parser_state |= PST_ASSIGNOK;
/* If we don't want to allow multiple instances of `command' to act as
declaration utilities as long as the last one is followed by a
declaration utility, add back a check for command_token_position.
subst.c:fix_assignment_words allows multiple instances of "command"
but I don't think that POSIX requires this. */
else if (posixly_correct && STREQ (token, "command"))
parser_state |= PST_CMDBLTIN;
else
parser_state &= ~PST_CMDBLTIN;
}
else
parser_state &= ~PST_CMDBLTIN;
yylval.word = the_word;
parser.h
+1
View File
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
#define PST_NOEXPAND 0x400000 /* don't expand anything in read_token_word; for command substitution */
#define PST_NOERROR 0x800000 /* don't print error messages in yyerror */
#define PST_STRING 0x1000000 /* parsing a string to a command or word list */
#define PST_CMDBLTIN 0x2000000 /* last token was the `command' builtin */
/* Definition of the delimiter stack. Needed by parse.y and bashhist.c. */
struct dstack {
print_cmd.c
+14 -19
View File
@@ -1261,9 +1261,12 @@ print_function_def (FUNCTION_DEF *func)
REDIRECT *func_redirects;
func_redirects = NULL;
/* When in posix mode, print functions as posix specifies them. */
/* When in posix mode, print functions as posix specifies them, but prefix
`function' to words that are not valid POSIX identifiers. */
if (posixly_correct == 0)
cprintf ("function %s () \n", func->name->word);
else if (valid_function_name (func->name->word, 0) == 0)
cprintf ("function %s () \n", func->name->word);
else
cprintf ("%s () \n", func->name->word);
add_unwind_protect (reset_locals, 0);
@@ -1274,7 +1277,8 @@ print_function_def (FUNCTION_DEF *func)
inside_function_def++;
indentation += indentation_amount;
cmdcopy = copy_command (func->command);
cmdcopy = func->command;
unwind_protect_pointer (cmdcopy);
if (cmdcopy->type == cm_group)
{
func_redirects = cmdcopy->redirects;
@@ -1285,7 +1289,6 @@ print_function_def (FUNCTION_DEF *func)
: cmdcopy);
PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
remove_unwind_protect ();
indentation -= indentation_amount;
inside_function_def--;
@@ -1302,7 +1305,8 @@ print_function_def (FUNCTION_DEF *func)
was_heredoc = 0; /* not printing any here-documents now */
}
dispose_command (cmdcopy);
remove_unwind_protect (); /* unwind_protect_pointer */
remove_unwind_protect (); /* reset_locals */
}
/* Return the string representation of the named function.
@@ -1327,7 +1331,7 @@ named_function_string (char *name, COMMAND *command, int flags)
if (name && *name)
{
if (find_reserved_word (name) >= 0) /* check valid identifier too? */
if (valid_function_name (name, 0) == 0)
cprintf ("function ");
cprintf ("%s ", name);
}
@@ -1349,7 +1353,9 @@ named_function_string (char *name, COMMAND *command, int flags)
cprintf ((flags & FUNC_MULTILINE) ? "{ \n" : "{ "); /* }} */
cmdcopy = copy_command (command);
cmdcopy = command;
unwind_protect_pointer (cmdcopy);
/* Take any redirections specified in the function definition (which should
apply to the function as a whole) and save them for printing later. */
func_redirects = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
@@ -1379,26 +1385,15 @@ named_function_string (char *name, COMMAND *command, int flags)
was_heredoc = 0;
}
remove_unwind_protect (); /* unwind_protect_pointer */
result = the_printed_command;
if ((flags & FUNC_MULTILINE) == 0)
{
#if 0
register int i;
for (i = 0; result[i]; i++)
if (result[i] == '\n')
{
strcpy (result + i, result + i + 1);
--i;
}
#else
if (result[2] == '\n') /* XXX -- experimental */
if (result[2] == '\n')
memmove (result + 2, result + 3, strlen (result) - 2);
#endif
}
dispose_command (cmdcopy);
if (flags & FUNC_EXTERNAL)
result = remove_quoted_escapes (result);
subst.c
+17 -21
View File
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ string_extract (const char *string, int *sindex, const char *charlist, int flags
char *temp;
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0;
slen = (locale_mb_cur_max > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0;
i = *sindex;
found = 0;
while (c = string[i])
@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ string_extract_single_quoted (const char *string, int *sindex, int allowesc)
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
/* Don't need slen for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0;
slen = (locale_mb_cur_max > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0;
i = *sindex;
pass_next = 0;
while (string[i])
@@ -2842,7 +2842,7 @@ string_list_dollar_star (WORD_LIST *list, int quoted, int flags)
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
# if !defined (__GNUC__)
sep = (char *)xmalloc (MB_CUR_MAX + 1);
sep = (char *)xmalloc (locale_mb_cur_max + 1);
# endif /* !__GNUC__ */
if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
{
@@ -2901,7 +2901,7 @@ string_list_dollar_at (WORD_LIST *list, int quoted, int flags)
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
# if !defined (__GNUC__)
sep = (char *)xmalloc (MB_CUR_MAX + 1);
sep = (char *)xmalloc (locale_mb_cur_max + 1);
# endif /* !__GNUC__ */
/* XXX - testing PF_ASSIGNRHS to make sure positional parameters are
separated with a space even when word splitting will not occur. */
@@ -3744,7 +3744,7 @@ expand_string_if_necessary (char *string, int quoted, EXPFUNC *func)
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
/* Don't need string length for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 0;
slen = (locale_mb_cur_max > 1) ? strlen (string) : 0;
i = saw_quote = 0;
while (string[i])
{
@@ -3918,7 +3918,7 @@ expand_arith_string (char *string, int quoted)
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
/* Don't need string length for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 0;
slen = (locale_mb_cur_max > 1) ? strlen (string) : 0;
i = saw_quote = 0;
while (string[i])
{
@@ -5137,7 +5137,7 @@ remove_pattern (char *param, char *pattern, int op)
return (savestring (param));
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
if (locale_mb_cur_max > 1)
{
wchar_t *ret, *oret;
size_t n;
@@ -5505,7 +5505,7 @@ match_pattern (char *string, char *pat, int mtype, char **sp, char **ep)
return (0);
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
if (locale_mb_cur_max > 1)
{
if (mbsmbchar (string) == 0 && mbsmbchar (pat) == 0)
return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
@@ -6567,7 +6567,6 @@ read_comsub (int fd, int quoted, int flags, int *rflag)
{
char *istring, buf[COMSUB_PIPEBUF], *bufp;
int c, tflag, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul;
int mb_cur_max;
size_t istring_index;
size_t istring_size;
ssize_t bufn;
@@ -6586,7 +6585,6 @@ read_comsub (int fd, int quoted, int flags, int *rflag)
skip_ctlesc = ifs_cmap[CTLESC];
skip_ctlnul = ifs_cmap[CTLNUL];
mb_cur_max = MB_CUR_MAX;
nullbyte = 0;
/* Read the output of the command through the pipe. */
@@ -6616,7 +6614,7 @@ read_comsub (int fd, int quoted, int flags, int *rflag)
}
/* Add the character to ISTRING, possibly after resizing it. */
RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, mb_cur_max+1, istring_size, 512);
RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, locale_mb_cur_max+1, istring_size, 512);
/* This is essentially quote_string inline */
if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) /* || c == CTLESC || c == CTLNUL */)
@@ -6633,7 +6631,7 @@ read_comsub (int fd, int quoted, int flags, int *rflag)
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
if ((locale_utf8locale && (c & 0x80)) ||
(locale_utf8locale == 0 && mb_cur_max > 1 && (unsigned char)c > 127))
(locale_utf8locale == 0 && locale_mb_cur_max > 1 && (unsigned char)c > 127))
{
/* read a multibyte character from buf */
/* punt on the hard case for now */
@@ -8510,7 +8508,7 @@ mb_substring (const char *string, int s, int e)
start = 0;
/* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? STRLEN (string) : 0;
slen = (locale_mb_cur_max > 1) ? STRLEN (string) : 0;
i = s;
while (string[start] && i--)
@@ -8567,7 +8565,7 @@ parameter_brace_substring (char *varname, char *value, array_eltstate_t *estatep
case VT_VARIABLE:
case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
if (locale_mb_cur_max > 1)
tt = mb_substring (val, e1, e2);
else
#endif
@@ -10683,7 +10681,6 @@ expand_word_internal (WORD_DESC *word, int quoted, int isexp, int *contains_doll
int local_expanded;
int tflag;
int pflags; /* flags passed to param_expand */
int mb_cur_max;
int assignoff; /* If assignment, offset of `=' */
@@ -10724,11 +10721,10 @@ expand_word_internal (WORD_DESC *word, int quoted, int isexp, int *contains_doll
string = word->word;
if (string == 0)
goto finished_with_string;
mb_cur_max = MB_CUR_MAX;
/* Don't need the string length for the SADD... and COPY_ macros unless
multibyte characters are possible, but do need it for bounds checking. */
string_size = (mb_cur_max > 1) ? strlen (string) : 1;
string_size = (locale_mb_cur_max > 1) ? strlen (string) : 1;
if (contains_dollar_at)
*contains_dollar_at = 0;
@@ -10750,7 +10746,7 @@ expand_word_internal (WORD_DESC *word, int quoted, int isexp, int *contains_doll
case CTLESC:
sindex++;
#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE
if (mb_cur_max > 1 && string[sindex])
if (locale_mb_cur_max > 1 && string[sindex])
{
SADD_MBQCHAR_BODY(temp, string, sindex, string_size);
}
@@ -11367,10 +11363,10 @@ add_quoted_character:
#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE
/* XXX - should make sure that c is actually multibyte,
otherwise we can use the twochars branch */
if (mb_cur_max > 1)
if (locale_mb_cur_max > 1)
sindex--;
if (mb_cur_max > 1)
if (locale_mb_cur_max > 1)
{
SADD_MBQCHAR_BODY(temp, string, sindex, string_size);
}
@@ -11739,7 +11735,7 @@ setifs (SHELL_VAR *v)
{
size_t ifs_len;
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
ifs_len = strnlen (ifs_value, MB_CUR_MAX);
ifs_len = strnlen (ifs_value, locale_mb_cur_max);
ifs_firstc_len = MBRLEN (ifs_value, ifs_len, &state);
}
if (ifs_firstc_len == 1 || ifs_firstc_len == 0 || MB_INVALIDCH (ifs_firstc_len))
tests/errors.right
+1 -1
View File
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ command: usage: command [-pVv] command [arg ...]
./errors.tests: line 231: /bin/sh + 0: arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is "/bin/sh + 0")
./errors.tests: line 234: trap: NOSIG: invalid signal specification
./errors.tests: line 237: trap: -s: invalid option
trap: usage: trap [-lp] [[action] signal_spec ...]
trap: usage: trap [-Plp] [[action] signal_spec ...]
./errors.tests: line 243: return: can only `return' from a function or sourced script
./errors.tests: line 247: break: 0: loop count out of range
./errors.tests: line 251: continue: 0: loop count out of range