commit bash-20160129 snapshot

2026-07-10 21:50:49 +02:00 · 2016-02-09 09:03:09 -05:00
parent 037a8b7fe4
commit d345f817ff
85 changed files with 7032 additions and 7018 deletions
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 .\"	Case Western Reserve University
 .\"	chet.ramey@case.edu
 .\"
-.\"	Last Change: Mon Nov 16 10:54:48 EST 2015
+.\"	Last Change: Wed Jan 27 14:48:54 EST 2016
 .\"
 .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
 .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
 .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2015 November 16" "GNU Bash 4.4"
+.TH BASH 1 "2016 January 27" "GNU Bash 4.4"
 .\"
 .\" There's some problem with having a `@'
 .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ bash \- GNU Bourne-Again SHell
 [options]
 [command_string | file]
 .SH COPYRIGHT
-.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2015 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2015 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2016 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2016 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 .B Bash
 is an \fBsh\fR-compatible command language interpreter that
@@ -3393,6 +3393,9 @@ null argument results and is retained
 and passed to a command as an empty string.
 When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
 non-null, the null argument is removed.
+That is, the word
+\f(CW\-d\(aq\^\(aq\fP becomes \f(CW\-d\fP after word splitting and
+null argument removal.
 .PP
 Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
 is performed.
@@ -8780,13 +8783,16 @@ invalid option is supplied.
 .TP
 \fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fB\-i\fP \fItext\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-N\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
 One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
-\fIfd\fP supplied as an argument to the \fB\-u\fP option, and the first word
+\fIfd\fP supplied as an argument to the \fB\-u\fP option,
+split into words as described above under \fBWord Splitting\fP,
+and the first word
 is assigned to the first
 .IR name ,
 the second word to the second
 .IR name ,
-and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned
-to the last
+and so on.
+If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their
+intervening delimiters are assigned to the last
 .IR name .
 If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names,
 the remaining names are assigned empty values.
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 </HEAD>
 <BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
 <TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2015 November 16<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2016 January 25<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
 </TR>
 </TABLE>
 <BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
 <H3>COPYRIGHT</H3>


-Bash is Copyright &#169; 1989-2015 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Bash is Copyright &#169; 1989-2016 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 <A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
 <H3>DESCRIPTION</H3>

@@ -4274,6 +4274,9 @@ null argument results and is retained
 and passed to a command as an empty string.
 When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
 non-null, the null argument is removed.
+That is, the word
+<TT>-daqaq</TT> becomes <TT>-d</TT> after word splitting and
+null argument removal.
 <P>

 Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
@@ -13471,7 +13474,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
 <HR>
 <TABLE WIDTH=100%>
 <TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.4<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2015 November 16<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.4<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2016 January 25<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
 </TR>
 </TABLE>
 <HR>
@@ -13577,6 +13580,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
 </DL>
 <HR>
 This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 20 January 2016 13:59:15 EST
+Time: 25 January 2016 10:12:33 EST
 </BODY>
 </HTML>
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.0 from
 bashref.texi.

 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 4.4, 16 November 2015).
+Bash shell (version 4.4, 25 January 2016).

-   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 16 November 2015, of 'The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 25 January 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4.

-   Copyright (C) 1988-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features
 *************

 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 4.4, 16 November 2015).  The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 4.4, 25 January 2016).  The Bash home page is
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.

-   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 16 November 2015, of 'The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 25 January 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4.

   Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -2012,7 +2012,8 @@ from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed.  If a
 parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null
 argument results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty
 string.  When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose
-expansion is non-null, the null argument is removed.
+expansion is non-null, the null argument is removed.  That is, the word
+'-d''' becomes '-d' after word splitting and null argument removal.

   Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.

@@ -11317,134 +11318,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index


 Tag Table:
-Node: Top897
-Node: Introduction2817
-Node: What is Bash?3033
-Node: What is a shell?4147
-Node: Definitions6685
-Node: Basic Shell Features9623
-Node: Shell Syntax10842
-Node: Shell Operation11868
-Node: Quoting13161
-Node: Escape Character14461
-Node: Single Quotes14946
-Node: Double Quotes15294
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting16572
-Node: Locale Translation17825
-Node: Comments18721
-Node: Shell Commands19339
-Node: Simple Commands20211
-Node: Pipelines20842
-Node: Lists23585
-Node: Compound Commands25314
-Node: Looping Constructs26317
-Node: Conditional Constructs28780
-Node: Command Grouping39701
-Node: Coprocesses41180
-Node: GNU Parallel43012
-Node: Shell Functions46985
-Node: Shell Parameters52191
-Node: Positional Parameters56593
-Node: Special Parameters57493
-Node: Shell Expansions60830
-Node: Brace Expansion62767
-Node: Tilde Expansion65548
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67896
-Node: Command Substitution82028
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion83383
-Node: Process Substitution84315
-Node: Word Splitting85435
-Node: Filename Expansion87292
-Node: Pattern Matching89576
-Node: Quote Removal93274
-Node: Redirections93569
-Node: Executing Commands102818
-Node: Simple Command Expansion103488
-Node: Command Search and Execution105418
-Node: Command Execution Environment107754
-Node: Environment110738
-Node: Exit Status112397
-Node: Signals114067
-Node: Shell Scripts116034
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands118549
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120583
-Node: Bash Builtins141185
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior169701
-Node: The Set Builtin170046
-Node: The Shopt Builtin180459
-Node: Special Builtins196079
-Node: Shell Variables197058
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables197495
-Node: Bash Variables199526
-Node: Bash Features227790
-Node: Invoking Bash228689
-Node: Bash Startup Files234638
-Node: Interactive Shells239741
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240151
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?240800
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior241615
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions244990
-Node: Shell Arithmetic248991
-Node: Aliases251768
-Node: Arrays254316
-Node: The Directory Stack259400
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins260184
-Node: Controlling the Prompt263152
-Node: The Restricted Shell265898
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode267723
-Node: Job Control277635
-Node: Job Control Basics278095
-Node: Job Control Builtins282814
-Node: Job Control Variables287344
-Node: Command Line Editing288500
-Node: Introduction and Notation290171
-Node: Readline Interaction291794
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials292985
-Node: Readline Movement Commands294768
-Node: Readline Killing Commands295728
-Node: Readline Arguments297646
-Node: Searching298690
-Node: Readline Init File300876
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax302023
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs321787
-Node: Sample Init File324312
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands327429
-Node: Commands For Moving328633
-Node: Commands For History329776
-Node: Commands For Text334065
-Node: Commands For Killing337454
-Node: Numeric Arguments339935
-Node: Commands For Completion341074
-Node: Keyboard Macros345265
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands345952
-Node: Readline vi Mode351756
-Node: Programmable Completion352663
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins360124
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example370010
-Node: Using History Interactively375262
-Node: Bash History Facilities375946
-Node: Bash History Builtins378947
-Node: History Interaction382944
-Node: Event Designators385908
-Node: Word Designators387127
-Node: Modifiers388764
-Node: Installing Bash390166
-Node: Basic Installation391303
-Node: Compilers and Options393994
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures394735
-Node: Installation Names396398
-Node: Specifying the System Type397216
-Node: Sharing Defaults397932
-Node: Operation Controls398605
-Node: Optional Features399563
-Node: Reporting Bugs409820
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell411014
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License427866
-Node: Indexes453043
-Node: Builtin Index453497
-Node: Reserved Word Index460324
-Node: Variable Index462772
-Node: Function Index478231
-Node: Concept Index491451
+Node: Top895
+Node: Introduction2813
+Node: What is Bash?3029
+Node: What is a shell?4143
+Node: Definitions6681
+Node: Basic Shell Features9619
+Node: Shell Syntax10838
+Node: Shell Operation11864
+Node: Quoting13157
+Node: Escape Character14457
+Node: Single Quotes14942
+Node: Double Quotes15290
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting16568
+Node: Locale Translation17821
+Node: Comments18717
+Node: Shell Commands19335
+Node: Simple Commands20207
+Node: Pipelines20838
+Node: Lists23581
+Node: Compound Commands25310
+Node: Looping Constructs26313
+Node: Conditional Constructs28776
+Node: Command Grouping39697
+Node: Coprocesses41176
+Node: GNU Parallel43008
+Node: Shell Functions46981
+Node: Shell Parameters52187
+Node: Positional Parameters56589
+Node: Special Parameters57489
+Node: Shell Expansions60826
+Node: Brace Expansion62763
+Node: Tilde Expansion65544
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67892
+Node: Command Substitution82024
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion83379
+Node: Process Substitution84311
+Node: Word Splitting85431
+Node: Filename Expansion87375
+Node: Pattern Matching89659
+Node: Quote Removal93357
+Node: Redirections93652
+Node: Executing Commands102901
+Node: Simple Command Expansion103571
+Node: Command Search and Execution105501
+Node: Command Execution Environment107837
+Node: Environment110821
+Node: Exit Status112480
+Node: Signals114150
+Node: Shell Scripts116117
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands118632
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120666
+Node: Bash Builtins141268
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior169784
+Node: The Set Builtin170129
+Node: The Shopt Builtin180542
+Node: Special Builtins196162
+Node: Shell Variables197141
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables197578
+Node: Bash Variables199609
+Node: Bash Features227873
+Node: Invoking Bash228772
+Node: Bash Startup Files234721
+Node: Interactive Shells239824
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240234
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?240883
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior241698
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245073
+Node: Shell Arithmetic249074
+Node: Aliases251851
+Node: Arrays254399
+Node: The Directory Stack259483
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins260267
+Node: Controlling the Prompt263235
+Node: The Restricted Shell265981
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode267806
+Node: Job Control277718
+Node: Job Control Basics278178
+Node: Job Control Builtins282897
+Node: Job Control Variables287427
+Node: Command Line Editing288583
+Node: Introduction and Notation290254
+Node: Readline Interaction291877
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials293068
+Node: Readline Movement Commands294851
+Node: Readline Killing Commands295811
+Node: Readline Arguments297729
+Node: Searching298773
+Node: Readline Init File300959
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax302106
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs321870
+Node: Sample Init File324395
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands327512
+Node: Commands For Moving328716
+Node: Commands For History329859
+Node: Commands For Text334148
+Node: Commands For Killing337537
+Node: Numeric Arguments340018
+Node: Commands For Completion341157
+Node: Keyboard Macros345348
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands346035
+Node: Readline vi Mode351839
+Node: Programmable Completion352746
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins360207
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example370093
+Node: Using History Interactively375345
+Node: Bash History Facilities376029
+Node: Bash History Builtins379030
+Node: History Interaction383027
+Node: Event Designators385991
+Node: Word Designators387210
+Node: Modifiers388847
+Node: Installing Bash390249
+Node: Basic Installation391386
+Node: Compilers and Options394077
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures394818
+Node: Installation Names396481
+Node: Specifying the System Type397299
+Node: Sharing Defaults398015
+Node: Operation Controls398688
+Node: Optional Features399646
+Node: Reporting Bugs409903
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell411097
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License427949
+Node: Indexes453126
+Node: Builtin Index453580
+Node: Reserved Word Index460407
+Node: Variable Index462855
+Node: Function Index478314
+Node: Concept Index491534

 End Tag Table
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 <html>
 <!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.4, 16 November 2015).
+the Bash shell (version 4.4, 25 January 2016).

-This is Edition 4.4, last updated 16 November 2015,
+This is Edition 4.4, last updated 25 January 2016,
 of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
 for Bash, Version 4.4.

-Copyright (C) 1988-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
@@ -285,10 +285,10 @@ Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Previou
 <h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1>

 <p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.4, 16 November 2015).
+the Bash shell (version 4.4, 25 January 2016).
 The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
 </p>
-<p>This is Edition 4.4, last updated 16 November 2015,
+<p>This is Edition 4.4, last updated 25 January 2016,
 of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
 for <code>Bash</code>, Version 4.4.
 </p>
@@ -2926,6 +2926,9 @@ null argument results and is retained
 and passed to a command as an empty string.
 When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
 non-null, the null argument is removed.
+That is, the word
+<code>-d''</code> becomes <code>-d</code> after word splitting and
+null argument removal.
 </p>
 <p>Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
 is performed.
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.0 from
 bashref.texi.

 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 4.4, 16 November 2015).
+Bash shell (version 4.4, 25 January 2016).

-   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 16 November 2015, of 'The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 25 January 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4.

-   Copyright (C) 1988-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features
 *************

 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 4.4, 16 November 2015).  The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 4.4, 25 January 2016).  The Bash home page is
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.

-   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 16 November 2015, of 'The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 25 January 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4.

   Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -2012,7 +2012,8 @@ from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed.  If a
 parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null
 argument results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty
 string.  When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose
-expansion is non-null, the null argument is removed.
+expansion is non-null, the null argument is removed.  That is, the word
+'-d''' becomes '-d' after word splitting and null argument removal.

   Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.

@@ -11317,134 +11318,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index


 Tag Table:
-Node: Top897
-Node: Introduction2817
-Node: What is Bash?3033
-Node: What is a shell?4147
-Node: Definitions6685
-Node: Basic Shell Features9623
-Node: Shell Syntax10842
-Node: Shell Operation11868
-Node: Quoting13161
-Node: Escape Character14461
-Node: Single Quotes14946
-Node: Double Quotes15294
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting16572
-Node: Locale Translation17825
-Node: Comments18721
-Node: Shell Commands19339
-Node: Simple Commands20211
-Node: Pipelines20842
-Node: Lists23585
-Node: Compound Commands25314
-Node: Looping Constructs26317
-Node: Conditional Constructs28780
-Node: Command Grouping39701
-Node: Coprocesses41180
-Node: GNU Parallel43012
-Node: Shell Functions46985
-Node: Shell Parameters52191
-Node: Positional Parameters56593
-Node: Special Parameters57493
-Node: Shell Expansions60830
-Node: Brace Expansion62767
-Node: Tilde Expansion65548
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67896
-Node: Command Substitution82028
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion83383
-Node: Process Substitution84315
-Node: Word Splitting85435
-Node: Filename Expansion87292
-Node: Pattern Matching89576
-Node: Quote Removal93274
-Node: Redirections93569
-Node: Executing Commands102818
-Node: Simple Command Expansion103488
-Node: Command Search and Execution105418
-Node: Command Execution Environment107754
-Node: Environment110738
-Node: Exit Status112397
-Node: Signals114067
-Node: Shell Scripts116034
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands118549
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120583
-Node: Bash Builtins141185
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior169701
-Node: The Set Builtin170046
-Node: The Shopt Builtin180459
-Node: Special Builtins196079
-Node: Shell Variables197058
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables197495
-Node: Bash Variables199526
-Node: Bash Features227790
-Node: Invoking Bash228689
-Node: Bash Startup Files234638
-Node: Interactive Shells239741
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240151
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?240800
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior241615
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions244990
-Node: Shell Arithmetic248991
-Node: Aliases251768
-Node: Arrays254316
-Node: The Directory Stack259400
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins260184
-Node: Controlling the Prompt263152
-Node: The Restricted Shell265898
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode267723
-Node: Job Control277635
-Node: Job Control Basics278095
-Node: Job Control Builtins282814
-Node: Job Control Variables287344
-Node: Command Line Editing288500
-Node: Introduction and Notation290171
-Node: Readline Interaction291794
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials292985
-Node: Readline Movement Commands294768
-Node: Readline Killing Commands295728
-Node: Readline Arguments297646
-Node: Searching298690
-Node: Readline Init File300876
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax302023
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs321787
-Node: Sample Init File324312
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands327429
-Node: Commands For Moving328633
-Node: Commands For History329776
-Node: Commands For Text334065
-Node: Commands For Killing337454
-Node: Numeric Arguments339935
-Node: Commands For Completion341074
-Node: Keyboard Macros345265
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands345952
-Node: Readline vi Mode351756
-Node: Programmable Completion352663
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins360124
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example370010
-Node: Using History Interactively375262
-Node: Bash History Facilities375946
-Node: Bash History Builtins378947
-Node: History Interaction382944
-Node: Event Designators385908
-Node: Word Designators387127
-Node: Modifiers388764
-Node: Installing Bash390166
-Node: Basic Installation391303
-Node: Compilers and Options393994
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures394735
-Node: Installation Names396398
-Node: Specifying the System Type397216
-Node: Sharing Defaults397932
-Node: Operation Controls398605
-Node: Optional Features399563
-Node: Reporting Bugs409820
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell411014
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License427866
-Node: Indexes453043
-Node: Builtin Index453497
-Node: Reserved Word Index460324
-Node: Variable Index462772
-Node: Function Index478231
-Node: Concept Index491451
+Node: Top895
+Node: Introduction2813
+Node: What is Bash?3029
+Node: What is a shell?4143
+Node: Definitions6681
+Node: Basic Shell Features9619
+Node: Shell Syntax10838
+Node: Shell Operation11864
+Node: Quoting13157
+Node: Escape Character14457
+Node: Single Quotes14942
+Node: Double Quotes15290
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting16568
+Node: Locale Translation17821
+Node: Comments18717
+Node: Shell Commands19335
+Node: Simple Commands20207
+Node: Pipelines20838
+Node: Lists23581
+Node: Compound Commands25310
+Node: Looping Constructs26313
+Node: Conditional Constructs28776
+Node: Command Grouping39697
+Node: Coprocesses41176
+Node: GNU Parallel43008
+Node: Shell Functions46981
+Node: Shell Parameters52187
+Node: Positional Parameters56589
+Node: Special Parameters57489
+Node: Shell Expansions60826
+Node: Brace Expansion62763
+Node: Tilde Expansion65544
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67892
+Node: Command Substitution82024
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion83379
+Node: Process Substitution84311
+Node: Word Splitting85431
+Node: Filename Expansion87375
+Node: Pattern Matching89659
+Node: Quote Removal93357
+Node: Redirections93652
+Node: Executing Commands102901
+Node: Simple Command Expansion103571
+Node: Command Search and Execution105501
+Node: Command Execution Environment107837
+Node: Environment110821
+Node: Exit Status112480
+Node: Signals114150
+Node: Shell Scripts116117
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands118632
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120666
+Node: Bash Builtins141268
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior169784
+Node: The Set Builtin170129
+Node: The Shopt Builtin180542
+Node: Special Builtins196162
+Node: Shell Variables197141
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables197578
+Node: Bash Variables199609
+Node: Bash Features227873
+Node: Invoking Bash228772
+Node: Bash Startup Files234721
+Node: Interactive Shells239824
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240234
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?240883
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior241698
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245073
+Node: Shell Arithmetic249074
+Node: Aliases251851
+Node: Arrays254399
+Node: The Directory Stack259483
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins260267
+Node: Controlling the Prompt263235
+Node: The Restricted Shell265981
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode267806
+Node: Job Control277718
+Node: Job Control Basics278178
+Node: Job Control Builtins282897
+Node: Job Control Variables287427
+Node: Command Line Editing288583
+Node: Introduction and Notation290254
+Node: Readline Interaction291877
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials293068
+Node: Readline Movement Commands294851
+Node: Readline Killing Commands295811
+Node: Readline Arguments297729
+Node: Searching298773
+Node: Readline Init File300959
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax302106
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs321870
+Node: Sample Init File324395
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands327512
+Node: Commands For Moving328716
+Node: Commands For History329859
+Node: Commands For Text334148
+Node: Commands For Killing337537
+Node: Numeric Arguments340018
+Node: Commands For Completion341157
+Node: Keyboard Macros345348
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands346035
+Node: Readline vi Mode351839
+Node: Programmable Completion352746
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins360207
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example370093
+Node: Using History Interactively375345
+Node: Bash History Facilities376029
+Node: Bash History Builtins379030
+Node: History Interaction383027
+Node: Event Designators385991
+Node: Word Designators387210
+Node: Modifiers388847
+Node: Installing Bash390249
+Node: Basic Installation391386
+Node: Compilers and Options394077
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures394818
+Node: Installation Names396481
+Node: Specifying the System Type397299
+Node: Sharing Defaults398015
+Node: Operation Controls398688
+Node: Optional Features399646
+Node: Reporting Bugs409903
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell411097
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License427949
+Node: Indexes453126
+Node: Builtin Index453580
+Node: Reserved Word Index460407
+Node: Variable Index462855
+Node: Function Index478314
+Node: Concept Index491534

 End Tag Table
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX Live 2015/MacPorts 2015_7) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2015.7.15)  20 JAN 2016 13:59
+This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX Live 2015/MacPorts 2015_7) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2015.7.15)  25 JAN 2016 10:12
 entering extended mode
 restricted \write18 enabled.
 file:line:error style messages enabled.
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ arallel -k traceroute[]

 [41] [42] [43]
 [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53]
-Overfull \hbox (26.76846pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4258--4258
+Overfull \hbox (26.76846pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4261--4261
 []@texttt mapfile [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt ] [-n @textttsl count@texttt ] [
 -O @textttsl ori-gin@texttt ] [-s @textttsl count@texttt ] [-t] [-u @textttsl f
 d@texttt ][] 
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ d@texttt ][]
 .etc.

 [54] [55]
-Overfull \hbox (38.26584pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4458--4458
+Overfull \hbox (38.26584pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4461--4461
 []@texttt readarray [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt ] [-n @textttsl count@texttt ]
 [-O @textttsl ori-gin@texttt ] [-s @textttsl count@texttt ] [-t] [-u @textttsl
 fd@texttt ][] 
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (38.26584pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4458--4458

 [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] Chapter 5
 [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] Chapter 6 [80]
-Overfull \hbox (49.43388pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6164--6164
+Overfull \hbox (49.43388pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6167--6167
 []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
 exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
 .etc.


-Overfull \hbox (72.42863pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6165--6165
+Overfull \hbox (72.42863pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6168--6168
 []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt 
 ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar
 -
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (72.42863pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6165--6165
 .etc.


-Overfull \hbox (32.18782pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6166--6166
+Overfull \hbox (32.18782pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6169--6169
 []@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text
 tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-

@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ Overfull \vbox (2.87483pt too high) has occurred while \output is active
 Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
 4059 strings out of 497110
 46657 string characters out of 6206872
- 138634 words of memory out of 5000000
+ 138632 words of memory out of 5000000
 4845 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
 33547 words of font info for 115 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
 51 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ hare/texmf-texlive/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmtt10.pfb></opt/local/share/
 texmf-texlive/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmtt12.pfb></opt/local/share/texmf
 -texlive/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmtt9.pfb></opt/local/share/texmf-texli
 ve/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfrm1095.pfb>
-Output written on bashref.pdf (177 pages, 730357 bytes).
+Output written on bashref.pdf (177 pages, 730457 bytes).
 PDF statistics:
 2567 PDF objects out of 2984 (max. 8388607)
 2346 compressed objects within 24 object streams
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 %!PS-Adobe-2.0
 %%Creator: dvips(k) 5.995 Copyright 2015 Radical Eye Software
 %%Title: bashref.dvi
-%%CreationDate: Wed Jan 20 13:59:11 2016
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jan 25 10:12:29 2016
 %%Pages: 177
 %%PageOrder: Ascend
 %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 %DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com)
 %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -D 600 -t letter -o bashref.ps bashref.dvi
 %DVIPSParameters: dpi=600
-%DVIPSSource:  TeX output 2016.01.20:1359
+%DVIPSSource:  TeX output 2016.01.25:1012
 %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro 0 0
 %!
 /TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S
@@ -7518,22 +7518,22 @@ ifelse
 TeXDict begin 1 0 bop 150 1318 a Fv(Bash)64 b(Reference)j(Man)-5
 b(ual)p 150 1385 3600 34 v 2361 1481 a Fu(Reference)31
 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(for)d(Bash)2428 1589 y(Edition)h(4.4,)g(for)f
-Ft(Bash)g Fu(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(4.4.)3139 1697 y(No)m(v)m(em)m(b)s(er)g
-(2015)150 4927 y Fs(Chet)45 b(Ramey)-11 b(,)46 b(Case)g(W)-11
-b(estern)46 b(Reserv)l(e)g(Univ)l(ersit)l(y)150 5068
-y(Brian)f(F)-11 b(o)l(x,)45 b(F)-11 b(ree)45 b(Soft)l(w)l(are)h(F)-11
+Ft(Bash)g Fu(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(4.4.)3218 1697 y(Jan)m(uary)f(2016)150
+4927 y Fs(Chet)45 b(Ramey)-11 b(,)46 b(Case)g(W)-11 b(estern)46
+b(Reserv)l(e)g(Univ)l(ersit)l(y)150 5068 y(Brian)f(F)-11
+b(o)l(x,)45 b(F)-11 b(ree)45 b(Soft)l(w)l(are)h(F)-11
 b(oundation)p 150 5141 3600 17 v eop end
 %%Page: 2 2
 TeXDict begin 2 1 bop 150 4279 a Fu(This)35 b(text)h(is)g(a)g(brief)f
 (description)h(of)f(the)h(features)g(that)g(are)g(presen)m(t)g(in)f
-(the)h(Bash)f(shell)h(\(v)m(ersion)150 4389 y(4.4,)c(16)f(No)m(v)m(em)m
-(b)s(er)g(2015\).)150 4523 y(This)e(is)i(Edition)f(4.4,)h(last)g(up)s
-(dated)e(16)i(No)m(v)m(em)m(b)s(er)h(2015,)g(of)e Fr(The)g(GNU)h(Bash)f
-(Reference)h(Man)m(ual)p Fu(,)150 4633 y(for)f Ft(Bash)p
-Fu(,)g(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(4.4.)150 4767 y(Cop)m(yrigh)m(t)602
-4764 y(c)577 4767 y Fq(\015)f Fu(1988{2015)35 b(F)-8
-b(ree)31 b(Soft)m(w)m(are)h(F)-8 b(oundation,)31 b(Inc.)390
-4902 y(P)m(ermission)21 b(is)f(gran)m(ted)h(to)g(cop)m(y)-8
+(the)h(Bash)f(shell)h(\(v)m(ersion)150 4389 y(4.4,)c(25)f(Jan)m(uary)f
+(2016\).)150 4523 y(This)35 b(is)h(Edition)f(4.4,)k(last)d(up)s(dated)f
+(25)h(Jan)m(uary)f(2016,)k(of)d Fr(The)f(GNU)i(Bash)e(Reference)i(Man)m
+(ual)p Fu(,)150 4633 y(for)30 b Ft(Bash)p Fu(,)g(V)-8
+b(ersion)31 b(4.4.)150 4767 y(Cop)m(yrigh)m(t)602 4764
+y(c)577 4767 y Fq(\015)f Fu(1988{2016)35 b(F)-8 b(ree)31
+b(Soft)m(w)m(are)h(F)-8 b(oundation,)31 b(Inc.)390 4902
+y(P)m(ermission)21 b(is)f(gran)m(ted)h(to)g(cop)m(y)-8
 b(,)24 b(distribute)c(and/or)h(mo)s(dify)e(this)i(do)s(cumen)m(t)f
 (under)f(the)390 5011 y(terms)25 b(of)h(the)f(GNU)h(F)-8
 b(ree)27 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)g(License,)g(V)-8 b(ersion)26
@@ -10155,247 +10155,251 @@ Ft(>)f Fu(and)g(the)h(left)h(paren)m(thesis,)f(otherwise)h(the)f
 (redirection.)59 b(Pro)s(cess)36 b(substitution)g(is)h(supp)s(orted)d
 (on)i(systems)g(that)150 956 y(supp)s(ort)29 b(named)h(pip)s(es)f(\()p
 Fm(fif)n(o)p Fu(s\))h(or)h(the)f Ft(/dev/fd)f Fu(metho)s(d)h(of)g
-(naming)g(op)s(en)g(\014les.)275 1085 y(When)36 b(a)m(v)-5
+(naming)g(op)s(en)g(\014les.)275 1099 y(When)36 b(a)m(v)-5
 b(ailable,)40 b(pro)s(cess)c(substitution)h(is)f(p)s(erformed)f(sim)m
-(ultaneously)i(with)g(parameter)g(and)150 1195 y(v)-5
+(ultaneously)i(with)g(parameter)g(and)150 1209 y(v)-5
 b(ariable)31 b(expansion,)g(command)f(substitution,)g(and)g(arithmetic)
-i(expansion.)150 1383 y Fk(3.5.7)63 b(W)-10 b(ord)41
-b(Splitting)150 1530 y Fu(The)30 b(shell)h(scans)g(the)g(results)f(of)h
+i(expansion.)150 1417 y Fk(3.5.7)63 b(W)-10 b(ord)41
+b(Splitting)150 1564 y Fu(The)30 b(shell)h(scans)g(the)g(results)f(of)h
 (parameter)g(expansion,)g(command)g(substitution,)g(and)f(arithmetic)
-150 1640 y(expansion)g(that)h(did)f(not)g(o)s(ccur)h(within)e(double)h
-(quotes)h(for)f(w)m(ord)g(splitting.)275 1769 y(The)e(shell)g(treats)i
+150 1673 y(expansion)g(that)h(did)f(not)g(o)s(ccur)h(within)e(double)h
+(quotes)h(for)f(w)m(ord)g(splitting.)275 1816 y(The)e(shell)g(treats)i
 (eac)m(h)g(c)m(haracter)g(of)f Ft($IFS)e Fu(as)i(a)g(delimiter,)h(and)e
-(splits)g(the)h(results)f(of)h(the)g(other)150 1878 y(expansions)22
+(splits)g(the)h(results)f(of)h(the)g(other)150 1926 y(expansions)22
 b(in)m(to)i(w)m(ords)e(using)h(these)g(c)m(haracters)h(as)f(\014eld)f
 (terminators.)39 b(If)22 b Ft(IFS)g Fu(is)h(unset,)h(or)e(its)h(v)-5
-b(alue)150 1988 y(is)36 b(exactly)j Ft(<space><tab><newline>)p
+b(alue)150 2036 y(is)36 b(exactly)j Ft(<space><tab><newline>)p
 Fu(,)32 b(the)37 b(default,)h(then)e(sequences)h(of)67
-b Ft(<space>)p Fu(,)36 b Ft(<tab>)p Fu(,)h(and)150 2097
+b Ft(<space>)p Fu(,)36 b Ft(<tab>)p Fu(,)h(and)150 2145
 y Ft(<newline>)28 b Fu(at)k(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(and)h(end)f(of)h(the)g
 (results)g(of)g(the)g(previous)g(expansions)f(are)i(ignored,)150
-2207 y(and)k(an)m(y)h(sequence)h(of)f Ft(IFS)f Fu(c)m(haracters)i(not)f
+2255 y(and)k(an)m(y)h(sequence)h(of)f Ft(IFS)f Fu(c)m(haracters)i(not)f
 (at)h(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(or)h(end)f(serv)m(es)h(to)h(delimit)f(w)m
-(ords.)150 2317 y(If)43 b Ft(IFS)f Fu(has)h(a)h(v)-5
+(ords.)150 2364 y(If)43 b Ft(IFS)f Fu(has)h(a)h(v)-5
 b(alue)43 b(other)h(than)f(the)g(default,)k(then)c(sequences)h(of)f
-(the)h(whitespace)f(c)m(haracters)150 2426 y Ft(space)p
+(the)h(whitespace)f(c)m(haracters)150 2474 y Ft(space)p
 Fu(,)29 b Ft(tab)p Fu(,)h(and)g Ft(newline)e Fu(are)j(ignored)g(at)g
 (the)f(b)s(eginning)g(and)g(end)g(of)g(the)h(w)m(ord,)f(as)h(long)g(as)
-g(the)150 2536 y(whitespace)c(c)m(haracter)h(is)f(in)f(the)g(v)-5
+g(the)150 2584 y(whitespace)c(c)m(haracter)h(is)f(in)f(the)g(v)-5
 b(alue)27 b(of)g Ft(IFS)e Fu(\(an)i Ft(IFS)e Fu(whitespace)i(c)m
-(haracter\).)42 b(An)m(y)26 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)150 2645
+(haracter\).)42 b(An)m(y)26 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)150 2693
 y Ft(IFS)c Fu(that)h(is)g(not)f Ft(IFS)g Fu(whitespace,)j(along)f(with)
 e(an)m(y)h(adjacen)m(t)h Ft(IFS)e Fu(whitespace)h(c)m(haracters,)i
-(delimits)150 2755 y(a)k(\014eld.)40 b(A)31 b(sequence)g(of)f
+(delimits)150 2803 y(a)k(\014eld.)40 b(A)31 b(sequence)g(of)f
 Ft(IFS)g Fu(whitespace)h(c)m(haracters)h(is)e(also)h(treated)h(as)f(a)f
-(delimiter.)42 b(If)30 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)150 2865 y(of)31
+(delimiter.)42 b(If)30 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)150 2912 y(of)31
 b Ft(IFS)e Fu(is)h(n)m(ull,)h(no)f(w)m(ord)g(splitting)h(o)s(ccurs.)275
-2993 y(Explicit)21 b(n)m(ull)g(argumen)m(ts)g(\()p Ft("")g
+3055 y(Explicit)21 b(n)m(ull)g(argumen)m(ts)g(\()p Ft("")g
 Fu(or)g Ft('')p Fu(\))f(are)h(retained)h(and)e(passed)g(to)i(commands)e
-(as)i(empt)m(y)f(strings.)150 3103 y(Unquoted)37 b(implicit)i(n)m(ull)f
+(as)i(empt)m(y)f(strings.)150 3165 y(Unquoted)37 b(implicit)i(n)m(ull)f
 (argumen)m(ts,)i(resulting)d(from)g(the)h(expansion)g(of)g(parameters)f
-(that)i(ha)m(v)m(e)150 3213 y(no)32 b(v)-5 b(alues,)33
+(that)i(ha)m(v)m(e)150 3275 y(no)32 b(v)-5 b(alues,)33
 b(are)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)47 b(If)32 b(a)g(parameter)h(with)e(no)h(v)-5
 b(alue)33 b(is)f(expanded)f(within)h(double)f(quotes,)j(a)150
-3322 y(n)m(ull)c(argumen)m(t)g(results)g(and)f(is)h(retained)g(and)f
+3384 y(n)m(ull)c(argumen)m(t)g(results)g(and)f(is)h(retained)g(and)f
 (passed)g(to)i(a)f(command)g(as)g(an)f(empt)m(y)i(string.)40
-b(When)150 3432 y(a)f(quoted)f(n)m(ull)g(argumen)m(t)h(app)s(ears)e(as)
+b(When)150 3494 y(a)f(quoted)f(n)m(ull)g(argumen)m(t)h(app)s(ears)e(as)
 i(part)f(of)g(a)g(w)m(ord)g(whose)g(expansion)g(is)h(non-n)m(ull,)h
-(the)e(n)m(ull)150 3541 y(argumen)m(t)31 b(is)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)275
-3670 y(Note)h(that)g(if)g(no)f(expansion)g(o)s(ccurs,)g(no)h(splitting)
-g(is)f(p)s(erformed.)150 3859 y Fk(3.5.8)63 b(Filename)41
-b(Expansion)150 4006 y Fu(After)30 b(w)m(ord)f(splitting,)i(unless)d
-(the)i Ft(-f)f Fu(option)h(has)f(b)s(een)g(set)h(\(see)g(Section)h
-(4.3.1)g([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)150 4115 y(page)d(59\),)i(Bash)d(scans)
-h(eac)m(h)h(w)m(ord)e(for)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p
-Ft(*)p Fu(',)h(`)p Ft(?)p Fu(',)g(and)e(`)p Ft([)p Fu('.)39
-b(If)26 b(one)h(of)g(these)f(c)m(haracters)150 4225 y(app)s(ears,)h
+(the)e(n)m(ull)150 3603 y(argumen)m(t)i(is)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)69
+b(That)39 b(is,)j(the)e(w)m(ord)f Ft(-d'')f Fu(b)s(ecomes)i
+Ft(-d)e Fu(after)i(w)m(ord)f(splitting)h(and)f(n)m(ull)150
+3713 y(argumen)m(t)31 b(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)275 3856 y(Note)31
+b(that)g(if)g(no)f(expansion)g(o)s(ccurs,)g(no)h(splitting)g(is)f(p)s
+(erformed.)150 4064 y Fk(3.5.8)63 b(Filename)41 b(Expansion)150
+4211 y Fu(After)30 b(w)m(ord)f(splitting,)i(unless)d(the)i
+Ft(-f)f Fu(option)h(has)f(b)s(een)g(set)h(\(see)g(Section)h(4.3.1)g
+([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)150 4320 y(page)d(59\),)i(Bash)d(scans)h(eac)m
+(h)h(w)m(ord)e(for)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p Ft(*)p
+Fu(',)h(`)p Ft(?)p Fu(',)g(and)e(`)p Ft([)p Fu('.)39
+b(If)26 b(one)h(of)g(these)f(c)m(haracters)150 4430 y(app)s(ears,)h
 (then)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f(is)h(regarded)g(as)g(a)g Fr(pattern)p
 Fu(,)g(and)g(replaced)g(with)f(an)h(alphab)s(etically)h(sorted)150
-4334 y(list)k(of)f(\014lenames)g(matc)m(hing)h(the)f(pattern)g(\(see)h
+4539 y(list)k(of)f(\014lenames)g(matc)m(hing)h(the)f(pattern)g(\(see)h
 (Section)f(3.5.8.1)j([P)m(attern)e(Matc)m(hing],)h(page)f(31\).)43
-b(If)150 4444 y(no)26 b(matc)m(hing)i(\014lenames)e(are)h(found,)f(and)
+b(If)150 4649 y(no)26 b(matc)m(hing)i(\014lenames)e(are)h(found,)f(and)
 g(the)h(shell)f(option)h Ft(nullglob)d Fu(is)j(disabled,)g(the)g(w)m
-(ord)f(is)g(left)150 4553 y(unc)m(hanged.)40 b(If)30
+(ord)f(is)g(left)150 4759 y(unc)m(hanged.)40 b(If)30
 b(the)g Ft(nullglob)e Fu(option)i(is)h(set,)f(and)g(no)g(matc)m(hes)h
 (are)g(found,)e(the)h(w)m(ord)g(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150
-4663 y(If)i(the)g Ft(failglob)e Fu(shell)i(option)h(is)f(set,)h(and)f
+4868 y(If)i(the)g Ft(failglob)e Fu(shell)i(option)h(is)f(set,)h(and)f
 (no)g(matc)m(hes)h(are)g(found,)e(an)h(error)g(message)h(is)f(prin)m
-(ted)150 4773 y(and)e(the)g(command)g(is)h(not)f(executed.)42
+(ted)150 4978 y(and)e(the)g(command)g(is)h(not)f(executed.)42
 b(If)30 b(the)g(shell)h(option)g Ft(nocaseglob)c Fu(is)k(enabled,)f
-(the)h(matc)m(h)g(is)150 4882 y(p)s(erformed)e(without)h(regard)h(to)g
+(the)h(matc)m(h)g(is)150 5087 y(p)s(erformed)e(without)h(regard)h(to)g
 (the)f(case)i(of)e(alphab)s(etic)h(c)m(haracters.)275
-5011 y(When)23 b(a)h(pattern)f(is)h(used)f(for)g(\014lename)h
+5230 y(When)23 b(a)h(pattern)f(is)h(used)f(for)g(\014lename)h
 (expansion,)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')f(at)g(the)g(start)g
-(of)g(a)g(\014lename)150 5121 y(or)f(immediately)i(follo)m(wing)g(a)f
+(of)g(a)g(\014lename)150 5340 y(or)f(immediately)i(follo)m(wing)g(a)f
 (slash)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(matc)m(hed)h(explicitly)-8
-b(,)27 b(unless)c(the)g(shell)h(option)g Ft(dotglob)150
-5230 y Fu(is)33 b(set.)51 b(When)33 b(matc)m(hing)h(a)g(\014lename,)h
-(the)e(slash)h(c)m(haracter)h(m)m(ust)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(b)s(e)e(matc)m
-(hed)h(explicitly)-8 b(.)150 5340 y(In)30 b(other)g(cases,)i(the)e(`)p
-Ft(.)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(is)e(not)h(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8
-b(.)p eop end
+b(,)27 b(unless)c(the)g(shell)h(option)g Ft(dotglob)p
+eop end
 %%Page: 31 37
 TeXDict begin 31 36 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
-b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(31)275 299
-y(See)28 b(the)g(description)g(of)g Ft(shopt)e Fu(in)i(Section)g(4.3.2)
-i([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)i(page)g(63,)g(for)f(a)g(descrip-)150
-408 y(tion)j(of)f(the)h Ft(nocaseglob)p Fu(,)d Ft(nullglob)p
-Fu(,)g Ft(failglob)p Fu(,)h(and)g Ft(dotglob)g Fu(options.)275
-548 y(The)j Ft(GLOBIGNORE)f Fu(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariable)34
-b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(restrict)g(the)g(set)f(of)h(\014lenames)
-f(matc)m(hing)i(a)150 657 y(pattern.)k(If)25 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)e
-Fu(is)j(set,)h(eac)m(h)g(matc)m(hing)g(\014lename)f(that)g(also)h(matc)
-m(hes)f(one)g(of)g(the)g(patterns)150 767 y(in)36 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d
-Fu(is)j(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(from)e(the)i(list)f(of)g(matc)m(hes.)59
-b(If)36 b(the)g Ft(nocaseglob)d Fu(option)k(is)f(set,)i(the)150
-876 y(matc)m(hing)i(against)g(the)f(patterns)f(in)h Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d
+b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(31)150 299
+y(is)33 b(set.)51 b(When)33 b(matc)m(hing)h(a)g(\014lename,)h(the)e
+(slash)h(c)m(haracter)h(m)m(ust)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)h
+(explicitly)-8 b(.)150 408 y(In)30 b(other)g(cases,)i(the)e(`)p
+Ft(.)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(is)e(not)h(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8
+b(.)275 536 y(See)28 b(the)g(description)g(of)g Ft(shopt)e
+Fu(in)i(Section)g(4.3.2)i([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)i(page)g(63,)g(for)f
+(a)g(descrip-)150 646 y(tion)j(of)f(the)h Ft(nocaseglob)p
+Fu(,)d Ft(nullglob)p Fu(,)g Ft(failglob)p Fu(,)h(and)g
+Ft(dotglob)g Fu(options.)275 773 y(The)j Ft(GLOBIGNORE)f
+Fu(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(restrict)g
+(the)g(set)f(of)h(\014lenames)f(matc)m(hing)i(a)150 883
+y(pattern.)k(If)25 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)e Fu(is)j(set,)h(eac)m(h)g(matc)m
+(hing)g(\014lename)f(that)g(also)h(matc)m(hes)f(one)g(of)g(the)g
+(patterns)150 992 y(in)36 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(is)j(remo)m(v)m(ed)h
+(from)e(the)i(list)f(of)g(matc)m(hes.)59 b(If)36 b(the)g
+Ft(nocaseglob)d Fu(option)k(is)f(set,)i(the)150 1102
+y(matc)m(hing)i(against)g(the)f(patterns)f(in)h Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d
 Fu(is)j(p)s(erformed)e(without)h(regard)h(to)h(case.)66
-b(The)150 986 y(\014lenames)41 b Ft(.)f Fu(and)g Ft(..)h
+b(The)150 1212 y(\014lenames)41 b Ft(.)f Fu(and)g Ft(..)h
 Fu(are)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(ignored)f(when)f Ft(GLOBIGNORE)e
 Fu(is)i(set)i(and)e(not)h(n)m(ull.)72 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)150
-1096 y(setting)30 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(to)j(a)f(non-n)m(ull)g(v)-5
+1321 y(setting)30 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(to)j(a)f(non-n)m(ull)g(v)-5
 b(alue)30 b(has)f(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)f(enabling)f(the)h
-Ft(dotglob)d Fu(shell)i(option,)150 1205 y(so)j(all)h(other)f
+Ft(dotglob)d Fu(shell)i(option,)150 1431 y(so)j(all)h(other)f
 (\014lenames)g(b)s(eginning)f(with)h(a)g(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')g(will)h(matc)
 m(h.)46 b(T)-8 b(o)32 b(get)h(the)f(old)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)h
-(ignoring)150 1315 y(\014lenames)c(b)s(eginning)f(with)h(a)h(`)p
+(ignoring)150 1540 y(\014lenames)c(b)s(eginning)f(with)h(a)h(`)p
 Ft(.)p Fu(',)f(mak)m(e)h(`)p Ft(.*)p Fu(')f(one)h(of)f(the)g(patterns)g
 (in)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)p Fu(.)37 b(The)29 b Ft(dotglob)150
-1424 y Fu(option)i(is)f(disabled)g(when)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d
-Fu(is)k(unset.)150 1628 y Fk(3.5.8.1)63 b(P)m(attern)40
-b(Matc)m(hing)150 1775 y Fu(An)m(y)24 b(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(app)s
+1650 y Fu(option)i(is)f(disabled)g(when)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d
+Fu(is)k(unset.)150 1835 y Fk(3.5.8.1)63 b(P)m(attern)40
+b(Matc)m(hing)150 1982 y Fu(An)m(y)24 b(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(app)s
 (ears)f(in)g(a)h(pattern,)i(other)e(than)f(the)h(sp)s(ecial)g(pattern)g
-(c)m(haracters)h(describ)s(ed)150 1885 y(b)s(elo)m(w,)31
+(c)m(haracters)h(describ)s(ed)150 2092 y(b)s(elo)m(w,)31
 b(matc)m(hes)g(itself.)42 b(The)29 b Fm(nul)h Fu(c)m(haracter)i(ma)m(y)
 e(not)h(o)s(ccur)f(in)g(a)h(pattern.)40 b(A)31 b(bac)m(kslash)g(escap)s
-(es)150 1994 y(the)38 b(follo)m(wing)g(c)m(haracter;)43
+(es)150 2201 y(the)38 b(follo)m(wing)g(c)m(haracter;)43
 b(the)37 b(escaping)i(bac)m(kslash)e(is)h(discarded)f(when)f(matc)m
-(hing.)63 b(The)36 b(sp)s(ecial)150 2104 y(pattern)30
+(hing.)63 b(The)36 b(sp)s(ecial)150 2311 y(pattern)30
 b(c)m(haracters)i(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)e(quoted)i(if)f(they)h(are)f(to)i(b)s
-(e)d(matc)m(hed)i(literally)-8 b(.)275 2243 y(The)29
+(e)d(matc)m(hed)i(literally)-8 b(.)275 2439 y(The)29
 b(sp)s(ecial)i(pattern)g(c)m(haracters)h(ha)m(v)m(e)f(the)g(follo)m
-(wing)h(meanings:)150 2410 y Ft(*)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)31
+(wing)h(meanings:)150 2584 y Ft(*)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)31
 b(an)m(y)e(string,)h(including)f(the)g(n)m(ull)g(string.)41
 b(When)29 b(the)g Ft(globstar)e Fu(shell)i(option)630
-2519 y(is)37 b(enabled,)h(and)e(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(')h(is)g(used)f(in)g(a)h
+2694 y(is)37 b(enabled,)h(and)e(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(')h(is)g(used)f(in)g(a)h
 (\014lename)g(expansion)g(con)m(text,)j(t)m(w)m(o)e(adjacen)m(t)g(`)p
-Ft(*)p Fu('s)630 2629 y(used)f(as)g(a)h(single)g(pattern)g(will)f(matc)
+Ft(*)p Fu('s)630 2803 y(used)f(as)g(a)h(single)g(pattern)g(will)f(matc)
 m(h)i(all)f(\014les)f(and)g(zero)h(or)g(more)f(directories)i(and)630
-2738 y(sub)s(directories.)g(If)25 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(a)g(`)p
+2913 y(sub)s(directories.)g(If)25 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(a)g(`)p
 Ft(/)p Fu(',)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(adjacen)m(t)h(`)p Ft(*)p Fu('s)e(will)g
-(matc)m(h)h(only)f(directories)630 2848 y(and)k(sub)s(directories.)150
-3012 y Ft(?)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)32 b(an)m(y)f(single)g(c)m(haracter.)
-150 3176 y Ft([...)o(])241 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)27 b(an)m(y)e(one)g(of)g
+(matc)m(h)h(only)f(directories)630 3022 y(and)k(sub)s(directories.)150
+3168 y Ft(?)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)32 b(an)m(y)f(single)g(c)m(haracter.)
+150 3313 y Ft([...)o(])241 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)27 b(an)m(y)e(one)g(of)g
 (the)g(enclosed)g(c)m(haracters.)41 b(A)25 b(pair)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)
-i(separated)e(b)m(y)g(a)630 3286 y(h)m(yphen)k(denotes)i(a)g
+i(separated)e(b)m(y)g(a)630 3423 y(h)m(yphen)k(denotes)i(a)g
 Fr(range)g(expression)p Fu(;)f(an)m(y)h(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(falls)g
-(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(those)g(t)m(w)m(o)630 3395 y(c)m(haracters,)d
+(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(those)g(t)m(w)m(o)630 3533 y(c)m(haracters,)d
 (inclusiv)m(e,)f(using)d(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s(cale's)j(collating)g
-(sequence)e(and)f(c)m(haracter)630 3505 y(set,)31 b(is)f(matc)m(hed.)42
+(sequence)e(and)f(c)m(haracter)630 3642 y(set,)31 b(is)f(matc)m(hed.)42
 b(If)30 b(the)g(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i(follo)m(wing)g(the)e(`)p
 Ft([)p Fu(')h(is)f(a)h(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')f(or)g(a)h(`)p
-Ft(^)p Fu(')g(then)f(an)m(y)630 3614 y(c)m(haracter)c(not)f(enclosed)g
+Ft(^)p Fu(')g(then)f(an)m(y)630 3752 y(c)m(haracter)c(not)f(enclosed)g
 (is)g(matc)m(hed.)40 b(A)25 b(`)p Fq(\000)p Fu(')f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e
-(matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(including)h(it)g(as)g(the)630 3724
+(matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(including)h(it)g(as)g(the)630 3861
 y(\014rst)32 b(or)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)h(in)e(the)g(set.)50
 b(A)33 b(`)p Ft(])p Fu(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)i(b)m(y)f
-(including)g(it)g(as)h(the)630 3834 y(\014rst)25 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)e
+(including)g(it)g(as)h(the)630 3971 y(\014rst)25 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)e
 (the)h(set.)40 b(The)25 b(sorting)h(order)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)h(in)f
-(range)g(expressions)f(is)630 3943 y(determined)h(b)m(y)h(the)g(curren)
+(range)g(expressions)f(is)630 4081 y(determined)h(b)m(y)h(the)g(curren)
 m(t)f(lo)s(cale)j(and)d(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(of)g(the)g
-Ft(LC_COLLATE)d Fu(and)i Ft(LC_ALL)630 4053 y Fu(shell)31
-b(v)-5 b(ariables,)31 b(if)f(set.)630 4190 y(F)-8 b(or)34
+Ft(LC_COLLATE)d Fu(and)i Ft(LC_ALL)630 4190 y Fu(shell)31
+b(v)-5 b(ariables,)31 b(if)f(set.)630 4318 y(F)-8 b(or)34
 b(example,)g(in)f(the)g(default)g(C)f(lo)s(cale,)k(`)p
 Ft([a-dx-z])p Fu(')31 b(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)34 b(to)g(`)p
-Ft([abcdxyz])p Fu('.)630 4299 y(Man)m(y)68 b(lo)s(cales)h(sort)f(c)m
+Ft([abcdxyz])p Fu('.)630 4427 y(Man)m(y)68 b(lo)s(cales)h(sort)f(c)m
 (haracters)h(in)e(dictionary)i(order,)76 b(and)67 b(in)g(these)h(lo)s
-(cales)630 4409 y(`)p Ft([a-dx-z])p Fu(')36 b(is)i(t)m(ypically)i(not)e
+(cales)630 4537 y(`)p Ft([a-dx-z])p Fu(')36 b(is)i(t)m(ypically)i(not)e
 (equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)39 b(to)g(`)p Ft([abcdxyz])p Fu(';)g(it)g(migh)m
-(t)f(b)s(e)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)630 4518 y(to)34 b(`)p
+(t)f(b)s(e)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)630 4647 y(to)34 b(`)p
 Ft([aBbCcDdxXyYz])p Fu(',)c(for)j(example.)49 b(T)-8
 b(o)33 b(obtain)h(the)f(traditional)h(in)m(terpretation)h(of)630
-4628 y(ranges)e(in)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i(expressions,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g
+4756 y(ranges)e(in)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i(expressions,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g
 (force)g(the)g(use)f(of)h(the)g(C)f(lo)s(cale)i(b)m(y)f(setting)630
-4738 y(the)c Ft(LC_COLLATE)e Fu(or)i Ft(LC_ALL)f Fu(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i
+4866 y(the)c Ft(LC_COLLATE)e Fu(or)i Ft(LC_ALL)f Fu(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i
 (v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(to)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(`)p
-Ft(C)p Fu(',)g(or)f(enable)h(the)630 4847 y Ft(globasciiranges)c
-Fu(shell)31 b(option.)630 4984 y(Within)23 b(`)p Ft([)p
+Ft(C)p Fu(',)g(or)f(enable)h(the)630 4975 y Ft(globasciiranges)c
+Fu(shell)31 b(option.)630 5103 y(Within)23 b(`)p Ft([)p
 Fu(')h(and)e(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j Fr(c)m(haracter)g(classes)j
 Fu(can)c(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(using)f(the)i(syn)m(tax)f
-Ft([:)p Fr(class)t Ft(:])p Fu(,)630 5094 y(where)30 b
+Ft([:)p Fr(class)t Ft(:])p Fu(,)630 5212 y(where)30 b
 Fr(class)35 b Fu(is)30 b(one)h(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(classes)f
-(de\014ned)e(in)h(the)h Fm(posix)f Fu(standard:)870 5230
+(de\014ned)e(in)h(the)h Fm(posix)f Fu(standard:)870 5340
 y Ft(alnum)142 b(alpha)g(ascii)f(blank)h(cntrl)g(digit)g(graph)g(lower)
-870 5340 y(print)g(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word)190 b(xdigit)p
-eop end
+p eop end
 %%Page: 32 38
 TeXDict begin 32 37 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
-b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(32)630 299
-y(A)42 b(c)m(haracter)h(class)f(matc)m(hes)h(an)m(y)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)
-s(elonging)f(to)g(that)g(class.)75 b(The)41 b Ft(word)630
-408 y Fu(c)m(haracter)32 b(class)f(matc)m(hes)h(letters,)f(digits,)h
-(and)d(the)i(c)m(haracter)h(`)p Ft(_)p Fu('.)630 545
-y(Within)25 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)i(an)e
-Fr(equiv)-5 b(alence)26 b(class)j Fu(can)24 b(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g
-(using)g(the)g(syn)m(tax)h Ft([=)p Fr(c)6 b Ft(=])p Fu(,)630
-655 y(whic)m(h)29 b(matc)m(hes)i(all)f(c)m(haracters)h(with)e(the)h
-(same)g(collation)h(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(\(as)f(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)630
-765 y(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale\))j(as)d(the)h(c)m(haracter)h
-Fr(c)p Fu(.)630 901 y(Within)22 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p
-Ft(])p Fu(',)j(the)d(syn)m(tax)h Ft([.)p Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)t
-Ft(.])e Fu(matc)m(hes)i(the)g(collating)i(sym)m(b)s(ol)d
-Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)p Fu(.)275 1068 y(If)29 b(the)g Ft(extglob)f
-Fu(shell)h(option)h(is)g(enabled)f(using)g(the)h Ft(shopt)e
-Fu(builtin,)h(sev)m(eral)i(extended)f(pattern)150 1178
-y(matc)m(hing)37 b(op)s(erators)e(are)h(recognized.)58
+b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(32)870 299
+y Ft(print)142 b(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word)190 b(xdigit)630
+430 y Fu(A)42 b(c)m(haracter)h(class)f(matc)m(hes)h(an)m(y)f(c)m
+(haracter)h(b)s(elonging)f(to)g(that)g(class.)75 b(The)41
+b Ft(word)630 539 y Fu(c)m(haracter)32 b(class)f(matc)m(hes)h(letters,)
+f(digits,)h(and)d(the)i(c)m(haracter)h(`)p Ft(_)p Fu('.)630
+670 y(Within)25 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p
+Fu(',)i(an)e Fr(equiv)-5 b(alence)26 b(class)j Fu(can)24
+b(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(using)g(the)g(syn)m(tax)h
+Ft([=)p Fr(c)6 b Ft(=])p Fu(,)630 780 y(whic)m(h)29 b(matc)m(hes)i(all)
+f(c)m(haracters)h(with)e(the)h(same)g(collation)h(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(\(as)f
+(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)630 890 y(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale\))j(as)d(the)
+h(c)m(haracter)h Fr(c)p Fu(.)630 1021 y(Within)22 b(`)p
+Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j(the)d(syn)m(tax)h
+Ft([.)p Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)t Ft(.])e Fu(matc)m(hes)i(the)g(collating)i
+(sym)m(b)s(ol)d Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)p Fu(.)275 1173 y(If)29
+b(the)g Ft(extglob)f Fu(shell)h(option)h(is)g(enabled)f(using)g(the)h
+Ft(shopt)e Fu(builtin,)h(sev)m(eral)i(extended)f(pattern)150
+1283 y(matc)m(hing)37 b(op)s(erators)e(are)h(recognized.)58
 b(In)35 b(the)g(follo)m(wing)i(description,)g(a)f Fr(pattern-list)j
-Fu(is)d(a)g(list)g(of)150 1287 y(one)d(or)f(more)h(patterns)f
+Fu(is)d(a)g(list)g(of)150 1392 y(one)d(or)f(more)h(patterns)f
 (separated)h(b)m(y)f(a)h(`)p Ft(|)p Fu('.)47 b(Comp)s(osite)33
 b(patterns)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)d(formed)h(using)g(one)h(or)150
-1397 y(more)e(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)g(sub-patterns:)150
-1564 y Ft(?\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 1673 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h
+1502 y(more)e(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)g(sub-patterns:)150
+1654 y Ft(?\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 1764 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h
 (zero)f(or)g(one)f(o)s(ccurrence)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)150
-1837 y Ft(*\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 1947 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h
+1916 y Ft(*\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2026 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h
 (zero)f(or)g(more)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)
-150 2111 y Ft(+\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2221
+150 2178 y Ft(+\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2288
 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(one)f(or)f(more)h(o)s(ccurrences)f(of)h(the)f(giv)m
-(en)i(patterns.)150 2385 y Ft(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)p
-Ft(\))630 2495 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)
-150 2659 y Ft(!\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2769
+(en)i(patterns.)150 2440 y Ft(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)p
+Ft(\))630 2550 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)
+150 2702 y Ft(!\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2811
 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(an)m(ything)f(except)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g
-(patterns.)150 2973 y Fk(3.5.9)63 b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7
-b(al)150 3120 y Fu(After)32 b(the)g(preceding)g(expansions,)h(all)f
+(patterns.)150 3004 y Fk(3.5.9)63 b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7
+b(al)150 3151 y Fu(After)32 b(the)g(preceding)g(expansions,)h(all)f
 (unquoted)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p
 Ft(\\)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(')p Fu(',)f(and)g(`)p Ft(")p Fu(')150
-3229 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m
-(e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 3477 y Fs(3.6)68
-b(Redirections)150 3637 y Fu(Before)32 b(a)f(command)f(is)h(executed,)h
+3260 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m
+(e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 3494 y Fs(3.6)68
+b(Redirections)150 3653 y Fu(Before)32 b(a)f(command)f(is)h(executed,)h
 (its)f(input)e(and)h(output)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f Fr(redirected)k
-Fu(using)c(a)i(sp)s(ecial)f(no-)150 3746 y(tation)d(in)m(terpreted)f(b)
+Fu(using)c(a)i(sp)s(ecial)f(no-)150 3763 y(tation)d(in)m(terpreted)f(b)
 m(y)f(the)h(shell.)40 b(Redirection)27 b(allo)m(ws)h(commands')f
-(\014le)f(handles)g(to)i(b)s(e)e(duplicated,)150 3856
+(\014le)f(handles)g(to)i(b)s(e)e(duplicated,)150 3873
 y(op)s(ened,)i(closed,)i(made)e(to)h(refer)f(to)h(di\013eren)m(t)f
 (\014les,)h(and)f(can)g(c)m(hange)h(the)g(\014les)f(the)g(command)g
-(reads)150 3965 y(from)39 b(and)g(writes)h(to.)69 b(Redirection)40
+(reads)150 3982 y(from)39 b(and)g(writes)h(to.)69 b(Redirection)40
 b(ma)m(y)g(also)h(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)h(mo)s(dify)f(\014le)g(handles)g
-(in)g(the)h(curren)m(t)150 4075 y(shell)e(execution)h(en)m(vironmen)m
+(in)g(the)h(curren)m(t)150 4092 y(shell)e(execution)h(en)m(vironmen)m
 (t.)65 b(The)37 b(follo)m(wing)j(redirection)f(op)s(erators)f(ma)m(y)g
-(precede)h(or)f(app)s(ear)150 4185 y(an)m(ywhere)30 b(within)f(a)h
+(precede)h(or)f(app)s(ear)150 4201 y(an)m(ywhere)30 b(within)f(a)h
 (simple)f(command)h(or)f(ma)m(y)i(follo)m(w)g(a)f(command.)40
-b(Redirections)30 b(are)g(pro)s(cessed)150 4294 y(in)g(the)h(order)f
+b(Redirections)30 b(are)g(pro)s(cessed)150 4311 y(in)g(the)h(order)f
 (they)g(app)s(ear,)g(from)g(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)275
-4434 y(Eac)m(h)45 b(redirection)h(that)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(preceded)g(b)
+4442 y(Eac)m(h)45 b(redirection)h(that)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(preceded)g(b)
 m(y)h(a)h(\014le)f(descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(ma)m(y)h(instead)h(b)
-s(e)150 4543 y(preceded)41 b(b)m(y)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(of)g(the)h(form)f
+s(e)150 4551 y(preceded)41 b(b)m(y)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(of)g(the)h(form)f
 Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(.)74 b(In)41 b(this)g(case,)k
-(for)c(eac)m(h)i(redirection)f(op)s(erator)150 4653 y(except)30
+(for)c(eac)m(h)i(redirection)f(op)s(erator)150 4661 y(except)30
 b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)f(and)f Ft(<)p Fu(&-,)h(the)g(shell)g(will)h(allo)s
 (cate)h(a)e(\014le)h(descriptor)e(greater)j(than)d(10)i(and)e(assign)i
-(it)f(to)150 4762 y Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p
+(it)f(to)150 4771 y Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p
 Fu(.)45 b(If)31 b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)g(or)h Ft(<)p Fu(&-)f(is)h(preceded)f(b)
 m(y)g Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(,)33 b(the)f(v)-5
 b(alue)32 b(of)g Fr(v)-5 b(arname)36 b Fu(de\014nes)31
-b(the)h(\014le)150 4872 y(descriptor)e(to)h(close.)275
+b(the)h(\014le)150 4880 y(descriptor)e(to)h(close.)275
 5011 y(In)c(the)i(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)g(if)e(the)h(\014le)g
 (descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(is)g(omitted,)i(and)f(the)f(\014rst)g
 (c)m(har-)150 5121 y(acter)42 b(of)f(the)g(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
 of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
 for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.

-Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

@quotation
 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@@ -2368,6 +2368,9 @@ null argument results and is retained
 and passed to a command as an empty string.
 When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
 non-null, the null argument is removed.
+That is, the word
+@code{-d''} becomes @code{-d} after word splitting and
+null argument removal.

 Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
 is performed.
@@ -4361,9 +4364,13 @@ read [-ers] [-a @var{aname}] [-d @var{delim}] [-i @var{text}] [-n @var{nchars}]
@end example

 One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
-@var{fd} supplied as an argument to the @option{-u} option, and the first word
+@var{fd} supplied as an argument to the @option{-u} option,
+split into words as described above in @ref{Word Splitting},
+and the first word
 is assigned to the first @var{name}, the second word to the second @var{name},
-and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned
+and so on.
+If there are more words than names,
+the remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned
 to the last @var{name}.
 If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names,
 the remaining names are assigned empty values.
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 %!PS-Adobe-3.0
 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3
-%%CreationDate: Wed Jan 20 13:58:55 2016
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jan 25 10:12:22 2016
 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
 %%+ font Times-Bold
 %%+ font Times-Italic
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 %!PS-Adobe-3.0
 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3
-%%CreationDate: Wed Jan 20 13:58:56 2016
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jan 25 10:12:22 2016
 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
 %%+ font Times-Bold
 %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
@ignore
-Copyright (C) 1988-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore

-@set LASTCHANGE Mon Nov 16 10:54:23 EST 2015
+@set LASTCHANGE Wed Jan 27 14:48:34 EST 2016

@set EDITION 4.4
@set VERSION 4.4

-@set UPDATED 16 November 2015
-@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2015
+@set UPDATED 27 January 2016
+@set UPDATED-MONTH January 2016