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bash-4.3-alpha release

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Chet Ramey
2013-03-26 21:32:43 -04:00
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This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-alpha,
and the previous version, bash-4.2-release.
1. Changes to Bash
a. Fixed several bugs concerning incomplete bracket expressions in filename
generation (globbing) patterns.
b. Fixed a bug with single quotes and WORD in ${param op WORD} when running
in Posix mode.
c. Fixed a bug that caused the pattern removal and pattern substitution word
expansions and case statement word expansion to not match the empty string.
d. Fixed a bug that caused the tzset() function to not work after changing
the TZ enviroment variable.
e. Fixed a bug that caused the RHS of an assignment statement to undergo
word splitting when it contained an unquoted $@.
f. Fixed bugs that caused the shell to not react to a SIGINT sent while
waiting for a child process to exit.
g. Bash doesn't try to run things in a signal handler context when it gets a
signal (SIGINT/SIGHUP/etc) while reading input using readline but still
be responsive to terminating signals.
h. Fixed a bug that caused bash to go into an infinite loop if a filename
to be matched contained an invalid multibyte character.
i. Fixed a bug that caused PS4 to end up being truncated if it is longer
than 128 bytes.
j. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to not skip over double-quoted
command substitution.
k. System-specific updates for: DJGPP, HP/UX, Mac OS X
l. Fixed a bug in displaying commands that caused redirections to be associated
with the wrong part of the command.
m. Fixed the coproc cleanup to unset the appropriate shell variables when a
coproc terminates.
n. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to dump core due to incorrect calculation of
the last history entry.
o. Added workarounds for FreeBSD's implementation of faccessat/eaccess and
`test -x'.
p. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not match patterns containing
control-A.
q. Fixed a bug that could result in doubled error messages when the `printf'
builtin got a write error.
r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly expand words containing
multiple consecutive quoted empty strings (""""""aa).
s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly parse multi-line
process substitutions containing comments and quoted strings.
t. Fixed a problem with the bash malloc's internal idea of the top of the
memory heap that resulted in incorrect decisions to try to reduce the
break and give memory back to the kernel.
u. There are changes to the expansions peformed on compound array assignments,
in an effort to make foo=( [ind1]=bar [ind2]=baz ) identical to
foo[ind1]=bar foo[ind2]=baz.
v. Bash now reports an error if `read -a name' is used when `name' is an
existing associative array.
w. Fixed a bug that allowed an attempted assignment to a readonly variable
in an arithmetic expression to not return failure.
x. Fixed several bugs that caused completion functions to be invoked even when
the cursor was before the first word in the command.
y. Fixed a bug that caused parsing a command substitution to overwrite the
parsing state associated with the complete input line.
z. Fixed several bugs with the built-in snprintf replacement and field widths
and floating point.
aa. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect offset calculations and input buffer
corruption when reading files longer than 2^31 bytes.
bb. Fixed several bugs where bash performed arithmetic evaluation in contexts
where evaluation is suppressed.
cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close FIFOs used for process substitution
too early when a shell function was executing, but protect against using
all file descriptors when the shell functions are invoked inside loops.
dd. Added checks for printable (and non-printable) multibyte characters for
use in error messages.
ee. Fixed a bug that caused ^O (operate-and-get-next) to not work correctly
at the end of the history list.
ff. Fixed a bug that caused command-oriented history to incorrectly combine
here documents into one line.
gg. Fixed a bug that caused importing SHELLOPTS from the environment into a
Posix-mode shell to print an error message and refuse to parse it.
hh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to delete an extra history entry when
using `history -s'.
ii. Fixed a bug that caused floating-point exceptions and overflow errors
for the / and % arithmetic operators when using INTMAX_MIN and -1.
jj. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when reading an arithmetic for
loop inside a command substitution.
kk. Fixed a bug that caused a readonly function to be unset when unset was
called without the -f or -v option.
ll. Fixed several bugs in the code that quotes characters special to regular
expressions when used in a quoted string on the RHS of the =~ operator
to the [[ command.
mm. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to fail because the file descriptor
limit was set to a value less than 10.
nn. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to execute code in a signal
handler context if read timed out.
oo. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns to not match files
beginning with `.' correctly when a `.' was explicitly supplied in the
pattern.
pp. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences longer than two characters to not
work when used with `bind -x'.
qq. Fixed a bug that resulted in redefined functions having the wrong source
file names in BASH_SOURCE.
rr. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to assign null strings to variables
when using `read -N', which caused core dumps when referenced
ss. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -m script' to not enable job control while
running the script.
tt. Fixed a bug that caused `printf -v var' to dump core when used with the
%b format code.
uu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong status if -e was
active and the shell exited on a substitution error.
vv. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if an array variable with
the same name as an existing associative array was implicitly created by
an assignment (declare a[n]=b).
ww. Fixed a bug that caused a redirection to misbehave if the number specified
for a file descriptor overflows an intmax_t.
xx. Fixed several bugs with the handling of valid and invalid unicode character
values when used with the \u and \U escape sequences to printf and $'...'.
yy. Fixed a bug that caused tildes to not be escaped in expanded filenames,
making them subject to later expansion.
zz. When using the pattern substitution word expansion, bash now runs the
replacement string through quote removal, since it allows quotes in that
string to act as escape characters. This is not backwards compatible, so
it can be disabled by setting the bash compatibility mode to 4.2.
aaa. Fixed the rest of the cases where the shell runs non-allowed code in a
signal handler context.
bbb. Fixed a bug that caused spurious DEL characters (\177) to appear in
double-quoted expansion where the RHS is evaluated to the empty string.
ccc. Fixed a bug that caused the use of the shell's internal random number
generator for temporary file names to perturb the random number
sequence.
ddd. Fixed several bugs that caused `declare -g' to not set the right global
variables or to misbehave when declaring global indexed arrays.
eee. Fixed a logic bug that caused extended globbing in a multibyte locale to
cause failures when using the pattern substititution word expansions.
fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `lastpipe' option to corrupt the file
descriptor used to read the script.
ggg. Fixed a bug that causes the shell to delete DEL characters in the
expanded value of variables used in the same quoted string as variables
that expand to nothing.
hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to assign the wrong value from an
assignment like (( x=7 )) when `x' was an existing array variable.
iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to misbehave when generating sequences
and the boundary values overflow an intmax_t.
jjj. Fixed a bug caused expansion errors if an expansion of "$@" appeared
next to another expansion (e.g.. "${@}${x}").
kkk. Fixed a potential buffer overflow bug when performing /dev/fd expansion.
lll. Fixed a bug that resulted in an extra semicolon being added to compound
assignments when they were added to the history list.
mmm. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to read one extra line from the input.
nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the mail checking code to use uninitialized
values.
ooo. Fixed a bug that prevented history timestamps from being saved if the
history comment character is unset.
ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the case-modifying expansions to not work with
multibyte characters.
qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the edit-and-execute bindable readline command
to see the wrong data if invoked in the middle of a multi-line quoted
string.
rrr. Fixed a bug that resulted in the shell returning the wrong exit status
for a background command on systems that recycle PIDs very quickly.
sss. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous group commands to not run any EXIT
trap defined in the body of the command.
ttt. Fixed a bug that caused `eval "... ; return"' to not clean up properly.
uuu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if `read' reads an escaped
IFS whitespace character.
vvv. Fixed a bug that caused BASH_COMMAND to be set to an incorrect value when
executing a (...) subshell.
www. Fixed a couple of pointer aliasing bugs with the token string in arithmetic
evaluation.
xxx. Fixed a bug with parsing multi-line command substitutions when reading
the `do' keyword followed by whitespace.
yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if the time given to the
printf %(...)T format overflowed the value accepted by localtime(3).
zzz. Fixed a problem with displaying help topics in two columns when the
translated text contained multibyte characters.
aaaa. Fixed a bug with the extended globbing pattern matcher where a `*' was
followed by a negated extended glob pattern.
bbbb. Fixed a race condition with short-lived coproc creation and reaping that
caused the child process to be reaped before the various coproc shell
variables were initialized.
cccc. Fixed a bug where turning off `errexit' in command substitution subshells
was not reflected in $SHELLOPTS.
dddd. Partially fixed an inconsistency in how the shell treated shell
functions run from an EXIT trap.
eeee. Fixed a bug in how the shell invalidated FIFOs used for process
substitution when executing a pipeline (once rather than in every child).
ffff. Fixed a bug that occurred when expanding a special variable ($@, $*)
within double quotes and the expansion resulted in an empty string.
gggg. Fixed bugs with executing a SIGCHLD trap handler to make sure that it's
executed once per exited child.
hhhh. Fixed a bug that caused `declare' and `test' to find variables that
had been given attributes but not assigned values. Such variables are
not set.
iiii. Fixed a bug that caused commands in process substitutions to not look in
the local temporary environment when performing word expansions.
jjjj. Fixed several problems with globstar expansions (**/**) returning null
filenames and multiple instances of the same pathname.
kkkk. Fixed an oversight that did not allow the exit status of `coproc' to
be inverted using `!'.
llll. Fixed a bug that caused the -e option to be re-enabled using `set -e'
even when executing in a context where -e is ignored.
mmmm. Fixed a (mostly theoretical) bug with input lines longer than SIZE_MAX.
nnnn. Fixed a bug that could result in double evaluation of command
substitutions when they appear in failed redirections.
oooo. Fixed a bug that could cause seg faults during `mapfile' callbacks if
the callback unsets the array variable mapfile is using.
pppp. Fixed several problems with variable assignments using ${var:=value}
when the variable assignment is supposed to have side effects.
qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused a failure of an assignment statement preceding a
builtin caused the next invocation of a special builtin to exit the shell.
rrrr. Fixed several problems with IFS when it appears in the temporary environment
and is used in redirections.
ssss. Fixed a problem that caused IFS changes using ${IFS:=value} to modify
how preceding expansions were split.
tttt. Fixed a problem that caused subshells to not run an EXIT trap they set.
uuuu. Fixed a problem that caused shells started in posix mode to attempt to
import shell functions with invalid names from the environment. We now
print a warning.
vvvv. Worked around a kernel problem that caused SIGCHLD to interrupt open(2)
on a FIFO used for process substitution, even if the SIGCHLD handler was
installed with the SA_RESTART flag.
wwww. Fixed a problem that resulted in inconsistent expansion of $* and ${a[*]}.
xxxx. Fixed a problem that caused `read -t' to crash when interrupted by
SIGINT.
yyyy. Fixed a problem that caused pattern removal to fail randomly because the
pattern matcher read beyond the end of a string.
zzzz. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when shell functions tried to create
local shadow copies of special variables like GROUPS.
aaaaa. Fixed a bug that caused SIGTERM to be occasionally lost by children of
interactive shells when it arrived before the child process reset the
handler from SIG_DFL.
bbbbb. Fixed a bug that caused redirections like <&n- to leave file descriptor
n closed if executed with a builtin command.
ccccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect completion quoting when completing a
word containing a globbing character with `show-all-if-ambiguous' set.
2. Changes to Readline
a. Fixed a bug that did not allow the `dd', `cc', or `yy' vi editing mode
commands to work on the entire line.
b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay problems with prompts longer than 128
characters and history searches.
c. Fixed a bug that caused readline to try and run code to modify its idea
of the screen size in a signal handler context upon receiving a SIGWINCH.
d. Fixed a bug that caused the `meta' key to be enabled beyond the duration
of an individual call top readline().
e. Added a workaround for a wcwidth bug in Mac OS X that caused readline's
redisplay to mishandle zero-width combining characters.
f. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when
a multiple-key sequence caused it to break out of an incremental search.
g. Fixed bugs that caused readline to execute code in a signal handler
context if interrupted while reading from the file system during completion.
h. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when
reading an unbound multi-character key sequence.
i. Fixed a bug that caused Readline's signal handlers to be installed beyond
the bounds of a single call to readline().
j. Fixed a bug that caused the `.' command to not redo the most recent `R'
command in vi mode.
k. Fixed a bug that caused ignoring case in completion matches to result in
readline using the wrong match.
l. Paren matching now works in vi insert mode.
m. Fix menu-completion to make show-all-if-ambiguous and menu-complete-display-prefix
work together.
n. Fixed a bug that didn't allow the `cc', `dd', or `yy' commands to be redone
in vi editing mode.
o. Fixed a bug that caused the filename comparison code to not compare
multibyte characters correctly when using case-sensitive or case-mapping
comparisons.
p. Fixed the input reading loop to call the input hook function only when there
is no terminal input available.
q. Fixed a bug that caused binding a macro to a multi-character key sequence
where the sequence and macro value share a common prefix to not perform
the macro replacement.
r. Fixed several redisplay errors with multibyte characters and prompts
containing invisible characters when using horizontal scrolling.
s. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when trying to overwrite
existing characters using multibyte characters.
3. New Features in Bash
a. The `helptopic' completion action now maps to all the help topics, not just
the shell builtins.
b. The `help' builtin no longer does prefix substring matching, so `help read'
does not match `readonly'.
c. The shell can be compiled to not display a message about processes that
terminate due to SIGTERM.
d. Non-interactive shells now react to the setting of checkwinsize and set
LINES and COLUMNS after a foreground job exits.
e. There is a new shell option, `globasciiranges', which, when set to on,
forces globbing range comparisons to use character ordering as if they
were run in the C locale.
f. There is a new shell option, `direxpand', which makes filename completion
expand variables in directory names in the way bash-4.1 did.
g. In Posix mode, the `command' builtin does not change whether or not a
builtin it shadows is treated as an assignment builtin.
h. The `return' and `exit' builtins accept negative exit status arguments.
i. The word completion code checks whether or not a filename containing a
shell variable expands to a directory name and appends `/' to the word
as appropriate. The same code expands shell variables in command names
when performing command completion.
j. In Posix mode, it is now an error to attempt to define a shell function
with the same name as a Posix special builtin.
k. When compiled for strict Posix conformance, history expansion is disabled
by default.
l. The history expansion character (!) does not cause history expansion when
followed by the closing quote in a double-quoted string.
m. `complete' and its siblings compgen/compopt now takes a new `-o noquote'
option to inhibit quoting of the completions.
n. Setting HISTSIZE to a value less than zero causes the history list to be
unlimited (setting it 0 zero disables the history list).
o. Setting HISTFILESIZE to a value less than zero causes the history file size
to be unlimited (setting it to 0 causes the history file to be truncated
to zero size).
p. The `read' builtin now skips NUL bytes in the input.
q. There is a new `bind -X' option to print all key sequences bound to Unix
commands.
r. When in Posix mode, `read' is interruptible by a trapped signal. After
running the trap handler, read returns 128+signal and throws away any
partially-read input.
s. The command completion code skips whitespace and assignment statements
before looking for the command name word to be completed.
t. The build process has a new mechanism for constructing separate help files
that better reflects the current set of compilation options.
u. The -nt and -ot options to test now work with files with nanosecond
timestamp resolution.
v. The shell saves the command history in any shell for which history is
enabled and HISTFILE is set, not just interactive shells.
w. The shell has `nameref' variables and new -n(/+n) options to declare and
unset to use them, and a `test -R' option to test for them.
x. The shell now allows assigning, referencing, and unsetting elements of
indexed arrays using negative subscripts (a[-1]=2, echo ${a[-1]}) which
count back from the last element of the array.
y. The {x}<word redirection feature now allows words like {array[ind]} and
can use variables with special meanings to the shell (e.g., BASH_XTRACEFD).
z. There is a new CHILD_MAX special shell variable; its value controls the
number of exited child statues the shell remembers.
aa. There is a new configuration option (--enable-direxpand-default) that
causes the `direxpand' shell option to be enabled by default.
bb. Bash does not do anything special to ensure that the file descriptor
assigned to X in {x}<foo remains open after the block containing it
completes.
cc. The `wait' builtin has a new `-n' option to wait for the next child to
change status.
dd. The `printf' %(...)T format specifier now uses the current time if no
argument is supplied.
ee. There is a new variable, BASH_COMPAT, that controls the current shell
compatibility level.
ff. The `popd' builtin now treats additional arguments as errors.
gg. The brace expansion code now treats a failed sequence expansion as a
simple string and will continue to expand brace terms in the remainder
of the word.
4. New Features in Readline
a. Readline is now more responsive to SIGHUP and other fatal signals when
reading input from the terminal or performing word completion but no
longer attempts to run any not-allowable functions from a signal handler
context.
b. There are new bindable commands to search the history for the string of
characters between the beginning of the line and the point
(history-substring-search-forward, history-substring-search-backward)
c. Readline allows quoted strings as the values of variables when setting
them with `set'. As a side effect, trailing spaces and tabs are ignored
when setting a string variable's value.
d. The history library creates a backup of the history file when writing it
and restores the backup on a write error.
e. New application-settable variable: rl_filename_stat_hook: a function called
with a filename before using it in a call to stat(2). Bash uses it to
expand shell variables so things like $HOME/Downloads have a slash
appended.
f. New bindable function `print-last-kbd-macro', prints the most-recently-
defined keyboard macro in a reusable format.
g. New user-settable variable `colored-stats', enables use of colored text
to denote file types when displaying possible completions (colored analog
of visible-stats).
h. New user-settable variable `keyseq-timout', acts as an inter-character
timeout when reading input or incremental search strings.
i. New application-callable function: rl_clear_history. Clears the history list
and frees all readline-associated private data.
j. New user-settable variable, show-mode-in-prompt, adds a characters to the
beginning of the prompt indicating the current editing mode.
k. New application-settable variable: rl_input_available_hook; function to be
called when readline detects there is data available on its input file
descriptor.
l. Readline calls an application-set event hook (rl_event_hook) after it gets
a signal while reading input (read returns -1/EINTR but readline does not
handle the signal immediately) to allow the application to handle or
otherwise note it.
m. If the user-settable variable `history-size' is set to a value less than
0, the history list size is unlimited.
n. New application-settable variable: rl_signal_event_hook; function that is
called when readline is reading terminal input and read(2) is interrupted
by a signal. Currently not called for SIGHUP or SIGTERM.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-release,
and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc2.
COMPAT
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====================================
This document details the incompatibilities between this version of bash,
bash-4.2, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-2.x (which is
still the `standard' version for a few Linux distributions) and bash-3.x.
These were discovered by users of bash-2.x through 4.x, so this list is not
bash-4.3, and the previous widely-available version, bash-3.x (which is
still the `standard' version for a few Linux distributions). These were
discovered by users of bash-2.x through 4.x, so this list is not
comprehensive. Some of these incompatibilities occur between the current
version and versions 2.0 and above.
CWRU/changelog
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CWRU.chlog
CWRU/changelog
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Makefile.in
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# Makefile for bash-4.2, version 4.9
# Makefile for bash-4.3, version 4.10
#
# Copyright (C) 1996-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
NEWS
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This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.3 since
the release of bash-4.2. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
the place to look for complete descriptions.
1. New Features in Bash
a. The `helptopic' completion action now maps to all the help topics, not just
the shell builtins.
b. The `help' builtin no longer does prefix substring matching, so `help read'
does not match `readonly'.
c. The shell can be compiled to not display a message about processes that
terminate due to SIGTERM.
d. Non-interactive shells now react to the setting of checkwinsize and set
LINES and COLUMNS after a foreground job exits.
e. There is a new shell option, `globasciiranges', which, when set to on,
forces globbing range comparisons to use character ordering as if they
were run in the C locale.
f. There is a new shell option, `direxpand', which makes filename completion
expand variables in directory names in the way bash-4.1 did.
g. In Posix mode, the `command' builtin does not change whether or not a
builtin it shadows is treated as an assignment builtin.
h. The `return' and `exit' builtins accept negative exit status arguments.
i. The word completion code checks whether or not a filename containing a
shell variable expands to a directory name and appends `/' to the word
as appropriate. The same code expands shell variables in command names
when performing command completion.
j. In Posix mode, it is now an error to attempt to define a shell function
with the same name as a Posix special builtin.
k. When compiled for strict Posix conformance, history expansion is disabled
by default.
l. The history expansion character (!) does not cause history expansion when
followed by the closing quote in a double-quoted string.
m. `complete' and its siblings compgen/compopt now takes a new `-o noquote'
option to inhibit quoting of the completions.
n. Setting HISTSIZE to a value less than zero causes the history list to be
unlimited (setting it 0 zero disables the history list).
o. Setting HISTFILESIZE to a value less than zero causes the history file size
to be unlimited (setting it to 0 causes the history file to be truncated
to zero size).
p. The `read' builtin now skips NUL bytes in the input.
q. There is a new `bind -X' option to print all key sequences bound to Unix
commands.
r. When in Posix mode, `read' is interruptible by a trapped signal. After
running the trap handler, read returns 128+signal and throws away any
partially-read input.
s. The command completion code skips whitespace and assignment statements
before looking for the command name word to be completed.
t. The build process has a new mechanism for constructing separate help files
that better reflects the current set of compilation options.
u. The -nt and -ot options to test now work with files with nanosecond
timestamp resolution.
v. The shell saves the command history in any shell for which history is
enabled and HISTFILE is set, not just interactive shells.
w. The shell has `nameref' variables and new -n(/+n) options to declare and
unset to use them, and a `test -R' option to test for them.
x. The shell now allows assigning, referencing, and unsetting elements of
indexed arrays using negative subscripts (a[-1]=2, echo ${a[-1]}) which
count back from the last element of the array.
y. The {x}<word redirection feature now allows words like {array[ind]} and
can use variables with special meanings to the shell (e.g., BASH_XTRACEFD).
z. There is a new CHILD_MAX special shell variable; its value controls the
number of exited child statues the shell remembers.
aa. There is a new configuration option (--enable-direxpand-default) that
causes the `direxpand' shell option to be enabled by default.
bb. Bash does not do anything special to ensure that the file descriptor
assigned to X in {x}<foo remains open after the block containing it
completes.
cc. The `wait' builtin has a new `-n' option to wait for the next child to
change status.
dd. The `printf' %(...)T format specifier now uses the current time if no
argument is supplied.
ee. There is a new variable, BASH_COMPAT, that controls the current shell
compatibility level.
ff. The `popd' builtin now treats additional arguments as errors.
gg. The brace expansion code now treats a failed sequence expansion as a
simple string and will continue to expand brace terms in the remainder
of the word.
2. New Features in Readline
a. Readline is now more responsive to SIGHUP and other fatal signals when
reading input from the terminal or performing word completion but no
longer attempts to run any not-allowable functions from a signal handler
context.
b. There are new bindable commands to search the history for the string of
characters between the beginning of the line and the point
(history-substring-search-forward, history-substring-search-backward)
c. Readline allows quoted strings as the values of variables when setting
them with `set'. As a side effect, trailing spaces and tabs are ignored
when setting a string variable's value.
d. The history library creates a backup of the history file when writing it
and restores the backup on a write error.
e. New application-settable variable: rl_filename_stat_hook: a function called
with a filename before using it in a call to stat(2). Bash uses it to
expand shell variables so things like $HOME/Downloads have a slash
appended.
f. New bindable function `print-last-kbd-macro', prints the most-recently-
defined keyboard macro in a reusable format.
g. New user-settable variable `colored-stats', enables use of colored text
to denote file types when displaying possible completions (colored analog
of visible-stats).
h. New user-settable variable `keyseq-timout', acts as an inter-character
timeout when reading input or incremental search strings.
i. New application-callable function: rl_clear_history. Clears the history list
and frees all readline-associated private data.
j. New user-settable variable, show-mode-in-prompt, adds a characters to the
beginning of the prompt indicating the current editing mode.
k. New application-settable variable: rl_input_available_hook; function to be
called when readline detects there is data available on its input file
descriptor.
l. Readline calls an application-set event hook (rl_event_hook) after it gets
a signal while reading input (read returns -1/EINTR but readline does not
handle the signal immediately) to allow the application to handle or
otherwise note it.
m. If the user-settable variable `history-size' is set to a value less than
0, the history list size is unlimited.
n. New application-settable variable: rl_signal_event_hook; function that is
called when readline is reading terminal input and read(2) is interrupted
by a signal. Currently not called for SIGHUP or SIGTERM.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.2 since
the release of bash-4.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
the place to look for complete descriptions.
NOTES
+2 -1
View File
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Platform-Specific Configuration and Operation Notes
alpha running OSF/1, Linux, or NetBSD (malloc needs 8-byte alignment;
bash malloc has 8-byte alignment now, but I have no alphas to test on)
next running NeXT/OS
next running NeXT/OS; machines running Openstep
all machines running SunOS YP code: SunOS4, SunOS5, HP/UX, if you
have problems with username completion or tilde expansion for
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Platform-Specific Configuration and Operation Notes
sparc SVR4, SVR4.2 (ICL reference port)
DG/UX
Cray
Haiku OS
NetBSD/sparc (malloc needs 8-byte alignment; bash malloc has 8-byte
alignment now, but I have no NetBSD machines to test on)
builtins/declare.def
+6 -1
View File
@@ -306,13 +306,16 @@ declare_internal (list, local_var)
that is specific to nameref variables. */
if (flags_on & att_nameref)
{
#if defined (ARRAY_VARIABLES)
if (valid_array_reference (name))
{
builtin_error (_("%s: reference variable cannot be an array"), name);
assign_error++;
NEXT_VARIABLE ();
}
else if (STREQ (name, value))
else
#endif
if (STREQ (name, value))
{
builtin_error (_("%s: nameref variable self references not allowed"), name);
assign_error++;
@@ -600,10 +603,12 @@ declare_internal (list, local_var)
using a single typeset command. */
onref = (flags_on & att_nameref);
flags_on &= ~att_nameref;
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
if (array_p (var) || assoc_p (var)
|| (offset && compound_array_assign)
|| simple_array_assign)
onref = 0; /* array variables may not be namerefs */
#endif
/* ksh93 seems to do this */
offref = (flags_off & att_nameref);
doc/-i
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doc/.gitignore
+2
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@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
# don't push out -i
-i
doc/FAQ-2.05a
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doc/Makefile
-1
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current/doc/Makefile
doc/Makefile.tmp
-294
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@@ -1,294 +0,0 @@
# This Makefile is for the Bash/documentation directory -*- text -*-.
#
# Copyright (C) 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
# any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
PACKAGE = bash
VERSION = 3.2-maint
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT = bug-bash@gnu.org
PACKAGE_NAME = bash
PACKAGE_STRING = bash 3.2-maint
PACKAGE_VERSION = 3.2-maint
#
SHELL = /bin/sh
RM = rm -f
topdir = /Users/chet/src/bash/src
srcdir = /Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc
VPATH = .:/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc
prefix = /usr/local
exec_prefix = ${prefix}
infodir = ${prefix}/share/info
# set this to a directory name to have the HTML files installed
htmldir = ${docdir}
# Support an alternate destination root directory for package building
DESTDIR =
mandir = ${prefix}/share/man
manpfx = man
man1ext = .1
man1dir = $(mandir)/$(manpfx)1
man3ext = .3
man3dir = $(mandir)/$(manpfx)3
INSTALL = /usr/bin/install -c
INSTALL_DATA = ${INSTALL} -m 644
BUILD_DIR = /usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current
SUPPORT_SRCDIR = $(topdir)/support
# bad style
RL_LIBDIR = $(topdir)/lib/readline
# unused
TEXINDEX = texindex
TEX = tex
MAKEINFO = makeinfo
TEXI2DVI = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/texi2dvi
TEXI2HTML = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/texi2html
MAN2HTML = ${BUILD_DIR}/support/man2html
HTMLPOST = ${srcdir}/htmlpost.sh
INFOPOST = ${srcdir}/infopost.sh
QUIETPS = #set this to -q to shut up dvips
PAPERSIZE = letter # change to a4 for A4-size paper
PSDPI = 600 # could be 300 if you like
DVIPS = dvips -D ${PSDPI} $(QUIETPS) -t ${PAPERSIZE} -o $@ # tricky
TEXINPUTDIR = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc
SET_TEXINPUTS = TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTDIR):$$TEXINPUTS
# These tools might not be available; they're not required
DVIPDF = dvipdfm -o $@ -p ${PAPERSIZE}
PSPDF = gs -sPAPERSIZE=${PAPERSIZE} -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sOutputFile=$@
MKDIRS = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/mkdirs
# This should be a program that converts troff to an ascii-readable format
NROFF = groff -Tascii
# This should be a program that converts troff to postscript
GROFF = groff
HSUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/hsuser.texi
RLUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/rluser.texi
BASHREF_FILES = $(srcdir)/bashref.texi $(srcdir)/version.texi
.SUFFIXES: .0 .1 .3 .ms .ps .txt .dvi .html .pdf
.1.ps:
$(RM) $@
-${GROFF} -man $< > $@
.1.0:
$(RM) $@
-${NROFF} -man $< > $@
.1.html:
$(RM) $@
-${MAN2HTML} $< | ${HTMLPOST} > $@
.ms.ps:
$(RM) $@
-${GROFF} -ms $< > $@
.ms.txt:
$(RM) $@
-${NROFF} -ms $< > $@
.3.ps:
$(RM) $@
-${GROFF} -man $< > $@
.3.0:
$(RM) $@
-${NROFF} -man $< > $@
.3.html:
$(RM) $@
-${MAN2HTML} $< > $@
.ps.pdf:
$(RM) $@
-${PSPDF} $<
.dvi.pdf:
$(RM) $@
-${DVIPDF} $<
.dvi.ps:
${RM} $@
-${DVIPS} $<
all: ps info dvi text html
nodvi: ps info text html
PSFILES = bash.ps bashbug.ps article.ps builtins.ps rbash.ps
DVIFILES = bashref.dvi bashref.ps
INFOFILES = bashref.info
MAN0FILES = bash.0 bashbug.0 builtins.0 rbash.0
HTMLFILES = bashref.html bash.html
PDFFILES = bash.pdf bashref.pdf article.pdf rose94.pdf
ps: ${PSFILES}
dvi: ${DVIFILES}
info: ${INFOFILES}
text: ${MAN0FILES}
html: ${HTMLFILES}
pdf: ${PDFFILES}
bashref.dvi: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
${SET_TEXINPUTS} $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
bashref.info: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
$(MAKEINFO) --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
bashref.html: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
$(TEXI2HTML) -menu -monolithic -I $(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
b.html: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
./texi2html.debug -o $@ -verbose -menu -monolithic -I $(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
bash.info: bashref.info
${SHELL} ${INFOPOST} < $(srcdir)/bashref.info > $@ ; \
bash.txt: bash.1
bash.ps: bash.1
bash.html: bash.1 $(MAN2HTML)
bashbug.ps: bashbug.1
builtins.ps: builtins.1 bash.1
rbash.ps: rbash.1 bash.1
bash.0: bash.1
bashbug.0: bashbug.1
builtins.0: builtins.1 bash.1
rbash.0: rbash.1 bash.1
article.ps: article.ms
bashref.ps: bashref.dvi
article.pdf: article.ps
bashref.pdf: bashref.dvi
bash.pdf: bash.ps
rose94.pdf: rose94.ps
$(MAN2HTML): ${topdir}/support/man2html.c
-( cd ${BUILD_DIR}/support ; ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} man2html)
clean:
$(RM) *.aux *.bak *.cp *.fn *.ky *.log *.pg *.toc *.tp *.vr *.cps \
*.pgs *.bt *.bts *.rw *.rws *.fns *.kys *.tps *.vrs *.o
${RM} core *.core
mostlyclean: clean
$(RM) Makefile
distclean: clean maybe-clean
$(RM) Makefile
maintainer-clean: clean
${RM} ${PSFILES} ${DVIFILES} ${INFOFILES} ${MAN0FILES} ${HTMLFILES}
${RM} ${CREATED_FAQ}
$(RM) Makefile
maybe-clean:
-if test "X$(topdir)" != "X$(BUILD_DIR)"; then \
$(RM) ${PSFILES} ${DVIFILES} ${INFOFILES} ${MAN0FILES} ${HTMLFILES}; \
fi
installdirs:
-$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
-$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)
-if test -n "$(htmldir)" ; then \
$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \
fi
install: info installdirs bash.info
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash${man1ext}
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bashbug.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bashbug${man1ext}
# uncomment the next line to install the builtins man page
# -$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/builtins.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash_builtins${man1ext}
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info
# run install-info if it is present to update the info directory
if $(SHELL) -c 'install-info --version' >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
install-info --dir-file=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/dir $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info; \
else true; fi
# if htmldir is set, install the html files into that directory
-if test -n "${htmldir}" ; then \
$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.html $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \
$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bashref.html $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \
fi
uninstall:
-$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash${man1ext} $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bashbug${man1ext}
$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info
-if test -n "$(htmldir)" ; then \
$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)/bash.html ; \
$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)/bashref.html ; \
fi
# for use by chet
CREATED_FAQ = faq.news faq.news2 faq.mail faq.version
faq: ${CREATED_FAQ}
faq.version: FAQ.version FAQ
sh mkfaqvers FAQ.version > $@
faq.headers.mail: FAQ.headers.mail FAQ
sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.mail > $@
faq.headers.news: FAQ.headers.news FAQ
sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.news > $@
faq.headers.news2: FAQ.headers.news2 FAQ
sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.news2 > $@
faq.news: FAQ faq.headers.news faq.version
$(RM) $@
cat faq.headers.news faq.version FAQ > $@
faq.news2: FAQ faq.headers.news2 faq.version
$(RM) $@
cat faq.headers.news2 faq.version FAQ > $@
faq.mail: FAQ faq.headers.mail faq.version
$(RM) $@
cat faq.headers.mail faq.version FAQ > $@
inst: bashref.texi
$(SHELL) ./mkinstall
cmp -s INSTALL ../INSTALL || mv INSTALL ../INSTALL
$(RM) INSTALL
posix: bashref.texi
$(SHELL) ./mkposix
cmp -s POSIX ../POSIX || mv POSIX ../POSIX
$(RM) POSIX
rbash: bashref.texi
$(SH) ./mkrbash
cmp -s RBASH ../RBASH || mv RBASH ../RBASH
$(RM) RBASH
xdist: pdf inst posix rbash
doc/aosa-bash.pdf
BIN
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doc/bashbug.0
-50
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@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
BASHBUG(1) BASHBUG(1)
NNAAMMEE
bashbug - report a bug in bash
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
bbaasshhbbuugg [_-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n] [_-_-_h_e_l_p] [_e_m_a_i_l_-_a_d_d_r_e_s_s]
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
bbaasshhbbuugg is a shell script to help the user compose and mail bug reports
concerning bash in a standard format. bbaasshhbbuugg invokes the editor spec-
ified by the environment variable EEDDIITTOORR on a temporary copy of the bug
report format outline. The user must fill in the appropriate fields and
exit the editor. bbaasshhbbuugg then mails the completed report to _b_u_g_-
_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g, or _e_m_a_i_l_-_a_d_d_r_e_s_s. If the report cannot be mailed, it is
saved in the file _d_e_a_d_._b_a_s_h_b_u_g in the invoking user's home directory.
The bug report format outline consists of several sections. The first
section provides information about the machine, operating system, the
bash version, and the compilation environment. The second section
should be filled in with a description of the bug. The third section
should be a description of how to reproduce the bug. The optional
fourth section is for a proposed fix. Fixes are encouraged.
EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
bbaasshhbbuugg will utilize the following environment variables if they exist:
EEDDIITTOORR Specifies the preferred editor. If EEDDIITTOORR is not set, bbaasshhbbuugg
defaults to eemmaaccss.
HHOOMMEE Directory in which the failed bug report is saved if the mail
fails.
TTMMPPDDIIRR Directory in which to create temporary files and directories.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
_b_a_s_h(1)
AAUUTTHHOORRSS
Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
bfox@gnu.org
Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
chet@po.cwru.edu
GNU Bash-4.0 1998 July 30 BASHBUG(1)
doc/bashbug.ps
-284
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@@ -1,284 +0,0 @@
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369.6 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 386.4 Q F3(bash)108 398.4 Q F0(\(1\))A F1 -.548
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108 468 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(1998 July 30)148.175 E(1)203.165 E 0 Cg
EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
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@xrdef{Introduction-title}{Introduction}
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@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{146}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{152}
@xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes}
@xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1}
@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{160}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{160}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2}
@xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index}
@xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{161}
@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{161}
@xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index}
@xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4}
@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{163}
@xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index}
@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5}
@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{165}
doc/bashref.bt
-59
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@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
\entry{:}{40}{\code {:}}
\entry{.}{40}{\code {.}}
\entry{break}{40}{\code {break}}
\entry{cd}{41}{\code {cd}}
\entry{continue}{41}{\code {continue}}
\entry{eval}{41}{\code {eval}}
\entry{exec}{41}{\code {exec}}
\entry{exit}{42}{\code {exit}}
\entry{export}{42}{\code {export}}
\entry{getopts}{42}{\code {getopts}}
\entry{hash}{43}{\code {hash}}
\entry{pwd}{43}{\code {pwd}}
\entry{readonly}{43}{\code {readonly}}
\entry{return}{44}{\code {return}}
\entry{shift}{44}{\code {shift}}
\entry{test}{44}{\code {test}}
\entry{[}{44}{\code {[}}
\entry{times}{45}{\code {times}}
\entry{trap}{45}{\code {trap}}
\entry{umask}{46}{\code {umask}}
\entry{unset}{47}{\code {unset}}
\entry{alias}{47}{\code {alias}}
\entry{bind}{47}{\code {bind}}
\entry{builtin}{48}{\code {builtin}}
\entry{caller}{48}{\code {caller}}
\entry{command}{49}{\code {command}}
\entry{declare}{49}{\code {declare}}
\entry{echo}{50}{\code {echo}}
\entry{enable}{51}{\code {enable}}
\entry{help}{52}{\code {help}}
\entry{let}{52}{\code {let}}
\entry{local}{52}{\code {local}}
\entry{logout}{52}{\code {logout}}
\entry{mapfile}{52}{\code {mapfile}}
\entry{printf}{53}{\code {printf}}
\entry{read}{54}{\code {read}}
\entry{readarray}{55}{\code {readarray}}
\entry{source}{55}{\code {source}}
\entry{type}{55}{\code {type}}
\entry{typeset}{56}{\code {typeset}}
\entry{ulimit}{56}{\code {ulimit}}
\entry{unalias}{57}{\code {unalias}}
\entry{set}{57}{\code {set}}
\entry{shopt}{61}{\code {shopt}}
\entry{dirs}{90}{\code {dirs}}
\entry{popd}{90}{\code {popd}}
\entry{pushd}{90}{\code {pushd}}
\entry{bg}{98}{\code {bg}}
\entry{fg}{98}{\code {fg}}
\entry{jobs}{98}{\code {jobs}}
\entry{kill}{99}{\code {kill}}
\entry{wait}{99}{\code {wait}}
\entry{disown}{99}{\code {disown}}
\entry{suspend}{99}{\code {suspend}}
\entry{compgen}{126}{\code {compgen}}
\entry{complete}{127}{\code {complete}}
\entry{compopt}{130}{\code {compopt}}
\entry{fc}{133}{\code {fc}}
\entry{history}{134}{\code {history}}
doc/bashref.bts
-80
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@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
\initial {.}
\entry {\code {.}}{40}
\initial {:}
\entry {\code {:}}{40}
\initial {[}
\entry {\code {[}}{44}
\initial {A}
\entry {\code {alias}}{47}
\initial {B}
\entry {\code {bg}}{98}
\entry {\code {bind}}{47}
\entry {\code {break}}{40}
\entry {\code {builtin}}{48}
\initial {C}
\entry {\code {caller}}{48}
\entry {\code {cd}}{41}
\entry {\code {command}}{49}
\entry {\code {compgen}}{126}
\entry {\code {complete}}{127}
\entry {\code {compopt}}{130}
\entry {\code {continue}}{41}
\initial {D}
\entry {\code {declare}}{49}
\entry {\code {dirs}}{90}
\entry {\code {disown}}{99}
\initial {E}
\entry {\code {echo}}{50}
\entry {\code {enable}}{51}
\entry {\code {eval}}{41}
\entry {\code {exec}}{41}
\entry {\code {exit}}{42}
\entry {\code {export}}{42}
\initial {F}
\entry {\code {fc}}{133}
\entry {\code {fg}}{98}
\initial {G}
\entry {\code {getopts}}{42}
\initial {H}
\entry {\code {hash}}{43}
\entry {\code {help}}{52}
\entry {\code {history}}{134}
\initial {J}
\entry {\code {jobs}}{98}
\initial {K}
\entry {\code {kill}}{99}
\initial {L}
\entry {\code {let}}{52}
\entry {\code {local}}{52}
\entry {\code {logout}}{52}
\initial {M}
\entry {\code {mapfile}}{52}
\initial {P}
\entry {\code {popd}}{90}
\entry {\code {printf}}{53}
\entry {\code {pushd}}{90}
\entry {\code {pwd}}{43}
\initial {R}
\entry {\code {read}}{54}
\entry {\code {readarray}}{55}
\entry {\code {readonly}}{43}
\entry {\code {return}}{44}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {set}}{57}
\entry {\code {shift}}{44}
\entry {\code {shopt}}{61}
\entry {\code {source}}{55}
\entry {\code {suspend}}{99}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {test}}{44}
\entry {\code {times}}{45}
\entry {\code {trap}}{45}
\entry {\code {type}}{55}
\entry {\code {typeset}}{56}
\initial {U}
\entry {\code {ulimit}}{56}
\entry {\code {umask}}{46}
\entry {\code {unalias}}{57}
\entry {\code {unset}}{47}
\initial {W}
\entry {\code {wait}}{99}
doc/bashref.cp
-118
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@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
\entry{POSIX}{3}{POSIX}
\entry{builtin}{3}{builtin}
\entry{control operator}{3}{control operator}
\entry{exit status}{3}{exit status}
\entry{field}{3}{field}
\entry{filename}{3}{filename}
\entry{job}{3}{job}
\entry{job control}{3}{job control}
\entry{metacharacter}{3}{metacharacter}
\entry{name}{3}{name}
\entry{identifier}{3}{identifier}
\entry{operator, shell}{3}{operator, shell}
\entry{process group}{3}{process group}
\entry{process group ID}{3}{process group ID}
\entry{reserved word}{3}{reserved word}
\entry{return status}{4}{return status}
\entry{signal}{4}{signal}
\entry{special builtin}{4}{special builtin}
\entry{token}{4}{token}
\entry{word}{4}{word}
\entry{Bourne shell}{5}{Bourne shell}
\entry{quoting}{6}{quoting}
\entry{quoting, ANSI}{6}{quoting, ANSI}
\entry{localization}{7}{localization}
\entry{internationalization}{7}{internationalization}
\entry{native languages}{7}{native languages}
\entry{translation, native languages}{7}{translation, native languages}
\entry{comments, shell}{7}{comments, shell}
\entry{commands, shell}{8}{commands, shell}
\entry{commands, simple}{8}{commands, simple}
\entry{pipeline}{8}{pipeline}
\entry{commands, pipelines}{8}{commands, pipelines}
\entry{command timing}{8}{command timing}
\entry{commands, lists}{9}{commands, lists}
\entry{commands, compound}{9}{commands, compound}
\entry{commands, looping}{10}{commands, looping}
\entry{commands, conditional}{10}{commands, conditional}
\entry{commands, grouping}{14}{commands, grouping}
\entry{coprocess}{15}{coprocess}
\entry{shell function}{16}{shell function}
\entry{functions, shell}{16}{functions, shell}
\entry{parameters}{18}{parameters}
\entry{variable, shell}{18}{variable, shell}
\entry{shell variable}{18}{shell variable}
\entry{parameters, positional}{19}{parameters, positional}
\entry{parameters, special}{19}{parameters, special}
\entry{expansion}{20}{expansion}
\entry{brace expansion}{21}{brace expansion}
\entry{expansion, brace}{21}{expansion, brace}
\entry{tilde expansion}{21}{tilde expansion}
\entry{expansion, tilde}{21}{expansion, tilde}
\entry{parameter expansion}{22}{parameter expansion}
\entry{expansion, parameter}{22}{expansion, parameter}
\entry{command substitution}{27}{command substitution}
\entry{expansion, arithmetic}{28}{expansion, arithmetic}
\entry{arithmetic expansion}{28}{arithmetic expansion}
\entry{process substitution}{28}{process substitution}
\entry{word splitting}{28}{word splitting}
\entry{expansion, filename}{29}{expansion, filename}
\entry{expansion, pathname}{29}{expansion, pathname}
\entry{filename expansion}{29}{filename expansion}
\entry{pathname expansion}{29}{pathname expansion}
\entry{pattern matching}{29}{pattern matching}
\entry{matching, pattern}{29}{matching, pattern}
\entry{redirection}{31}{redirection}
\entry{command expansion}{34}{command expansion}
\entry{command execution}{35}{command execution}
\entry{command search}{35}{command search}
\entry{execution environment}{36}{execution environment}
\entry{environment}{37}{environment}
\entry{exit status}{37}{exit status}
\entry{signal handling}{38}{signal handling}
\entry{shell script}{38}{shell script}
\entry{special builtin}{67}{special builtin}
\entry{login shell}{81}{login shell}
\entry{interactive shell}{81}{interactive shell}
\entry{startup files}{81}{startup files}
\entry{interactive shell}{82}{interactive shell}
\entry{shell, interactive}{82}{shell, interactive}
\entry{expressions, conditional}{84}{expressions, conditional}
\entry{arithmetic, shell}{86}{arithmetic, shell}
\entry{shell arithmetic}{86}{shell arithmetic}
\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{86}{expressions, arithmetic}
\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{86}{evaluation, arithmetic}
\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{86}{arithmetic evaluation}
\entry{alias expansion}{87}{alias expansion}
\entry{arrays}{88}{arrays}
\entry{directory stack}{90}{directory stack}
\entry{prompting}{91}{prompting}
\entry{restricted shell}{92}{restricted shell}
\entry{POSIX Mode}{93}{POSIX Mode}
\entry{job control}{97}{job control}
\entry{foreground}{97}{foreground}
\entry{background}{97}{background}
\entry{suspending jobs}{97}{suspending jobs}
\entry{Readline, how to use}{100}{Readline, how to use}
\entry{interaction, readline}{101}{interaction, readline}
\entry{notation, readline}{102}{notation, readline}
\entry{command editing}{102}{command editing}
\entry{editing command lines}{102}{editing command lines}
\entry{killing text}{103}{killing text}
\entry{yanking text}{103}{yanking text}
\entry{kill ring}{103}{kill ring}
\entry{initialization file, readline}{104}{initialization file, readline}
\entry{variables, readline}{105}{variables, readline}
\entry{programmable completion}{124}{programmable completion}
\entry{completion builtins}{126}{completion builtins}
\entry{History, how to use}{132}{History, how to use}
\entry{command history}{133}{command history}
\entry{history list}{133}{history list}
\entry{history builtins}{133}{history builtins}
\entry{history expansion}{135}{history expansion}
\entry{event designators}{136}{event designators}
\entry{history events}{136}{history events}
\entry{installation}{138}{installation}
\entry{configuration}{138}{configuration}
\entry{Bash installation}{138}{Bash installation}
\entry{Bash configuration}{138}{Bash configuration}
doc/bashref.cps
-136
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@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
\initial {A}
\entry {alias expansion}{87}
\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{86}
\entry {arithmetic expansion}{28}
\entry {arithmetic, shell}{86}
\entry {arrays}{88}
\initial {B}
\entry {background}{97}
\entry {Bash configuration}{138}
\entry {Bash installation}{138}
\entry {Bourne shell}{5}
\entry {brace expansion}{21}
\entry {builtin}{3}
\initial {C}
\entry {command editing}{102}
\entry {command execution}{35}
\entry {command expansion}{34}
\entry {command history}{133}
\entry {command search}{35}
\entry {command substitution}{27}
\entry {command timing}{8}
\entry {commands, compound}{9}
\entry {commands, conditional}{10}
\entry {commands, grouping}{14}
\entry {commands, lists}{9}
\entry {commands, looping}{10}
\entry {commands, pipelines}{8}
\entry {commands, shell}{8}
\entry {commands, simple}{8}
\entry {comments, shell}{7}
\entry {completion builtins}{126}
\entry {configuration}{138}
\entry {control operator}{3}
\entry {coprocess}{15}
\initial {D}
\entry {directory stack}{90}
\initial {E}
\entry {editing command lines}{102}
\entry {environment}{37}
\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{86}
\entry {event designators}{136}
\entry {execution environment}{36}
\entry {exit status}{3, 37}
\entry {expansion}{20}
\entry {expansion, arithmetic}{28}
\entry {expansion, brace}{21}
\entry {expansion, filename}{29}
\entry {expansion, parameter}{22}
\entry {expansion, pathname}{29}
\entry {expansion, tilde}{21}
\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{86}
\entry {expressions, conditional}{84}
\initial {F}
\entry {field}{3}
\entry {filename}{3}
\entry {filename expansion}{29}
\entry {foreground}{97}
\entry {functions, shell}{16}
\initial {H}
\entry {history builtins}{133}
\entry {history events}{136}
\entry {history expansion}{135}
\entry {history list}{133}
\entry {History, how to use}{132}
\initial {I}
\entry {identifier}{3}
\entry {initialization file, readline}{104}
\entry {installation}{138}
\entry {interaction, readline}{101}
\entry {interactive shell}{81, 82}
\entry {internationalization}{7}
\initial {J}
\entry {job}{3}
\entry {job control}{3, 97}
\initial {K}
\entry {kill ring}{103}
\entry {killing text}{103}
\initial {L}
\entry {localization}{7}
\entry {login shell}{81}
\initial {M}
\entry {matching, pattern}{29}
\entry {metacharacter}{3}
\initial {N}
\entry {name}{3}
\entry {native languages}{7}
\entry {notation, readline}{102}
\initial {O}
\entry {operator, shell}{3}
\initial {P}
\entry {parameter expansion}{22}
\entry {parameters}{18}
\entry {parameters, positional}{19}
\entry {parameters, special}{19}
\entry {pathname expansion}{29}
\entry {pattern matching}{29}
\entry {pipeline}{8}
\entry {POSIX}{3}
\entry {POSIX Mode}{93}
\entry {process group}{3}
\entry {process group ID}{3}
\entry {process substitution}{28}
\entry {programmable completion}{124}
\entry {prompting}{91}
\initial {Q}
\entry {quoting}{6}
\entry {quoting, ANSI}{6}
\initial {R}
\entry {Readline, how to use}{100}
\entry {redirection}{31}
\entry {reserved word}{3}
\entry {restricted shell}{92}
\entry {return status}{4}
\initial {S}
\entry {shell arithmetic}{86}
\entry {shell function}{16}
\entry {shell script}{38}
\entry {shell variable}{18}
\entry {shell, interactive}{82}
\entry {signal}{4}
\entry {signal handling}{38}
\entry {special builtin}{4, 67}
\entry {startup files}{81}
\entry {suspending jobs}{97}
\initial {T}
\entry {tilde expansion}{21}
\entry {token}{4}
\entry {translation, native languages}{7}
\initial {V}
\entry {variable, shell}{18}
\entry {variables, readline}{105}
\initial {W}
\entry {word}{4}
\entry {word splitting}{28}
\initial {Y}
\entry {yanking text}{103}
doc/bashref.dvi
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doc/bashref.fn
-106
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@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{115}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{115}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{115}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{115}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{115}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{115}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
\entry{shell-forward-word ()}{115}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}}
\entry{shell-backward-word ()}{115}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}}
\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{115}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{115}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{116}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{116}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
\entry{next-history (C-n)}{116}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{116}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{116}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{116}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{116}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{116}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{116}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
\entry{history-search-forward ()}{116}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
\entry{history-search-backward ()}{116}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
\entry{history-substr-search-forward ()}{116}{\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}}
\entry{history-substr-search-backward ()}{117}{\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}}
\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{117}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{117}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{117}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{117}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{117}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{117}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{117}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{118}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{118}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{118}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{118}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{118}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{118}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{118}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{118}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{118}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{118}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{118}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{119}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
\entry{shell-kill-word ()}{119}{\code {shell-kill-word ()}}
\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{119}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}
\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{119}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{119}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{119}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
\entry{kill-region ()}{119}{\code {kill-region ()}}
\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{119}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{119}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{119}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
\entry{yank (C-y)}{119}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{119}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{119}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
\entry{universal-argument ()}{119}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
\entry{complete (TAB)}{120}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{120}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{120}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
\entry{menu-complete ()}{120}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{120}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}
\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{120}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{120}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}
\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{120}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}
\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{121}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}
\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{121}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}
\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{121}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}
\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{121}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}
\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{121}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}
\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{121}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}
\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{121}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}
\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{121}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}
\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{121}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}
\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{121}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}
\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}{121}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}
\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{121}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{121}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{121}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{122}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}
\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{122}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
\entry{abort (C-g)}{122}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{122}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{122}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{122}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{122}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{122}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}
\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{122}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{122}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
\entry{character-search (C-])}{122}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{122}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{122}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{123}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
\entry{dump-functions ()}{123}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
\entry{dump-variables ()}{123}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
\entry{dump-macros ()}{123}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{123}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}
\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{123}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}
\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{123}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}
\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{123}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}
\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{123}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}
\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{123}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}
\entry{magic-space ()}{124}{\code {magic-space ()}}
\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{124}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}
\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{124}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}
\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{124}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}
\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{124}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{124}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}
doc/bashref.fns
-126
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@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
\initial {A}
\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{122}
\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{116}
\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{124}
\initial {B}
\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{115}
\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{117}
\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{118}
\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{119}
\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{115}
\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{116}
\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{115}
\initial {C}
\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{121}
\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{118}
\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{122}
\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{122}
\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{115}
\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{120}
\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{121}
\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{120}
\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{121}
\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{121}
\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{121}
\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{121}
\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{119}
\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{119}
\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{119}
\initial {D}
\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{121}
\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{117}
\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{120}
\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{119}
\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{119}
\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{123}
\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{122}
\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{118}
\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{123}
\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{123}
\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{123}
\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{121}
\initial {E}
\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{124}
\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{121}
\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{116}
\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{115}
\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{122}
\initial {F}
\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{117}
\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{115}
\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{116}
\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{115}
\initial {G}
\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{123}
\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{123}
\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{123}
\initial {H}
\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{124}
\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{123}
\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{116}
\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{116}
\entry {\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}}{117}
\entry {\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}}{116}
\initial {I}
\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{123}
\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{120}
\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{124}
\initial {K}
\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{118}
\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{119}
\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{118}
\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{118}
\initial {M}
\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{124}
\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{120}
\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{120}
\initial {N}
\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{116}
\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{116}
\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{116}
\initial {O}
\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{124}
\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{118}
\initial {P}
\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{121}
\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{120}
\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{120}
\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{121}
\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{121}
\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{121}
\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{122}
\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{116}
\entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{122}
\initial {Q}
\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{117}
\initial {R}
\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{122}
\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{115}
\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{116}
\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{122}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{117}
\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{122}
\entry {\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{119}
\entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{115}
\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{123}
\entry {\code {shell-forward-word ()}}{115}
\entry {\code {shell-kill-word ()}}{119}
\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{122}
\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{121}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{122}
\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{118}
\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{118}
\initial {U}
\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{122}
\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{119}
\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{119}
\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{118}
\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{119}
\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{118}
\initial {Y}
\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{119}
\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{117}
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\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{119}
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+185 -156
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@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 8 January 2013).
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 2 March 2013).
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 8 January 2013, of `The GNU Bash
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 2 March 2013, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ Bash Features
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 8 January 2013). The Bash home page is
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 2 March 2013). The Bash home page is
`http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/'.
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 8 January 2013, of `The GNU Bash
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 2 March 2013, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -1060,39 +1060,51 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: GNU Parallel, Prev: Coprocesses, Up: Shell Commands
3.2.6 GNU Parallel
------------------
GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run
There are ways to run commands in parallel that are not built into Bash.
GNU Parallel is a tool to do just that.
GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run
commands in parallel. You may run the same command with different
arguments, whether they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines
read from files.
read from files. GNU Parallel provides shorthand references to many of
the most common operations (input lines, various portions of the input
line, different ways to specify the input source, and so on). Parallel
can replace `xargs' or feed commands from its input sources to several
different instances of Bash.
For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation.
A few examples should provide a brief introduction to its use.
For example, it is easy to prefix each line in a text file with a
specified string:
cat file | parallel -k echo prefix_string
The `-k' option is required to preserve the lines' order.
Similarly, you can append a specified string to each line in a text
file:
cat file | parallel -k echo {} append_string
For example, it is easy to replace `xargs' to gzip all html files in
the current directory and its subdirectories:
find . -type f -name '*.html' -print | parallel gzip
If you need to protect special characters such as newlines in file
names, use find's `-print0' option and parallel's `-0' option.
You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when
the number of files is too large to process with one `mv' invocation:
ls | parallel mv {} destdir
As you can see, the {} is replaced with each line read from standard
input. This will run as many `mv' commands as there are files in the
current directory. You can emulate a parallel `xargs' by adding the
`-X' option:
ls | parallel -X mv {} destdir
input. While using `ls' will work in most instances, it is not
sufficient to deal with all filenames. If you need to accommodate
special characters in filenames, you can use
find . -depth 1 \! -name '.*' -print0 | parallel -0 mv {} destdir
as alluded to above.
This will run as many `mv' commands as there are files in the current
directory. You can emulate a parallel `xargs' by adding the `-X'
option:
find . -depth 1 \! -name '.*' -print0 | parallel -0 -X mv {} destdir
GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines
read from a file (in this case, filenames):
for x in $(cat list); do
do-something1 $x config-$x
do-something2 < $x
done | process-output
read from a file (in this case, filenames listed one per line):
while read -r x; do
do-something1 "$x" "config-$x"
do-something2 < "$x"
done < file | process-output
with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output
@@ -1102,17 +1114,34 @@ extensions, which lends itself to batch file transformations or
renaming:
ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat {} | bzip2 >{.}.bz2 && rm {}"
This will recompress all files in the current directory with names
ending in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel.
ending in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel.
(We use `ls' for brevity here; using `find' as above is more robust in
the face of filenames containing unexpected characters.) Parallel can
take arguments from the command line; the above can also be written as
parallel "zcat {} | bzip2 >{.}.bz2 && rm {}" ::: *.gz
If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input
order in the output. For instance, the following command
{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute
will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes
first. Using the `-k' option, as we saw above
will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first.
Adding the `-k' option
{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute
will ensure that the output of `traceroute foss.org.my' is displayed
first.
Finally, Parallel can be used to run a sequence of shell commands in
parallel, similar to `cat file | bash'. It is not uncommon to take a
list of filenames, create a series of shell commands to operate on
them, and feed that list of commnds to a shell. Parallel can speed
this up. Assuming that `file' contains a list of shell commands, one
per line,
parallel -j 10 < file
will evaluate the commands using the shell (since no explicit command is
supplied as an argument), in blocks of ten shell jobs at a time.

File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Functions, Next: Shell Parameters, Prev: Shell Commands, Up: Basic Shell Features
@@ -4248,7 +4277,7 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior.
continue with the next command in the list.
`compat41'
If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a
If set, Bash, when in POSIX mode, treats a single quote in a
double-quoted parameter expansion as a special character.
The single quotes must match (an even number) and the
characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.
@@ -11082,133 +11111,133 @@ D.5 Concept Index

Tag Table:
Node: Top924
Node: Introduction2840
Node: What is Bash?3068
Node: What is a shell?4181
Node: Definitions6720
Node: Basic Shell Features9638
Node: Shell Syntax10857
Node: Shell Operation11887
Node: Quoting13181
Node: Escape Character14484
Node: Single Quotes14969
Node: Double Quotes15317
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16442
Node: Locale Translation17686
Node: Comments18582
Node: Shell Commands19200
Node: Simple Commands20072
Node: Pipelines20703
Node: Lists23402
Node: Compound Commands25131
Node: Looping Constructs26137
Node: Conditional Constructs28600
Node: Command Grouping39478
Node: Coprocesses40957
Node: GNU Parallel42790
Node: Shell Functions45258
Node: Shell Parameters50342
Node: Positional Parameters54471
Node: Special Parameters55371
Node: Shell Expansions58335
Node: Brace Expansion60261
Node: Tilde Expansion63042
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion65391
Node: Command Substitution77685
Node: Arithmetic Expansion79018
Node: Process Substitution79868
Node: Word Splitting80918
Node: Filename Expansion82541
Node: Pattern Matching84706
Node: Quote Removal88406
Node: Redirections88701
Node: Executing Commands97865
Node: Simple Command Expansion98535
Node: Command Search and Execution100465
Node: Command Execution Environment102802
Node: Environment105788
Node: Exit Status107447
Node: Signals109069
Node: Shell Scripts111037
Node: Shell Builtin Commands113555
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins115583
Node: Bash Builtins135359
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior162686
Node: The Set Builtin163031
Node: The Shopt Builtin173357
Node: Special Builtins187561
Node: Shell Variables188540
Node: Bourne Shell Variables188980
Node: Bash Variables191011
Node: Bash Features217886
Node: Invoking Bash218785
Node: Bash Startup Files224563
Node: Interactive Shells229582
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?229992
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?230641
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior231456
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions234744
Node: Shell Arithmetic238746
Node: Aliases241522
Node: Arrays244078
Node: The Directory Stack248767
Node: Directory Stack Builtins249486
Node: Controlling the Prompt252442
Node: The Restricted Shell255214
Node: Bash POSIX Mode257051
Node: Job Control266438
Node: Job Control Basics266898
Node: Job Control Builtins271617
Node: Job Control Variables276079
Node: Command Line Editing277237
Node: Introduction and Notation278909
Node: Readline Interaction280531
Node: Readline Bare Essentials281722
Node: Readline Movement Commands283511
Node: Readline Killing Commands284476
Node: Readline Arguments286396
Node: Searching287440
Node: Readline Init File289626
Node: Readline Init File Syntax290773
Node: Conditional Init Constructs307610
Node: Sample Init File310143
Node: Bindable Readline Commands313260
Node: Commands For Moving314467
Node: Commands For History315611
Node: Commands For Text319796
Node: Commands For Killing322469
Node: Numeric Arguments324926
Node: Commands For Completion326065
Node: Keyboard Macros330257
Node: Miscellaneous Commands330945
Node: Readline vi Mode336751
Node: Programmable Completion337658
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins344908
Node: A Programmable Completion Example354654
Node: Using History Interactively359904
Node: Bash History Facilities360588
Node: Bash History Builtins363587
Node: History Interaction367515
Node: Event Designators370220
Node: Word Designators371442
Node: Modifiers373081
Node: Installing Bash374485
Node: Basic Installation375622
Node: Compilers and Options378314
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures379055
Node: Installation Names380719
Node: Specifying the System Type381537
Node: Sharing Defaults382253
Node: Operation Controls382926
Node: Optional Features383884
Node: Reporting Bugs393672
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell394870
Node: GNU Free Documentation License411729
Node: Indexes436925
Node: Builtin Index437379
Node: Reserved Word Index444206
Node: Variable Index446654
Node: Function Index460177
Node: Concept Index467405
Node: Introduction2836
Node: What is Bash?3064
Node: What is a shell?4177
Node: Definitions6716
Node: Basic Shell Features9634
Node: Shell Syntax10853
Node: Shell Operation11883
Node: Quoting13177
Node: Escape Character14480
Node: Single Quotes14965
Node: Double Quotes15313
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16438
Node: Locale Translation17682
Node: Comments18578
Node: Shell Commands19196
Node: Simple Commands20068
Node: Pipelines20699
Node: Lists23398
Node: Compound Commands25127
Node: Looping Constructs26133
Node: Conditional Constructs28596
Node: Command Grouping39474
Node: Coprocesses40953
Node: GNU Parallel42786
Node: Shell Functions46767
Node: Shell Parameters51851
Node: Positional Parameters55980
Node: Special Parameters56880
Node: Shell Expansions59844
Node: Brace Expansion61770
Node: Tilde Expansion64551
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion66900
Node: Command Substitution79194
Node: Arithmetic Expansion80527
Node: Process Substitution81377
Node: Word Splitting82427
Node: Filename Expansion84050
Node: Pattern Matching86215
Node: Quote Removal89915
Node: Redirections90210
Node: Executing Commands99374
Node: Simple Command Expansion100044
Node: Command Search and Execution101974
Node: Command Execution Environment104311
Node: Environment107297
Node: Exit Status108956
Node: Signals110578
Node: Shell Scripts112546
Node: Shell Builtin Commands115064
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins117092
Node: Bash Builtins136868
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior164195
Node: The Set Builtin164540
Node: The Shopt Builtin174866
Node: Special Builtins189070
Node: Shell Variables190049
Node: Bourne Shell Variables190489
Node: Bash Variables192520
Node: Bash Features219395
Node: Invoking Bash220294
Node: Bash Startup Files226072
Node: Interactive Shells231091
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?231501
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?232150
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior232965
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions236253
Node: Shell Arithmetic240255
Node: Aliases243031
Node: Arrays245587
Node: The Directory Stack250276
Node: Directory Stack Builtins250995
Node: Controlling the Prompt253951
Node: The Restricted Shell256723
Node: Bash POSIX Mode258560
Node: Job Control267947
Node: Job Control Basics268407
Node: Job Control Builtins273126
Node: Job Control Variables277588
Node: Command Line Editing278746
Node: Introduction and Notation280418
Node: Readline Interaction282040
Node: Readline Bare Essentials283231
Node: Readline Movement Commands285020
Node: Readline Killing Commands285985
Node: Readline Arguments287905
Node: Searching288949
Node: Readline Init File291135
Node: Readline Init File Syntax292282
Node: Conditional Init Constructs309119
Node: Sample Init File311652
Node: Bindable Readline Commands314769
Node: Commands For Moving315976
Node: Commands For History317120
Node: Commands For Text321305
Node: Commands For Killing323978
Node: Numeric Arguments326435
Node: Commands For Completion327574
Node: Keyboard Macros331766
Node: Miscellaneous Commands332454
Node: Readline vi Mode338260
Node: Programmable Completion339167
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins346417
Node: A Programmable Completion Example356163
Node: Using History Interactively361413
Node: Bash History Facilities362097
Node: Bash History Builtins365096
Node: History Interaction369024
Node: Event Designators371729
Node: Word Designators372951
Node: Modifiers374590
Node: Installing Bash375994
Node: Basic Installation377131
Node: Compilers and Options379823
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures380564
Node: Installation Names382228
Node: Specifying the System Type383046
Node: Sharing Defaults383762
Node: Operation Controls384435
Node: Optional Features385393
Node: Reporting Bugs395181
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell396379
Node: GNU Free Documentation License413238
Node: Indexes438434
Node: Builtin Index438888
Node: Reserved Word Index445715
Node: Variable Index448163
Node: Function Index461686
Node: Concept Index468914

End Tag Table
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\countUTFy=\count53
\countUTFz=\count54
formatting,
\defaultparindent=\dimen47
and turning on texinfo input format.)
(./bashref.aux)
\openout2 = `bashref.aux'.
@cpindfile=@write3
@fnindfile=@write4
@vrindfile=@write5
@tpindfile=@write6
@kyindfile=@write7
@pgindfile=@write8
(./version.texi)
@btindfile=@write9
@rwindfile=@write10
[1
\openout3 = `bashref.cp'.
\openout4 = `bashref.fn'.
\openout5 = `bashref.vr'.
\openout6 = `bashref.tp'.
\openout7 = `bashref.ky'.
\openout8 = `bashref.pg'.
\openout9 = `bashref.bt'.
\openout10 = `bashref.rw'.
]
\openout1 = `bashref.tmp'.
(./bashref.tmp) [2] (./bashref.toc
[-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4] Chapter 1
\openout0 = `bashref.toc'.
Chapter 2 [1] [2] [3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6]
[7] [8] [9] [10]
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[31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] Chapter 4 [39] [40] [41] [42] [43]
[44] [45] [46]
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[62] [63] [64]
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[65] [66] Chapter 5 [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77]
Chapter 6 [78]
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
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-
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tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
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[79] [80]
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the file
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Chapter 7 [95] [96] [97] [98] [99]
(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [100] [101]
[102] [103] [104] [105] [106]
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[125] [126]
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[127]
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[131]) (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
[132] [133] [134] [135] [136]) Chapter 10 [137] [138] [139] [140]
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[141] [142] [143] Appendix A [144] Appendix B [145] [146] [147] [148] [149]
[150] Appendix C [151] (./fdl.texi [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158])
Appendix D [159] (./bashref.bts) [160] (./bashref.rws) (./bashref.vrs [161]
[162]) (./bashref.fns [163] [164]) (./bashref.cps [165]) [166] )
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
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\entry{time}{8}{\code {time}}
\entry{!}{8}{\code {!}}
\entry{until}{10}{\code {until}}
\entry{do}{10}{\code {do}}
\entry{done}{10}{\code {done}}
\entry{while}{10}{\code {while}}
\entry{for}{10}{\code {for}}
\entry{if}{10}{\code {if}}
\entry{then}{10}{\code {then}}
\entry{else}{10}{\code {else}}
\entry{elif}{10}{\code {elif}}
\entry{fi}{10}{\code {fi}}
\entry{case}{11}{\code {case}}
\entry{in}{11}{\code {in}}
\entry{esac}{11}{\code {esac}}
\entry{select}{12}{\code {select}}
\entry{[[}{12}{\code {[[}}
\entry{]]}{12}{\code {]]}}
\entry{{\tt \char 123}}{14}{\code {{\tt \char 123}}}
\entry{{\tt \char 125}}{14}{\code {{\tt \char 125}}}
\entry{function}{16}{\code {function}}
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\initial {!}
\entry {\code {!}}{8}
\initial {[}
\entry {\code {[[}}{12}
\initial {]}
\entry {\code {]]}}{12}
\initial {{\tt \char 123}}
\entry {\code {{\tt \char 123}}}{14}
\initial {{\tt \char 125}}
\entry {\code {{\tt \char 125}}}{14}
\initial {C}
\entry {\code {case}}{11}
\initial {D}
\entry {\code {do}}{10}
\entry {\code {done}}{10}
\initial {E}
\entry {\code {elif}}{10}
\entry {\code {else}}{10}
\entry {\code {esac}}{11}
\initial {F}
\entry {\code {fi}}{10}
\entry {\code {for}}{10}
\entry {\code {function}}{16}
\initial {I}
\entry {\code {if}}{10}
\entry {\code {in}}{11}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {select}}{12}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {then}}{10}
\entry {\code {time}}{8}
\initial {U}
\entry {\code {until}}{10}
\initial {W}
\entry {\code {while}}{10}
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This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).
This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.
Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
``GNU Free Documentation License''.
@end quotation
@endinput
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@numchapentry{Introduction}{1}{Introduction}{1}
@numsecentry{What is Bash?}{1.1}{What is Bash?}{1}
@numsecentry{What is a shell?}{1.2}{What is a shell?}{1}
@numchapentry{Definitions}{2}{Definitions}{3}
@numchapentry{Basic Shell Features}{3}{Basic Shell Features}{5}
@numsecentry{Shell Syntax}{3.1}{Shell Syntax}{5}
@numsubsecentry{Shell Operation}{3.1.1}{Shell Operation}{5}
@numsubsecentry{Quoting}{3.1.2}{Quoting}{6}
@numsubsubsecentry{Escape Character}{3.1.2.1}{Escape Character}{6}
@numsubsubsecentry{Single Quotes}{3.1.2.2}{Single Quotes}{6}
@numsubsubsecentry{Double Quotes}{3.1.2.3}{Double Quotes}{6}
@numsubsubsecentry{ANSI-C Quoting}{3.1.2.4}{ANSI-C Quoting}{6}
@numsubsubsecentry{Locale-Specific Translation}{3.1.2.5}{Locale Translation}{7}
@numsubsecentry{Comments}{3.1.3}{Comments}{7}
@numsecentry{Shell Commands}{3.2}{Shell Commands}{8}
@numsubsecentry{Simple Commands}{3.2.1}{Simple Commands}{8}
@numsubsecentry{Pipelines}{3.2.2}{Pipelines}{8}
@numsubsecentry{Lists of Commands}{3.2.3}{Lists}{9}
@numsubsecentry{Compound Commands}{3.2.4}{Compound Commands}{9}
@numsubsubsecentry{Looping Constructs}{3.2.4.1}{Looping Constructs}{10}
@numsubsubsecentry{Conditional Constructs}{3.2.4.2}{Conditional Constructs}{10}
@numsubsubsecentry{Grouping Commands}{3.2.4.3}{Command Grouping}{14}
@numsubsecentry{Coprocesses}{3.2.5}{Coprocesses}{15}
@numsubsecentry{GNU Parallel}{3.2.6}{GNU Parallel}{15}
@numsecentry{Shell Functions}{3.3}{Shell Functions}{16}
@numsecentry{Shell Parameters}{3.4}{Shell Parameters}{18}
@numsubsecentry{Positional Parameters}{3.4.1}{Positional Parameters}{19}
@numsubsecentry{Special Parameters}{3.4.2}{Special Parameters}{19}
@numsecentry{Shell Expansions}{3.5}{Shell Expansions}{20}
@numsubsecentry{Brace Expansion}{3.5.1}{Brace Expansion}{21}
@numsubsecentry{Tilde Expansion}{3.5.2}{Tilde Expansion}{21}
@numsubsecentry{Shell Parameter Expansion}{3.5.3}{Shell Parameter Expansion}{22}
@numsubsecentry{Command Substitution}{3.5.4}{Command Substitution}{27}
@numsubsecentry{Arithmetic Expansion}{3.5.5}{Arithmetic Expansion}{28}
@numsubsecentry{Process Substitution}{3.5.6}{Process Substitution}{28}
@numsubsecentry{Word Splitting}{3.5.7}{Word Splitting}{28}
@numsubsecentry{Filename Expansion}{3.5.8}{Filename Expansion}{29}
@numsubsubsecentry{Pattern Matching}{3.5.8.1}{Pattern Matching}{29}
@numsubsecentry{Quote Removal}{3.5.9}{Quote Removal}{31}
@numsecentry{Redirections}{3.6}{Redirections}{31}
@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Input}{3.6.1}{}{32}
@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3.6.2}{}{32}
@numsubsecentry{Appending Redirected Output}{3.6.3}{}{32}
@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.4}{}{32}
@numsubsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.5}{}{33}
@numsubsecentry{Here Documents}{3.6.6}{}{33}
@numsubsecentry{Here Strings}{3.6.7}{}{33}
@numsubsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3.6.8}{}{34}
@numsubsecentry{Moving File Descriptors}{3.6.9}{}{34}
@numsubsecentry{Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing}{3.6.10}{}{34}
@numsecentry{Executing Commands}{3.7}{Executing Commands}{34}
@numsubsecentry{Simple Command Expansion}{3.7.1}{Simple Command Expansion}{34}
@numsubsecentry{Command Search and Execution}{3.7.2}{Command Search and Execution}{35}
@numsubsecentry{Command Execution Environment}{3.7.3}{Command Execution Environment}{36}
@numsubsecentry{Environment}{3.7.4}{Environment}{37}
@numsubsecentry{Exit Status}{3.7.5}{Exit Status}{37}
@numsubsecentry{Signals}{3.7.6}{Signals}{38}
@numsecentry{Shell Scripts}{3.8}{Shell Scripts}{38}
@numchapentry{Shell Builtin Commands}{4}{Shell Builtin Commands}{40}
@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Builtins}{4.1}{Bourne Shell Builtins}{40}
@numsecentry{Bash Builtin Commands}{4.2}{Bash Builtins}{47}
@numsecentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4.3}{Modifying Shell Behavior}{57}
@numsubsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4.3.1}{The Set Builtin}{57}
@numsubsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4.3.2}{The Shopt Builtin}{61}
@numsecentry{Special Builtins}{4.4}{Special Builtins}{67}
@numchapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{Shell Variables}{68}
@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5.1}{Bourne Shell Variables}{68}
@numsecentry{Bash Variables}{5.2}{Bash Variables}{68}
@numchapentry{Bash Features}{6}{Bash Features}{79}
@numsecentry{Invoking Bash}{6.1}{Invoking Bash}{79}
@numsecentry{Bash Startup Files}{6.2}{Bash Startup Files}{81}
@numsecentry{Interactive Shells}{6.3}{Interactive Shells}{82}
@numsubsecentry{What is an Interactive Shell?}{6.3.1}{What is an Interactive Shell?}{83}
@numsubsecentry{Is this Shell Interactive?}{6.3.2}{Is this Shell Interactive?}{83}
@numsubsecentry{Interactive Shell Behavior}{6.3.3}{Interactive Shell Behavior}{83}
@numsecentry{Bash Conditional Expressions}{6.4}{Bash Conditional Expressions}{84}
@numsecentry{Shell Arithmetic}{6.5}{Shell Arithmetic}{86}
@numsecentry{Aliases}{6.6}{Aliases}{87}
@numsecentry{Arrays}{6.7}{Arrays}{88}
@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{90}
@numsubsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6.8.1}{Directory Stack Builtins}{90}
@numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Controlling the Prompt}{91}
@numsecentry{The Restricted Shell}{6.10}{The Restricted Shell}{92}
@numsecentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6.11}{Bash POSIX Mode}{93}
@numchapentry{Job Control}{7}{Job Control}{97}
@numsecentry{Job Control Basics}{7.1}{Job Control Basics}{97}
@numsecentry{Job Control Builtins}{7.2}{Job Control Builtins}{98}
@numsecentry{Job Control Variables}{7.3}{Job Control Variables}{100}
@numchapentry{Command Line Editing}{8}{Command Line Editing}{101}
@numsecentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{8.1}{Introduction and Notation}{101}
@numsecentry{Readline Interaction}{8.2}{Readline Interaction}{101}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{8.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{102}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{8.2.2}{Readline Movement Commands}{102}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{8.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{103}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Arguments}{8.2.4}{Readline Arguments}{103}
@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8.2.5}{Searching}{103}
@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{8.3}{Readline Init File}{104}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{104}
@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{111}
@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{8.3.3}{Sample Init File}{112}
@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{115}
@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{115}
@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8.4.2}{Commands For History}{116}
@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8.4.3}{Commands For Text}{117}
@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{118}
@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{119}
@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{120}
@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{121}
@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{122}
@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{8.5}{Readline vi Mode}{124}
@numsecentry{Programmable Completion}{8.6}{Programmable Completion}{124}
@numsecentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8.7}{Programmable Completion Builtins}{126}
@numsecentry{A Programmable Completion Example}{8.8}{A Programmable Completion Example}{130}
@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{133}
@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{133}
@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{133}
@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{135}
@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{136}
@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{136}
@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{137}
@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{138}
@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{138}
@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{139}
@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{139}
@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{139}
@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{139}
@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{140}
@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{140}
@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{140}
@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{145}
@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{146}
@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{150}
@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{152}
@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{160}
@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{160}
@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{161}
@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{161}
@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{163}
@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{165}
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\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{7}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
\entry{TEXTDOMAIN}{7}{\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}
\entry{TEXTDOMAINDIR}{7}{\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}
\entry{*}{19}{\code {*}}
\entry{@}{19}{\code {@}}
\entry{#}{19}{\code {#}}
\entry{?}{20}{\code {?}}
\entry{-}{20}{\code {-}}
\entry{$}{20}{\code {$}}
\entry{!}{20}{\code {!}}
\entry{0}{20}{\code {0}}
\entry{_}{20}{\code {_}}
\entry{CDPATH}{68}{\code {CDPATH}}
\entry{HOME}{68}{\code {HOME}}
\entry{IFS}{68}{\code {IFS}}
\entry{MAIL}{68}{\code {MAIL}}
\entry{MAILPATH}{68}{\code {MAILPATH}}
\entry{OPTARG}{68}{\code {OPTARG}}
\entry{OPTIND}{68}{\code {OPTIND}}
\entry{PATH}{68}{\code {PATH}}
\entry{PS1}{68}{\code {PS1}}
\entry{PS2}{68}{\code {PS2}}
\entry{BASH}{68}{\code {BASH}}
\entry{BASHOPTS}{69}{\code {BASHOPTS}}
\entry{BASHPID}{69}{\code {BASHPID}}
\entry{BASH_ALIASES}{69}{\code {BASH_ALIASES}}
\entry{BASH_ARGC}{69}{\code {BASH_ARGC}}
\entry{BASH_ARGV}{69}{\code {BASH_ARGV}}
\entry{BASH_CMDS}{69}{\code {BASH_CMDS}}
\entry{BASH_COMMAND}{69}{\code {BASH_COMMAND}}
\entry{BASH_COMPAT}{69}{\code {BASH_COMPAT}}
\entry{BASH_ENV}{70}{\code {BASH_ENV}}
\entry{BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}{70}{\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}
\entry{BASH_LINENO}{70}{\code {BASH_LINENO}}
\entry{BASH_REMATCH}{70}{\code {BASH_REMATCH}}
\entry{BASH_SOURCE}{70}{\code {BASH_SOURCE}}
\entry{BASH_SUBSHELL}{70}{\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}
\entry{BASH_VERSINFO}{70}{\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}
\entry{BASH_VERSION}{71}{\code {BASH_VERSION}}
\entry{BASH_XTRACEFD}{71}{\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}
\entry{CHILD_MAX}{71}{\code {CHILD_MAX}}
\entry{COLUMNS}{71}{\code {COLUMNS}}
\entry{COMP_CWORD}{71}{\code {COMP_CWORD}}
\entry{COMP_LINE}{71}{\code {COMP_LINE}}
\entry{COMP_POINT}{71}{\code {COMP_POINT}}
\entry{COMP_TYPE}{72}{\code {COMP_TYPE}}
\entry{COMP_KEY}{72}{\code {COMP_KEY}}
\entry{COMP_WORDBREAKS}{72}{\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}
\entry{COMP_WORDS}{72}{\code {COMP_WORDS}}
\entry{COMPREPLY}{72}{\code {COMPREPLY}}
\entry{COPROC}{72}{\code {COPROC}}
\entry{DIRSTACK}{72}{\code {DIRSTACK}}
\entry{EMACS}{72}{\code {EMACS}}
\entry{ENV}{72}{\code {ENV}}
\entry{EUID}{72}{\code {EUID}}
\entry{FCEDIT}{72}{\code {FCEDIT}}
\entry{FIGNORE}{73}{\code {FIGNORE}}
\entry{FUNCNAME}{73}{\code {FUNCNAME}}
\entry{FUNCNEST}{73}{\code {FUNCNEST}}
\entry{GLOBIGNORE}{73}{\code {GLOBIGNORE}}
\entry{GROUPS}{73}{\code {GROUPS}}
\entry{histchars}{73}{\code {histchars}}
\entry{HISTCMD}{73}{\code {HISTCMD}}
\entry{HISTCONTROL}{73}{\code {HISTCONTROL}}
\entry{HISTFILE}{74}{\code {HISTFILE}}
\entry{HISTFILESIZE}{74}{\code {HISTFILESIZE}}
\entry{HISTIGNORE}{74}{\code {HISTIGNORE}}
\entry{HISTSIZE}{74}{\code {HISTSIZE}}
\entry{HISTTIMEFORMAT}{74}{\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}
\entry{HOSTFILE}{74}{\code {HOSTFILE}}
\entry{HOSTNAME}{75}{\code {HOSTNAME}}
\entry{HOSTTYPE}{75}{\code {HOSTTYPE}}
\entry{IGNOREEOF}{75}{\code {IGNOREEOF}}
\entry{INPUTRC}{75}{\code {INPUTRC}}
\entry{LANG}{75}{\code {LANG}}
\entry{LC_ALL}{75}{\code {LC_ALL}}
\entry{LC_COLLATE}{75}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
\entry{LC_CTYPE}{75}{\code {LC_CTYPE}}
\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{75}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
\entry{LC_NUMERIC}{75}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}
\entry{LINENO}{75}{\code {LINENO}}
\entry{LINES}{75}{\code {LINES}}
\entry{MACHTYPE}{75}{\code {MACHTYPE}}
\entry{MAILCHECK}{76}{\code {MAILCHECK}}
\entry{MAPFILE}{76}{\code {MAPFILE}}
\entry{OLDPWD}{76}{\code {OLDPWD}}
\entry{OPTERR}{76}{\code {OPTERR}}
\entry{OSTYPE}{76}{\code {OSTYPE}}
\entry{PIPESTATUS}{76}{\code {PIPESTATUS}}
\entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{76}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}
\entry{PPID}{76}{\code {PPID}}
\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{76}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}
\entry{PROMPT_DIRTRIM}{76}{\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}
\entry{PS3}{76}{\code {PS3}}
\entry{PS4}{76}{\code {PS4}}
\entry{PWD}{76}{\code {PWD}}
\entry{RANDOM}{76}{\code {RANDOM}}
\entry{READLINE_LINE}{77}{\code {READLINE_LINE}}
\entry{READLINE_POINT}{77}{\code {READLINE_POINT}}
\entry{REPLY}{77}{\code {REPLY}}
\entry{SECONDS}{77}{\code {SECONDS}}
\entry{SHELL}{77}{\code {SHELL}}
\entry{SHELLOPTS}{77}{\code {SHELLOPTS}}
\entry{SHLVL}{77}{\code {SHLVL}}
\entry{TIMEFORMAT}{77}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}}
\entry{TMOUT}{78}{\code {TMOUT}}
\entry{TMPDIR}{78}{\code {TMPDIR}}
\entry{UID}{78}{\code {UID}}
\entry{auto_resume}{100}{\code {auto_resume}}
\entry{bell-style}{105}{\code {bell-style}}
\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{105}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
\entry{colored-stats}{105}{\code {colored-stats}}
\entry{comment-begin}{105}{\code {comment-begin}}
\entry{completion-display-width}{105}{\code {completion-display-width}}
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\entry{expand-tilde}{106}{\code {expand-tilde}}
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\entry{history-size}{107}{\code {history-size}}
\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{107}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
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\entry{keymap}{107}{\code {keymap}}
\entry{mark-modified-lines}{108}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{108}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
\entry{match-hidden-files}{108}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
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\entry{page-completions}{108}{\code {page-completions}}
\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{108}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}
\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{108}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{109}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{109}{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}
\entry{skip-completed-text}{109}{\code {skip-completed-text}}
\entry{visible-stats}{109}{\code {visible-stats}}
doc/bashref.vrs
-169
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\initial {!}
\entry {\code {!}}{20}
\initial {#}
\entry {\code {#}}{19}
\initial {$}
\entry {\code {$}}{20}
\initial {*}
\entry {\code {*}}{19}
\initial {-}
\entry {\code {-}}{20}
\initial {?}
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\initial {_}
\entry {\code {_}}{20}
\initial {0}
\entry {\code {0}}{20}
\initial {A}
\entry {\code {auto_resume}}{100}
\initial {B}
\entry {\code {BASH}}{68}
\entry {\code {BASH_ALIASES}}{69}
\entry {\code {BASH_ARGC}}{69}
\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV}}{69}
\entry {\code {BASH_CMDS}}{69}
\entry {\code {BASH_COMMAND}}{69}
\entry {\code {BASH_COMPAT}}{69}
\entry {\code {BASH_ENV}}{70}
\entry {\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}{70}
\entry {\code {BASH_LINENO}}{70}
\entry {\code {BASH_REMATCH}}{70}
\entry {\code {BASH_SOURCE}}{70}
\entry {\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}{70}
\entry {\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}{70}
\entry {\code {BASH_VERSION}}{71}
\entry {\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}{71}
\entry {\code {BASHOPTS}}{69}
\entry {\code {BASHPID}}{69}
\entry {\code {bell-style}}{105}
\entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{105}
\initial {C}
\entry {\code {CDPATH}}{68}
\entry {\code {CHILD_MAX}}{71}
\entry {\code {colored-stats}}{105}
\entry {\code {COLUMNS}}{71}
\entry {\code {comment-begin}}{105}
\entry {\code {COMP_CWORD}}{71}
\entry {\code {COMP_KEY}}{72}
\entry {\code {COMP_LINE}}{71}
\entry {\code {COMP_POINT}}{71}
\entry {\code {COMP_TYPE}}{72}
\entry {\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}{72}
\entry {\code {COMP_WORDS}}{72}
\entry {\code {completion-display-width}}{105}
\entry {\code {completion-ignore-case}}{105}
\entry {\code {completion-map-case}}{105}
\entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{106}
\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{106}
\entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{72}
\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{106}
\entry {\code {COPROC}}{72}
\initial {D}
\entry {\code {DIRSTACK}}{72}
\entry {\code {disable-completion}}{106}
\initial {E}
\entry {\code {editing-mode}}{106}
\entry {\code {EMACS}}{72}
\entry {\code {enable-keypad}}{106}
\entry {\code {ENV}}{72}
\entry {\code {EUID}}{72}
\entry {\code {expand-tilde}}{106}
\initial {F}
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\entry {\code {FIGNORE}}{73}
\entry {\code {FUNCNAME}}{73}
\entry {\code {FUNCNEST}}{73}
\initial {G}
\entry {\code {GLOBIGNORE}}{73}
\entry {\code {GROUPS}}{73}
\initial {H}
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\entry {\code {HISTCMD}}{73}
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\entry {\code {HISTFILE}}{74}
\entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{74}
\entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{74}
\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{107}
\entry {\code {history-size}}{107}
\entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{74}
\entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{74}
\entry {\code {HOME}}{68}
\entry {\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{107}
\entry {\code {HOSTFILE}}{74}
\entry {\code {HOSTNAME}}{75}
\entry {\code {HOSTTYPE}}{75}
\initial {I}
\entry {\code {IFS}}{68}
\entry {\code {IGNOREEOF}}{75}
\entry {\code {input-meta}}{107}
\entry {\code {INPUTRC}}{75}
\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{107}
\initial {K}
\entry {\code {keymap}}{107}
\initial {L}
\entry {\code {LANG}}{75}
\entry {\code {LC_ALL}}{75}
\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{75}
\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{75}
\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{7, 75}
\entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{75}
\entry {\code {LINENO}}{75}
\entry {\code {LINES}}{75}
\initial {M}
\entry {\code {MACHTYPE}}{75}
\entry {\code {MAIL}}{68}
\entry {\code {MAILCHECK}}{76}
\entry {\code {MAILPATH}}{68}
\entry {\code {MAPFILE}}{76}
\entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{108}
\entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{108}
\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{108}
\entry {\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}{108}
\entry {\code {meta-flag}}{107}
\initial {O}
\entry {\code {OLDPWD}}{76}
\entry {\code {OPTARG}}{68}
\entry {\code {OPTERR}}{76}
\entry {\code {OPTIND}}{68}
\entry {\code {OSTYPE}}{76}
\entry {\code {output-meta}}{108}
\initial {P}
\entry {\code {page-completions}}{108}
\entry {\code {PATH}}{68}
\entry {\code {PIPESTATUS}}{76}
\entry {\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{76}
\entry {\code {PPID}}{76}
\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{76}
\entry {\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}{76}
\entry {\code {PS1}}{68}
\entry {\code {PS2}}{68}
\entry {\code {PS3}}{76}
\entry {\code {PS4}}{76}
\entry {\code {PWD}}{76}
\initial {R}
\entry {\code {RANDOM}}{76}
\entry {\code {READLINE_LINE}}{77}
\entry {\code {READLINE_POINT}}{77}
\entry {\code {REPLY}}{77}
\entry {\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{108}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {SECONDS}}{77}
\entry {\code {SHELL}}{77}
\entry {\code {SHELLOPTS}}{77}
\entry {\code {SHLVL}}{77}
\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{108}
\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{109}
\entry {\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}{109}
\entry {\code {skip-completed-text}}{109}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}{7}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}{7}
\entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{77}
\entry {\code {TMOUT}}{78}
\entry {\code {TMPDIR}}{78}
\initial {U}
\entry {\code {UID}}{78}
\initial {V}
\entry {\code {visible-stats}}{109}
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doc/faq.headers.mail
-4
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From: chet.ramey@case.edu (Chet Ramey)
To: bug-bash@gnu.org
Subject: BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.36)
Reply-To: chet@po.cwru.edu
doc/faq.headers.news
-9
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@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
Newsgroups: comp.unix.shell,comp.unix.questions
Distribution: world
From: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
Subject: BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.36)
Organization: Case Western Reserve University
Summary: A's to Q's about BASH, the Bourne-Again SHell
Reply-To: chet@po.cwru.edu
Followup-To: poster
doc/faq.headers.news2
-9
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@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
Newsgroups: comp.unix.shell,comp.unix.questions,comp.answers,news.answers
From: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
Subject: [gnu.bash.bug] BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.36)
Organization: Case Western Reserve University
Summary: A's to Q's about BASH, the Bourne-Again SHell
Reply-To: chet@po.cwru.edu
Followup-To: poster
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU
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-9
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Archive-name: unix-faq/shell/bash
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Submitted-By: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
Last-Modified: Fri May 11 16:18:55 EDT 2007
FAQ-Version: 3.36
Bash-Version: 3.2
URL: ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/FAQ
Maintainer: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
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doc/mkfaqvers
-8
View File
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
DATE=`date`
VERS=`sed -n 's:^.*Bash FAQ, version \([^,]*\),.*$:\1:p' < FAQ`
BVERS=` sed -n 's:^.*Bash version \(.*\)\.$:\1:p' < FAQ`
sed -e "s!@VERSION@!$VERS!" -e "s!@UPDATED@!$DATE!" -e "s!@BASH_VERSION@!$BVERS!" < $1
echo ""
doc/mkinstall
-43
View File
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
#! /bin/sh
#
# mkinstall - make the INSTALL file from the `Installing Bash' node of the
# texinfo manual
#
NODE="Installing Bash"
SUBNODE="Basic Installation"
TEXI=bashref.texi
TMPINFO=temp.info
TMPOUT=INSTALL.tmp
OUT=${1:-INSTALL}
trap 'rm -f $TMPOUT $TMPINFO $OUT; trap '' 0; exit 1' 1 2 3 6 15
trap 'rm -f $TMPOUT $TMPINFO' 0
# create an info file without paragraph indentation
makeinfo --no-split --no-number-sections -I../lib/readline/doc --paragraph-indent 0 -o $TMPINFO $TEXI
# write out the text from the `Installing Bash' node to INSTALL.tmp
info --file $TMPINFO --node "$NODE" --subnodes --output $TMPOUT
# remove the info traversal information and the initial menu, and squeeze
# out multiple consecutive blank lines like `cat -s'
awk 'BEGIN { printline = 0; newlines = 0; }
/^File: '$TMPINFO'/ { next; }
/^'"$SUBNODE"'/ { printline = 1; }
/^$/ { if (printline) newlines = 1; next; }
/$/ { if (printline) {
if (newlines) {
printf "\n";
newlines = 0;
}
print $0;
}
}' < $TMPOUT > $OUT
exit 0
doc/mkinstall-tmp
-44
View File
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
#! /bin/sh
#
# mkinstall - make the INSTALL file from the `Installing Bash' node of the
# texinfo manual
#
NODE="Installing Bash"
SUBNODE="Basic Installation"
TEXI=bashref.texi
TMPINFO=temp.info
TMPOUT=INSTALL.tmp
OUT=${1:-INSTALL}
trap 'rm -f $TMPOUT $TMPINFO $OUT; trap '' 0; exit 1' 1 2 3 6 15
#trap 'rm -f $TMPOUT $TMPINFO' 0
# create an info file without paragraph indentation
makeinfo --no-split -I../lib/readline/doc --paragraph-indent 0 -o $TMPINFO $TEXI
# write out the text from the `Installing Bash' node to INSTALL.tmp
info --file $TMPINFO --node "$NODE" --subnodes --output $TMPOUT
exit 0
# remove the info traversal information and the initial menu, and squeeze
# out multiple consecutive blank lines like `cat -s'
awk 'BEGIN { printline = 0; newlines = 0; }
/^File: '$TMPINFO'/ { next; }
/^'"$SUBNODE"'/ { printline = 1; }
/^$/ { if (printline) newlines = 1; next; }
/$/ { if (printline) {
if (newlines) {
printf "\n";
newlines = 0;
}
print $0;
}
}' < $TMPOUT > $OUT
exit 0
doc/mkposix
-25
View File
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
#! /bin/sh
#
# mkposix - make the POSIX.NOTES file from the `Bash POSIX Mode' node
# of the texinfo manual
#
NODE="Bash POSIX Mode"
TEXI=bashref.texi
TMPINFO=temp.info
TMPOUT=POSIX.tmp
OUT=${1:-POSIX}
trap 'rm -f $TMPOUT $TMPINFO $OUT; trap '' 0; exit 1' 1 2 3 6 15
trap 'rm -f $TMPOUT $TMPINFO' 0
# create an info file without paragraph indentation
makeinfo --no-split -I../lib/readline/doc --paragraph-indent 0 -o $TMPINFO $TEXI
# write out the text from the `Bash POSIX Mode' node to $TMPOUT
info --file $TMPINFO --node "$NODE" --subnodes --output $TMPOUT
sed 1,2d < $TMPOUT > $OUT
exit 0
doc/mkrbash
-25
View File
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
#! /bin/sh
#
# mkrbash - make the RBASH file from the `The Restricted Shell' node
# of the texinfo manual
#
NODE="The Restricted Shell"
TEXI=bashref.texi
TMPINFO=temp.info
TMPOUT=RBASH.tmp
OUT=${1:-RBASH}
trap 'rm -f $TMPOUT $TMPINFO $OUT; trap '' 0; exit 1' 1 2 3 6 15
trap 'rm -f $TMPOUT $TMPINFO' 0
# create an info file without paragraph indentation
makeinfo --no-split -I../lib/readline/doc --paragraph-indent 0 -o $TMPINFO $TEXI
# write out the text from the `The Restricted Shell' node to $TMPOUT
info --file $TMPINFO --node "$NODE" --subnodes --output $TMPOUT
sed 1,2d < $TMPOUT > $OUT
exit 0
doc/newbash.texi
-127
View File
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
1\input texinfo @c -*- texinfo -*-
@c %**start of header
@setfilename bash.info
@settitle GNU Bourne Again SHell
@setchapternewpage odd
@c %**end of header
@c DON'T RUN FINALOUT YET UNTIL FINAL STAGES
@ignore
@iftex
@finalout
@end iftex
@end ignore
@ifinfo
This file documents the GNU Bourne Again SHell.
Copyright @copyright{} 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ifinfo
@titlepage
@sp 10
@center @titlefont{GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell}
@center Unproofed Draft
@sp 10
@center Brian Fox, Chet Ramey
@center @today{}
@page
This document describes GNU Bash, a Bourne shell compatible
command language interpreter which executes commands read from the
standard input or from a file.
Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
675 Massachusetts Avenue, @*
Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
by the Foundation.
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end titlepage
@ifinfo
This document describes GNU Bash, a Bourne shell compatible
command language interpreter which executes commands read from the
standard input or from a file.
Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
675 Massachusetts Avenue, @*
Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
@end ignore
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
by the Foundation.
@end ifinfo
I Tutorial
i Describe what Bash does.
1) What a shell is for.
2) How Bash is different from other shells.
ii Superficial description of how the shell works.
1) Parts of a command.
a) Command words.
b) Command separators.
c) Redirection words.
iii Hands on Experience.
1) Starting a shell.
a) startup files.
b) switching from Csh.
Using alias.conv
2) The Environment.
a) Description of "environment".
b) Some important environment variables.
c) Other common environment variables.
3) Issuing command lines.
a) Example
II Reference
i Shell Syntax
1) Parts of "speech".
a) Command Words.
b) Command Seprators.
c) Redirection Words.
2) Quoting Syntax.
3) Common Idioms.
ii Guide by feature.
1) Builtins.
2) Variables.
ii Guide by task.
III Indices
i
doc/old-faq.html
-778
View File
@@ -1,778 +0,0 @@
From J.J.Troup@dcsun7.comp.brad.ac.uk Tue Jul 9 11:54:33 1996
Flags: 10
Return-Path: J.J.Troup@dcsun7.comp.brad.ac.uk
Received: from babar.INS.CWRU.Edu (root@babar.INS.CWRU.Edu [129.22.8.213]) by odin.INS.CWRU.Edu with ESMTP (8.6.12+cwru/CWRU-2.2-ins)
id LAA05781; Tue, 9 Jul 1996 11:54:32 -0400 (from J.J.Troup@dcsun7.comp.brad.ac.uk for <chet@odin.INS.CWRU.Edu>)
Received: from dcsun7.comp.brad.ac.uk (dcsun7.comp.brad.ac.uk [143.53.28.202]) by babar.INS.CWRU.Edu with ESMTP (8.6.13+cwru/CWRU-2.4)
id LAA12069; Tue, 9 Jul 1996 11:54:03 -0400 (from J.J.Troup@dcsun7.comp.brad.ac.uk for <chet@po.CWRU.Edu>)
Received: from dcsun4.comp.brad.ac.uk (jjtroup@dcsun4.comp.brad.ac.uk [143.53.28.201]) by dcsun7.comp.brad.ac.uk (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id QAA29654 for <chet@po.CWRU.Edu>; Tue, 9 Jul 1996 16:54:06 +0100 (BST)
Received: (from jjtroup@localhost) by dcsun4.comp.brad.ac.uk (8.7.5/8.7.3) id QAA22933; Tue, 9 Jul 1996 16:53:52 +0100 (BST)
Date: Tue, 9 Jul 1996 16:53:52 +0100 (BST)
Message-Id: <199607091553.QAA22933@dcsun4.comp.brad.ac.uk>
From: JJ TROUP <J.J.Troup@comp.brad.ac.uk>
To: chet@po.CWRU.Edu
Subject: Re: Bash FAQ in HTML?
In-Reply-To: <9607091537.AA05105.SM@odin.INS.CWRU.Edu>
References: <199607091532.QAA22766@dcsun4.comp.brad.ac.uk>
<9607091537.AA05105.SM@odin.INS.CWRU.Edu>
Chet Ramey writes:
> > Is there a HTML version of the Bash FAQ? If not do you want one? I
> > have converted it to HTML and if there isn't already a HTML-ised FAQ,
> > I wondered if you wanted one?
>
> Sure, send it along. Thanks.
Here it is. It is (with the exception of the <CENTER></CENTER> tags
at the beginning) clean HTML 2.0. Although there were a couple of
places which really warranted tables, I opted for <PRE> instead as
there is still no text based browser that I know of which fully
supports tables.
If you like it, I would be happy to update as and when the FAQ
is. If there are bits you don't like please do tell me. If you don't
like it at all, that's cool too... :)
Regards
Cajun
-------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.brad.ac.uk/~jjtroup/
-------------------------------------------------------------
--++Begin Include++--
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>The Bash FAQ</TITLE>
<LINK REV=MADE HREF="mailto:chet@po.cwru.edu">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<CENTER><H1>Bash FAQ</H1></CENTER>
<P>
This is the Bash FAQ, version 1.5, for Bash version 1.14.6.
<P>
This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command interpreter with advanced features for both interactive use and shell programming.
<P>
Another good source of basic information about shells is the collection of FAQ articles periodically posted to comp.unix.shell.
<P>
Questions and comments concerning this document should be sent to <A HREF="mailto:chet@po.cwru.edu">chet@po.cwru.edu</A>.
<P>
<H2>Contents:</H2>
<P>
<OL>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#1">What is it?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#2">What's the latest version?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#3">Where can I get it?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#4">What's the `Posix 1003.2 standard'?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#5">On what machines will bash run?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#6">How does bash differ from sh, the Bourne shell?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#7">How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#8">What is the bash `posix mode'?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#9">How can I build bash with gcc?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#10">Why does bash run a different version of `command' than `which command' says it will?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#11">How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#12">Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#13">Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#14">Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#15">How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#16">Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#17">How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but still invoke the command from within the function?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#18">When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash wrap lines at the wrong column?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#19">I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename completion chop off the first few characters of each filename?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#20">Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#21">Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#22">I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#23">How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value of another shell variable?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#24">If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#25">I just changed my shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my machine. Why not?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#26">I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why not, and how can I make it understand them?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#27">Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#28">Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a redirection before a subshell command?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#29">How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to another, like csh does with `|&'?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#30">How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and advice?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#31">What kind of bash documentation is there?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#32">What's coming in future versions?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#33">What's on the bash `wish list'?</A><BR>
<LI><A HREF="bash-faq.html#34">When will the next release appear?</A><BR>
</OL>
<H3><A NAME="1">1) What is it?</A></H3>
<P>
Bash is a Unix command interpreter (shell). It is an implementation of the Posix 1003.2 shell standard, and resembles the Korn and System V shells.
<P>
Bash contains a number of enhancements over those shells, both for interactive use and shell programming. Features geared toward interactive use include command line editing, command history, job control, aliases, and prompt expansion. Programming features include additional variable expansions, shell arithmetic, and a number of variables and options to control shell behavior.
<P>
Bash was originally written by Brian Fox of the Free Software Foundation. The current developer and maintainer is Chet Ramey of Case Western Reserve University.
<H3><A NAME="2">2) What's the latest version?</A></H3>
<P>
The latest version is 1.14.6, first made available on December 19, 1995.
<H3><A NAME="3">3) Where can I get it?</A></H3>
<P>
Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the master GNU archive site, prep.ai.mit.edu, and its mirrors. The latest version is also available for FTP from slc2.ins.cwru.edu, the maintainer's machine. The following URLs tell how to get version 1.14.6:
<P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/bash-1.14.6.tar.gz">ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/bash-1.14.6.tar.gz</A>
<LI><A HREF="ftp://slc2.ins.cwru.edu/pub/dist/bash-1.14.6.tar.gz">ftp://slc2.ins.cwru.edu/pub/dist/bash-1.14.6.tar.gz</A>
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="4">4) What's the `Posix 1003.2 standard'?</A></H3>
<P>
POSIX is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman for a family of open system standards based on UNIX. There are a number of aspects of UNIX under consideration for standardization, from the basic system services at the system call and C library level to applications and tools to system administration and management. Each area of standardization is assigned to a working group in the 1003 series.
<P>
The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard has been developed by IEEE Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2). It concentrates on the command interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from the command line or by other programs. An initial version of the standard has been approved and published by the IEEE, and work is currently underway to update it.
<P>
Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior defined by POSIX.2. The shell command language has of course been standardized, including the basic flow control and program execution constructs, I/O redirection and pipelining, argument handling, variable expansion, and quoting.
<P>
The `special' builtins, which must be implemented as part of the shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as being part of the shell; examples of these are `eval' and `export'. Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX.2 not devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must be) implemented as builtin commands, such as `read' and `test'. POSIX.2 also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive behavior as part of the UPE, including job control and command line editing. Only vi-style line editing commands have been standardized; emacs editing commands were left out due to objections.
<H3><A NAME="5">5) On what machines will bash run?</A></H3>
<P>
Bash has been ported to nearly every version of UNIX. All you should have to do to build it on a machine for which a port exists is to type `make'. The build process will attempt to discover the version of UNIX you have and tailor itself accordingly, using a combination of saved definitions in the file `machines.h' and a file `sysdefs.h' created by inspecting the environment for various things.
<P>
More information appears in the file `INSTALL' in the distribution.
<H3><A NAME="6">6) How does bash differ from sh, the Bourne shell?</A></H3>
<P>
This is a non-comprehensive list of features that differentiate bash
from the SVR4 shell. The bash manual page explains these completely.
<P>
<H4>Things bash has that sh does not:</H4>
<UL>
<LI>long invocation options
<LI>`!' reserved word to invert pipeline return value
<LI>the select compound command
<LI>the $(...) form of command substitution
<LI>the ${#param} parameter value length operator
<LI>expansions to perform substring removal (${p%[%]w}, ${p#[#]w})
<LI>variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, UID, EUID, REPLY, PPID, PWD, OLDPWD, SHLVL, RANDOM, SECONDS, LINENO, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, ENV, MAIL_WARNING, PS3, PS4, HISTSIZE, HISTFILE, HISTFILESIZE, PROMPT_COMMAND, FCEDIT, FIGNORE, IGNOREEOF, INPUTRC, HISTCONTROL, command_oriented_history, allow_null_glob_expansion, glob_dot_filenames, histchars, nolinks, auto_resume, HOSTFILE, noclobber, TMOUT, no_exit_on_failed_exec, cdable_vars, notify, OPTERR
<LI>redirections: &lt;&gt;, &amp;&gt;, &gt;|
<LI>prompt string special char translation and variable expansion
<LI>auto-export of modified values of variables in initial environment
<LI>command search finds functions before builtins
<LI>bash return builtin will exit a file sourced with `.'
<LI>builtins: cd -, exec -, echo -e/-E, export -n/-f/-p/name=value, pwd -P, read -r, readonly -f, trap -l, ulimit -n/-p/-u, set -b/-m/-o option/-p/-l/-d/-C/-H/-P, unset -f/-v, umask -S, type -all/-path/-type, suspend -f, kill -s
<LI>bash reads ~/.bashrc for interactive shells, $ENV for non-interactive
<LI>bash restricted shell mode is more extensive
<LI>bash allows functions and variables with the same name
<LI>brace expansion
<LI>tilde expansion
<LI>arithmetic expansion and `let' builtin
<LI>process substitution
<LI>aliases and alias/unalias builtins
<LI>local variables in functions and `local' builtin
<LI>readline and command-line editing
<LI>history and history/fc builtins
<LI>csh-like history expansion
<LI>other new bash builtins: bind, command, builtin, declare/typeset, dirs, enable, fc, help, history, logout, popd, pushd
<LI>exported functions
<LI>filename generation when using output redirection (command &gt;a*)
</UL>
<H4>Things sh has that bash does not:</H4>
<UL>
<LI>uses variable SHACCT to do shell accounting
<LI>includes `stop' builtin (bash can use alias stop='kill -s STOP')
<LI>`newgrp' builtin
<LI>turns on job control if called as `jsh'
<LI>ulimit attempts to set both soft &amp; hard limits if -S/-H not given
</UL>
<H4>New things in the SVR4.2 sh:</H4>
<UL>
<LI>internationalization: $LANG, $LC_CTYPE, $LC_MESSAGES, setlocale, etc.
<LI>$TIMEOUT (like bash $TMOUT)
<LI>new builtins: mldmode, priv
<LI>`read' builtin has -r
<LI>kill -s is present
</UL>
<H4>Implementation differences:</H4>
<UL>
<LI>redirection to/from compound commands causes sh to create a subshell
<LI>bash does not allow unbalanced quotes; sh silently inserts them at EOF
<LI>bash does not mess with signal 11
<LI>sh sets (euid, egid) to (uid, gid) if -p not supplied and uid &lt; 100
<LI>bash splits only the results of expansions on IFS
<LI>sh does not allow MAILCHECK to be unset (?)
<LI>sh does not allow traps on SIGALRM or SIGCHLD
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="7">7) How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88?</A></H3>
<H4>Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:</H4>
<UL>
<LI>long invocation options
<LI>`!' reserved word
<LI>posix mode and posix conformance
<LI>command hashing
<LI>tilde expansion for assignment statements that look like $PATH
<LI>process substitution with named pipes if /dev/fd is not available
<LI>variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, UID, EUID, SHLVL, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MAIL_WARNING, HISTFILESIZE, OPTERR, PROMPT_COMMAND, IGNOREEOF, FIGNORE, INPUTRC, HISTCONTROL, notify, command_oriented_history, glob_dot_filenames, allow_null_glob_expansion, histchars, nolinks, HOSTFILE, noclobber, auto_resume, no_exit_on_failed_exec, cdable_vars
<LI>prompt expansion with backslash escapes and command substitution
<LI>redirection: &amp;&gt; (stdout and stderr)
<LI>more extensive and extensible editing and completion
<LI>builtins: bind, builtin, command, declare, dirs, echo -e/-E, enable, exec -, fc -s, export -n/-f/-p, hash, help, history, jobs -x, kill -s, local, logout, popd, pushd, readonly -n/-f/-p, set -o braceexpand/-o histexpand/-o interactive-comments/-o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-l/-d/-C/-b/-H/-P, suspend, trap -l, type, ulimit -u, umask -S
<LI>$[...] synonym for $((...))
<LI>`!' csh-style history expansion
</UL>
<H4>Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not:</H4>
<UL>
<LI>new version of test: [[...]]
<LI>((...)) equivalent to let "..."
<LI>time keyword to let pipelines be timed
<LI>tracked aliases
<LI>$(&lt;file)
<LI>one-dimensional arrays and appropriate expansions
<LI>variables: ERRNO, FPATH, COLUMNS, LINES, EDITOR, VISUAL
<LI>extended pattern matching with egrep-style pattern lists
<LI>co-processes (|&amp;, &gt;&amp;p, &lt;&amp;p)
<LI>weirdly-scoped functions
<LI>typeset +f to list all function names without definitions
<LI>text of command history kept in a file, not memory
<LI>builtins: alias -x, cd old new, fc -e -, newgrp, print, read -p/-s/u/var?prompt, set -A/-o gmacs/-o keyword/-o bgnice/-o markdirs/-o nolog/-o trackall/-o viraw/-s, typeset -H/-L/-R/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-l/-u/-t, whence
</UL>
<H4>Implementation differences:</H4>
<UL>
<LI>ksh runs last command of a pipeline in parent shell context
<LI>ksh ulimit sets hard and soft limits by default
<LI>bash has brace expansion by default
<LI>bash has fixed startup file for all interactive shells; ksh reads $ENV
<LI>bash has exported functions
<LI>bash command search finds functions before builtins
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="8">8) What is the bash `posix mode'?</A></H3>
<P>
Although bash is an implementation of the Posix.2 shell specification, there are areas where the bash default behavior differs from that spec. The bash `posix mode' changes the bash behavior in these areas so that it obeys the spec more closely.
<P>
Posix mode is entered by starting bash with the -posix option or executing `set -o posix' after bash is running.
<P>
The specific aspects of bash which change when posix mode is active are listed in the file CWRU/POSIX.NOTES in the bash distribution.
<H3><A NAME="9">9) How can I build bash with gcc?</A></H3>
<P>
Type
<BR>
<PRE>
make CC=gcc CPPNAME='$(CC) -E'
</PRE>
<H3><A NAME="10">10) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than `which command' says it will?</A></H3>
<P>
`which' is actually a csh script that assumes you're running csh. It reads the csh startup files from your home directory and uses those to determine which `command' will be invoked. Since bash doesn't use any of those startup files, there's a good chance that your bash environment differs from your csh environment.
<H3><A NAME="11">11) How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash?</A></H3>
<P>
Bash uses a different syntax to support aliases than csh does. The details can be found in the documentation. We have provided a shell script which does most of the work of conversion for you; this script can be found in ./examples/alias-conv.sh. Here is how you use it:
<P>
Start csh in the normal way for you. (e.g., `csh')
<P>
Pipe the output of `alias' through `alias-conv.sh', saving the results into `bash_aliases':
<BR>
<PRE>
alias | alias-conv.sh &gt;bash_aliases
</PRE>
<P>
Edit `bash_aliases', carefully reading through any created functions. You will need to change the names of csh specific variables (like $cwd) to the bash equivalents (like $PWD). You will also need to remove recursive references to commands which are defined as functions. For example, the csh alias:
<BR>
<PRE>
alias cd 'cd \!*;echo $cwd'
</PRE>
<P>
is converted to the bash function:
<BR>
<PRE>
cd ()
{
cd $*;
echo $cwd
}
</PRE>
<P>
This function contains a self-pointing reference to `cd', which should be changed to use the `builtin' version. It also uses the csh variable `$cwd' which has an equivalent in bash. You should also change $* to "$@" to correctly process directory names with embedded spaces. Precede the recursive reference with the word `builtin', change the name of the variable to the one bash uses, and quote it to avoid any unwanted expansion:
<BR>
<PRE>
cd () { builtin cd "$@"; echo "$PWD"; }
</PRE>
<P>
Merge the edited file into your ~/.bashrc.
<H3><A NAME="12">12) Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command?</A></H3>
<P>
There are features in ksh-88 that do not have direct bash equivalents. Most, however, can be emulated with very little trouble.
<BR>
<PRE>
ksh-88 feature Bash equivalent
-------------- ---------------
[[...]] can usually use [...]; minor differences
compiled-in aliases set up aliases in .bashrc; some ksh aliases are
bash builtins (hash, history, type)
$(&lt;file) $(cat file)
arrays no good subsitute yet
((...)) let "..."
time use external command; GNU time is particularly useful
use time bash -c '...' for complicated constructs
extended patterns no good substitute
coprocesses named pipe pairs (one for read, one for write)
typeset +f declare -f |
sed -n 's:^declare -[a-z]* \([^ ]*\).*$:\1:p'
cd, print, whence function subsitutes in examples/functions/kshenv
autoloaded functions examples/functions/autoload is the same as typeset -fu
read var?prompt [ -t 0 ] &amp;&amp; echo -n prompt &gt;&amp;2; read var
</PRE>
<H3><A NAME="13">13) Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test?</A></H3>
<P>
The specific example used here is [ ! x -o x ], which is false.
<P>
Bash's builtin `test' implements the Posix.2 spec, which can be summarized as follows (the wording is due to David Korn):
<P>
Here is the set of rules for processing test arguments.
<BR>
<PRE>
0 Args: False
1 Arg: True iff argument is not null.
2 Args: If first arg is !, True iff second argument is null.
If first argument is unary, then true if unary test is true
Otherwise error.
3 Args: If second argument is a binary operator, do binary test of $1 $3
If first argument is !, negate two argument test of $2 $3
Otherwise error.
4 Args: If first argument is !, negate three argument test of $2 $3 $4.
Otherwise unspecified
5 or more Args: unspecified. (Historical shells would use their
current algorithm).
</PRE>
<P>
The operators -a and -o are considered binary operators for the purpose of the 3 Arg case.
<P>
As you can see, the test becomes (not (x or x)), which is false.
<H3><A NAME="14">14) Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'?</A></H3>
<P>
If a sequence of commands appears in a pipeline, and one of the reading commands finishes before the writer has finished, the writer receives a SIGPIPE signal. Many other shells special-case SIGPIPE as an exit status in the pipeline and do not report it. For example, in:
<BR>
<PRE>
ps -aux | head
</PRE>
<P>
`head' can finish before `ps' writes all of its output, and ps will try to write on a pipe without a reader. In that case, bash will print `Broken pipe' to stderr when ps is killed by a SIGPIPE.
<H3><A NAME="15">15) How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters?</A></H3>
<P>
This is a process requiring several steps.
<P>
First, you must ensure that the `physical' data path is a full eight bits. For xterms, for example, the `vt100' resources `eightBitInput' and `eightBitOutput' should be set to `true'.
<P>
Once you have set up an eight-bit path, you must tell the kernel and tty driver to leave the eigth bit of characters alone when processing keyboard input. Use `stty' to do this:
<BR>
<PRE>
stty cs8 -istrip -parenb
</PRE>
<P>
For old BSD-style systems, you can use
<BR>
<PRE>
stty pass8
</PRE>
<P>
You may also need
<BR>
<PRE>
stty even odd
</PRE>
<P>
Finally, you need to tell readline that you will be inputting and displaying eight-bit characters. You use readline variables to do this. These variables can be set in your .inputrc or using the bash `bind' builtin. Here's an example using `bind':
<BR>
<PRE>
bash$ bind 'set convert-meta off'
bash$ bind 'set meta-flag on'
bash$ bind 'set output-meta on'
</PRE>
<P>
The `set' commands between the single quotes may also be placed in ~/.inputrc.
<H3><A NAME="16">16) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?</A></H3>
<P>
The problem is `cmdtool' and bash fighting over the input. When scrolling is enabled in a cmdtool window, cmdtool puts the tty in `raw mode' to permit command-line editing using the mouse for applications that cannot do it themselves. As a result, bash and cmdtool each try to read keyboard input immediately, with neither getting enough of it to be useful.
<P>
This mode also causes cmdtool to not implement many of the terminal functions and control sequences appearing in the `sun-cmd' termcap entry. For a more complete explanation, see that file examples/suncmd.termcap in the bash distribution.
<P>
`xterm' is a better choice, and gets along with bash much more smoothly.
<P>
If you must use cmdtool, you can use the termcap description in examples/suncmd.termcap. Set the TERMCAP variable to the terminal description contained in that file, i.e.
<BR>
<PRE>
TERMCAP='Mu|sun-cmd:am:bs:km:pt:li#34:co#80:cl=^L:ce=\E[K:cd=\E[J:rs=\E[s:'
</PRE>
<P>
Then export TERMCAP and start a new cmdtool window from that shell. The bash command-line editing should behave better in the new cmdtool. If this works, you can put the assignment to TERMCAP in your bashrc file.
<H3><A NAME="17">17) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but still invoke the command from within the function?</A></H3>
<P>
This is what the `command' and `builtin' builtins are for. The `command' builtin executes the command supplied as its first argument, skipping over any function defined with that name. The `builtin' builtin executes the builtin command given as its first argument directly.
<P>
For example, to write a function to replace `cd' that writes the hostname and current directory to an xterm title bar, use something like the following:
<BR>
<PRE>
cd()
{
builtin cd "$@" &amp;&amp; xtitle "$HOST: $PWD"
}
</PRE>
<P>
This could also be written using `command' instead of `builtin'; the version above is marginally more efficient.
<H3><A NAME="18">18) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash wrap lines at the wrong column?</A></H3>
<P>
Bash does not know that the terminal escape sequences do not take up space on the screen. The redisplay code assumes, unless told otherwise, that each character in the prompt is a `printable' character that takes up one character position on the screen.
<P>
You can use the bash prompt expansion facility (see the PROMPTING section in the manual page) to tell readline that sequences of characters in the prompt strings take up no screen space.
<P>
Use the \[ escape to begin a sequence of non-printing characters, and the \] escape to signal the end of such a sequence.
<H3><A NAME="19">19) I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename completion chop off the first few characters of each filename?</A></H3>
<P>
This is the consequence of building bash on SunOS 5 and linking with the libraries in /usr/ucblib, but using the definitions and structures from files in /usr/include.
<P>
The actual conflict is between the dirent structure in /usr/include/dirent.h and the struct returned by the version of `readdir' in libucb.a (a 4.3-BSD style `struct direct').
<P>
Make sure you've got /usr/ccs/bin ahead of /usr/ucb in your $PATH when building bash. This will ensure that you use /usr/ccs/bin/cc or acc instead of /usr/ucb/cc and that you link with libc before libucb.
<P>
If you have installed the Sun C compiler, you may also need to put /usr/ccs/bin and /opt/SUNWspro/bin into your $PATH before /usr/ucb.
<H3><A NAME="20">20) Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh?</A></H3>
<P>
The only difference between bash and csh brace expansion is that bash requires a brace expression to contain at least one unquoted comma if it is to be expanded. Any brace-surrounded word not containing an unquoted comma is left unchanged by the brace expansion code. This affords the greatest degree of sh compatibility.
<P>
Bash, ksh, zsh, and pd-ksh all implement brace expansion this way.
<H3><A NAME="21">21) Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS?</A></H3>
<P>
This is a famous and long-standing bug in the SunOS YP (sorry, NIS) client library, which is part of libc.
<P>
The YP library code keeps static state -- a pointer into the data returned from the server. When YP initializes itself (setpwent), it looks at this pointer and calls free on it if it's non-null. So far, so good.
<P>
If one of the YP functions is interrupted during getpwent (the exact function is interpretwithsave()), and returns NULL, the pointer is freed without being reset to NULL, and the function returns. The next time getpwent is called, it sees that this pointer is non-null, calls free, and the bash free() blows up because it's being asked to free freed memory.
<P>
The traditional Unix mallocs allow memory to be freed multiple times; that's probably why this has never been fixed. You can probably stop it by adding an #undef USE_GNU_MALLOC to the appropriate machine description in machines.h.
<H3><A NAME="22">22) I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'?</A></H3>
<P>The `@' character is the default `line kill' character in most versions of System V, including SVR4.2. You can change this character to whatever you want using `stty'. For example, to change the line kill character to control-u, type
<BR>
<PRE>
stty kill ^U
</PRE>
<P>
where the `^' and `U' can be two separate characters.
<H3><A NAME="23">23) How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value of another shell variable?</A></H3>
<P>
Use the `eval' builtin. The important thing to remember is that `eval' expands the arguments you give it again, so you need to quote the parts of the arguments that you want `eval' to act on.
<P>
For example, this expression prints the value of the last positional parameter:
<BR>
<PRE>
eval echo \"\$\{$#\}\"
</PRE>
<P>
The expansion of the quoted portions of this expression will be deferred until `eval' runs, while the `$#' will be expanded before `eval' is executed.
<H3><A NAME="24">24) If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes?</A></H3>
<P>
This has to do with the parent-child relationship between Unix processes.
<P>
Each element of a pipeline runs in a separate process, a child of the shell running the pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its parent's environment. When the `read' command sets the variable to the input, that variable is set only in the subshell, not the parent shell. When the subshell exits, the value of the variable is lost.
<P>
Many pipelines that end with `read variable' can be converted into command substitutions, which will capture the output of a specified command. The output can then be assigned to a variable:
<BR>
<PRE>
grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l | read ngroup
</PRE>
<P>
can be converted into
<BR>
<PRE>
ngroup=$(grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l)
</PRE>
<P>
This does not, unfortunately, work to split the text among multiple variables, as read does when given multiple variable arguments. If you need to do this, you can either use the command substitution above to read the output into a variable and chop up the variable using the bash pattern removal expansion operators or use some variant of the following approach.
<P>
Say /usr/local/bin/ipaddr is the following shell script:
<BR>
<PRE>
#! /bin/sh
host `hostname` | awk '/address/ {print $NF}'
</PRE>
<P>
Instead of using
<BR>
<PRE>
/usr/local/bin/ipaddr | read A B C D
</PRE>
<P>
to break the local machine's IP address into separate octets, use
<BR>
<PRE>
OIFS="$IFS"
IFS=.
set -- $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr)
IFS="$OIFS"
A="$1" B="$2" C="$3" D="$4"
</PRE>
<P>
Beware, however, that this will change the shell's positional parameters. If you need them, you should save them before doing this.
<P>
This is the general approach -- in most cases you will not need to set $IFS to a different value.
<H3><A NAME="25">25) I just changed my shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my machine. Why not?</A></H3>
<P>
You must add the full pathname to bash to the file /etc/shells. Many versions of ftpd use this file to prohibit `special' users such as `uucp' and `news' from using FTP.
<H3><A NAME="26">26) I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why not, and how can I make it understand them?</A></H3>
<P>
This is the behavior of echo on most Unix System V machines.
<P>
The bash builtin `echo' is modelled after the 9th Edition Research Unix version of `echo'. It does not interpret backslash-escaped characters in its argument strings by default; it requires the use of the -e option to enable the interpretation. The System V echo provides no way to disable the special characters; the bash echo has a -E option to disable them.
<P>
There is a compile-time option that will make bash behave like the System V echo and interpret things like \t by default. Change config.h so that DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_USG is defined, remove builtins/libbuiltins.a and builtins/echo.o, and rebuild.
<H3><A NAME="27">27) Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers?</A></H3>
<P>
Posix has specified a more powerful, albeit somewhat more confusing, mechanism cribbed from ksh, and bash implements it.
<DL>
<DT>${parameter%word}
<DD>Remove smallest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the smallest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted.
<PRE>
x=file.c
echo ${x%.c}.o
--&gt;file.o
</PRE>
<BR>
<DT>${parameter%%word}
<DD>Remove largest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the largest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted.
<PRE>
x=posix/src/std
echo ${x%%/*}
--&gt;posix
</PRE>
<BR>
<DT>${parameter#word}
<DD>Remove smallest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the smallest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted.
<PRE>
x=$HOME/src/cmd
echo ${x#$HOME}
--&gt;/src/cmd
</PRE>
<BR>
<DT>${parameter##word}
<DD>Remove largest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the largest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted.
<BR>
<PRE>
x=/one/two/three
echo ${x##*/}
--&gt;three
</PRE>
<BR>
</DL>
<P>
Given
<BR>
<PRE>
a=/a/b/c/d
b=b.xxx
csh bash result
--- ---- ------
$a:h ${a%/*} /a/b/c
$a:t ${a##*/} d
$b:r ${b%.*} b
$b:e ${b##*.} xxx
</PRE>
<H3><A NAME="28">28) Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a redirection before a subshell command?</A></H3>
<P>
The actual command in question is something like
<BR>
<PRE>
&lt; file ( command )
</PRE>
<P>
According to the grammar given in the Posix.2 standard, this construct is, in fact, a syntax error. Redirections may only precede `simple commands'. A subshell construct such as the above is one of the shell's `compound commands'. A redirection may only follow a compound command.
<P>
The file CWRU/sh-redir-hack in the 1.14.6 distribution is an (unofficial) patch to parse.y that will modify the grammar to support this construct. It will not apply with `patch'; you must modify parse.y by hand. Note that if you apply this, you must recompile with -DREDIRECTION_HACK. This introduces a large number of reduce/reduce conflicts into the shell grammar.
<H3><A NAME="29">29) How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to another, like csh does with `|&amp;'?</A></H3>
<P>
Use
<BR>
<PRE>
command 2&gt;&amp;1 | command2
</PRE>
<P>
The key is to remember that piping is performed before redirection, so file descriptor 1 points to the pipe when it is duplicated onto file descriptor 2.
<H3><A NAME="30">30) How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and advice?</A></H3>
<P>
Use the `bashbug' script to report bugs. It is built and installed at the same time as bash. It provides a standard template for reporting a problem and automatically includes information about your configuration and build environment.
<P>
`bashbug' sends its reports to <A HREF="mailto:bug-bash@prep.ai.mit.edu">bug-bash@prep.ai.mit.edu</A>, which is a large mailing list gatewayed to the usenet newsgroup <A HREF="news:gnu.bash.bug">gnu.bash.bug</A>.
<P>
Bug fixes, answers to questions, and announcements of new releases are all posted to <A HREF="news:gnu.bash.bug">gnu.bash.bug</A>. Discussions concerning bash features and problems also take place there.
<P>
To reach the bash maintainers directly, send mail to <A HREF="mailto:bash-maintainers@prep.ai.mit.edu">bash-maintainers@prep.ai.mit.edu</A>.
<H3><A NAME="31">31) What kind of bash documentation is there?</A></H3>
<P>First, look in the documentation directory in the bash distribution. It should contain the following files:
<P>
<UL>
<LI>bash.1 - an extensive, thorough Unix-style manual page
<LI>builtins.1 - a manual page covering just bash builtin commands
<LI>features.texi - a Gnu-style info file overview
<LI>FAQ - this file
<LI>article.ms - text of an article written for The Linux Journal
<LI>readline.3 - a man page describing readline
</UL>
<P>
Postscript files created from the above source are also present in the distribution.
<P>
There is additional documentation available for <A HREF="ftp://slc2.ins.cwru.edu/pub/bash/">anonymous FTP from host slc2.ins.cwru.edu</A> in the `pub/bash' directory.
<P>
Cameron Newham has written a book on bash, published by O'Reilly and Associates. The title is ``Learning the Bash Shell''. The ISBN number s 1-56592-147-X. Look for it in fine bookstores near you.
<H3><A NAME="32">32) What's coming in future versions?</A></H3>
<P>
There will be no new features in future releases of version 1.14.
<P>
The next major release, bash-2.0, will contain extensive changes and new features. Here's a short list:
<P>
<UL>
<LI>one-dimensional arrays with a new compound assignment statement, appropriate expansion constructs and modifications to some of the builtins (read, declare, etc.) to use them
<LI>new expansions to do ANSI-C string expansion, locale-specific string translation, substring extraction, pattern replacement, and indirect variable expansion
<LI>new builtins: `disown' and `shopt'
<LI>new variables: HISTIGNORE, SHELLOPTS, PIPESTATUS, DIRSTACK, GLOBIGNORE
<LI>special handling of many unused or redundant variables removed (e.g., $notify, $glob_dot_filenames, $no_exit_on_failed_exec)
<LI>dynamic loading of new builtin commands; many loadable examples provided
<LI>new prompt expansions: \e, \n, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V
<LI>history and aliases available in shell scripts
<LI>new readline variables: enable-keypad, mark-directories, input-meta, visible-stats
<LI>new readline commands to manipulate the mark and operate on the region
<LI>new readline emacs mode commands and bindings for ksh-88 compatibility
<LI>updated and extended builtins
<LI>new DEBUG trap
<LI>expanded (and now documented) restricted shell mode
<LI>the `time' reserved word to time pipelines, shell builtins, and shell functions
</UL>
<H4>implementation stuff:</H4>
<UL>
<LI>autoconf-based configuration
<LI>nearly all of the bugs reported since version 1.14 have been fixed
<LI>most builtins converted to use builtin `getopt' for consistency
<LI>most builtins use -p option to display output in a reusable form (for consistency)
<LI>grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone)
<LI>lots of code now smaller and faster
<LI>test suite greatly expanded
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="33">33) What's on the bash `wish list' for future versions?</A></H3>
<UL>
<LI>Programmable completion a la zsh
<LI>menu completion a la tcsh
<LI>the ksh egrep-style extended pattern matching operators
<LI>associative arrays (not really all that hard)
<LI>breaking some of the shell functionality into embeddable libraries
<LI>better internationalization using GNU `gettext'
<LI>an option to use external files for the long `help' text
<LI>a bash debugger
</UL>
<P>
Much of this will not be in bash-2.0.
<H3><A NAME="34">34) When will the next release appear?</A></H3>
<P>
Version 1.14.6 will probably be the last release for version 1.14.
<P>
The next version will appear sometime in 1996. Never make predictions.
<P>
<HR>
<BR>
This document is Copyright 1995, 1996 by Chester Ramey.
<P>
Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute this document for any purpose, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies of this document and that the contents of this document remain unaltered.
<P>
--
<BR>
``The lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne.'' - Chaucer
<BR>
Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University - Internet: <A HREF="mailto:chet@po.cwru.edu">chet@po.CWRU.Edu</A>
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RBASH(1) RBASH(1)
NNAAMMEE
rbash - restricted bash, see bbaasshh(1)
RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL
If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at
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SSEEEE AALLSSOO
bash(1)
GNU Bash-4.0 2004 Apr 20 RBASH(1)
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(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E F2(rbash)2.929 E F0 .429(turns of)2.929 F 2.929
(fa)-.25 G .729 -.15(ny r)-2.929 H .429(estrictions in the shell).15 F
(spa)108 424.8 Q(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E
F1(SEE ALSO)72 441.6 Q F0(bash\(1\))108 453.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(1)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
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exit (EX_NOTFOUND); /* Posix.2 says the exit status is 127 */
}
#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
/* May need to reinitialize more of the job control state here. */
kill_current_pipeline ();
#endif
wl = make_word_list (make_word (NOTFOUND_HOOK), words);
exit (execute_shell_function (hookf, wl));
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../../COPYING
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@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
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the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h
-1
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
../../include/ansi_stdlib.h
lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h
+54
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
/* ansi_stdlib.h -- An ANSI Standard stdlib.h. */
/* A minimal stdlib.h containing extern declarations for those functions
that bash uses. */
/* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#if !defined (_STDLIB_H_)
#define _STDLIB_H_ 1
/* String conversion functions. */
extern int atoi ();
extern double atof ();
extern double strtod ();
/* Memory allocation functions. */
/* Generic pointer type. */
#ifndef PTR_T
#if defined (__STDC__)
# define PTR_T void *
#else
# define PTR_T char *
#endif
#endif /* PTR_T */
extern PTR_T malloc ();
extern PTR_T realloc ();
extern void free ();
/* Other miscellaneous functions. */
extern void abort ();
extern void exit ();
extern char *getenv ();
extern void qsort ();
#endif /* _STDLIB_H */
lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi
-1
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
../../../doc/fdl.texi
lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi
+506
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@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
@c The GNU Free Documentation License.
@center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
@c This file is intended to be included within another document,
@c hence no sectioning command or @node.
@display
Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@uref{http://fsf.org/}
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
@end display
@enumerate 0
@item
PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
@item
APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below,
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
under copyright law.
A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.
The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
Sections then there are none.
The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
@sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
@acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML},
PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples
of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
@acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
@acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are
not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
output purposes only.
The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
The ``publisher'' means any person or entity that distributes copies
of the Document to the public.
A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title''
of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
no effect on the meaning of this License.
@item
VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
@item
COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a computer-network location from which the general network-using
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
@item
MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
@enumerate A
@item
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
@item
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
unless they release you from this requirement.
@item
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
@item
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
@item
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
@item
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
@item
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
@item
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
@item
Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
@item
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
@item
For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.
@item
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
@item
Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
@item
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
@item
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
@end enumerate
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
@item
COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all
sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
@item
COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
@item
AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
aggregate.
@item
TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.
@item
TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
not give you any rights to use it.
@item
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
@uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
Document.
@item
RELICENSING
``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site'' (or ``MMC Site'') means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration'' (or ``MMC'') contained in the
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
site.
``CC-BY-SA'' means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.
``Incorporate'' means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
in part, as part of another Document.
An MMC is ``eligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
@end enumerate
@page
@heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
@smallexample
@group
Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.
@end group
@end smallexample
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this:
@smallexample
@group
with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
being @var{list}.
@end group
@end smallexample
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
@c Local Variables:
@c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
@c End:
lib/readline/posixdir.h
-1
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
../../include/posixdir.h
lib/readline/posixdir.h
+71
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@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
/* posixdir.h -- Posix directory reading includes and defines. */
/* Copyright (C) 1987,1991,2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/* This file should be included instead of <dirent.h> or <sys/dir.h>. */
#if !defined (_POSIXDIR_H_)
#define _POSIXDIR_H_
#if defined (HAVE_DIRENT_H)
# include <dirent.h>
# if defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN)
# define D_NAMLEN(d) ((d)->d_namlen)
# else
# define D_NAMLEN(d) (strlen ((d)->d_name))
# endif /* !HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN */
#else
# if defined (HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H)
# include <sys/ndir.h>
# endif
# if defined (HAVE_SYS_DIR_H)
# include <sys/dir.h>
# endif
# if defined (HAVE_NDIR_H)
# include <ndir.h>
# endif
# if !defined (dirent)
# define dirent direct
# endif /* !dirent */
# define D_NAMLEN(d) ((d)->d_namlen)
#endif /* !HAVE_DIRENT_H */
/* The bash code fairly consistenly uses d_fileno; make sure it's available */
#if defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO) && !defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO)
# define d_fileno d_ino
#endif
/* Posix does not require that the d_ino field be present, and some
systems do not provide it. */
#if !defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO) || defined (BROKEN_DIRENT_D_INO)
# define REAL_DIR_ENTRY(dp) 1
#else
# define REAL_DIR_ENTRY(dp) (dp->d_ino != 0)
#endif /* _POSIX_SOURCE */
#if defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO) && !defined (BROKEN_DIRENT_D_INO)
# define D_INO_AVAILABLE
#endif
/* Signal the rest of the code that it can safely use dirent.d_fileno */
#if defined (D_INO_AVAILABLE) || defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO)
# define D_FILENO_AVAILABLE 1
#endif
#endif /* !_POSIXDIR_H_ */
lib/readline/posixjmp.h
-1
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
../../include/posixjmp.h
lib/readline/posixjmp.h
+42
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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
/* posixjmp.h -- wrapper for setjmp.h with changes for POSIX systems. */
/* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#ifndef _POSIXJMP_H_
#define _POSIXJMP_H_
#include <setjmp.h>
/* This *must* be included *after* config.h */
#if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGSETJMP)
# define procenv_t sigjmp_buf
# if !defined (__OPENNT)
# undef setjmp
# define setjmp(x) sigsetjmp((x), 1)
# define setjmp_nosigs(x) sigsetjmp((x), 0)
# undef longjmp
# define longjmp(x, n) siglongjmp((x), (n))
# endif /* !__OPENNT */
#else
# define procenv_t jmp_buf
# define setjmp_nosigs setjmp
#endif
#endif /* _POSIXJMP_H_ */
lib/readline/posixselect.h
-1
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
../../include/posixselect.h
lib/readline/posixselect.h
+47
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@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
/* posixselect.h -- wrapper for select(2) includes and definitions */
/* Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#ifndef _POSIXSELECT_H_
#define _POSIXSELECT_H_
#if defined (FD_SET) && !defined (HAVE_SELECT)
# define HAVE_SELECT 1
#endif
#if defined (HAVE_SELECT)
# if !defined (HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H) || !defined (M_UNIX)
# include <sys/time.h>
# endif
#endif /* HAVE_SELECT */
#if defined (HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H)
# include <sys/select.h>
#endif
#ifndef USEC_PER_SEC
# define USEC_PER_SEC 1000000
#endif
#define USEC_TO_TIMEVAL(us, tv) \
do { \
(tv).tv_sec = (us) / USEC_PER_SEC; \
(tv).tv_usec = (us) % USEC_PER_SEC; \
} while (0)
#endif /* _POSIXSELECT_H_ */
lib/readline/posixstat.h
-1
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
../../include/posixstat.h
lib/readline/posixstat.h
+142
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@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
/* posixstat.h -- Posix stat(2) definitions for systems that
don't have them. */
/* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/* This file should be included instead of <sys/stat.h>.
It relies on the local sys/stat.h to work though. */
#if !defined (_POSIXSTAT_H_)
#define _POSIXSTAT_H_
#include <sys/stat.h>
#if defined (STAT_MACROS_BROKEN)
# undef S_ISBLK
# undef S_ISCHR
# undef S_ISDIR
# undef S_ISFIFO
# undef S_ISREG
# undef S_ISLNK
#endif /* STAT_MACROS_BROKEN */
/* These are guaranteed to work only on isc386 */
#if !defined (S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_ISDIR)
# define S_IFDIR 0040000
#endif /* !S_IFDIR && !S_ISDIR */
#if !defined (S_IFMT)
# define S_IFMT 0170000
#endif /* !S_IFMT */
/* Posix 1003.1 5.6.1.1 <sys/stat.h> file types */
/* Some Posix-wannabe systems define _S_IF* macros instead of S_IF*, but
do not provide the S_IS* macros that Posix requires. */
#if defined (_S_IFMT) && !defined (S_IFMT)
#define S_IFMT _S_IFMT
#endif
#if defined (_S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_IFIFO)
#define S_IFIFO _S_IFIFO
#endif
#if defined (_S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_IFCHR)
#define S_IFCHR _S_IFCHR
#endif
#if defined (_S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_IFDIR)
#define S_IFDIR _S_IFDIR
#endif
#if defined (_S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_IFBLK)
#define S_IFBLK _S_IFBLK
#endif
#if defined (_S_IFREG) && !defined (S_IFREG)
#define S_IFREG _S_IFREG
#endif
#if defined (_S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_IFLNK)
#define S_IFLNK _S_IFLNK
#endif
#if defined (_S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_IFSOCK)
#define S_IFSOCK _S_IFSOCK
#endif
/* Test for each symbol individually and define the ones necessary (some
systems claiming Posix compatibility define some but not all). */
#if defined (S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_ISBLK)
#define S_ISBLK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK) /* block device */
#endif
#if defined (S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_ISCHR)
#define S_ISCHR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR) /* character device */
#endif
#if defined (S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_ISDIR)
#define S_ISDIR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) /* directory */
#endif
#if defined (S_IFREG) && !defined (S_ISREG)
#define S_ISREG(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) /* file */
#endif
#if defined (S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_ISFIFO)
#define S_ISFIFO(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO) /* fifo - named pipe */
#endif
#if defined (S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_ISLNK)
#define S_ISLNK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) /* symbolic link */
#endif
#if defined (S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_ISSOCK)
#define S_ISSOCK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK) /* socket */
#endif
/*
* POSIX 1003.1 5.6.1.2 <sys/stat.h> File Modes
*/
#if !defined (S_IRWXU)
# if !defined (S_IREAD)
# define S_IREAD 00400
# define S_IWRITE 00200
# define S_IEXEC 00100
# endif /* S_IREAD */
# if !defined (S_IRUSR)
# define S_IRUSR S_IREAD /* read, owner */
# define S_IWUSR S_IWRITE /* write, owner */
# define S_IXUSR S_IEXEC /* execute, owner */
# define S_IRGRP (S_IREAD >> 3) /* read, group */
# define S_IWGRP (S_IWRITE >> 3) /* write, group */
# define S_IXGRP (S_IEXEC >> 3) /* execute, group */
# define S_IROTH (S_IREAD >> 6) /* read, other */
# define S_IWOTH (S_IWRITE >> 6) /* write, other */
# define S_IXOTH (S_IEXEC >> 6) /* execute, other */
# endif /* !S_IRUSR */
# define S_IRWXU (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR)
# define S_IRWXG (S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IXGRP)
# define S_IRWXO (S_IROTH | S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH)
#endif /* !S_IRWXU */
/* These are non-standard, but are used in builtins.c$symbolic_umask() */
#define S_IRUGO (S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)
#define S_IWUGO (S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH)
#define S_IXUGO (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)
#endif /* _POSIXSTAT_H_ */

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