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This commit is contained in:
Chet Ramey
2020-03-27 10:30:38 -04:00
parent 0b39c3bcd3
commit 5f49ef47d1
50 changed files with 6699 additions and 5944 deletions
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doc/bash.0
+56 -23
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@@ -1309,9 +1309,11 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS
while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the
command _s_e_t _-_o _p_o_s_i_x had been executed. When the shell enters
_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it sets this variable if it was not already set.
PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD
If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each
primary prompt.
PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
If this array variable is set, the value of each set element is
executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. If
this is not set, but PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD is set to a value, its value
is used as a command to execute instead.
PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM
If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding
@@ -1427,14 +1429,22 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS
rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
_n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_-
_n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e may be of the form [_s_u_b_-
_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but
_s_t_r_i_n_g. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and
subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index
of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
When assigning to an associative array, the words in a compound assign-
ment may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is
required, or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of al-
ternating keys and values: _n_a_m_e=(( _k_e_y_1 _v_a_l_u_e_1 _k_e_y_2 _v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)). These
are treated identically to _n_a_m_e=(( [_k_e_y_1]=_v_a_l_u_e_1 [_k_e_y_2]=_v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)).
The first word in the list determines how the remaining words are in-
terpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type. When
using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty; a final
missing value is treated like the empty string.
This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array
elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax in-
@@ -1825,6 +1835,15 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a
single letter:
UU The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r
with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper-
case.
uu The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r
with the first character converted to uppercase, if it is
alphabetic.
LL The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r
with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower-
case.
QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r
quoted in a format that can be reused as input.
EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r
@@ -1836,6 +1855,9 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment
statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will
recreate _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with its attributes and value.
KK Identical to AA, except that it prints compound assignment
statements that recreate associative arrays as a sequence
of key-value pairs (see AArrrraayyss above).
aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep-
resenting _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r's attributes.
@@ -3511,10 +3533,14 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
if the current Readline line does not take up more than one
physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is
not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
cclleeaarr--ddiissppllaayy ((MM--CC--ll))
Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback
buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line
at the top of the screen.
cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll))
Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the
screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without
clearing the screen.
Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the cur-
rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh
the current line without clearing the screen.
rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee
Refresh the current line.
@@ -4617,8 +4643,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than
or equal to 1.
ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiiIIllnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiiIIllnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are
given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will
display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used
@@ -4635,9 +4661,13 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
_n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option implies
--ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or modified at
the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a shell func-
tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The following options
can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified
attribute or to give variables attributes:
tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The --II option causes
local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f
attribute) and value of any existing variable with the same _n_a_m_e
at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the
local variable is initially unset. The following options can be
used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri-
bute or to give variables attributes:
--aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss
above).
--AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss
@@ -5970,7 +6000,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
uulliimmiitt [--HHSSaabbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPTT [_l_i_m_i_t]]
uulliimmiitt [--HHSSaabbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPRRTT [_l_i_m_i_t]]
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
@@ -6011,16 +6041,19 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
shell and, on some systems, to its children
--xx The maximum number of file locks
--PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
--RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds
--TT The maximum number of threads
If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the
new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte
blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values;
and, when in posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre-
ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu-
ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the
new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp,
which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and
--uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and
--ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e]
The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with
@@ -6209,4 +6242,4 @@ BBUUGGSS
GNU Bash 5.0 2020 January 29 BASH(1)
GNU Bash 5.0 2020 March 24 BASH(1)
doc/bash.1
+63 -73
View File
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
.\" Last Change: Tue Mar 17 18:27:36 EDT 2020
.\" Last Change: Tue Mar 24 16:38:43 EDT 2020
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
.TH BASH 1 "2020 March 17" "GNU Bash 5.0"
.TH BASH 1 "2020 March 24" "GNU Bash 5.0"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ files, the
option has no effect.
A non-interactive shell invoked with the name
.B sh
does not attempt to read any other startup files.
does not attempt to read any other startup files.
When invoked as
.BR sh ,
.B bash
@@ -452,7 +452,6 @@ and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
.SH DEFINITIONS
.PP
The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this
document.
.PD 0
@@ -481,7 +480,6 @@ A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the following:
.if t \fB| & ; ( ) < > space tab newline\fP
.if n \fB| & ; ( ) < > space tab newline\fP
.RE
.PP
.TP
.B control operator
A \fItoken\fP that performs a control function. It is one of the following
@@ -511,7 +509,6 @@ command:
.if t .RE
.SH "SHELL GRAMMAR"
.SS Simple Commands
.PP
A \fIsimple command\fP is a sequence of optional variable assignments
followed by \fBblank\fP-separated words and redirections, and
terminated by a \fIcontrol operator\fP. The first word
@@ -522,7 +519,6 @@ The return value of a \fIsimple command\fP is its exit status, or
128+\fIn\^\fP if the command is terminated by signal
.IR n .
.SS Pipelines
.PP
A \fIpipeline\fP is a sequence of one or more commands separated by
one of the control operators
.B |
@@ -599,7 +595,6 @@ If the \fBlastpipe\fP option is enabled using the \fBshopt\fP builtin
(see the description of \fBshopt\fP below),
the last element of a pipeline may be run by the shell process.
.SS Lists
.PP
A \fIlist\fP is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one
of the operators
.BR ; ,
@@ -657,7 +652,6 @@ An OR list has the form
.RS
.PP
\fIcommand1\fP \fB||\fP \fIcommand2\fP
.PP
.RE
.PP
.I command2
@@ -668,7 +662,6 @@ The return status of
AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last command
executed in the list.
.SS Compound Commands
.PP
A \fIcompound command\fP is one of the following.
In most cases a \fIlist\fP in a command's description may be separated from
the rest of the command by one or more newlines, and may be followed by a
@@ -942,7 +935,6 @@ is the exit status
of the last command executed in \fIlist-2\fP, or zero if
none was executed.
.SS Coprocesses
.PP
A \fIcoprocess\fP is a shell command preceded by the \fBcoproc\fP reserved
word.
A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
@@ -989,7 +981,6 @@ Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command,
the \fBcoproc\fP command always returns success.
The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of \fIcommand\fP.
.SS Shell Function Definitions
.PP
A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
Shell functions are declared as follows:
@@ -1323,7 +1314,6 @@ Namerefs can be unset using the \fB\-n\fP option to the \fBunset\fP builtin.
Otherwise, if \fBunset\fP is executed with the name of a nameref variable
as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref variable will be unset.
.SS Positional Parameters
.PP
A
.I positional parameter
is a parameter denoted by one or more
@@ -1344,7 +1334,6 @@ digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see
.B EXPANSION
below).
.SS Special Parameters
.PP
The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
.PD 0
@@ -1402,7 +1391,7 @@ Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground
pipeline.
.TP
.B \-
Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invocation,
Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invocation,
by the
.B set
builtin command, or those set by the shell itself
@@ -1442,7 +1431,6 @@ to the filename used to invoke
as given by argument zero.
.PD
.SS Shell Variables
.PP
The following variables are set by the shell:
.PP
.PD 0
@@ -2161,7 +2149,7 @@ filename completion (see
.SM
.B READLINE
below).
A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in
A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in
.SM
.B FIGNORE
is excluded from the list of matched filenames.
@@ -2469,9 +2457,13 @@ had been executed.
When the shell enters \fIposix mode\fP, it sets this variable if it was
not already set.
.TP
.B PROMPT_COMMANDS
If this array variable is set,
the value of each set element is executed as a command
prior to issuing each primary prompt.
If this is not set, but
.B PROMPT_COMMAND
If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
prompt.
is set to a value, its value is used as a command to execute instead.
.TP
.B PROMPT_DIRTRIM
If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
@@ -2684,14 +2676,24 @@ builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
.PP
Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
\fIname\fP=\fB(\fPvalue\fI1\fP ... value\fIn\fP\fB)\fP, where each
\fIvalue\fP is of the form [\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIstring\fP.
\fIvalue\fP may be of the form [\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIstring\fP.
Indexed array assignments do not require anything but \fIstring\fP.
When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and subscript
are supplied, that index is assigned to;
otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
.PP
When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
When assigning to an associative array, the words in a compound assignment
may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is required,
or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of alternating keys
and values:
\fIname\fP=\fB( \fP\fIkey1 value1 key2 value2\fP ...\fB)\fP.
These are treated identically to
\fIname\fP=\fB(\fP [\fIkey1\fP]=\fIvalue1\fP [\fIkey2\fP]=\fIvalue2\fP ...\fB)\fP.
The first word in the list determines how the remaining words
are interpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type.
When using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty;
a final missing value is treated like the empty string.
.PP
This syntax is also accepted by the
.B declare
@@ -2830,7 +2832,6 @@ as explained above (see
.SM
.BR PARAMETERS ).
.SS Brace Expansion
.PP
.I "Brace expansion"
is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings
may be generated. This mechanism is similar to
@@ -2928,7 +2929,6 @@ command (see
.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
below).
.SS Tilde Expansion
.PP
If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`\fB~\fP'), all of
the characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters,
if there is no unquoted slash) are considered a \fItilde-prefix\fP.
@@ -2991,7 +2991,6 @@ when they appear as arguments to simple commands.
Bash does not do this, except for the \fIdeclaration\fP commands listed
above, when in \fIposix mode\fP.
.SS Parameter Expansion
.PP
The `\fB$\fP' character introduces parameter expansion,
command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name
or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which
@@ -3355,6 +3354,18 @@ or information about \fIparameter\fP itself, depending on the value of
.RS
.PD 0
.TP
.B U
The expansion is a string that is the value of \fIparameter\fP with lowercase
alphabetic characters converted to uppercase.
.TP
.B u
The expansion is a string that is the value of \fIparameter\fP with the first
character converted to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.
.TP
.B L
The expansion is a string that is the value of \fIparameter\fP with uppercase
alphabetic characters converted to lowercase.
.TP
.B Q
The expansion is a string that is the value of \fIparameter\fP quoted in a
format that can be reused as input.
@@ -3372,6 +3383,12 @@ The expansion is a string in the form of
an assignment statement or \fBdeclare\fP command that, if
evaluated, will recreate \fIparameter\fP with its attributes and value.
.TP
.B K
Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of \fIparameter\fP,
except that it prints the values of
indexed and associative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs
(see \fBArrays\fP above).
.TP
.B a
The expansion is a string consisting of flag values representing
\fIparameter\fP's attributes.
@@ -3398,7 +3415,6 @@ The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and pathname
expansion as described below.
.RE
.SS Command Substitution
.PP
\fICommand substitution\fP allows the output of a command to replace
the command name. There are two forms:
.RS
@@ -3436,7 +3452,6 @@ escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
.SS Arithmetic Expansion
.PP
Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:
.RS
@@ -3462,7 +3477,6 @@ is invalid,
.B bash
prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
.SS Process Substitution
.PP
\fIProcess substitution\fP allows a process's input or output to be
referred to using a filename.
It takes the form of
@@ -3486,7 +3500,6 @@ simultaneously with parameter and variable expansion,
command substitution,
and arithmetic expansion.
.SS Word Splitting
.PP
The shell scans the results of
parameter expansion,
command substitution,
@@ -3571,7 +3584,6 @@ null argument removal.
Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
is performed.
.SS Pathname Expansion
.PP
After word splitting,
unless the
.B \-f
@@ -3831,7 +3843,6 @@ contain multiple matches.
Using separate matches against shorter strings, or using arrays of
strings instead of a single long string, may be faster.
.SS Quote Removal
.PP
After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the
characters
.BR \e ,
@@ -3947,7 +3958,6 @@ Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses
internally.
.SS Redirecting Input
.PP
Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from
the expansion of
.I word
@@ -3963,7 +3973,6 @@ The general format for redirecting input is:
[\fIn\fP]\fB<\fP\fIword\fP
.RE
.SS Redirecting Output
.PP
Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from
the expansion of
.I word
@@ -4000,7 +4009,6 @@ option to the
builtin command is not enabled, the redirection is attempted even
if the file named by \fIword\fP exists.
.SS Appending Redirected Output
.PP
Redirection of output in this fashion
causes the file whose name results from
the expansion of
@@ -4016,9 +4024,7 @@ The general format for appending output is:
.PP
[\fIn\fP]\fB>>\fP\fIword\fP
.RE
.PP
.SS Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error
.PP
This construct allows both the
standard output (file descriptor 1) and
the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
@@ -4049,7 +4055,6 @@ When using the second form, \fIword\fP may not expand to a number or
(see \fBDuplicating File Descriptors\fP below) for compatibility
reasons.
.SS Appending Standard Output and Standard Error
.PP
This construct allows both the
standard output (file descriptor 1) and
the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
@@ -4071,7 +4076,6 @@ This is semantically equivalent to
.PP
(see \fBDuplicating File Descriptors\fP below).
.SS Here Documents
.PP
This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
current source until a line containing only
.I delimiter
@@ -4138,7 +4142,6 @@ The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline appended,
to the command on its
standard input (or file descriptor \fIn\fP if \fIn\fP is specified).
.SS "Duplicating File Descriptors"
.PP
The redirection operator
.RS
.PP
@@ -4187,7 +4190,6 @@ As a special case, if \fIn\fP is omitted, and \fIword\fP does not
expand to one or more digits or \fB\-\fP, the standard output and standard
error are redirected as described previously.
.SS "Moving File Descriptors"
.PP
The redirection operator
.RS
.PP
@@ -4209,7 +4211,6 @@ moves the file descriptor \fIdigit\fP to file descriptor
.IR n ,
or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if \fIn\fP is not specified.
.SS "Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing"
.PP
The redirection operator
.RS
.PP
@@ -4433,7 +4434,7 @@ shell option is enabled).
Functions may be exported so that subshells
automatically have them defined with the
.B \-f
option to the
option to the
.B export
builtin.
A function definition may be deleted using the \fB\-f\fP option to
@@ -4726,7 +4727,7 @@ When used with the \fB[[\fP command,
.I Arg1
and
.I Arg2
are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see
are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see
.SM
.B "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION"
above).
@@ -4970,7 +4971,6 @@ invokes an external command, the variable
is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that
command in its environment.
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.PP
The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
\fIwaitpid\fP system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses
fall between 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may
@@ -5141,7 +5141,7 @@ Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when
terminal are sent a
.SM
.B SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU)
signal by the kernel's terminal driver,
signal by the kernel's terminal driver,
which, unless caught, suspends the process.
.PP
If the operating system on which
@@ -5442,7 +5442,6 @@ options to the
.B set
builtin.
.SS "Readline Notation"
.PP
In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote
keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C\-\fIkey\fR, e.g., C\-n
means Control\-N. Similarly,
@@ -5478,7 +5477,6 @@ accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once.
Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text
on the kill ring.
.SS "Readline Initialization"
.PP
Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization
file (the \fIinputrc\fP file).
The name of this file is taken from the value of the
@@ -5532,7 +5530,6 @@ and
In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a \fImacro\fP).
.SS "Readline Key Bindings"
.PP
The syntax for controlling key bindings in the
.I inputrc
file is simple. All that is required is the name of the
@@ -5683,7 +5680,6 @@ builtin command (see
.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
below).
.SS "Readline Variables"
.PP
Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its
behavior. A variable may be set in the
.I inputrc
@@ -6004,7 +6000,6 @@ by \fIstat\fP(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible
completions.
.PD
.SS "Readline Conditional Constructs"
.PP
Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key
bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result
@@ -6056,7 +6051,7 @@ The version number supplied on the right side of the operator consists
of a major version number, an optional decimal point, and an optional
minor version (e.g., \fB7.1\fP). If the minor version is omitted, it
is assumed to be \fB0\fP.
The operator may be separated from the string \fBversion\fP
The operator may be separated from the string \fBversion\fP
and from the version number argument by whitespace.
.IP \fBapplication\fP
The \fBapplication\fP construct is used to include
@@ -6102,7 +6097,6 @@ would read \fI/etc/inputrc\fP:
.fi
.RE
.SS Searching
.PP
Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
(see
.SM
@@ -6145,7 +6139,6 @@ Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
to search for matching history lines. The search string may be
typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
.SS "Readline Command Names"
.PP
The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
key sequences to which they are bound.
Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.
@@ -6154,7 +6147,6 @@ position, and \fImark\fP refers to a cursor position saved by the
\fBset\-mark\fP command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the \fIregion\fP.
.SS Commands for Moving
.PP
.PD 0
.TP
.B beginning\-of\-line (C\-a)
@@ -6188,7 +6180,7 @@ Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
.B previous\-screen\-line
Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the previous
physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect if the current
Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if point is not
Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if point is not
greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
.TP
.B next\-screen\-line
@@ -6198,8 +6190,15 @@ Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if the length
of the current Readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt
plus the screen width.
.TP
.B clear\-display (M\-C\-l)
Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback buffer,
then redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
.TP
.B clear\-screen (C\-l)
Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
Clear the screen,
then redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the
screen.
.TP
@@ -6207,7 +6206,6 @@ screen.
Refresh the current line.
.PD
.SS Commands for Manipulating the History
.PP
.PD 0
.TP
.B accept\-line (Newline, Return)
@@ -6260,7 +6258,7 @@ between the start of the current line and the point.
This is a non-incremental search.
.TP
.B history\-substring\-search\-backward
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the current cursor
position (the \fIpoint\fP).
The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
@@ -6349,7 +6347,6 @@ commands.
and \fIemacs\fP as the editor, in that order.
.PD
.SS Commands for Changing Text
.PP
.PD 0
.TP
.B \fIend\-of\-file\fP (usually C\-d)
@@ -6424,7 +6421,6 @@ Characters bound to \fBbackward\-delete\-char\fP replace the character
before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound.
.PD
.SS Killing and Yanking
.PP
.PD 0
.TP
.B kill\-line (C\-k)
@@ -6495,7 +6491,6 @@ or
.BR yank\-pop .
.PD
.SS Numeric Arguments
.PP
.PD 0
.TP
.B digit\-argument (M\-0, M\-1, ..., M\-\-)
@@ -6517,7 +6512,6 @@ first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the
argument count sixteen, and so on.
.PD
.SS Completing
.PP
.PD 0
.TP
.B complete (TAB)
@@ -6622,7 +6616,6 @@ enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see
above).
.PD
.SS Keyboard Macros
.PP
.PD 0
.TP
.B start\-kbd\-macro (C\-x (\^)
@@ -6641,7 +6634,6 @@ Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for the
\fIinputrc\fP file.
.PD
.SS Miscellaneous
.PP
.PD 0
.TP
.B re\-read\-init\-file (C\-x C\-r)
@@ -6655,8 +6647,8 @@ ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
.TP
.B do\-lowercase\-version (M\-A, M\-B, M\-\fIx\fP, ...)
If the metafied character \fIx\fP is uppercase, run the command
that is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character.
The behavior is undefined if \fIx\fP is already lowercase.
that is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character.
The behavior is undefined if \fIx\fP is already lowercase.
.TP
.B prefix\-meta (ESC)
Metafy the next character typed.
@@ -6759,7 +6751,6 @@ Display version information about the current instance of
.BR bash .
.PD
.SS Programmable Completion
.PP
When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
which a completion specification (a \fIcompspec\fP) has been defined
using the \fBcomplete\fP builtin (see
@@ -7077,7 +7068,6 @@ builtin below under
.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
for information on setting and unsetting shell options.
.SH "HISTORY EXPANSION"
.PP
The shell supports a history expansion feature that
is similar to the history expansion in
.BR csh .
@@ -7171,7 +7161,6 @@ The shell uses
the history comment character to mark history timestamps when
writing the history file.
.SS Event Designators
.PP
An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
history list.
Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current
@@ -7225,7 +7214,6 @@ Equivalent to
The entire command line typed so far.
.PD
.SS Word Designators
.PP
Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
A
.B :
@@ -7282,13 +7270,11 @@ If \fBx\fP is missing, it defaults to 0.
If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
.SS Modifiers
.PP
After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of
one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
These modify, or edit, the word or words selected from the history event.
.PP
.PD 0
.PP
.TP
.B h
Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head.
@@ -10630,7 +10616,7 @@ option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the \fBcommand\fP builtin.
returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if
any are not found.
.TP
\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-HSabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPT\fP [\fIlimit\fP]]
\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-HSabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPRT\fP [\fIlimit\fP]]
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and to
processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The \fB\-H\fP and \fB\-S\fP options specify that the hard or soft limit is
@@ -10720,6 +10706,9 @@ The maximum number of file locks
.B \-P
The maximum number of pseudoterminals
.TP
.B \-R
The maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking, in microseconds
.TP
.B \-T
The maximum number of threads
.PD
@@ -10735,6 +10724,8 @@ If no option is given, then
is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for
.BR \-t ,
which is in seconds;
.BR \-R ,
which is in microseconds;
.BR \-p ,
which is in units of 512-byte blocks;
.BR \-P ,
@@ -11068,7 +11059,6 @@ Comments and bug reports concerning
this manual page should be directed to
.IR chet.ramey@case.edu .
.SH BUGS
.PP
It's too big and too slow.
.PP
There are some subtle differences between
doc/bash.pdf
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+5713 -5651
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doc/bashref.texi
+48 -14
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@@ -2311,6 +2311,15 @@ or information about @var{parameter} itself, depending on the value of
@var{operator}. Each @var{operator} is a single letter:
@table @code
@item U
The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} with lowercase
alphabetic characters converted to uppercase.
@item u
The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} with the first
character converted to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.
@item L
The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} with uppercase
alphabetic characters converted to lowercase.
@item Q
The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} quoted in a
format that can be reused as input.
@@ -2324,6 +2333,11 @@ The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of
The expansion is a string in the form of
an assignment statement or @code{declare} command that, if
evaluated, will recreate @var{parameter} with its attributes and value.
@item K
Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of @var{parameter},
except that it prints the values of
indexed and associative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs
(@pxref{Arrays}).
@item a
The expansion is a string consisting of flag values representing
@var{parameter}'s attributes.
@@ -4763,6 +4777,9 @@ The maximum number of file locks.
@item -P
The maximum number of pseudoterminals.
@item -R
The maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking, in microseconds.
@item -T
The maximum number of threads.
@end table
@@ -4779,8 +4796,10 @@ is printed, unless the @option{-H} option is supplied.
When setting new limits, if neither @option{-H} nor @option{-S} is supplied,
both the hard and soft limits are set.
If no option is given, then @option{-f} is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte
increments, except for @option{-t}, which is in seconds; @option{-p},
which is in units of 512-byte blocks;
increments, except for
@option{-t}, which is in seconds;
@option{-R}, which is in microseconds;
@option{-p}, which is in units of 512-byte blocks;
@option{-P},
@option{-T},
@option{-b},
@@ -6272,9 +6291,13 @@ not already set.
The process @sc{id} of the shell's parent process. This variable
is readonly.
@item PROMPT_COMMAND
If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute
before the printing of each primary prompt (@env{$PS1}).
@item PROMPT_COMMANDS
If this array variable is set,
the value of each set element is interpreted as a command to execute
before printing the primary prompt (@env{$PS1}).
If this is not set, but
@env{PROMPT_COMMAND}
is set to a value, its value is used as a command to execute instead.
@item PROMPT_DIRTRIM
If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
@@ -6283,7 +6306,7 @@ trailing directory components to retain when expanding the @code{\w} and
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
@item PS0
The value of this parameter is expanded like @var{PS1}
The value of this parameter is expanded like @env{PS1}
and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command
and before the command is executed.
@@ -6820,8 +6843,8 @@ See @ref{Controlling the Prompt}, for a complete list of prompt
string escape sequences.
@item
Bash executes the value of the @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} variable as a command
before printing the primary prompt, @env{$PS1}
Bash executes the values of the set elements of the @env{PROMPT_COMMANDS}
array variable as commands before printing the primary prompt, @env{$PS1}
(@pxref{Bash Variables}).
@item
@@ -7281,14 +7304,24 @@ Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
@end example
@noindent
where each
@var{value} is of the form @code{[@var{subscript}]=}@var{string}.
@var{value} may be of the form @code{[@var{subscript}]=}@var{string}.
Indexed array assignments do not require anything but @var{string}.
When assigning to indexed arrays, if
the optional subscript is supplied, that index is assigned to;
otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
When assigning to an associative array, the words in a compound assignment
may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is required,
or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of alternating keys
and values:
@var{name}=(@var{key1} @var{value1} @var{key2} @var{value2} @dots{} ).
These are treated identically to
@var{name}=( [@var{key1}]=@var{value1} [@var{key2}]=@var{value2} @dots{} ).
The first word in the list determines how the remaining words
are interpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type.
When using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty;
a final missing value is treated like the empty string.
This syntax is also accepted by the @code{declare}
builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
@@ -7485,10 +7518,11 @@ to the @code{cd} builtin.
@section Controlling the Prompt
@cindex prompting
The value of the variable @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} is examined just before
Bash prints each primary prompt. If @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} is set and
has a non-null value, then the
value is executed just as if it had been typed on the command line.
Bash examines the value of the array variable @env{PROMPT_COMMANDS} just before
printing each primary prompt.
If any elements in @env{PROMPT_COMMANDS} are set and non-null, Bash
executes each value, in numeric order,
just as if it had been typed on the command line.
In addition, the following table describes the special characters which
can appear in the prompt variables @env{PS0}, @env{PS1}, @env{PS2}, and
doc/version.texi
+2 -2
View File
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
Copyright (C) 1988-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
@set LASTCHANGE Tue Mar 17 18:27:12 EDT 2020
@set LASTCHANGE Tue Mar 24 16:38:56 EDT 2020
@set EDITION 5.0
@set VERSION 5.0
@set UPDATED 17 March 2020
@set UPDATED 24 March 2020
@set UPDATED-MONTH March 2020