Imported from ../bash-4.0.tar.gz.

2026-07-01 17:39:56 +02:00 · 2009-09-12 16:47:02 +00:00
parent 3185942a52
commit 17345e5ad2
134 changed files with 74214 additions and 4584 deletions
@@ -1,3 +1,59 @@
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-release,
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-rc1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Changed the message printed when setlocale(3) fails to only include the
+    strerror error text if the call changes errno.
+
+b.  Changed trap command execution to reset the line number before running a
+    trap (except DEBUG and RETURN traps).
+
+c.  Fixed behavior of case-modifiying word expansions to not work on
+    individual words within a variable's value.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not be interruptible when run in an
+    interactive shell.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not run callbacks for the first line
+    read.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not honor EOF typed in an interactive
+    shell.
+
+g.  Fixed the coprocess reaping code to not run straight from a signal handler.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused printf -b to ignore the first % conversion specifier
+    in the format string on 64-bit systems.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting when `:', `=', or `~'
+    appeared in $IFS.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused data corruption in the programmable completion code
+    when a shell function called from a completion aborted execution.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused the CPU usage reported by the `time' builtin to be
+    capped at 100%.
+
+l.  Changed behavior of shell when -e option is in effect to reflect consensus
+    of Posix shell standardization working group.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug introduced in bash-4.0-alpha that caused redirections to not
+    be displayed by `type' or `declare' when appearing in functions under
+    certain circumstances.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused !(...) extended glob patterns to inhibit later
+    history expansion.
+
+b.  Reworked the signal handling to avoid calling disallowed functions from a
+    signal handler.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  `readarray' is now a synonym for `mapfile'.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-rc1,
 and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta2.

@@ -43,7 +99,7 @@ b.  Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta,
-and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta.
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-alpha.

 1.  Changes to Bash

@@ -312,3 +312,9 @@ bash-2.0 were significant.)
 41. Beginning with bash-4.0, when one of the commands in a pipeline is killed
    by a SIGINT while executing a command list, the shell acts as if it
    received the interrupt.
+
+42. Bash-4.0 changes the handling of the set -e option so that the shell exits
+    if a pipeline fails (and not just if the last command in the failing
+    pipeline is a simple command).  This is not as Posix specifies.  There is
+    work underway to update this portion of the standard; the bash-4.0
+    behavior attempts to capture the consensus at the time of release.
@@ -7286,3 +7286,244 @@ subst.c
 	  string.  Fixes bug reported by os@sernet.de.

 [bash-4.0-rc1 frozen]
+
+				    1/9
+				    ---
+locale.c
+	- since setlocale() doesn't set errno to anything meaningful,
+	  don't include the strerror() result in the error message if
+	  it fails
+	- make sure the error messages printed when setlocale fails are
+	  localizable
+
+				   1/11
+				   ----
+lib/readline/histexpand.c
+	- make sure that every time history_no_expand_chars is tested, we
+	  also call the history_inhibit_expansion_function if it's set.
+	  Fixes bug reported by Yang Zhang <yanghatespam@gmail.com>
+
+				   1/12
+				   ----
+trap.c
+	- make sure to call parse_and_execute with the SEVAL_RESETLINE bit
+	  set in the flags so it will reset the line number when running
+	  the trap commands.  Partial fix for bug reported by
+	  peter360@fastmail.us
+
+				   1/14
+				   ----
+builtins/reserved.def
+	- document `coproc' so it can be used with `help' builtin.  Pointed
+	  out by Pierre Gaston <pgas@freeshell.org>
+
+lib/sh/casemod.c
+	- added two new flags: CASE_UPFIRST and CASE_LOWFIRST to casemod
+	  the first character of the passed string and pass the rest
+	  through unchanged.  Fixes bug reported by Jan Schampera
+	  <jan.schampera@web.de>
+
+externs.h
+	- new defines for CASE_UPFIRST and CASE_LOWFIRST
+
+subst.c
+	- use CASE_UPFIRST for ^ and CASE_LOWFIRST for , casemod operators
+
+builtins/mapfile.def
+	- call zreset() before calling first zgetline(), to clean out any
+	  remaining data in local buffer used by zreadc.  Fixes bug
+	  reported by Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
+
+				   1/15
+				   ----
+lib/sh/zread.c
+	- renamed zreadintr to zreadretry -- not perfect, but better
+	- new functions: zreadintr, which just calls read so it can be
+	  interruptible, and zreadcintr, which is like zreadc but uses
+	  zreadintr to fill the buffer
+
+lib/sh/zgetline.c
+	- in zgetline, when zread/zreadc return <= 0, make sure line is
+	  non-null before assigning to line[nr]
+
+builtins/mapfile.def
+	- return an error right away if the supplied array variable name
+	  refers to a readonly or noassign array
+	- set interrupt_immediately so calls to zgetline can be
+	  interrupted.  Fixes bug reported by Pierre Gaston
+	  <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
+	- if interactive, pass the SEVAL_INTERACT and SEVAL_NOHIST flags
+	  to parse_and_execute when calling callbacks.  Fixes bug reported
+	  by Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
+	- add `readarray' as a synonym for mapfile
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+	- document behavior of mapfile builtin adding index of array element
+	  to be assigned as additional argument to callback string.  Reported
+	  by Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
+	- document readarray as synonym for mapfile
+
+builtins/common.c
+	- new error function, sh_ttyerror(set), prints an error message having
+	  to do with setting or getting terminal attributes
+
+builtins/read.def
+	- print error message if read fails to set terminal attributes
+
+				   1/16
+				   ----
+execute_cmd.c
+	- new function, coproc_reap, calls coproc_dispose if sh_coproc is
+	  marked as COPROC_DEAD
+	- new function, cpl_reap, disposes coprocs marked as COPROC_DEAD
+	  from coproc list
+	- change coproc_pidchk to just mark the coproc as dead instead of
+	  calling coproc_dispose, so we don't call unsafe functions from
+	  a signal handler.  Fixes bug reported by Andreas Schwab
+	  <schwab@suse.de>
+
+execute_cmd.h
+	- new extern declaration for coproc_reap
+
+command.h
+	- new flags for c_flags member of a struct coproc
+
+{jobs,nojobs}.c
+	- add call to coproc_reap in cleanup_dead_jobs, which will do the
+	  right queueing or blocking of SIGCHLD
+
+trap.c
+	- modify change from 1/12 to not reset the line number when running
+	  the DEBUG and RETURN traps
+
+				   1/18
+				   ----
+lib/sh/casemod.c
+	- change default operations to work on entire passed string instead
+	  of breaking into words at non-alpha-numerics.  Use new
+	  CASE_USEWORDS flag to enable by-word behavior.  Fixes bug reported
+	  by Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>
+
+builtins/printf.def
+	- in vbprintf, bracket each call to vsnprintf (which uses the args
+	  passed to vbprintf) with SH_VA_START and va_end, so we can
+	  reninitialize the argument list for each call.  This is actually
+	  what the C standard requires.  Fixes bug that caused printf -b
+	  to `ignore' first % format specifier if it came first in the
+	  string.  Reported by David Leverton <levertond@googlemail.com>
+
+builtins/mapfile.def
+	- start the line count at 1, since it doesn't get incremented before
+	  (or after) reading the first line, so things like
+	  `mapfile -n 5 -c 1 -C 'echo foo' array < file' work right and call
+	  the callback after the first line is read.  Fixes bug reported by
+	  Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
+
+				   1/22
+				   ----
+lib/readline/complete.c
+	- set _rl_interrupt_immediately non-zero before reading from the file
+	  system or calling an application-defined completion function
+
+lib/readline/signals.c
+	- renamed rl_signal_handler to _rl_handle_signal; new version of
+	  rl_signal_handler that just calls _rl_handle_signal (for now)
+	- new function _rl_signal_handler that calls _rl_handle_signal without
+	  any checking
+
+lib/readline/rlprivate.h
+	- new extern declaration for _rl_signal_handler
+	- new define, RL_CHECK_SIGNALS, checks whether or not _rl_caught_signal
+	  is set and calls _rl_signal_handler if so
+
+lib/readline/{bind,input,readline}.c
+	- add RL_CHECK_SIGNALS in appropriate places
+
+lib/readline/signals.c
+	- change rl_signal_handler to set a flag and return rather than
+	  run through the entire signal handling process.  If
+	  _rl_interrupt_immediately is set, call the signal handling code
+	  right away instead of setting the flag.  Initial fix for crash
+	  bug reported by Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
+
+aclocal.m4
+	- new macro, BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T, tests for sig_atomic_t in
+	  <signal.h>, defines as int if not defined
+
+configure.in
+	- call BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T
+	- call AC_C_VOLATILE
+
+config.h.in
+	- empty define for sig_atomic_t
+	- empty define for volatile
+
+				   1/27
+				   ----
+subst.c
+	- audit calls to add_character and change to add_ifs_character (which
+	  quotes characters in $IFS).  Affects primarily `:', `=', and `~'.
+	  Fixes bug reported by Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>; fix
+	  suggested by Stephane Chazelas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
+
+				    2/1
+				    ---
+configure.in
+	- call AC_C_RESTRICT
+
+config.h.in
+	- add empty defintion for `restrict'
+
+pcomplete.c
+	- use unwind_protects around call to execute_shell_function in
+	  gen_shell_function_matches to prevent data corruption if
+	  throw_to_top_level is called.  Bug report and fix from
+	  werner@suse.de.
+
+execute_cmd.c
+	- don't clamp CPU usage at 100% in print_formatted_time.  Bug reported
+	  by Linda Walsh <bash@tlinx.org>
+
+				    2/5
+				    ---
+locale.c
+	- in set_locale_var, set errno to 0 before calling setlocale(), and
+	  print strerror (errno) if setlocale fails and errno ends up non-zero
+
+				    2/6
+				    ---
+configure.in
+	- backed out of solaris change from 10/23/2008 (adding `-z interpose'
+	  to LDFLAGS) due to solaris updates to fix a linker problem.
+	  Updatted by Serge Dussud <Serge.Dussud@Sun.COM>
+
+				   2/12
+				   ----
+execute_cmd.c
+	- change execute_connection so failure of a pipeline will cause the
+	  shell to exit if -e is on.  From discussion on austin-group
+	  mailing list
+	- change execute_command_internal so failure of a user-specified
+	  subshell will cause the shell to exit if -e is on.  From discussion
+	  on austin-group mailing list
+
+				   2/13
+				   ----
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+	- clarified description of set -e option to accurately reflect current
+	  implementation
+
+				   2/19
+				   ----
+print_cmd.c
+	- fix print_deferred_heredocs to not print a space if the separator
+	  string is null
+	- change print_deferred_heredocs to set `was_heredoc' after printing
+	  something
+	- change connection printing code to only print the `;' separator
+	  if we haven't just printed a here-document
+	- change connection printing code to print any deferred here
+	  documents after the rhs of the connection.  Fixes bug reported by
+	  Bo Andresen <bo.andresen@zlin.dk>
+
+[bash-4.0 frozen]
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ RBASH		f
 AUTHORS		f
 Y2K		f
 configure.in	f
-configure	f
+configure	f	755
 Makefile.in	f
 config-top.h	f
 config-bot.h	f
@@ -844,6 +844,7 @@ tests/glob1.sub		f
 tests/glob.right	f
 tests/heredoc.tests	f
 tests/heredoc.right	f
+tests/heredoc1.sub	f
 tests/herestr.tests	f
 tests/herestr.right	f
 tests/histexp.tests	f
@@ -875,6 +876,7 @@ tests/jobs.right	f
 tests/mapfile.data	f
 tests/mapfile.right	f
 tests/mapfile.tests	f
+tests/mapfile1.sub	f
 tests/more-exp.tests	f
 tests/more-exp.right	f
 tests/new-exp.tests	f
@@ -1005,7 +1007,9 @@ tests/run-tilde2	f
 tests/run-trap		f
 tests/run-type		f
 tests/run-varenv	f
-tests/set-e-test	f
+tests/set-e.tests	f
+tests/set-e1.sub	f
+tests/set-e2.sub	f
 tests/set-e.right	f
 tests/set-x.tests	f
 tests/set-x.right	f
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#
+# Master Manifest file for documentation-only distribution
+#
+doc	d
+MANIFEST.doc	f
+doc/article.ps	f
+doc/rose94.ps	f
+doc/bash.ps		f
+doc/bashbug.ps	f
+doc/builtins.ps	f
+doc/rbash.ps	f
+doc/bashref.ps	f
+doc/bashref.dvi	f
+doc/bash.0		f
+doc/bashbug.0		f
+doc/builtins.0	f
+doc/rbash.0	f
+doc/article.txt	f
+doc/bash.html		f
+doc/bashref.html	f
+doc/article.pdf	f
+doc/bash.pdf	f
+doc/bashref.pdf	f
+doc/rose94.pdf	f
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ t.  The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
    and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.

 u.  There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
-    given file.
+    given file.  The name `readarray' is a synonym.

 v.  If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
    named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
    and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
    respectively.

-cc. There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output
    and standard error to the named file.

 dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
@@ -531,6 +531,18 @@ AC_DEFINE(RLIMTYPE, rlim_t)
 fi
 ])

+AC_DEFUN(BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T,
+[AC_CACHE_CHECK([for sig_atomic_t in signal.h], ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t,
+[AC_TRY_LINK([
+#include <signal.h>
+],[ sig_atomic_t x; ],
+ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t=yes, ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t=no)])
+if test "$ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t" = "no"
+then
+    AC_CHECK_TYPE(sig_atomic_t,int)
+fi
+])
+
 AC_DEFUN(BASH_FUNC_LSTAT,
 [dnl Cannot use AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lstat) because Linux defines lstat() as an
 dnl inline function in <sys/stat.h>.
@@ -355,7 +355,6 @@ save_history ()
 	append_history (history_lines_this_session, hf);
      else
 	write_history (hf);
-
      sv_histsize ("HISTFILESIZE");
    }
 }
@@ -321,6 +321,16 @@ sh_wrerror ()
  builtin_error (_("write error: %s"), strerror (errno));
 }

+void
+sh_ttyerror (set)
+     int set;
+{
+  if (set)
+    builtin_error (_("error setting terminal attributes: %s"), strerror (errno));
+  else
+    builtin_error (_("error getting terminal attributes: %s"), strerror (errno));
+}
+
 int
 sh_chkwrite (s)
     int s;
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ extern void sh_nojobs __P((char *));
 extern void sh_restricted __P((char *));
 extern void sh_notbuiltin __P((char *));
 extern void sh_wrerror __P((void));
+extern void sh_ttyerror __P((int));
 extern int sh_chkwrite __P((int));

 extern char **make_builtin_argv __P((WORD_LIST *, int *));
@@ -266,10 +266,7 @@ parse_and_execute (string, from_file, flags)
 	      global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;

 	      if ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_COMSUB) && comsub_ignore_return)
-{
 		command->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
-itrace("parse_and_execute: turned on CMD_IGNORE_RETURN from comsub_ignore_return");
-}

 #if defined (ONESHOT)
 	      /*
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ $PRODUCES mapfile.c
 $BUILTIN mapfile
 $FUNCTION mapfile_builtin
 $SHORT_DOC mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]
-Read lines from a file into an array variable.
+Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.

 Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or from
 file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied.  The variable MAPFILE is
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@ Options:
 Arguments:
  ARRAY		Array variable name to use for file data.

-If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.
+If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.  When
+CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array
+element to be assigned as an additional argument.

 If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY before
 assigning to it.
@@ -51,6 +53,14 @@ Exit Status:
 Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly.
 $END

+$BUILTIN readarray
+$FUNCTION mapfile_builtin
+$SHORT_DOC readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]
+Read lines from a file into an array variable.
+
+A synonym for `mapfile'.
+$END
+
 #include <config.h>

 #include "builtins.h"
@@ -70,7 +80,6 @@ $END
 #include "common.h"
 #include "bashgetopt.h"

-
 #if !defined (errno)
 extern int errno;
 #endif
@@ -93,6 +102,7 @@ run_callback(callback, current_index)
 {
  unsigned int execlen;
  char  *execstr;
+  int flags;

  execlen = strlen (callback) + 10;
  /* 1 for space between %s and %d,
@@ -100,8 +110,13 @@ run_callback(callback, current_index)
  execlen += 2;
  execstr = xmalloc (execlen);

+  flags = 0;
+#if 0
+  if (interactive)
+    flags |= SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_INTERACT;
+#endif
  snprintf (execstr, execlen, "%s %d", callback, current_index);
-  return parse_and_execute(execstr, NULL, 0);
+  return parse_and_execute(execstr, NULL, flags);
 }

 static void
@@ -136,8 +151,13 @@ mapfile (fd, line_count_goal, origin, nskip, callback_quantum, callback, array_n
     here allows us to call bind_array_element instead of bind_array_variable
     and skip the variable lookup on every call. */
  entry = find_or_make_array_variable (array_name, 1);
-  if (entry == 0)
-    return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+  if (entry == 0 || readonly_p (entry) || noassign_p (entry))
+    {
+      if (readonly_p (entry))
+	err_readonly (array_name);
+	
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
  if (flags & MAPF_CLEARARRAY)
    array_flush (array_cell (entry));

@@ -147,19 +167,24 @@ mapfile (fd, line_count_goal, origin, nskip, callback_quantum, callback, array_n
  unbuffered_read = 1;
 #endif

+  zreset ();
+
  /* Skip any lines at beginning of file? */
  for (line_count = 0; line_count < nskip; line_count++)
-    zgetline(fd, &line, &line_length, unbuffered_read);
+    if (zgetline (fd, &line, &line_length, unbuffered_read) < 0)
+      break;
+
  line = 0;
  line_length = 0;    

  /* Reset the buffer for bash own stream */
-  for (array_index = origin, line_count = 0; 
-       zgetline(fd, &line, &line_length, unbuffered_read) != -1;
+  interrupt_immediately++;
+  for (array_index = origin, line_count = 1; 
+       zgetline (fd, &line, &line_length, unbuffered_read) != -1;
       array_index++, line_count++) 
    {
      /* Have we exceeded # of lines to store? */
-      if (line_count_goal != 0 && line_count >= line_count_goal) 
+      if (line_count_goal != 0 && line_count > line_count_goal) 
 	break;

      /* Remove trailing newlines? */
@@ -184,6 +209,7 @@ mapfile (fd, line_count_goal, origin, nskip, callback_quantum, callback, array_n
  if (unbuffered_read == 0)
    zsyncfd (fd);

+  interrupt_immediately--;
  return EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
 }

@@ -879,16 +879,18 @@ vbprintf (format, va_alist)

  SH_VA_START (args, format);
  blen = vsnprintf (vbuf + vblen, vbsize - vblen, format, args);
+  va_end (args);

  nlen = vblen + blen + 1;
  if (nlen >= vbsize)
    {
      vbsize = ((nlen + 63) >> 6) << 6;
      vbuf = (char *)xrealloc (vbuf, vbsize);
+      SH_VA_START (args, format);
      blen = vsnprintf (vbuf + vblen, vbsize - vblen, format, args);
+      va_end (args);
    }

-  va_end (args);
  vblen += blen;
  vbuf[vblen] = '\0';

@@ -290,9 +290,8 @@ read_builtin (list)
    }
  list = loptend;

-  /* `read -t 0 var' returns failure immediately.  XXX - should it test
-     whether input is available with select/FIONREAD, and fail if those
-     are unavailable? */
+  /* `read -t 0 var' tests whether input is available with select/FIONREAD,
+     and fails if those are unavailable */
  if (have_timeout && tmsec == 0 && tmusec == 0)
 #if 0
    return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
@@ -417,10 +416,9 @@ read_builtin (list)
 	  termsave.attrs = &ttattrs;

 	  ttset = ttattrs;	  
-	  if (silent)
-	    ttfd_cbreak (fd, &ttset);		/* ttcbreak () */
-	  else
-	    ttfd_onechar (fd, &ttset);		/* ttonechar () */
+	  i = silent ? ttfd_cbreak (fd, &ttset) : ttfd_onechar (fd, &ttset);
+	  if (i < 0)
+	    sh_ttyerror (1);
 	  add_unwind_protect ((Function *)ttyrestore, (char *)&termsave);
 	}
    }
@@ -432,7 +430,9 @@ read_builtin (list)
      termsave.attrs = &ttattrs;

      ttset = ttattrs;
-      ttfd_noecho (fd, &ttset);			/* ttnoecho (); */
+      i = ttfd_noecho (fd, &ttset);			/* ttnoecho (); */
+      if (i < 0)
+	sh_ttyerror (1);

      add_unwind_protect ((Function *)ttyrestore, (char *)&termsave);
    }
@@ -135,6 +135,19 @@ Exit Status:
 Returns the status of the last command executed.
 $END

+$BUILTIN coproc
+$SHORT_DOC coproc [NAME] command [redirections]
+Create a coprocess named NAME.
+
+Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard
+input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned
+to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.
+The default NAME is "COPROC".
+
+Exit Status:
+Returns the exit status of COMMAND.
+$END
+
 $BUILTIN function
 $SHORT_DOC function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }
 Define shell function.
@@ -334,6 +334,9 @@ typedef struct subshell_com {
  COMMAND *command;
 } SUBSHELL_COM;

+#define COPROC_RUNNING	0x01
+#define COPROC_DEAD	0x02
+
 typedef struct coproc {
  char *c_name;
  pid_t c_pid;
@@ -180,6 +180,10 @@

 #undef inline

+#undef restrict
+
+#undef volatile
+
 /* Define if cpp supports the ANSI-C stringizing `#' operator */
 #undef HAVE_STRINGIZE

@@ -316,6 +320,9 @@
 /* Define to `unsigned int' if <sys/socket.h> doesn't define. */
 #undef socklen_t

+/* Define to `int' if <signal.h> doesn't define. */
+#undef sig_atomic_t
+
 #undef HAVE_MBSTATE_T

 /* Define if you have quad_t in <sys/types.h>. */
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #! /bin/sh
-# From configure.in for Bash 4.0, version 4.009.
+# From configure.in for Bash 4.0, version 4.013.
 # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
-# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.0-rc1.
+# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.0-release.
 #
 # Report bugs to <bug-bash@gnu.org>.
 #
@@ -597,8 +597,8 @@ SHELL=${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh}
 # Identity of this package.
 PACKAGE_NAME='bash'
 PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash'
-PACKAGE_VERSION='4.0-rc1'
-PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.0-rc1'
+PACKAGE_VERSION='4.0-release'
+PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.0-release'
 PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org'

 ac_unique_file="shell.h"
@@ -1410,7 +1410,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then
  # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
  # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
  cat <<_ACEOF
-\`configure' configures bash 4.0-rc1 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
+\`configure' configures bash 4.0-release to adapt to many kinds of systems.

 Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

@@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ fi

 if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
  case $ac_init_help in
-     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.0-rc1:";;
+     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.0-release:";;
   esac
  cat <<\_ACEOF

@@ -1648,7 +1648,7 @@ fi
 test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
 if $ac_init_version; then
  cat <<\_ACEOF
-bash configure 4.0-rc1
+bash configure 4.0-release
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63

 Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
@@ -1662,7 +1662,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF
 This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
 running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.

-It was created by bash $as_me 4.0-rc1, which was
+It was created by bash $as_me 4.0-release, which was
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63.  Invocation command line was

  $ $0 $@
@@ -2074,7 +2074,7 @@ ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h"


 BASHVERS=4.0
-RELSTATUS=rc1
+RELSTATUS=release

 case "$RELSTATUS" in
 alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|maint*)	DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
@@ -6982,6 +6982,143 @@ _ACEOF

 fi

+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for working volatile" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for working volatile... " >&6; }
+if test "${ac_cv_c_volatile+set}" = set; then
+  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+  cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h.  */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+
+volatile int x;
+int * volatile y = (int *) 0;
+return !x && !y;
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_compile"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+  (eval "$ac_compile") 2>conftest.er1
+  ac_status=$?
+  grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+  rm -f conftest.er1
+  cat conftest.err >&5
+  $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+  (exit $ac_status); } && {
+	 test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+	 test ! -s conftest.err
+       } && test -s conftest.$ac_objext; then
+  ac_cv_c_volatile=yes
+else
+  $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+	ac_cv_c_volatile=no
+fi
+
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $ac_cv_c_volatile" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_cv_c_volatile" >&6; }
+if test $ac_cv_c_volatile = no; then
+
+cat >>confdefs.h <<\_ACEOF
+#define volatile /**/
+_ACEOF
+
+fi
+
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for C/C++ restrict keyword" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for C/C++ restrict keyword... " >&6; }
+if test "${ac_cv_c_restrict+set}" = set; then
+  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+  ac_cv_c_restrict=no
+   # The order here caters to the fact that C++ does not require restrict.
+   for ac_kw in __restrict __restrict__ _Restrict restrict; do
+     cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h.  */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+typedef int * int_ptr;
+	int foo (int_ptr $ac_kw ip) {
+	return ip[0];
+       }
+int
+main ()
+{
+int s[1];
+	int * $ac_kw t = s;
+	t[0] = 0;
+	return foo(t)
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_compile"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+  (eval "$ac_compile") 2>conftest.er1
+  ac_status=$?
+  grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+  rm -f conftest.er1
+  cat conftest.err >&5
+  $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+  (exit $ac_status); } && {
+	 test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+	 test ! -s conftest.err
+       } && test -s conftest.$ac_objext; then
+  ac_cv_c_restrict=$ac_kw
+else
+  $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+
+fi
+
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
+     test "$ac_cv_c_restrict" != no && break
+   done
+
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $ac_cv_c_restrict" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_cv_c_restrict" >&6; }
+
+
+ case $ac_cv_c_restrict in
+   restrict) ;;
+   no) cat >>confdefs.h <<\_ACEOF
+#define restrict /**/
+_ACEOF
+ ;;
+   *)  cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
+#define restrict $ac_cv_c_restrict
+_ACEOF
+ ;;
+ esac
+


        MKINSTALLDIRS=
@@ -19749,6 +19886,171 @@ cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
 _ACEOF


+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for sig_atomic_t in signal.h" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for sig_atomic_t in signal.h... " >&6; }
+if test "${ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t+set}" = set; then
+  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+  cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h.  */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+ sig_atomic_t x;
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_link"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+  (eval "$ac_link") 2>conftest.er1
+  ac_status=$?
+  grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+  rm -f conftest.er1
+  cat conftest.err >&5
+  $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+  (exit $ac_status); } && {
+	 test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+	 test ! -s conftest.err
+       } && test -s conftest$ac_exeext && {
+	 test "$cross_compiling" = yes ||
+	 $as_test_x conftest$ac_exeext
+       }; then
+  ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t=yes
+else
+  $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+	ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t=no
+fi
+
+rm -rf conftest.dSYM
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest_ipa8_conftest.oo \
+      conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t" >&6; }
+if test "$ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t" = "no"
+then
+    { $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for sig_atomic_t" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for sig_atomic_t... " >&6; }
+if test "${ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t+set}" = set; then
+  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+  ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t=no
+cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h.  */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+$ac_includes_default
+int
+main ()
+{
+if (sizeof (sig_atomic_t))
+       return 0;
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_compile"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+  (eval "$ac_compile") 2>conftest.er1
+  ac_status=$?
+  grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+  rm -f conftest.er1
+  cat conftest.err >&5
+  $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+  (exit $ac_status); } && {
+	 test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+	 test ! -s conftest.err
+       } && test -s conftest.$ac_objext; then
+  cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h.  */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+$ac_includes_default
+int
+main ()
+{
+if (sizeof ((sig_atomic_t)))
+	  return 0;
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_compile"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+  (eval "$ac_compile") 2>conftest.er1
+  ac_status=$?
+  grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+  rm -f conftest.er1
+  cat conftest.err >&5
+  $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+  (exit $ac_status); } && {
+	 test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+	 test ! -s conftest.err
+       } && test -s conftest.$ac_objext; then
+  :
+else
+  $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+	ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t=yes
+fi
+
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
+else
+  $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+
+fi
+
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t" >&6; }
+if test "x$ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t" = x""yes; then
+  :
+else
+
+cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
+#define sig_atomic_t int
+_ACEOF
+
+fi
+
+fi
+

 # The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler
 # version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects
@@ -29653,9 +29955,9 @@ sco3.2v4*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DMUST_UNBLOCK_CHLD -DPATH_MAX=1024" ;;
 sco3.2*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DMUST_UNBLOCK_CHLD ;;
 sunos4*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSunOS4 ;;
 solaris2.5*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DSunOS5 -DSOLARIS" ;;
-solaris2.8*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
-solaris2.9*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
-solaris2.10*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
+solaris2.8*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS  ;;
+solaris2.9*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS  ;;
+solaris2.10*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS  ;;
 solaris2*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
 lynxos*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DRECYCLES_PIDS ;;
 linux*)		LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic		 # allow dynamic loading
@@ -30202,7 +30504,7 @@ exec 6>&1
 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
 # values after options handling.
 ac_log="
-This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.0-rc1, which was
+This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.0-release, which was
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63.  Invocation command line was

  CONFIG_FILES    = $CONFIG_FILES
@@ -30265,7 +30567,7 @@ Report bugs to <bug-autoconf@gnu.org>."
 _ACEOF
 cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
 ac_cs_version="\\
-bash config.status 4.0-rc1
+bash config.status 4.0-release
 configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63,
  with options \\"`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`\\"

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 #   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

-AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.0, version 4.009])dnl
+AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.0, version 4.013])dnl

 define(bashvers, 4.0)
-define(relstatus, rc1)
+define(relstatus, release)

 AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org])

@@ -637,6 +637,8 @@ AC_C_STRINGIZE
 AC_C_LONG_DOUBLE
 AC_C_PROTOTYPES
 AC_C_CHAR_UNSIGNED
+AC_C_VOLATILE
+AC_C_RESTRICT

 dnl initialize GNU gettext
 AM_GNU_GETTEXT([no-libtool], [need-ngettext], [lib/intl])
@@ -835,6 +837,7 @@ BASH_TYPE_LONG_LONG
 BASH_TYPE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG

 AC_TYPE_SIGNAL
+BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T

 AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char, 1)
 AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(short, 2)
@@ -1009,9 +1012,9 @@ sco3.2v4*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DMUST_UNBLOCK_CHLD -DPATH_MAX=1024" ;;
 sco3.2*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DMUST_UNBLOCK_CHLD ;;
 sunos4*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSunOS4 ;;
 solaris2.5*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DSunOS5 -DSOLARIS" ;;
-solaris2.8*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
-solaris2.9*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
-solaris2.10*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
+solaris2.8*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS  ;;
+solaris2.9*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS  ;;
+solaris2.10*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS  ;;
 solaris2*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
 lynxos*)	LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DRECYCLES_PIDS ;;
 linux*)		LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic		 # allow dynamic loading
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.36, for Bash version 3.2.
+This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.01, for Bash version 4.0.

 This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
 Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell.  Bash is a freely-available command
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?

 Section B:  The latest version

-B1) What's new in version 3.2?
-B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
-    bash-2.05b?
+B1) What's new in version 4.0?
+B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.0,
+    bash-3.2, and bash-2.05b?

 Section C:  Differences from other Unix shells

@@ -143,26 +143,26 @@ of Case Western Reserve University.

 A2)  What's the latest version?

-The latest version is 3.2, first made available on 12 October, 2006.
+The latest version is 4.0, first made available on 20 February, 2009.

 A3)  Where can I get it?

 Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the
 master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors.  The
 latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu.
-The following URLs tell how to get version 3.2:
+The following URLs tell how to get version 4.0:

-ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.0.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.0.tar.gz

 Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs:

-ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.0.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.0.tar.gz

 Any patches for the current version are available with the URL:

-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2-patches/
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.0-patches/

 A4)  On what machines will bash run?

@@ -194,9 +194,8 @@ http://www.cygwin.com/.

 Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their
 early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases.  Cygnus has also done
-ports of bash-2.05b and bash-3.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
-are available as part of their current release.  Bash-3.2 is currently
-being tested and should be available soon.
+ports of bash-2.05b and bash-3.2 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
+are available as part of their current release.

 Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to
 build and run under CYGWIN.
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@ Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status.

 Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services
 for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix.  I do not anticipate any problems
-with building bash-3.1 or bash-3.2.
+with building bash-4.0, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed.

 A6) How can I build bash with gcc? 

@@ -388,12 +387,158 @@ They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual

 Section B:  The latest version

-B1) What's new in version 3.2?
+B1) What's new in version 4.0?

-Bash-3.2 is the second maintenance release of the third major release of
-bash.  It contains the following significant new features (see the manual
-page for complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the
-bash-3.2 distribution).
+Bash-4.0 is the fourth major release of bash.  There are numerous new features,
+some experimental.  Depending on community reception, the experimental
+features will evolve.
+
+Bash-4.0 contains the following new features (see the manual page for
+complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.0
+distribution):
+
+o   When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
+    index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
+
+o   There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
+    the current shell.
+
+o   There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
+    to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
+    simple command.
+
+o   There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
+    report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
+
+o   The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
+    a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
+
+o   The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
+    the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
+
+o   The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
+    readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
+
+o   The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
+    Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
+
+o   Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
+    in the specified variable when the read builtin times out.  This also
+    results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
+    string when there is no input available.  When the read builtin times out,
+    it returns an exit status greater than 128.
+
+o   The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+    new variables settable by `shopt'.  Setting this variable currently
+    restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
+    of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
+
+o   The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
+    of threads) options.
+
+o   There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
+    completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
+    being executed.
+
+o   The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
+    buffer when using readline.
+
+o   A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
+    behavior for completion on an empty line.
+
+o   There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
+    globbing characters.
+
+o   The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
+    and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
+
+o   There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
+    given file.
+
+o   If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
+    named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
+    function arguments.
+
+o   There is a new shell option: `globstar'.  When enabled, the globbing code
+    treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
+    them, when appropriate) recursively.
+
+o   There is a new shell option: `dirspell'.  When enabled, the filename
+    completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
+    completion.
+
+o   The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
+    values.
+
+o   Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
+    will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
+    same number of digits.
+
+o   There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
+    It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
+
+o   The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
+    variables in the environment of the executed command:  READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
+    and READLINE_POINT.  The command can change the current readline line
+    and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
+    respectively.
+
+o   There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+    and standard error to the named file.
+
+o   The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
+    the standard error for a command through a pipe.
+
+o   The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
+    continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
+    statement rather than terminating the command.
+
+o   The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
+    test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
+    action, rather than terminating the command.
+
+o   The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM.  When set to an
+    integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W  will
+    retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
+    the intervening characters with `...'.
+
+o   There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
+    lowercase (,[,]).  They can work on either the first character or
+    array element, or globally.  They accept an optional shell pattern
+    that determines which characters to modify.  There is an optionally-
+    configured feature to include capitalization operators.
+
+o   The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
+    support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
+
+o   The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
+    assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
+    There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
+    assignment.
+
+o   There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
+    asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
+    Coprocs can be named.  The input and output file descriptors and the
+    PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
+    with coproc-specific names.
+
+o   A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is
+    input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.
+
+o   CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged
+    mode.
+
+o   New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word,
+    which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters
+    and honor shell quoting.
+
+o   New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
+    which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
+    as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
+
+A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
+
+Bash-3.2 contained the following new features:

 o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
  characters when deciding whether or not a script is a binary file.
@@ -401,8 +546,6 @@ o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
 o Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's  =~ (regexp) operator now
  forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.

-A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
-
 Bash-3.1 contained the following new features:

 o Bash-3.1 may now be configured and built in a mode that enforces strict
@@ -651,10 +794,10 @@ grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone)
 lots of code now smaller and faster
 test suite greatly expanded

-B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
-    bash-2.05b?
+B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.0, bash-3.2,
+    and bash-2.05b?

-There are a few incompatibilities between version 2.05b and version 3.2.
+There are a few incompatibilities between version 4.0 and version 3.2.
 They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution.  That file
 is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to bash-maintainers@gnu.org
 if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
@@ -687,25 +830,25 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
 	the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
 	expansions to perform substring removal (${p%[%]w}, ${p#[#]w})
 	expansion of positional parameters beyond $9 with ${num}
-	variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, REPLY,
+	variables: BASH, BASHPID, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, REPLY,
 		   TIMEFORMAT, PPID, PWD, OLDPWD, SHLVL, RANDOM, SECONDS,
 		   LINENO, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE, HOSTNAME,
 		   ENV, PS3, PS4, DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, HISTSIZE, HISTFILE,
 		   HISTFILESIZE, HISTCONTROL, HISTIGNORE, GLOBIGNORE, GROUPS,
 		   PROMPT_COMMAND, FCEDIT, FIGNORE, IGNOREEOF, INPUTRC,
 		   SHELLOPTS, OPTERR, HOSTFILE, TMOUT, FUNCNAME, histchars,
-		   auto_resume
+		   auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM
 	DEBUG trap
 	ERR trap
 	variable arrays with new compound assignment syntax
-	redirections: <>, &>, >|, <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-
+	redirections: <>, &>, >|, <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>&
 	prompt string special char translation and variable expansion
 	auto-export of variables in initial environment
 	command search finds functions before builtins
 	bash return builtin will exit a file sourced with `.'
 	builtins: cd -/-L/-P, exec -l/-c/-a, echo -e/-E, hash -d/-l/-p/-t.
 		  export -n/-f/-p/name=value, pwd -L/-P,
-		  read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u,
+		  read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u/-i,
 		  readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o,
 		  set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P,
 		  unset -f/-v, ulimit -i/-m/-p/-q/-u/-x,
@@ -727,7 +870,7 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
 	other new bash builtins: bind, command, compgen, complete, builtin,
 				 declare/typeset, dirs, enable, fc, help,
 				 history, logout, popd, pushd, disown, shopt,
-				 printf
+				 printf, compopt, mapfile
 	exported functions
 	filename generation when using output redirection (command >a*)
 	POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
@@ -743,7 +886,14 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
 	debugger support, including `caller' builtin and new variables
 	RETURN trap
 	the `+=' assignment operator
-
+	autocd shell option and behavior
+	command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function
+	globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior
+	|& synonym for `2>&1 |'
+	;& and ;;& case action list terminators
+	case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
+	associative arrays
+	coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables

 Things sh has that bash does not:
 	uses variable SHACCT to do shell accounting
@@ -788,14 +938,14 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
 	the ${!param*} prefix expansion operator
 	the ${param:offset[:length]} parameter substring operator
 	the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
-	variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, SHLVL,
+	variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, BASHPID, UID, EUID, SHLVL,
 		   TIMEFORMAT, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE,
 		   HISTFILESIZE, HISTIGNORE, HISTCONTROL, PROMPT_COMMAND,
 		   IGNOREEOF, FIGNORE, INPUTRC, HOSTFILE, DIRSTACK,
 		   PIPESTATUS, HOSTNAME, OPTERR, SHELLOPTS, GLOBIGNORE,
-		   GROUPS, FUNCNAME, histchars, auto_resume
+		   GROUPS, FUNCNAME, histchars, auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM
 	prompt expansion with backslash escapes and command substitution
-	redirection: &> (stdout and stderr), <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-
+	redirection: &> (stdout and stderr), <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>&
 	more extensive and extensible editing and programmable completion
 	builtins: bind, builtin, command, declare, dirs, echo -e/-E, enable,
 		  exec -l/-c/-a, fc -s, export -n/-f/-p, hash, help, history,
@@ -805,7 +955,7 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
 		  -o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/
 		  -h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type,
 		  typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -i/-q/-u/-x, umask -S, alias -p,
-		  shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen
+		  shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen, compopt, mapfile
 	`!' csh-style history expansion
 	POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
 	POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
@@ -821,18 +971,26 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
 	Timestamps in history entries
 	{x..y} brace expansion
 	The `+=' assignment operator
+	autocd shell option and behavior
+	command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function
+	globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior
+	|& synonym for `2>&1 |'
+	;& and ;;& case action list terminators
+	case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
+	associative arrays
+	coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables

 Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not:
 	tracked aliases (alias -t)
 	variables: ERRNO, FPATH, EDITOR, VISUAL
-	co-processes (|&, >&p, <&p)
+	co-processes (bash uses different syntax)
 	weirdly-scoped functions
 	typeset +f to list all function names without definitions
 	text of command history kept in a file, not memory
 	builtins: alias -x, cd old new, newgrp, print,
 		  read -p/-s/var?prompt, set -A/-o gmacs/
 		  -o bgnice/-o markdirs/-o trackall/-o viraw/-s,
-		  typeset -H/-L/-R/-Z/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-l/-u/-t, whence
+		  typeset -H/-L/-R/-Z/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-t, whence
 	using environment to pass attributes of exported variables
 	arithmetic evaluation done on arguments to some builtins
 	reads .profile from $PWD when invoked as login shell
@@ -848,33 +1006,48 @@ Implementation differences:

 C3)  Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?

-New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.2:
-	associative arrays
+This list is current through ksh93t (11/04/2008)
+
+New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.0:
 	floating point arithmetic and variables
 	math library functions
 	${!name[sub]} name of subscript for associative array
 	`.' is allowed in variable names to create a hierarchical namespace
 	more extensive compound assignment syntax
 	discipline functions
-	`sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions)
-	typeset -n and `nameref' variables
 	KEYBD trap
 	variables: .sh.edchar, .sh.edmode, .sh.edcol, .sh.edtext, .sh.version,
 		   .sh.name, .sh.subscript, .sh.value, .sh.match, HISTEDIT
 	backreferences in pattern matching (\N)
-	`&' operator in pattern lists for matching
+	`&' operator in pattern lists for matching (match all instead of any)
+	exit statuses between 0 and 255
+	FPATH and PATH mixing
+	lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
+	no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
+	$''  \C[.collating-element.] escape sequence
+	-C/-I invocation options
 	print -f (bash uses printf)
 	`fc' has been renamed to `hist'
 	`.' can execute shell functions
-	exit statuses between 0 and 255
-	FPATH and PATH mixing
 	getopts -a
-	-I invocation option
-	printf %H, %P, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d
-	lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
-	no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
+	printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag
+	read -N (read -n differs, too)/-v
+	set -o showme/-o multiline (bash default)
+	`sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions)
+	typeset -n and `nameref' variables
+	typeset -C/-S/-T/-X/-h/-s
+	experimental `type' definitions (a la typedef) using typeset
+	negative subscripts for indexed array variables
+	array expansions ${array[sub1..sub2]} and ${!array[sub1..sub2]}
+	associative array assignments using `;' as element separator
+	command substitution $(n<#) expands to current byte offset for fd N
+	new '${ ' form of command substitution, executed in current shell
+	new >;/<#pat/<##pat/<#/># redirections
+	redirection operators preceded with {varname} to store fd number in varname
+	brace expansion printf-like formats 

-New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.2:
+New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.0:
+	associative arrays
 	[n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
        for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command
        ?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators
@@ -883,24 +1056,30 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.2:
 	compound array assignment
 	the `!' reserved word
 	loadable builtins -- but ksh uses `builtin' while bash uses `enable'
-	`command', `builtin', `disown' builtins
 	new $'...' and $"..." quoting
 	FIGNORE (but bash uses GLOBIGNORE), HISTCMD
-	set -o notify/-C
+	brace expansion and set -B
 	changes to kill builtin
+	`command', `builtin', `disown' builtins
+	echo -e
+	exec -c/-a
 	read -A (bash uses read -a)
        read -t/-d
 	trap -p
-	exec -c/-a
 	`.' restores the positional parameters when it completes
+	set -o notify/-C
+	set -o pipefail
+	set -G (-o globstar) and **
 	POSIX.2 `test'
 	umask -S
 	unalias -a
 	command and arithmetic substitution performed on PS1, PS4, and ENV
-	command name completion
+	command name completion, TAB displaying possible completions
 	ENV processed only for interactive shells
-	set -o pipefail
 	The `+=' assignment operator
+	the `;&' case statement "fallthrough" pattern list terminator
+	csh-style history expansion and set -H
+	negative offsets in ${param:offset:length}

 Section D:  Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?

@@ -1457,6 +1636,11 @@ when assigning the variable, then expand the values to a single string that
 may contain whitespace.  The first problem may be solved by using backslashes
 or any other quoting mechanism to escape the white space in the patterns.

+Bash-4.0 introduces the concept of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+several options to the `shopt' builtin.  If the `compat31' option is enabled,
+bash reverts to the bash-3.1 behavior with respect to quoting the rhs of
+the =~ operator.
+
 Section F:  Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions

 F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
@@ -1847,9 +2031,7 @@ H3) What's coming in future versions?

 These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash.

-Rocky Bernstein's bash debugger (support is included with bash-3.0)
-associative arrays
-co-processes, but with a new-style syntax that looks like function declaration
+Rocky Bernstein's bash debugger (support is included with bash-4.0)

 H4) What's on the bash `wish list' for future versions?

@@ -1867,9 +2049,9 @@ Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing

 H5) When will the next release appear?

-The next version will appear sometime in 2007.  Never make predictions. 
+The next version will appear sometime in 2009.  Never make predictions. 

-This document is Copyright 1995-2006 by Chester Ramey.
+This document is Copyright 1995-2009 by Chester Ramey.

 Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
 without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 .\"	Case Western Reserve University
 .\"	chet@po.cwru.edu
 .\"
-.\"	Last Change: Mon Dec 29 16:49:01 EST 2008
+.\"	Last Change: Sat Feb  7 20:50:40 EST 2009
 .\"
 .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
 .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
 .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2008 December 29" "GNU Bash-4.0"
+.TH BASH 1 "2009 February 7" "GNU Bash-4.0"
 .\"
 .\" There's some problem with having a `@'
 .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -887,6 +887,9 @@ The format for a coprocess is:
 .PP
 This creates a coprocess named \fINAME\fP.
 If \fINAME\fP is not supplied, the default name is \fICOPROC\fP.
+\fINAME\fP must not be supplied if \fIcommand\fP is a \fIsimple
+command\fP (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word
+of the simple command.
 When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable (see
 .B Arrays
 below) named \fINAME\fP in the context of the executing shell.
@@ -1361,7 +1364,7 @@ corresponding to each member of \fBFUNCNAME\fP.
 file where \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called
 (or \fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i-1\fP\fB]}\fP if referenced within another
 shell function).
-The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fB.
+The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP.
 Use \fBLINENO\fP to obtain the current line number.
 .TP
 .B BASH_REMATCH
@@ -1457,7 +1460,7 @@ programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
 below).
 .TP
 .B COMP_WORDBREAKS
-The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
+The set of characters that the \fBreadline\fP library treats as word
 separators when performing word completion.
 If
 .SM
@@ -1468,8 +1471,8 @@ subsequently reset.
 .B COMP_WORDS
 An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) consisting of the individual
 words in the current command line.
-The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
-separate them.
+The line is split into words as \fBreadline\fP would split it, using
+\fBCOMP_WORDBREAKS\fP as described above.
 This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
 programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
 below).
@@ -2484,9 +2487,10 @@ introduce indirection.
 .PP
 In each of the cases below, \fIword\fP is subject to tilde expansion,
 parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
-When not performing substring expansion, \fBbash\fP tests for a parameter
-that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a
-parameter that is unset.
+.PP
+When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented below,
+\fBbash\fP tests for a parameter that is unset or null.  Omitting the colon
+results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
 .PP
 .PD 0
 .TP
@@ -2723,7 +2727,7 @@ to uppercase; the \fB,\fP operator converts matching uppercase letters
 to lowercase.
 The \fB^^\fP and \fB,,\fP expansions convert each matched character in the
 expanded value; the \fB^\fP and \fB,\fP expansions match and convert only
-the first character.
+the first character in the expanded value..
 If \fIpattern\fP is omitted, it is treated like a \fB?\fP, which matches
 every character.
 If
@@ -3173,7 +3177,7 @@ ls 2\fB>&\fP1 \fB>\fP dirlist
 .PP
 directs only the standard output to file
 .IR dirlist ,
-because the standard error was duplicated as standard output
+because the standard error was duplicated from the standard output
 before the standard output was redirected to
 .IR dirlist .
 .PP
@@ -5619,7 +5623,7 @@ variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
 If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:  if
 the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value
 of \fBcomment\-begin\fP, the value is inserted, otherwise
-the characters in \fBcomment-begin\fP are deleted from the beginning of 
+the characters in \fBcomment\-begin\fP are deleted from the beginning of 
 the line.
 In either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed.
 The default value of
@@ -7636,6 +7640,10 @@ is supplied, or
 Exit a login shell.
 .TP
 \fBmapfile\fP [\fB\-n\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-O\fP \fIorigin\fP] [\fB\-s\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-t\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcallback\fP] [\fB\-c\fP \fIquantum\fP] [\fIarray\fP]
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBreadarray\fP [\fB\-n\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-O\fP \fIorigin\fP] [\fB\-s\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-t\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcallback\fP] [\fB\-c\fP \fIquantum\fP] [\fIarray\fP]
+.PD
 Read lines from the standard input into array variable
 .IR array ,
 or from file descriptor 
@@ -7685,6 +7693,10 @@ If
 is specified without 
 .BR \-c ,
 the default quantum is 5000.
+When \fIcallback\fP is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+array element to be assigned as an additional argument.
+\fIcallback\fP is evaluated after the line is read but before the 
+array element is assigned.
 .PP
 If not supplied with an explicit origin, \fBmapfile\fP will clear \fIarray\fP
 before assigning to it.
@@ -7837,7 +7849,7 @@ The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while
 reading the name of the current directory or an
 invalid option is supplied.
 .TP
-\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fB\-\fP \fItext\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
+\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fB\-i\fP \fItext\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
 One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
 \fIfd\fP supplied as an argument to the \fB\-u\fP option, and the first word
 is assigned to the first
@@ -8021,7 +8033,10 @@ immediately, rather than before the next primary prompt.  This is
 effective only when job control is enabled.
 .TP 8
 .B \-e
-Exit immediately if a \fIsimple command\fP (see
+Exit immediately if a \fIpipeline\fP (which may consist of a single
+\fIsimple command\fP),  a \fIsubshell\fP command enclosed in parentheses,
+or one of the commands executed as part of a command list enclosed
+by braces (see
 .SM
 .B SHELL GRAMMAR
 above) exits with a non-zero status.
@@ -8031,21 +8046,25 @@ command that fails is part of the command list immediately following a
 or
 .B until
 keyword, 
-part of the test in an
+part of the test following the
 .B if
-statement, part of a command executed in a
+or
+.B elif
+reserved words, part of any command executed in a
 .B &&
 or
 .B \(bv\(bv
-list,
+list except the command following the final \fB&&\fP or \fB\(bv\(bv\fP,
 any command in a pipeline but the last,
 or if the command's return value is
-being inverted via
+being inverted with
 .BR ! .
-Failing simple commands that are part of shell functions or command lists
-enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
-cause the shell to exit.
 A trap on \fBERR\fP, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
+separately (see
+.B "COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT"
+above), and may cause
+subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
 .TP 8
 .B \-f
 Disable pathname expansion.
@@ -9037,7 +9056,7 @@ The maximum number of pending signals
 The maximum size that may be locked into memory
 .TP
 .B \-m
-The maximum resident set size
+The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit)
 .TP
 .B \-n
 The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not
@@ -9312,7 +9331,7 @@ bfox@gnu.org
 .PP
 Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
 .br
-chet@po.cwru.edu
+chet.ramey@case.edu
 .SH BUG REPORTS
 If you find a bug in
 .B bash,
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+BASHBUG(1)                                                          BASHBUG(1)
+
+
+
+NNAAMMEE
+       bashbug - report a bug in bash
+
+SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
+       bbaasshhbbuugg [_-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n] [_-_-_h_e_l_p] [_e_m_a_i_l_-_a_d_d_r_e_s_s]
+
+DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
+       bbaasshhbbuugg is a shell script to help the user compose and mail bug reports
+       concerning bash in a standard format.  bbaasshhbbuugg invokes the editor spec-
+       ified by the environment variable EEDDIITTOORR on a temporary copy of the bug
+       report format outline. The user must fill in the appropriate fields and
+       exit  the  editor.   bbaasshhbbuugg  then  mails  the completed report to _b_u_g_-
+       _b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g, or _e_m_a_i_l_-_a_d_d_r_e_s_s.  If the report cannot be mailed, it  is
+       saved in the file _d_e_a_d_._b_a_s_h_b_u_g in the invoking user's home directory.
+
+       The  bug report format outline consists of several sections.  The first
+       section provides information about the machine, operating  system,  the
+       bash  version,  and  the  compilation  environment.  The second section
+       should be filled in with a description of the bug.  The  third  section
+       should  be  a  description  of  how to reproduce the bug.  The optional
+       fourth section is for a proposed fix.  Fixes are encouraged.
+
+EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
+       bbaasshhbbuugg will utilize the following environment variables if they exist:
+
+       EEDDIITTOORR Specifies  the  preferred  editor. If EEDDIITTOORR is not set, bbaasshhbbuugg
+              defaults to eemmaaccss.
+
+       HHOOMMEE   Directory in which the failed bug report is saved  if  the  mail
+              fails.
+
+       TTMMPPDDIIRR Directory in which to create temporary files and directories.
+
+SSEEEE AALLSSOO
+       _b_a_s_h(1)
+
+AAUUTTHHOORRSS
+       Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
+       bfox@gnu.org
+
+       Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
+       chet@po.cwru.edu
+
+
+
+GNU Bash-4.0                     1998 July 30                       BASHBUG(1)
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
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+(he mail f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(TMPDIR)108 357.6 Q F0
+(Directory in which to create temporary \214les and directories.)144
+369.6 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 386.4 Q F3(bash)108 398.4 Q F0(\(1\))A F1 -.548
+(AU)72 415.2 S(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 427.2 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E
+(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 439.2 Q(g)-.18 E
+(Chet Rame)108 456 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8
+E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet@po.cwru.edu)
+108 468 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(1998 July 30)148.175 E(1)203.165 E 0 Cg
+EP
+%%Trailer
+end
+%%EOF
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from
+This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
 /Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.

 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.0, 28 October 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 December 2008).

-   This is Edition 4.0, last updated 28 October 2008, of `The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 December 2008, of `The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0.

-   Copyright (C) 1988-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ Bash Features
 *************

 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.0, 28 October 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 December 2008).

-   This is Edition 4.0, last updated 28 October 2008, of `The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 December 2008, of `The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0.

   Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -955,7 +955,9 @@ established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
     `coproc' [NAME] COMMAND [REDIRECTIONS]

 This creates a coprocess named NAME.  If NAME is not supplied, the
-default name is COPROC.
+default name is COPROC.  NAME must not be supplied if COMMAND is a
+simple command (*note Simple Commands::); otherwise, it is interpreted
+as the first word of the simple command.

   When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
 (*note Arrays::) named NAME in the context of the executing shell.  The
@@ -1405,11 +1407,12 @@ introduce indirection.
   In each of the cases below, WORD is subject to tilde expansion,
 parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.

-   When not performing substring expansion, Bash tests for a parameter
-that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a
-parameter that is unset.  Put another way, if the colon is included,
-the operator tests for both existence and that the value is not null;
-if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
+   When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
+below, Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.  Omitting the
+colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.  Put
+another way, if the colon is included, the operator tests for both
+PARAMETER's existence and that its value is not null; if the colon is
+omitted, the operator tests only for existence.

 `${PARAMETER:-WORD}'
     If PARAMETER is unset or null, the expansion of WORD is
@@ -1534,14 +1537,14 @@ if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
     matching PATTERN to uppercase; the `,' operator converts matching
     uppercase letters to lowercase.  The `^^' and `,,' expansions
     convert each matched character in the expanded value; the `^' and
-     `,' expansions match and convert only the first character.  If
-     PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a `?', which matches every
-     character.  If PARAMETER is `@' or `*', the case modification
-     operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the
-     expansion is the resultant list.  If PARAMETER is an array
-     variable subscripted with `@' or `*', the case modification
-     operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the
-     expansion is the resultant list.
+     `,' expansions match and convert only the first character in the
+     expanded value.  If PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a `?',
+     which matches every character.  If PARAMETER is `@' or `*', the
+     case modification operation is applied to each positional
+     parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  If
+     PARAMETER is an array variable subscripted with `@' or `*', the
+     case modification operation is applied to each member of the array
+     in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.



@@ -2184,6 +2187,10 @@ at invocation.  Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline
 are also executed in a subshell environment.  Changes made to the
 subshell environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.

+   Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value
+of the `-e' option from the parent shell.  When not in POSIX mode, Bash
+clears the `-e' option in such subshells.
+
   If a command is followed by a `&' and job control is not active, the
 default standard input for the command is the empty file `/dev/null'.
 Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
@@ -3122,6 +3129,10 @@ POSIX standard.
          CALLBACK.

     If `-C' is specified without `-c', the default quantum is 5000.
+     When CALLBACK  is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+     array element to be assigned as an additional argument.  CALLBACK
+     is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element
+     is assigned.

     If not supplied with an explicit origin, `mapfile' will clear ARRAY
     before assigning to it.
@@ -3226,6 +3237,14 @@ POSIX standard.
          Read input from file descriptor FD.


+`readarray'
+          readarray [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] [
+          -C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+     Read lines from the standard input into array variable ARRAY, or
+     from file descriptor FD if the `-u' option is supplied.
+
+     A synonym for `mapfile'.
+
 `source'
          source FILENAME
     A synonym for `.' (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::).
@@ -9463,12 +9482,13 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
 * mapfile:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 342)
 * popd:                                  Directory Stack Builtins.
                                                              (line  37)
-* printf:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 383)
+* printf:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 387)
 * pushd:                                 Directory Stack Builtins.
                                                              (line  58)
 * pwd:                                   Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                              (line 163)
-* read:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 408)
+* read:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 412)
+* readarray:                             Bash Builtins.       (line 484)
 * readonly:                              Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                              (line 172)
 * return:                                Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -9477,7 +9497,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
 * shift:                                 Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                              (line 201)
 * shopt:                                 The Shopt Builtin.   (line   9)
-* source:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 480)
+* source:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 492)
 * suspend:                               Job Control Builtins.
                                                              (line  94)
 * test:                                  Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -9486,12 +9506,12 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
                                                              (line 281)
 * trap:                                  Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                              (line 286)
-* type:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 484)
-* typeset:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 515)
-* ulimit:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 521)
+* type:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 496)
+* typeset:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 527)
+* ulimit:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 533)
 * umask:                                 Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                              (line 327)
-* unalias:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 607)
+* unalias:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 619)
 * unset:                                 Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                              (line 344)
 * wait:                                  Job Control Builtins.
@@ -9974,132 +9994,132 @@ D.5 Concept Index


 Tag Table:
-Node: Top1344
-Node: Introduction3181
-Node: What is Bash?3409
-Node: What is a shell?4522
-Node: Definitions7062
-Node: Basic Shell Features9980
-Node: Shell Syntax11199
-Node: Shell Operation12229
-Node: Quoting13523
-Node: Escape Character14826
-Node: Single Quotes15311
-Node: Double Quotes15659
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting16784
-Node: Locale Translation17740
-Node: Comments18636
-Node: Shell Commands19254
-Node: Simple Commands20078
-Node: Pipelines20709
-Node: Lists22965
-Node: Compound Commands24694
-Node: Looping Constructs25498
-Node: Conditional Constructs27945
-Node: Command Grouping35951
-Node: Coprocesses37430
-Node: Shell Functions38919
-Node: Shell Parameters43380
-Node: Positional Parameters45796
-Node: Special Parameters46696
-Node: Shell Expansions49660
-Node: Brace Expansion51585
-Node: Tilde Expansion54338
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion56689
-Node: Command Substitution65520
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion66853
-Node: Process Substitution67703
-Node: Word Splitting68753
-Node: Filename Expansion70376
-Node: Pattern Matching72516
-Node: Quote Removal76155
-Node: Redirections76450
-Node: Executing Commands84593
-Node: Simple Command Expansion85263
-Node: Command Search and Execution87193
-Node: Command Execution Environment89530
-Node: Environment92329
-Node: Exit Status93989
-Node: Signals95610
-Node: Shell Scripts97578
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands100096
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins101773
-Node: Bash Builtins119091
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior142764
-Node: The Set Builtin143109
-Node: The Shopt Builtin152149
-Node: Special Builtins163011
-Node: Shell Variables163990
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables164430
-Node: Bash Variables166411
-Node: Bash Features188729
-Node: Invoking Bash189612
-Node: Bash Startup Files195421
-Node: Interactive Shells200390
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?200800
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?201449
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior202264
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions205544
-Node: Shell Arithmetic209123
-Node: Aliases211869
-Node: Arrays214441
-Node: The Directory Stack218283
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins218997
-Node: Printing a Prompt221889
-Node: The Restricted Shell224641
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode226473
-Node: Job Control234326
-Node: Job Control Basics234786
-Node: Job Control Builtins239399
-Node: Job Control Variables243763
-Node: Command Line Editing244921
-Node: Introduction and Notation246488
-Node: Readline Interaction248110
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials249301
-Node: Readline Movement Commands251090
-Node: Readline Killing Commands252055
-Node: Readline Arguments253975
-Node: Searching255019
-Node: Readline Init File257205
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax258352
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs271586
-Node: Sample Init File274119
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands277236
-Node: Commands For Moving278443
-Node: Commands For History279587
-Node: Commands For Text282742
-Node: Commands For Killing285415
-Node: Numeric Arguments287866
-Node: Commands For Completion289005
-Node: Keyboard Macros292772
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands293343
-Node: Readline vi Mode298654
-Node: Programmable Completion299568
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins305401
-Node: Using History Interactively313827
-Node: Bash History Facilities314511
-Node: Bash History Builtins317425
-Node: History Interaction321282
-Node: Event Designators323987
-Node: Word Designators325002
-Node: Modifiers326641
-Node: Installing Bash328045
-Node: Basic Installation329182
-Node: Compilers and Options331874
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures332615
-Node: Installation Names334279
-Node: Specifying the System Type335097
-Node: Sharing Defaults335813
-Node: Operation Controls336486
-Node: Optional Features337444
-Node: Reporting Bugs346846
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell348040
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License364727
-Node: Indexes387188
-Node: Builtin Index387642
-Node: Reserved Word Index394396
-Node: Variable Index396844
-Node: Function Index408650
-Node: Concept Index415382
+Node: Top1346
+Node: Introduction3185
+Node: What is Bash?3413
+Node: What is a shell?4526
+Node: Definitions7066
+Node: Basic Shell Features9984
+Node: Shell Syntax11203
+Node: Shell Operation12233
+Node: Quoting13527
+Node: Escape Character14830
+Node: Single Quotes15315
+Node: Double Quotes15663
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting16788
+Node: Locale Translation17744
+Node: Comments18640
+Node: Shell Commands19258
+Node: Simple Commands20082
+Node: Pipelines20713
+Node: Lists22969
+Node: Compound Commands24698
+Node: Looping Constructs25502
+Node: Conditional Constructs27949
+Node: Command Grouping35955
+Node: Coprocesses37434
+Node: Shell Functions39078
+Node: Shell Parameters43539
+Node: Positional Parameters45955
+Node: Special Parameters46855
+Node: Shell Expansions49819
+Node: Brace Expansion51744
+Node: Tilde Expansion54497
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion56848
+Node: Command Substitution65746
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion67079
+Node: Process Substitution67929
+Node: Word Splitting68979
+Node: Filename Expansion70602
+Node: Pattern Matching72742
+Node: Quote Removal76381
+Node: Redirections76676
+Node: Executing Commands84819
+Node: Simple Command Expansion85489
+Node: Command Search and Execution87419
+Node: Command Execution Environment89756
+Node: Environment92742
+Node: Exit Status94402
+Node: Signals96023
+Node: Shell Scripts97991
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands100509
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins102186
+Node: Bash Builtins119504
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior143695
+Node: The Set Builtin144040
+Node: The Shopt Builtin153080
+Node: Special Builtins163942
+Node: Shell Variables164921
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables165361
+Node: Bash Variables167342
+Node: Bash Features189660
+Node: Invoking Bash190543
+Node: Bash Startup Files196352
+Node: Interactive Shells201321
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?201731
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?202380
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior203195
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions206475
+Node: Shell Arithmetic210054
+Node: Aliases212800
+Node: Arrays215372
+Node: The Directory Stack219214
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins219928
+Node: Printing a Prompt222820
+Node: The Restricted Shell225572
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode227404
+Node: Job Control235257
+Node: Job Control Basics235717
+Node: Job Control Builtins240330
+Node: Job Control Variables244694
+Node: Command Line Editing245852
+Node: Introduction and Notation247419
+Node: Readline Interaction249041
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials250232
+Node: Readline Movement Commands252021
+Node: Readline Killing Commands252986
+Node: Readline Arguments254906
+Node: Searching255950
+Node: Readline Init File258136
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax259283
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs272517
+Node: Sample Init File275050
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands278167
+Node: Commands For Moving279374
+Node: Commands For History280518
+Node: Commands For Text283673
+Node: Commands For Killing286346
+Node: Numeric Arguments288797
+Node: Commands For Completion289936
+Node: Keyboard Macros293703
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands294274
+Node: Readline vi Mode299585
+Node: Programmable Completion300499
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins306332
+Node: Using History Interactively314758
+Node: Bash History Facilities315442
+Node: Bash History Builtins318356
+Node: History Interaction322213
+Node: Event Designators324918
+Node: Word Designators325933
+Node: Modifiers327572
+Node: Installing Bash328976
+Node: Basic Installation330113
+Node: Compilers and Options332805
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures333546
+Node: Installation Names335210
+Node: Specifying the System Type336028
+Node: Sharing Defaults336744
+Node: Operation Controls337417
+Node: Optional Features338375
+Node: Reporting Bugs347777
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell348971
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License365658
+Node: Indexes388119
+Node: Builtin Index388573
+Node: Reserved Word Index395400
+Node: Variable Index397848
+Node: Function Index409654
+Node: Concept Index416386

 End Tag Table
@@ -1095,6 +1095,9 @@ The format for a coprocess is:
@noindent
 This creates a coprocess named @var{NAME}.
 If @var{NAME} is not supplied, the default name is @var{COPROC}.
+@var{NAME} must not be supplied if @var{command} is a simple
+command (@pxref{Simple Commands}); otherwise, it is interpreted as
+the first word of the simple command.

 When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
 (@pxref{Arrays})
@@ -1614,11 +1617,12 @@ introduce indirection.
 In each of the cases below, @var{word} is subject to tilde expansion,
 parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.

-When not performing substring expansion, Bash tests for a parameter
-that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a
-parameter that is unset.  Put another way, if the colon is included,
-the operator tests for both existence and that the value is not null;
-if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
+When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
+below, Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
+Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
+Put another way, if the colon is included,
+the operator tests for both @var{parameter}'s existence and that its value
+is not null; if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.

@table @code

@@ -1769,7 +1773,7 @@ to uppercase; the @samp{,} operator converts matching uppercase letters
 to lowercase.
 The @samp{^^} and @samp{,,} expansions convert each matched character in the
 expanded value; the @samp{^} and @samp{,} expansions match and convert only
-the first character.
+the first character in the expanded value.
 If @var{pattern} is omitted, it is treated like a @samp{?}, which matches
 every character.
 If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
@@ -2106,7 +2110,7 @@ ls 2>&1 > @var{dirlist}
@end example
@noindent
 directs only the standard output to file @var{dirlist},
-because the standard error was duplicated as standard output
+because the standard error was made a copy of the standard output
 before the standard output was redirected to @var{dirlist}.

 Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
@@ -3169,7 +3173,7 @@ is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status,
 subject to the following conditions.
 The @code{ERR} trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
 command list immediately following an @code{until} or @code{while} keyword,
-part of the test in an @code{if} statement,
+part of the test following the @code{if} or @code{elif} reserved words,
 part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list,
 or if the command's return
 status is being inverted using @code{!}.
@@ -3648,6 +3652,10 @@ Specify the number of lines read between each call to @var{callback}.

 If @option{-C} is specified without @option{-c}, 
 the default quantum is 5000.
+When @var{callback}  is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+array element to be assigned as an additional argument.
+@var{callback} is evaluated after the line is read but before the 
+array element is assigned.

 If not supplied with an explicit origin, @code{mapfile} will clear @var{array}
 before assigning to it.
@@ -3765,6 +3773,18 @@ Read input from file descriptor @var{fd}.

@end table

+@item readarray
+@btindex readarray
+@example
+readarray [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}] [
+-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}]
+@end example
+Read lines from the standard input into array variable @var{array},
+or from file descriptor @var{fd}
+if the @option{-u} option is supplied.
+
+A synonym for @code{mapfile}.
+
@item source
@btindex source
@example
@@ -3858,10 +3878,11 @@ The maximum number of pending signals.
 The maximum size that may be locked into memory.

@item -m
-The maximum resident set size.
+The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit).

@item -n
-The maximum number of open file descriptors.
+The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not
+allow this value to be set).

@item -p
 The pipe buffer size.
@@ -3966,18 +3987,25 @@ Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported
 immediately, rather than before printing the next primary prompt.

@item -e
-Exit immediately if a simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}) exits
-with a non-zero status, unless the command that fails is part of the
+Exit immediately if a pipeline (@pxref{Pipelines}), which may consist
+of a single simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}),
+a subshell command enclosed in parentheses (@pxref{Command Grouping}),
+or one of the commands executed as part of a command list enclosed
+by braces (@pxref{Command Grouping})
+returns a non-zero status.
+The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the
 command list immediately following a @code{while} or @code{until} keyword,
 part of the test in an @code{if} statement,
-part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||b} list,
+part of any command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list except
+the command following the final @code{&&} or @code{||},
 any command in a pipeline but the last,
-or if the command's return status is being inverted using @code{!}.
-Failing simple commands that are part of shell functions or command lists
-enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
-cause the shell to exit.
+or if the command's return status is being inverted with @code{!}.
 A trap on @code{ERR}, if set, is executed before the shell exits.

+This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
+separately (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}), and may cause
+subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
+
@item -f
 Disable file name generation (globbing).

@@ -4773,8 +4801,8 @@ even if it is subsequently reset.
@item COMP_WORDS
 An array variable consisting of the individual
 words in the current command line.
-The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
-separate them.
+The line is split into words as Readline would split it, using
+@code{COMP_WORDBREAKS} as described above.
 This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
 programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).

@@ -7318,7 +7346,7 @@ to reproduce it.
 the template it provides for filing a bug report.

 Please send all reports concerning this manual to
-@email{chet@@po.CWRU.Edu}.
+@email{chet.ramey@@case.edu}.

@node Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
@appendix Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+RBASH(1)                                                              RBASH(1)
+
+
+
+NNAAMMEE
+       rbash - restricted bash, see bbaasshh(1)
+
+RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL
+       If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at
+       invocation, the shell becomes restricted.  A restricted shell  is  used
+       to  set  up an environment more controlled than the standard shell.  It
+       behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the  following  are
+       disallowed or not performed:
+
+       +o      changing directories with ccdd
+
+       +o      setting or unsetting the values of SSHHEELLLL, PPAATTHH, EENNVV, or BBAASSHH__EENNVV
+
+       +o      specifying command names containing //
+
+       +o      specifying a file name containing a // as an argument  to  the  ..
+              builtin command
+
+       +o      Specifying  a  filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+              --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command
+
+       +o      importing function definitions from  the  shell  environment  at
+              startup
+
+       +o      parsing  the  value  of  SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at
+              startup
+
+       +o      redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+              ion operators
+
+       +o      using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another
+              command
+
+       +o      adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and  --dd  options
+              to the eennaabbllee builtin command
+
+       +o      Using  the  eennaabbllee  builtin  command  to  enable  disabled shell
+              builtins
+
+       +o      specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command
+
+       +o      turning off restricted mode with sseett ++rr or sseett ++oo rreessttrriicctteedd.
+
+       These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
+
+       When a command that is found to be a shell script  is  executed,  rrbbaasshh
+       turns  off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script.
+
+SSEEEE AALLSSOO
+       bash(1)
+
+
+
+GNU Bash-4.0                      2004 Apr 20                         RBASH(1)
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+(pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .351
+(gument to the)-.18 F F2<ad70>2.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F2
+(hash)2.851 E F0 -.2(bu)2.851 G .351(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 244.8 Q
+32.5<8369>108 261.6 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en)
+-32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 278.4 S(arsing the v)
+-32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.5 E
+(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 295.2 S(edirecting output usi\
+ng the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)-32.5 E 32.5
+<8375>108 312 S(sing the)-32.5 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+(iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E 32.5<8361>
+108 328.8 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E
+F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2
+(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8355>108 345.6 S
+(sing the)-32.5 E F2(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+(iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E 32.5<8373>
+108 362.4 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F2<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E
+F2(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8374>108 379.2
+S(urning of)-32.5 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F2(set +r)
+2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A
+(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 396 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E .429
+(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 412.8 R -.15
+(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E F2(rbash)2.929 E F0 .429(turns of)2.929 F 2.929
+(fa)-.25 G .729 -.15(ny r)-2.929 H .429(estrictions in the shell).15 F
+(spa)108 424.8 Q(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E
+F1(SEE ALSO)72 441.6 Q F0(bash\(1\))108 453.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
+(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(1)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Trailer
+end
+%%EOF
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore

-@set LASTCHANGE Mon Dec 29 16:48:40 EST 2008
+@set LASTCHANGE Fri Feb 13 18:29:03 EST 2009

@set EDITION 4.0
@set VERSION 4.0
-@set UPDATED 29 December 2008
-@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2008
+@set UPDATED 13 February 2009
+@set UPDATED-MONTH February 2009
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out,
     int pipe_in, pipe_out;
     struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
 {
-  int exec_result, invert, ignore_return, was_error_trap;
+  int exec_result, user_subshell, invert, ignore_return, was_error_trap;
  REDIRECT *my_undo_list, *exec_undo_list;
  volatile int last_pid;
  volatile int save_line_number;
@@ -557,6 +557,8 @@ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out,
    return (execute_coproc (command, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close));
 #endif

+  user_subshell = command->type == cm_subshell || ((command->flags & CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL) != 0);
+
  if (command->type == cm_subshell ||
      (command->flags & (CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL)) ||
      (shell_control_structure (command->type) &&
@@ -590,6 +592,10 @@ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out,

 	  if (asynchronous == 0)
 	    {
+	      was_error_trap = signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) && signal_is_ignored (ERROR_TRAP) == 0;
+	      invert = (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0;
+	      ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0;
+
 	      last_command_exit_value = wait_for (paren_pid);

 	      /* If we have to, invert the return value. */
@@ -600,6 +606,20 @@ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out,
 	      else
 		exec_result = last_command_exit_value;

+
+	      if (user_subshell && was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+		{
+		  last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+		  run_error_trap ();
+		}
+
+	      if (user_subshell && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exit_immediately_on_error && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+		{
+		  last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+		  run_pending_traps ();
+		  jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+		}
+
 	      return (last_command_exit_value = exec_result);
 	    }
 	  else
@@ -741,10 +761,8 @@ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out,
 	  }
      }

-      /* 10/6/2008 -- added test for pipe_in and pipe_out because they indicate
-	 the presence of a pipeline, and (until Posix changes things), a
-	 pipeline failure should not cause the parent shell to exit on an
-	 unsuccessful return status, even in the presence of errexit.. */
+      /* 2009/02/13 -- pipeline failure is processed elsewhere.  This handles
+	 only the failure of a simple command. */
      if (was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && pipe_in == NO_PIPE && pipe_out == NO_PIPE && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
 	{
 	  last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
@@ -1056,8 +1074,11 @@ print_formatted_time (fp, format, rs, rsf, us, usf, ss, ssf, cpu)
      else if (s[1] == 'P')
 	{
 	  s++;
+#if 0
+	  /* clamp CPU usage at 100% */
 	  if (cpu > 10000)
 	    cpu = 10000;
+#endif
 	  sum = cpu / 100;
 	  sum_frac = (cpu % 100) * 10;
 	  len = mkfmt (ts, 2, 0, sum, sum_frac);
@@ -1438,6 +1459,7 @@ static struct cpelement *cpe_alloc __P((struct coproc *));
 static void cpe_dispose __P((struct cpelement *));
 static struct cpelement *cpl_add __P((struct coproc *));
 static struct cpelement *cpl_delete __P((pid_t));
+static void cpl_reap __P((void));
 static void cpl_flush __P((void));
 static struct cpelement *cpl_search __P((pid_t));
 static struct cpelement *cpl_searchbyname __P((char *));
@@ -1447,8 +1469,7 @@ Coproc sh_coproc = { 0, NO_PID, -1, -1, 0, 0 };

 cplist_t coproc_list = {0, 0, 0};

-/* Functions to manage the list of exited background pids whose status has
-   been saved. */
+/* Functions to manage the list of coprocs */

 static struct cpelement *
 cpe_alloc (cp)
@@ -1527,6 +1548,37 @@ cpl_delete (pid)
  return (p);
 }

+static void
+cpl_reap ()
+{
+  struct cpelement *prev, *p;
+
+  for (prev = p = coproc_list.head; p; prev = p, p = p->next)
+    if (p->coproc->c_flags & COPROC_DEAD)
+      {
+        prev->next = p->next;	/* remove from list */
+
+	/* Housekeeping in the border cases. */
+	if (p == coproc_list.head)
+	  coproc_list.head = coproc_list.head->next;
+	else if (p == coproc_list.tail)
+	  coproc_list.tail = prev;
+
+	coproc_list.ncoproc--;
+	if (coproc_list.ncoproc == 0)
+	  coproc_list.head = coproc_list.tail = 0;
+	else if (coproc_list.ncoproc == 1)
+	  coproc_list.tail = coproc_list.head;		/* just to make sure */
+
+#if defined (DEBUG)
+	itrace("cpl_reap: deleting %d", p->coproc->c_pid);
+#endif
+
+	coproc_dispose (p->coproc);
+	cpe_dispose (p);
+      }
+}
+
 /* Clear out the list of saved statuses */
 static void
 cpl_flush ()
@@ -1679,6 +1731,16 @@ coproc_closeall ()
  coproc_close (&sh_coproc);
 }

+void
+coproc_reap ()
+{
+  struct coproc *cp;
+
+  cp = &sh_coproc;
+  if (cp && (cp->c_flags & COPROC_DEAD))
+    coproc_dispose (cp);
+}
+
 void
 coproc_rclose (cp, fd)
     struct coproc *cp;
@@ -1751,9 +1813,9 @@ coproc_fdrestore (cp)
  cp->c_rfd = cp->c_rsave;
  cp->c_wfd = cp->c_wsave;
 }
-  
+
 void
-coproc_pidchk (pid)
+coproc_pidchk (pid, status)
     pid_t pid;
 {
  struct coproc *cp;
@@ -1764,7 +1826,14 @@ coproc_pidchk (pid)
    itrace("coproc_pidchk: pid %d has died", pid);
 #endif
  if (cp)
-    coproc_dispose (cp);
+    {
+      cp->c_status = status;
+      cp->c_flags |= COPROC_DEAD;
+      cp->c_flags &= ~COPROC_RUNNING;
+#if 0
+      coproc_dispose (cp);
+#endif
+    }
 }

 void
@@ -2035,7 +2104,7 @@ execute_connection (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close)
 {
  REDIRECT *rp;
  COMMAND *tc, *second;
-  int ignore_return, exec_result;
+  int ignore_return, exec_result, was_error_trap, invert;

  ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0;

@@ -2101,7 +2170,25 @@ execute_connection (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close)
      break;

    case '|':
+      was_error_trap = signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) && signal_is_ignored (ERROR_TRAP) == 0;
+      invert = (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0;
+      ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0;
+
      exec_result = execute_pipeline (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+
+      if (was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+	{
+	  last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+	  run_error_trap ();
+	}
+
+      if (ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exit_immediately_on_error && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+	{
+	  last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+	  run_pending_traps ();
+	  jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+	}
+
      break;

    case AND_AND:
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ extern void coproc_dispose __P((struct coproc *));
 extern void coproc_flush __P((void));
 extern void coproc_close __P((struct coproc *));
 extern void coproc_closeall __P((void));
+extern void coproc_reap __P((void));

 extern void coproc_rclose __P((struct coproc *, int));
 extern void coproc_wclose __P((struct coproc *, int));
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ extern void coproc_fdclose __P((struct coproc *, int));
 extern void coproc_checkfd __P((struct coproc *, int));
 extern void coproc_fdchk __P((int));

-extern void coproc_pidchk __P((pid_t));
+extern void coproc_pidchk __P((pid_t, int));

 extern void coproc_fdsave __P((struct coproc *));
 extern void coproc_fdrestore __P((struct coproc *));
@@ -154,12 +154,16 @@ extern char *sh_modcase __P((const char *, char *, int));

 /* Defines for flags argument to sh_modcase.  These need to agree with what's
   in lib/sh/casemode.c */
-#define CASE_LOWER	0x01
-#define CASE_UPPER	0x02
-#define CASE_CAPITALIZE	0x04
-#define CASE_UNCAP	0x08
-#define CASE_TOGGLE	0x10
-#define CASE_TOGGLEALL	0x20
+#define CASE_LOWER	0x0001
+#define CASE_UPPER	0x0002
+#define CASE_CAPITALIZE	0x0004
+#define CASE_UNCAP	0x0008
+#define CASE_TOGGLE	0x0010
+#define CASE_TOGGLEALL	0x0020
+#define CASE_UPFIRST	0x0040
+#define CASE_LOWFIRST	0x0080
+
+#define CASE_USEWORDS	0x1000

 /* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/clktck.c */
 extern long get_clk_tck __P((void));
@@ -433,8 +437,10 @@ extern int zmapfd __P((int, char **, char *));

 /* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/zread.c */
 extern ssize_t zread __P((int, char *, size_t));
+extern ssize_t zreadretry __P((int, char *, size_t));
 extern ssize_t zreadintr __P((int, char *, size_t));
 extern ssize_t zreadc __P((int, char *));
+extern ssize_t zreadcintr __P((int, char *));
 extern void zreset __P((void));
 extern void zsyncfd __P((int));

@@ -840,6 +840,11 @@ cleanup_dead_jobs ()
      if (jobs[i] && DEADJOB (i) && IS_NOTIFIED (i))
 	delete_job (i, 0);
    }
+
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+  coproc_reap ();
+#endif
+
  UNQUEUE_SIGCHLD(os);
 }

@@ -3081,7 +3086,7 @@ waitchld (wpid, block)
      child = find_process (pid, 1, &job);	/* want living procs only */

 #if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
-      coproc_pidchk (pid);
+      coproc_pidchk (pid, status);
 #endif

      /* It is not an error to have a child terminate that we did
@@ -796,6 +796,8 @@ _rl_read_file (filename, sizep)
      return ((char *)NULL);
    }

+  RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
+
  buffer[i] = '\0';
  if (sizep)
    *sizep = i;
@@ -864,6 +866,7 @@ _rl_read_init_file (filename, include_level)
  buffer = _rl_read_file (openname, &file_size);
  xfree (openname);

+  RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
  if (buffer == 0)
    return (errno);
  
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ _rl_callback_newline ()
    }

  readline_internal_setup ();
+  RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
 }

 /* Install a readline handler, set up the terminal, and issue the prompt. */
@@ -127,6 +128,7 @@ rl_callback_read_char ()

  do
    {
+      RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
      if  (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_ISEARCH))
 	{
 	  eof = _rl_isearch_callback (_rl_iscxt);
@@ -186,6 +188,7 @@ rl_callback_read_char ()
      else
 	eof = readline_internal_char ();

+      RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
      if (rl_done == 0 && _rl_want_redisplay)
 	{
 	  (*rl_redisplay_function) ();
@@ -223,6 +226,7 @@ rl_callback_handler_remove ()
 {
  rl_linefunc = NULL;
  RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK);
+  RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
  if (in_handler)
    {
      in_handler = 0;
@@ -1019,7 +1019,9 @@ gen_completion_matches (text, start, end, our_func, found_quote, quote_char)
     variable rl_attempted_completion_function. */
  if (rl_attempted_completion_function)
    {
+      _rl_interrupt_immediately++;
      matches = (*rl_attempted_completion_function) (text, start, end);
+      _rl_interrupt_immediately--;

      if (matches || rl_attempted_completion_over)
 	{
@@ -1881,6 +1883,7 @@ rl_completion_matches (text, entry_function)
  match_list = (char **)xmalloc ((match_list_size + 1) * sizeof (char *));
  match_list[1] = (char *)NULL;

+  _rl_interrupt_immediately++;
  while (string = (*entry_function) (text, matches))
    {
      if (matches + 1 == match_list_size)
@@ -1890,6 +1893,7 @@ rl_completion_matches (text, entry_function)
      match_list[++matches] = string;
      match_list[matches + 1] = (char *)NULL;
    }
+  _rl_interrupt_immediately--;

  /* If there were any matches, then look through them finding out the
     lowest common denominator.  That then becomes match_list[0]. */
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ history_expand (hstring, output)
 	    }
 	  else if (string[i] == history_expansion_char)
 	    {
-	      if (!cc || member (cc, history_no_expand_chars))
+	      if (cc == 0 || member (cc, history_no_expand_chars))
 		continue;
 	      /* If the calling application has set
 		 history_inhibit_expansion_function to a function that checks
@@ -1164,7 +1164,8 @@ history_expand (hstring, output)
 	  /* If the history_expansion_char is followed by one of the
 	     characters in history_no_expand_chars, then it is not a
 	     candidate for expansion of any kind. */
-	  if (member (cc, history_no_expand_chars))
+	  if (cc == 0 || member (cc, history_no_expand_chars) ||
+	  		 (history_inhibit_expansion_function && (*history_inhibit_expansion_function) (string, i)))
 	    {
 	      ADD_CHAR (string[i]);
 	      break;
@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ rl_gather_tyi ()
    {
      while (chars_avail--)
 	{
+	  RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
 	  k = (*rl_getc_function) (rl_instream);
 	  if (rl_stuff_char (k) == 0)
 	    break;			/* some problem; no more room */
@@ -437,6 +438,7 @@ rl_read_key ()
 	  while (rl_event_hook && rl_get_char (&c) == 0)
 	    {
 	      (*rl_event_hook) ();
+	      RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
 	      if (rl_done)		/* XXX - experimental */
 		return ('\n');
 	      if (rl_gather_tyi () < 0)	/* XXX - EIO */
@@ -450,6 +452,7 @@ rl_read_key ()
 	{
 	  if (rl_get_char (&c) == 0)
 	    c = (*rl_getc_function) (rl_instream);
+	  RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
 	}
    }

@@ -465,6 +468,8 @@ rl_getc (stream)

  while (1)
    {
+      RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
+
 #if defined (__MINGW32__)
      if (isatty (fileno (stream)))
 	return (getch ());
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ _rl_isearch_dispatch (cxt, c)
    {
      if (cxt->lastc >= 0 && (cxt->mb[0] && cxt->mb[1] == '\0') && ENDSRCH_CHAR (cxt->lastc))
 	{
-	  /* This sets rl_pending_input to c; it will be picked up the next
+	  /* This sets rl_pending_input to LASTC; it will be picked up the next
 	     time rl_read_key is called. */
 	  rl_execute_next (cxt->lastc);
 	  return (0);
@@ -397,6 +397,8 @@ readline_internal_setup ()

  if (rl_pre_input_hook)
    (*rl_pre_input_hook) ();
+
+  RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
 }

 STATIC_CALLBACK char *
@@ -406,6 +408,8 @@ readline_internal_teardown (eof)
  char *temp;
  HIST_ENTRY *entry;

+  RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
+
  /* Restore the original of this history line, iff the line that we
     are editing was originally in the history, AND the line has changed. */
  entry = current_history ();
@@ -542,6 +546,7 @@ readline_internal_charloop ()

      lastc = c;
      _rl_dispatch ((unsigned char)c, _rl_keymap);
+      RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();

      /* If there was no change in _rl_last_command_was_kill, then no kill
 	 has taken place.  Note that if input is pending we are reading
@@ -662,7 +667,6 @@ _rl_dispatch_callback (cxt)
  int nkey, r;

  /* For now */
-#if 1
  /* The first time this context is used, we want to read input and dispatch
     on it.  When traversing the chain of contexts back `up', we want to use
     the value from the next context down.  We're simulating recursion using
@@ -680,13 +684,11 @@ _rl_dispatch_callback (cxt)
    }
  else
    r = cxt->childval;
-#else
-  r = _rl_dispatch_subseq (nkey, cxt->dmap, cxt->subseq_arg);
-#endif

  /* For now */
  r = _rl_subseq_result (r, cxt->oldmap, cxt->okey, (cxt->flags & KSEQ_SUBSEQ));

+  RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
  if (r == 0)			/* success! */
    {
      _rl_keyseq_chain_dispose ();
@@ -773,6 +775,8 @@ _rl_dispatch_subseq (key, map, got_subseq)
 	     remember the last command executed in this variable. */
 	  if (rl_pending_input == 0 && map[key].function != rl_digit_argument)
 	    rl_last_func = map[key].function;
+
+	  RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
 	}
      else if (map[ANYOTHERKEY].function)
 	{
@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@
 #define VI_COMMAND_MODE()	(rl_editing_mode == vi_mode && _rl_keymap == vi_movement_keymap)
 #define VI_INSERT_MODE()	(rl_editing_mode == vi_mode && _rl_keymap == vi_insertion_keymap)

+#define RL_CHECK_SIGNALS() \
+	do { \
+	  if (_rl_caught_signal) _rl_signal_handler (_rl_caught_signal); \
+	} while (0)
+
 /*************************************************************************
 *									 *
 * Global structs undocumented in texinfo manual and not in readline.h   *
@@ -291,6 +296,8 @@ extern int _rl_restore_tty_signals PARAMS((void));
 extern int _rl_nsearch_callback PARAMS((_rl_search_cxt *));

 /* signals.c */
+extern void _rl_signal_handler PARAMS((int));
+
 extern void _rl_block_sigint PARAMS((void));
 extern void _rl_release_sigint PARAMS((void));

@@ -424,6 +431,9 @@ extern _rl_keyseq_cxt *_rl_kscxt;
 extern _rl_search_cxt *_rl_nscxt;

 /* signals.c */
+extern int _rl_interrupt_immediately;
+extern int volatile _rl_caught_signal;
+
 extern int _rl_echoctl;

 extern int _rl_intr_char;
@@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ typedef struct { SigHandler *sa_handler; int sa_mask, sa_flags; } sighandler_cxt
 static SigHandler *rl_set_sighandler PARAMS((int, SigHandler *, sighandler_cxt *));
 static void rl_maybe_set_sighandler PARAMS((int, SigHandler *, sighandler_cxt *));

+static RETSIGTYPE rl_signal_handler PARAMS((int));
+static RETSIGTYPE _rl_handle_signal PARAMS((int));
+     
 /* Exported variables for use by applications. */

 /* If non-zero, readline will install its own signal handlers for
@@ -95,6 +98,9 @@ int rl_catch_sigwinch = 0;	/* for the readline state struct in readline.c */
 #endif

 /* Private variables. */
+int _rl_interrupt_immediately = 0;
+int volatile _rl_caught_signal = 0;	/* should be sig_atomic_t, but that requires including <signal.h> everywhere */
+
 /* If non-zero, print characters corresponding to received signals. */
 int _rl_echoctl = 0;

@@ -121,9 +127,33 @@ static sighandler_cxt old_winch;

 /* Readline signal handler functions. */

+/* Called from RL_CHECK_SIGNALS() macro */
+RETSIGTYPE
+_rl_signal_handler (sig)
+{
+  _rl_caught_signal = 0;	/* XXX */
+
+  _rl_handle_signal (sig);
+  SIGHANDLER_RETURN;
+}
+
 static RETSIGTYPE
 rl_signal_handler (sig)
     int sig;
+{
+  if (_rl_interrupt_immediately)
+    {
+      _rl_interrupt_immediately = 0;
+      _rl_handle_signal (sig);
+    }
+
+  _rl_caught_signal = sig;
+  SIGHANDLER_RETURN;
+}
+
+static RETSIGTYPE
+_rl_handle_signal (sig)
+     int sig;
 {
 #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS)
  sigset_t set;
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ rl_free_undo_list ()
      rl_undo_list = rl_undo_list->next;

      if (release->what == UNDO_DELETE)
-	free (release->text);
+	xfree (release->text);

      xfree (release);
    }
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ rl_do_undo ()
 	case UNDO_DELETE:
 	  rl_point = start;
 	  rl_insert_text (rl_undo_list->text);
-	  free (rl_undo_list->text);
+	  xfree (rl_undo_list->text);
 	  break;

 	/* Undoing inserts means deleting some text. */
@@ -53,13 +53,17 @@
 #endif

 /* These must agree with the defines in externs.h */
-#define CASE_NOOP	0x0
-#define CASE_LOWER	0x01
-#define CASE_UPPER	0x02
-#define CASE_CAPITALIZE	0x04
-#define CASE_UNCAP	0x08
-#define CASE_TOGGLE	0x10
-#define CASE_TOGGLEALL	0x20
+#define CASE_NOOP	0x0000
+#define CASE_LOWER	0x0001
+#define CASE_UPPER	0x0002
+#define CASE_CAPITALIZE	0x0004
+#define CASE_UNCAP	0x0008
+#define CASE_TOGGLE	0x0010
+#define CASE_TOGGLEALL	0x0020
+#define CASE_UPFIRST	0x0040
+#define CASE_LOWFIRST	0x0080
+
+#define CASE_USEWORDS	0x1000		/* modify behavior to act on words in passed string */

 extern char *substring __P((char *, int, int));

@@ -96,7 +100,7 @@ sh_modcase (string, pat, flags)
     int flags;
 {
  int start, next, end;
-  int inword, c, nc, nop, match;
+  int inword, c, nc, nop, match, usewords;
  char *ret, *s;
  wchar_t wc;
 #if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
@@ -116,6 +120,10 @@ sh_modcase (string, pat, flags)
  ret = (char *)xmalloc (end + 1);
  strcpy (ret, string);

+  /* See if we are supposed to split on alphanumerics and operate on each word */
+  usewords = (flags & CASE_USEWORDS);
+  flags &= ~CASE_USEWORDS;
+
  inword = 0;
  while (start < end)
    {
@@ -143,16 +151,41 @@ sh_modcase (string, pat, flags)
            }
 	}

+      /* XXX - for now, the toggling operators work on the individual
+	 words in the string, breaking on alphanumerics.  Should I
+	 leave the capitalization operators to do that also? */
      if (flags == CASE_CAPITALIZE)
 	{
-	  nop = inword ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_UPPER;
+	  if (usewords)
+	    nop = inword ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_UPPER;
+	  else
+	    nop = (start > 0) ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_UPPER;
 	  inword = 1;
 	}
      else if (flags == CASE_UNCAP)
 	{
-	  nop = inword ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_LOWER;
+	  if (usewords)
+	    nop = inword ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_LOWER;
+	  else
+	    nop = (start > 0) ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_LOWER;
 	  inword = 1;
 	}
+      else if (flags == CASE_UPFIRST)
+ 	{
+ 	  if (usewords)
+	    nop = inword ? CASE_NOOP : CASE_UPPER;
+	  else
+	    nop = (start > 0) ? CASE_NOOP : CASE_UPPER;
+ 	  inword = 1;
+ 	}
+      else if (flags == CASE_LOWFIRST)
+ 	{
+ 	  if (usewords)
+	    nop = inword ? CASE_NOOP : CASE_LOWER;
+	  else
+	    nop = (start > 0) ? CASE_NOOP : CASE_LOWER;
+ 	  inword = 1;
+ 	}
      else if (flags == CASE_TOGGLE)
 	{
 	  nop = inword ? CASE_NOOP : CASE_TOGGLE;
@@ -36,6 +36,11 @@ extern int errno;

 extern ssize_t zread __P((int, char *, size_t));
 extern ssize_t zreadc __P((int, char *));
+extern ssize_t zreadintr __P((int, char *, size_t));
+extern ssize_t zreadcintr __P((int, char *));
+
+typedef ssize_t breadfunc_t __P((int, char *, size_t));
+typedef ssize_t creadfunc_t __P((int, char *));

 /* Initial memory allocation for automatic growing buffer in zreadlinec */
 #define GET_LINE_INITIAL_ALLOCATION 16
@@ -74,31 +79,32 @@ zgetline (fd, lineptr, n, unbuffered_read)

      if (retval <= 0)
 	{
-	  line[nr] = '\0';
+	  if (line && nr > 0)
+	    line[nr] = '\0';
 	  break;
 	}

      if (nr + 2 >= *n)
 	{
-	 size_t new_size;
+	  size_t new_size;

-	 new_size = (*n == 0) ? GET_LINE_INITIAL_ALLOCATION : *n * 2;
-	 line = xrealloc (*lineptr, new_size);
+	  new_size = (*n == 0) ? GET_LINE_INITIAL_ALLOCATION : *n * 2;
+	  line = (*n >= new_size) ? NULL : xrealloc (*lineptr, new_size);

-	 if (line)
-	   {
-	     *lineptr = line;
-	     *n = new_size;
-	   }
-	 else
-	   {
-	     if (*n > 0)
-	       {
-		 (*lineptr)[*n - 1] = '\0';
-		 nr = *n - 2;
-	       }
-	     break;
-	   }
+	  if (line)
+	    {
+	      *lineptr = line;
+	      *n = new_size;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      if (*n > 0)
+		{
+		  (*lineptr)[*n - 1] = '\0';
+		  nr = *n - 2;
+		}
+	      break;
+	    }
 	}

      line[nr] = c;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ zread (fd, buf, len)
 #define NUM_INTR 3

 ssize_t
-zreadintr (fd, buf, len)
+zreadretry (fd, buf, len)
     int fd;
     char *buf;
     size_t len;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ zreadintr (fd, buf, len)
 	return r;
      if (r == -1 && errno == EINTR)
 	{
-	  if (++nintr > NUM_INTR)
+	  if (++nintr >= NUM_INTR)
 	    return -1;
 	  continue;
 	}
@@ -83,6 +83,16 @@ zreadintr (fd, buf, len)
    }
 }

+/* Call read(2) and allow it to be interrupted.  Just a stub for now. */
+ssize_t
+zreadintr (fd, buf, len)
+     int fd;
+     char *buf;
+     size_t len;
+{
+  return (read (fd, buf, len));
+}
+
 /* Read one character from FD and return it in CP.  Return values are as
   in read(2).  This does some local buffering to avoid many one-character
   calls to read(2), like those the `read' builtin performs. */
@@ -113,6 +123,31 @@ zreadc (fd, cp)
  return 1;
 }

+/* Don't mix calls to zreadc and zreadcintr in the same function, since they
+   use the same local buffer. */
+ssize_t
+zreadcintr (fd, cp)
+     int fd;
+     char *cp;
+{
+  ssize_t nr;
+
+  if (lind == lused || lused == 0)
+    {
+      nr = zreadintr (fd, lbuf, sizeof (lbuf));
+      lind = 0;
+      if (nr <= 0)
+	{
+	  lused = 0;
+	  return nr;
+	}
+      lused = nr;
+    }
+  if (cp)
+    *cp = lbuf[lind++];
+  return 1;
+}
+
 void
 zreset ()
 {
@@ -187,7 +187,12 @@ set_locale_var (var, value)
 #if defined (HAVE_SETLOCALE)
      r = *lc_all ? ((x = setlocale (LC_ALL, lc_all)) != 0) : reset_locale_vars ();
      if (x == 0)
-	internal_warning("setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s", lc_all, strerror(errno));
+	{
+	  if (errno == 0)
+	    internal_warning(_("setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)"), lc_all);
+	  else
+	    internal_warning(_("setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s"), lc_all, strerror (errno));
+	}
      locale_setblanks ();
      return r;
 #else
@@ -237,7 +242,12 @@ set_locale_var (var, value)
 #endif /* HAVE_SETLOCALE */
  
  if (x == 0)
-    internal_warning("setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s", var, get_locale_var (var), strerror(errno));
+    {
+      if (errno == 0)
+	internal_warning(_("setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)"), var, get_locale_var (var));
+      else
+	internal_warning(_("setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s"), var, get_locale_var (var), strerror (errno));
+    }

  return (x != 0);
 }
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@

 #include "shell.h"
 #include "jobs.h"
+#include "execute_cmd.h"

 #include "builtins/builtext.h"	/* for wait_builtin */

@@ -256,6 +257,10 @@ set_pid_status (pid, status)
 {
  int slot;

+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+  coproc_pidchk (pid, status);
+#endif
+
  slot = find_index_by_pid (pid);
  if (slot == NO_PID)
    return;
@@ -387,6 +392,10 @@ cleanup_dead_jobs ()
 	pid_list[i].pid = NO_PID;
    }

+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+  coproc_reap ();
+#endif
+
  return 0;
 }

@@ -941,11 +941,12 @@ unbind_compfunc_variables (exported)

 	$0 == function or command being invoked
   	$1 == command name
-   	$2 = word to be completed (possibly null)
-   	$3 = previous word
+   	$2 == word to be completed (possibly null)
+   	$3 == previous word

   Functions can access all of the words in the current command line
-   with the COMP_WORDS array.  External commands cannot. */
+   with the COMP_WORDS array.  External commands cannot; they have to
+   make do  with the COMP_LINE and COMP_POINT variables. */

 static WORD_LIST *
 build_arg_list (cmd, text, lwords, ind)
@@ -1005,6 +1006,7 @@ gen_shell_function_matches (cs, text, line, ind, lwords, nw, cw)
  WORD_LIST *cmdlist;
  int fval;
  sh_parser_state_t ps;
+  sh_parser_state_t * restrict pps;
 #if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
  ARRAY *a;
 #endif
@@ -1029,9 +1031,16 @@ gen_shell_function_matches (cs, text, line, ind, lwords, nw, cw)

  cmdlist = build_arg_list (funcname, text, lwords, cw);

-  save_parser_state (&ps);  
+  pps = &ps;
+  begin_unwind_frame ("gen-shell-function-matches");
+  add_unwind_protect (restore_parser_state, (char *)pps);
+  add_unwind_protect (dispose_words, (char *)cmdlist);
+  add_unwind_protect (unbind_compfunc_variables, (char *)0);
+
  fval = execute_shell_function (f, cmdlist);  
-  restore_parser_state (&ps);
+
+  discard_unwind_frame ("gen-shell-function-matches");
+  restore_parser_state (pps);

  /* Now clean up and destroy everything. */
  dispose_words (cmdlist);
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More