Jungfraujoch/docs/RUGNUX_FORMATS.md

What Rugnux reads

Which data rugnux opens, before anything is typed. The short answer: an HDF5 master (NXmx or DECTRIS, from any facility), a PILATUS miniCBF sweep, a marCCD sweep or an SMV sweep (ADSC or Rigaku d*TREK) — nothing else is read, so any other format has to be converted to one of these first.

Input is an HDF5 master file, or a directory of PILATUS miniCBF, marCCD or SMV frames. One input is one sweep of one crystal — Rugnux does not combine sweeps or crystals in a run; process each sweep to its own _unmerged.mtz and merge them downstream (see Taking the data onward).

• HDF5 master (NXmx-based) — a file written by jfjoch_writer, a DECTRIS EIGER master, or an NXmx master written by another facility's toolchain. Lengths are taken in the unit the file declares, the image size from the image array's own shape, and each data file's images at the path the master's own link names, so masters that state single values as one-element arrays, compose their images as a virtual dataset over the master itself, or keep them somewhere other than /entry/data/data all open. Where the NXmx spellings are absent the pre-NXmx ones are tried, so a DECTRIS firmware 1.x master opens too — including its goniometer, which used to be missed and the sweep read as stills. Images may be bitshuffle+LZ4/Zstd or the HDF Group's plain LZ4 (filter 32004); any other filter is named in the error.
• PILATUS miniCBF sweep — one frame per file, read natively with no conversion and no libcbf. Name any frame of the sweep, or the directory holding it, and the whole sweep is processed: the frames are the ones matching that frame's template (prefix plus digit count), so a directory holding two sweeps is not spliced into one crystal, and naming a directory takes the sweep with the most frames in it. The geometry, the rotation axis and the detector mounting come from the header, including the imgCIF axis table where the header carries one (see Detector geometry). A raw CBF carries no analysis results, so --mode scale — which re-scales the reflections stored in a _process.h5 — does not accept one. Gzipped frames (.cbf.gz) are read directly, with no decompression step: EMBL Hamburg's beamlines write that form by default, and expanding a sweep first would double the disk it needs. The two forms count as separate sweeps.
• marCCD sweep — what Rayonix MX-series and mar Mosaic detectors write, and what a decade of deposited CCD data is archived as: an uncompressed TIFF with the instrument header in the gap before the pixels. One frame per file, read natively. Naming a frame or its directory selects the sweep exactly as for miniCBF, under either naming scheme these detectors use — a numbered stem (xtal_1_00042.mccd) or the frame number as the file extension (D1.042). The distance, beam centre, pixel size, wavelength and the circle that turned come from the header; the rotation axis' direction does not, because the format has nowhere to state it, so the run settles its sign from the data as it does for a miniCBF that carries no axis table. A CCD frame marks no untrusted pixels, so the sweep starts with nothing masked. Like a raw CBF, it carries no analysis results and --mode scale does not accept one.
• SMV sweep — what ADSC Quantum detectors wrote and what Rayonix and others still write, so most archived CCD data from the 2000s is in this form: an ASCII KEY=value; block between braces, then the pixels. One frame per file, read natively, the sweep selected exactly as above. The beam centre it states is in millimetres and is converted here; its convention varies between writers, and a file that states it transposed indexes nothing until the run's own beam-centre measurement replaces it, which it does automatically. The saturation value is read where the header states one (CCD_IMAGE_SATURATION or SATURATED_VALUE); where it does not, overloads are judged on the 16-bit container alone and the reader says so once per sweep. Rigaku d*TREK headers — what Saturn CCDs on rotating-anode home sources write, recognised by their DETECTOR_NAMES key — are read in their own vocabulary: the pixel size and the point of normal incidence from the spatial-distortion record, the image directions from the detector and distortion vectors (so a mirrored or turned image keeps its hand), the distance and the detector circles, including a swung 2θ arm, from the detector goniometer, the spindle and its angles from the rotation record, and the wavelength from the scan record. Pixel values above 32767 are the format's encoded overflows and are expanded with the header's compression ratio.

Support for the two CCD formats — marCCD and SMV — is very limited and provided as-is; they are read so that a CCD sweep does not need a conversion step to be processed. Only the header fields named above are read, and the headers vary by site and vintage, so no promise is made that every writer's dialect opens. The HDF5 and miniCBF paths are the maintained ones.

XFEL data saved as individual panels is not read. The detectors of serial XFEL endstations — CSPAD, AGIPD, ePix and their kin — write each panel as its own array, with the panel positions kept in a separate geometry file rather than in the image file. Rugnux has no reader for those per-panel containers and no way to take an external geometry, so such data cannot be opened; it belongs in the pipelines built around panel geometries, such as CrystFEL or cctbx.xfel. An XFEL dataset that has already been assembled into single images in an NXmx master opens like any other HDF5 input.

Spots are always found by rugnux itself, including for the two-pass rotation first pass — the spot lists a dataset may already carry were found online, at the acquisition's threshold and with its ice-band spots already discarded, so reusing them would hide the spot-finding settings from the lattice search.