leonarski_fandClaude Opus 5
6e4c0ce202
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The pipeline decompressed each image on the host and uploaded the result. On an 18 Mpx rotation dataset that made the host-to-device copy the bottleneck of the whole per-image loop: nsys puts the copies at 78% of the loop against 39% for every kernel combined - 3600 transfers of 72.4 MB - and they ran at only 12.5 GB/s of an available 27-28 because the host-side decompression was itself saturating host memory bandwidth. The GPU was mostly waiting. So the compressed chunk goes across instead, about 4 MB rather than 72 MB, and is decoded on the device. That removes the transfer and the host decompression that was throttling it, in one change. Measured on an idle machine, a run goes from 45.11 s to 24.97 s - 1.81x - with the merged output unchanged. THE APPROACH IS JON WRIGHT'S (ESRF): "Experiences with GPU decompression for bitshuffle + LZ4 data", HDF5 User Group 2021, and github.com/jonwright/ bslz4decoders. The kernels here are ours, but the idea and the demonstration that it is worth doing are his. Cited in docs/ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.md and in the new section 0 of docs/CPU_DATA_ANALYSIS.md. Two kernels mirror the CPU decoder. LZ4 runs one WARP per bitshuffle block: every lane parses the same sequence stream (a broadcast read, no divergence) and the literal and match copies are split across the 32 lanes so the stores coalesce; an overlapping match is treated as a pattern of period offset sourced from bytes that already precede the write position, which keeps it parallel rather than a serial byte loop. One thread per block instead measured 13x slower. The bitshuffle inverse then un-transposes each byte-plane through shared memory and interleaves the planes back into elements. Only BSHUF_LZ4 is decoded on the device. The zstd variants have no device decoder, and neither has an uncompressed or float image; Supports() returns false for those and the caller decompresses on the host exactly as before. The fallback is explicit, so a format we cannot decode on the device is a slower path and never a wrong answer. Tests hold the device decoder against the CPU one byte for byte, on data from the production compressor, for every element size the detectors emit - including the 8-bit DECTRIS modes, which take bitshuf_decode_block's separate elem_size == 1 branch - plus a many-block frame, the formats it must decline, and malformed containers, which must throw rather than run off a buffer. Battery: 37 crystals, no failures, identical to the host-decode run. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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# Acknowledgements
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Citation: F. Leonarski, M. Bruckner, C. Lopez-Cuenca, A. Mozzanica, H.-C. Stadler, Z. Matej, A. Castellane, B. Mesnet, J. Wojdyla, B. Schmitt and M. Wang "Jungfraujoch: hardware-accelerated data-acquisition system for kilohertz pixel-array X-ray detectors" (2023), J. Synchrotron Rad., 30, 227-234 [doi:10.1107/S1600577522010268](https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577522010268).
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The project is supported by :
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* Innosuisse via Innovation Project "NextGenDCU high data rate acquisition system for X-ray detectors in structural biology applications" (101.535.1 IP-ENG; Apr 2023 - Sep 2025).
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* ETH Domain via Open Research Data Contribute project (Jan - Dec 2023)
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* AMD University Program with donation of licenses of Ethernet IP cores and Vivado software
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Decoding bitshuffle+LZ4 images on the GPU, rather than decompressing them on the host and uploading
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the result, follows Jon Wright (ESRF): "Experiences with GPU decompression for bitshuffle + LZ4
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data", HDF5 User Group meeting (2021), and [bslz4decoders](https://github.com/jonwright/bslz4decoders).
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The CUDA kernels in Jungfraujoch are its own, but the approach is his.
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This software uses Viridis, Magma and Inferno colormaps from Matplotlib under its BSD-compatible license
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