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Jungfraujoch/docs/RUGNUX.md
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leonarski_fandClaude Opus 5 16bf3408f0 Address code-review findings; make detection limits detector-driven
One changeset, developed together in response to a review of this branch, so the
files carry several of the changes at once. Full test suite passes (733 cases).

Spot finding
- Split ImageSpotFinder into Detect() (flag strong pixels - the expensive
  per-pixel pass) and ExtractSpots() (CCL + min/max-pix + resolution mask), with
  Run() = both. The per-image min-pix escalation now detects ONCE and repeats
  only the cheap extraction, instead of re-running the whole finder four times
  per frame as it did on the default path. It also keeps the winning attempt's
  spot list rather than re-extracting it, so the frame that is integrated is
  exactly the frame that was scored - which a GPU re-extract could not guarantee
  (float atomic ordering).
- spot_finding_time_s no longer swallows indexing time, and indexing_time_s now
  sums every escalation call instead of reporting only the last.

Detection limits follow the detector
- The azimuthal-integration upper q and the spot-finding high-resolution limit
  are now std::optional, in the C++ structs AND in the OpenAPI schema, and
  resolve to the detector's own maximum (DiffractionExperiment::GetDetectorMaxQ_
  recipA). Adaptive detection reads a pixel's ring from the azimuthal bins, so a
  pixel outside that q range could never be strong - the integration range
  silently bounded what detection could see, regardless of the requested
  resolution limit. Regenerated the C++ and TypeScript clients; the viewer and
  the web frontend each gained a "to detector edge" switch.

Detection defaults are now per workflow (measured, not assumed)
- Stills: adaptive detection, min-pix chosen per image, no resolution clipping.
- Rotation: fixed-threshold finder, min-pix 2, 1.5 A limit.
  On a 33-crystal rotation battery, adaptive detection helped four hard crystals
  but deterministically broke three (a lost space group, a halved indexing rate,
  a collapsed merge), and the detector-edge limit cost indexing on a strong
  rotation set (100.0 -> 96.8%). Each is still overridable by its flag, and
  --no-adaptive-spots is new.

Indexer seed escalation
- Stop escalating once a seed's lattice explains >= 90% of the seed spots.
  Previously any frame with >= 80 spots always paid three indexer calls, online
  broker included.

Merge-consistency filter
- --min-image-cc gated on a per-image CC computed BEFORE the stills partiality
  post-refinement and never refreshed; the refiner now recomputes it, so the
  reported CC describes the data that are actually merged.
- Replaced the per-call cc_mask argument with one MergeOnTheFly flag, so the
  merge, the error model and MergeStats can no longer disagree about which
  images are in (the --scale path merged unfiltered while its statistics were
  filtered).

Per-image B-factor refinement (-B) removed
- Measured on four serial-stills datasets: it is a no-op where the per-image fit
  is well conditioned and actively harmful where it is not (CC1/2 -8.1, R_meas
  +23.2 on the weakest large-cell set, whose fits hit their [-50, 200] bounds on
  14-25% of images). It had also been silently DISCARDED since the partiality
  post-refinement landed - reported but not applied. Rather than fix and keep a
  knob with no demonstrated benefit, the flag and the whole image_scale_b_factor
  chain are gone: setting, scaling fit, message field, CBOR, HDF5 write and
  read-back, per-image plot, OpenAPI enum, viewer column and checkbox, docs.
  ScaleOnTheFly no longer needs Ceres at all - the fit is a linear IRLS.
  (The Wilson per-image b_factor is a different quantity and stays.)

Stills partiality width now fits both of its components
- sigma^2 = gamma0^2 + (gamma_e*d*)^2 instead of a purely angular gamma_e*d*
  with gamma0 pinned to 0. Fitted per crystal by least squares of dist_ewald^2
  on d*^2. The angular-only width is fitted over a d*^2-dense population, so it
  was pinned by the high-resolution edge and collapsed at low d*: median
  partiality 0.008 beyond 13 A for reflections that were plainly recorded, 55%
  of them under the merge's partiality floor, and the survivors divided by those
  values - which inflated the merged low-resolution intensity scale 3.6x
  (~ +9 A^2 of apparent B). Measured on 5000 stills: the ramp flattens to 0.89x,
  no observation is dropped any more (701750 -> 716811), shell-mean CC1/2 and
  R-free improve slightly. Note CC1/2, R_meas, completeness and a B-refining
  R-free are all blind to that ramp, which is why it survived earlier validation;
  the cost is high-resolution R_meas (98.5 -> 101.9 shell-averaged).

Removed dead code from add-then-remove churn
- Prediction-time "still partiality" (unreachable: no setter), the phantom
  IndexingSettings::min_indexed_spot_fraction knob (getter, no setter - now the
  constant it always was), StillsPartialityRefine's caller-less Settings
  constructor and its reference to a long-gone env var, ProcessImage's unread
  bool return, an unused include, and a dead viewer overlay hook.

Also
- Viewer: the magnifier compared a QImage with itself, so its scene rect was set
  once ever and it could not pan into a larger dataset; the hover tail timer
  could fire after leaveEvent and resurrect the resolution readout outside the
  image.
- update_version.sh regenerated the frontend lock file BEFORE bumping the
  version (every release shipped an off-by-one lock), and did git rm/git add on
  a path that has not existed since the client moved to src/client - with no
  set -e, both failed silently.
- fpga/pcie_driver/postinstall.sh tested "[ ! occurrences > 0 ]", which is a
  redirect, not a test, so dkms add never ran.
- Unit tests for the adaptive-threshold host functions, which had none.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-27 09:07:00 +02:00

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# rugnux
`rugnux` is the **offline** crystallographic data-analysis tool of Jungfraujoch — the
data-processing half of the system (see [Naming](NAMING.md) for where the name comes from).
It takes an existing HDF5 dataset, runs the full analysis pipeline — spot finding, indexing,
geometry refinement, Bragg integration and (optionally) scaling and merging — and writes the
results to a `_process.h5` file, plus reflection files (`.mtz`/`.cif`/`.hkl`) when merging is
requested.
It runs the *same* analysis code as the online and interactive tools, just driven from the
command line over a file rather than a live detector stream.
> **Note.** `rugnux` is under very active development. This page describes the tool and
> its options at a high level; the authoritative, always-current list of options is the program's
> own usage message — run `rugnux` with no arguments.
## Where it fits among the three analysis tools
| Tool | Mode | Driven by | Output |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [`jfjoch_broker`](JFJOCH_BROKER.md) | Online, real-time streaming analysis on FPGA + GPU | HTTP/REST + ZeroMQ | Live results and statistics, images streamed to [`jfjoch_writer`](JFJOCH_WRITER.md) |
| [`jfjoch_viewer`](JFJOCH_VIEWER.md) | Interactive, on-screen exploration | Qt desktop application | Displayed on screen (results not saved to disk) |
| **`rugnux`** | **Offline batch processing of a stored dataset** | **Command-line interface** | **`_process.h5`, and `.mtz`/`.cif`/`.hkl` when merging** |
Use `rugnux` to re-analyse data after acquisition, to experiment with processing
parameters, or to produce merged intensities for downstream structure solution.
## Hardware
As with the rest of Jungfraujoch, **serious performance requires an NVIDIA GPU**. The CUDA build
provides the GPU fast-feedback indexer (`ffbidx`) and the GPU FFT indexer (`fft`); without CUDA
only the CPU `fftw` indexer is available. Spot finding, integration and scaling run on the CPU and
scale with the thread count (`-N`).
## Input and output
**Input** is a single Jungfraujoch HDF5 master file (NXmx-based). If the dataset already contains
stored spot lists, two-pass rotation indexing can reuse them instead of re-running spot finding on
the first pass.
**Output** (controlled by `-o, --output-prefix`, default `output`):
- `<prefix>_process.h5` — NXmx-compliant HDF5 with derived metadata (spots, indexing,
integration, azimuthal integration, per-image statistics). See
[HDF5 / NeXus data format](HDF5.md) for the layout. Written by default only when **not** merging
(i.e. under `--no-merge`); add `--write-process-h5` to also write it when merging.
- Merging is **on by default** (`--no-merge` disables it). The merged reflections are written in
**three** formats — each has its uses downstream:
- `<prefix>.mtz` — CCP4 MTZ (`IMEAN`/`I(+)`/`I(-)`, FrenchWilson `F`, `FreeR_flag`) for the CCP4 /
phenix reflection tools.
- `<prefix>.cif` — mmCIF, for deposition and as the self-describing native format (also carries the
merging statistics, ISa, twinning and radiation-damage indicators).
- `<prefix>.hkl` — SHELX **HKLF 4** text (`h k l I σ(I)`, fixed `3I4,2F8.2`), the direct input for
**SHELXC / ANODE / SHELXD**. Bijvoet mates are written separately (`I(+)` at `+hkl`, `I(-)` at
`-hkl`) so the anomalous signal is preserved; intensities are put on a common scale so the largest
value fits the fixed-width field (the absolute scale is irrelevant to SHELXC/ANODE), and the file
ends with the `0 0 0` terminator record.
All three carry the **refined unit cell** (from rotation indexing) and the **space group determined
from systematic absences** (constrained to the indexed lattice symmetry). No-reference scaling
additionally emits per-iteration `<prefix>_iterN_scale.dat`.
Merged statistics (⟨I/σ⟩, CC1/2, completeness, …), the error model and timing are printed to the
console. By default the written resolution is trimmed automatically where CC1/2 falls off
(`--resolution-cutoff cc-logistic`, CC1/2 target 0.30); set `--scaling-high-resolution` to fix the
limit by hand, or `--resolution-cutoff off` to keep the full range.
## Re-scaling and re-merging (`rugnux --scale`)
The `--scale` mode re-scales and merges the *already-integrated* reflections stored in a
`_process.h5` file, without re-running spot finding or integration. Use it to re-merge quickly with a
different space group, resolution limit, anomalous setting or reference MTZ. It reuses the same
`-o/-N/-s/-e/-S/-A/-B/-z/--scaling-*` options as the full run, and (unlike the full pipeline) does
not run a space-group search, so pass `-S` for the correct symmetry.
## Quick start
### Rotation data
Index, integrate, scale and merge a rotation sweep, fully de novo:
```
rugnux rotation_master.h5 \
-o rotation_run -N 32 \
--scaling-high-resolution 1.4
```
Because the dataset carries a rotation goniometer axis, it is processed as **rotation data by
default**: two-pass rotation indexing (index the sweep once, then process every frame against that
lattice) with the **`rot3d`** partiality model (rotation partials combined into 3D fulls). Scaling
and merging run **by default** (for both rotation and stills; `--no-merge` turns them off); the unit
cell is taken from the rotation indexer and the space group is determined from systematic absences,
and both are written
into the merged `.cif`.
Run **fully de novo** (no `-C`/`-S`) for the best result — supplying a cell or space group up front
tends to *degrade* low-symmetry cases. `--scaling-high-resolution` (set it to your expected
resolution) sharpens both the space-group search and the error model. To tune the first pass use
`--two-pass-rotation=100` (or `-R100` — the first-pass image count); to force the sweep to be
treated as independent stills use `--force-still`.
By default a rotation run also **post-refines the geometry** in a second pass: the first pass
integrates and merges at the header geometry, then the detector distance + beam centre and the crystal
cell / rotation-axis are refined against the merged fulls (cross-validated, and committed only for a
small < 1 % move, with the gauge-weak beam centre restrained toward the header), and the second pass
re-indexes de novo and re-integrates at the refined geometry. The refined pass is the canonical
`<prefix>_*` output; the header-geometry pass is kept alongside as `<prefix>_01_*` for comparison.
Disable it with `--rotation-no-postrefine`.
After the per-frame scale-fulls step, rotation scaling applies three **correction surfaces**, **on by
default** (`--no-scaling-corrections` disables all):
- **Decay** — a global DebyeWaller relative-*B* over the run, for the radiation damage that weakens
later frames more at high resolution (a resolution×time systematic the resolution-flat per-frame
scale cannot remove). It only engages when the total relative-*B* exceeds a physical floor (2 Ų). An
optional `--relative-b[=deg]` extends this single global rate to a smooth per-batch relative-*B* curve
(default 10°-of-rotation batches when bare, off otherwise), cross-validated like the surfaces here, for
crystals whose decay is non-linear in dose.
- **Absorption** — a smooth multiplicative factor over the diffracted-beam direction in the goniometer
frame (path length through the crystal). Negligible at hard X-rays / thin crystals; it matters at
low photon energy. Its benefit shows up most on model-based metrics: a smooth absorption error
largely cancels among symmetry mates (little effect on the error model / ISa) but still biases the
intensities, so it measurably lowers *R*<sub>free</sub>.
- **Modulation** — a smooth multiplicative factor over the position where a reflection lands on the
detector (a flat-field: detector-response and geometric systematics that vary across the detector
plane). Symmetry-equivalents of one reflection land at different detector positions as the crystal
rotates, which over-determines the surface. Because it lives in the detector frame (not the
rotation) the same correction concept applies to stills. This is the largest of the three on
JUNGFRAU data — it lowers *R*<sub>meas</sub> by several to tens of percent on datasets that carry a
detector systematic, while holding or improving CC<sub>1/2</sub> and the anomalous signal.
All three are **cross-validated** — fitted on even-numbered frames and kept only if they improve the
held-out odd-frame symmetry-equivalent agreement by a clear margin (and vice versa). The agreement is
scored as a σ-independent, *R*<sub>meas</sub>-like fractional deviation, so a surface can never pass
cross-validation by merely reshaping the sigmas; where the systematic is absent the surface is a no-op
rather than a source of added noise, which is why they are safe to leave on.
Independently of any correction, a rotation run prints a **radiation-damage report** — the per-image
scale correlation-to-merge and mosaicity versus dose, and the relative *B*-factor change over the run
(first→last) together with a per-batch relative-*B* curve, also written to the merged mmCIF. It is a
data-quality-vs-dose diagnostic and never alters the merged intensities.
### Still / serial data
A dataset with **no goniometer axis** (e.g. a serial grid scan) is processed as **independent
stills automatically** — no flag needed. Known-cell indexing with the GPU fast-feedback indexer,
then merge against a reference structure:
```
rugnux serial_master.h5 \
-o serial_run -N 32 \
-X ffbidx -C 79,79,38,90,90,90 -S 96 \
-z reference.mtz \
--scaling-high-resolution 1.8
```
`ffbidx` requires a known cell (`-C`) and is the indexer of choice for sparse serial stills. The
self-calibrating spot finder is on by default for stills (`--no-adaptive-spots` turns it off), and for
serial stills leave `--min-pix-per-spot` **unset** so it is chosen per image — across the still-target battery this
combination raises the indexing rate and typically extends resolution over a fixed threshold and
fixed min-pix, at equal or better CC½. (You can still pin a fixed threshold with `--spot-sigma` /
`--spot-threshold` and a fixed min-pix with `--min-pix-per-spot`.) If a dataset *does* carry a
goniometer axis but you want per-frame stills processing anyway, add `--force-still`.
## Command-line options
General:
| Option | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `-o, --output-prefix <txt>` | Output file prefix (default: `output`) |
| `-N, --threads <num>` | Number of worker threads (default: all hardware threads) |
| `-s, --start-image <num>` | First image to process (default: 0) |
| `-e, --end-image <num>` | Last image to process (default: all) |
| `-t, --stride <num>` | Process every *n*-th image (default: 1) |
| `-v, --verbose` | Verbose output |
Modes (default: full analysis — spot finding, indexing, integration and merging):
| Option | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `--azint-only` | Only run azimuthal integration (no spot finding/indexing); writes `<prefix>_process.h5` |
| `--scale` | Only re-scale/merge the already-integrated reflections in the input `_process.h5` (no re-integration) |
Spot finding:
| Option | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `--spot-sigma <num>` | Noise sigma level for spot finding (default: 3.0) |
| `--spot-threshold <num>` | Photon-count threshold for spot finding (default: 10) |
| `--adaptive-spots` | Self-calibrating detection (**default for stills**): the strong-pixel threshold comes from each image's own per-resolution-ring noise instead of the fixed `--spot-threshold`, so one setting adapts across datasets (no per-dataset `--spot-threshold`/`--spot-sigma` tuning). Rotation data keeps the fixed-threshold finder unless this is given |
| `--no-adaptive-spots` | Turn adaptive detection off and use the fixed `--spot-threshold` / `--spot-sigma` finder |
| `--spot-false-pixels <num>` | Adaptive-detection operating point: expected noise pixels tolerated per frame (default: 100; implies `--adaptive-spots`) |
| `--spot-high-resolution <num>` | High-resolution limit for spot finding, Å. Omitted: stills extend as far as the detector reaches (no resolution clipping); rotation data keeps a 1.5 Å limit |
| `--spot-low-resolution <num>` | Low-resolution limit for spot finding, Å (default: 50; lower it, e.g. 24, to exclude the direct-beam halo on weak serial data) |
| `--min-pix-per-spot <num>` | Minimum connected strong pixels per spot. **If omitted, min-pix is chosen per image** (stills indexing): the frame is indexed at min-pix 3/2/1 and the one maximising indexed-spot count × indexed fraction is kept. Give an explicit value to force a fixed min-pix instead. |
| `--max-spots <num>` | Maximum spot count (default: 250) |
| `--detect-ice-rings[=on\|off]` | Flag ice-ring spots (de-prioritised in indexing) and exclude ice-ring reflections from scaling/merging; overrides the dataset/master-file setting (default: use the dataset value) |
Azimuthal integration (the radial profile behind the per-image ice-ring score):
| Option | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `-q, --azim-q-spacing <num>` | Q bin spacing, 1/Å (default: 0.01; finer resolves the narrow ice rings) |
| `--azim-min-q <num>` | Minimum Q, 1/Å |
| `--azim-max-q <num>` | Maximum Q, 1/Å. Omitted: integration extends to the highest Q the detector reaches. The adaptive spot finder shares these Q bins, so this also sets how far self-calibrating detection can see |
| `--azim-phi-bins <num>` | Number of azimuthal (phi) bins (default: 1) |
| `--polarization-correction <on\|off>` | Enable/disable the azimuthal polarization correction |
| `--solid-angle-correction <on\|off>` | Enable/disable the azimuthal solid-angle correction |
Indexing:
A dataset with a **rotation goniometer axis** is processed as rotation data (two-pass rotation
indexing) by default; a dataset without one is processed as independent stills. `--force-still`
overrides the former; the `-R` / `--single-pass-rotation` / `--force-rotation-lattice` flags request
rotation explicitly and pick the pass or lattice.
| Option | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `--force-still` | Treat a rotation (goniometer) dataset as independent stills instead of rotation |
| `-X, --indexing-algorithm <txt>` | `FFBIDX` \| `FFT` \| `FFTW` \| `Auto` \| `None` |
| `-C, --unit-cell <cell>` | Reference unit cell `"a,b,c,alpha,beta,gamma"` (required by `ffbidx`) |
| `-S, --space-group <num\|symbol>` | Space group number (`92`) or Hermann-Mauguin symbol (`P43212`) — for indexing and scaling |
| `-r, --refine <txt>` | Geometry refinement: `none` \| `orientation` \| `beam_and_lattice` (default) \| `flex` (try all three per image, keep whichever indexes the most spots; alias `multi`) |
| `-R, --two-pass-rotation[=num]` | Two-pass offline rotation indexing (default for goniometer data; optional first-pass image count, default 100) |
| `--single-pass-rotation[=num]` | Online-like single-pass rotation indexing (optional min angular range, deg) |
| `--redo-rotation-spots` | Redo spot finding for the two-pass rotation first pass |
| `--force-rotation-lattice <vec>` | Force rotation lattice (9 floats, Å), skipping the first pass |
| `--rotation-no-postrefine` | Rotation: disable the default-on two-pass geometry post-refine (see the rotation section) |
| `--refine-geometry[=N\|off]` | Stills: extra first pass that bundle-adjusts the shared beam/distance/cell from N strongly-indexed frames (default 200) then re-indexes; default ON for stills with a reference cell (`-C` / `-z`), `=off` disables |
Indexer choice in brief: `ffbidx` (GPU) refines toward a **known cell** and is best for sparse
serial stills; `fft` (GPU) / `fftw` (CPU) index **de novo** and suit strong rotation data. See the
[CPU/GPU data-analysis reference](CPU_DATA_ANALYSIS.md) for the algorithms.
Scaling and merging:
| Option | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `--no-merge` | Skip scaling and merging (on by default); write only the per-image `_process.h5` |
| `-A, --anomalous` | Anomalous mode (keep Friedel pairs separate) |
| `--scale-fulls` / `--no-scale-fulls` | rot3d: refit a per-frame scale on the combined fulls (XDS order, Unity model); on by default for rotation data, off for stills |
| `--smooth-g[=deg]` | rot3d: smooth the per-frame scale *G* over a degree range before the 3D combine (XDS DELPHI-like; default 5° for rotation, 0 = off) |
| `--no-scaling-corrections` | rot3d: disable the default-on decay + absorption + modulation correction surfaces fitted on the fulls after scale-fulls (see below) |
| `--relative-b[=deg]` | rot3d: fit a per-batch relative-*B* beyond the single decay slope over deg-degree batches, cross-validated (default 10° when bare; off otherwise) |
| `--simple-stills` | Stills: treat every reflection as a full (*p* = 1, single-pass scale/merge) — disables the default-on physical partiality post-refinement |
| `--no-expected-variance-merge` | Stills: disable the default expected-variance merge weighting (which rebuilds each weak observation's signal variance at the reflection mean to de-bias the inverse-variance merge); restores observed-sigma weighting |
| `--capture-uncertainty <num>` | rot3d: systematic sigma on under-captured fulls, ~num·(1captured_fraction)·I (default: 1.0 for rotation, 0 otherwise) |
| `--min-captured-fraction <num>` | rot3d: drop a combined full whose rocking curve was captured below this fraction — edge-of-sweep truncated fulls (default: 0.7 for rotation, 0 otherwise; 0 = off) |
| `--scaling-high-resolution <num>` | High-resolution limit for scaling, Å — manual override (default: no limit; disables the automatic cutoff below) |
| `--resolution-cutoff <txt>` | Automatic high-resolution cutoff for the written reflections and reported shells: `cc-logistic` \| `off` (default: `cc-logistic`; ignored when `--scaling-high-resolution` is set) |
| `--resolution-cc-target <num>` | CC1/2 target defining the `cc-logistic` fall-off (default: 0.30) |
| `--resolution-shells <num>` | Number of resolution shells in the reported statistics table (default: 10) |
| `--min-partiality <num>` | Minimum partiality to accept a reflection (default: 0.02) |
| `--reject-outliers <num>` | Per-observation outlier rejection, N σ from the per-reflection median (default: 6 for `rot3d`, off otherwise) |
| `--min-image-cc <num>` | Per-image CC limit, percent (default: no limit) |
| `--mosaicity <num>` | Diagnostic: fix the scaling mosaicity (°) instead of using the per-image seed |
| `--scaling-iterations <num>` | Scaling iterations with no reference data (default: 3) |
| `-z, --reference-mtz <file>` | Reference MTZ (enables reference-driven scaling) |
| `--reference-column <label>` | Reference MTZ column to use (default: auto — F-model, else IMEAN/I/…) |
| `--write-process-h5` | Also write the (large) `_process.h5` when merging (default: only `.mtz`/`.cif`) |
Integration:
| Option | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `--integrator <txt>` | Spot integrator: `gaussian` (profile-fit, default) \| `empirical` \| `boxsum` (classical fallback) |
| `--integration-radius <r>` | Signal-box radius `r1`, or `r1,r2,r3` (px). One value ⇒ `r2=r1+2`, `r3=r1+4` |
| `--background-trim <f>` | Monochromatic (rotation + still): symmetric trimmed-mean fraction for the background ring, 0≤f<0.5 (default 0.10; 0 = plain mean) — removes the high-side bias that over-subtracts weak high-angle spots |
| `--bandwidth <num>` | Relative X-ray bandwidth FWHM (e.g. `0.01` for a 1% DMM); default from file or 0 (monochromatic) |
Geometry overrides (defaults are taken from the input file; override them to reprocess with a corrected geometry):
| Option | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `--beam-x <num>` | Beam centre X (pixel) |
| `--beam-y <num>` | Beam centre Y (pixel) |
| `--detector-distance <num>` | Detector distance (mm) |
| `--wavelength <num>` | Wavelength (Å) |
| `--rot1 <num>` | PONI detector rotation 1 (rad) |
| `--rot2 <num>` | PONI detector rotation 2 (rad) |
| `--polarization <num>` | Polarization factor |