Merge pull request #227 from tiqi-group/release-v0.10.13

updates to version 0.10.13

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ Provide steps to reproduce the behaviour, including a minimal code snippet (if a
 ## Expected behaviour
 A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
 
-## Screenshot/Video
+## Actual behaviour
+Describe what you see instead of the expected behaviour.
+
+### Screenshot/Video
 If applicable, add visual content that helps explain your problem.
 
 ## Additional context

.github/workflows/publish-to-pypi.yaml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build a binary wheel and a source tarball
       run: python3 -m build
     - name: Store the distribution packages
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: python-package-distributions
         path: dist/
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Download all the dists
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: python-package-distributions
         path: dist/
@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Download all the dists
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: python-package-distributions
         path: dist/
     - name: Sign the dists with Sigstore
-      uses: sigstore/gh-action-sigstore-python@v1.2.3
+      uses: sigstore/gh-action-sigstore-python@v3.0.0
       with:
-        inputs: >-
+        inputs: |
           ./dist/*.tar.gz
           ./dist/*.whl
     - name: Upload artifact signatures to GitHub Release
@@ -85,27 +85,3 @@ jobs:
         gh release upload
         '${{ github.ref_name }}' dist/**
         --repo '${{ github.repository }}'
-
-  # publish-to-testpypi:
-  #   name: Publish Python 🐍 distribution 📦 to TestPyPI
-  #   needs:
-  #   - build
-  #   runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-  #
-  #   environment:
-  #     name: testpypi
-  #     url: https://test.pypi.org/p/pydase
-  #
-  #   permissions:
-  #     id-token: write  # IMPORTANT: mandatory for trusted publishing
-  #
-  #   steps:
-  #   - name: Download all the dists
-  #     uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-  #     with:
-  #       name: python-package-distributions
-  #       path: dist/
-  #   - name: Publish distribution 📦 to TestPyPI
-  #     uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
-  #     with:
-  #       repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/

.github/workflows/python-package.yml

@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: chartboost/ruff-action@v1
-      with:
-        src: "./src"
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
       uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       with:
@@ -31,7 +28,13 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
         python -m pip install poetry
-        poetry install --with dev
+        poetry install --with dev --all-extras
+    - name: Check with ruff
+      run: |
+        poetry run ruff check src
+    - name: Check formatting with ruff
+      run: |
+        poetry run ruff format --check src
     - name: Test with pytest
       run: |
         poetry run pytest

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2023 Mose Müller <mosemueller@gmail.com>
+Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Mose Müller <mosemueller@gmail.com>
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

docs/dev-guide/Observer_Pattern_Implementation.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Overview
 
-The Observer Pattern is a fundamental design pattern in the `pydase` package, serving as the central communication mechanism for state updates to clients connected to a service.
+The [Observer Pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_pattern) is a fundamental design pattern in the `pydase` package, serving as the central communication mechanism for state updates to clients connected to a service.
 
 ## How it Works
 

docs/dev-guide/api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+::: pydase.data_service
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.data_service.data_service_cache
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.data_service.data_service_observer
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.data_service.state_manager
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.server.server
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.server.web_server
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.client
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.components
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.task
+    handler: python
+    options:
+      inherited_members: false
+      show_submodules: true
+
+::: pydase.utils.serialization.serializer
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.utils.serialization.deserializer
+    handler: python
+    options:
+      show_root_heading: true
+      show_root_toc_entry: false
+      show_symbol_type_heading: true
+      show_symbol_type_toc: true
+
+::: pydase.utils.serialization.types
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.utils.decorators
+    handler: python
+    options:
+      filters: ["!render_in_frontend"]
+
+::: pydase.utils.logging
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.units
+    handler: python
+
+::: pydase.config
+    handler: python

docs/getting-started.md

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 # Getting Started
-## Installation
 {%
    include-markdown "../README.md"
-   start="<!--installation-start-->"
-   end="<!--installation-end-->"
+   start="<!--getting-started-start-->"
+   end="<!--getting-started-end-->"
 %}
 
-## Usage
-{%
-   include-markdown "../README.md"
-   start="<!--usage-start-->"
-   end="<!--usage-end-->"
-%}
+[RESTful API]: ./user-guide/interaction/RESTful-API.md
+[Python RPC Client]: ./user-guide/interaction/Python-Client.md
+[Custom Components]: ./user-guide/Components.md#custom-components-pydasecomponents
+[Components]: ./user-guide/Components.md

docs/images/logo-bw.svg

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docs/images/logo-colour.svg

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docs/index.md

@@ -1 +1,17 @@
-{% include-markdown "../README.md" %}
+{%
+   include-markdown "../README.md"
+   start="<!--introduction-start-->"
+   end="<!--introduction-end-->"
+%}
+
+[pydase Banner]: ./images/logo-with-text.png
+[License]: ./about/license.md
+[Observer Pattern]: ./dev-guide/Observer_Pattern_Implementation.md
+[Service Persistence]: ./user-guide/Service_Persistence.md
+[Defining DataService]: ./getting-started.md#defining-a-dataservice
+[Web Interface Access]: ./getting-started.md#accessing-the-web-interface
+[Short RPC Client]: ./getting-started.md#connecting-to-the-service-via-python-rpc-client
+[Customizing Web Interface]: ./user-guide/interaction/Auto-generated-Frontend.md#customization-options
+[Task Management]: ./user-guide/Tasks.md
+[Units]: ./user-guide/Understanding-Units.md
+[Property Validation]: ./user-guide/Validating-Property-Setters.md

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ charset-normalizer==3.3.2 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 click==8.1.7 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 colorama==0.4.6 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 ghp-import==2.1.0 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
+griffe==1.1.0 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 idna==3.7 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 jinja2==3.1.4 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 markdown==3.6 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
@@ -14,10 +15,12 @@ mkdocs-autorefs==1.0.1 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 mkdocs-get-deps==0.2.0 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin==3.9.1 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 mkdocs-material-extensions==1.3.1 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-mkdocs-material==9.5.30 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
+mkdocs-material==9.5.31 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 mkdocs-swagger-ui-tag==0.6.10 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 mkdocs==1.6.0 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-mkdocstrings==0.22.0 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
+mkdocstrings-python==1.10.8 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
+mkdocstrings==0.25.2 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
+mkdocstrings[python]==0.25.2 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 packaging==24.1 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 paginate==0.5.6 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
 pathspec==0.12.1 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"

docs/user-guide/Components.md

@@ -1,6 +1,435 @@
 # Components Guide
-{%
-   include-markdown "../../README.md"
-   start="<!-- Component User Guide Start -->"
-   end="<!-- Component User Guide End -->"
-%}
+
+In `pydase`, components are fundamental building blocks that bridge the Python backend logic with frontend visual representation and interactions. This system can be understood based on the following categories:
+
+## Built-in Type and Enum Components
+
+`pydase` automatically maps standard Python data types to their corresponding frontend components:
+
+- `str`: Translated into a `StringComponent` on the frontend.
+- `int` and `float`: Manifested as the `NumberComponent`.
+- `bool`: Rendered as a `ButtonComponent`.
+- `list`: Each item displayed individually, named after the list attribute and its index.
+- `dict`: Each key-value pair displayed individually, named after the dictionary attribute and its key. **Note** that the dictionary keys must be strings.
+- `enum.Enum`: Presented as an `EnumComponent`, facilitating dropdown selection.
+
+## Method Components
+Within the `DataService` class of `pydase`, only methods devoid of arguments can be represented in the frontend, classified into two distinct categories
+
+1. [**Tasks**](./Tasks.md): Argument-free asynchronous functions, identified within `pydase` as tasks, are inherently designed for frontend interaction. These tasks are automatically rendered with a start/stop button, allowing users to initiate or halt the task execution directly from the web interface. 
+2. **Synchronous Methods with `@frontend` Decorator**: Synchronous methods without arguments can also be presented in the frontend. For this, they have to be decorated with the `@frontend` decorator.
+
+```python
+import pydase
+import pydase.components
+import pydase.units as u
+from pydase.utils.decorators import frontend
+
+
+class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+    @frontend
+    def exposed_method(self) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    async def my_task(self) -> None:
+        while True:
+            # ...
+```
+
+![Method Components](../images/method_components.png)
+
+You can still define synchronous tasks with arguments and call them using a python client. However, decorating them with the `@frontend` decorator will raise a `FunctionDefinitionError`. Defining a task with arguments will raise a `TaskDefinitionError`.
+I decided against supporting function arguments for functions rendered in the frontend due to the following reasons:
+
+1. Feature Request Pitfall: supporting function arguments create a bottomless pit of feature requests. As users encounter the limitations of supported types, demands for extending support to more complex types would grow.
+2. Complexity in Supported Argument Types: while simple types like `int`, `float`, `bool` and `str` could be easily supported, more complicated types are not (representation, (de-)serialization).
+
+## DataService Instances (Nested Classes)
+
+Nested `DataService` instances offer an organized hierarchy for components, enabling richer applications. Each nested class might have its own attributes and methods, each mapped to a frontend component.
+
+Here is an example:
+
+```python
+from pydase import DataService, Server
+
+
+class Channel(DataService):
+    def __init__(self, channel_id: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._channel_id = channel_id
+        self._current = 0.0
+
+    @property
+    def current(self) -> float:
+        # run code to get current
+        result = self._current
+        return result
+
+    @current.setter
+    def current(self, value: float) -> None:
+        # run code to set current
+        self._current = value
+
+
+class Device(DataService):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.channels = [Channel(i) for i in range(2)]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    service = Device()
+    Server(service).run()
+```
+
+![Nested Classes App](../images/Nested_Class_App.png)
+
+**Note** that defining classes within `DataService` classes is not supported (see [this issue](https://github.com/tiqi-group/pydase/issues/16)).
+
+## Custom Components (`pydase.components`)
+
+The custom components in `pydase` have two main parts:
+
+- A **Python Component Class** in the backend, implementing the logic needed to set, update, and manage the component's state and data.
+- A **Frontend React Component** that renders and manages user interaction in the browser.
+
+Below are the components available in the `pydase.components` module, accompanied by their Python usage:
+
+### `DeviceConnection`
+
+The `DeviceConnection` component acts as a base class within the `pydase` framework for managing device connections. It provides a structured approach to handle connections by offering a customizable `connect` method and a `connected` property. This setup facilitates the implementation of automatic reconnection logic, which periodically attempts reconnection whenever the connection is lost.
+
+In the frontend, this class abstracts away the direct interaction with the `connect` method and the `connected` property. Instead, it showcases user-defined attributes, methods, and properties. When the `connected` status is `False`, the frontend displays an overlay that prompts manual reconnection through the `connect()` method. Successful reconnection removes the overlay.
+
+```python
+import pydase.components
+import pydase.units as u
+
+
+class Device(pydase.components.DeviceConnection):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._voltage = 10 * u.units.V
+
+    def connect(self) -> None:
+        if not self._connected:
+            self._connected = True
+
+    @property
+    def voltage(self) -> float:
+        return self._voltage
+
+
+class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.device = Device()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    pydase.Server(service_instance).run()
+```
+
+![DeviceConnection Component](../images/DeviceConnection_component.png)
+
+#### Customizing Connection Logic
+
+Users are encouraged to primarily override the `connect` method to tailor the connection process to their specific device. This method should adjust the `self._connected` attribute based on the outcome of the connection attempt:
+
+```python
+import pydase.components
+
+
+class MyDeviceConnection(pydase.components.DeviceConnection):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        # Add any necessary initialization code here
+
+    def connect(self) -> None:
+        # Implement device-specific connection logic here
+        # Update self._connected to `True` if the connection is successful,
+        # or `False` if unsuccessful
+        ...
+```
+
+Moreover, if the connection status requires additional logic, users can override the `connected` property:
+
+```python
+import pydase.components
+
+class MyDeviceConnection(pydase.components.DeviceConnection):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        # Add any necessary initialization code here
+
+    def connect(self) -> None:
+        # Implement device-specific connection logic here
+        # Ensure self._connected reflects the connection status accurately
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def connected(self) -> bool:
+        # Implement custom logic to accurately report connection status
+        return self._connected
+```
+
+#### Reconnection Interval
+
+The `DeviceConnection` component automatically executes a task that checks for device availability at a default interval of 10 seconds. This interval is adjustable by modifying the `_reconnection_wait_time` attribute on the class instance.
+
+### `Image`
+
+This component provides a versatile interface for displaying images within the application. Users can update and manage images from various sources, including local paths, URLs, and even matplotlib figures.
+
+The component offers methods to load images seamlessly, ensuring that visual content is easily integrated and displayed within the data service.
+
+```python
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import numpy as np
+import pydase
+from pydase.components.image import Image
+
+
+class MyDataService(pydase.DataService):
+    my_image = Image()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    service = MyDataService()
+    # loading from local path
+    service.my_image.load_from_path("/your/image/path/")
+
+    # loading from a URL
+    service.my_image.load_from_url("https://cataas.com/cat")
+
+    # loading a matplotlib figure
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi)
+    plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))
+    plt.grid()
+    service.my_image.load_from_matplotlib_figure(fig)
+
+    pydase.Server(service).run()
+```
+
+![Image Component](../images/Image_component.png)
+
+### `NumberSlider`
+
+The `NumberSlider` component in the `pydase` package provides an interactive slider interface for adjusting numerical values on the frontend. It is designed to support both numbers and quantities and ensures that values adjusted on the frontend are synchronized with the backend.
+
+To utilize the `NumberSlider`, users should implement a class that derives from `NumberSlider`. This class can then define the initial values, minimum and maximum limits, step sizes, and additional logic as needed.
+
+Here's an example of how to implement and use a custom slider:
+
+```python
+import pydase
+import pydase.components
+
+
+class MySlider(pydase.components.NumberSlider):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        value: float = 0.0,
+        min_: float = 0.0,
+        max_: float = 100.0,
+        step_size: float = 1.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(value, min_, max_, step_size)
+
+    @property
+    def min(self) -> float:
+        return self._min
+
+    @min.setter
+    def min(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self._min = value
+
+    @property
+    def max(self) -> float:
+        return self._max
+
+    @max.setter
+    def max(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self._max = value
+
+    @property
+    def step_size(self) -> float:
+        return self._step_size
+
+    @step_size.setter
+    def step_size(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self._step_size = value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> float:
+        """Slider value."""
+        return self._value
+
+    @value.setter
+    def value(self, value: float) -> None:
+        if value < self._min or value > self._max:
+            raise ValueError("Value is either below allowed min or above max value.")
+
+        self._value = value
+
+
+class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.voltage = MySlider()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    service_instance.voltage.value = 5
+    print(service_instance.voltage.value)  # Output: 5
+    pydase.Server(service_instance).run()
+```
+
+In this example, `MySlider` overrides the `min`, `max`, `step_size`, and `value` properties. Users can make any of these properties read-only by omitting the corresponding setter method.
+
+![Slider Component](../images/Slider_component.png)
+
+- Accessing parent class resources in `NumberSlider`
+
+    In scenarios where you need the slider component to interact with or access resources from its parent class, you can achieve this by passing a callback function to it. This method avoids directly passing the entire parent class instance (`self`) and offers a more encapsulated approach. The callback function can be designed to utilize specific attributes or methods of the parent class, allowing the slider to perform actions or retrieve data in response to slider events.
+
+    Here's an illustrative example:
+
+    ```python
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+    import pydase
+    import pydase.components
+
+
+    class MySlider(pydase.components.NumberSlider):
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            value: float,
+            on_change: Callable[[float], None],
+        ) -> None:
+            super().__init__(value=value)
+            self._on_change = on_change
+
+        # ... other properties ...
+
+        @property
+        def value(self) -> float:
+            return self._value
+
+        @value.setter
+        def value(self, new_value: float) -> None:
+            if new_value < self._min or new_value > self._max:
+                raise ValueError("Value is either below allowed min or above max value.")
+            self._value = new_value
+            self._on_change(new_value)
+
+
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self.voltage = MySlider(
+                5,
+                on_change=self.handle_voltage_change,
+            )
+
+        def handle_voltage_change(self, new_voltage: float) -> None:
+            print(f"Voltage changed to: {new_voltage}")
+            # Additional logic here
+
+    if __name__ == "__main__":
+       service_instance = MyService()
+       my_service.voltage.value = 7  # Output: "Voltage changed to: 7"
+       pydase.Server(service_instance).run()
+    ```
+
+- Incorporating units in `NumberSlider`
+
+    The `NumberSlider` is capable of [displaying units](./Understanding-Units.md) alongside values, enhancing its usability in contexts where unit representation is crucial. When utilizing `pydase.units`, you can specify units for the slider's value, allowing the component to reflect these units in the frontend.
+
+    Here's how to implement a `NumberSlider` with unit display:
+
+    ```python
+    import pydase
+    import pydase.components
+    import pydase.units as u
+
+    class MySlider(pydase.components.NumberSlider):
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            value: u.Quantity = 0.0 * u.units.V,
+        ) -> None:
+            super().__init__(value)
+
+        @property
+        def value(self) -> u.Quantity:
+            return self._value
+
+        @value.setter
+        def value(self, value: u.Quantity) -> None:
+            if value.m < self._min or value.m > self._max:
+                raise ValueError("Value is either below allowed min or above max value.")
+            self._value = value
+
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            super().__init__()
+            self.voltage = MySlider()
+
+    if __name__ == "__main__":
+        service_instance = MyService()
+        service_instance.voltage.value = 5 * u.units.V
+        print(service_instance.voltage.value)  # Output: 5 V
+        pydase.Server(service_instance).run()
+    ```
+
+### `ColouredEnum`
+
+This component provides a way to visually represent different states or categories in a data service using colour-coded options. It behaves similarly to a standard `Enum`, but the values encode colours in a format understood by CSS. The colours can be defined using various methods like Hexadecimal, RGB, HSL, and more.
+
+If the property associated with the `ColouredEnum` has a setter function, the keys of the enum will be rendered as a dropdown menu, allowing users to interact and select different options. Without a setter function, the selected key will simply be displayed as a coloured box with text inside, serving as a visual indicator.
+
+```python
+import pydase
+import pydase.components as pyc
+
+
+class MyStatus(pyc.ColouredEnum):
+    PENDING = "#FFA500"  # Hexadecimal colour (Orange)
+    RUNNING = "#0000FF80"  # Hexadecimal colour with transparency (Blue)
+    PAUSED = "rgb(169, 169, 169)"  # RGB colour (Dark Gray)
+    RETRYING = "rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.3)"  # RGB colour with transparency (Yellow)
+    COMPLETED = "hsl(120, 100%, 50%)"  # HSL colour (Green)
+    FAILED = "hsla(0, 100%, 50%, 0.7)"  # HSL colour with transparency (Red)
+    CANCELLED = "SlateGray"  # Cross-browser colour name (Slate Gray)
+
+
+class StatusTest(pydase.DataService):
+    _status = MyStatus.RUNNING
+
+    @property
+    def status(self) -> MyStatus:
+        return self._status
+
+    @status.setter
+    def status(self, value: MyStatus) -> None:
+        # do something ...
+        self._status = value
+
+# Modifying or accessing the status value:
+my_service = StatusExample()
+my_service.status = MyStatus.FAILED
+```
+
+![ColouredEnum Component](../images/ColouredEnum_component.png)
+
+**Note** that each enumeration name and value must be unique.
+This means that you should use different colour formats when you want to use a colour multiple times.
+
+### Extending with New Components
+
+Users can also extend the library by creating custom components. This involves defining the behavior on the Python backend and the visual representation on the frontend. For those looking to introduce new components, the [guide on adding components](https://pydase.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dev-guide/Adding_Components/) provides detailed steps on achieving this.
+

docs/user-guide/Configuration.md

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+
+# Configuring `pydase`
+
+## Do I Need to Configure My `pydase` Service?
+
+`pydase` services work out of the box without requiring any configuration. However, you
+might want to change some options, such as the web server port or logging level. To 
+accommodate such customizations, `pydase` allows configuration through environment 
+variables - avoiding hard-coded settings in your service code.
+
+Why should you avoid hard-coding configurations? Here are two reasons:
+
+1. **Security**:  
+    Protect sensitive information, such as usernames and passwords. By using environment
+    variables, your service code can remain public while keeping private information 
+    secure.
+
+2. **Reusability**:  
+    Services often need to be reused in different environments. For example, you might
+    deploy multiple instances of a service (e.g., for different sensors in a lab). By 
+    separating configuration from code, you can adapt the service to new requirements 
+    without modifying its codebase.
+
+Next, we’ll walk you through the environment variables `pydase` supports and provide an
+example of how to separate service code from configuration.
+
+## Configuring `pydase` Using Environment Variables
+
+`pydase` provides the following environment variables for customization:
+
+- **`ENVIRONMENT`**:  
+  Defines the operation mode (`"development"` or `"production"`), which influences 
+  behaviour such as logging (see [Logging in pydase](./Logging.md)).
+
+- **`SERVICE_CONFIG_DIR`**:  
+  Specifies the directory for configuration files (e.g., `web_settings.json`). Defaults
+  to the `config` folder in the service root. Access this programmatically using:
+
+    ```python
+    import pydase.config
+    pydase.config.ServiceConfig().config_dir
+    ```
+
+- **`SERVICE_WEB_PORT`**:  
+  Defines the web server’s port. Ensure each service on the same host uses a unique 
+  port. Default: `8001`.
+
+- **`GENERATE_WEB_SETTINGS`**:  
+  When `true`, generates or updates the `web_settings.json` file (see [Tailoring Frontend Component Layout](./interaction/Auto-generated-Frontend.md#tailoring-frontend-component-layout)).
+  Existing entries are preserved, and new entries are appended.
+
+### Configuring `pydase` via Keyword Arguments
+
+Some settings can also be overridden directly in your service code using keyword 
+arguments when initializing the server. This allows for flexibility in code-based 
+configuration:
+
+```python
+import pathlib
+from pydase import Server
+from your_service_module import YourService
+
+server = Server(
+    YourService(),
+    web_port=8080,                             # Overrides SERVICE_WEB_PORT
+    config_dir=pathlib.Path("custom_config"),  # Overrides SERVICE_CONFIG_DIR
+    generate_web_settings=True                 # Overrides GENERATE_WEB_SETTINGS
+).run()
+```
+
+## Separating Service Code from Configuration
+
+To decouple configuration from code, `pydase` utilizes `confz` for configuration
+management. Below is an example that demonstrates how to configure a `pydase` service
+for a sensor readout application.
+
+### Scenario: Configuring a Sensor Service
+
+Imagine you have multiple sensors distributed across your lab. You need to configure
+each service instance with:
+
+1. **Hostname**: The hostname or IP address of the sensor.
+2. **Authentication Token**: A token or credentials to authenticate with the sensor.
+3. **Readout Interval**: A periodic interval to read sensor data and log it to a
+  database.
+
+Given the repository structure:
+
+```bash title="Service Repository Structure"
+my_sensor
+├── pyproject.toml
+├── README.md
+└── src
+    └── my_sensor
+        ├── my_sensor.py
+        ├── config.py
+        ├── __init__.py
+        └── __main__.py
+```
+
+Your service might look like this:
+
+### Configuration
+
+Define the configuration using `confz`:
+
+```python title="src/my_sensor/config.py"
+import confz
+from pydase.config import ServiceConfig
+
+class MySensorConfig(confz.BaseConfig):
+    instance_name: str
+    hostname: str
+    auth_token: str
+    readout_interval_s: float
+
+    CONFIG_SOURCES = confz.FileSource(file=ServiceConfig().config_dir / "config.yaml")
+```
+
+This class defines configurable parameters and loads values from a `config.yaml` file
+located in the service’s configuration directory (which is configurable through an 
+environment variable, see [above](#configuring-pydase-using-environment-variables)).
+A sample YAML file might look like this:
+
+```yaml title="config.yaml"
+instance_name: my-sensor-service-01
+hostname: my-sensor-01.example.com
+auth_token: my-secret-authentication-token
+readout_interval_s: 5
+```
+
+### Service Implementation
+
+Your service implementation might look like this:
+
+```python title="src/my_sensor/my_sensor.py"
+import asyncio
+import http.client
+import json
+import logging
+from typing import Any
+
+import pydase.components
+import pydase.units as u
+from pydase.task.decorator import task
+
+from my_sensor.config import MySensorConfig
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class MySensor(pydase.DataService):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.readout_interval_s: u.Quantity = (
+            MySensorConfig().readout_interval_s * u.units.s
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def hostname(self) -> str:
+        """Hostname of the sensor. Read-only."""
+        return MySensorConfig().hostname
+
+    def _get_data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Fetches sensor data via an HTTP GET request. It passes the authentication 
+        token as "Authorization" header."""
+
+        connection = http.client.HTTPConnection(self.hostname, timeout=10)
+        connection.request(
+            "GET", "/", headers={"Authorization": MySensorConfig().auth_token}
+        )
+        response = connection.getresponse()
+        connection.close()
+
+        return json.loads(response.read())
+
+    @task(autostart=True)
+    async def get_and_log_sensor_values(self) -> None:
+        """Periodically fetches and logs sensor data."""
+        while True:
+            try:
+                data = self._get_data()
+                # Write data to database using MySensorConfig().instance_name ...
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Error occurred, retrying in %s seconds. Error: %s",
+                    self.readout_interval_s.m,
+                    e,
+                )
+            await asyncio.sleep(self.readout_interval_s.m)
+```
+
+### Starting the Service
+
+The service is launched via the `__main__.py` entry point:
+
+```python title="src/my_sensor/__main__.py"
+import pydase
+from my_sensor.my_sensor import MySensor
+
+pydase.Server(MySensor()).run()
+```
+
+You can now start the service with:
+
+```bash
+python -m my_sensor
+```
+
+This approach ensures the service is fully configured via the `config.yaml` file,
+separating service logic from configuration.

docs/user-guide/Logging.md

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# Logging in pydase
+
+The `pydase` library organizes its loggers per module, mirroring the Python package hierarchy. This structured approach allows for granular control over logging levels and behaviour across different parts of the library. Logs can also include details about client identification based on headers sent by the client or proxy, providing additional context for debugging or auditing.
+
+## Changing the pydase Log Level
+
+You have two primary ways to adjust the log levels in `pydase`:
+
+1. **Directly targeting `pydase` loggers**
+
+     You can set the log level for any `pydase` logger directly in your code. This method is useful for fine-tuning logging levels for specific modules within `pydase`. For instance, if you want to change the log level of the main `pydase` logger or target a submodule like `pydase.data_service`, you can do so as follows:
+
+    ```python
+    # <your_script.py>
+    import logging
+
+    # Set the log level for the main pydase logger
+    logging.getLogger("pydase").setLevel(logging.INFO)
+
+    # Optionally, target a specific submodule logger
+    # logging.getLogger("pydase.data_service").setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+
+    # Your logger for the current script
+    from pydase.utils.logging import configure_logging_with_pydase_formatter
+    configure_logging_with_pydase_formatter(level=logging.DEBUG)
+
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+    logger.debug("My debug message.")
+    ```
+
+    This approach allows for specific control over different parts of the `pydase` library, depending on your logging needs.
+
+2. **Using the `ENVIRONMENT` environment variable**
+
+    For a more global setting that affects the entire `pydase` library, you can utilize the `ENVIRONMENT` environment variable. Setting this variable to `"production"` will configure all `pydase` loggers to only log messages of level `"INFO"` and above, filtering out more verbose logging. This is particularly useful for production environments where excessive logging can be overwhelming or unnecessary.
+
+    ```bash
+    ENVIRONMENT="production" python -m <module_using_pydase>
+    ```
+
+    In the absence of this setting, the default behavior is to log everything of level `"DEBUG"` and above, suitable for development environments where more detailed logs are beneficial.
+
+## Client Identification in pydase Logs
+
+The logging system in `pydase` includes information about clients based on headers sent by the client or a proxy. The priority for identifying the client is fixed and as follows:
+
+1. **`Remote-User` Header**: This header is typically set by authentication servers like [Authelia](https://www.authelia.com/). While it can be set manually by users, its primary purpose is to provide client information authenticated through such servers.
+2. **`X-Client-ID` Header**: This header is intended for use by Python clients to pass custom client identification information. It acts as a fallback when the `Remote-User` header is not available.
+3. **Default Socket.IO Session ID**: If neither of the above headers is present, the system falls back to the default Socket.IO session ID to identify the client.
+
+For example, a log entries might include the following details based on the available headers:
+
+```plaintext
+2025-01-20 06:47:50.940 | INFO     | pydase.server.web_server.api.v1.application:_get_value:36 - Client [id=This is me!] is getting the value of 'property_attr'
+
+2025-01-20 06:48:13.710 | INFO     | pydase.server.web_server.api.v1.application:_get_value:36 - Client [user=Max Muster] is getting the value of 'property_attr'
+```
+
+## Configuring Logging in Services
+
+To configure logging in services built with `pydase`, use the helper function [`configure_logging_with_pydase_formatter`][pydase.utils.logging.configure_logging_with_pydase_formatter]. This function sets up a logger with the same formatting used internally by `pydase`, so your service logs match the style and structure of `pydase` logs.
+
+### Example
+
+If your service follows a typical layout like:
+
+```text
+└── src
+    └── my_service
+        ├── __init__.py
+        └── ...
+```
+
+you should call `configure_logging_with_pydase_formatter` inside `src/my_service/__init__.py`. This ensures the logger is configured as soon as your service is imported, and before any log messages are emitted.
+
+```python title="src/my_service/__init__.py"
+import sys
+from pydase.utils.logging import configure_logging_with_pydase_formatter
+
+configure_logging_with_pydase_formatter(
+    name="my_service",      # Use the package/module name or None for the root logger
+    level=logging.DEBUG,    # Set the desired logging level (defaults to INFO)
+    stream=sys.stderr       # Optional: set the output stream (stderr by default)
+)
+```
+
+### Notes
+
+- If you pass `name=None`, the root logger will be configured. This affects **all logs** that propagate to the root logger.
+- Passing a specific `name` like `"my_service"` allows you to scope the configuration to your service only, which is safer in multi-library environments.
+- You can use `sys.stdout` instead of `sys.stderr` if your logs are being captured or processed differently (e.g., in containers or logging systems).

docs/user-guide/Service_Persistence.md

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Understanding Service Persistence
+
+`pydase` allows you to easily persist the state of your service by saving it to a file. This is especially useful when you want to maintain the service's state across different runs.
+
+To enable persistence, pass a `filename` keyword argument to the constructor of the [`pydase.Server`][pydase.Server] class. The `filename` specifies the file where the state will be saved:
+
+- If the file **does not exist**, it will be created and populated with the current state when the service shuts down or saves.
+- If the file **already exists**, the state manager will **load** the saved values into the service at startup.
+
+Here’s an example:
+
+```python
+import pydase
+
+class Device(pydase.DataService):
+    # ... define your service class ...
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    service = Device()
+    pydase.Server(service=service, filename="device_state.json").run()
+```
+
+In this example, the service state will be automatically loaded from `device_state.json` at startup (if it exists), and saved to the same file periodically and upon shutdown.
+
+## Automatic Periodic State Saving
+
+When a `filename` is provided, `pydase` automatically enables **periodic autosaving** of the service state to that file. This ensures that the current state is regularly persisted, reducing the risk of data loss during unexpected shutdowns.
+
+The autosave happens every 30 seconds by default. You can customize the interval using the `autosave_interval` argument (in seconds):
+
+```python
+pydase.Server(
+    service=service,
+    filename="device_state.json",
+    autosave_interval=10.0,  # save every 10 seconds
+).run()
+```
+
+To disable automatic saving, set `autosave_interval` to `None`.
+
+## Controlling Property State Loading with `@load_state`
+
+By default, the state manager only restores values for public attributes of your service (i.e. *it does not restore property values*). If you have properties that you want to control the loading for, you can use the [`@load_state`][pydase.data_service.state_manager.load_state] decorator on your property setters. This indicates to the state manager that the value of the property should be loaded from the state file.
+
+Example:
+
+```python
+import pydase
+from pydase.data_service.state_manager import load_state
+
+class Device(pydase.DataService):
+    _name = "Default Device Name"
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._name
+
+    @name.setter
+    @load_state
+    def name(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._name = value
+```
+
+With the `@load_state` decorator applied to the `name` property setter, the state manager will load and apply the `name` property's value from the file upon server startup.
+
+**Note**: If the structure of your service class changes between saves, only properties decorated with `@load_state` and unchanged public attributes will be restored safely.

docs/user-guide/Tasks.md

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Understanding Tasks
+
+In `pydase`, a task is defined as an asynchronous function without arguments that is decorated with the [`@task`][pydase.task.decorator.task] decorator and contained in a class that inherits from [`pydase.DataService`][pydase.DataService]. These tasks usually contain a while loop and are designed to carry out periodic functions. For example, a task might be used to periodically read sensor data, update a database, or perform any other recurring job.
+
+`pydase` allows you to control task execution via both the frontend and Python clients and can automatically start tasks upon initialization of the service. By using the [`@task`][pydase.task.decorator.task] decorator with the `autostart=True` argument in your service class, `pydase` will automatically start these tasks when the server is started. Here's an example:
+
+```python
+import pydase
+from pydase.task.decorator import task
+
+
+class SensorService(pydase.DataService):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.readout_frequency = 1.0
+
+    def _process_data(self, data: ...) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    def _read_from_sensor(self) -> Any:
+        ...
+
+    @task(autostart=True)
+    async def read_sensor_data(self):
+        while True:
+            data = self._read_from_sensor()
+            self._process_data(data)  # Process the data as needed
+            await asyncio.sleep(self.readout_frequency)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    service = SensorService()
+    pydase.Server(service=service).run()
+```
+
+In this example, `read_sensor_data` is a task that continuously reads data from a sensor. By decorating it with `@task(autostart=True)`, it will automatically start running when `pydase.Server(service).run()` is executed.
+
+## Task Lifecycle Control
+
+The [`@task`][pydase.task.decorator.task] decorator replaces the function with a task object that has `start()` and `stop()` methods. This means you can control the task execution directly using these methods. For instance, you can manually start or stop the task by calling `service.read_sensor_data.start()` and `service.read_sensor_data.stop()`, respectively.
+
+## Advanced Task Options
+
+The [`@task`][pydase.task.decorator.task] decorator supports several options inspired by systemd unit services, allowing fine-grained control over task behavior:
+
+- **`autostart`**: Automatically starts the task when the service initializes. Defaults to `False`.
+- **`restart_on_exception`**: Configures whether the task should restart if it exits due to an exception (other than `asyncio.CancelledError`). Defaults to `True`.
+- **`restart_sec`**: Specifies the delay (in seconds) before restarting a failed task. Defaults to `1.0`.
+- **`start_limit_interval_sec`**: Configures a time window (in seconds) for rate limiting task restarts. If the task restarts more than `start_limit_burst` times within this interval, it will no longer restart. Defaults to `None` (disabled).
+- **`start_limit_burst`**: Defines the maximum number of restarts allowed within the interval specified by `start_limit_interval_sec`. Defaults to `3`.
+- **`exit_on_failure`**: If set to `True`, the service will exit if the task fails and either `restart_on_exception` is `False` or the start rate limiting is exceeded. Defaults to `False`.
+
+### Example with Advanced Options
+
+Here is an example showcasing advanced task options:
+
+```python
+import pydase
+from pydase.task.decorator import task
+
+
+class AdvancedTaskService(pydase.DataService):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+
+    @task(
+        autostart=True,
+        restart_on_exception=True,
+        restart_sec=2.0,
+        start_limit_interval_sec=10.0,
+        start_limit_burst=5,
+        exit_on_failure=True,
+    )
+    async def critical_task(self):
+        while True:
+            raise Exception("Critical failure")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    service = AdvancedTaskService()
+    pydase.Server(service=service).run()
+```

docs/user-guide/Understanding-Units.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Understanding Units
+
+`pydase` integrates with the [`pint`](https://pint.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) package to allow you to work with physical quantities within your service. This enables you to define attributes with units, making your service more expressive and ensuring consistency in the handling of physical quantities.
+
+You can define quantities in your `pydase.DataService` subclass using the `pydase.units` module.
+Here's an example:
+
+```python
+from typing import Any
+
+import pydase
+import pydase.units as u
+
+
+class ServiceClass(pydase.DataService):
+    voltage = 1.0 * u.units.V
+    _current: u.Quantity = 1.0 * u.units.mA
+
+    @property
+    def current(self) -> u.Quantity:
+        return self._current
+
+    @current.setter
+    def current(self, value: u.Quantity) -> None:
+        self._current = value
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    service = ServiceClass()
+
+    service.voltage = 10.0 * u.units.V
+    service.current = 1.5 * u.units.mA
+
+    pydase.Server(service=service).run()
+```
+
+In the frontend, quantities are rendered as floats, with the unit displayed as additional text. This allows you to maintain a clear and consistent representation of physical quantities across both the backend and frontend of your service.
+![Web interface with rendered units](../images/Units_App.png)
+
+Should you need to access the magnitude or the unit of a quantity, you can use the `.m` attribute or the `.u` attribute of the variable, respectively. For example, this could be necessary to set the periodicity of a task:
+
+```python
+import asyncio
+import pydase
+import pydase.units as u
+
+
+class ServiceClass(pydase.DataService):
+    readout_wait_time = 1.0 * u.units.ms
+
+    async def read_sensor_data(self):
+        while True:
+            print("Reading out sensor ...")
+            await asyncio.sleep(self.readout_wait_time.to("s").m)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    service = ServiceClass()
+
+    pydase.Server(service=service).run()
+```
+
+For more information about what you can do with the units, please consult the documentation of [`pint`](https://pint.readthedocs.io/en/stable/).
+

docs/user-guide/Validating-Property-Setters.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Using `validate_set` to Validate Property Setters
+
+The `validate_set` decorator ensures that a property setter reads back the set value using the property getter and checks it against the desired value.
+This decorator can be used to validate that a parameter has been correctly set on a device within a specified precision and timeout.
+
+The decorator takes two keyword arguments: `timeout` and `precision`. The `timeout` argument specifies the maximum time (in seconds) to wait for the value to be within the precision boundary.
+If the value is not within the precision boundary after this time, an exception is raised.
+The `precision` argument defines the acceptable deviation from the desired value.
+If `precision` is `None`, the value must be exact.
+For example, if `precision` is set to `1e-5`, the value read from the device must be within ±0.00001 of the desired value.
+
+Here’s how to use the `validate_set` decorator in a `DataService` class:
+
+```python
+import pydase
+from pydase.observer_pattern.observable.decorators import validate_set
+
+
+class Service(pydase.DataService):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._device = RemoteDevice()  # dummy class
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> float:
+        # Implement how to get the value from the remote device...
+        return self._device.value
+
+    @value.setter
+    @validate_set(timeout=1.0, precision=1e-5)
+    def value(self, value: float) -> None:
+        # Implement how to set the value on the remote device...
+        self._device.value = value
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    pydase.Server(service=Service()).run()
+```

docs/user-guide/advanced/Reverse-Proxy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Deploying Services Behind a Reverse Proxy
+
+In some environments, you may need to deploy your services behind a reverse proxy. Typically, this involves adding a CNAME record for your service that points to the reverse proxy in your DNS server. The proxy then routes requests to the `pydase` backend on the appropriate web server port.
+
+However, in scenarios where you don’t control the DNS server, or where adding new CNAME records is time-consuming, `pydase` supports **service multiplexing** using a path prefix. This means multiple services can be hosted on a single CNAME (e.g., `services.example.com`), with each service accessible through a unique path such as `services.example.com/my-service`.
+
+To ensure seamless operation, the reverse proxy must strip the path prefix (e.g., `/my-service`) from the request URL and forward it as the `X-Forwarded-Prefix` header. `pydase` then uses this header to dynamically adjust the frontend paths, ensuring all resources are correctly located.
+
+## Example Deployment with Traefik
+
+Below is an example setup using [Traefik](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/), a widely-used reverse proxy. This configuration demonstrates how to forward requests for a `pydase` service using a path prefix.
+
+### 1. Reverse Proxy Configuration
+
+Save the following configuration to a file (e.g., `/etc/traefik/dynamic_conf/my-service-config.yml`):
+
+```yaml
+http:
+  routers:
+    my-service-route:
+      rule: PathPrefix(`/my-service`)
+      entryPoints:
+        - web
+      service: my-service
+      middlewares:
+        - strip-prefix
+  services:
+    my-service:
+      loadBalancer:
+        servers:
+          - url: http://127.0.0.1:8001
+  middlewares:
+    strip-prefix:
+      stripprefix:
+        prefixes: /my-service
+```
+
+This configuration:
+
+- Routes requests with the path prefix `/my-service` to the `pydase` backend.
+- Strips the prefix (`/my-service`) from the request URL using the `stripprefix` middleware.
+- Forwards the stripped prefix as the `X-Forwarded-Prefix` header.
+
+### 2. Static Configuration for Traefik
+
+Ensure Traefik is set up to use the dynamic configuration. Add this to your Traefik static configuration (e.g., `/etc/traefik/traefik.yml`):
+
+```yaml
+providers:
+  file:
+    filename: /etc/traefik/dynamic_conf/my-service-config.yml
+entrypoints:
+  web:
+    address: ":80"
+```
+
+### 3. Accessing the Service
+
+Once configured, your `pydase` service will be accessible at `http://services.example.com/my-service`. The path prefix will be handled transparently by `pydase`, so you don’t need to make any changes to your application code or frontend resources.

docs/user-guide/advanced/SOCKS-Proxy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Connecting Through a SOCKS5 Proxy
+
+If your target service is only reachable via an SSH gateway or resides behind a 
+firewall, you can route your [`pydase.Client`][pydase.Client] connection through a local
+SOCKS5 proxy. This is particularly useful in network environments where direct access to
+the service is not possible.
+
+## Setting Up a SOCKS5 Proxy
+
+You can create a local [SOCKS5 proxy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCKS) using SSH's
+`-D` option:
+
+```bash
+ssh -D 2222 user@gateway.example.com
+```
+
+This command sets up a SOCKS5 proxy on `localhost:2222`, securely forwarding traffic
+over the SSH connection.
+
+## Using the Proxy in Your Python Client
+
+Once the proxy is running, configure the [`pydase.Client`][pydase.Client] to route 
+traffic through it using the `proxy_url` parameter:
+
+```python
+import pydase
+
+client = pydase.Client(
+    url="ws://target-service:8001",
+    proxy_url="socks5://localhost:2222"
+).proxy
+```
+
+* You can also use this setup with `wss://` URLs for encrypted WebSocket connections.
+
+## Installing Required Dependencies
+
+To use this feature, you must install the optional `socks` dependency group, which 
+includes [`aiohttp_socks`](https://pypi.org/project/aiohttp-socks/):
+
+- `poetry`
+  ```bash
+  poetry add "pydase[socks]"
+  ```
+- `pip`
+  ```bash
+  pip install "pydase[socks]"
+  ```

docs/user-guide/interaction/Auto-generated-Frontend.md

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ The frontend uses a component-based approach, representing various data types an
 `pydase` allows you to enhance the user experience by customizing the web interface's appearance through
 
 1. a custom CSS file, and
-2. tailoring the frontend component layout and display style.
+2. a custom favicon image, and
+3. tailoring the frontend component layout and display style.
 
 For more advanced customization, you can provide a completely custom frontend source.
 
@@ -51,6 +52,34 @@ This will apply the styles defined in `custom.css` to the web interface, allowin
 
 Please ensure that the CSS file path is accessible from the server's running location. Relative or absolute paths can be used depending on your setup.
 
+
+### Custom favicon image
+
+You can customize the favicon displayed in the browser tab by providing your own favicon image file during the server initialization.
+
+Here's how you can use this feature:
+
+1. Prepare your custom favicon image (e.g. a `.png` file).
+2. Pass the path to your favicon file as the `favicon_path` argument when initializing the `Server` class.
+
+Here’s an example:
+
+```python
+import pydase
+
+
+class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+    # ... your service definition ...
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    service = MyService()
+    pydase.Server(service, favicon_path="./my/local/my-favicon.png").run()
+```
+
+This will serve the specified image instead of the default `pydase` logo.
+
+
 ### Tailoring Frontend Component Layout
 
 You can customize the display names, visibility, and order of components via the `web_settings.json` file.
@@ -60,7 +89,7 @@ Each key in the file corresponds to the full access path of public attributes, p
 - **Control Component Visibility**: Utilize the `"display"` key-value pair to control whether a component is rendered in the frontend. Set the value to `true` to make the component visible or `false` to hide it.
 - **Adjustable Component Order**: The `"displayOrder"` values determine the order of components. Alter these values to rearrange the components as desired. The value defaults to [`Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number/MAX_SAFE_INTEGER).
 
-The `web_settings.json` file will be stored in the directory specified by `SERVICE_CONFIG_DIR`. You can generate a `web_settings.json` file by setting the `GENERATE_WEB_SETTINGS` to `True`. For more information, see the [configuration section](#configuring-pydase-via-environment-variables).
+The `web_settings.json` file will be stored in the directory specified by the `SERVICE_CONFIG_DIR` environment variable. You can generate a `web_settings.json` file by setting the `GENERATE_WEB_SETTINGS` to `True`. For more information, see the [configuration section](../Configuration.md).
 
 For example, styling the following service 
 

docs/user-guide/interaction/Python Client.md

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-# Python Client
-
-You can connect to the service using the `pydase.Client`. Below is an example of how to establish a connection to a service and interact with it:
-
-```python
-import pydase
-
-# Replace the hostname and port with the IP address and the port of the machine 
-# where the service is running, respectively
-client_proxy = pydase.Client(hostname="<ip_addr>", port=8001).proxy
-
-# Interact with the service attributes as if they were local
-client_proxy.voltage = 5.0
-print(client_proxy.voltage)  # Expected output: 5.0
-```
-
-This example demonstrates setting and retrieving the `voltage` attribute through the client proxy.
-The proxy acts as a local representative of the remote service, enabling straightforward interaction.
-
-The proxy class dynamically synchronizes with the server's exposed attributes. This synchronization allows the proxy to be automatically updated with any attributes or methods that the server exposes, essentially mirroring the server's API. This dynamic updating enables users to interact with the remote service as if they were working with a local object.
-
-## Tab Completion Support
-
-In interactive environments such as Python interpreters and Jupyter notebooks, the proxy class supports tab completion, which allows users to explore available methods and attributes.
-
-## Integration within Other Services
-
-You can also integrate a client proxy within another service. Here's how you can set it up:
-
-```python
-import pydase
-
-class MyService(pydase.DataService):
-    # Initialize the client without blocking the constructor
-    proxy = pydase.Client(hostname="<ip_addr>", port=8001, block_until_connected=False).proxy
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    service = MyService()
-    # Create a server that exposes this service; adjust the web_port as needed
-    server = pydase.Server(service, web_port=8002). run()
-```
-
-In this setup, the `MyService` class has a `proxy` attribute that connects to a `pydase` service located at `<ip_addr>:8001`.
-The `block_until_connected=False` argument allows the service to start up even if the initial connection attempt fails.
-This configuration is particularly useful in distributed systems where services may start in any order.

docs/user-guide/interaction/Python-Client.md

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# Python RPC Client
+
+The [`pydase.Client`][pydase.Client] allows you to connect to a remote `pydase` service using Socket.IO, facilitating interaction with the service as though it were running locally.
+
+## Basic Usage
+
+```python
+import pydase
+
+# Replace <ip_addr> and <service_port> with the appropriate values for your service
+client_proxy = pydase.Client(url="ws://<ip_addr>:<service_port>").proxy
+
+# For SSL-encrypted services, use the wss protocol
+# client_proxy = pydase.Client(url="wss://your-domain.ch").proxy
+
+# Interact with the service attributes as if they were local
+client_proxy.voltage = 5.0
+print(client_proxy.voltage)  # Expected output: 5.0
+```
+
+This example shows how to set and retrieve the `voltage` attribute through the client proxy.
+The proxy acts as a local representation of the remote service, enabling intuitive interaction.
+
+The proxy class automatically synchronizes with the server's attributes and methods, keeping itself up-to-date with any changes. This dynamic synchronization essentially mirrors the server's API, making it feel like you're working with a local object.
+
+### Accessing Services Behind Firewalls or SSH Gateways
+
+If your service is only reachable through a private network or SSH gateway, you can route your connection through a local SOCKS5 proxy using the `proxy_url` parameter.
+
+See [Connecting Through a SOCKS5 Proxy](../advanced/SOCKS-Proxy.md) for details.
+
+## Context Manager Support
+
+You can also use the client within a context manager, which automatically handles connection management (i.e., opening and closing the connection):
+
+```python
+import pydase
+
+
+with pydase.Client(url="ws://localhost:8001") as client:
+    client.proxy.my_method()
+```
+
+Using the context manager ensures that connections are cleanly closed once the block of code finishes executing.
+
+## Tab Completion Support
+
+In interactive environments like Python interpreters or Jupyter notebooks, the proxy supports tab completion. This allows users to explore available methods and attributes.
+
+## Integrating the Client into Another Service
+
+You can integrate a `pydase` client proxy within another service. Here's an example of how to set this up:
+
+```python
+import pydase
+
+class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+    proxy = pydase.Client(
+        url="ws://<ip_addr>:<service_port>",
+        block_until_connected=False,
+        client_id="my_pydase_client_id",
+    ).proxy
+
+    # For SSL-encrypted services, use the wss protocol
+    # proxy = pydase.Client(
+    #     url="wss://your-domain.ch",
+    #     block_until_connected=False,
+    #     client_id="my_pydase_client_id",
+    # ).proxy
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    service = MyService()
+    # Create a server that exposes this service
+    server = pydase.Server(service, web_port=8002).run()
+```
+
+In this example:
+- The `MyService` class has a `proxy` attribute that connects to a `pydase` service at `<ip_addr>:<service_port>`.
+- By setting `block_until_connected=False`, the service can start without waiting for the connection to succeed.
+- By setting `client_id`, the server will log a descriptive identifier for this client via the `X-Client-Id` HTTP header.
+
+## Custom `socketio.AsyncClient` Connection Parameters
+
+You can configure advanced connection options by passing arguments to the underlying [`AsyncClient`][socketio.AsyncClient] via `sio_client_kwargs`. For example:
+
+```python
+client = pydase.Client(
+    url="ws://localhost:8001",
+    sio_client_kwargs={
+        "reconnection_attempts": 3,
+        "reconnection_delay": 2,
+        "reconnection_delay_max": 10,
+    }
+).proxy
+```
+
+In this setup, the client will attempt to reconnect three times, with an initial delay of 2 seconds (each successive attempt doubles this delay) and a maximum delay of 10 seconds between attempts.

docs/user-guide/interaction/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Interacting with `pydase` Services
+
+`pydase` offers multiple ways for users to interact with the services they create.
+
+- [Auto-generated Frontend](./Auto-generated-Frontend.md)
+- [RESTful API](./RESTful-API.md)
+- [Python Client](./Python-Client.md)

docs/user-guide/interaction/main.md

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-# Interacting with `pydase` Services
-
-`pydase` offers multiple ways for users to interact with the services they create, providing flexibility and convenience for different use cases. This section outlines the primary interaction methods available, including an auto-generated frontend, a RESTful API, and a Python client based on Socket.IO.
-
-{%
-   include-markdown "./Auto-generated Frontend.md"
-   heading-offset=1
-%}
-
-{%
-   include-markdown "./RESTful API.md"
-   heading-offset=1
-%}
-
-{%
-   include-markdown "./Python Client.md"
-   heading-offset=1
-%}
-
-<!-- ## 2. **Socket.IO for Real-Time Updates** -->
-<!-- For scenarios requiring real-time data updates, `pydase` includes a Socket.IO server. This feature is ideal for applications where live data tracking is crucial, such as monitoring systems or interactive dashboards. -->
-<!---->
-<!-- ### Key Features: -->
-<!-- - **Live Data Streams**: Receive real-time updates for data changes. -->
-<!-- - **Event-Driven Communication**: Utilize event-based messaging to push updates and handle client actions. -->
-<!---->
-<!-- ### Example Usage: -->
-<!-- Clients can connect to the Socket.IO server to receive updates: -->
-<!-- ```javascript -->
-<!-- var socket = io.connect('http://<hostname>:<port>'); -->
-<!-- socket.on('<event_name>', function(data) { -->
-<!--     console.log(data); -->
-<!-- }); -->
-<!-- ``` -->
-<!---->
-<!-- **Use Cases:** -->
-<!---->
-<!-- - Real-time monitoring and alerts -->
-<!-- - Live data visualization -->
-<!-- - Collaborative applications -->
-<!---->
-<!-- ## 3. **Auto-Generated Frontend** -->
-<!-- `pydase` automatically generates a web frontend based on the service definitions. This frontend is a convenient interface for interacting with the service, especially for users who prefer a graphical interface over command-line or code-based interactions. -->
-<!---->
-<!-- ### Key Features: -->
-<!-- - **User-Friendly Interface**: Intuitive and easy to use, with real-time interaction capabilities. -->
-<!-- - **Customizable**: Adjust the frontend's appearance and functionality to suit specific needs. -->
-<!---->
-<!-- ### Accessing the Frontend: -->
-<!-- Once the service is running, access the frontend via a web browser: -->
-<!-- ``` -->
-<!-- http://<hostname>:<port> -->
-<!-- ``` -->
-<!---->
-<!-- **Use Cases:** -->
-<!---->
-<!-- - End-user interfaces for data control and visualization -->
-<!-- - Rapid prototyping and testing -->
-<!-- - Demonstrations and training -->
-<!---->
-<!-- ## 4. **Python Client** -->
-<!-- `pydase` also provides a Python client for programmatic interactions. This client is particularly useful for developers who want to integrate `pydase` services into other Python applications or automate interactions. -->
-<!---->
-<!-- ### Key Features: -->
-<!-- - **Direct Interaction**: Call methods and access properties as if they were local. -->
-<!-- - **Tab Completion**: Supports tab completion in interactive environments like Jupyter notebooks. -->
-<!---->
-<!-- ### Example Usage: -->
-<!-- ```python -->
-<!-- import pydase -->
-<!---->
-<!-- client = pydase.Client(hostname="<ip_addr>", port=8001) -->
-<!-- service = client.proxy -->
-<!-- service.some_method() -->
-<!-- ``` -->
-<!---->
-<!-- **Use Cases:** -->
-<!---->
-<!-- - Integrating with other Python applications -->
-<!-- - Automation and scripting -->
-<!-- - Data analysis and manipulation -->

frontend/index.html

@@ -3,11 +3,18 @@
 
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/favicon.ico" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
     <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" />
     <meta name="description" content="Web site displaying a pydase UI." />
 </head>
 
+<script>
+    // this will be set by the python backend if the service is behind a proxy which strips a prefix. The frontend can use this to build the paths to the resources.
+    window.__FORWARDED_PREFIX__ = "";
+    window.__FORWARDED_PROTO__ = "";
+</script>
+
 <body>
     <noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript>
     <div id="root"></div>

frontend/package.json

@@ -10,31 +10,31 @@
         "preview": "vite preview"
     },
     "dependencies": {
-        "@emotion/styled": "^11.11.0",
-        "@mui/material": "^5.14.1",
+        "@emotion/styled": "^11.14.0",
+        "@mui/material": "^5.16.14",
         "bootstrap": "^5.3.3",
         "deep-equal": "^2.2.3",
-        "react": "^18.3.1",
-        "react-bootstrap": "^2.10.0",
-        "react-bootstrap-icons": "^1.11.4",
-        "socket.io-client": "^4.7.1"
+        "react": "^19.0.0",
+        "react-bootstrap": "^2.10.7",
+        "react-bootstrap-icons": "^1.11.5",
+        "socket.io-client": "^4.8.1"
     },
     "devDependencies": {
-        "@eslint/js": "^9.6.0",
+        "@eslint/js": "^9.18.0",
         "@types/deep-equal": "^1.0.4",
         "@types/eslint__js": "^8.42.3",
-        "@types/node": "^20.14.10",
-        "@types/react": "^18.3.3",
-        "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.0",
+        "@types/node": "^20.17.14",
+        "@types/react": "^19.0.7",
+        "@types/react-dom": "^19.0.3",
         "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^7.15.0",
-        "@vitejs/plugin-react-swc": "^3.5.0",
-        "eslint": "^8.57.0",
+        "@vitejs/plugin-react-swc": "^3.7.2",
+        "eslint": "^8.57.1",
         "eslint-config-prettier": "^9.1.0",
-        "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.1.3",
-        "eslint-plugin-react": "^7.34.3",
+        "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.2.3",
+        "eslint-plugin-react": "^7.37.4",
         "prettier": "3.3.2",
-        "typescript": "^5.5.3",
-        "typescript-eslint": "^7.15.0",
-        "vite": "^5.3.1"
+        "typescript": "^5.7.3",
+        "typescript-eslint": "^7.18.0",
+        "vite": "^5.4.12"
     }
 }

frontend/src/App.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useReducer, useState } from "react";
 import { Navbar, Form, Offcanvas, Container } from "react-bootstrap";
-import { hostname, port, socket } from "./socket";
+import { authority, socket, forwardedProto } from "./socket";
 import "./App.css";
 import {
   Notifications,
@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ const App = () => {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     // Allow the user to add a custom css file
-    fetch(`http://${hostname}:${port}/custom.css`)
+    fetch(`${forwardedProto}://${authority}/custom.css`, { credentials: "include" })
       .then((response) => {
         if (response.ok) {
           // If the file exists, create a link element for the custom CSS
           const link = document.createElement("link");
-          link.href = `http://${hostname}:${port}/custom.css`;
+          link.href = `${forwardedProto}://${authority}/custom.css`;
           link.type = "text/css";
           link.rel = "stylesheet";
           document.head.appendChild(link);
@@ -83,7 +83,9 @@ const App = () => {
 
     socket.on("connect", () => {
       // Fetch data from the API when the client connects
-      fetch(`http://${hostname}:${port}/service-properties`)
+      fetch(`${forwardedProto}://${authority}/service-properties`, {
+        credentials: "include",
+      })
         .then((response) => response.json())
         .then((data: State) => {
           dispatch({ type: "SET_DATA", data });
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ const App = () => {
 
           document.title = data.name; // Setting browser tab title
         });
-      fetch(`http://${hostname}:${port}/web-settings`)
+      fetch(`${forwardedProto}://${authority}/web-settings`, { credentials: "include" })
         .then((response) => response.json())
         .then((data: Record<string, WebSetting>) => setWebSettings(data));
       setConnectionStatus("connected");

frontend/src/components/GenericComponent.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import { NumberComponent, NumberObject } from "./NumberComponent";
 import { SliderComponent } from "./SliderComponent";
 import { EnumComponent } from "./EnumComponent";
 import { MethodComponent } from "./MethodComponent";
-import { AsyncMethodComponent } from "./AsyncMethodComponent";
 import { StringComponent } from "./StringComponent";
 import { ListComponent } from "./ListComponent";
 import { DataServiceComponent, DataServiceJSON } from "./DataServiceComponent";
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@ import { updateValue } from "../socket";
 import { DictComponent } from "./DictComponent";
 import { parseFullAccessPath } from "../utils/stateUtils";
 import { SerializedEnum, SerializedObject } from "../types/SerializedObject";
+import { TaskComponent, TaskStatus } from "./TaskComponent";
 
 interface GenericComponentProps {
   attribute: SerializedObject;
@@ -144,30 +144,16 @@ export const GenericComponent = React.memo(
         />
       );
     } else if (attribute.type === "method") {
-      if (!attribute.async) {
-        return (
-          <MethodComponent
-            fullAccessPath={fullAccessPath}
-            docString={attribute.doc}
-            addNotification={addNotification}
-            displayName={displayName}
-            id={id}
-            render={attribute.frontend_render}
-          />
-        );
-      } else {
-        return (
-          <AsyncMethodComponent
-            fullAccessPath={fullAccessPath}
-            docString={attribute.doc}
-            value={attribute.value as "RUNNING" | null}
-            addNotification={addNotification}
-            displayName={displayName}
-            id={id}
-            render={attribute.frontend_render}
-          />
-        );
-      }
+      return (
+        <MethodComponent
+          fullAccessPath={fullAccessPath}
+          docString={attribute.doc}
+          addNotification={addNotification}
+          displayName={displayName}
+          id={id}
+          render={attribute.frontend_render}
+        />
+      );
     } else if (attribute.type === "str") {
       return (
         <StringComponent
@@ -182,6 +168,17 @@ export const GenericComponent = React.memo(
           id={id}
         />
       );
+    } else if (attribute.type == "Task") {
+      return (
+        <TaskComponent
+          fullAccessPath={fullAccessPath}
+          docString={attribute.doc}
+          status={attribute.value["status"].value as TaskStatus}
+          addNotification={addNotification}
+          displayName={displayName}
+          id={id}
+        />
+      );
     } else if (attribute.type === "DataService") {
       return (
         <DataServiceComponent

frontend/src/components/NumberComponent.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import React, { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { Form, InputGroup } from "react-bootstrap";
 import { DocStringComponent } from "./DocStringComponent";
 import "../App.css";
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ const handleNumericKey = (
   selectionStart: number,
   selectionEnd: number,
 ) => {
+  let newValue = value;
+
   // Check if a number key or a decimal point key is pressed
   if (key === "." && value.includes(".")) {
     // Check if value already contains a decimal. If so, ignore input.
@@ -139,20 +141,67 @@ const handleNumericKey = (
     return { value, selectionStart };
   }
 
-  let newValue = value;
+  // Handle minus sign input
+  if (key === "-") {
+    if (selectionStart === 0 && selectionEnd > selectionStart) {
+      // Replace selection with minus if selection starts at 0
+      newValue = "-" + value.slice(selectionEnd);
+      selectionStart = 1;
+    } else if (selectionStart === 0 && !value.startsWith("-")) {
+      // Add minus at the beginning if it doesn't exist
+      newValue = "-" + value;
+      selectionStart = 1;
+    } else if (
+      (selectionStart === 0 || selectionStart === 1) &&
+      value.startsWith("-")
+    ) {
+      // Remove minus if it exists
+      newValue = value.slice(1);
+      selectionStart = 0;
+    }
+
+    return { value: newValue, selectionStart };
+  }
 
   // Add the new key at the cursor's position
   if (selectionEnd > selectionStart) {
     // If there is a selection, replace it with the key
     newValue = value.slice(0, selectionStart) + key + value.slice(selectionEnd);
   } else {
-    // otherwise, append the key after the selection start
+    // Otherwise, insert the key at the cursor position
     newValue = value.slice(0, selectionStart) + key + value.slice(selectionStart);
   }
 
   return { value: newValue, selectionStart: selectionStart + 1 };
 };
 
+/**
+ * Calculates the new cursor position after moving left by a specified step size.
+ *
+ * @param cursorPosition - The current position of the cursor.
+ * @param step - The number of positions to move left.
+ * @returns The new cursor position, clamped to a minimum of 0.
+ */
+const getCursorLeftPosition = (cursorPosition: number, step: number): number => {
+  return Math.max(0, cursorPosition - step);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Calculates the new cursor position after moving right by a specified step size.
+ *
+ * @param cursorPosition - The current position of the cursor.
+ * @param step - The number of positions to move right.
+ * @param maxPosition - The maximum allowed cursor position (e.g., value.length).
+ * @returns The new cursor position, clamped to a maximum of maxPosition.
+ */
+const getCursorRightPosition = (
+  cursorPosition: number,
+  step: number,
+  maxPosition: number,
+): number => {
+  return Math.min(maxPosition, cursorPosition + step);
+};
+
 export const NumberComponent = React.memo((props: NumberComponentProps) => {
   const {
     fullAccessPath,
@@ -169,7 +218,8 @@ export const NumberComponent = React.memo((props: NumberComponentProps) => {
   } = props;
 
   // Create a state for the cursor position
-  const [cursorPosition, setCursorPosition] = useState<number | null>(null);
+  const cursorPositionRef = useRef<number | null>(null);
+
   // Create a state for the input string
   const [inputString, setInputString] = useState(value.toString());
   const renderCount = useRenderCount();
@@ -177,41 +227,42 @@ export const NumberComponent = React.memo((props: NumberComponentProps) => {
   const handleKeyDown = (event: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
     const { key, target } = event;
 
-    // Typecast
     const inputTarget = target as HTMLInputElement;
-    if (
-      key === "F1" ||
-      key === "F5" ||
-      key === "F12" ||
-      key === "Tab" ||
-      key === "ArrowRight" ||
-      key === "ArrowLeft"
-    ) {
-      return;
-    }
-    event.preventDefault();
 
     // Get the current input value and cursor position
     const { value } = inputTarget;
+    const valueLength = value.length;
     const selectionEnd = inputTarget.selectionEnd ?? 0;
     let selectionStart = inputTarget.selectionStart ?? 0;
 
+    if (key === "F1" || key === "F5" || key === "F12" || key === "Tab") {
+      return;
+    } else if (key === "ArrowLeft" || key === "ArrowRight") {
+      const hasSelection = selectionEnd > selectionStart;
+
+      if (hasSelection && !event.shiftKey) {
+        // Collapse selection: ArrowLeft -> start, ArrowRight -> end
+        const collapseTo = key === "ArrowLeft" ? selectionStart : selectionEnd;
+        cursorPositionRef.current = collapseTo;
+      } else {
+        // No selection or shift key is pressed, just move cursor by one
+        const newSelectionStart =
+          key === "ArrowLeft"
+            ? getCursorLeftPosition(selectionStart, 1)
+            : getCursorRightPosition(selectionEnd, 1, valueLength);
+
+        cursorPositionRef.current = newSelectionStart;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    event.preventDefault();
+
     let newValue: string = value;
     if (event.ctrlKey && key === "a") {
       // Select everything when pressing Ctrl + a
       inputTarget.setSelectionRange(0, value.length);
       return;
-    } else if (key === "-") {
-      if (selectionStart === 0 && !value.startsWith("-")) {
-        newValue = "-" + value;
-        selectionStart++;
-      } else if (value.startsWith("-") && selectionStart === 1) {
-        newValue = value.substring(1); // remove minus sign
-        selectionStart--;
-      } else {
-        return; // Ignore "-" pressed in other positions
-      }
-    } else if (key >= "0" && key <= "9") {
+    } else if ((key >= "0" && key <= "9") || key === "-") {
       // Check if a number key or a decimal point key is pressed
       ({ value: newValue, selectionStart } = handleNumericKey(
         key,
@@ -305,7 +356,7 @@ export const NumberComponent = React.memo((props: NumberComponentProps) => {
     setInputString(newValue);
 
     // Save the current cursor position before the component re-renders
-    setCursorPosition(selectionStart);
+    cursorPositionRef.current = selectionStart;
   };
 
   const handleBlur = () => {
@@ -358,8 +409,11 @@ export const NumberComponent = React.memo((props: NumberComponentProps) => {
   useEffect(() => {
     // Set the cursor position after the component re-renders
     const inputElement = document.getElementsByName(id)[0] as HTMLInputElement;
-    if (inputElement && cursorPosition !== null) {
-      inputElement.setSelectionRange(cursorPosition, cursorPosition);
+    if (inputElement && cursorPositionRef.current !== null) {
+      inputElement.setSelectionRange(
+        cursorPositionRef.current,
+        cursorPositionRef.current,
+      );
     }
   });
 

frontend/src/components/TaskComponent.tsx

@@ -5,67 +5,51 @@ import { DocStringComponent } from "./DocStringComponent";
 import { LevelName } from "./NotificationsComponent";
 import useRenderCount from "../hooks/useRenderCount";
 
-interface AsyncMethodProps {
+export type TaskStatus = "RUNNING" | "NOT_RUNNING";
+
+interface TaskProps {
   fullAccessPath: string;
-  value: "RUNNING" | null;
   docString: string | null;
-  hideOutput?: boolean;
+  status: TaskStatus;
   addNotification: (message: string, levelname?: LevelName) => void;
   displayName: string;
   id: string;
-  render: boolean;
 }
 
-export const AsyncMethodComponent = React.memo((props: AsyncMethodProps) => {
-  const {
-    fullAccessPath,
-    docString,
-    value: runningTask,
-    addNotification,
-    displayName,
-    id,
-  } = props;
-
-  // Conditional rendering based on the 'render' prop.
-  if (!props.render) {
-    return null;
-  }
+export const TaskComponent = React.memo((props: TaskProps) => {
+  const { fullAccessPath, docString, status, addNotification, displayName, id } = props;
 
   const renderCount = useRenderCount();
   const formRef = useRef(null);
   const [spinning, setSpinning] = useState(false);
-  const name = fullAccessPath.split(".").at(-1)!;
-  const parentPath = fullAccessPath.slice(0, -(name.length + 1));
 
   useEffect(() => {
     let message: string;
 
-    if (runningTask === null) {
-      message = `${fullAccessPath} task was stopped.`;
-    } else {
+    if (status === "RUNNING") {
       message = `${fullAccessPath} was started.`;
+    } else {
+      message = `${fullAccessPath} was stopped.`;
     }
+
     addNotification(message);
     setSpinning(false);
-  }, [props.value]);
+  }, [status]);
 
   const execute = async (event: React.FormEvent) => {
     event.preventDefault();
-    let method_name: string;
 
-    if (runningTask !== undefined && runningTask !== null) {
-      method_name = `stop_${name}`;
-    } else {
-      method_name = `start_${name}`;
-    }
+    const method_name = status == "RUNNING" ? "stop" : "start";
 
-    const accessPath = [parentPath, method_name].filter((element) => element).join(".");
+    const accessPath = [fullAccessPath, method_name]
+      .filter((element) => element)
+      .join(".");
     setSpinning(true);
     runMethod(accessPath);
   };
 
   return (
-    <div className="component asyncMethodComponent" id={id}>
+    <div className="component taskComponent" id={id}>
       {process.env.NODE_ENV === "development" && <div>Render count: {renderCount}</div>}
       <Form onSubmit={execute} ref={formRef}>
         <InputGroup>
@@ -76,7 +60,7 @@ export const AsyncMethodComponent = React.memo((props: AsyncMethodProps) => {
           <Button id={`button-${id}`} type="submit">
             {spinning ? (
               <Spinner size="sm" role="status" aria-hidden="true" />
-            ) : runningTask === "RUNNING" ? (
+            ) : status === "RUNNING" ? (
               "Stop "
             ) : (
               "Start "
@@ -88,4 +72,4 @@ export const AsyncMethodComponent = React.memo((props: AsyncMethodProps) => {
   );
 });
 
-AsyncMethodComponent.displayName = "AsyncMethodComponent";
+TaskComponent.displayName = "TaskComponent";

frontend/src/socket.ts

@@ -2,14 +2,29 @@ import { io } from "socket.io-client";
 import { serializeDict, serializeList } from "./utils/serializationUtils";
 import { SerializedObject } from "./types/SerializedObject";
 
-export const hostname =
+const hostname =
   process.env.NODE_ENV === "development" ? `localhost` : window.location.hostname;
-export const port =
-  process.env.NODE_ENV === "development" ? 8001 : window.location.port;
-const URL = `ws://${hostname}:${port}/`;
-console.debug("Websocket: ", URL);
+const port = process.env.NODE_ENV === "development" ? 8001 : window.location.port;
 
-export const socket = io(URL, { path: "/ws/socket.io", transports: ["websocket"] });
+// Get the forwarded prefix from the global variable
+export const forwardedPrefix: string =
+  (window as any) /* eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+    .__FORWARDED_PREFIX__ || "";
+// Get the forwarded protocol type from the global variable
+export const forwardedProto: string =
+  (window as any) /* eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+    .__FORWARDED_PROTO__ || "http";
+
+export const authority = `${hostname}:${port}${forwardedPrefix}`;
+
+const wsProto = forwardedProto === "http" ? "ws" : "wss";
+
+const URL = `${wsProto}://${hostname}:${port}/`;
+console.debug("Websocket: ", URL);
+export const socket = io(URL, {
+  path: `${forwardedPrefix}/ws/socket.io`,
+  transports: ["websocket"],
+});
 
 export const updateValue = (
   serializedObject: SerializedObject,

frontend/src/types/SerializedObject.ts

@@ -77,7 +77,12 @@ type SerializedException = SerializedObjectBase & {
   type: "Exception";
 };
 
-type DataServiceTypes = "DataService" | "Image" | "NumberSlider" | "DeviceConnection";
+type DataServiceTypes =
+  | "DataService"
+  | "Image"
+  | "NumberSlider"
+  | "DeviceConnection"
+  | "Task";
 
 type SerializedDataService = SerializedObjectBase & {
   name: string;

mkdocs.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,20 @@ nav:
   - Getting Started: getting-started.md
   - User Guide:
     - Components Guide: user-guide/Components.md
-    - Interacting with pydase Services: user-guide/interaction/main.md
+    - Interaction:
+        - Overview: user-guide/interaction/README.md
+        - Auto-generated Frontend: user-guide/interaction/Auto-generated-Frontend.md
+        - RESTful API: user-guide/interaction/RESTful-API.md
+        - Python Client: user-guide/interaction/Python-Client.md
+    - Achieving Service Persistence: user-guide/Service_Persistence.md
+    - Understanding Tasks: user-guide/Tasks.md
+    - Understanding Units: user-guide/Understanding-Units.md
+    - Validating Property Setters: user-guide/Validating-Property-Setters.md
+    - Configuring pydase: user-guide/Configuration.md
+    - Logging in pydase: user-guide/Logging.md
+    - Advanced:
+        - Deploying behind a Reverse Proxy: user-guide/advanced/Reverse-Proxy.md
+        - Connecting through a SOCKS Proxy: user-guide/advanced/SOCKS-Proxy.md
   - Developer Guide: 
     - Developer Guide: dev-guide/README.md
     - API Reference: dev-guide/api.md
@@ -18,6 +31,7 @@ nav:
     - License: about/license.md
 
 theme: 
+  logo: images/logo-colour.png
   name: material
   features:
     - content.code.copy
@@ -40,10 +54,36 @@ markdown_extensions:
 
 
 plugins:
-  - include-markdown
-  - search
-  - mkdocstrings
-  - swagger-ui-tag
+- include-markdown
+- search
+- mkdocstrings:
+    handlers:
+      python:
+        paths: [src]  # search packages in the src folder
+        inventories:
+          - https://docs.python.org/3/objects.inv
+          - https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/objects.inv
+          - https://confz.readthedocs.io/en/latest/objects.inv
+          - https://python-socketio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/objects.inv
+        options:
+          show_source: true
+          inherited_members: true
+          merge_init_into_class: true
+          show_signature_annotations: true
+          signature_crossrefs: true
+          separate_signature: true
+          docstring_options:
+            ignore_init_summary: true
+          # docstring_section_style: list
+          heading_level: 2
+          parameter_headings: true
+          show_root_heading: true
+          show_root_full_path: true
+          show_symbol_type_heading: true
+          show_symbol_type_toc: true
+          # summary: true
+          unwrap_annotated: true
+- swagger-ui-tag
 
 watch:
   - src/pydase

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,50 +1,56 @@
-[tool.poetry]
+[project]
 name = "pydase"
-version = "0.8.5"
+version = "0.10.13"
 description = "A flexible and robust Python library for creating, managing, and interacting with data services, with built-in support for web and RPC servers, and customizable features for diverse use cases."
-authors = ["Mose Mueller <mosmuell@ethz.ch>"]
+authors = [
+    {name = "Mose Müller",email = "mosemueller@gmail.com"}
+]
 readme = "README.md"
-packages = [{ include = "pydase", from = "src" }]
+requires-python = ">=3.10,<4.0"
+dependencies = [
+    "toml (>=0.10.2,<0.11.0)",
+    "python-socketio (>=5.13.0,<6.0.0)",
+    "confz (>=2.1.0,<3.0.0)",
+    "pint (>=0.24.4,<0.25.0)",
+    "websocket-client (>=1.8.0,<2.0.0)",
+    "aiohttp (>=3.11.18,<4.0.0)",
+    "click (>=8.2.0,<9.0.0)",
+    "aiohttp-middlewares (>=2.4.0,<3.0.0)",
+    "anyio (>=4.9.0,<5.0.0)"
+]
 
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+socks = ["aiohttp-socks (>=0.10.1,<0.11.0)"]
 
-[tool.poetry.dependencies]
-python = "^3.10"
-toml = "^0.10.2"
-python-socketio = "^5.8.0"
-confz = "^2.0.0"
-pint = "^0.24"
-websocket-client = "^1.7.0"
-aiohttp = "^3.9.3"
-click = "^8.1.7"
-aiohttp-middlewares = "^2.3.0"
+[tool.poetry]
+packages = [{include = "pydase", from = "src"}]
 
 [tool.poetry.group.dev]
 optional = true
 
 [tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
-types-toml = "^0.10.8.6"
-pytest = "^7.4.0"
-pytest-cov = "^4.1.0"
-mypy = "^1.4.1"
-matplotlib = "^3.7.2"
-pyright = "^1.1.323"
-pytest-mock = "^3.11.1"
-ruff = "^0.2.0"
-pytest-asyncio = "^0.23.2"
-requests = "^2.32.3"
+types-toml = "^0.10.8.20240310"
+pytest = "^8.3.5"
+pytest-cov = "^6.1.1"
+mypy = "^1.15.0"
+matplotlib = "^3.10.3"
+pyright = "^1.1.400"
+pytest-mock = "^3.14.0"
+ruff = "^0.11.10"
+pytest-asyncio = "^0.26.0"
 
 [tool.poetry.group.docs]
 optional = true
 
 [tool.poetry.group.docs.dependencies]
-mkdocs-material = "^9.5.30"
-mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin = "^3.9.1"
-mkdocstrings = "^0.22.0"
-pymdown-extensions = "^10.1"
-mkdocs-swagger-ui-tag = "^0.6.10"
+mkdocs-material = "^9.6.14"
+mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin = "^7.1.5"
+mkdocstrings = {extras = ["python"], version = "^0.29.1"}
+pymdown-extensions = "^10.15"
+mkdocs-swagger-ui-tag = "^0.7.1"
 
 [build-system]
-requires = ["poetry-core"]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=2.0.0,<3.0.0"]
 build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
 
 [tool.ruff]
@@ -86,6 +92,7 @@ select = [
 ignore = [
     "RUF006",  # asyncio-dangling-task
     "PERF203",  # try-except-in-loop
+    "ASYNC110", # async-busy-wait
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.mccabe]
@@ -104,3 +111,10 @@ disallow_incomplete_defs = true
 disallow_any_generics = true
 check_untyped_defs = true
 ignore_missing_imports = false
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope = "function"
+filterwarnings = [
+    # I don't controll the usage of the timeout
+    "ignore:parameter 'timeout' of type 'float' is deprecated, please use 'timeout=ClientWSTimeout"
+]

src/pydase/__init__.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from pydase.utils.logging import setup_logging
 setup_logging()
 
 __all__ = [
+    "Client",
     "DataService",
     "Server",
-    "Client",
 ]

src/pydase/client/client.py

@@ -1,15 +1,26 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
+import sys
 import threading
-from typing import TypedDict, cast
+import urllib.parse
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypedDict, cast
 
+import aiohttp
+import aiohttp_socks.connector
 import socketio  # type: ignore
 
-import pydase.components
-from pydase.client.proxy_loader import ProxyClassMixin, ProxyLoader
+from pydase.client.proxy_class import ProxyClass
+from pydase.client.proxy_loader import ProxyLoader
 from pydase.utils.serialization.deserializer import loads
 from pydase.utils.serialization.types import SerializedDataService, SerializedObject
 
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+else:
+    from typing import Self
+
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -24,124 +35,204 @@ class NotifyDict(TypedDict):
 
 def asyncio_loop_thread(loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
     asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
-    loop.run_forever()
-
-
-class ProxyClass(ProxyClassMixin, pydase.components.DeviceConnection):
-    """
-    A proxy class that serves as the interface for interacting with device connections
-    via a socket.io client in an asyncio environment.
-
-    Args:
-        sio_client (socketio.AsyncClient):
-            The socket.io client instance used for asynchronous communication with the
-            pydase service server.
-        loop (asyncio.AbstractEventLoop):
-            The event loop in which the client operations are managed and executed.
-
-    This class is used to create a proxy object that behaves like a local representation
-    of a remote pydase service, facilitating direct interaction as if it were local
-    while actually communicating over network protocols.
-    It can also be used as an attribute of a pydase service itself, e.g.
-
-        ```python
-        import pydase
-
-
-        class MyService(pydase.DataService):
-            proxy = pydase.Client(
-                hostname="...", port=8001, block_until_connected=False
-            ).proxy
-
-
-        if __name__ == "__main__":
-            service = MyService()
-            server = pydase.Server(service, web_port=8002).run()
-        ```
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self, sio_client: socketio.AsyncClient, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop
-    ) -> None:
-        super().__init__()
-        self._initialise(sio_client=sio_client, loop=loop)
+    try:
+        loop.run_forever()
+    finally:
+        loop.close()
 
 
 class Client:
-    """
-    A client for connecting to a remote pydase service using socket.io. This client
+    """A client for connecting to a remote pydase service using Socket.IO. This client
     handles asynchronous communication with a service, manages events such as
     connection, disconnection, and updates, and ensures that the proxy object is
     up-to-date with the server state.
 
-    Attributes:
-        proxy (ProxyClass):
-            A proxy object representing the remote service, facilitating interaction as
-            if it were local.
-
     Args:
-        hostname (str):
-            Hostname of the exposed service this client attempts to connect to.
-            Default is "localhost".
-        port (int):
-            Port of the exposed service this client attempts to connect on.
-            Default is 8001.
-        block_until_connected (bool):
-            If set to True, the constructor will block until the connection to the
-            service has been established. This is useful for ensuring the client is
-            ready to use immediately after instantiation. Default is True.
+        url: The URL of the pydase Socket.IO server. This should always contain the
+            protocol (e.g., `ws` or `wss`) and the hostname, and can optionally include
+            a path prefix (e.g., `ws://localhost:8001/service`).
+        block_until_connected: If set to True, the constructor will block until the
+            connection to the service has been established. This is useful for ensuring
+            the client is ready to use immediately after instantiation. Default is True.
+        sio_client_kwargs: Additional keyword arguments passed to the underlying
+            [`AsyncClient`][socketio.AsyncClient]. This allows fine-tuning of the
+            client's behaviour (e.g., reconnection attempts or reconnection delay).
+        client_id: An optional client identifier. This ID is sent to the server as the
+            `X-Client-Id` HTTP header. It can be used for logging or authentication
+            purposes on the server side.
+        proxy_url: An optional proxy URL to route the connection through. This is useful
+            if the service is only reachable via an SSH tunnel or behind a firewall
+            (e.g., `socks5://localhost:2222`).
+
+    Example:
+        Connect to a service directly:
+
+        ```python
+        client = pydase.Client(url="ws://localhost:8001")
+        ```
+
+        Connect over a secure connection:
+
+        ```python
+        client = pydase.Client(url="wss://my-service.example.com")
+        ```
+
+        Connect using a SOCKS5 proxy (e.g., through an SSH tunnel):
+
+        ```bash
+        ssh -D 2222 user@gateway.example.com
+        ```
+
+        ```python
+        client = pydase.Client(
+            url="ws://remote-server:8001",
+            proxy_url="socks5://localhost:2222"
+        )
+        ```
     """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        hostname: str,
-        port: int,
+        *,
+        url: str,
         block_until_connected: bool = True,
+        sio_client_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {},
+        client_id: str | None = None,
+        proxy_url: str | None = None,
     ):
-        self._hostname = hostname
-        self._port = port
-        self._sio = socketio.AsyncClient()
-        self._loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
-        self.proxy = ProxyClass(sio_client=self._sio, loop=self._loop)
-        self._thread = threading.Thread(
-            target=asyncio_loop_thread, args=(self._loop,), daemon=True
+        # Parse the URL to separate base URL and path prefix
+        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+
+        # Construct the base URL without the path
+        self._base_url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(
+            (parsed_url.scheme, parsed_url.netloc, "", "", "", "")
         )
-        self._thread.start()
+
+        # Store the path prefix (e.g., "/service" in "ws://localhost:8081/service")
+        self._path_prefix = parsed_url.path.rstrip("/")  # Remove trailing slash if any
+        self._url = url
+        self._proxy_url = proxy_url
+        self._client_id = client_id
+        self._sio_client_kwargs = sio_client_kwargs
+        self._loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None
+        self._thread: threading.Thread | None = None
+        self.proxy: ProxyClass
+        """A proxy object representing the remote service, facilitating interaction as
+        if it were local."""
+        self.connect(block_until_connected=block_until_connected)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.disconnect()
+
+    def connect(self, block_until_connected: bool = True) -> None:
+        if self._thread is None or self._loop is None:
+            self._loop = self._initialize_loop_and_thread()
+            self._initialize_socketio_client()
+            self.proxy = ProxyClass(
+                sio_client=self._sio,
+                loop=self._loop,
+                reconnect=self.connect,
+            )
+
         connection_future = asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
             self._connect(), self._loop
         )
         if block_until_connected:
             connection_future.result()
 
+    def _initialize_socketio_client(self) -> None:
+        if self._proxy_url is not None:
+            session = aiohttp.ClientSession(
+                connector=aiohttp_socks.connector.ProxyConnector.from_url(
+                    url=self._proxy_url, loop=self._loop
+                ),
+                loop=self._loop,
+            )
+            self._sio = socketio.AsyncClient(
+                http_session=session, **self._sio_client_kwargs
+            )
+        else:
+            self._sio = socketio.AsyncClient(**self._sio_client_kwargs)
+
+    def _initialize_loop_and_thread(self) -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop:
+        """Initialize a new asyncio event loop, start it in a background thread,
+        and create the ProxyClass instance bound to that loop.
+        """
+
+        loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        self._thread = threading.Thread(
+            target=asyncio_loop_thread,
+            args=(loop,),
+            daemon=True,
+        )
+        self._thread.start()
+
+        return loop
+
+    def disconnect(self) -> None:
+        if self._loop is not None and self._thread is not None:
+            connection_future = asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
+                self._disconnect(), self._loop
+            )
+            connection_future.result()
+
+            # Stop the event loop and thread
+            self._loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self._loop.stop)
+            self._thread.join()
+            self._thread = None
+
     async def _connect(self) -> None:
-        logger.debug("Connecting to server '%s:%s' ...", self._hostname, self._port)
+        logger.debug("Connecting to server '%s' ...", self._url)
         await self._setup_events()
+
+        headers = {}
+        if self._client_id is not None:
+            headers["X-Client-Id"] = self._client_id
+
         await self._sio.connect(
-            f"ws://{self._hostname}:{self._port}",
-            socketio_path="/ws/socket.io",
+            url=self._base_url,
+            headers=headers,
+            socketio_path=f"{self._path_prefix}/ws/socket.io",
             transports=["websocket"],
             retry=True,
         )
 
+    async def _disconnect(self) -> None:
+        await self._sio.disconnect()
+
     async def _setup_events(self) -> None:
         self._sio.on("connect", self._handle_connect)
         self._sio.on("disconnect", self._handle_disconnect)
         self._sio.on("notify", self._handle_update)
 
     async def _handle_connect(self) -> None:
-        logger.debug("Connected to '%s:%s' ...", self._hostname, self._port)
+        logger.debug("Connected to '%s' ...", self._url)
         serialized_object = cast(
-            SerializedDataService, await self._sio.call("service_serialization")
+            "SerializedDataService", await self._sio.call("service_serialization")
         )
         ProxyLoader.update_data_service_proxy(
             self.proxy, serialized_object=serialized_object
         )
         serialized_object["type"] = "DeviceConnection"
-        self.proxy._notify_changed("", loads(serialized_object))
+        if self.proxy._service_representation is not None:
+            # need to use object.__setattr__ to not trigger an observer notification
+            object.__setattr__(self.proxy, "_service_representation", serialized_object)
+
+            if TYPE_CHECKING:
+                self.proxy._service_representation = serialized_object  # type: ignore
+        self.proxy._notify_changed("", self.proxy)
         self.proxy._connected = True
 
     async def _handle_disconnect(self) -> None:
-        logger.debug("Disconnected from '%s:%s' ...", self._hostname, self._port)
+        logger.debug("Disconnected from '%s' ...", self._url)
         self.proxy._connected = False
 
     async def _handle_update(self, data: NotifyDict) -> None:

src/pydase/client/proxy_class.py

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import asyncio
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from copy import deepcopy
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
+
+import socketio  # type: ignore
+
+import pydase.components
+from pydase.client.proxy_loader import ProxyClassMixin
+from pydase.utils.helpers import get_attribute_doc
+from pydase.utils.serialization.types import SerializedDataService, SerializedObject
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ProxyClass(ProxyClassMixin, pydase.components.DeviceConnection):
+    """
+    A proxy class that serves as the interface for interacting with device connections
+    via a socket.io client in an asyncio environment.
+
+    Args:
+        sio_client:
+            The socket.io client instance used for asynchronous communication with the
+            pydase service server.
+        loop:
+            The event loop in which the client operations are managed and executed.
+        reconnect:
+            The method that is called periodically when the client is not connected.
+
+    This class is used to create a proxy object that behaves like a local representation
+    of a remote pydase service, facilitating direct interaction as if it were local
+    while actually communicating over network protocols.
+    It can also be used as an attribute of a pydase service itself, e.g.
+
+    ```python
+    import pydase
+
+
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        proxy = pydase.Client(
+            hostname="...", port=8001, block_until_connected=False
+        ).proxy
+
+
+    if __name__ == "__main__":
+        service = MyService()
+        server = pydase.Server(service, web_port=8002).run()
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sio_client: socketio.AsyncClient,
+        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop,
+        reconnect: Callable[..., None],
+    ) -> None:
+        if TYPE_CHECKING:
+            self._service_representation: None | SerializedObject = None
+
+        super().__init__()
+        pydase.components.DeviceConnection.__init__(self)
+        self._initialise(sio_client=sio_client, loop=loop)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "_service_representation", None)
+        self.reconnect = reconnect
+
+    def serialize(self) -> SerializedObject:
+        if self._service_representation is None:
+            serialization_future = cast(
+                "asyncio.Future[SerializedDataService]",
+                asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
+                    self._sio.call("service_serialization"), self._loop
+                ),
+            )
+            # need to use object.__setattr__ to not trigger an observer notification
+            object.__setattr__(
+                self, "_service_representation", serialization_future.result()
+            )
+            if TYPE_CHECKING:
+                self._service_representation = serialization_future.result()
+
+        device_connection_value = cast(
+            "dict[str, SerializedObject]",
+            pydase.components.DeviceConnection().serialize()["value"],
+        )
+
+        readonly = False
+        doc = get_attribute_doc(self)
+        obj_name = self.__class__.__name__
+
+        value = {
+            **cast(
+                "dict[str, SerializedObject]",
+                # need to deepcopy to not overwrite the _service_representation dict
+                # when adding a prefix with add_prefix_to_full_access_path
+                deepcopy(self._service_representation["value"]),
+            ),
+            **device_connection_value,
+        }
+
+        return {
+            "full_access_path": "",
+            "name": obj_name,
+            "type": "DeviceConnection",
+            "value": value,
+            "readonly": readonly,
+            "doc": doc,
+        }
+
+    def connect(self) -> None:
+        if not self._sio.reconnection or self._sio.reconnection_attempts > 0:
+            self.reconnect(block_until_connected=False)

src/pydase/client/proxy_loader.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
 from collections.abc import Iterable
-from copy import copy
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
 
 import socketio  # type: ignore
@@ -124,35 +123,35 @@ class ProxyList(list[Any]):
 
         update_value(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, value)
 
-    def append(self, __object: Any) -> None:
+    def append(self, object_: Any, /) -> None:
         full_access_path = f"{self._parent_path}.append"
 
-        trigger_method(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, [__object], {})
+        trigger_method(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, [object_], {})
 
     def clear(self) -> None:
         full_access_path = f"{self._parent_path}.clear"
 
         trigger_method(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, [], {})
 
-    def extend(self, __iterable: Iterable[Any]) -> None:
+    def extend(self, iterable: Iterable[Any], /) -> None:
         full_access_path = f"{self._parent_path}.extend"
 
-        trigger_method(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, [__iterable], {})
+        trigger_method(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, [iterable], {})
 
-    def insert(self, __index: SupportsIndex, __object: Any) -> None:
+    def insert(self, index: SupportsIndex, object_: Any, /) -> None:
         full_access_path = f"{self._parent_path}.insert"
 
-        trigger_method(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, [__index, __object], {})
+        trigger_method(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, [index, object_], {})
 
-    def pop(self, __index: SupportsIndex = -1) -> Any:
+    def pop(self, index: SupportsIndex = -1, /) -> Any:
         full_access_path = f"{self._parent_path}.pop"
 
-        return trigger_method(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, [__index], {})
+        return trigger_method(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, [index], {})
 
-    def remove(self, __value: Any) -> None:
+    def remove(self, value: Any, /) -> None:
         full_access_path = f"{self._parent_path}.remove"
 
-        trigger_method(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, [__value], {})
+        trigger_method(self._sio, self._loop, full_access_path, [value], {})
 
 
 class ProxyClassMixin:
@@ -202,25 +201,8 @@ class ProxyClassMixin:
     def _handle_serialized_method(
         self, attr_name: str, serialized_object: SerializedObject
     ) -> None:
-        def add_prefix_to_last_path_element(s: str, prefix: str) -> str:
-            parts = s.split(".")
-            parts[-1] = f"{prefix}_{parts[-1]}"
-            return ".".join(parts)
-
         if serialized_object["type"] == "method":
-            if serialized_object["async"] is True:
-                start_method = copy(serialized_object)
-                start_method["full_access_path"] = add_prefix_to_last_path_element(
-                    start_method["full_access_path"], "start"
-                )
-                stop_method = copy(serialized_object)
-                stop_method["full_access_path"] = add_prefix_to_last_path_element(
-                    stop_method["full_access_path"], "stop"
-                )
-                self._add_method_proxy(f"start_{attr_name}", start_method)
-                self._add_method_proxy(f"stop_{attr_name}", stop_method)
-            else:
-                self._add_method_proxy(attr_name, serialized_object)
+            self._add_method_proxy(attr_name, serialized_object)
 
     def _add_method_proxy(
         self, attr_name: str, serialized_object: SerializedObject
@@ -284,7 +266,7 @@ class ProxyLoader:
         return ProxyList(
             [
                 ProxyLoader.loads_proxy(item, sio_client, loop)
-                for item in cast(list[SerializedObject], serialized_object["value"])
+                for item in cast("list[SerializedObject]", serialized_object["value"])
             ],
             parent_path=serialized_object["full_access_path"],
             sio_client=sio_client,
@@ -301,7 +283,7 @@ class ProxyLoader:
             {
                 key: ProxyLoader.loads_proxy(value, sio_client, loop)
                 for key, value in cast(
-                    dict[str, SerializedObject], serialized_object["value"]
+                    "dict[str, SerializedObject]", serialized_object["value"]
                 ).items()
             },
             parent_path=serialized_object["full_access_path"],
@@ -318,7 +300,7 @@ class ProxyLoader:
         proxy_class._proxy_setters.clear()
         proxy_class._proxy_methods.clear()
         for key, value in cast(
-            dict[str, SerializedObject], serialized_object["value"]
+            "dict[str, SerializedObject]", serialized_object["value"]
         ).items():
             type_handler: dict[str | None, None | Callable[..., Any]] = {
                 None: None,
@@ -351,7 +333,7 @@ class ProxyLoader:
     ) -> Any:
         # Custom types like Components or DataService classes
         component_class = cast(
-            type, Deserializer.get_component_class(serialized_object["type"])
+            "type", Deserializer.get_service_base_class(serialized_object["type"])
         )
         class_bases = (
             ProxyClassMixin,

src/pydase/components/__init__.py

@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ from pydase.components.image import Image
 from pydase.components.number_slider import NumberSlider
 
 __all__ = [
-    "NumberSlider",
-    "Image",
     "ColouredEnum",
     "DeviceConnection",
+    "Image",
+    "NumberSlider",
 ]

src/pydase/components/coloured_enum.py

@@ -7,58 +7,59 @@ class ColouredEnum(Enum):
 
     This class extends the standard Enum but requires its values to be valid CSS
     colour codes. Supported colour formats include:
-        - Hexadecimal colours
-        - Hexadecimal colours with transparency
-        - RGB colours
-        - RGBA colours
-        - HSL colours
-        - HSLA colours
-        - Predefined/Cross-browser colour names
+
+    - Hexadecimal colours
+    - Hexadecimal colours with transparency
+    - RGB colours
+    - RGBA colours
+    - HSL colours
+    - HSLA colours
+    - Predefined/Cross-browser colour names
+
     Refer to the this website for more details on colour formats:
     (https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css_colours_legal.php)
 
     The behavior of this component in the UI depends on how it's defined in the data
     service:
-        - As property with a setter or as attribute: Renders as a dropdown menu,
-            allowing users to select and change its value from the frontend.
-        - As property without a setter: Displays as a coloured box with the key of the
-            `ColouredEnum` as text inside, serving as a visual indicator without user
-            interaction.
+
+    - As property with a setter or as attribute: Renders as a dropdown menu, allowing
+    users to select and change its value from the frontend.
+    - As property without a setter: Displays as a coloured box with the key of the
+    `ColouredEnum` as text inside, serving as a visual indicator without user
+    interaction.
 
     Example:
-    --------
-    ```python
-    import pydase.components as pyc
-    import pydase
+        ```python
+        import pydase.components as pyc
+        import pydase
 
-    class MyStatus(pyc.ColouredEnum):
-        PENDING = "#FFA500"  # Orange
-        RUNNING = "#0000FF80"  # Transparent Blue
-        PAUSED = "rgb(169, 169, 169)"  # Dark Gray
-        RETRYING = "rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.3)"  # Transparent Yellow
-        COMPLETED = "hsl(120, 100%, 50%)"  # Green
-        FAILED = "hsla(0, 100%, 50%, 0.7)"  # Transparent Red
-        CANCELLED = "SlateGray"  # Slate Gray
+        class MyStatus(pyc.ColouredEnum):
+            PENDING = "#FFA500"  # Orange
+            RUNNING = "#0000FF80"  # Transparent Blue
+            PAUSED = "rgb(169, 169, 169)"  # Dark Gray
+            RETRYING = "rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.3)"  # Transparent Yellow
+            COMPLETED = "hsl(120, 100%, 50%)"  # Green
+            FAILED = "hsla(0, 100%, 50%, 0.7)"  # Transparent Red
+            CANCELLED = "SlateGray"  # Slate Gray
 
-    class StatusExample(pydase.DataService):
-        _status = MyStatus.RUNNING
+        class StatusExample(pydase.DataService):
+            _status = MyStatus.RUNNING
 
-        @property
-        def status(self) -> MyStatus:
-            return self._status
+            @property
+            def status(self) -> MyStatus:
+                return self._status
 
-        @status.setter
-        def status(self, value: MyStatus) -> None:
-            # Custom logic here...
-            self._status = value
+            @status.setter
+            def status(self, value: MyStatus) -> None:
+                # Custom logic here...
+                self._status = value
 
-    # Example usage:
-    my_service = StatusExample()
-    my_service.status = MyStatus.FAILED
-    ```
+        # Example usage:
+        my_service = StatusExample()
+        my_service.status = MyStatus.FAILED
+        ```
 
-    Note
-    ----
-    Each enumeration name and value must be unique. This means that you should use
-    different colour formats when you want to use a colour multiple times.
+    Note:
+        Each enumeration name and value must be unique. This means that you should use
+        different colour formats when you want to use a colour multiple times.
     """

src/pydase/components/device_connection.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
 
 import pydase.data_service
+import pydase.task.decorator
 
 
 class DeviceConnection(pydase.data_service.DataService):
@@ -19,22 +20,26 @@ class DeviceConnection(pydase.data_service.DataService):
     to the device. This method should update the `self._connected` attribute to reflect
     the connection status:
 
-    >>> class MyDeviceConnection(DeviceConnection):
-    ...     def connect(self) -> None:
-    ...         # Implementation to connect to the device
-    ...         # Update self._connected to `True` if connection is successful,
-    ...         # `False` otherwise
-    ...         ...
+    ```python
+    class MyDeviceConnection(DeviceConnection):
+        def connect(self) -> None:
+            # Implementation to connect to the device
+            # Update self._connected to `True` if connection is successful,
+            # `False` otherwise
+            ...
+    ```
 
     Optionally, if additional logic is needed to determine the connection status,
     the `connected` property can also be overridden:
 
-    >>> class MyDeviceConnection(DeviceConnection):
-    ...     @property
-    ...     def connected(self) -> bool:
-    ...         # Custom logic to determine connection status
-    ...         return some_custom_condition
-    ...
+    ```python
+    class MyDeviceConnection(DeviceConnection):
+        @property
+        def connected(self) -> bool:
+            # Custom logic to determine connection status
+            return some_custom_condition
+
+    ```
 
     Frontend Representation
     -----------------------
@@ -48,7 +53,6 @@ class DeviceConnection(pydase.data_service.DataService):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self._connected = False
-        self._autostart_tasks["_handle_connection"] = ()  # type: ignore
         self._reconnection_wait_time = 10.0
 
     def connect(self) -> None:
@@ -66,6 +70,7 @@ class DeviceConnection(pydase.data_service.DataService):
         """
         return self._connected
 
+    @pydase.task.decorator.task(autostart=True)
     async def _handle_connection(self) -> None:
         """Automatically tries reconnecting to the device if it is not connected.
         This method leverages the `connect` method and the `connected` property to

src/pydase/components/number_slider.py

@@ -11,84 +11,82 @@ class NumberSlider(DataService):
     This class models a UI slider for a data service, allowing for adjustments of a
     parameter within a specified range and increments.
 
-    Parameters:
-    -----------
-    value (float, optional):
-        The initial value of the slider. Defaults to 0.
-    min (float, optional):
-        The minimum value of the slider. Defaults to 0.
-    max (float, optional):
-        The maximum value of the slider. Defaults to 100.
-    step_size (float, optional):
-        The increment/decrement step size of the slider. Defaults to 1.0.
+    Args:
+        value:
+            The initial value of the slider. Defaults to 0.0.
+        min_:
+            The minimum value of the slider. Defaults to 0.0.
+        max_:
+            The maximum value of the slider. Defaults to 100.0.
+        step_size:
+            The increment/decrement step size of the slider. Defaults to 1.0.
 
     Example:
-    --------
-    ```python
-    class MySlider(pydase.components.NumberSlider):
-        def __init__(
-            self,
-            value: float = 0.0,
-            min_: float = 0.0,
-            max_: float = 100.0,
-            step_size: float = 1.0,
-        ) -> None:
-            super().__init__(value, min_, max_, step_size)
+        ```python
+        class MySlider(pydase.components.NumberSlider):
+            def __init__(
+                self,
+                value: float = 0.0,
+                min_: float = 0.0,
+                max_: float = 100.0,
+                step_size: float = 1.0,
+            ) -> None:
+                super().__init__(value, min_, max_, step_size)
 
-        @property
-        def min(self) -> float:
-            return self._min
+            @property
+            def min(self) -> float:
+                return self._min
 
-        @min.setter
-        def min(self, value: float) -> None:
-            self._min = value
+            @min.setter
+            def min(self, value: float) -> None:
+                self._min = value
 
-        @property
-        def max(self) -> float:
-            return self._max
+            @property
+            def max(self) -> float:
+                return self._max
 
-        @max.setter
-        def max(self, value: float) -> None:
-            self._max = value
+            @max.setter
+            def max(self, value: float) -> None:
+                self._max = value
 
-        @property
-        def step_size(self) -> float:
-            return self._step_size
+            @property
+            def step_size(self) -> float:
+                return self._step_size
 
-        @step_size.setter
-        def step_size(self, value: float) -> None:
-            self._step_size = value
+            @step_size.setter
+            def step_size(self, value: float) -> None:
+                self._step_size = value
 
-        @property
-        def value(self) -> float:
-            return self._value
+            @property
+            def value(self) -> float:
+                return self._value
 
-        @value.setter
-        def value(self, value: float) -> None:
-            if value < self._min or value > self._max:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Value is either below allowed min or above max value."
-                )
+            @value.setter
+            def value(self, value: float) -> None:
+                if value < self._min or value > self._max:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Value is either below allowed min or above max value."
+                    )
 
-            self._value = value
+                self._value = value
 
-    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
-        def __init__(self) -> None:
-            self.voltage = MyService()
+        class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+            def __init__(self) -> None:
+                self.voltage = MyService()
 
-    # Modifying or accessing the voltage value:
-    my_service = MyService()
-    my_service.voltage.value = 5
-    print(my_service.voltage.value)  # Output: 5
-    ```
+        # Modifying or accessing the voltage value:
+        my_service = MyService()
+        my_service.voltage.value = 5
+        print(my_service.voltage.value)  # Output: 5
+        ```
     """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         value: Any = 0.0,
-        min_: float = 0.0,
-        max_: float = 100.0,
-        step_size: float = 1.0,
+        min_: Any = 0.0,
+        max_: Any = 100.0,
+        step_size: Any = 1.0,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self._step_size = step_size
@@ -97,17 +95,17 @@ class NumberSlider(DataService):
         self._max = max_
 
     @property
-    def min(self) -> float:
+    def min(self) -> Any:
         """The min property."""
         return self._min
 
     @property
-    def max(self) -> float:
+    def max(self) -> Any:
         """The min property."""
         return self._max
 
     @property
-    def step_size(self) -> float:
+    def step_size(self) -> Any:
         """The min property."""
         return self._step_size
 

src/pydase/config.py

@@ -5,19 +5,31 @@ from confz import BaseConfig, EnvSource
 
 
 class OperationMode(BaseConfig):  # type: ignore[misc]
-    environment: Literal["development", "production"] = "development"
+    environment: Literal["testing", "development", "production"] = "development"
+    """The service's operation mode."""
 
     CONFIG_SOURCES = EnvSource(allow=["ENVIRONMENT"])
 
 
 class ServiceConfig(BaseConfig):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """Service configuration.
+
+    Variables can be set through environment variables prefixed with `SERVICE_` or an
+    `.env` file containing those variables.
+    """
+
     config_dir: Path = Path("config")
+    """Configuration directory"""
     web_port: int = 8001
+    """Web server port"""
 
     CONFIG_SOURCES = EnvSource(allow_all=True, prefix="SERVICE_", file=".env")
 
 
 class WebServerConfig(BaseConfig):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """The service's web server configuration."""
+
     generate_web_settings: bool = False
+    """Should generate web_settings.json file"""
 
     CONFIG_SOURCES = EnvSource(allow=["GENERATE_WEB_SETTINGS"])

src/pydase/data_service/abstract_data_service.py

@@ -1,15 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
-
 from pydase.observer_pattern.observable.observable import Observable
 
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from pydase.data_service.data_service import DataService
-    from pydase.data_service.task_manager import TaskManager
-
 
 class AbstractDataService(Observable):
-    __root__: DataService
-    _task_manager: TaskManager
-    _autostart_tasks: dict[str, tuple[Any]]
+    pass

src/pydase/data_service/data_service.py

@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
 import inspect
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any
 
 import pydase.units as u
 from pydase.data_service.abstract_data_service import AbstractDataService
-from pydase.data_service.task_manager import TaskManager
 from pydase.observer_pattern.observable.observable import (
     Observable,
 )
 from pydase.utils.helpers import (
     get_class_and_instance_attributes,
+    is_descriptor,
     is_property_attribute,
 )
 from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import (
-    SerializedObject,
     Serializer,
 )
+from pydase.utils.serialization.types import SerializedObject
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -24,24 +25,19 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class DataService(AbstractDataService):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         super().__init__()
-        self._task_manager = TaskManager(self)
-
-        if not hasattr(self, "_autostart_tasks"):
-            self._autostart_tasks = {}
-
         self.__check_instance_classes()
 
-    def __setattr__(self, __name: str, __value: Any) -> None:
+    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any, /) -> None:
         # Check and warn for unexpected type changes in attributes
-        self._warn_on_type_change(__name, __value)
+        self._warn_on_type_change(name, value)
 
         # every class defined by the user should inherit from DataService if it is
         # assigned to a public attribute
-        if not __name.startswith("_") and not inspect.isfunction(__value):
-            self.__warn_if_not_observable(__value)
+        if not name.startswith("_") and not inspect.isfunction(value):
+            self.__warn_if_not_observable(value)
 
         # Set the attribute
-        super().__setattr__(__name, __value)
+        super().__setattr__(name, value)
 
     def _warn_on_type_change(self, attr_name: str, new_value: Any) -> None:
         if is_property_attribute(self, attr_name):
@@ -60,21 +56,30 @@ class DataService(AbstractDataService):
 
     def _is_unexpected_type_change(self, current_value: Any, new_value: Any) -> bool:
         return (
-            isinstance(current_value, float)
-            and not isinstance(new_value, float)
-            or (
-                isinstance(current_value, u.Quantity)
-                and not isinstance(new_value, u.Quantity)
-            )
+            isinstance(current_value, float) and not isinstance(new_value, float)
+        ) or (
+            isinstance(current_value, u.Quantity)
+            and not isinstance(new_value, u.Quantity)
         )
 
-    def __warn_if_not_observable(self, __value: Any) -> None:
-        value_class = __value if inspect.isclass(__value) else __value.__class__
+    def __warn_if_not_observable(self, value: Any, /) -> None:
+        value_class = value if inspect.isclass(value) else value.__class__
 
         if not issubclass(
             value_class,
-            (int | float | bool | str | list | dict | Enum | u.Quantity | Observable),
-        ):
+            (
+                int
+                | float
+                | bool
+                | str
+                | list
+                | dict
+                | Enum
+                | u.Quantity
+                | Observable
+                | Callable
+            ),
+        ) and not is_descriptor(value):
             logger.warning(
                 "Class '%s' does not inherit from DataService. This may lead to"
                 " unexpected behaviour!",

src/pydase/data_service/data_service_cache.py

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ import logging
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
 
 from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import (
-    SerializedObject,
     get_nested_dict_by_path,
     set_nested_value_by_path,
 )
+from pydase.utils.serialization.types import SerializedObject
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from pydase import DataService
@@ -14,6 +14,22 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class DataServiceCache:
+    """Maintains a serialized cache of the current state of a DataService instance.
+
+    This class is responsible for storing and updating a representation of the service's
+    public attributes and properties. It is primarily used by the StateManager and the
+    web server to serve consistent state to clients without accessing the DataService
+    attributes directly.
+
+    The cache is initialized once upon construction by serializing the full state of
+    the service. After that, it can be incrementally updated using attribute paths and
+    values as notified by the
+    [`DataServiceObserver`][pydase.data_service.data_service_observer.DataServiceObserver].
+
+    Args:
+        service: The DataService instance whose state should be cached.
+    """
+
     def __init__(self, service: "DataService") -> None:
         self._cache: SerializedObject
         self.service = service
@@ -30,13 +46,13 @@ class DataServiceCache:
 
     def update_cache(self, full_access_path: str, value: Any) -> None:
         set_nested_value_by_path(
-            cast(dict[str, SerializedObject], self._cache["value"]),
+            cast("dict[str, SerializedObject]", self._cache["value"]),
             full_access_path,
             value,
         )
 
     def get_value_dict_from_cache(self, full_access_path: str) -> SerializedObject:
         return get_nested_dict_by_path(
-            cast(dict[str, SerializedObject], self._cache["value"]),
+            cast("dict[str, SerializedObject]", self._cache["value"]),
             full_access_path,
         )

src/pydase/data_service/data_service_observer.py

@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@ from pydase.observer_pattern.observable.observable_object import ObservableObjec
 from pydase.observer_pattern.observer.property_observer import (
     PropertyObserver,
 )
-from pydase.utils.helpers import get_object_attr_from_path
+from pydase.utils.helpers import (
+    get_object_attr_from_path,
+)
 from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import (
     SerializationPathError,
-    SerializedObject,
     dump,
 )
+from pydase.utils.serialization.types import SerializedObject
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ class DataServiceObserver(PropertyObserver):
         cached_value = cached_value_dict.get("value")
         if (
             all(part[0] != "_" for part in full_access_path.split("."))
-            and cached_value != value
+            and cached_value != dump(value)["value"]
         ):
             logger.debug("'%s' changed to '%s'", full_access_path, value)
 
@@ -124,8 +126,10 @@ class DataServiceObserver(PropertyObserver):
         object.
 
         Args:
-            callback (Callable[[str, Any, dict[str, Any]]): The callback function to be
-            registered. The function should have the following signature:
+            callback:
+                The callback function to be registered. The function should have the
+                following signature:
+
                 - full_access_path (str): The full dot-notation access path of the
                   changed attribute. This path indicates the location of the changed
                   attribute within the observable object's structure.

src/pydase/data_service/state_manager.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import asyncio
 import contextlib
 import json
 import logging
@@ -16,11 +17,11 @@ from pydase.utils.helpers import (
 from pydase.utils.serialization.deserializer import loads
 from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import (
     SerializationPathError,
-    SerializedObject,
     generate_serialized_data_paths,
     get_nested_dict_by_path,
     serialized_dict_is_nested_object,
 )
+from pydase.utils.serialization.types import SerializedObject
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from pydase import DataService
@@ -33,17 +34,19 @@ def load_state(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
     the value should be loaded from the JSON file.
 
     Example:
-    >>>     class Service(pydase.DataService):
-    ...         _name = "Service"
-    ...
-    ...         @property
-    ...         def name(self) -> str:
-    ...             return self._name
-    ...
-    ...         @name.setter
-    ...         @load_state
-    ...         def name(self, value: str) -> None:
-    ...             self._name = value
+        ```python
+        class Service(pydase.DataService):
+            _name = "Service"
+
+            @property
+            def name(self) -> str:
+                return self._name
+
+            @name.setter
+            @load_state
+            def name(self, value: str) -> None:
+                self._name = value
+        ```
     """
 
     func._load_state = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
@@ -64,45 +67,41 @@ def has_load_state_decorator(prop: property) -> bool:
 class StateManager:
     """
     Manages the state of a DataService instance, serving as both a cache and a
-    persistence layer. It is designed to provide quick access to the latest known state
-    for newly connecting web clients without the need for expensive property accesses
-    that may involve complex calculations or I/O operations.
+    persistence layer. It provides fast access to the most recently known state of the
+    service and ensures consistent state updates across connected clients and service
+    restarts.
 
-    The StateManager listens for state change notifications from the DataService's
-    callback manager and updates its cache accordingly. This cache does not always
-    reflect the most current complex property states but rather retains the value from
-    the last known state, optimizing for performance and reducing the load on the
-    system.
+    The StateManager is used by the web server to apply updates to service attributes
+    and to serve the current state to newly connected clients. Internally, it creates a
+    [`DataServiceCache`][pydase.data_service.data_service_cache.DataServiceCache]
+    instance to track the state of public attributes and properties.
 
-    While the StateManager ensures that the cached state is as up-to-date as possible,
-    it does not autonomously update complex properties of the DataService. Such
-    properties must be updated programmatically, for instance, by invoking specific
-    tasks or methods that trigger the necessary operations to refresh their state.
+    The StateManager also handles state persistence: it can load a previously saved
+    state from disk at startup and periodically autosave the current state to a file
+    during runtime.
 
-    The cached state maintained by the StateManager is particularly useful for web
-    clients that connect to the system and need immediate access to the current state of
-    the DataService. By avoiding direct and potentially costly property accesses, the
-    StateManager provides a snapshot of the DataService's state that is sufficiently
-    accurate for initial rendering and interaction.
-
-    Attributes:
-        cache (dict[str, Any]):
-            A dictionary cache of the DataService's state.
-        filename (str):
-            The file name used for storing the DataService's state.
-        service (DataService):
-            The DataService instance whose state is being managed.
+    Args:
+        service: The DataService instance whose state is being managed.
+        filename: The file name used for loading and storing the DataService's state.
+            If provided, the state is loaded from this file at startup and saved to it
+            on shutdown or at regular intervals.
+        autosave_interval: Interval in seconds between automatic state save events.
+            If set to `None`, automatic saving is disabled.
 
     Note:
-        The StateManager's cache updates are triggered by notifications and do not
-        include autonomous updates of complex DataService properties, which must be
-        managed programmatically. The cache serves the purpose of providing immediate
-        state information to web clients, reflecting the state after the last property
-        update.
+        The StateManager does not autonomously poll hardware state. It relies on the
+        service to perform such updates. The cache maintained by
+        [`DataServiceCache`][pydase.data_service.data_service_cache.DataServiceCache]
+        reflects the last known state as notified by the `DataServiceObserver`, and is
+        used by the web interface to provide fast and accurate state rendering for
+        connected clients.
     """
 
     def __init__(
-        self, service: "DataService", filename: str | Path | None = None
+        self,
+        service: "DataService",
+        filename: str | Path | None = None,
+        autosave_interval: float | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.filename = getattr(service, "_filename", None)
 
@@ -115,30 +114,51 @@ class StateManager:
 
         self.service = service
         self.cache_manager = DataServiceCache(self.service)
+        self.autosave_interval = autosave_interval
+
+    async def autosave(self) -> None:
+        """Periodically saves the current service state to the configured file.
+
+        This coroutine is automatically started by the [`pydase.Server`][pydase.Server]
+        when a filename is provided. It runs in the background and writes the latest
+        known state of the service to disk every `autosave_interval` seconds.
+
+        If `autosave_interval` is set to `None`, autosaving is disabled and this
+        coroutine exits immediately.
+        """
+
+        if self.autosave_interval is None:
+            return
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                if self.filename is not None:
+                    self.save_state()
+                await asyncio.sleep(self.autosave_interval)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.exception(e)
 
     @property
     def cache_value(self) -> dict[str, SerializedObject]:
         """Returns the "value" value of the DataService serialization."""
-        return cast(dict[str, SerializedObject], self.cache_manager.cache["value"])
+        return cast("dict[str, SerializedObject]", self.cache_manager.cache["value"])
 
     def save_state(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Saves the DataService's current state to a JSON file defined by `self.filename`.
-        Logs an error if `self.filename` is not set.
+        """Saves the DataService's current state to a JSON file defined by
+        `self.filename`.
         """
 
         if self.filename is not None:
             with open(self.filename, "w") as f:
                 json.dump(self.cache_value, f, indent=4)
         else:
-            logger.info(
+            logger.debug(
                 "State manager was not initialised with a filename. Skipping "
                 "'save_state'..."
             )
 
     def load_state(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Loads the DataService's state from a JSON file defined by `self.filename`.
+        """Loads the DataService's state from a JSON file defined by `self.filename`.
         Updates the service's attributes, respecting type and read-only constraints.
         """
 
@@ -183,7 +203,7 @@ class StateManager:
             with open(self.filename) as f:
                 # Load JSON data from file and update class attributes with these
                 # values
-                return cast(dict[str, Any], json.load(f))
+                return cast("dict[str, Any]", json.load(f))
         return {}
 
     def set_service_attribute_value_by_path(
@@ -191,8 +211,7 @@ class StateManager:
         path: str,
         serialized_value: SerializedObject,
     ) -> None:
-        """
-        Sets the value of an attribute in the service managed by the `StateManager`
+        """Sets the value of an attribute in the service managed by the `StateManager`
         given its path as a dot-separated string.
 
         This method updates the attribute specified by 'path' with 'value' only if the
@@ -200,9 +219,11 @@ class StateManager:
         It also handles type-specific conversions for the new value before setting it.
 
         Args:
-            path: A dot-separated string indicating the hierarchical path to the
+            path:
+                A dot-separated string indicating the hierarchical path to the
                 attribute.
-            value: The new value to set for the attribute.
+            serialized_value:
+                The serialized representation of the new value to set for the attribute.
         """
 
         try:

src/pydase/data_service/task_manager.py

@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import asyncio
-import inspect
-import logging
-from enum import Enum
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
-
-from pydase.data_service.abstract_data_service import AbstractDataService
-from pydase.utils.helpers import (
-    function_has_arguments,
-    get_class_and_instance_attributes,
-    is_property_attribute,
-)
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-
-    from .data_service import DataService
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class TaskStatus(Enum):
-    RUNNING = "running"
-
-
-class TaskManager:
-    """
-    The TaskManager class is a utility designed to manage asynchronous tasks. It
-    provides functionality for starting, stopping, and tracking these tasks. The class
-    is primarily used by the DataService class to manage its tasks.
-
-    A task in TaskManager is any asynchronous function. To add a task, you simply need
-    to define an async function within your class that extends TaskManager. For example:
-
-    ```python
-    class MyService(DataService):
-        async def my_task(self):
-            # Your task implementation here
-            pass
-    ```
-
-    With the above definition, TaskManager automatically creates `start_my_task` and
-    `stop_my_task` methods that can be used to control the task.
-
-    TaskManager also supports auto-starting tasks. If there are tasks that should start
-    running as soon as an instance of your class is created, you can define them in
-    `self._autostart_tasks` in your class constructor (__init__ method). Here's how:
-
-    ```python
-    class MyService(DataService):
-        def __init__(self):
-            self._autostart_tasks = {
-                "my_task": (*args)  # Replace with actual arguments
-            }
-            self.wait_time = 1
-            super().__init__()
-
-        async def my_task(self, *args):
-            while True:
-                # Your task implementation here
-                await asyncio.sleep(self.wait_time)
-    ```
-
-    In the above example, `my_task` will start running as soon as
-    `_start_autostart_tasks` is called which is done when the DataService instance is
-    passed to the `pydase.Server` class.
-
-    The responsibilities of the TaskManager class are:
-
-    - Track all running tasks: Keeps track of all the tasks that are currently running.
-    This allows for monitoring of task statuses and for making sure tasks do not
-    overlap.
-    - Provide the ability to start and stop tasks: Automatically creates methods to
-    start and stop each task.
-    - Emit notifications when the status of a task changes: Has a built-in mechanism for
-    emitting notifications when a task starts or stops. This is used to update the user
-    interfaces, but can also be used to write logs, etc.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, service: DataService) -> None:
-        self.service = service
-
-        self.tasks: dict[str, asyncio.Task[None]] = {}
-        """A dictionary to keep track of running tasks. The keys are the names of the
-        tasks and the values are TaskDict instances which include the task itself and
-        its kwargs.
-        """
-
-        self._set_start_and_stop_for_async_methods()
-
-    @property
-    def _loop(self) -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop:
-        return asyncio.get_running_loop()
-
-    def _set_start_and_stop_for_async_methods(self) -> None:
-        for name in dir(self.service):
-            # circumvents calling properties
-            if is_property_attribute(self.service, name):
-                continue
-
-            method = getattr(self.service, name)
-            if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(method):
-                if function_has_arguments(method):
-                    logger.info(
-                        "Async function %a is defined with at least one argument. If "
-                        "you want to use it as a task, remove the argument(s) from the "
-                        "function definition.",
-                        method.__name__,
-                    )
-                    continue
-
-                # create start and stop methods for each coroutine
-                setattr(
-                    self.service, f"start_{name}", self._make_start_task(name, method)
-                )
-                setattr(self.service, f"stop_{name}", self._make_stop_task(name))
-
-    def _initiate_task_startup(self) -> None:
-        if self.service._autostart_tasks is not None:
-            for service_name, args in self.service._autostart_tasks.items():
-                start_method = getattr(self.service, f"start_{service_name}", None)
-                if start_method is not None and callable(start_method):
-                    start_method(*args)
-                else:
-                    logger.warning(
-                        "No start method found for service '%s'", service_name
-                    )
-
-    def start_autostart_tasks(self) -> None:
-        self._initiate_task_startup()
-        attrs = get_class_and_instance_attributes(self.service)
-
-        for attr_value in attrs.values():
-            if isinstance(attr_value, AbstractDataService):
-                attr_value._task_manager.start_autostart_tasks()
-            elif isinstance(attr_value, list):
-                for item in attr_value:
-                    if isinstance(item, AbstractDataService):
-                        item._task_manager.start_autostart_tasks()
-
-    def _make_stop_task(self, name: str) -> Callable[..., Any]:
-        """
-        Factory function to create a 'stop_task' function for a running task.
-
-        The generated function cancels the associated asyncio task using 'name' for
-        identification, ensuring proper cleanup. Avoids closure and late binding issues.
-
-        Args:
-            name (str): The name of the coroutine task, used for its identification.
-        """
-
-        def stop_task() -> None:
-            # cancel the task
-            task = self.tasks.get(name, None)
-            if task is not None:
-                self._loop.call_soon_threadsafe(task.cancel)
-
-        return stop_task
-
-    def _make_start_task(
-        self, name: str, method: Callable[..., Any]
-    ) -> Callable[..., Any]:
-        """
-        Factory function to create a 'start_task' function for a coroutine.
-
-        The generated function starts the coroutine as an asyncio task, handling
-        registration and monitoring.
-        It uses 'name' and 'method' to avoid the closure and late binding issue.
-
-        Args:
-            name (str): The name of the coroutine, used for task management.
-            method (callable): The coroutine to be turned into an asyncio task.
-        """
-
-        def start_task() -> None:
-            def task_done_callback(task: asyncio.Task[None], name: str) -> None:
-                """Handles tasks that have finished.
-
-                Removes a task from the tasks dictionary, calls the defined
-                callbacks, and logs and re-raises exceptions."""
-
-                # removing the finished task from the tasks i
-                self.tasks.pop(name, None)
-
-                # emit the notification that the task was stopped
-                self.service._notify_changed(name, None)
-
-                exception = task.exception()
-                if exception is not None:
-                    # Handle the exception, or you can re-raise it.
-                    logger.error(
-                        "Task '%s' encountered an exception: %s: %s",
-                        name,
-                        type(exception).__name__,
-                        exception,
-                    )
-                    raise exception
-
-            async def task() -> None:
-                try:
-                    await method()
-                except asyncio.CancelledError:
-                    logger.info("Task '%s' was cancelled", name)
-
-            if not self.tasks.get(name):
-                # creating the task and adding the task_done_callback which checks
-                # if an exception has occured during the task execution
-                task_object = self._loop.create_task(task())
-                task_object.add_done_callback(
-                    lambda task: task_done_callback(task, name)
-                )
-
-                # Store the task and its arguments in the '__tasks' dictionary. The
-                # key is the name of the method, and the value is a dictionary
-                # containing the task object and the updated keyword arguments.
-                self.tasks[name] = task_object
-
-                # emit the notification that the task was started
-                self.service._notify_changed(name, TaskStatus.RUNNING)
-            else:
-                logger.error("Task '%s' is already running!", name)
-
-        return start_task

src/pydase/frontend/index.html

@@ -3,13 +3,20 @@
 
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/favicon.ico" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
     <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" />
     <meta name="description" content="Web site displaying a pydase UI." />
-  <script type="module" crossorigin src="/assets/index-D7tStNHJ.js"></script>
-  <link rel="stylesheet" crossorigin href="/assets/index-D2aktF3W.css">
+  <script type="module" crossorigin src="/assets/index-BLJetjaQ.js"></script>
+  <link rel="stylesheet" crossorigin href="/assets/index-DJzFvk4W.css">
 </head>
 
+<script>
+    // this will be set by the python backend if the service is behind a proxy which strips a prefix. The frontend can use this to build the paths to the resources.
+    window.__FORWARDED_PREFIX__ = "";
+    window.__FORWARDED_PROTO__ = "";
+</script>
+
 <body>
     <noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript>
     <div id="root"></div>

src/pydase/observer_pattern/observable/decorators.py

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ def validate_set(
     getter and check against the desired value.
 
     Args:
-        timeout (float):
+        timeout:
             The maximum time (in seconds) to wait for the value to be within the
             precision boundary.
-        precision (float | None):
+        precision:
             The acceptable deviation from the desired value. If None, the value must be
             exact.
     """
@@ -44,13 +44,11 @@ def has_validate_set_decorator(prop: property) -> bool:
     Checks if a property setter has been decorated with the `validate_set` decorator.
 
     Args:
-        prop (property):
+        prop:
             The property to check.
 
     Returns:
-        bool:
-            True if the property setter has the `validate_set` decorator, False
-            otherwise.
+        True if the property setter has the `validate_set` decorator, False otherwise.
     """
 
     property_setter = prop.fset
@@ -68,11 +66,11 @@ def _validate_value_was_correctly_set(
     specified `precision` and time `timeout`.
 
     Args:
-        obj (Observable):
+        obj:
             The instance of the class containing the property.
-        name (str):
+        name:
             The name of the property to validate.
-        value (Any):
+        value:
             The desired value to check against.
 
     Raises:

src/pydase/observer_pattern/observable/observable.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from pydase.observer_pattern.observable.decorators import (
     has_validate_set_decorator,
 )
 from pydase.observer_pattern.observable.observable_object import ObservableObject
-from pydase.utils.helpers import is_property_attribute
+from pydase.utils.helpers import is_descriptor, is_property_attribute
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ class Observable(ObservableObject):
             - {"__annotations__"}
         }
         for name, value in class_attrs.items():
-            if isinstance(value, property) or callable(value):
+            if isinstance(value, property) or callable(value) or is_descriptor(value):
+                # Properties, methods and descriptors have to be stored as class
+                # attributes to work properly. So don't make it an instance attribute.
                 continue
             self.__dict__[name] = self._initialise_new_objects(name, value)
 
@@ -53,6 +55,10 @@ class Observable(ObservableObject):
         value = super().__getattribute__(name)
 
         if is_property_attribute(self, name):
+            # fixes https://github.com/tiqi-group/pydase/issues/187 and
+            # https://github.com/tiqi-group/pydase/issues/192
+            if isinstance(value, ObservableObject):
+                value.add_observer(self, name)
             self._notify_changed(name, value)
 
         return value

src/pydase/observer_pattern/observable/observable_object.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import contextlib
 import logging
 import weakref
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
@@ -164,9 +165,9 @@ class _ObservableList(ObservableObject, list[Any]):
 
         self._notify_changed(f"[{key}]", value)
 
-    def append(self, __object: Any) -> None:
+    def append(self, object_: Any, /) -> None:
         self._notify_change_start("")
-        super().append(self._initialise_new_objects(f"[{len(self)}]", __object))
+        super().append(self._initialise_new_objects(f"[{len(self)}]", object_))
         self._notify_changed("", self)
 
     def clear(self) -> None:
@@ -176,33 +177,33 @@ class _ObservableList(ObservableObject, list[Any]):
 
         self._notify_changed("", self)
 
-    def extend(self, __iterable: Iterable[Any]) -> None:
+    def extend(self, iterable: Iterable[Any], /) -> None:
         self._remove_self_from_observables()
 
         try:
-            super().extend(__iterable)
+            super().extend(iterable)
         finally:
             for i, item in enumerate(self):
                 super().__setitem__(i, self._initialise_new_objects(f"[{i}]", item))
 
             self._notify_changed("", self)
 
-    def insert(self, __index: SupportsIndex, __object: Any) -> None:
+    def insert(self, index: SupportsIndex, object_: Any, /) -> None:
         self._remove_self_from_observables()
 
         try:
-            super().insert(__index, __object)
+            super().insert(index, object_)
         finally:
             for i, item in enumerate(self):
                 super().__setitem__(i, self._initialise_new_objects(f"[{i}]", item))
 
             self._notify_changed("", self)
 
-    def pop(self, __index: SupportsIndex = -1) -> Any:
+    def pop(self, index: SupportsIndex = -1, /) -> Any:
         self._remove_self_from_observables()
 
         try:
-            popped_item = super().pop(__index)
+            popped_item = super().pop(index)
         finally:
             for i, item in enumerate(self):
                 super().__setitem__(i, self._initialise_new_objects(f"[{i}]", item))
@@ -210,11 +211,11 @@ class _ObservableList(ObservableObject, list[Any]):
             self._notify_changed("", self)
         return popped_item
 
-    def remove(self, __value: Any) -> None:
+    def remove(self, value: Any, /) -> None:
         self._remove_self_from_observables()
 
         try:
-            super().remove(__value)
+            super().remove(value)
         finally:
             for i, item in enumerate(self):
                 super().__setitem__(i, self._initialise_new_objects(f"[{i}]", item))
@@ -252,7 +253,8 @@ class _ObservableDict(ObservableObject, dict[str, Any]):
             self.__setitem__(key, self._initialise_new_objects(f'["{key}"]', value))
 
     def __del__(self) -> None:
-        self._dict_mapping.pop(id(self._original_dict))
+        with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
+            self._dict_mapping.pop(id(self._original_dict))
 
     def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
         if not isinstance(key, str):

src/pydase/observer_pattern/observer/observer.py

@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ class Observer(ABC):
         self.on_change_start(changing_attribute)
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def on_change(self, full_access_path: str, value: Any) -> None:
-        ...
+    def on_change(self, full_access_path: str, value: Any) -> None: ...
 
     def on_change_start(self, full_access_path: str) -> None:
         return

src/pydase/observer_pattern/observer/property_observer.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from pydase.observer_pattern.observable.observable import Observable
 from pydase.observer_pattern.observer.observer import Observer
+from pydase.utils.helpers import is_descriptor
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -60,18 +61,28 @@ class PropertyObserver(Observer):
     def _process_nested_observables_properties(
         self, obj: Observable, deps: dict[str, Any], prefix: str
     ) -> None:
-        for k, value in vars(obj).items():
+        for k, value in {**vars(type(obj)), **vars(obj)}.items():
+            actual_value = value
             prefix = (
                 f"{prefix}." if prefix != "" and not prefix.endswith(".") else prefix
             )
             parent_path = f"{prefix}{k}"
-            if isinstance(value, Observable):
+
+            # Get value from descriptor
+            if not isinstance(value, property) and is_descriptor(value):
+                actual_value = getattr(obj, k)
+
+            if isinstance(actual_value, Observable):
                 new_prefix = f"{parent_path}."
                 deps.update(
-                    self._get_properties_and_their_dependencies(value, new_prefix)
+                    self._get_properties_and_their_dependencies(
+                        actual_value, new_prefix
+                    )
                 )
             elif isinstance(value, list | dict):
-                self._process_collection_item_properties(value, deps, parent_path)
+                self._process_collection_item_properties(
+                    actual_value, deps, parent_path
+                )
 
     def _process_collection_item_properties(
         self,
@@ -89,7 +100,7 @@ class PropertyObserver(Observer):
         elif isinstance(collection, dict):
             for key, val in collection.items():
                 if isinstance(val, Observable):
-                    new_prefix = f"{parent_path}['{key}']"
+                    new_prefix = f'{parent_path}["{key}"]'
                     deps.update(
                         self._get_properties_and_their_dependencies(val, new_prefix)
                     )

src/pydase/server/server.py

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from pydase.config import ServiceConfig
 from pydase.data_service.data_service_observer import DataServiceObserver
 from pydase.data_service.state_manager import StateManager
 from pydase.server.web_server import WebServer
+from pydase.task.autostart import autostart_service_tasks
+from pydase.utils.helpers import current_event_loop_exists
 
 HANDLED_SIGNALS = (
     signal.SIGINT,  # Unix signal 2. Sent by Ctrl+C.
@@ -35,18 +37,18 @@ class AdditionalServerProtocol(Protocol):
 
     Args:
         data_service_observer:
-          Observer for the DataService, handling state updates and communication to
-          connected clients through injected callbacks. Can be utilized to access the
-          service and state manager, and to add custom state-update callbacks.
+            Observer for the DataService, handling state updates and communication to
+            connected clients through injected callbacks. Can be utilized to access the
+            service and state manager, and to add custom state-update callbacks.
         host:
-          Hostname or IP address where the server is accessible. Commonly '0.0.0.0' to
-          bind to all network interfaces.
+            Hostname or IP address where the server is accessible. Commonly '0.0.0.0' to
+            bind to all network interfaces.
         port:
-          Port number on which the server listens. Typically in the range 1024-65535
-          (non-standard ports).
+            Port number on which the server listens. Typically in the range 1024-65535
+            (non-standard ports).
         **kwargs:
-          Any additional parameters required for initializing the server. These
-          parameters are specific to the server's implementation.
+            Any additional parameters required for initializing the server. These
+            parameters are specific to the server's implementation.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -64,18 +66,17 @@ class AdditionalServerProtocol(Protocol):
 
 
 class AdditionalServer(TypedDict):
-    """
-    A TypedDict that represents the configuration for an additional server to be run
+    """A TypedDict that represents the configuration for an additional server to be run
     alongside the main server.
-
-    This class is used to specify the server type, the port on which the server should
-    run, and any additional keyword arguments that should be passed to the server when
-    it's instantiated.
     """
 
     server: type[AdditionalServerProtocol]
+    """Server adhering to the
+    [`AdditionalServerProtocol`][pydase.server.server.AdditionalServerProtocol]."""
     port: int
+    """Port on which the server should run."""
     kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    """Additional keyword arguments that will be passed to the server's constructor """
 
 
 class Server:
@@ -83,30 +84,17 @@ class Server:
     The `Server` class provides a flexible server implementation for the `DataService`.
 
     Args:
-        service: DataService
-            The DataService instance that this server will manage.
-        host: str
-            The host address for the server. Default is '0.0.0.0', which means all
+        service: The DataService instance that this server will manage.
+        host: The host address for the server. Defaults to `'0.0.0.0'`, which means all
             available network interfaces.
-        web_port: int
-            The port number for the web server. Default is
-            `pydase.config.ServiceConfig().web_port`.
-        enable_web: bool
-            Whether to enable the web server. Default is True.
-        filename: str | Path | None
-            Filename of the file managing the service state persistence.
-            Defaults to None.
-        additional_servers : list[AdditionalServer]
-            A list of additional servers to run alongside the main server. Each entry in
-            the list should be a dictionary with the following structure:
-                - server: A class that adheres to the AdditionalServerProtocol. This
-                    class should have an `__init__` method that accepts the DataService
-                    instance, port, host, and optional keyword arguments, and a `serve`
-                    method that is a coroutine responsible for starting the server.
-                - port: The port on which the additional server will be running.
-                - kwargs: A dictionary containing additional keyword arguments that will
-                    be passed to the server's `__init__` method.
-
+        web_port: The port number for the web server. If set to None, it will use the
+            port defined in
+            [`ServiceConfig().web_port`][pydase.config.ServiceConfig.web_port]. Defaults
+            to None.
+        enable_web: Whether to enable the web server.
+        filename: Filename of the file managing the service state persistence.
+        additional_servers: A list of additional servers to run alongside the main
+            server.
             Here's an example of how you might define an additional server:
 
             ```python
@@ -145,34 +133,48 @@ class Server:
             )
             server.run()
             ```
-        **kwargs: Any
-          Additional keyword arguments.
+        autosave_interval: Interval in seconds between automatic state save events.
+            If set to `None`, automatic saving is disabled. Defaults to 30 seconds.
+        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments.
     """
 
     def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
         self,
         service: DataService,
         host: str = "0.0.0.0",
-        web_port: int = ServiceConfig().web_port,
+        web_port: int | None = None,
         enable_web: bool = True,
         filename: str | Path | None = None,
         additional_servers: list[AdditionalServer] | None = None,
+        autosave_interval: float = 30.0,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> None:
         if additional_servers is None:
             additional_servers = []
         self._service = service
         self._host = host
-        self._web_port = web_port
+        if web_port is None:
+            self._web_port = ServiceConfig().web_port
+        else:
+            self._web_port = web_port
         self._enable_web = enable_web
         self._kwargs = kwargs
-        self._loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop
         self._additional_servers = additional_servers
         self.should_exit = False
         self.servers: dict[str, asyncio.Future[Any]] = {}
-        self._state_manager = StateManager(self._service, filename)
+        self._state_manager = StateManager(
+            service=self._service,
+            filename=filename,
+            autosave_interval=autosave_interval,
+        )
         self._observer = DataServiceObserver(self._state_manager)
         self._state_manager.load_state()
+        autostart_service_tasks(self._service)
+        if not current_event_loop_exists():
+            self._loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(self._loop)
+        else:
+            self._loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
 
     def run(self) -> None:
         """
@@ -180,7 +182,10 @@ class Server:
 
         This method should be called to start the server after it's been instantiated.
         """
-        asyncio.run(self.serve())
+        try:
+            self._loop.run_until_complete(self.serve())
+        finally:
+            self._loop.close()
 
     async def serve(self) -> None:
         process_id = os.getpid()
@@ -196,10 +201,8 @@ class Server:
         logger.info("Finished server process [%s]", process_id)
 
     async def startup(self) -> None:
-        self._loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
         self._loop.set_exception_handler(self.custom_exception_handler)
         self.install_signal_handlers()
-        self._service._task_manager.start_autostart_tasks()
 
         for server in self._additional_servers:
             addin_server = server["server"](
@@ -214,7 +217,7 @@ class Server:
             )
 
             server_task = self._loop.create_task(addin_server.serve())
-            server_task.add_done_callback(self.handle_server_shutdown)
+            server_task.add_done_callback(self._handle_server_shutdown)
             self.servers[server_name] = server_task
         if self._enable_web:
             self._web_server = WebServer(
@@ -225,10 +228,12 @@ class Server:
             )
             server_task = self._loop.create_task(self._web_server.serve())
 
-            server_task.add_done_callback(self.handle_server_shutdown)
+            server_task.add_done_callback(self._handle_server_shutdown)
             self.servers["web"] = server_task
 
-    def handle_server_shutdown(self, task: asyncio.Task[Any]) -> None:
+        self._loop.create_task(self._state_manager.autosave())
+
+    def _handle_server_shutdown(self, task: asyncio.Task[Any]) -> None:
         """Handle server shutdown. If the service should exit, do nothing. Else, make
         the service exit."""
 
@@ -263,7 +268,7 @@ class Server:
             except asyncio.CancelledError:
                 logger.debug("Cancelled '%s' server.", server_name)
             except Exception as e:
-                logger.error("Unexpected exception: %s", e)
+                logger.exception("Unexpected exception: %s", e)
 
     async def __cancel_tasks(self) -> None:
         for task in asyncio.all_tasks(self._loop):

src/pydase/server/web_server/api/v1/application.py

@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
+import inspect
 import logging
+from functools import partial
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import aiohttp.web
 import aiohttp_middlewares.error
+import click
 
 from pydase.data_service.state_manager import StateManager
 from pydase.server.web_server.api.v1.endpoints import (
     get_value,
+    trigger_async_method,
     trigger_method,
     update_value,
 )
+from pydase.utils.helpers import get_object_attr_from_path
 from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import dump
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -17,54 +22,104 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-API_VERSION = "v1"
-
 STATUS_OK = 200
 STATUS_FAILED = 400
 
 
+async def _get_value(
+    request: aiohttp.web.Request, state_manager: StateManager
+) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
+    log_id = get_log_id(request)
+
+    access_path = request.rel_url.query["access_path"]
+
+    logger.info("Client [%s] is getting the value of '%s'", log_id, access_path)
+
+    status = STATUS_OK
+    try:
+        result = get_value(state_manager, access_path)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(e)
+        result = dump(e)
+        status = STATUS_FAILED
+    return aiohttp.web.json_response(result, status=status)
+
+
+async def _update_value(
+    request: aiohttp.web.Request, state_manager: StateManager
+) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
+    log_id = get_log_id(request)
+
+    data: UpdateDict = await request.json()
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Client [%s] is updating the value of '%s'", log_id, data["access_path"]
+    )
+
+    try:
+        update_value(state_manager, data)
+
+        return aiohttp.web.json_response()
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(e)
+        return aiohttp.web.json_response(dump(e), status=STATUS_FAILED)
+
+
+async def _trigger_method(
+    request: aiohttp.web.Request, state_manager: StateManager
+) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
+    log_id = get_log_id(request)
+
+    data: TriggerMethodDict = await request.json()
+
+    access_path = data["access_path"]
+
+    logger.info("Client [%s] is triggering the method '%s'", log_id, access_path)
+
+    method = get_object_attr_from_path(state_manager.service, access_path)
+
+    try:
+        if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(method):
+            method_return = await trigger_async_method(
+                state_manager=state_manager, data=data
+            )
+        else:
+            method_return = trigger_method(state_manager=state_manager, data=data)
+
+        return aiohttp.web.json_response(method_return)
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(e)
+        return aiohttp.web.json_response(dump(e), status=STATUS_FAILED)
+
+
+def get_log_id(request: aiohttp.web.Request) -> str:
+    client_id_header = request.headers.get("x-client-id", None)
+    remote_username_header = request.headers.get("remote-user", None)
+
+    if remote_username_header is not None:
+        log_id = f"user={click.style(remote_username_header, fg='cyan')}"
+    elif client_id_header is not None:
+        log_id = f"id={click.style(client_id_header, fg='cyan')}"
+    else:
+        log_id = f"id={click.style(None, fg='cyan')}"
+
+    return log_id
+
+
 def create_api_application(state_manager: StateManager) -> aiohttp.web.Application:
     api_application = aiohttp.web.Application(
         middlewares=(aiohttp_middlewares.error.error_middleware(),)
     )
 
-    async def _get_value(request: aiohttp.web.Request) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
-        logger.info("Handle api request: %s", request)
-
-        access_path = request.rel_url.query["access_path"]
-
-        status = STATUS_OK
-        try:
-            result = get_value(state_manager, access_path)
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.exception(e)
-            result = dump(e)
-            status = STATUS_FAILED
-        return aiohttp.web.json_response(result, status=status)
-
-    async def _update_value(request: aiohttp.web.Request) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
-        data: UpdateDict = await request.json()
-
-        try:
-            update_value(state_manager, data)
-
-            return aiohttp.web.json_response()
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.exception(e)
-            return aiohttp.web.json_response(dump(e), status=STATUS_FAILED)
-
-    async def _trigger_method(request: aiohttp.web.Request) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
-        data: TriggerMethodDict = await request.json()
-
-        try:
-            return aiohttp.web.json_response(trigger_method(state_manager, data))
-
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.exception(e)
-            return aiohttp.web.json_response(dump(e), status=STATUS_FAILED)
-
-    api_application.router.add_get("/get_value", _get_value)
-    api_application.router.add_put("/update_value", _update_value)
-    api_application.router.add_put("/trigger_method", _trigger_method)
+    api_application.router.add_get(
+        "/get_value", partial(_get_value, state_manager=state_manager)
+    )
+    api_application.router.add_put(
+        "/update_value", partial(_update_value, state_manager=state_manager)
+    )
+    api_application.router.add_put(
+        "/trigger_method", partial(_trigger_method, state_manager=state_manager)
+    )
 
     return api_application

src/pydase/server/web_server/api/v1/endpoints.py

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
-from typing import Any
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
+import pydase.utils.serialization.deserializer
+import pydase.utils.serialization.serializer
 from pydase.data_service.state_manager import StateManager
 from pydase.server.web_server.sio_setup import TriggerMethodDict, UpdateDict
 from pydase.utils.helpers import get_object_attr_from_path
-from pydase.utils.serialization.deserializer import loads
-from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import Serializer, dump
 from pydase.utils.serialization.types import SerializedObject
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+
+loads = pydase.utils.serialization.deserializer.loads
+Serializer = pydase.utils.serialization.serializer.Serializer
+
 
 def update_value(state_manager: StateManager, data: UpdateDict) -> None:
     path = data["access_path"]
@@ -32,4 +38,20 @@ def trigger_method(state_manager: StateManager, data: TriggerMethodDict) -> Any:
     serialized_kwargs = data.get("kwargs", None)
     kwargs: dict[str, Any] = loads(serialized_kwargs) if serialized_kwargs else {}
 
-    return dump(method(*args, **kwargs))
+    return Serializer.serialize_object(method(*args, **kwargs))
+
+
+async def trigger_async_method(
+    state_manager: StateManager, data: TriggerMethodDict
+) -> Any:
+    method: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]] = get_object_attr_from_path(
+        state_manager.service, data["access_path"]
+    )
+
+    serialized_args = data.get("args", None)
+    args = loads(serialized_args) if serialized_args else []
+
+    serialized_kwargs = data.get("kwargs", None)
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = loads(serialized_kwargs) if serialized_kwargs else {}
+
+    return Serializer.serialize_object(await method(*args, **kwargs))

src/pydase/server/web_server/sio_setup.py

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 import asyncio
+import inspect
 import logging
 import sys
 from typing import Any, TypedDict
 
+from pydase.utils.helpers import get_object_attr_from_path
+
 if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
     from typing_extensions import NotRequired
 else:
@@ -11,19 +14,19 @@ else:
 import click
 import socketio  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
 
-import pydase.server.web_server.api.v1.endpoints
 import pydase.utils.serialization.deserializer
 import pydase.utils.serialization.serializer
 from pydase.data_service.data_service_observer import DataServiceObserver
 from pydase.data_service.state_manager import StateManager
+from pydase.server.web_server.api.v1 import endpoints
 from pydase.utils.logging import SocketIOHandler
-from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import SerializedObject
+from pydase.utils.serialization.types import SerializedObject
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # These functions can be monkey-patched by other libraries at runtime
-loads = pydase.utils.serialization.deserializer.loads
 dump = pydase.utils.serialization.serializer.dump
+sio_client_manager = None
 
 
 class UpdateDict(TypedDict):
@@ -55,12 +58,15 @@ class RunMethodDict(TypedDict):
     exposed DataService.
 
     Attributes:
-        name (str): The name of the method to be run.
-        parent_path (str): The access path for the parent object of the method to be
-            run. This is used to construct the full access path for the method. For
-            example, for an method with access path 'attr1.list_attr[0].method_name',
-            'attr1.list_attr[0]' would be the parent_path.
-        kwargs (dict[str, Any]): The arguments passed to the method.
+        name:
+            The name of the method to be run.
+        parent_path:
+            The access path for the parent object of the method to be run. This is used
+            to construct the full access path for the method. For example, for an method
+            with access path 'attr1.list_attr[0].method_name', 'attr1.list_attr[0]'
+            would be the parent_path.
+        kwargs:
+            The arguments passed to the method.
     """
 
     name: str
@@ -77,23 +83,30 @@ def setup_sio_server(
     Sets up and configures a Socket.IO asynchronous server.
 
     Args:
-        observer (DataServiceObserver):
-          The observer managing state updates and communication.
-        enable_cors (bool):
-          Flag indicating whether CORS should be enabled for the server.
-        loop (asyncio.AbstractEventLoop):
-          The event loop in which the server will run.
+        observer:
+            The observer managing state updates and communication.
+        enable_cors:
+            Flag indicating whether CORS should be enabled for the server.
+        loop:
+            The event loop in which the server will run.
 
     Returns:
-        socketio.AsyncServer: The configured Socket.IO asynchronous server.
+        The configured Socket.IO asynchronous server.
     """
 
     state_manager = observer.state_manager
 
     if enable_cors:
-        sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="aiohttp", cors_allowed_origins="*")
+        sio = socketio.AsyncServer(
+            async_mode="aiohttp",
+            cors_allowed_origins="*",
+            client_manager=sio_client_manager,
+        )
     else:
-        sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="aiohttp")
+        sio = socketio.AsyncServer(
+            async_mode="aiohttp",
+            client_manager=sio_client_manager,
+        )
 
     setup_sio_events(sio, state_manager)
     setup_logging_handler(sio)
@@ -128,26 +141,43 @@ def setup_sio_server(
 def setup_sio_events(sio: socketio.AsyncServer, state_manager: StateManager) -> None:  # noqa: C901
     @sio.event  # type: ignore
     async def connect(sid: str, environ: Any) -> None:
-        logging.debug("Client [%s] connected", click.style(str(sid), fg="cyan"))
+        client_id_header = environ.get("HTTP_X_CLIENT_ID", None)
+        remote_username_header = environ.get("HTTP_REMOTE_USER", None)
+
+        if remote_username_header is not None:
+            log_id = f"user={click.style(remote_username_header, fg='cyan')}"
+        elif client_id_header is not None:
+            log_id = f"id={click.style(client_id_header, fg='cyan')}"
+        else:
+            log_id = f"sid={click.style(sid, fg='cyan')}"
+
+        async with sio.session(sid) as session:
+            session["client_id"] = log_id
+            logger.info("Client [%s] connected", session["client_id"])
 
     @sio.event  # type: ignore
     async def disconnect(sid: str) -> None:
-        logging.debug("Client [%s] disconnected", click.style(str(sid), fg="cyan"))
+        async with sio.session(sid) as session:
+            logger.info("Client [%s] disconnected", session["client_id"])
 
     @sio.event  # type: ignore
     async def service_serialization(sid: str) -> SerializedObject:
-        logging.debug(
-            "Client [%s] requested service serialization",
-            click.style(str(sid), fg="cyan"),
-        )
+        async with sio.session(sid) as session:
+            logger.info(
+                "Client [%s] requested service serialization", session["client_id"]
+            )
         return state_manager.cache_manager.cache
 
     @sio.event
     async def update_value(sid: str, data: UpdateDict) -> SerializedObject | None:
-        try:
-            pydase.server.web_server.api.v1.endpoints.update_value(
-                state_manager=state_manager, data=data
+        async with sio.session(sid) as session:
+            logger.info(
+                "Client [%s] is updating the value of '%s'",
+                session["client_id"],
+                data["access_path"],
             )
+        try:
+            endpoints.update_value(state_manager=state_manager, data=data)
         except Exception as e:
             logger.exception(e)
             return dump(e)
@@ -155,8 +185,14 @@ def setup_sio_events(sio: socketio.AsyncServer, state_manager: StateManager) ->
 
     @sio.event
     async def get_value(sid: str, access_path: str) -> SerializedObject:
+        async with sio.session(sid) as session:
+            logger.info(
+                "Client [%s] is getting the value of '%s'",
+                session["client_id"],
+                access_path,
+            )
         try:
-            return pydase.server.web_server.api.v1.endpoints.get_value(
+            return endpoints.get_value(
                 state_manager=state_manager, access_path=access_path
             )
         except Exception as e:
@@ -165,12 +201,23 @@ def setup_sio_events(sio: socketio.AsyncServer, state_manager: StateManager) ->
 
     @sio.event
     async def trigger_method(sid: str, data: TriggerMethodDict) -> Any:
-        try:
-            return pydase.server.web_server.api.v1.endpoints.trigger_method(
-                state_manager=state_manager, data=data
+        async with sio.session(sid) as session:
+            logger.info(
+                "Client [%s] is triggering the method '%s'",
+                session["client_id"],
+                data["access_path"],
             )
+        try:
+            method = get_object_attr_from_path(
+                state_manager.service, data["access_path"]
+            )
+            if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(method):
+                return await endpoints.trigger_async_method(
+                    state_manager=state_manager, data=data
+                )
+            return endpoints.trigger_method(state_manager=state_manager, data=data)
         except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(e)
+            logger.exception(e)
             return dump(e)
 
 

src/pydase/server/web_server/web_server.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
+import html
 import json
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import aiohttp.web
 import aiohttp_middlewares.cors
+import anyio
 
 from pydase.config import ServiceConfig, WebServerConfig
 from pydase.data_service.data_service_observer import DataServiceObserver
@@ -20,46 +22,57 @@ from pydase.utils.helpers import (
 from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import generate_serialized_data_paths
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-API_VERSION = "v1"
 
 
 class WebServer:
     """
-    Represents a web server that adheres to the AdditionalServerProtocol, designed to
-    work with a DataService instance. This server facilitates client-server
-    communication and state management through web protocols and socket connections.
+    Represents a web server that adheres to the
+    [`AdditionalServerProtocol`][pydase.server.server.AdditionalServerProtocol],
+    designed to work with a [`DataService`][pydase.DataService] instance. This server
+    facilitates client-server communication and state management through web protocols
+    and socket connections.
 
-    The WebServer class initializes and manages a web server environment using FastAPI
-    and Socket.IO, allowing for HTTP and WebSocket communications. It incorporates CORS
-    (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) support, custom CSS, and serves a frontend static
-    files directory. It also initializes web server settings based on configuration
-    files or generates default settings if necessary.
+    The WebServer class initializes and manages a web server environment aiohttp and
+    Socket.IO, allowing for HTTP and Socket.IO communications. It incorporates CORS
+    (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) support, custom CSS, and serves a static files
+    directory. It also initializes web server settings based on configuration files or
+    generates default settings if necessary.
 
     Configuration for the web server (like service configuration directory and whether
     to generate new web settings) is determined in the following order of precedence:
+
     1. Values provided directly to the constructor.
     2. Environment variable settings (via configuration classes like
-      `pydase.config.ServiceConfig` and `pydase.config.WebServerConfig`).
+      [`ServiceConfig`][pydase.config.ServiceConfig] and
+      [`WebServerConfig`][pydase.config.WebServerConfig]).
     3. Default values defined in the configuration classes.
 
     Args:
-        data_service_observer (DataServiceObserver): Observer for the DataService,
-          handling state updates and communication to connected clients.
-        host (str): Hostname or IP address where the server is accessible. Commonly
-          '0.0.0.0' to bind to all network interfaces.
-        port (int): Port number on which the server listens. Typically in the range
-          1024-65535 (non-standard ports).
-        css (str | Path | None, optional): Path to a custom CSS file for styling the
-          frontend. If None, no custom styles are applied. Defaults to None.
-        enable_cors (bool, optional): Flag to enable or disable CORS policy. When True,
-          CORS is enabled, allowing cross-origin requests. Defaults to True.
-        config_dir (Path | None, optional): Path to the configuration
-          directory where the web settings will be stored. Defaults to
-          `pydase.config.ServiceConfig().config_dir`.
-        generate_new_web_settings (bool | None, optional): Flag to enable or disable
-          generation of new web settings if the configuration file is missing. Defaults
-          to `pydase.config.WebServerConfig().generate_new_web_settings`.
-        **kwargs (Any): Additional unused keyword arguments.
+        data_service_observer:
+            Observer for the [`DataService`][pydase.DataService], handling state updates
+            and communication to connected clients.
+        host:
+            Hostname or IP address where the server is accessible. Commonly '0.0.0.0'
+            to bind to all network interfaces.
+        port:
+            Port number on which the server listens. Typically in the range 1024-65535
+            (non-standard ports).
+        css:
+            Path to a custom CSS file for styling the frontend. If None, no custom
+            styles are applied. Defaults to None.
+        favicon_path:
+            Path to a custom favicon.ico file. Defaults to None.
+        enable_cors:
+            Flag to enable or disable CORS policy. When True, CORS is enabled, allowing
+            cross-origin requests. Defaults to True.
+        config_dir:
+            Path to the configuration directory where the web settings will be stored.
+            Defaults to
+            [`ServiceConfig().config_dir`][pydase.config.ServiceConfig.config_dir].
+        generate_web_settings:
+            Flag to enable or disable generation of new web settings if the
+            configuration file is missing. Defaults to
+            [`WebServerConfig().generate_web_settings`][pydase.config.WebServerConfig.generate_web_settings].
     """
 
     def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
@@ -67,7 +80,9 @@ class WebServer:
         data_service_observer: DataServiceObserver,
         host: str,
         port: int,
+        *,
         css: str | Path | None = None,
+        favicon_path: str | Path | None = None,
         enable_cors: bool = True,
         config_dir: Path = ServiceConfig().config_dir,
         generate_web_settings: bool = WebServerConfig().generate_web_settings,
@@ -81,6 +96,11 @@ class WebServer:
         self.css = css
         self.enable_cors = enable_cors
         self.frontend_src = frontend_src
+        self.favicon_path: Path | str = favicon_path  # type: ignore
+
+        if self.favicon_path is None:
+            self.favicon_path = self.frontend_src / "favicon.ico"
+
         self._service_config_dir = config_dir
         self._generate_web_settings = generate_web_settings
         self._loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop
@@ -90,8 +110,47 @@ class WebServer:
         self._loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
         self._sio = setup_sio_server(self.observer, self.enable_cors, self._loop)
 
-        async def index(request: aiohttp.web.Request) -> aiohttp.web.FileResponse:
-            return aiohttp.web.FileResponse(self.frontend_src / "index.html")
+        async def index(
+            request: aiohttp.web.Request,
+        ) -> aiohttp.web.Response | aiohttp.web.FileResponse:
+            forwarded_proto = request.headers.get("X-Forwarded-Proto", "http")
+            escaped_proto = html.escape(forwarded_proto)
+
+            # Read the index.html file
+            index_file_path = self.frontend_src / "index.html"
+
+            async with await anyio.open_file(index_file_path) as f:
+                html_content = await f.read()
+
+            # Inject the escaped forwarded protocol into the HTML
+            modified_html = html_content.replace(
+                'window.__FORWARDED_PROTO__ = "";',
+                f'window.__FORWARDED_PROTO__ = "{escaped_proto}";',
+            )
+
+            # Read the X-Forwarded-Prefix header from the request
+            forwarded_prefix = request.headers.get("X-Forwarded-Prefix", "")
+
+            if forwarded_prefix != "":
+                # Escape the forwarded prefix to prevent XSS
+                escaped_prefix = html.escape(forwarded_prefix)
+
+                # Inject the escaped forwarded prefix into the HTML
+                modified_html = modified_html.replace(
+                    'window.__FORWARDED_PREFIX__ = "";',
+                    f'window.__FORWARDED_PREFIX__ = "{escaped_prefix}";',
+                )
+                modified_html = modified_html.replace(
+                    "/assets/",
+                    f"{escaped_prefix}/assets/",
+                )
+
+                modified_html = modified_html.replace(
+                    "/favicon.ico",
+                    f"{escaped_prefix}/favicon.ico",
+                )
+
+            return aiohttp.web.Response(text=modified_html, content_type="text/html")
 
         app = aiohttp.web.Application()
 
@@ -104,6 +163,7 @@ class WebServer:
         # Define routes
         self._sio.attach(app, socketio_path="/ws/socket.io")
         app.router.add_static("/assets", self.frontend_src / "assets")
+        app.router.add_get("/favicon.ico", self._favicon_route)
         app.router.add_get("/service-properties", self._service_properties_route)
         app.router.add_get("/web-settings", self._web_settings_route)
         app.router.add_get("/custom.css", self._styles_route)
@@ -121,6 +181,12 @@ class WebServer:
             shutdown_timeout=0.1,
         )
 
+    async def _favicon_route(
+        self,
+        request: aiohttp.web.Request,
+    ) -> aiohttp.web.FileResponse:
+        return aiohttp.web.FileResponse(self.favicon_path)
+
     async def _service_properties_route(
         self,
         request: aiohttp.web.Request,

src/pydase/task/autostart.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import pydase.data_service.data_service
+import pydase.task.task
+from pydase.task.task_status import TaskStatus
+from pydase.utils.helpers import is_property_attribute
+
+
+def autostart_service_tasks(
+    service: pydase.data_service.data_service.DataService,
+) -> None:
+    """Starts the service tasks defined with the `autostart` keyword argument.
+
+    This method goes through the attributes of the passed service and its nested
+    [`DataService`][pydase.DataService] instances and calls the start method on
+    autostart-tasks.
+    """
+
+    for attr in dir(service):
+        if is_property_attribute(service, attr) or attr in {
+            "_observers",
+            "__dict__",
+        }:  # prevent eval of property attrs and recursion
+            continue
+
+        val = getattr(service, attr)
+        if isinstance(val, pydase.task.task.Task):
+            if val.autostart and val.status == TaskStatus.NOT_RUNNING:
+                val.start()
+            else:
+                continue
+        else:
+            autostart_nested_service_tasks(val)
+
+
+def autostart_nested_service_tasks(
+    service: pydase.data_service.data_service.DataService | list[Any] | dict[Any, Any],
+) -> None:
+    if isinstance(service, pydase.DataService):
+        autostart_service_tasks(service)
+    elif isinstance(service, list):
+        for entry in service:
+            autostart_nested_service_tasks(entry)
+    elif isinstance(service, dict):
+        for entry in service.values():
+            autostart_nested_service_tasks(entry)

src/pydase/task/decorator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Callable, Coroutine
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar, overload
+
+from pydase.data_service.data_service import DataService
+from pydase.task.task import Task
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+R = TypeVar("R")
+
+
+class PerInstanceTaskDescriptor(Generic[R]):
+    """
+    A descriptor class that provides a unique [`Task`][pydase.task.task.Task] object
+    for each instance of a [`DataService`][pydase.data_service.data_service.DataService]
+    class.
+
+    The `PerInstanceTaskDescriptor` is used to transform an asynchronous function into a
+    task that is managed independently for each instance of a `DataService` subclass.
+    This allows tasks to be initialized, started, and stopped on a per-instance basis,
+    providing better control over task execution within the service.
+
+    The `PerInstanceTaskDescriptor` is not intended to be used directly. Instead, it is
+    used internally by the `@task` decorator to manage task objects for each instance of
+    the service class.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Any], Coroutine[None, None, R]]
+        | Callable[[], Coroutine[None, None, R]],
+        autostart: bool,
+        restart_on_exception: bool,
+        restart_sec: float,
+        start_limit_interval_sec: float | None,
+        start_limit_burst: int,
+        exit_on_failure: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.__func = func
+        self.__autostart = autostart
+        self.__task_instances: dict[object, Task[R]] = {}
+        self.__restart_on_exception = restart_on_exception
+        self.__restart_sec = restart_sec
+        self.__start_limit_interval_sec = start_limit_interval_sec
+        self.__start_limit_burst = start_limit_burst
+        self.__exit_on_failure = exit_on_failure
+
+    def __set_name__(self, owner: type[DataService], name: str) -> None:
+        """Stores the name of the task within the owning class. This method is called
+        automatically when the descriptor is assigned to a class attribute.
+        """
+
+        self.__task_name = name
+
+    @overload
+    def __get__(
+        self, instance: None, owner: type[DataService]
+    ) -> "PerInstanceTaskDescriptor[R]":
+        """Returns the descriptor itself when accessed through the class."""
+
+    @overload
+    def __get__(self, instance: DataService, owner: type[DataService]) -> Task[R]:
+        """Returns the `Task` object associated with the specific `DataService`
+        instance.
+        If no task exists for the instance, a new `Task` object is created and stored
+        in the `__task_instances` dictionary.
+        """
+
+    def __get__(
+        self, instance: DataService | None, owner: type[DataService]
+    ) -> "Task[R] | PerInstanceTaskDescriptor[R]":
+        if instance is None:
+            return self
+
+        # Create a new Task object for this instance, using the function's name.
+        if instance not in self.__task_instances:
+            self.__task_instances[instance] = instance._initialise_new_objects(
+                self.__task_name,
+                Task(
+                    self.__func.__get__(instance, owner),
+                    autostart=self.__autostart,
+                    restart_on_exception=self.__restart_on_exception,
+                    restart_sec=self.__restart_sec,
+                    start_limit_interval_sec=self.__start_limit_interval_sec,
+                    start_limit_burst=self.__start_limit_burst,
+                    exit_on_failure=self.__exit_on_failure,
+                ),
+            )
+
+        return self.__task_instances[instance]
+
+
+def task(  # noqa: PLR0913
+    *,
+    autostart: bool = False,
+    restart_on_exception: bool = True,
+    restart_sec: float = 1.0,
+    start_limit_interval_sec: float | None = None,
+    start_limit_burst: int = 3,
+    exit_on_failure: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[
+    [
+        Callable[[Any], Coroutine[None, None, R]]
+        | Callable[[], Coroutine[None, None, R]]
+    ],
+    PerInstanceTaskDescriptor[R],
+]:
+    """
+    A decorator to define an asynchronous function as a per-instance task within a
+    [`DataService`][pydase.DataService] class.
+
+    This decorator transforms an asynchronous function into a
+    [`Task`][pydase.task.task.Task] object that is unique to each instance of the
+    `DataService` class. The resulting `Task` object provides methods like `start()`
+    and `stop()` to control the execution of the task, and manages the task's lifecycle
+    independently for each instance of the service.
+
+    The decorator is particularly useful for defining tasks that need to run
+    periodically or perform asynchronous operations, such as polling data sources,
+    updating databases, or any recurring job that should be managed within the context
+    of a `DataService`.
+
+    The keyword arguments that can be passed to this decorator are inspired by systemd
+    unit services.
+
+    Args:
+        autostart:
+            If set to True, the task will automatically start when the service is
+            initialized. Defaults to False.
+        restart_on_exception:
+            Configures whether the task shall be restarted when it exits with an
+            exception other than [`asyncio.CancelledError`][asyncio.CancelledError].
+        restart_sec:
+            Configures the time to sleep before restarting a task. Defaults to 1.0.
+        start_limit_interval_sec:
+            Configures start rate limiting. Tasks which are started more than
+            `start_limit_burst` times within an `start_limit_interval_sec` time span are
+            not permitted to start any more. Defaults to None (disabled rate limiting).
+        start_limit_burst:
+            Configures unit start rate limiting. Tasks which are started more than
+            `start_limit_burst` times within an `start_limit_interval_sec` time span are
+            not permitted to start any more. Defaults to 3.
+        exit_on_failure:
+            If True, exit the service if the task fails and restart_on_exception is
+            False or burst limits are exceeded.
+    Returns:
+        A decorator that wraps an asynchronous function in a
+        [`PerInstanceTaskDescriptor`][pydase.task.decorator.PerInstanceTaskDescriptor]
+        object, which, when accessed, provides an instance-specific
+        [`Task`][pydase.task.task.Task] object.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        import asyncio
+
+        import pydase
+        from pydase.task.decorator import task
+
+
+        class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+            @task(autostart=True)
+            async def my_task(self) -> None:
+                while True:
+                    # Perform some periodic work
+                    await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+
+        if __name__ == "__main__":
+            service = MyService()
+            pydase.Server(service=service).run()
+        ```
+
+        In this example, `my_task` is defined as a task using the `@task` decorator, and
+        it will start automatically when the service is initialized because
+        `autostart=True` is set. You can manually start or stop the task using
+        `service.my_task.start()` and `service.my_task.stop()`, respectively.
+    """
+
+    def decorator(
+        func: Callable[[Any], Coroutine[None, None, R]]
+        | Callable[[], Coroutine[None, None, R]],
+    ) -> PerInstanceTaskDescriptor[R]:
+        return PerInstanceTaskDescriptor(
+            func,
+            autostart=autostart,
+            restart_on_exception=restart_on_exception,
+            restart_sec=restart_sec,
+            start_limit_interval_sec=start_limit_interval_sec,
+            start_limit_burst=start_limit_burst,
+            exit_on_failure=exit_on_failure,
+        )
+
+    return decorator

src/pydase/task/task.py

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import os
+import signal
+from collections.abc import Callable, Coroutine
+from datetime import datetime
+from time import time
+from typing import (
+    Generic,
+    TypeVar,
+)
+
+import pydase.data_service.data_service
+from pydase.task.task_status import TaskStatus
+from pydase.utils.helpers import current_event_loop_exists
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+R = TypeVar("R")
+
+
+class Task(pydase.data_service.data_service.DataService, Generic[R]):
+    """A class representing a task within the `pydase` framework.
+
+    The `Task` class wraps an asynchronous function and provides methods to manage its
+    lifecycle, such as `start()` and `stop()`. It is typically used to perform periodic
+    or recurring jobs in a [`DataService`][pydase.DataService], like reading
+    sensor data, updating databases, or executing other background tasks.
+
+    When a function is decorated with the [`@task`][pydase.task.decorator.task]
+    decorator, it is replaced by a `Task` instance that controls the execution of the
+    original function.
+
+    The keyword arguments that can be passed to this class are inspired by systemd unit
+    services.
+
+    Args:
+        func:
+            The asynchronous function that this task wraps. It must be a coroutine
+            without arguments.
+        autostart:
+            If set to True, the task will automatically start when the service is
+            initialized. Defaults to False.
+        restart_on_exception:
+            Configures whether the task shall be restarted when it exits with an
+            exception other than [`asyncio.CancelledError`][asyncio.CancelledError].
+        restart_sec:
+            Configures the time to sleep before restarting a task. Defaults to 1.0.
+        start_limit_interval_sec:
+            Configures start rate limiting. Tasks which are started more than
+            `start_limit_burst` times within an `start_limit_interval_sec` time span are
+            not permitted to start any more. Defaults to None (disabled rate limiting).
+        start_limit_burst:
+            Configures unit start rate limiting. Tasks which are started more than
+            `start_limit_burst` times within an `start_limit_interval_sec` time span are
+            not permitted to start any more. Defaults to 3.
+        exit_on_failure:
+            If True, exit the service if the task fails and restart_on_exception is
+            False or burst limits are exceeded.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        import asyncio
+
+        import pydase
+        from pydase.task.decorator import task
+
+
+        class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+            @task(autostart=True)
+            async def my_task(self) -> None:
+                while True:
+                    # Perform some periodic work
+                    await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+
+        if __name__ == "__main__":
+            service = MyService()
+            pydase.Server(service=service).run()
+        ```
+
+        In this example, `my_task` is defined as a task using the `@task` decorator, and
+        it will start automatically when the service is initialized because
+        `autostart=True` is set. You can manually start or stop the task using
+        `service.my_task.start()` and `service.my_task.stop()`, respectively.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[], Coroutine[None, None, R | None]],
+        *,
+        autostart: bool,
+        restart_on_exception: bool,
+        restart_sec: float,
+        start_limit_interval_sec: float | None,
+        start_limit_burst: int,
+        exit_on_failure: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._autostart = autostart
+        self._restart_on_exception = restart_on_exception
+        self._restart_sec = restart_sec
+        self._start_limit_interval_sec = start_limit_interval_sec
+        self._start_limit_burst = start_limit_burst
+        self._exit_on_failure = exit_on_failure
+        self._func_name = func.__name__
+        self._func = func
+        self._task: asyncio.Task[R | None] | None = None
+        self._status = TaskStatus.NOT_RUNNING
+        self._result: R | None = None
+
+        if not current_event_loop_exists():
+            self._loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(self._loop)
+        else:
+            self._loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+
+    @property
+    def autostart(self) -> bool:
+        """Defines if the task should be started automatically when the
+        [`Server`][pydase.Server] starts."""
+        return self._autostart
+
+    @property
+    def status(self) -> TaskStatus:
+        """Returns the current status of the task."""
+        return self._status
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        """Starts the asynchronous task if it is not already running."""
+        if self._task:
+            return
+
+        def task_done_callback(task: asyncio.Task[R | None]) -> None:
+            """Handles tasks that have finished.
+
+            Updates the task status, calls the defined callbacks, and logs and re-raises
+            exceptions.
+            """
+
+            self._task = None
+            self._status = TaskStatus.NOT_RUNNING
+
+            exception = None
+            try:
+                exception = task.exception()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                return
+
+            if exception is not None:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Task '%s' encountered an exception: %r",
+                    self._func_name,
+                    exception,
+                )
+                os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGTERM)
+            else:
+                self._result = task.result()
+
+        logger.info("Creating task %r", self._func_name)
+        self._task = self._loop.create_task(self.__running_task_loop())
+        self._task.add_done_callback(task_done_callback)
+
+    async def __running_task_loop(self) -> R | None:
+        logger.info("Starting task %r", self._func_name)
+        self._status = TaskStatus.RUNNING
+        attempts = 0
+        start_time_of_start_limit_interval = None
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                return await self._func()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                logger.info("Task '%s' was cancelled", self._func_name)
+                raise
+            except Exception as e:
+                attempts, start_time_of_start_limit_interval = (
+                    self._handle_task_exception(
+                        e, attempts, start_time_of_start_limit_interval
+                    )
+                )
+                if not self._should_restart_task(
+                    attempts, start_time_of_start_limit_interval
+                ):
+                    if self._exit_on_failure:
+                        raise e
+                    break
+                await asyncio.sleep(self._restart_sec)
+        return None
+
+    def _handle_task_exception(
+        self,
+        exception: Exception,
+        attempts: int,
+        start_time_of_start_limit_interval: float | None,
+    ) -> tuple[int, float]:
+        """Handle an exception raised during task execution."""
+        if start_time_of_start_limit_interval is None:
+            start_time_of_start_limit_interval = time()
+
+        attempts += 1
+        logger.exception(
+            "Task %r encountered an exception: %r [attempt %s since %s].",
+            self._func.__name__,
+            exception,
+            attempts,
+            datetime.fromtimestamp(start_time_of_start_limit_interval),
+        )
+        return attempts, start_time_of_start_limit_interval
+
+    def _should_restart_task(
+        self, attempts: int, start_time_of_start_limit_interval: float
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Determine if the task should be restarted."""
+        if not self._restart_on_exception:
+            return False
+
+        if self._start_limit_interval_sec is not None:
+            if (
+                time() - start_time_of_start_limit_interval
+            ) > self._start_limit_interval_sec:
+                # Reset attempts if interval is exceeded
+                start_time_of_start_limit_interval = time()
+                attempts = 1
+            elif attempts > self._start_limit_burst:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Task %r exceeded restart burst limit. Stopping.",
+                    self._func.__name__,
+                )
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        """Stops the running asynchronous task by cancelling it."""
+
+        if self._task:
+            self._task.cancel()

src/pydase/task/task_status.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import enum
+
+
+class TaskStatus(enum.Enum):
+    """Possible statuses of a [`Task`][pydase.task.task.Task]."""
+
+    RUNNING = "running"
+    NOT_RUNNING = "not_running"

src/pydase/units.py

@@ -21,18 +21,20 @@ def convert_to_quantity(
     Convert a given value into a pint.Quantity object with the specified unit.
 
     Args:
-        value (QuantityDict | float | int | Quantity):
+        value:
             The value to be converted into a Quantity object.
+
             - If value is a float or int, it will be directly converted to the specified
               unit.
             - If value is a dict, it must have keys 'magnitude' and 'unit' to represent
               the value and unit.
             - If value is a Quantity object, it will remain unchanged.\n
-        unit (str, optional): The target unit for conversion. If empty and value is not
-            a Quantity object, it will assume a unitless quantity.
+        unit:
+            The target unit for conversion. If empty and value is not a Quantity object,
+            it will assume a unitless quantity.
 
     Returns:
-        Quantity: The converted value as a pint.Quantity object with the specified unit.
+        The converted value as a pint.Quantity object with the specified unit.
 
     Examples:
         >>> convert_to_quantity(5, 'm')
@@ -42,9 +44,9 @@ def convert_to_quantity(
         >>> convert_to_quantity(10.0 * u.units.V)
         <Quantity(10.0, 'volt')>
 
-    Notes:
-        - If unit is not provided and value is a float or int, the resulting Quantity
-          will be unitless.
+    Note:
+        If unit is not provided and value is a float or int, the resulting Quantity will
+        be unitless.
     """
 
     if isinstance(value, int | float):

src/pydase/utils/decorators.py

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ class FunctionDefinitionError(Exception):
 
 
 def frontend(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
-    """
-    Decorator to mark a DataService method for frontend rendering. Ensures that the
-    method does not contain arguments, as they are not supported for frontend rendering.
+    """Decorator to mark a [`DataService`][pydase.DataService] method for frontend
+    rendering. Ensures that the method does not contain arguments, as they are not
+    supported for frontend rendering.
     """
 
     if function_has_arguments(func):

src/pydase/utils/helpers.py

@@ -114,8 +114,6 @@ def get_class_and_instance_attributes(obj: object) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
     If an attribute exists at both the instance and class level,the value from the
     instance attribute takes precedence.
-    The __root__ object is removed as this will lead to endless recursion in the for
-    loops.
     """
 
     return dict(chain(type(obj).__dict__.items(), obj.__dict__.items()))
@@ -162,6 +160,12 @@ def get_object_attr_from_path(target_obj: Any, path: str) -> Any:
     return get_object_by_path_parts(target_obj, path_parts)
 
 
+def get_task_class() -> type:
+    from pydase.task.task import Task
+
+    return Task
+
+
 def get_component_classes() -> list[type]:
     """
     Returns references to the component classes in a list.
@@ -196,3 +200,37 @@ def function_has_arguments(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> bool:
 
     # Check if there are any parameters left which would indicate additional arguments.
     return len(parameters) > 0
+
+
+def is_descriptor(obj: object) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object is a descriptor."""
+
+    # Exclude functions, methods, builtins and properties
+    if (
+        inspect.isfunction(obj)
+        or inspect.ismethod(obj)
+        or inspect.isbuiltin(obj)
+        or isinstance(obj, property)
+    ):
+        return False
+
+    # Check if it has any descriptor methods
+    return any(hasattr(obj, method) for method in ("__get__", "__set__", "__delete__"))
+
+
+def current_event_loop_exists() -> bool:
+    """Check if a running and open asyncio event loop exists in the current thread.
+
+    This checks if an event loop is set via the current event loop policy and verifies
+    that the loop has not been closed.
+
+    Returns:
+        True if an event loop exists and is not closed, False otherwise.
+    """
+
+    import asyncio
+
+    try:
+        return not asyncio.get_running_loop().is_closed()
+    except RuntimeError:
+        return False

src/pydase/utils/logging.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import logging.config
 import sys
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from copy import copy
-from typing import ClassVar, Literal
+from typing import ClassVar, Literal, TextIO
 
 import click
 import socketio  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
@@ -29,22 +29,44 @@ LOGGING_CONFIG = {
             "datefmt": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
         },
     },
+    "filters": {
+        "only_pydase_server": {
+            "()": "pydase.utils.logging.NameFilter",
+            "match": "pydase.server",
+        },
+        "exclude_pydase_server": {
+            "()": "pydase.utils.logging.NameFilter",
+            "match": "pydase.server",
+            "invert": True,
+        },
+    },
     "handlers": {
-        "default": {
+        "stdout_handler": {
+            "formatter": "default",
+            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
+            "stream": "ext://sys.stdout",
+            "filters": ["only_pydase_server"],
+        },
+        "stderr_handler": {
             "formatter": "default",
             "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
             "stream": "ext://sys.stderr",
+            "filters": ["exclude_pydase_server"],
         },
     },
     "loggers": {
-        "pydase": {"handlers": ["default"], "level": LOG_LEVEL, "propagate": False},
+        "pydase": {
+            "handlers": ["stdout_handler", "stderr_handler"],
+            "level": LOG_LEVEL,
+            "propagate": False,
+        },
         "aiohttp_middlewares": {
-            "handlers": ["default"],
+            "handlers": ["stderr_handler"],
             "level": logging.WARNING,
             "propagate": False,
         },
         "aiohttp": {
-            "handlers": ["default"],
+            "handlers": ["stderr_handler"],
             "level": logging.INFO,
             "propagate": False,
         },
@@ -52,6 +74,23 @@ LOGGING_CONFIG = {
 }
 
 
+class NameFilter(logging.Filter):
+    """
+    Logging filter that allows filtering logs based on the logger name.
+    Can either include or exclude a specific logger.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, match: str, invert: bool = False):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.match = match
+        self.invert = invert
+
+    def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool:
+        if self.invert:
+            return not record.name.startswith(self.match)
+        return record.name.startswith(self.match)
+
+
 class DefaultFormatter(logging.Formatter):
     """
     A custom log formatter class that:
@@ -150,3 +189,51 @@ def setup_logging() -> None:
     logger.debug("Configuring pydase logging.")
 
     logging.config.dictConfig(LOGGING_CONFIG)
+
+
+def configure_logging_with_pydase_formatter(
+    name: str | None = None, level: int = logging.INFO, stream: TextIO | None = None
+) -> None:
+    """Configure a logger with the pydase `DefaultFormatter`.
+
+    This sets up a `StreamHandler` with the custom `DefaultFormatter`, which includes
+    timestamp, log level with color (if supported), logger name, function, and line
+    number. It can be used to configure the root logger or any named logger.
+
+    Args:
+        name: The name of the logger to configure. If None, the root logger is used.
+        level: The logging level to set on the logger (e.g., logging.DEBUG,
+            logging.INFO). Defaults to logging.INFO.
+        stream: The output stream for the log messages (e.g., sys.stdout or sys.stderr).
+            If None, defaults to sys.stderr.
+
+    Example:
+        Configure logging in your service:
+
+        ```python
+        import sys
+        from pydase.utils.logging import configure_logging_with_pydase_formatter
+
+        configure_logging_with_pydase_formatter(
+            name="my_service",      # Use the package/module name or None for the root logger
+            level=logging.DEBUG,    # Set the desired logging level (defaults to INFO)
+            stream=sys.stdout       # Set the output stream (stderr by default)
+        )
+        ```
+
+    Notes:
+        - This function adds a new handler each time it's called.
+          Use carefully to avoid duplicate logs.
+        - Colors are enabled if the stream supports TTY (e.g., in terminal).
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    logger = logging.getLogger(name=name)
+    handler = logging.StreamHandler(stream=stream)
+    formatter = DefaultFormatter(
+        fmt="%(asctime)s.%(msecs)03d | %(levelprefix)s | "
+        "%(name)s:%(funcName)s:%(lineno)d - %(message)s",
+        datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+    )
+    handler.setFormatter(formatter)
+    logger.addHandler(handler)
+    logger.setLevel(level)

src/pydase/utils/serialization/deserializer.py

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NoReturn, cast
 import pydase
 import pydase.components
 import pydase.units as u
-from pydase.utils.helpers import get_component_classes
+from pydase.utils.helpers import (
+    get_component_classes,
+)
 from pydase.utils.serialization.types import (
     SerializedDatetime,
     SerializedException,
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class Deserializer:
     @classmethod
     def deserialize(cls, serialized_object: SerializedObject) -> Any:
+        """Deserialize `serialized_object` (a `dict`) to a Python object."""
         type_handler: dict[str | None, None | Callable[..., Any]] = {
             None: None,
             "int": cls.deserialize_primitive,
@@ -48,9 +51,9 @@ class Deserializer:
             return handler(serialized_object)
 
         # Custom types like Components or DataService classes
-        component_class = cls.get_component_class(serialized_object["type"])
-        if component_class:
-            return cls.deserialize_component_type(serialized_object, component_class)
+        service_base_class = cls.get_service_base_class(serialized_object["type"])
+        if service_base_class:
+            return cls.deserialize_data_service(serialized_object, service_base_class)
 
         return None
 
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ class Deserializer:
     def deserialize_list(cls, serialized_object: SerializedObject) -> Any:
         return [
             cls.deserialize(item)
-            for item in cast(list[SerializedObject], serialized_object["value"])
+            for item in cast("list[SerializedObject]", serialized_object["value"])
         ]
 
     @classmethod
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ class Deserializer:
         return {
             key: cls.deserialize(value)
             for key, value in cast(
-                dict[str, SerializedObject], serialized_object["value"]
+                "dict[str, SerializedObject]", serialized_object["value"]
             ).items()
         }
 
@@ -109,11 +112,11 @@ class Deserializer:
         raise exception(serialized_object["value"])
 
     @staticmethod
-    def get_component_class(type_name: str | None) -> type | None:
+    def get_service_base_class(type_name: str | None) -> type | None:
         for component_class in get_component_classes():
             if type_name == component_class.__name__:
                 return component_class
-        if type_name == "DataService":
+        if type_name in ("DataService", "Task"):
             import pydase
 
             return pydase.DataService
@@ -136,7 +139,7 @@ class Deserializer:
         return property(get, set)
 
     @classmethod
-    def deserialize_component_type(
+    def deserialize_data_service(
         cls, serialized_object: SerializedObject, base_class: type
     ) -> Any:
         def create_proxy_class(serialized_object: SerializedObject) -> type:
@@ -145,7 +148,7 @@ class Deserializer:
 
             # Process and add properties based on the serialized object
             for key, value in cast(
-                dict[str, SerializedObject], serialized_object["value"]
+                "dict[str, SerializedObject]", serialized_object["value"]
             ).items():
                 if value["type"] != "method":
                     class_attrs[key] = cls.create_attr_property(value)
@@ -159,4 +162,5 @@ class Deserializer:
 
 
 def loads(serialized_object: SerializedObject) -> Any:
+    """Deserialize `serialized_object` (a `dict`) to a Python object."""
     return Deserializer.deserialize(serialized_object)

src/pydase/utils/serialization/serializer.py

@@ -9,37 +9,41 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, cast
 
 import pydase.units as u
 from pydase.data_service.abstract_data_service import AbstractDataService
-from pydase.data_service.task_manager import TaskStatus
+from pydase.task.task_status import TaskStatus
 from pydase.utils.decorators import render_in_frontend
 from pydase.utils.helpers import (
     get_attribute_doc,
     get_component_classes,
     get_data_service_class_reference,
+    get_task_class,
+    is_property_attribute,
     parse_full_access_path,
     parse_serialized_key,
 )
-from pydase.utils.serialization.types import (
-    DataServiceTypes,
-    SerializedBool,
-    SerializedDataService,
-    SerializedDatetime,
-    SerializedDict,
-    SerializedEnum,
-    SerializedException,
-    SerializedFloat,
-    SerializedInteger,
-    SerializedList,
-    SerializedMethod,
-    SerializedNoneType,
-    SerializedObject,
-    SerializedQuantity,
-    SerializedString,
-    SignatureDict,
-)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Callable
 
+    from pydase.client.proxy_class import ProxyClass
+    from pydase.utils.serialization.types import (
+        DataServiceTypes,
+        SerializedBool,
+        SerializedDataService,
+        SerializedDatetime,
+        SerializedDict,
+        SerializedEnum,
+        SerializedException,
+        SerializedFloat,
+        SerializedInteger,
+        SerializedList,
+        SerializedMethod,
+        SerializedNoneType,
+        SerializedObject,
+        SerializedQuantity,
+        SerializedString,
+        SignatureDict,
+    )
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -52,8 +56,28 @@ class SerializationPathError(Exception):
 
 
 class Serializer:
+    """Serializes objects into
+    [`SerializedObject`][pydase.utils.serialization.types.SerializedObject]
+    representations.
+    """
+
     @classmethod
     def serialize_object(cls, obj: Any, access_path: str = "") -> SerializedObject:  # noqa: C901
+        """Serialize `obj` to a
+        [`SerializedObject`][pydase.utils.serialization.types.SerializedObject].
+
+        Args:
+            obj:
+                Object to be serialized.
+            access_path:
+                String corresponding to the full access path of the object. This will be
+                prepended to the full_access_path in the SerializedObject entries.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary representation of `obj`.
+        """
+        from pydase.client.client import ProxyClass
+
         result: SerializedObject
 
         if isinstance(obj, Exception):
@@ -62,6 +86,9 @@ class Serializer:
         elif isinstance(obj, datetime):
             result = cls._serialize_datetime(obj, access_path=access_path)
 
+        elif isinstance(obj, ProxyClass):
+            result = cls._serialize_proxy_class(obj, access_path=access_path)
+
         elif isinstance(obj, AbstractDataService):
             result = cls._serialize_data_service(obj, access_path=access_path)
 
@@ -226,7 +253,7 @@ class Serializer:
 
         for k, v in sig.parameters.items():
             default_value = cast(
-                dict[str, Any], {} if v.default == inspect._empty else dump(v.default)
+                "dict[str, Any]", {} if v.default == inspect._empty else dump(v.default)
             )
             default_value.pop("full_access_path", None)
             signature["parameters"][k] = {
@@ -261,6 +288,10 @@ class Serializer:
         if component_base_cls:
             obj_type = component_base_cls.__name__  # type: ignore
 
+        elif isinstance(obj, get_task_class()):
+            # Check if obj is a pydase task
+            obj_type = "Task"
+
         # Get the set of DataService class attributes
         data_service_attr_set = set(dir(get_data_service_class_reference()))
         # Get the set of the object attributes
@@ -275,29 +306,15 @@ class Serializer:
             if key.startswith("_"):
                 continue  # Skip attributes that start with underscore
 
-            # Skip keys that start with "start_" or "stop_" and end with an async
-            # method name
-            if key.startswith(("start_", "stop_")) and key.split("_", 1)[1] in {
-                name
-                for name, _ in inspect.getmembers(
-                    obj, predicate=inspect.iscoroutinefunction
-                )
-            }:
-                continue
-
             val = getattr(obj, key)
 
             path = f"{access_path}.{key}" if access_path else key
             serialized_object = cls.serialize_object(val, access_path=path)
 
-            # If there's a running task for this method
-            if serialized_object["type"] == "method" and key in obj._task_manager.tasks:
-                serialized_object["value"] = TaskStatus.RUNNING.name
-
             value[key] = serialized_object
 
             # If the DataService attribute is a property
-            if isinstance(getattr(obj.__class__, key, None), property):
+            if is_property_attribute(obj, key):
                 prop: property = getattr(obj.__class__, key)
                 value[key]["readonly"] = prop.fset is None
                 value[key]["doc"] = get_attribute_doc(prop)  # overwrite the doc
@@ -311,8 +328,28 @@ class Serializer:
             "doc": doc,
         }
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _serialize_proxy_class(
+        cls, obj: ProxyClass, access_path: str = ""
+    ) -> SerializedDataService:
+        # Get serialization value from the remote service and adapt the full_access_path
+        return add_prefix_to_full_access_path(obj.serialize(), access_path)
+
 
 def dump(obj: Any) -> SerializedObject:
+    """Serialize `obj` to a
+    [`SerializedObject`][pydase.utils.serialization.types.SerializedObject].
+
+    The [`Serializer`][pydase.utils.serialization.serializer.Serializer] is used for
+    encoding.
+
+    Args:
+        obj:
+            Object to be serialized.
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary representation of `obj`.
+    """
     return Serializer.serialize_object(obj)
 
 
@@ -321,12 +358,13 @@ def set_nested_value_by_path(
 ) -> None:
     """
     Set a value in a nested dictionary structure, which conforms to the serialization
-    format used by `pydase.utils.serializer.Serializer`, using a dot-notation path.
+    format used by [`Serializer`][pydase.utils.serialization.serializer.Serializer],
+    using a dot-notation path.
 
     Args:
         serialization_dict:
             The base dictionary representing data serialized with
-            `pydase.utils.serializer.Serializer`.
+            [`Serializer`][pydase.utils.serialization.serializer.Serializer].
         path:
             The dot-notation path (e.g., 'attr1.attr2[0].attr3') indicating where to
             set the value.
@@ -334,8 +372,8 @@ def set_nested_value_by_path(
             The new value to set at the specified path.
 
     Note:
-        - If the index equals the length of the list, the function will append the
-          serialized representation of the 'value' to the list.
+        If the index equals the length of the list, the function will append the
+        serialized representation of the 'value' to the list.
     """
 
     path_parts = parse_full_access_path(path)
@@ -347,7 +385,7 @@ def set_nested_value_by_path(
                 current_dict, path_part, allow_append=False
             )
             current_dict = cast(
-                dict[Any, SerializedObject],
+                "dict[Any, SerializedObject]",
                 next_level_serialized_object["value"],
             )
 
@@ -355,7 +393,7 @@ def set_nested_value_by_path(
             current_dict, path_parts[-1], allow_append=True
         )
     except (SerializationPathError, KeyError) as e:
-        logger.error("Error occured trying to change %a: %s", path, e)
+        logger.exception("Error occured trying to change %a: %s", path, e)
         return
 
     if next_level_serialized_object["type"] == "method":  # state change of task
@@ -388,7 +426,7 @@ def get_nested_dict_by_path(
             current_dict, path_part, allow_append=False
         )
         current_dict = cast(
-            dict[Any, SerializedObject],
+            "dict[Any, SerializedObject]",
             next_level_serialized_object["value"],
         )
     return get_container_item_by_key(current_dict, path_parts[-1], allow_append=False)
@@ -418,7 +456,7 @@ def get_or_create_item_in_container(
         return container[key]
     except IndexError:
         if allow_add_key and key == len(container):
-            cast(list[SerializedObject], container).append(
+            cast("list[SerializedObject]", container).append(
                 create_empty_serialized_object()
             )
             return container[key]
@@ -438,26 +476,24 @@ def get_container_item_by_key(
 ) -> SerializedObject:
     """
     Retrieve an item from a container specified by the passed key. Add an item to the
-    container if allow_append is set to True.
+    container if `allow_append` is set to `True`.
 
     If specified keys or indexes do not exist, the function can append new elements to
     dictionaries and to lists if `allow_append` is True and the missing element is
     exactly the next sequential index (for lists).
 
     Args:
-        container: dict[str, SerializedObject] | list[SerializedObject]
+        container:
             The container representing serialized data.
-        key: str
+        key:
             The key name representing the attribute in the dictionary, which may include
             direct keys or indexes (e.g., 'attr_name', '["key"]' or '[0]').
-        allow_append: bool
+        allow_append:
             Flag to allow appending a new entry if the specified index is out of range
             by exactly one position.
 
     Returns:
-        SerializedObject
-            The dictionary or list item corresponding to the specified attribute and
-            index.
+        The dictionary or list item corresponding to the specified attribute and index.
 
     Raises:
         SerializationPathError:
@@ -485,13 +521,12 @@ def get_data_paths_from_serialized_object(  # noqa: C901
     Recursively extracts full access paths from a serialized object.
 
     Args:
-        serialized_obj (SerializedObject):
+        serialized_obj:
             The dictionary representing the serialization of an object. Produced by
             `pydase.utils.serializer.Serializer`.
 
     Returns:
-        list[str]:
-            A list of strings, each representing a full access path in the serialized
+        A list of strings, each representing a full access path in the serialized
             object.
     """
 
@@ -506,7 +541,7 @@ def get_data_paths_from_serialized_object(  # noqa: C901
 
     elif serialized_dict_is_nested_object(serialized_obj):
         for key, value in cast(
-            dict[str, SerializedObject], serialized_obj["value"]
+            "dict[str, SerializedObject]", serialized_obj["value"]
         ).items():
             # Serialized dictionaries need to have a different new_path than nested
             # classes
@@ -532,12 +567,11 @@ def generate_serialized_data_paths(
     Recursively extracts full access paths from a serialized DataService class instance.
 
     Args:
-        data (dict[str, SerializedObject]):
+        data:
             The value of the "value" key of a serialized DataService class instance.
 
     Returns:
-        list[str]:
-            A list of strings, each representing a full access path in the serialized
+        A list of strings, each representing a full access path in the serialized
             object.
     """
 
@@ -551,8 +585,67 @@ def generate_serialized_data_paths(
     return paths
 
 
+def add_prefix_to_full_access_path(
+    serialized_obj: SerializedObject, prefix: str
+) -> Any:
+    """Recursively adds a specified prefix to all full access paths of the serialized
+    object.
+
+    Args:
+        serialized_obj:
+            The serialized object to process.
+        prefix:
+            The prefix string to prepend to each full access path.
+
+    Returns:
+        The modified serialized object with the prefix added to all full access paths.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        >>> serialized_obj = {
+        ...     "full_access_path": "",
+        ...     "value": {
+        ...         "item": {
+        ...             "full_access_path": "some_item_path",
+        ...             "value": 1.0
+        ...         }
+        ...     }
+        ... }
+        ...
+        ... modified_data = add_prefix_to_full_access_path(serialized_obj, 'prefix')
+        {"full_access_path": "prefix", "value": {"item": {"full_access_path":
+        "prefix.some_item_path", "value": 1.0}}}
+        ```
+    """
+
+    try:
+        if serialized_obj.get("full_access_path", None) is not None:
+            serialized_obj["full_access_path"] = (
+                prefix + "." + serialized_obj["full_access_path"]
+                if serialized_obj["full_access_path"] != ""
+                else prefix
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(serialized_obj["value"], list):
+            for value in serialized_obj["value"]:
+                add_prefix_to_full_access_path(cast("SerializedObject", value), prefix)
+
+        elif isinstance(serialized_obj["value"], dict):
+            for value in cast(
+                "dict[str, SerializedObject]", serialized_obj["value"]
+            ).values():
+                add_prefix_to_full_access_path(cast("SerializedObject", value), prefix)
+    except (TypeError, KeyError, AttributeError):
+        # passed dictionary is not a serialized object
+        pass
+    return serialized_obj
+
+
 def serialized_dict_is_nested_object(serialized_dict: SerializedObject) -> bool:
     value = serialized_dict["value"]
     # We are excluding Quantity here as the value corresponding to the "value" key is
     # a dictionary of the form {"magnitude": ..., "unit": ...}
     return serialized_dict["type"] != "Quantity" and (isinstance(value, dict | list))
+
+
+__all__ = ["Serializer", "dump"]

src/pydase/utils/serialization/types.py

@@ -98,7 +98,9 @@ class SerializedException(SerializedObjectBase):
     type: Literal["Exception"]
 
 
-DataServiceTypes = Literal["DataService", "Image", "NumberSlider", "DeviceConnection"]
+DataServiceTypes = Literal[
+    "DataService", "Image", "NumberSlider", "DeviceConnection", "Task"
+]
 
 
 class SerializedDataService(SerializedObjectBase):
@@ -123,3 +125,21 @@ SerializedObject = (
     | SerializedQuantity
     | SerializedNoValue
 )
+"""
+This type can be any of the following:
+
+- SerializedBool
+- SerializedFloat
+- SerializedInteger
+- SerializedString
+- SerializedDatetime
+- SerializedList
+- SerializedDict
+- SerializedNoneType
+- SerializedMethod
+- SerializedException
+- SerializedDataService
+- SerializedEnum
+- SerializedQuantity
+- SerializedNoValue
+"""

tests/client/test_client.py

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ import threading
 from collections.abc import Generator
 from typing import Any
 
-import pydase
 import pytest
+
+import pydase
 from pydase.client.proxy_loader import ProxyAttributeError
 
 
@@ -41,14 +42,18 @@ def pydase_client() -> Generator[pydase.Client, None, Any]:
         def my_method(self, input_str: str) -> str:
             return input_str
 
+        async def my_async_method(self, input_str: str) -> str:
+            return input_str
+
     server = pydase.Server(MyService(), web_port=9999)
     thread = threading.Thread(target=server.run, daemon=True)
     thread.start()
 
-    client = pydase.Client(hostname="localhost", port=9999)
+    client = pydase.Client(url="ws://localhost:9999")
 
     yield client
 
+    client.disconnect()
     server.handle_exit()
     thread.join()
 
@@ -79,6 +84,14 @@ def test_method_execution(pydase_client: pydase.Client) -> None:
         pydase_client.proxy.my_method(kwarg="hello")
 
 
+def test_async_method_execution(pydase_client: pydase.Client) -> None:
+    assert pydase_client.proxy.my_async_method("My return string") == "My return string"
+    assert (
+        pydase_client.proxy.my_async_method(input_str="My return string")
+        == "My return string"
+    )
+
+
 def test_nested_service(pydase_client: pydase.Client) -> None:
     assert pydase_client.proxy.sub_service.name == "SubService"
     pydase_client.proxy.sub_service.name = "New name"
@@ -138,3 +151,27 @@ def test_tab_completion(pydase_client: pydase.Client) -> None:
             "sub_service",
         ]
     )
+
+
+def test_context_manager(pydase_client: pydase.Client) -> None:
+    client = pydase.Client(url="ws://localhost:9999")
+
+    assert client.proxy.connected
+
+    with client:
+        client.proxy.my_property = 1337.01
+        assert client.proxy.my_property == 1337.01
+
+    assert not client.proxy.connected
+
+
+def test_client_id(
+    pydase_client: pydase.Client, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    pydase.Client(url="ws://localhost:9999")
+
+    assert "Client [sid=" in caplog.text
+    caplog.clear()
+
+    pydase.Client(url="ws://localhost:9999", client_id="my_service")
+    assert "Client [id=my_service] connected" in caplog.text

tests/client/test_reconnection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+import socketio.exceptions
+
+import pydase
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+def pydase_restartable_server() -> Generator[
+    tuple[
+        pydase.Server,
+        threading.Thread,
+        pydase.DataService,
+        Callable[
+            [pydase.Server, threading.Thread, pydase.DataService],
+            tuple[pydase.Server, threading.Thread],
+        ],
+    ],
+    None,
+    Any,
+]:
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            super().__init__()
+            self._name = "MyService"
+            self._my_property = 12.1
+
+        @property
+        def my_property(self) -> float:
+            return self._my_property
+
+        @my_property.setter
+        def my_property(self, value: float) -> None:
+            self._my_property = value
+
+        @property
+        def name(self) -> str:
+            return self._name
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    server = pydase.Server(service_instance, web_port=9999)
+    thread = threading.Thread(target=server.run, daemon=True)
+    thread.start()
+
+    def restart(
+        server: pydase.Server,
+        thread: threading.Thread,
+        service_instance: pydase.DataService,
+    ) -> tuple[pydase.Server, threading.Thread]:
+        server.handle_exit()
+        thread.join()
+
+        server = pydase.Server(service_instance, web_port=9999)
+        new_thread = threading.Thread(target=server.run, daemon=True)
+        new_thread.start()
+
+        return server, new_thread
+
+    yield server, thread, service_instance, restart
+
+
+def test_reconnection(
+    pydase_restartable_server: tuple[
+        pydase.Server,
+        threading.Thread,
+        pydase.DataService,
+        Callable[
+            [pydase.Server, threading.Thread, pydase.DataService],
+            tuple[pydase.Server, threading.Thread],
+        ],
+    ],
+) -> None:
+    client = pydase.Client(
+        url="ws://localhost:9999",
+        sio_client_kwargs={
+            "reconnection": False,
+        },
+    )
+    client_2 = pydase.Client(
+        url="ws://localhost:9999",
+        sio_client_kwargs={
+            "reconnection_attempts": 1,
+        },
+    )
+
+    server, thread, service_instance, restart = pydase_restartable_server
+    service_instance._name = "New service name"
+
+    server, thread = restart(server, thread, service_instance)
+
+    with pytest.raises(socketio.exceptions.BadNamespaceError):
+        client.proxy.name
+        client_2.proxy.name
+
+    client.proxy.reconnect()
+    client_2.proxy.reconnect()
+
+    # the service proxies successfully reconnect and get the new service name
+    assert client.proxy.name == "New service name"
+    assert client_2.proxy.name == "New service name"
+
+    server.handle_exit()
+    thread.join()

tests/components/test_device_connection.py

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ import asyncio
 import pydase
 import pydase.components.device_connection
 import pytest
+from pydase.task.autostart import autostart_service_tasks
 from pytest import LogCaptureFixture
 
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio(scope="function")
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="function")
 async def test_reconnection(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
     class MyService(pydase.components.device_connection.DeviceConnection):
         def __init__(
@@ -19,10 +20,9 @@ async def test_reconnection(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
             self._connected = True
 
     service_instance = MyService()
+    autostart_service_tasks(service_instance)
 
     assert service_instance._connected is False
 
-    service_instance._task_manager.start_autostart_tasks()
-
     await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
     assert service_instance._connected is True

tests/data_service/test_data_service.py

@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ def test_unexpected_type_change_warning(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
 
 
 def test_basic_inheritance_warning(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
-    class SubService(DataService):
-        ...
+    class SubService(DataService): ...
 
     class SomeEnum(Enum):
         HI = 0
@@ -57,11 +56,9 @@ def test_basic_inheritance_warning(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
         def name(self) -> str:
             return self._name
 
-        def some_method(self) -> None:
-            ...
+        def some_method(self) -> None: ...
 
-        async def some_task(self) -> None:
-            ...
+        async def some_task(self) -> None: ...
 
     ServiceClass()
 
@@ -129,17 +126,12 @@ def test_exposing_methods(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
                 return "some method"
 
     class ClassWithTask(pydase.DataService):
-        async def some_task(self, sleep_time: int) -> None:
-            pass
+        @frontend
+        def some_method(self) -> str:
+            return "some method"
 
     ClassWithTask()
 
-    assert (
-        "Async function 'some_task' is defined with at least one argument. If you want "
-        "to use it as a task, remove the argument(s) from the function definition."
-        in caplog.text
-    )
-
 
 def test_dynamically_added_attribute(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
     class MyService(DataService):

tests/data_service/test_data_service_cache.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import logging
 
 import pydase
-import pytest
 from pydase.data_service.data_service_observer import DataServiceObserver
 from pydase.data_service.state_manager import StateManager
 
@@ -33,35 +32,3 @@ def test_nested_attributes_cache_callback() -> None:
         ]
         == "Ciao"
     )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio(scope="function")
-async def test_task_status_update() -> None:
-    class ServiceClass(pydase.DataService):
-        name = "World"
-
-        async def my_method(self) -> None:
-            pass
-
-    service_instance = ServiceClass()
-    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
-    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
-
-    assert (
-        state_manager.cache_manager.get_value_dict_from_cache("my_method")["type"]
-        == "method"
-    )
-    assert (
-        state_manager.cache_manager.get_value_dict_from_cache("my_method")["value"]
-        is None
-    )
-
-    service_instance.start_my_method()  # type: ignore
-    assert (
-        state_manager.cache_manager.get_value_dict_from_cache("my_method")["type"]
-        == "method"
-    )
-    assert (
-        state_manager.cache_manager.get_value_dict_from_cache("my_method")["value"]
-        == "RUNNING"
-    )

tests/data_service/test_data_service_observer.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import pydase
 import pytest
 from pydase.data_service.data_service_observer import DataServiceObserver
 from pydase.data_service.state_manager import StateManager
-from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import SerializationError
+from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import SerializationError, dump
 
 logger = logging.getLogger()
 
@@ -146,3 +146,98 @@ def test_private_attribute_does_not_have_to_be_serializable() -> None:
         service_instance.change_publ_attr()
 
     service_instance.change_priv_attr()
+
+
+def test_normalized_attr_path_in_dependent_property_changes(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    class SubService(pydase.DataService):
+        _prop = 10.0
+
+        @property
+        def prop(self) -> float:
+            return self._prop
+
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            super().__init__()
+            self.service_dict = {"one": SubService()}
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service=service_instance)
+    observer = DataServiceObserver(state_manager=state_manager)
+
+    assert observer.property_deps_dict['service_dict["one"]._prop'] == [
+        'service_dict["one"].prop'
+    ]
+
+    # We can use dict key path encoded with double quotes
+    state_manager.set_service_attribute_value_by_path(
+        'service_dict["one"]._prop', dump(11.0)
+    )
+    assert service_instance.service_dict["one"].prop == 11.0
+    assert "'service_dict[\"one\"].prop' changed to '11.0'" in caplog.text
+
+    # We can use dict key path encoded with single quotes
+    state_manager.set_service_attribute_value_by_path(
+        "service_dict['one']._prop", dump(12.0)
+    )
+    assert service_instance.service_dict["one"].prop == 12.0
+    assert "'service_dict[\"one\"].prop' changed to '12.0'" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_nested_dict_property_changes(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    def get_voltage() -> float:
+        """Mocking a remote device."""
+        return 2.0
+
+    def set_voltage(value: float) -> None:
+        """Mocking a remote device."""
+
+    class OtherService(pydase.DataService):
+        _voltage = 1.0
+
+        @property
+        def voltage(self) -> float:
+            # Property dependency _voltage changes within the property itself.
+            # This should be handled gracefully, i.e. not introduce recursion
+            self._voltage = get_voltage()
+            return self._voltage
+
+        @voltage.setter
+        def voltage(self, value: float) -> None:
+            self._voltage = value
+            set_voltage(self._voltage)
+
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            super().__init__()
+            self.my_dict = {"key": OtherService()}
+
+    service = MyService()
+    pydase.Server(service)
+
+    # Changing the _voltage attribute should re-evaluate the voltage property, but avoid
+    # recursion
+    service.my_dict["key"].voltage = 1.2
+
+
+def test_read_only_dict_property(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    class MyObservable(pydase.DataService):
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            super().__init__()
+            self._dict_attr = {"dotted.key": 1.0}
+
+        @property
+        def dict_attr(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+            return self._dict_attr
+
+    service_instance = MyObservable()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service=service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+
+    service_instance._dict_attr["dotted.key"] = 2.0
+
+    assert "'dict_attr[\"dotted.key\"]' changed to '2.0'" in caplog.text

tests/data_service/test_state_manager.py

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
+import asyncio
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
+import anyio
 import pydase
 import pydase.components
 import pydase.units as u
+import pytest
 from pydase.data_service.data_service_observer import DataServiceObserver
 from pydase.data_service.state_manager import (
     StateManager,
@@ -349,4 +352,24 @@ def test_property_load_state(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     assert service_instance.name == "Some other name"
     assert service_instance.not_loadable_attr == "Not loadable"
-    assert not has_load_state_decorator(type(service_instance).property_without_setter)
+    assert not has_load_state_decorator(type(service_instance).property_without_setter)  # type: ignore
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_autosave(tmp_path: Path, caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    filename = tmp_path / "state.json"
+
+    service = Service()
+    manager = StateManager(service=service, filename=filename, autosave_interval=0.1)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager=manager)
+
+    task = asyncio.create_task(manager.autosave())
+    service.property_attr = 198.0
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+    task.cancel()
+
+    assert filename.exists(), "Autosave should write to the file"
+    async with await anyio.open_file(filename) as f:
+        data = json.loads(await f.read())
+
+    assert data["property_attr"]["value"] == service.property_attr

tests/data_service/test_task_manager.py

@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-import asyncio
-import logging
-
-import pydase
-import pytest
-from pydase.data_service.data_service_observer import DataServiceObserver
-from pydase.data_service.state_manager import StateManager
-from pytest import LogCaptureFixture
-
-logger = logging.getLogger("pydase")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio(scope="function")
-async def test_autostart_task_callback(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
-    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
-        def __init__(self) -> None:
-            super().__init__()
-            self._autostart_tasks = {  # type: ignore
-                "my_task": (),  # type: ignore
-                "my_other_task": (),  # type: ignore
-            }
-
-        async def my_task(self) -> None:
-            logger.info("Triggered task.")
-
-        async def my_other_task(self) -> None:
-            logger.info("Triggered other task.")
-
-    # Your test code here
-    service_instance = MyService()
-    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
-    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
-    service_instance._task_manager.start_autostart_tasks()
-
-    assert "'my_task' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'" in caplog.text
-    assert "'my_other_task' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'" in caplog.text
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio(scope="function")
-async def test_DataService_subclass_autostart_task_callback(
-    caplog: LogCaptureFixture,
-) -> None:
-    class MySubService(pydase.DataService):
-        def __init__(self) -> None:
-            super().__init__()
-            self._autostart_tasks = {  # type: ignore
-                "my_task": (),
-                "my_other_task": (),
-            }
-
-        async def my_task(self) -> None:
-            logger.info("Triggered task.")
-
-        async def my_other_task(self) -> None:
-            logger.info("Triggered other task.")
-
-    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
-        sub_service = MySubService()
-
-    service_instance = MyService()
-    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
-    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
-    service_instance._task_manager.start_autostart_tasks()
-
-    assert "'sub_service.my_task' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'" in caplog.text
-    assert "'sub_service.my_other_task' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'" in caplog.text
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio(scope="function")
-async def test_DataService_subclass_list_autostart_task_callback(
-    caplog: LogCaptureFixture,
-) -> None:
-    class MySubService(pydase.DataService):
-        def __init__(self) -> None:
-            super().__init__()
-            self._autostart_tasks = {  # type: ignore
-                "my_task": (),
-                "my_other_task": (),
-            }
-
-        async def my_task(self) -> None:
-            logger.info("Triggered task.")
-
-        async def my_other_task(self) -> None:
-            logger.info("Triggered other task.")
-
-    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
-        sub_services_list = [MySubService() for i in range(2)]
-
-    service_instance = MyService()
-    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
-    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
-    service_instance._task_manager.start_autostart_tasks()
-
-    assert (
-        "'sub_services_list[0].my_task' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'" in caplog.text
-    )
-    assert (
-        "'sub_services_list[0].my_other_task' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
-        in caplog.text
-    )
-    assert (
-        "'sub_services_list[1].my_task' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'" in caplog.text
-    )
-    assert (
-        "'sub_services_list[1].my_other_task' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
-        in caplog.text
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio(scope="function")
-async def test_start_and_stop_task_methods(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
-    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
-        def __init__(self) -> None:
-            super().__init__()
-
-        async def my_task(self) -> None:
-            while True:
-                logger.debug("Logging message")
-                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
-
-    # Your test code here
-    service_instance = MyService()
-    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
-    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
-    service_instance.start_my_task()
-    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
-
-    assert "'my_task' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'" in caplog.text
-    assert "Logging message" in caplog.text
-    caplog.clear()
-
-    service_instance.stop_my_task()
-    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
-    assert "Task 'my_task' was cancelled" in caplog.text

tests/observer_pattern/observable/test_decorators.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import asyncio
 import threading
 
-import pydase
 import pytest
+
+import pydase
 from pydase.observer_pattern.observable.decorators import validate_set
 
 
@@ -17,7 +18,10 @@ def linspace(start: float, stop: float, n: int):
 
 def asyncio_loop_thread(loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
     asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
-    loop.run_forever()
+    try:
+        loop.run_forever()
+    finally:
+        loop.close()
 
 
 def test_validate_set_precision(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
@@ -89,10 +93,10 @@ def test_validate_set_timeout(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
         def value(self, value: float) -> None:
             self.loop.create_task(self.set_value(value))
 
-        async def set_value(self, value) -> None:
+        async def set_value(self, value: float) -> None:
             for i in linspace(self._value, value, 10):
                 self._value = i
-                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
 
     class Service(pydase.DataService):
         def __init__(self) -> None:
@@ -104,7 +108,7 @@ def test_validate_set_timeout(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
             return self._driver.value
 
         @value_1.setter
-        @validate_set(timeout=0.5)
+        @validate_set(timeout=0.01)
         def value_1(self, value: float) -> None:
             self._driver.value = value
 
@@ -113,7 +117,7 @@ def test_validate_set_timeout(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
             return self._driver.value
 
         @value_2.setter
-        @validate_set(timeout=1)
+        @validate_set(timeout=0.11)
         def value_2(self, value: float) -> None:
             self._driver.value = value
 

tests/server/web_server/api/v1/test_endpoints.py

@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ from collections.abc import Generator
 from typing import Any
 
 import aiohttp
-import pydase
 import pytest
 
+import pydase
+from pydase.utils.serialization.deserializer import Deserializer
 
-@pytest.fixture()
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
 def pydase_server() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     class SubService(pydase.DataService):
         name = "SubService"
@@ -40,7 +42,10 @@ def pydase_server() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
             return self._readonly_attr
 
         def my_method(self, input_str: str) -> str:
-            return input_str
+            return f"{input_str}: my_method"
+
+        async def my_async_method(self, input_str: str) -> str:
+            return f"{input_str}: my_async_method"
 
     server = pydase.Server(MyService(), web_port=9998)
     thread = threading.Thread(target=server.run, daemon=True)
@@ -48,6 +53,9 @@ def pydase_server() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
 
     yield
 
+    server.handle_exit()
+    thread.join()
+
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "access_path, expected",
@@ -103,7 +111,7 @@ def pydase_server() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
         ),
     ],
 )
-@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="module")
 async def test_get_value(
     access_path: str,
     expected: dict[str, Any],
@@ -175,12 +183,13 @@ async def test_get_value(
         ),
     ],
 )
-@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="module")
 async def test_update_value(
     access_path: str,
     new_value: dict[str, Any],
     ok: bool,
     pydase_server: pydase.DataService,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
     async with aiohttp.ClientSession("http://localhost:9998") as session:
         resp = await session.put(
@@ -192,3 +201,97 @@ async def test_update_value(
             resp = await session.get(f"/api/v1/get_value?access_path={access_path}")
             content = json.loads(await resp.text())
             assert content == new_value
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "access_path, expected, ok",
+    [
+        (
+            "my_method",
+            "Hello from function: my_method",
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            "my_async_method",
+            "Hello from function: my_async_method",
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            "invalid_method",
+            None,
+            False,
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="module")
+async def test_trigger_method(
+    access_path: str,
+    expected: Any,
+    ok: bool,
+    pydase_server: pydase.DataService,
+) -> None:
+    async with aiohttp.ClientSession("http://localhost:9998") as session:
+        resp = await session.put(
+            "/api/v1/trigger_method",
+            json={
+                "access_path": access_path,
+                "kwargs": {
+                    "full_access_path": "",
+                    "type": "dict",
+                    "value": {
+                        "input_str": {
+                            "docs": None,
+                            "full_access_path": "",
+                            "readonly": False,
+                            "type": "str",
+                            "value": "Hello from function",
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        )
+        assert resp.ok == ok
+
+        if resp.ok:
+            content = Deserializer.deserialize(json.loads(await resp.text()))
+            assert content == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "headers, log_id",
+    [
+        ({}, "id=None"),
+        (
+            {
+                "X-Client-Id": "client-header",
+            },
+            "id=client-header",
+        ),
+        (
+            {
+                "Remote-User": "Remote User",
+            },
+            "user=Remote User",
+        ),
+        (
+            {
+                "X-Client-Id": "client-header",
+                "Remote-User": "Remote User",
+            },
+            "user=Remote User",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="module")
+async def test_client_information_logging(
+    headers: dict[str, str],
+    log_id: str,
+    pydase_server: pydase.DataService,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    async with aiohttp.ClientSession("http://localhost:9998") as session:
+        await session.get(
+            "/api/v1/get_value?access_path=readonly_attr", headers=headers
+        )
+
+    assert log_id in caplog.text

tests/server/web_server/test_sio_setup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+import socketio
+
+import pydase
+from pydase.utils.serialization.deserializer import Deserializer
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def pydase_server() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    class SubService(pydase.DataService):
+        name = "SubService"
+
+    subservice_instance = SubService()
+
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            super().__init__()
+            self._readonly_attr = "MyService"
+            self._my_property = 12.1
+            self.sub_service = SubService()
+            self.list_attr = [1, 2]
+            self.dict_attr = {
+                "foo": subservice_instance,
+                "dotted.key": subservice_instance,
+            }
+
+        @property
+        def my_property(self) -> float:
+            return self._my_property
+
+        @my_property.setter
+        def my_property(self, value: float) -> None:
+            self._my_property = value
+
+        @property
+        def readonly_attr(self) -> str:
+            return self._readonly_attr
+
+        def my_method(self, input_str: str) -> str:
+            return f"{input_str}: my_method"
+
+        async def my_async_method(self, input_str: str) -> str:
+            return f"{input_str}: my_async_method"
+
+    server = pydase.Server(MyService(), web_port=9997)
+    thread = threading.Thread(target=server.run, daemon=True)
+    thread.start()
+
+    yield
+
+    server.handle_exit()
+    thread.join()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "access_path, expected",
+    [
+        (
+            "readonly_attr",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "readonly_attr",
+                "doc": None,
+                "readonly": False,
+                "type": "str",
+                "value": "MyService",
+            },
+        ),
+        (
+            "sub_service.name",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "sub_service.name",
+                "doc": None,
+                "readonly": False,
+                "type": "str",
+                "value": "SubService",
+            },
+        ),
+        (
+            "list_attr[0]",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "list_attr[0]",
+                "doc": None,
+                "readonly": False,
+                "type": "int",
+                "value": 1,
+            },
+        ),
+        (
+            'dict_attr["foo"]',
+            {
+                "full_access_path": 'dict_attr["foo"]',
+                "doc": None,
+                "name": "SubService",
+                "readonly": False,
+                "type": "DataService",
+                "value": {
+                    "name": {
+                        "doc": None,
+                        "full_access_path": 'dict_attr["foo"].name',
+                        "readonly": False,
+                        "type": "str",
+                        "value": "SubService",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="module")
+async def test_get_value(
+    access_path: str,
+    expected: dict[str, Any],
+    pydase_server: None,
+) -> None:
+    client = socketio.AsyncClient()
+    await client.connect(
+        "http://localhost:9997", socketio_path="/ws/socket.io", transports=["websocket"]
+    )
+    response = await client.call("get_value", access_path)
+    assert response == expected
+    await client.disconnect()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "access_path, new_value, ok",
+    [
+        (
+            "sub_service.name",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "sub_service.name",
+                "doc": None,
+                "readonly": False,
+                "type": "str",
+                "value": "New Name",
+            },
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            "list_attr[0]",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "list_attr[0]",
+                "doc": None,
+                "readonly": False,
+                "type": "int",
+                "value": 11,
+            },
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            'dict_attr["foo"].name',
+            {
+                "full_access_path": 'dict_attr["foo"].name',
+                "doc": None,
+                "readonly": False,
+                "type": "str",
+                "value": "foo name",
+            },
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            "readonly_attr",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "readonly_attr",
+                "doc": None,
+                "readonly": True,
+                "type": "str",
+                "value": "Other Name",
+            },
+            False,
+        ),
+        (
+            "invalid_attribute",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "invalid_attribute",
+                "doc": None,
+                "readonly": False,
+                "type": "float",
+                "value": 12.0,
+            },
+            False,
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="module")
+async def test_update_value(
+    access_path: str,
+    new_value: dict[str, Any],
+    ok: bool,
+    pydase_server: None,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    client = socketio.AsyncClient()
+    await client.connect(
+        "http://localhost:9997", socketio_path="/ws/socket.io", transports=["websocket"]
+    )
+    response = await client.call(
+        "update_value",
+        {"access_path": access_path, "value": new_value},
+    )
+
+    if ok:
+        assert response is None
+    else:
+        assert response["type"] == "Exception"
+
+    await client.disconnect()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "access_path, expected, ok",
+    [
+        (
+            "my_method",
+            "Hello from function: my_method",
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            "my_async_method",
+            "Hello from function: my_async_method",
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            "invalid_method",
+            None,
+            False,
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="module")
+async def test_trigger_method(
+    access_path: str,
+    expected: Any,
+    ok: bool,
+    pydase_server: pydase.DataService,
+) -> None:
+    client = socketio.AsyncClient()
+    await client.connect(
+        "http://localhost:9997", socketio_path="/ws/socket.io", transports=["websocket"]
+    )
+    response = await client.call(
+        "trigger_method",
+        {
+            "access_path": access_path,
+            "kwargs": {
+                "full_access_path": "",
+                "type": "dict",
+                "value": {
+                    "input_str": {
+                        "docs": None,
+                        "full_access_path": "",
+                        "readonly": False,
+                        "type": "str",
+                        "value": "Hello from function",
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        },
+    )
+
+    if ok:
+        content = Deserializer.deserialize(response)
+        assert content == expected
+    else:
+        assert response["type"] == "Exception"
+
+    await client.disconnect()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "headers, log_id",
+    [
+        ({}, "sid="),
+        (
+            {
+                "X-Client-Id": "client-header",
+            },
+            "id=client-header",
+        ),
+        (
+            {
+                "Remote-User": "Remote User",
+            },
+            "user=Remote User",
+        ),
+        (
+            {
+                "X-Client-Id": "client-header",
+                "Remote-User": "Remote User",
+            },
+            "user=Remote User",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="module")
+async def test_client_information_logging(
+    headers: dict[str, str],
+    log_id: str,
+    pydase_server: pydase.DataService,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    client = socketio.AsyncClient()
+    await client.connect(
+        "http://localhost:9997",
+        socketio_path="/ws/socket.io",
+        transports=["websocket"],
+        headers=headers,
+    )
+    await client.call("get_value", "readonly_attr")
+
+    assert log_id in caplog.text
+
+    await client.disconnect()

tests/task/test_task.py

@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+import asyncio
+import logging
+
+import pytest
+from pytest import LogCaptureFixture
+
+import pydase
+from pydase.data_service.data_service_observer import DataServiceObserver
+from pydase.data_service.state_manager import StateManager
+from pydase.task.autostart import autostart_service_tasks
+from pydase.task.decorator import task
+from pydase.task.task_status import TaskStatus
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("pydase")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_start_and_stop_task(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task()
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            logger.info("Triggered task.")
+            while True:
+                await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+    # Your test code here
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+
+    autostart_service_tasks(service_instance)
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+    assert service_instance.my_task.status == TaskStatus.NOT_RUNNING
+
+    service_instance.my_task.start()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+    assert service_instance.my_task.status == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+
+    assert "'my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'" in caplog.text
+    assert "Triggered task." in caplog.text
+    caplog.clear()
+
+    service_instance.my_task.stop()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+    assert service_instance.my_task.status == TaskStatus.NOT_RUNNING
+    assert "Task 'my_task' was cancelled" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_autostart_task(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task(autostart=True)
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            logger.info("Triggered task.")
+            while True:
+                await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+    # Your test code here
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+
+    autostart_service_tasks(service_instance)
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+    assert service_instance.my_task.status == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+
+    assert "'my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'" in caplog.text
+
+    service_instance.my_task.stop()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_nested_list_autostart_task(
+    caplog: LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    class MySubService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task(autostart=True)
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            logger.info("Triggered task.")
+            while True:
+                await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        sub_services_list = [MySubService() for i in range(2)]
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+    autostart_service_tasks(service_instance)
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+    assert service_instance.sub_services_list[0].my_task.status == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+    assert service_instance.sub_services_list[1].my_task.status == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_list[0].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_list[1].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+
+    service_instance.sub_services_list[0].my_task.stop()
+    service_instance.sub_services_list[1].my_task.stop()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_nested_dict_autostart_task(
+    caplog: LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    class MySubService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task(autostart=True)
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            logger.info("Triggered task.")
+            while True:
+                await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        sub_services_dict = {"first": MySubService(), "second": MySubService()}
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+
+    autostart_service_tasks(service_instance)
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+    assert (
+        service_instance.sub_services_dict["first"].my_task.status == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+    )
+    assert (
+        service_instance.sub_services_dict["second"].my_task.status
+        == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+    )
+
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_dict[\"first\"].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_dict[\"second\"].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+
+    service_instance.sub_services_dict["first"].my_task.stop()
+    service_instance.sub_services_dict["second"].my_task.stop()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_manual_start_with_multiple_service_instances(
+    caplog: LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    class MySubService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task()
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            logger.info("Triggered task.")
+            while True:
+                await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        sub_services_list = [MySubService() for i in range(2)]
+        sub_services_dict = {"first": MySubService(), "second": MySubService()}
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+
+    autostart_service_tasks(service_instance)
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+    assert (
+        service_instance.sub_services_list[0].my_task.status == TaskStatus.NOT_RUNNING
+    )
+    assert (
+        service_instance.sub_services_list[1].my_task.status == TaskStatus.NOT_RUNNING
+    )
+    assert (
+        service_instance.sub_services_dict["first"].my_task.status
+        == TaskStatus.NOT_RUNNING
+    )
+    assert (
+        service_instance.sub_services_dict["second"].my_task.status
+        == TaskStatus.NOT_RUNNING
+    )
+
+    service_instance.sub_services_list[0].my_task.start()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+    assert service_instance.sub_services_list[0].my_task.status == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_list[0].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_list[1].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_dict[\"first\"].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_dict[\"second\"].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+
+    service_instance.sub_services_list[0].my_task.stop()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+    assert "Task 'my_task' was cancelled" in caplog.text
+    caplog.clear()
+
+    service_instance.sub_services_list[1].my_task.start()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+    assert service_instance.sub_services_list[1].my_task.status == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_list[0].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_list[1].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_dict[\"first\"].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_dict[\"second\"].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+
+    service_instance.sub_services_list[1].my_task.stop()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+    assert "Task 'my_task' was cancelled" in caplog.text
+    caplog.clear()
+
+    service_instance.sub_services_dict["first"].my_task.start()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+    assert (
+        service_instance.sub_services_dict["first"].my_task.status == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_list[0].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_list[1].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_dict[\"first\"].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_dict[\"second\"].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+
+    service_instance.sub_services_dict["first"].my_task.stop()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+    assert "Task 'my_task' was cancelled" in caplog.text
+    caplog.clear()
+
+    service_instance.sub_services_dict["second"].my_task.start()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+    assert (
+        service_instance.sub_services_dict["second"].my_task.status
+        == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_list[0].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_list[1].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_dict[\"first\"].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        not in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert (
+        "'sub_services_dict[\"second\"].my_task.status' changed to 'TaskStatus.RUNNING'"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+
+    service_instance.sub_services_dict["second"].my_task.stop()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+    assert "Task 'my_task' was cancelled" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_restart_on_exception(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task(restart_on_exception=True, restart_sec=0.1)
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            logger.info("Triggered task.")
+            raise Exception("Task failure")
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+    service_instance.my_task.start()
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+    assert "Task 'my_task' encountered an exception" in caplog.text
+    caplog.clear()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+    assert service_instance.my_task.status == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+    assert "Task 'my_task' encountered an exception" in caplog.text
+    assert "Triggered task." in caplog.text
+
+    service_instance.my_task.stop()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_restart_sec(caplog: LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task(restart_on_exception=True, restart_sec=0.1)
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            logger.info("Triggered task.")
+            raise Exception("Task failure")
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+    service_instance.my_task.start()
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.001)
+    assert "Triggered task." in caplog.text
+    caplog.clear()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+    assert "Triggered task." not in caplog.text
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+    assert "Triggered task." in caplog.text  # Ensures the task restarted after 0.2s
+
+    service_instance.my_task.stop()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_exceeding_start_limit_interval_sec_and_burst(
+    caplog: LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task(
+            restart_on_exception=True,
+            restart_sec=0.0,
+            start_limit_interval_sec=1.0,
+            start_limit_burst=2,
+        )
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            raise Exception("Task failure")
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+    service_instance.my_task.start()
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+    assert "Task 'my_task' exceeded restart burst limit" in caplog.text
+    assert service_instance.my_task.status == TaskStatus.NOT_RUNNING
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_non_exceeding_start_limit_interval_sec_and_burst(
+    caplog: LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task(
+            restart_on_exception=True,
+            restart_sec=0.1,
+            start_limit_interval_sec=0.1,
+            start_limit_burst=2,
+        )
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            raise Exception("Task failure")
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+    service_instance.my_task.start()
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+    assert "Task 'my_task' exceeded restart burst limit" not in caplog.text
+    assert service_instance.my_task.status == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+
+    service_instance.my_task.stop()
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_exit_on_failure(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task(restart_on_exception=False, exit_on_failure=True)
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            logger.info("Triggered task.")
+            raise Exception("Critical failure")
+
+    def mock_os_kill(pid: int, signal: int) -> None:
+        logger.critical("os.kill called with signal=%s and pid=%s", signal, pid)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr("os.kill", mock_os_kill)
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+    service_instance.my_task.start()
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+    assert "os.kill called with signal=" in caplog.text
+    assert "Task 'my_task' encountered an exception" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_exit_on_failure_exceeding_rate_limit(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task(
+            restart_on_exception=True,
+            restart_sec=0.0,
+            start_limit_interval_sec=0.1,
+            start_limit_burst=2,
+            exit_on_failure=True,
+        )
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            raise Exception("Critical failure")
+
+    def mock_os_kill(pid: int, signal: int) -> None:
+        logger.critical("os.kill called with signal=%s and pid=%s", signal, pid)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr("os.kill", mock_os_kill)
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+    service_instance.my_task.start()
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+    assert "os.kill called with signal=" in caplog.text
+    assert "Task 'my_task' encountered an exception" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio()
+async def test_gracefully_finishing_task(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    class MyService(pydase.DataService):
+        @task()
+        async def my_task(self) -> None:
+            print("Hello")
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+
+    service_instance = MyService()
+    state_manager = StateManager(service_instance)
+    DataServiceObserver(state_manager)
+    service_instance.my_task.start()
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+    assert service_instance.my_task.status == TaskStatus.RUNNING
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+    assert service_instance.my_task.status == TaskStatus.NOT_RUNNING

tests/test_version.py

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ import toml
 
 def test_project_version() -> None:
     pyproject = toml.load("pyproject.toml")
-    pydase_pyroject_version = pyproject["tool"]["poetry"]["version"]
+    pydase_pyroject_version = pyproject["project"]["version"]
     assert pydase.version.__version__ == pydase_pyroject_version

tests/utils/serialization/test_serializer.py

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-import asyncio
 import enum
 from datetime import datetime
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, ClassVar
 
+import pytest
+
 import pydase
 import pydase.units as u
-import pytest
 from pydase.components.coloured_enum import ColouredEnum
-from pydase.data_service.task_manager import TaskStatus
+from pydase.task.task_status import TaskStatus
 from pydase.utils.decorators import frontend
 from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import (
     SerializationPathError,
-    SerializedObject,
+    add_prefix_to_full_access_path,
     dump,
     generate_serialized_data_paths,
     get_container_item_by_key,
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from pydase.utils.serialization.serializer import (
     serialized_dict_is_nested_object,
     set_nested_value_by_path,
 )
+from pydase.utils.serialization.types import SerializedObject
 
 
 class MyEnum(enum.Enum):
@@ -207,18 +208,16 @@ def test_ColouredEnum_serialize() -> None:
     }
 
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio(scope="module")
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="module")
 async def test_method_serialization() -> None:
     class ClassWithMethod(pydase.DataService):
         def some_method(self) -> str:
             return "some method"
 
         async def some_task(self) -> None:
-            while True:
-                await asyncio.sleep(10)
+            pass
 
     instance = ClassWithMethod()
-    instance.start_some_task()  # type: ignore
 
     assert dump(instance)["value"] == {
         "some_method": {
@@ -234,7 +233,7 @@ async def test_method_serialization() -> None:
         "some_task": {
             "full_access_path": "some_task",
             "type": "method",
-            "value": TaskStatus.RUNNING.name,
+            "value": None,
             "readonly": True,
             "doc": None,
             "async": True,
@@ -254,7 +253,7 @@ def test_methods_with_type_hints() -> None:
     def method_with_type_hint(some_argument: int) -> None:
         pass
 
-    def method_with_union_type_hint(some_argument: int | float) -> None:
+    def method_with_union_type_hint(some_argument: int | float) -> None:  # noqa: PYI041
         pass
 
     assert dump(method_without_type_hint) == {
@@ -1073,3 +1072,156 @@ def test_get_data_paths_from_serialized_object(obj: Any, expected: list[str]) ->
 )
 def test_generate_serialized_data_paths(obj: Any, expected: list[str]) -> None:
     assert generate_serialized_data_paths(dump(obj=obj)["value"]) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "serialized_obj, prefix, expected",
+    [
+        (
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "new_attr",
+                "value": {
+                    "name": {
+                        "full_access_path": "new_attr.name",
+                        "value": "MyService",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "prefix",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "prefix.new_attr",
+                "value": {
+                    "name": {
+                        "full_access_path": "prefix.new_attr.name",
+                        "value": "MyService",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+        ),
+        (
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "new_attr",
+                "value": [
+                    {
+                        "full_access_path": "new_attr[0]",
+                        "value": 1.0,
+                    }
+                ],
+            },
+            "prefix",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "prefix.new_attr",
+                "value": [
+                    {
+                        "full_access_path": "prefix.new_attr[0]",
+                        "value": 1.0,
+                    }
+                ],
+            },
+        ),
+        (
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "new_attr",
+                "value": {
+                    "key": {
+                        "full_access_path": 'new_attr["key"]',
+                        "value": 1.0,
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "prefix",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "prefix.new_attr",
+                "value": {
+                    "key": {
+                        "full_access_path": 'prefix.new_attr["key"]',
+                        "value": 1.0,
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+        ),
+        (
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "new_attr",
+                "value": {"magnitude": 10, "unit": "meter"},
+            },
+            "prefix",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "prefix.new_attr",
+                "value": {"magnitude": 10, "unit": "meter"},
+            },
+        ),
+        (
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "quantity_list",
+                "value": [
+                    {
+                        "full_access_path": "quantity_list[0]",
+                        "value": {"magnitude": 1.0, "unit": "A"},
+                    }
+                ],
+            },
+            "prefix",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "prefix.quantity_list",
+                "value": [
+                    {
+                        "full_access_path": "prefix.quantity_list[0]",
+                        "value": {"magnitude": 1.0, "unit": "A"},
+                    }
+                ],
+            },
+        ),
+        (
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "",
+                "value": {
+                    "dict_attr": {
+                        "type": "dict",
+                        "full_access_path": "dict_attr",
+                        "value": {
+                            "foo": {
+                                "full_access_path": 'dict_attr["foo"]',
+                                "type": "dict",
+                                "value": {
+                                    "some_int": {
+                                        "full_access_path": 'dict_attr["foo"].some_int',
+                                        "type": "int",
+                                        "value": 1,
+                                    },
+                                },
+                            },
+                        },
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "prefix",
+            {
+                "full_access_path": "prefix",
+                "value": {
+                    "dict_attr": {
+                        "type": "dict",
+                        "full_access_path": "prefix.dict_attr",
+                        "value": {
+                            "foo": {
+                                "full_access_path": 'prefix.dict_attr["foo"]',
+                                "type": "dict",
+                                "value": {
+                                    "some_int": {
+                                        "full_access_path": 'prefix.dict_attr["foo"].some_int',
+                                        "type": "int",
+                                        "value": 1,
+                                    },
+                                },
+                            },
+                        },
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_add_prefix_to_full_access_path(
+    serialized_obj: SerializedObject, prefix: str, expected: SerializedObject
+) -> None:
+    assert add_prefix_to_full_access_path(serialized_obj, prefix) == expected