%!PS (but not EPSF; comments have been disabled) %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -D 300 -o features.ps features.dvi %DVIPSParameters: dpi=300, compressed, comments removed %DVIPSSource: TeX output 1995.05.08:1603 /TeXDict 250 dict def TeXDict begin /N{def}def /B{bind def}N /S{exch}N /X{S N}B /TR{translate}N /isls false N /vsize 11 72 mul N /hsize 8.5 72 mul N /landplus90{false}def /@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1} ifelse 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div hsize mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR[matrix currentmatrix{dup dup round sub abs 0.00001 lt{round}if} forall round exch round exch]setmatrix}N /@landscape{/isls true N}B /@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B /FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /nn 0 N /IE 0 N /ctr 0 N /df-tail{ /nn 8 dict N nn begin /FontType 3 N /FontMatrix fntrx N /FontBBox FBB N string /base X array 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o(teger;)i(arithmetic)f(ev)m(aluation)h(\(see)f(Section)h(4.7)d([Shell) k(Arithmetic],)e(page)g(24\))240 2262 y(is)17 b(p)q(erformed)f(when)h (the)g(v)m(ariable)g(is)g(assigned)g(a)f(v)m(alue.)24 b(Using)17 b Fk(+)f Fl(instead)h(of)f Fk(-)g Fl(turns)g(o\013)g(the)240 2324 y(attribute)h(instead.)24 b(When)17 b(used)h(in)f(a)f(function,)i Fk(declare)e Fl(mak)o(es)g Fg(name)s Fl(s)g(lo)q(cal,)i(as)e(with)h (the)240 2386 y Fk(local)d Fl(command.)0 2472 y Fk(enable)360 2534 y(enable)23 b([-n])g([-a])h([)p Fg(name)i Fk(...])240 2608 y Fl(Enable)19 b(and)f(disable)h(builtin)i(shell)e(commands.)28 b(This)19 b(allo)o(ws)f(y)o(ou)f(to)h(use)g(a)f(disk)i(command)240 2670 y(whic)o(h)d(has)f(the)g(same)f(name)h(as)g(a)f(shell)j(builtin.) 22 b(If)15 b Fk(-n)g Fl(is)g(used,)g(the)g Fg(name)s Fl(s)g(b)q(ecome)h(disabled.)p eop 19 20 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l (eatures)1226 b(19)240 183 y(Otherwise)18 b Fg(name)s Fl(s)f(are)g(enabled.)28 b(F)l(or)17 b(example,)h(to)f(use)h(the)f Fk(test)g Fl(binary)h(found)g(via)g Fk($PATH)240 246 y Fl(instead)c(of)f(the)g(shell)i(builtin)g(v)o(ersion,)e(t)o(yp)q(e)h (`)p Fk(enable)g(-n)h(test)p Fl('.)j(The)13 b Fk(-a)g Fl(option)g(means)h(to)e(list)240 308 y(eac)o(h)j(builtin)j(with)d(an)g (indication)j(of)c(whether)i(or)e(not)h(it)h(is)f(enabled.)0 396 y Fk(help)360 459 y(help)23 b([)p Fg(pattern)p Fk(])240 535 y Fl(Displa)o(y)13 b(helpful)i(information)e(ab)q(out)f(builtin)j (commands.)k(If)13 b Fg(pattern)f Fl(is)i(sp)q(eci\014ed,)h Fk(help)d Fl(giv)o(es)240 597 y(detailed)22 b(help)g(on)f(all)h (commands)f(matc)o(hing)f Fg(pattern)p Fl(,)i(otherwise)f(a)f(list)i (of)f(the)f(builtins)j(is)240 659 y(prin)o(ted.)0 748 y Fk(local)360 811 y(local)g Fg(name)s Fk([=)p Fg(v)m(alue)s Fk(])240 886 y Fl(F)l(or)10 b(eac)o(h)g(argumen)o(t,)g(create)h(a)f(lo) q(cal)h(v)m(ariable)h(called)g Fg(name)p Fl(,)f(and)f(giv)o(e)h(it)g Fg(v)m(alue)p Fl(.)19 b Fk(local)10 b Fl(can)g(only)240 948 y(b)q(e)18 b(used)f(within)i(a)d(function;)j(it)e(mak)o(es)f(the)i (v)m(ariable)g Fg(name)i Fl(ha)o(v)o(e)c(a)h(visible)i(scop)q(e)f (restricted)240 1010 y(to)d(that)f(function)i(and)f(its)h(c)o(hildren.) 0 1099 y Fk(type)360 1162 y(type)23 b([-all])g([-type)g(|)h(-path])f([) p Fg(name)k Fk(...])240 1237 y Fl(F)l(or)15 b(eac)o(h)g Fg(name)p Fl(,)g(indicate)h(ho)o(w)f(it)h(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)h(in)o (terpreted)g(if)f(used)h(as)f(a)g(command)g(name.)240 1313 y(If)e(the)g Fk(-type)g Fl(\015ag)f(is)i(used,)f Fk(type)g Fl(returns)g(a)f(single)j(w)o(ord)d(whic)o(h)i(is)f(one)g(of) g(\\alias",)g(\\function",)240 1375 y(\\builtin",)i(\\\014le")f(or)g (\\k)o(eyw)o(ord",)e(if)i Fg(name)i Fl(is)e(an)g(alias,)g(shell)h (function,)g(shell)g(builtin,)h(disk)e(\014le,)240 1437 y(or)h(shell)h(reserv)o(ed)g(w)o(ord,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)l(.)240 1512 y(If)j(the)g Fk(-path)g Fl(\015ag)f(is)i(used,)g Fk(type)e Fl(either)i(returns)f(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g(disk)g(\014le)i (that)d(w)o(ould)h(b)q(e)240 1575 y(executed,)f(or)e(nothing)i(if)g Fk(-type)e Fl(w)o(ould)i(not)f(return)g(\\\014le".)240 1650 y(If)f(the)g Fk(-all)g Fl(\015ag)f(is)i(used,)f(returns)g(all)h (of)f(the)g(places)g(that)g(con)o(tain)g(an)g(executable)h(named)f Fg(\014le)p Fl(.)240 1712 y(This)i(includes)h(aliases)f(and)g (functions,)f(if)h(and)f(only)h(if)g(the)f Fk(-path)f Fl(\015ag)h(is)h(not)f(also)g(used.)240 1788 y Fk(Type)g Fl(accepts)g Fk(-a)p Fl(,)f Fk(-t)p Fl(,)h(and)g Fk(-p)g Fl(as)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)i(to)d Fk(-all)p Fl(,)h Fk(-type)p Fl(,)f(and)h Fk(-path)p Fl(,)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)l(.)0 1876 y Fk(ulimit)360 1939 y(ulimit)23 b([-acdmstfpnuvSH])f([)p Fg(limit)q Fk(])240 2015 y(Ulimit)15 b Fl(pro)o(vides)i(con)o(trol)f(o) o(v)o(er)f(the)i(resources)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(to)d(pro)q(cesses)i (started)e(b)o(y)h(the)h(shell,)240 2077 y(on)e(systems)g(that)f(allo)o (w)i(suc)o(h)f(con)o(trol.)20 b(If)15 b(an)g(option)h(is)g(giv)o(en,)f (it)g(is)h(in)o(terpreted)g(as)f(follo)o(ws:)240 2165 y Fk(-S)192 b Fl(c)o(hange)16 b(and)g(rep)q(ort)g(the)g(soft)f(limit)i (asso)q(ciated)f(with)h(a)e(resource)h(\(the)g(default)g(if)480 2228 y(the)f Fk(-H)g Fl(option)h(is)f(not)g(giv)o(en\).)240 2316 y Fk(-H)192 b Fl(c)o(hange)15 b(and)h(rep)q(ort)f(the)g(hard)g (limit)i(asso)q(ciated)e(with)h(a)e(resource.)240 2405 y Fk(-a)192 b Fl(all)16 b(curren)o(t)f(limits)i(are)e(rep)q(orted.)240 2493 y Fk(-c)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(size)i(of)d(core)h(\014les) i(created.)240 2582 y Fk(-d)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(size)i(of)d (a)h(pro)q(cess's)g(data)g(segmen)o(t.)240 2670 y Fk(-m)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(residen)o(t)h(set)f(size.)p eop 20 21 bop 0 -58 a Fl(20)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240 183 y Fk(-s)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(stac)o(k)g(size.)240 268 y Fk(-t)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(amoun)o(t)g(of)g(cpu)g(time) h(in)g(seconds.)240 353 y Fk(-f)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(size)i (of)d(\014les)i(created)g(b)o(y)f(the)g(shell.)240 438 y Fk(-p)192 b Fl(the)15 b(pip)q(e)i(bu\013er)e(size.)240 523 y Fk(-n)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(op)q (en)h(\014le)g(descriptors.)240 608 y Fk(-u)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(pro)q(cesses)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)i (to)e(a)g(single)h(user.)240 693 y Fk(-v)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(amoun)o(t)g(of)g(virtual)g(memory)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)i (to)d(the)i(pro)q(cess.)240 778 y(If)i Fg(limit)i Fl(is)e(giv)o(en,)g (it)g(is)g(the)f(new)h(v)m(alue)h(of)e(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)j (resource.)27 b(Otherwise,)18 b(the)g(curren)o(t)240 841 y(v)m(alue)h(of)d(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(resource)f(is)f(prin)o (ted.)27 b(If)18 b(no)f(option)h(is)g(giv)o(en,)f(then)h(`)p Fk(-f)p Fl(')e(is)i(assumed.)240 903 y(V)l(alues)f(are)e(in)i(1024-b)o (yte)d(incremen)o(ts,)i(except)h(for)e(`)p Fk(-t)p Fl(',)f(whic)o(h)j (is)f(in)h(seconds,)e(`)p Fk(-p)p Fl(',)g(whic)o(h)h(is)240 965 y(in)g(units)g(of)f(512-b)o(yte)f(blo)q(c)o(ks,)i(and)f(`)p Fk(-n)p Fl(')f(and)h(`)p Fk(-u)p Fl(',)f(whic)o(h)i(are)f(unscaled)i(v) m(alues.)0 1185 y Fj(4.5)33 b(The)15 b(Set)g(Builtin)62 1322 y Fl(This)h(builtin)i(is)d(so)g(o)o(v)o(erloaded)g(that)g(it)g (deserv)o(es)h(its)f(o)o(wn)g(section.)0 1470 y Fk(set)360 1531 y(set)23 b([-abefhkmnptuvxldCHP])e([-o)j Fg(option)p Fk(])g([)p Fg(argumen)o(t)g Fk(...])240 1616 y(-a)192 b Fl(Mark)14 b(v)m(ariables)j(whic)o(h)f(are)f(mo)q(di\014ed)h(or)f (created)g(for)g(exp)q(ort.)240 1701 y Fk(-b)192 b Fl(Cause)19 b(the)g(status)f(of)g(terminated)h(bac)o(kground)g(jobs)g(to)f(b)q(e)h (rep)q(orted)g(immedi-)480 1764 y(ately)l(,)c(rather)g(than)g(b)q (efore)g(prin)o(ting)h(the)g(next)f(primary)g(prompt.)240 1849 y Fk(-e)192 b Fl(Exit)15 b(immediately)i(if)f(a)f(command)g(exits) g(with)h(a)f(non-zero)g(status.)240 1934 y Fk(-f)192 b Fl(Disable)16 b(\014le)g(name)g(generation)f(\(globbing\).)240 2019 y Fk(-h)192 b Fl(Lo)q(cate)19 b(and)h(remem)o(b)q(er)f(\(hash\))f (commands)h(as)g(functions)h(are)e(de\014ned,)k(rather)480 2081 y(than)15 b(when)h(the)f(function)h(is)g(executed.)240 2166 y Fk(-k)192 b Fl(All)16 b(k)o(eyw)o(ord)d(argumen)o(ts)h(are)g (placed)i(in)f(the)g(en)o(vironmen)o(t)f(for)g(a)g(command,)g(not)480 2228 y(just)h(those)g(that)f(precede)j(the)e(command)g(name.)240 2313 y Fk(-m)192 b Fl(Job)15 b(con)o(trol)g(is)h(enabled)h(\(see)e (Chapter)g(5)g([Job)g(Con)o(trol],)f(page)h(29\).)240 2398 y Fk(-n)192 b Fl(Read)16 b(commands)f(but)g(do)g(not)g(execute)h (them.)240 2472 y Fk(-o)f Fg(option-name)480 2534 y Fl(Set)g(the)h (\015ag)e(corresp)q(onding)j(to)d Fg(option-name)s Fl(:)480 2608 y Fk(allexport)720 2670 y Fl(same)h(as)g Fk(-a)p Fl(.)p eop 21 22 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l (eatures)1226 b(21)480 183 y Fk(braceexpand)720 246 y Fl(the)16 b(shell)i(will)g(p)q(erform)e(brace)g(expansion)h(\(see)f (Section)h(2.2)e([Brace)720 308 y(Expansion],)g(page)g(7\).)480 396 y Fk(emacs)120 b Fl(use)15 b(an)g(emacs-st)o(yle)h(line)g(editing)h (in)o(terface)e(\(see)g(Chapter)g(7)g([Com-)720 458 y(mand)g(Line)i (Editing],)e(page)g(37\).)480 547 y Fk(errexit)72 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-e)p Fl(.)480 622 y Fk(histexpand)720 685 y Fl(same)g(as)g Fk(-H)p Fl(.)480 760 y Fk(ignoreeof)720 822 y Fl(the)g(shell)i(will)g(not)e(exit)g(up)q(on)h(reading)g(EOF.)480 898 y Fk(interactive-comments)720 960 y Fl(allo)o(w)h(a)g(w)o(ord)g(b)q (eginning)i(with)f(a)e(`)p Fk(#)p Fl(')h(to)f(cause)i(that)e(w)o(ord)h (and)g(all)720 1022 y(remaining)11 b(c)o(haracters)f(on)g(that)f(line)j (to)e(b)q(e)h(ignored)f(in)h(an)g(in)o(teractiv)o(e)720 1084 y(shell.)480 1173 y Fk(monitor)72 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-m)p Fl(.)480 1248 y Fk(noclobber)720 1310 y Fl(same)g(as)g Fk(-C)p Fl(.)480 1399 y Fk(noexec)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-n)p Fl(.)480 1487 y Fk(noglob)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-f)p Fl(.)480 1576 y Fk(nohash)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-d)p Fl(.)480 1664 y Fk(notify)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-b)p Fl(.)480 1753 y Fk(nounset)72 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-u)p Fl(.)480 1841 y Fk(physical)48 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-P)p Fl(.)480 1930 y Fk(posix)120 b Fl(c)o(hange)11 b(the)h(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(of)g(Bash)h(where)f(the)g(default)h(op)q (eration)g(di\013ers)720 1992 y(from)17 b(the)g(P)o(osix)g(1003.2)f (standard)h(to)f(matc)o(h)h(the)h(standard.)25 b(This)720 2054 y(is)19 b(in)o(tended)g(to)f(mak)o(e)g(Bash)g(b)q(eha)o(v)o(e)g (as)g(a)g(strict)g(sup)q(erset)h(of)f(that)720 2116 y(standard.)480 2192 y Fk(privileged)720 2254 y Fl(same)d(as)g Fk(-p)p Fl(.)480 2342 y Fk(verbose)72 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-v)p Fl(.)480 2431 y Fk(vi)192 b Fl(use)16 b(a)e Fk(vi)p Fl(-st)o(yle)i (line)g(editing)h(in)o(terface.)480 2519 y Fk(xtrace)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-x)p Fl(.)240 2608 y Fk(-p)192 b Fl(T)l(urn)14 b(on)g(privileged)j(mo)q(de.)j(In)14 b(this)h(mo)q(de,)f(the)g Fk($ENV)g Fl(\014le)h(is)f(not)g(pro)q (cessed,)h(and)480 2670 y(shell)21 b(functions)g(are)f(not)f(inherited) j(from)d(the)h(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)34 b(This)20 b(is)g(enabled)p eop 22 23 bop 0 -58 a Fl(22)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)480 183 y(automatically)g(on)f(startup)f(if)i(the)f(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(user)h (\(group\))e(id)i(is)g(not)e(equal)i(to)f(the)480 246 y(real)j(user)g(\(group\))e(id.)25 b(T)l(urning)18 b(this)f(option)g (o\013)f(causes)g(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(user)g(and)480 308 y(group)e(ids)h(to)e(b)q(e)i(set)f(to)g(the)g(real)h(user)f(and)g (group)g(ids.)240 396 y Fk(-t)192 b Fl(Exit)15 b(after)g(reading)h(and) f(executing)h(one)g(command.)240 485 y Fk(-u)192 b Fl(T)l(reat)15 b(unset)g(v)m(ariables)i(as)d(an)i(error)e(when)i(substituting.)240 573 y Fk(-v)192 b Fl(Prin)o(t)15 b(shell)i(input)f(lines)h(as)e(they)g (are)g(read.)240 661 y Fk(-x)192 b Fl(Prin)o(t)15 b(commands)g(and)h (their)f(argumen)o(ts)g(as)f(they)i(are)f(executed.)240 750 y Fk(-l)192 b Fl(Sa)o(v)o(e)15 b(and)g(restore)g(the)g(binding)i (of)e(the)g Fg(name)j Fl(in)e(a)f Fk(for)g Fl(command.)240 838 y Fk(-d)192 b Fl(Disable)18 b(the)f(hashing)h(of)f(commands)f(that) h(are)f(lo)q(ok)o(ed)i(up)f(for)g(execution.)26 b(Nor-)480 900 y(mally)l(,)15 b(commands)g(are)f(remem)o(b)q(ered)h(in)h(a)e(hash) h(table,)f(and)h(once)g(found,)g(do)f(not)480 963 y(ha)o(v)o(e)h(to)f (b)q(e)i(lo)q(ok)o(ed)g(up)g(again.)240 1051 y Fk(-C)192 b Fl(Disallo)o(w)16 b(output)f(redirection)h(to)f(existing)h(\014les.) 240 1140 y Fk(-H)192 b Fl(Enable)16 b(!)k(st)o(yle)15 b(history)g(substitution.)21 b(This)16 b(\015ag)f(is)h(on)f(b)o(y)g (default.)240 1228 y Fk(-P)192 b Fl(If)14 b(set,)g(do)g(not)g(follo)o (w)g(sym)o(b)q(olic)h(links)h(when)f(p)q(erforming)f(commands)g(suc)o (h)h(as)e Fk(cd)480 1290 y Fl(whic)o(h)h(c)o(hange)f(the)g(curren)o(t)g (directory)l(.)20 b(The)13 b(ph)o(ysical)i(directory)e(is)h(used)g (instead.)240 1379 y Fk(--)192 b Fl(If)16 b(no)f(argumen)o(ts)f(follo)o (w)i(this)f(\015ag,)g(then)h(the)f(p)q(ositional)i(parameters)d(are)h (unset.)480 1441 y(Otherwise,)e(the)e(p)q(ositional)i(parameters)e(are) g(set)h(to)f(the)g Fg(argumen)o(ts)p Fl(,)g(ev)o(en)h(if)g(some)480 1503 y(of)j(them)g(b)q(egin)h(with)g(a)f Fk(-)p Fl(.)240 1592 y Fk(-)216 b Fl(Signal)15 b(the)g(end)f(of)g(options,)g(cause)h (all)g(remaining)g Fg(argumen)o(ts)g Fl(to)f(b)q(e)h(assigned)g(to)480 1654 y(the)h(p)q(ositional)h(parameters.)22 b(The)16 b Fk(-x)f Fl(and)i Fk(-v)e Fl(options)h(are)g(turned)g(o\013.)22 b(If)16 b(there)480 1716 y(are)f(no)g(argumen)o(ts,)f(the)h(p)q (ositional)i(parameters)d(remain)i(unc)o(hanged.)240 1805 y(Using)21 b(`)p Fk(+)p Fl(')e(rather)g(than)h(`)p Fk(-)p Fl(')f(causes)h(these)h(\015ags)e(to)h(b)q(e)g(turned)h(o\013.) 33 b(The)21 b(\015ags)e(can)h(also)g(b)q(e)240 1867 y(used)e(up)q(on)g (in)o(v)o(o)q(cation)g(of)f(the)g(shell.)28 b(The)17 b(curren)o(t)h(set)f(of)g(\015ags)f(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)h(found)g(in)g Fk($-)p Fl(.)26 b(The)240 1929 y(remaining)14 b(N)f Fg(argumen)o(ts)h Fl(are)f(p)q(ositional)h(parameters)e(and)i(are)e(assigned,)i(in)g (order,)f(to)f Fk($1)p Fl(,)h Fk($2)p Fl(,)240 1991 y(..)19 b Fk($N)p Fl(.)h(If)15 b(no)h(argumen)o(ts)e(are)h(giv)o(en,)g(all)h (shell)h(v)m(ariables)g(are)d(prin)o(ted.)0 2221 y Fj(4.6)33 b(Bash)14 b(V)-6 b(ariables)62 2359 y Fl(These)16 b(v)m(ariables)g(are) f(set)g(or)g(used)h(b)o(y)f(bash,)g(but)g(other)g(shells)i(do)e(not)g (normally)g(treat)g(them)g(sp)q(ecially)l(.)0 2496 y Fk(HISTCONTROL)0 2545 y(history_control)240 2608 y Fl(Set)i(to)g(a)g(v) m(alue)h(of)f(`)p Fk(ignorespace)p Fl(',)e(it)j(means)f(don't)g(en)o (ter)g(lines)i(whic)o(h)f(b)q(egin)g(with)g(a)f(space)240 2670 y(or)f(tab)f(in)o(to)h(the)h(history)f(list.)23 b(Set)16 b(to)g(a)g(v)m(alue)h(of)f(`)p Fk(ignoredups)p Fl(',)d(it)k(means)f(don't)f(en)o(ter)h(lines)p eop 23 24 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l (eatures)1226 b(23)240 183 y(whic)o(h)16 b(matc)o(h)f(the)g(last)g(en)o (tered)g(line.)22 b(A)15 b(v)m(alue)h(of)f(`)p Fk(ignoreboth)p Fl(')e(com)o(bines)j(the)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(options.)240 246 y(Unset,)f(or)f(set)g(to)g(an)o(y)h(other)f(v)m(alue)i(than)e(those)h (ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)f(means)h(to)f(sa)o(v)o(e)g(all)h(lines)i(on)d(the)h (history)240 308 y(list.)0 398 y Fk(HISTFILE)48 b Fl(The)15 b(name)h(of)e(the)i(\014le)g(to)e(whic)o(h)j(the)e(command)g(history)g (is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed.)0 488 y Fk(HISTSIZE)48 b Fl(If)15 b(set,)g(this)h(is)f(the)h(maxim)o(um)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g (commands)g(to)g(remem)o(b)q(er)g(in)h(the)f(history)l(.)0 564 y Fk(histchars)240 627 y Fl(Up)j(to)g(three)g(c)o(haracters)g(whic) o(h)h(con)o(trol)e(history)h(expansion,)i(quic)o(k)f(substitution,)g (and)f(tok-)240 689 y(enization)j(\(see)e(Section)i(6.1)e([History)g (In)o(teraction],)h(page)f(33\).)33 b(The)20 b(\014rst)f(c)o(haracter)g (is)h(the)240 751 y Fg(history-expansion-c)o(har)p Fl(,)d(that)e(is,)i (the)f(c)o(haracter)f(whic)o(h)i(signi\014es)g(the)g(start)d(of)i(a)g (history)g(ex-)240 814 y(pansion,)23 b(normally)f(`)p Fk(!)p Fl('.)37 b(The)21 b(second)h(c)o(haracter)e(is)i(the)f(c)o (haracter)g(whic)o(h)h(signi\014es)h(`quic)o(k)240 876 y(substitution')d(when)h(seen)f(as)g(the)g(\014rst)g(c)o(haracter)f(on) h(a)g(line,)i(normally)f(`)p Fk(^)p Fl('.)33 b(The)20 b(optional)240 938 y(third)15 b(c)o(haracter)f(is)h(the)f(c)o(haracter) g(whic)o(h)h(signi\014es)h(the)f(remainder)g(of)f(the)h(line)h(is)f(a)f (commen)o(t,)240 1000 y(when)f(found)f(as)g(the)g(\014rst)g(c)o (haracter)f(of)h(a)g(w)o(ord,)f(usually)j(`)p Fk(#)p Fl('.)k(The)12 b(history)g(commen)o(t)g(c)o(haracter)240 1063 y(causes)k(history)g(substitution)g(to)f(b)q(e)h(skipp)q(ed)i(for) d(the)h(remaining)h(w)o(ords)d(on)i(the)g(line.)23 b(It)16 b(do)q(es)240 1125 y(not)f(necessarily)h(cause)g(the)f(shell)i(parser)e (to)f(treat)h(the)g(rest)g(of)f(the)i(line)h(as)d(a)h(commen)o(t.)0 1215 y Fk(HISTCMD)72 b Fl(The)16 b(history)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(or)h (index)h(in)f(the)g(history)g(list,)g(of)f(the)h(curren)o(t)g(command.) 21 b(If)16 b Fk(HISTCMD)240 1277 y Fl(is)g(unset,)f(it)g(loses)h(its)f (sp)q(ecial)i(prop)q(erties,)f(ev)o(en)f(if)h(it)f(is)h(subsequen)o (tly)h(reset.)0 1354 y Fk(hostname_completion_file)0 1416 y(HOSTFILE)48 b Fl(Con)o(tains)17 b(the)h(name)g(of)f(a)h(\014le)h (in)f(the)g(same)f(format)g(as)g(`)p Fk(/etc/hosts)p Fl(')f(that)h(should)i(b)q(e)f(read)240 1478 y(when)g(the)g(shell)i (needs)f(to)e(complete)i(a)e(hostname.)28 b(Y)l(ou)18 b(can)g(c)o(hange)g(the)g(\014le)h(in)o(teractiv)o(ely;)240 1540 y(the)c(next)h(time)g(y)o(ou)f(attempt)f(to)h(complete)h(a)f (hostname,)g(Bash)g(will)i(add)f(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)g(the)240 1603 y(new)g(\014le)i(to)d(the)i(already)f(existing)h(database.)0 1679 y Fk(MAILCHECK)240 1741 y Fl(Ho)o(w)k(often)g(\(in)h(seconds\))f (that)g(the)g(shell)i(should)f(c)o(hec)o(k)g(for)f(mail)h(in)g(the)f (\014les)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(in)240 1803 y Fk(MAILPATH)p Fl(.)0 1880 y Fk(PROMPT_COMMAND)240 1942 y Fl(If)15 b(presen)o(t,)g (this)g(con)o(tains)g(a)g(string)g(whic)o(h)h(is)f(a)g(command)f(to)h (execute)g(b)q(efore)h(the)f(prin)o(ting)g(of)240 2004 y(eac)o(h)g(primary)h(prompt)e(\()p Fk($PS1)p Fl(\).)0 2094 y Fk(UID)168 b Fl(The)15 b(n)o(umeric)i(real)e(user)g(id)h(of)f (the)g(curren)o(t)h(user.)0 2185 y Fk(EUID)144 b Fl(The)15 b(n)o(umeric)i(e\013ectiv)o(e)e(user)g(id)h(of)f(the)g(curren)o(t)h (user.)0 2275 y Fk(HOSTTYPE)48 b Fl(A)15 b(string)g(describing)i(the)f (mac)o(hine)g(Bash)f(is)h(running)g(on.)0 2365 y Fk(OSTYPE)96 b Fl(A)15 b(string)g(describing)i(the)f(op)q(erating)f(system)g(Bash)g (is)h(running)g(on.)0 2455 y Fk(FIGNORE)72 b Fl(A)14 b(colon-separated)h(list)g(of)f(su\016xes)g(to)g(ignore)g(when)h(p)q (erforming)g(\014lename)g(completion)h(A)e(\014le)240 2518 y(name)j(whose)h(su\016x)f(matc)o(hes)g(one)g(of)g(the)h(en)o (tries)f(in)i Fk(FIGNORE)d Fl(is)i(excluded)h(from)e(the)g(list)h(of) 240 2580 y(matc)o(hed)d(\014le)h(names.)k(A)15 b(sample)h(v)m(alue)h (is)e(`)p Fk(.o:~)p Fl(')0 2670 y Fk(INPUTRC)72 b Fl(The)15 b(name)h(of)e(the)i(Readline)h(startup)e(\014le,)h(o)o(v)o(erriding)f (the)g(default)h(of)f(`)p Fk(~/.inputrc)p Fl('.)p eop 24 25 bop 0 -58 a Fl(24)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 183 y Fk(BASH_VERSION)240 246 y Fl(The)g(v)o(ersion)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f 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Fl(See)12 b(also)e(the)i(description)g(of)e (the)i Fk(-P)e Fl(option)h(to)g(the)g Fk(set)f Fl(builtin,)k(Section)e (4.5)e([The)g(Set)h(Builtin],)240 1795 y(page)k(20.)0 2010 y Fj(4.7)33 b(Shell)16 b(Arithmetic)0 2209 y Ff(4.7.1)30 b(Arithmetic)16 b(Ev)m(aluation)62 2346 y Fl(The)f(shell)g(allo)o(ws)f (arithmetic)h(expressions)g(to)e(b)q(e)i(ev)m(aluated,)g(as)e(one)h(of) g(the)g(shell)i(expansions)e(or)g(b)o(y)g(the)0 2408 y Fk(let)h Fl(builtin.)62 2545 y(Ev)m(aluation)i(is)g(done)f(in)h(long) f(in)o(tegers)g(with)g(no)g(c)o(hec)o(k)g(for)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w,)e (though)i(division)i(b)o(y)e(0)f(is)i(trapp)q(ed)0 2608 y(and)g(\015agged)f(as)g(an)h(error.)23 b(The)17 b(follo)o(wing)g(list) h(of)e(op)q(erators)g(is)h(group)q(ed)g(in)o(to)f(lev)o(els)i(of)e (equal-precedence)0 2670 y(op)q(erators.)j(The)c(lev)o(els)i(are)e (listed)h(in)g(order)f(of)g(decreasing)h(precedence.)p eop 25 26 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l (eatures)1226 b(25)0 183 y Fk(-)15 b(+)177 b Fl(unary)15 b(min)o(us)h(and)f(plus)0 271 y Fk(!)g(~)177 b Fl(logical)16 b(and)g(bit)o(wise)g(negation)0 359 y Fk(*)f(/)g(\045)138 b Fl(m)o(ultiplication,)17 b(division,)g(remainder)0 447 y Fk(+)e(-)177 b Fl(addition,)16 b(subtraction)0 535 y Fk(<<)f(>>)129 b Fl(left)16 b(and)f(righ)o(t)g(bit)o(wise)h (shifts)0 622 y Fk(<=)f(>=)g(<)g(>)51 b Fl(comparison)0 710 y Fk(==)15 b(!=)129 b Fl(equalit)o(y)16 b(and)f(inequalit)o(y)0 798 y Fk(&)216 b Fl(bit)o(wise)16 b(AND)0 886 y Fk(^)216 b Fl(bit)o(wise)16 b(exclusiv)o(e)h(OR)0 974 y Fk(|)216 b Fl(bit)o(wise)16 b(OR)0 1062 y Fk(&&)192 b Fl(logical)16 b(AND)0 1149 y Fk(||)192 b Fl(logical)16 b(OR)0 1225 y Fk(=)f(*=)g(/=)g(\045=)g(+=)g(-=)f(<<=)h(>>=)g(&=)g(^=)g(|=)240 1287 y Fl(assignmen)o(t)62 1437 y(Shell)h(v)m(ariables)e(are)f(allo)o (w)o(ed)h(as)f(op)q(erands;)h(parameter)e(expansion)j(is)e(p)q (erformed)h(b)q(efore)g(the)f(expression)0 1499 y(is)k(ev)m(aluated.)26 b(The)17 b(v)m(alue)i(of)d(a)h(parameter)f(is)h(co)q(erced)h(to)e(a)h 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Fl(k)o(ey)l(.)62 1528 y(The)h(text)e Fk(M-C-K)g Fl(is)i(read)f(as)f(`Meta-Con)o(trol-k') g(and)h(describ)q(es)h(the)g(c)o(haracter)e(pro)q(duced)i(b)o(y)f Fg(metafying)0 1590 y Fk(C-K)p Fl(.)62 1735 y(In)i(addition,)h(sev)o (eral)e(k)o(eys)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(their)h(o)o(wn)f(names.)23 b(Sp)q(eci\014cally)m(,)c Fk(DEL)p Fl(,)d Fk(ESC)p Fl(,)f Fk(LFD)p Fl(,)h Fk(SPC)p Fl(,)g Fk(RET)p Fl(,)g(and)g Fk(TAB)0 1797 y Fl(all)e(stand)f(for)f(themselv)o(es)i(when)f(seen)h (in)g(this)f(text,)g(or)g(in)g(an)g(init)i(\014le)f(\(see)f(Section)h (7.3)e([Readline)j(Init)f(File],)0 1859 y(page)h(40,)f(for)h(more)g (info\).)0 2152 y Fj(7.2)33 b(Readline)16 b(In)n(teraction)62 2296 y Fl(Often)g(during)h(an)f(in)o(teractiv)o(e)g(session)h(y)o(ou)e (t)o(yp)q(e)h(in)h(a)f(long)g(line)h(of)f(text,)f(only)h(to)g(notice)g (that)f(the)h(\014rst)0 2359 y(w)o(ord)d(on)i(the)f(line)i(is)e(missp)q (elled.)23 b(The)14 b(Readline)i(library)f(giv)o(es)g(y)o(ou)e(a)h(set) g(of)g(commands)g(for)f(manipulating)0 2421 y(the)18 b(text)g(as)g(y)o(ou)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(it)h(in,)g(allo)o(wing)g(y)o(ou)f (to)g(just)g(\014x)g(y)o(our)g(t)o(yp)q(o,)g(and)h(not)f(forcing)g(y)o (ou)g(to)g(ret)o(yp)q(e)g(the)0 2483 y(ma)s(jorit)o(y)d(of)h(the)g (line.)25 b(Using)17 b(these)g(editing)h(commands,)e(y)o(ou)g(mo)o(v)o (e)f(the)i(cursor)f(to)g(the)g(place)h(that)f(needs)0 2545 y(correction,)g(and)h(delete)g(or)f(insert)g(the)h(text)e(of)h (the)g(corrections.)23 b(Then,)17 b(when)g(y)o(ou)f(are)g(satis\014ed)g (with)h(the)0 2608 y(line,)h(y)o(ou)e(simply)i(press)f Fk(RETURN)p Fl(.)23 b(Y)l(ou)17 b(do)f(not)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(to)g(b)q(e)i (at)e(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)h(line)h(to)e(press)h Fk(RETURN)p Fl(;)f(the)0 2670 y(en)o(tire)g(line)h(is)e(accepted)h(regardless)f(of) g(the)g(lo)q(cation)h(of)f(the)h(cursor)e(within)j(the)e(line.)p eop 38 39 bop 0 -58 a Fl(38)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 183 y Ff(7.2.1)30 b(Readline)15 b(Bare)g(Essen)n(tials)62 320 y Fl(In)f(order)f(to)f(en)o(ter)h(c)o(haracters)g(in)o(to)g(the)g 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y(Prin)o(ting)h(c)o(haracters)240 1703 y(Insert)f(the)h(c)o (haracter)e(in)o(to)h(the)h(line)h(at)d(the)h(cursor.)0 1790 y Fk(C-_)168 b Fl(Undo)15 b(the)h(last)f(thing)h(that)e(y)o(ou)h (did.)21 b(Y)l(ou)15 b(can)h(undo)f(all)h(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)e(bac)o(k)h (to)f(an)i(empt)o(y)e(line.)0 1997 y Ff(7.2.2)30 b(Readline)15 b(Mo)n(v)n(emen)n(t)h(Commands)62 2134 y Fl(The)c(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g (table)g(describ)q(es)i(the)e(most)f(basic)h(p)q(ossible)i(k)o(eystrok) o(es)d(that)g(y)o(ou)g(need)i(in)g(order)f(to)f(do)h(editing)0 2197 y(of)g(the)h(input)h(line.)21 b(F)l(or)12 b(y)o(our)g(con)o(v)o (enience,)i(man)o(y)f(other)f(commands)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(added)f (in)h(addition)g(to)e Fk(C-B)p Fl(,)0 2259 y Fk(C-F)p Fl(,)i Fk(C-D)p Fl(,)h(and)g Fk(DEL)p Fl(.)20 b(Here)15 b(are)g(some)g(commands)g(for)f(mo)o(ving)h(more)g(rapidly)i(ab)q(out)e (the)g(line.)0 2408 y Fk(C-A)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(to)h(the)g(start) f(of)h(the)g(line.)0 2496 y Fk(C-E)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 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y Fk(C-K)168 b Fl(Kill)17 b(the)f(text)e(from)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g (cursor)g(p)q(osition)h(to)f(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0 1714 y Fk(M-D)168 b Fl(Kill)17 b(from)d(the)h(cursor)g(to)f(the)h(end)g (of)g(the)g(curren)o(t)f(w)o(ord,)g(or)g(if)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(w)o (ords,)f(to)g(the)h(end)g(of)240 1776 y(the)g(next)h(w)o(ord.)0 1880 y Fk(M-DEL)120 b Fl(Kill)16 b(from)d(the)i(cursor)e(the)h(start)f (of)h(the)g(previous)h(w)o(ord,)e(or)g(if)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(w)o (ords,)f(to)h(the)g(start)e(of)240 1942 y(the)j(previous)h(w)o(ord.)0 2046 y Fk(C-W)168 b Fl(Kill)18 b(from)e(the)g(cursor)g(to)f(the)h (previous)h(whitespace.)24 b(This)17 b(is)f(di\013eren)o(t)h(than)f Fk(M-DEL)f Fl(b)q(ecause)240 2109 y(the)g(w)o(ord)g(b)q(oundaries)h (di\013er.)62 2275 y(And,)e(here)g(is)h(ho)o(w)e(to)g Fg(y)o(ank)j Fl(the)e(text)f(bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)h(the)f(line.)22 b(Y)l(anking)14 b(means)g(to)f(cop)o(y)g(the)h(most-recen)o(tly-)0 2337 y(killed)j(text)e(from)g(the)g(kill)i(bu\013er.)0 2504 y Fk(C-Y)168 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(kill)i(text)e(bac)o(k)h(to)f(the)h(start)e(of)h(the)h(line,)h(y)o(ou)e (migh)o(t)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g Fk(M--)f(C-K)p Fl(.)62 664 y(The)19 b(general)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(to)g(pass)g(n)o(umeric)i(argumen)o(ts)e(to)g(a) g(command)h(is)g(to)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(meta)g(digits)i(b)q(efore)f(the)0 726 y(command.)36 b(If)21 b(the)g(\014rst)f(`digit')h(y)o(ou)g(t)o(yp)q (e)f(is)i(a)e(min)o(us)h(sign)g(\()p Fk(-)p Fl(\),)g(then)g(the)g(sign) g(of)g(the)f(argumen)o(t)g(will)0 788 y(b)q(e)i(negativ)o(e.)40 b(Once)22 b(y)o(ou)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(t)o(yp)q(ed)g(one)f(meta)g(digit)i (to)e(get)g(the)h(argumen)o(t)f(started,)h(y)o(ou)f(can)h(t)o(yp)q(e)0 851 y(the)c(remainder)h(of)f(the)g(digits,)h(and)f(then)h(the)f (command.)29 b(F)l(or)17 b(example,)i(to)f(giv)o(e)g(the)g Fk(C-D)g Fl(command)g(an)0 913 y(argumen)o(t)c(of)h(10,)f(y)o(ou)h (could)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g Fk(M-1)23 b(0)h(C-D)p Fl(.)0 1226 y Fj(7.3)33 b(Readline)16 b(Init)g(File)62 1373 y Fl(Although)g(the)g (Readline)h(library)g(comes)e(with)h(a)f(set)g(of)g(Emacs-lik)o(e)h(k)o (eybindings)h(installed)g(b)o(y)f(default,)0 1435 y(it)e(is)g(p)q (ossible)i(that)d(y)o(ou)g(w)o(ould)h(lik)o(e)h(to)e(use)h(a)f (di\013eren)o(t)h(set)g(of)f(k)o(eybindings.)21 b(Y)l(ou)14 b(can)g(customize)g(programs)0 1497 y(that)i(use)i(Readline)h(b)o(y)e (putting)h(commands)f(in)h(an)f Fg(init)i Fl(\014le)f(in)g(y)o(our)f (home)g(directory)l(.)26 b(The)18 b(name)f(of)g(this)0 1559 y(\014le)h(is)g(tak)o(en)f(from)g(the)g(v)m(alue)i(of)e(the)g (shell)i(v)m(ariable)g Fk(INPUTRC)p Fl(.)25 b(If)18 b(that)f(v)m (ariable)h(is)g(unset,)g(the)f(default)h(is)0 1622 y(`)p Fk(~/.inputrc)p Fl('.)62 1769 y(When)h(a)g(program)e(whic)o(h)j(uses)f (the)g(Readline)i(library)e(starts)f(up,)h(the)g(init)h(\014le)g(is)f (read,)g(and)g(the)g(k)o(ey)0 1831 y(bindings)e(are)e(set.)62 1978 y(In)j(addition,)h(the)f Fk(C-x)c(C-r)k Fl(command)f(re-reads)g (this)h(init)h(\014le,)g(th)o(us)e(incorp)q(orating)h(an)o(y)f(c)o (hanges)h(that)0 2040 y(y)o(ou)d(migh)o(t)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(made)g(to)f (it.)0 2336 y Ff(7.3.1)30 b(Readline)15 b(Init)g(Syn)n(tax)62 2483 y Fl(There)h(are)f(only)h(a)f(few)g(basic)h(constructs)f(allo)o(w) o(ed)h(in)g(the)g(Readline)i(init)e(\014le.)22 b(Blank)16 b(lines)h(are)e(ignored.)0 2545 y(Lines)j(b)q(eginning)g(with)f(a)f Fk(#)g Fl(are)g(commen)o(ts.)22 b(Lines)c(b)q(eginning)g(with)f(a)f Fk($)g Fl(indicate)h(conditional)h(constructs)0 2608 y(\(see)d(Section)g(7.3.2)e([Conditional)j(Init)f(Constructs],)f(page)g (43\).)19 b(Other)c(lines)h(denote)f(v)m(ariable)h(settings)f(and)0 2670 y(k)o(ey)g(bindings.)p eop 41 42 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(41)0 183 y(V)l(ariable)16 b(Settings)240 246 y(Y)l(ou)j(can)g(c)o (hange)g(the)g(state)f(of)g(a)g(few)h(v)m(ariables)h(in)g(Readline)h(b) o(y)d(using)i(the)f Fk(set)f Fl(command)240 308 y(within)e(the)f(init)h (\014le.)k(Here)15 b(is)g(ho)o(w)g(y)o(ou)f(w)o(ould)h(sp)q(ecify)h (that)e(y)o(ou)g(wish)i(to)e(use)h Fk(vi)f Fl(line)j(editing)240 370 y(commands:)360 433 y Fk(set)23 b(editing-mode)g(vi)240 509 y Fl(Righ)o(t)14 b(no)o(w,)f(there)h(are)f(only)h(a)f(few)h(v)m (ariables)g(whic)o(h)h(can)f(b)q(e)g(set;)f(so)g(few,)h(in)g(fact,)f (that)g(w)o(e)g(just)240 571 y(list)j(them)f(here:)240 647 y Fk(editing-mode)480 709 y Fl(The)e Fk(editing-mode)e Fl(v)m(ariable)j(con)o(trols)e(whic)o(h)h(editing)h(mo)q(de)f(y)o(ou)f (are)g(using.)20 b(By)480 771 y(default,)f(Readline)h(starts)c(up)i(in) h(Emacs)e(editing)i(mo)q(de,)f(where)g(the)g(k)o(eystrok)o(es)480 833 y(are)c(most)g(similar)h(to)f(Emacs.)19 b(This)c(v)m(ariable)h(can) f(b)q(e)g(set)f(to)g(either)h Fk(emacs)f Fl(or)g Fk(vi)p Fl(.)240 909 y Fk(horizontal-scroll-mode)480 971 y Fl(This)k(v)m (ariable)g(can)f(b)q(e)g(set)g(to)f(either)i Fk(On)f Fl(or)f Fk(Off)p Fl(.)25 b(Setting)17 b(it)g(to)f Fk(On)h Fl(means)g(that)480 1033 y(the)d(text)g(of)f(the)h(lines)i(that)d(y)o (ou)h(edit)h(will)g(scroll)g(horizon)o(tally)g(on)f(a)g(single)h (screen)480 1096 y(line)f(when)f(they)g(are)f(longer)h(than)f(the)h (width)g(of)f(the)g(screen,)h(instead)g(of)g(wrapping)480 1158 y(on)o(to)h(a)h(new)h(screen)f(line.)22 b(By)15 b(default,)h(this)f(v)m(ariable)i(is)f(set)e(to)h Fk(Off)p Fl(.)240 1234 y Fk(mark-modified-lines)480 1296 y Fl(This)h(v)m (ariable,)g(when)g(set)f(to)f Fk(On)p Fl(,)h(sa)o(ys)f(to)g(displa)o(y) j(an)e(asterisk)g(\(`)p Fk(*)p Fl('\))e(at)i(the)g(start)480 1358 y(of)f(history)h(lines)i(whic)o(h)e(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(mo)q (di\014ed.)21 b(This)15 b(v)m(ariable)h(is)g Fk(off)e Fl(b)o(y)h(default.)240 1434 y Fk(bell-style)480 1496 y Fl(Con)o(trols)h(what)f(happ)q(ens)j(when)f(Readline)h(w)o(an)o(ts)e (to)f(ring)i(the)f(terminal)h(b)q(ell.)26 b(If)480 1558 y(set)13 b(to)g Fk(none)p Fl(,)g(Readline)j(nev)o(er)e(rings)g(the)g(b) q(ell.)21 b(If)14 b(set)f(to)g Fk(visible)p Fl(,)g(Readline)j(uses)480 1621 y(a)g(visible)j(b)q(ell)g(if)e(one)g(is)g(a)o(v)m(ailable.)27 b(If)17 b(set)f(to)g Fk(audible)g Fl(\(the)h(default\),)g(Readline)480 1683 y(attempts)d(to)h(ring)g(the)h(terminal's)f(b)q(ell.)240 1758 y Fk(comment-begin)480 1821 y Fl(The)21 b(string)h(to)e(insert)i (at)e(the)h(b)q(eginning)j(of)c(the)i(line)g(when)g(the)f Fk(vi-comment)480 1883 y Fl(command)15 b(is)h(executed.)21 b(The)15 b(default)h(v)m(alue)g(is)g Fk("#")p Fl(.)240 1958 y Fk(meta-flag)480 2021 y Fl(If)d(set)g(to)f Fk(on)p Fl(,)g(Readline)j(will)g(enable)f(eigh)o(t-bit)f(input)h(\(it)f(will)h (not)f(strip)g(the)g(eigh)o(th)480 2083 y(bit)i(from)g(the)g(c)o (haracters)f(it)h(reads\),)f(regardless)h(of)g(what)f(the)h(terminal)h (claims)g(it)480 2145 y(can)f(supp)q(ort.)20 b(The)c(default)g(v)m (alue)g(is)g Fk(off)p Fl(.)240 2221 y Fk(convert-meta)480 2283 y Fl(If)23 b(set)f(to)f Fk(on)p Fl(,)j(Readline)h(will)f(con)o(v)o (ert)d(c)o(haracters)h(with)g(the)h(eigth)g(bit)f(set)h(to)480 2345 y(an)17 b(ASCI)q(I)g(k)o(ey)g(sequence)h(b)o(y)e(stripping)i(the)f (eigth)g(bit)g(and)g(prep)q(ending)i(an)d Fk(ESC)480 2408 y Fl(c)o(haracter,)h(con)o(v)o(erting)g(them)g(to)f(a)h (meta-pre\014xed)h(k)o(ey)f(sequence.)27 b(The)17 b(default)480 2470 y(v)m(alue)f(is)g Fk(on)p Fl(.)240 2545 y Fk(output-meta)480 2608 y Fl(If)d(set)f(to)g Fk(on)p Fl(,)h(Readline)i(will)f(displa)o(y)g (c)o(haracters)d(with)i(the)g(eigh)o(th)g(bit)g(set)g(directly)480 2670 y(rather)i(than)g(as)f(a)h(meta-pre\014xed)h(escap)q(e)g (sequence.)21 b(The)16 b(default)f(is)h Fk(off)p Fl(.)p eop 42 43 bop 0 -58 a Fl(42)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240 183 y Fk(completion-query-items)480 246 y Fl(The)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g (of)f(p)q(ossible)j(completions)e(that)f(determines)i(when)f(the)g (user)g(is)g(ask)o(ed)480 308 y(whether)k(he)h(w)o(an)o(ts)d(to)i(see)g (the)g(list)h(of)e(p)q(ossibiliti)q(es.)25 b(If)16 b(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q (er)h(of)e(p)q(ossible)480 370 y(completions)i(is)f(greater)f(than)h (this)h(v)m(alue,)f(Readline)j(will)e(ask)f(the)g(user)g(whether)480 432 y(or)k(not)h(he)h(wishes)f(to)g(view)g(them;)j(otherwise,)e(they)f (are)g(simply)h(listed.)39 b(The)480 495 y(default)16 b(limit)g(is)g Fk(100)p Fl(.)240 588 y Fk(keymap)96 b Fl(Sets)13 b(Readline's)i(idea)e(of)g(the)g(curren)o(t)f(k)o(eymap)h (for)f(k)o(ey)h(binding)i(commands.)k(Ac-)480 651 y(ceptable)d Fk(keymap)e Fl(names)h(are)g Fk(emacs)p Fl(,)f Fk(emacs-standard)p Fl(,)f Fk(emacs-meta)p Fl(,)g Fk(emacs-)480 713 y(ctlx)p Fl(,)j Fk(vi)p Fl(,)h Fk(vi-move)p Fl(,)f Fk(vi-command)p Fl(,)g(and)h Fk(vi-insert)p Fl(.)23 b Fk(vi)17 b Fl(is)g(equiv)m(alen)o (t)i(to)d Fk(vi-)480 775 y(command)p Fl(;)22 b Fk(emacs)e Fl(is)h(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)e Fk(emacs-standard)p Fl(.)35 b(The)20 b(default)i(v)m(alue)f(is)480 838 y Fk(emacs)p Fl(.)33 b(The)21 b(v)m(alue)g(of)e(the)i Fk(editing-mode)d Fl(v)m(ariable)j(also)f(a\013ects)f(the)h(default)480 900 y(k)o(eymap.)240 978 y Fk(show-all-if-ambiguous)480 1040 y Fl(This)d(alters)f(the)h(default)g(b)q(eha)o(vior)g(of)f(the)g (completion)i(functions.)24 b(If)17 b(set)f(to)g Fk(on)p Fl(,)480 1102 y(w)o(ords)d(whic)o(h)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(more)h(than)f(one)h (p)q(ossible)h(completion)g(cause)f(the)f(matc)o(hes)h(to)480 1165 y(b)q(e)h(listed)g(immediately)h(instead)f(of)f(ringing)h(the)f(b) q(ell.)22 b(The)14 b(default)h(v)m(alue)g(is)g Fk(off)p Fl(.)240 1243 y Fk(expand-tilde)480 1305 y Fl(If)20 b(set)f(to)g Fk(on)p Fl(,)h(tilde)h(expansion)f(is)g(p)q(erformed)g(when)g(Readline) i(attempts)d(w)o(ord)480 1367 y(completion.)i(The)15 b(default)h(is)g Fk(off)p Fl(.)0 1445 y(Key)g(Bindings)240 1508 y(The)k(syn)o(tax)f(for)g(con)o(trolling)i(k)o(ey)e(bindings)j(in) e(the)g(init)h(\014le)g(is)f(simple.)35 b(First)19 b(y)o(ou)g(ha)o(v)o (e)h(to)240 1570 y(kno)o(w)13 b(the)h(name)g(of)f(the)h(command)g(that) f(y)o(ou)g(w)o(an)o(t)g(to)g(c)o(hange.)20 b(The)14 b(follo)o(wing)g (pages)g(con)o(tain)240 1632 y(tables)i(of)f(the)h(command)g(name,)f (the)h(default)g(k)o(eybinding,)i(and)e(a)f(short)g(description)i(of)f (what)240 1694 y(the)f(command)g(do)q(es.)240 1772 y(Once)h(y)o(ou)e (kno)o(w)g(the)h(name)g(of)f(the)h(command,)f(simply)i(place)g(the)f (name)f(of)h(the)f(k)o(ey)h(y)o(ou)f(wish)240 1835 y(to)g(bind)j(the)e (command)g(to,)f(a)g(colon,)i(and)f(then)g(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g (command)g(on)g(a)f(line)j(in)f(the)240 1897 y(init)h(\014le.)22 b(The)16 b(name)g(of)f(the)h(k)o(ey)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(expressed)h(in)f (di\013eren)o(t)g(w)o(a)o(ys,)f(dep)q(ending)i(on)f(whic)o(h)240 1959 y(is)g(most)e(comfortable)h(for)g(y)o(ou.)240 2037 y Fg(k)o(eyname)s Fl(:)k Fg(function-name)g Fl(or)c Fg(macro)480 2100 y(k)o(eyname)j Fl(is)d(the)h(name)f(of)g(a)g(k)o(ey)g(sp)q(elled)i (out)e(in)h(English.)21 b(F)l(or)15 b(example:)600 2165 y Fk(Control-u:)22 b(universal-argument)600 2215 y(Meta-Rubout:)g (backward-kill-word)600 2265 y(Control-o:)g(">&output")480 2343 y Fl(In)12 b(the)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(example,)h(`)p Fk(C-u)p Fl(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)g(to)f(the)h(function)g Fk(universal-argument)p Fl(,)480 2405 y(and)h(`)p Fk(C-o)p Fl(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)h(to)f(run)g(the)g(macro)f(expressed)i(on)f(the)g (righ)o(t)g(hand)g(side)h(\(that)480 2467 y(is,)h(to)g(insert)h(the)f (text)g(`)p Fk(>&output)p Fl(')e(in)o(to)i(the)g(line\).)240 2545 y Fk(")p Fg(k)o(eyseq)q Fk(")p Fl(:)20 b Fg(function-name)e Fl(or)d Fg(macro)480 2608 y(k)o(eyseq)j Fl(di\013ers)f(from)f Fg(k)o(eyname)k Fl(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)c(in)i(that)e(strings)h(denoting)h (an)f(en)o(tire)g(k)o(ey)480 2670 y(sequence)i(can)f(b)q(e)h(sp)q (eci\014ed,)i(b)o(y)d(placing)h(the)f(k)o(ey)g(sequence)h(in)g(double)h (quotes.)p eop 43 44 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(43)480 183 y(Some)18 b(GNU)g(Emacs)f(st)o(yle)h(k)o(ey)g(escap)q(es)g (can)g(b)q(e)h(used,)g(as)e(in)i(the)f(follo)o(wing)h(ex-)480 246 y(ample,)c(but)h(the)f(sp)q(ecial)i(c)o(haracter)e(names)g(are)g (not)f(recognized.)600 308 y Fk("\\C-u":)23 b(universal-argument)600 358 y("\\C-x\\C-r":)f(re-read-init-file)600 407 y("\\e[11~":)h ("Function)f(Key)i(1")480 482 y Fl(In)13 b(the)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g (example,)g(`)p Fk(C-u)p Fl(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)h(to)e(the)h(function)g Fk(universal-argument)480 544 y Fl(\(just)g(as)f(it)i(w)o(as)e(in)i (the)f(\014rst)g(example\),)h(`)p Fk(C-x)g(C-r)p Fl(')f(is)g(b)q(ound)i (to)d(the)h(function)h Fk(re-)480 607 y(read-init-file)p Fl(,)g(and)i(`)p Fk(ESC)e([)h(1)g(1)g(~)p Fl(')h(is)g(b)q(ound)h(to)f (insert)g(the)g(text)f(`)p Fk(Function)480 669 y(Key)g(1)p Fl('.)24 b(The)18 b(follo)o(wing)f(escap)q(e)h(sequences)g(are)f(a)o(v) m(ailable)i(when)e(sp)q(ecifying)i(k)o(ey)480 731 y(sequences:)480 818 y Fk(\\C-)168 b Fl(con)o(trol)15 b(pre\014x)480 906 y Fk(\\M-)168 b Fl(meta)15 b(pre\014x)480 993 y Fk(\\e)192 b Fl(an)15 b(escap)q(e)h(c)o(haracter)480 1080 y Fk(\\\\)192 b Fl(bac)o(kslash)480 1167 y Fk(\\")g(")480 1254 y(\\')g(')480 1342 y Fl(When)14 b(en)o(tering)h(the)f(text)f(of)h(a)f(macro,)g (single)j(or)d(double)i(quotes)f(should)h(b)q(e)f(used)480 1404 y(to)g(indicate)j(a)e(macro)f(de\014nition.)22 b(Unquoted)15 b(text)g(is)g(assumed)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(a)g(function)480 1466 y(name.)27 b(Bac)o(kslash)18 b(will)h(quote)e(an)o(y)g(c)o (haracter)g(in)h(the)g(macro)f(text,)g(including)j Fk(")480 1528 y Fl(and)c Fk(')p Fl(.)22 b(F)l(or)16 b(example,)h(the)f(follo)o (wing)h(binding)h(will)f(mak)o(e)f Fk(C-x)f(\\)g Fl(insert)i(a)f (single)480 1591 y Fk(\\)f Fl(in)o(to)g(the)g(line:)600 1653 y Fk("\\C-x\\\\":)23 b("\\\\")0 1860 y Ff(7.3.2)30 b(Conditional)15 b(Init)g(Constructs)62 1997 y Fl(Readline)j(implemen)o (ts)e(a)f(facilit)o(y)h(similar)g(in)g(spirit)g(to)f(the)g(conditional) i(compilation)f(features)f(of)g(the)g(C)0 2060 y(prepro)q(cessor)f (whic)o(h)h(allo)o(ws)f(k)o(ey)g(bindings)h(and)f(v)m(ariable)i (settings)e(to)f(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)h(as)e(the)h(result)g(of)g (tests.)0 2122 y(There)h(are)g(three)h(parser)e(directiv)o(es)j(used.)0 2271 y Fk($if)168 b Fl(The)14 b Fk($if)e Fl(construct)h(allo)o(ws)h (bindings)h(to)e(b)q(e)h(made)f(based)h(on)f(the)h(editing)g(mo)q(de,)g (the)f(terminal)240 2334 y(b)q(eing)k(used,)e(or)g(the)g(application)i (using)f(Readline.)22 b(The)16 b(text)f(of)g(the)g(test)g(extends)g(to) g(the)g(end)240 2396 y(of)g(the)g(line;)i(no)e(c)o(haracters)f(are)h (required)h(to)f(isolate)g(it.)240 2483 y Fk(mode)144 b Fl(The)19 b Fk(mode=)f Fl(form)g(of)h(the)g Fk($if)f Fl(directiv)o(e)i(is)f(used)h(to)e(test)g(whether)h(Readline)i(is)480 2545 y(in)h Fk(emacs)f Fl(or)f Fk(vi)h Fl(mo)q(de.)38 b(This)22 b(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(used)g(in)g(conjunction)g(with)f(the)h(`)p Fk(set)480 2608 y(keymap)p Fl(')d(command,)i(for)e(instance,)j(to)d (set)h(bindings)i(in)f(the)f Fk(emacs-standard)480 2670 y Fl(and)15 b Fk(emacs-ctlx)f Fl(k)o(eymaps)h(only)h(if)f(Readline)j (is)e(starting)e(out)h(in)h Fk(emacs)f Fl(mo)q(de.)p eop 44 45 bop 0 -58 a Fl(44)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240 183 y Fk(term)144 b Fl(The)21 b Fk(term=)f Fl(form)g(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)g (used)h(to)e(include)j(terminal-sp)q(eci\014c)h(k)o(ey)c(bindings,)480 246 y(p)q(erhaps)15 b(to)f(bind)j(the)d(k)o(ey)h(sequences)h(output)e (b)o(y)h(the)g(terminal's)g(function)h(k)o(eys.)480 308 y(The)f(w)o(ord)g(on)f(the)i(righ)o(t)e(side)i(of)f(the)g(`)p Fk(=)p Fl(')f(is)h(tested)g(against)g(the)g(full)h(name)f(of)g(the)480 370 y(terminal)k(and)g(the)g(p)q(ortion)g(of)f(the)h(terminal)g(name)g (b)q(efore)g(the)g(\014rst)f(`)p Fk(-)p Fl('.)29 b(This)480 432 y(allo)o(ws)15 b Fg(sun)h Fl(to)e(matc)o(h)h(b)q(oth)g Fg(sun)h Fl(and)f Fg(sun-cmd)p Fl(,)h(for)f(instance.)240 510 y Fk(application)480 572 y Fl(The)j Fg(application)i Fl(construct)e(is)g(used)h(to)e(include)k(application-sp)q(eci\014c)g (settings.)480 634 y(Eac)o(h)d(program)g(using)h(the)f(Readline)j (library)e(sets)f(the)h Fg(application)h(name)p Fl(,)f(and)480 697 y(y)o(ou)c(can)h(test)f(for)g(it.)21 b(This)16 b(could)g(b)q(e)h (used)f(to)e(bind)j(k)o(ey)f(sequences)g(to)f(functions)480 759 y(useful)h(for)e(a)h(sp)q(eci\014c)i(program.)h(F)l(or)d(instance,) g(the)g(follo)o(wing)h(command)e(adds)h(a)480 821 y(k)o(ey)g(sequence)h (that)f(quotes)g(the)g(curren)o(t)g(or)g(previous)h(w)o(ord)e(in)i (Bash:)600 886 y Fk($if)23 b(bash)600 936 y(#)h(Quote)f(the)g(current)g (or)h(previous)f(word)600 986 y("\\C-xq":)g("\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")600 1036 y($endif)0 1129 y($endif)96 b Fl(This)16 b(command,)e(as)h(y)o(ou) g(sa)o(w)g(in)h(the)f(previous)h(example,)f(terminates)h(an)f Fk($if)f Fl(command.)0 1222 y Fk($else)120 b Fl(Commands)15 b(in)h(this)f(branc)o(h)h(of)e(the)i Fk($if)e Fl(directiv)o(e)j(are)e (executed)h(if)g(the)f(test)g(fails.)0 1472 y Fj(7.4)33 b(Bindable)16 b(Readline)h(Commands)0 1706 y Ff(7.4.1)30 b(Commands)15 b(F)-5 b(or)15 b(Mo)n(ving)0 1846 y Fk(beginning-of-line) e(\(C-a\))240 1908 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(to)h(the)g(start)f(of)h(the)g (curren)o(t)g(line.)0 1986 y Fk(end-of-line)f(\(C-e\))240 2048 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(to)h(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0 2126 y Fk(forward-char)f(\(C-f\))240 2188 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(forw)o(ard) g(a)h(c)o(haracter.)0 2266 y Fk(backward-char)e(\(C-b\))240 2328 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(bac)o(k)h(a)g(c)o(haracter.)0 2406 y Fk(forward-word)f(\(M-f\))240 2468 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(forw)o(ard) g(to)h(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(next)g(w)o(ord.)k(W)l(ords)c(are)g(comp)q (osed)h(of)e(letters)i(and)f(digits.)0 2545 y Fk(backward-word)e (\(M-b\))240 2608 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)j(bac)o(k)g(to)g(the)h(start)f(of)g (this,)h(or)g(the)f(previous,)i(w)o(ord.)24 b(W)l(ords)16 b(are)g(comp)q(osed)i(of)e(letters)240 2670 y(and)f(digits.)p eop 45 46 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(45)0 183 y Fk(clear-screen)14 b(\(C-l\))240 246 y Fl(Clear)h(the)g (screen)g(and)g(redra)o(w)f(the)h(curren)o(t)g(line,)h(lea)o(ving)g (the)f(curren)o(t)f(line)j(at)d(the)h(top)f(of)h(the)240 308 y(screen.)0 386 y Fk(redraw-current-line)e(\(\))240 448 y Fl(Refresh)j(the)f(curren)o(t)g(line.)22 b(By)15 b(default,)h(this)f(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound.)0 688 y Ff(7.4.2)30 b(Commands)15 b(F)-5 b(or)15 b(Manipulating)g(The)g(History)0 829 y Fk(accept-line)f(\(Newline,)g(Return\))240 891 y Fl(Accept)k(the)g(line)h(regardless)f(of)f(where)h(the)g(cursor)f (is.)28 b(If)18 b(this)g(line)h(is)g(non-empt)o(y)l(,)f(add)g(it)g(to) 240 953 y(the)d(history)f(list)h(according)g(to)f(the)g(setting)h(of)f (the)g Fk(HISTCONTROL)f Fl(v)m(ariable.)21 b(If)15 b(this)g(line)h(w)o (as)d(a)240 1015 y(history)i(line,)i(then)e(restore)g(the)g(history)g (line)i(to)e(its)g(original)h(state.)0 1094 y Fk(previous-history)d (\(C-p\))240 1156 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(`up')h(through)g(the)g(history)g (list.)0 1234 y Fk(next-history)f(\(C-n\))240 1296 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(`do)o(wn')g(through)h(the)h(history)f(list.)0 1375 y Fk(beginning-of-history)d(\(M-<\))240 1437 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)i(to) h(the)g(\014rst)g(line)i(in)f(the)f(history)l(.)0 1515 y Fk(end-of-history)e(\(M->\))240 1578 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(to)h(the)g (end)h(of)f(the)g(input)h(history)l(,)f(i.e.,)g(the)g(line)i(y)o(ou)e (are)g(en)o(tering.)0 1656 y Fk(reverse-search-history)d(\(C-r\))240 1718 y Fl(Searc)o(h)18 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y Fl(Insert)19 b(the)g(\014rst)f(argumen)o(t)g(to)g(the)h(previous)g(command)g (\(usually)g(the)g(second)g(w)o(ord)f(on)h(the)240 575 y(previous)e(line\).)23 b(With)16 b(an)g(argumen)o(t)f Fg(n)p Fl(,)h(insert)h(the)f Fg(n)p Fl(th)g(w)o(ord)f(from)g(the)h (previous)h(command)240 637 y(\(the)d(w)o(ords)g(in)h(the)g(previous)g (command)f(b)q(egin)i(with)f(w)o(ord)f(0\).)19 b(A)14 b(negativ)o(e)h(argumen)o(t)f(inserts)240 699 y(the)h Fg(n)p Fl(th)h(w)o(ord)e(from)h(the)g(end)h(of)e(the)i(previous)g (command.)0 779 y Fk(yank-last-arg)d(\(M-.,)i(M-_\))240 841 y Fl(Insert)k(last)g(argumen)o(t)g(to)f(the)h(previous)h(command)f (\(the)g(last)g(w)o(ord)f(on)h(the)g(previous)h(line\).)240 904 y(With)15 b(an)h(argumen)o(t,)e(b)q(eha)o(v)o(e)h(exactly)h(lik)o (e)g Fk(yank-nth-arg)p Fl(.)0 1158 y Ff(7.4.3)30 b(Commands)15 b(F)-5 b(or)15 b(Changing)g(T)-5 b(ext)0 1301 y Fk(delete-char)14 b(\(C-d\))240 1363 y Fl(Delete)f(the)f(c)o(haracter)f(under)i(the)f (cursor.)19 b(If)12 b(the)g(cursor)g(is)g(at)g(the)g(b)q(eginning)i(of) e(the)g(line,)i(there)240 1425 y(are)k(no)g(c)o(haracters)g(in)h(the)g (line,)h(and)f(the)f(last)g(c)o(haracter)g(t)o(yp)q(ed)h(w)o(as)e(not)h (C-d,)h(then)g(return)240 1487 y(EOF.)0 1567 y Fk(backward-delete-char) 12 b(\(Rubout\))240 1630 y Fl(Delete)g(the)f(c)o(haracter)f(b)q(ehind)j (the)e(cursor.)18 b(A)11 b(n)o(umeric)h(arg)e(sa)o(ys)g(to)g(kill)j (the)e(c)o(haracters)f(instead)240 1692 y(of)15 b(deleting)h(them.)0 1772 y Fk(quoted-insert)d(\(C-q,)i(C-v\))240 1834 y Fl(Add)i(the)f (next)h(c)o(haracter)f(that)f(y)o(ou)h(t)o(yp)q(e)h(to)f(the)g(line)i (v)o(erbatim.)24 b(This)17 b(is)g(ho)o(w)e(to)h(insert)h(k)o(ey)240 1897 y(sequences)f(lik)o(e)h Fk(C-Q)p Fl(,)d(for)h(example.)0 1976 y Fk(tab-insert)f(\(M-TAB\))240 2039 y Fl(Insert)h(a)g(tab)g(c)o (haracter.)0 2119 y Fk(self-insert)f(\(a,)g(b,)h(A,)g(1,)g(!,)g(...\)) 240 2181 y Fl(Insert)g(y)o(ourself.)0 2261 y Fk(transpose-chars)e (\(C-t\))240 2323 y 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y(w)o(ord,)g(but)h(do)h(not)e(mo)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(cursor.)0 383 y Fk(downcase-word)e(\(M-l\))240 445 y Fl(Lo)o(w)o(ercase)g(the)i (curren)o(t)f(\(or)f(follo)o(wing\))h(w)o(ord.)19 b(With)14 b(a)g(negativ)o(e)g(argumen)o(t,)f(do)h(the)g(previous)240 507 y(w)o(ord,)g(but)h(do)h(not)e(mo)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(cursor.)0 582 y Fk(capitalize-word)e(\(M-c\))240 644 y Fl(Capitalize)j(the)e (curren)o(t)g(\(or)f(follo)o(wing\))i(w)o(ord.)j(With)d(a)f(negativ)o (e)g(argumen)o(t,)f(do)h(the)g(previous)240 707 y(w)o(ord,)g(but)h(do)h (not)e(mo)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(cursor.)0 916 y Ff(7.4.4)30 b(Killing)15 b(And)h(Y)-5 b(anking)0 1053 y Fk(kill-line)14 b(\(C-k\))240 1115 y Fl(Kill)j(the)f(text)e(from)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g (cursor)g(p)q(osition)h(to)f(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0 1190 y Fk(backward-kill-line)e(\(C-x)h(Rubout\))240 1252 y Fl(Kill)j(bac)o(kw)o(ard)e(to)f(the)i(b)q(eginning)h(of)e(the)g (line.)0 1327 y Fk(unix-line-discard)e(\(C-u\))240 1390 y 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w(failed)p 1337 1074 V 12 w(exec)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fc(24)1015 1132 y Fe(nolinks)9 b Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fc(24)1015 1190 y Fe(notify)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) 24 b Fc(31)1015 1322 y Fj(O)1015 1388 y Fe(OLDPWD)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(12)1015 1446 y Fe(OPTARG)10 b Fd(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) 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w(COMMAND)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)25 b Fc(23)1015 1934 y Fe(PS1)7 b Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(4)1015 1992 y Fe(PS2)7 b Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(4)1015 2051 y Fe(PS3)6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(12)1015 2109 y Fe(PS4)6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h 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