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Chet Ramey
2011-12-03 13:40:08 -05:00
parent f75912ae36
commit eb2bb5621f
36 changed files with 12861 additions and 12273 deletions
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doc/bashref.info
+204 -174
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@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.7 from
/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 3.0, 17 September 2004).
the Bash shell (version 3.1-devel, 22 November 2004).
This is Edition 3.0, last updated 17 September 2004, of `The GNU
Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.0.
This is Edition 3.1-devel, last updated 22 November 2004, of `The
GNU Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.1-devel.
Copyright (C) 1988-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ Bash Features
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 3.0, 17 September 2004)..
the Bash shell (version 3.1-devel, 22 November 2004)..
This is Edition 3.0, last updated 17 September 2004, of `The GNU
Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.0.
This is Edition 3.1-devel, last updated 22 November 2004, of `The
GNU Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.1-devel.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
@@ -1046,6 +1046,18 @@ expansion is not performed. Assignment statements may also appear as
arguments to the `alias', `declare', `typeset', `export', `readonly',
and `local' builtin commands.
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to
a shell variable or array index (*note Arrays::), the `+=' operator can
be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value. When
`+=' is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute has been
set, VALUE is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the
variable's current value, which is also evaluated. When `+=' is
applied to an array variable using compound assignment (*note
Arrays::), the variable's value is not unset (as it is when using `='),
and new values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than
the array's maximum index. When applied to a string-valued variable,
VALUE is expanded and appended to the variable's value.

File: bashref.info, Node: Positional Parameters, Next: Special Parameters, Up: Shell Parameters
@@ -1271,10 +1283,10 @@ without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed.
is left unchanged.
Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes
immediately following a `:' or `='. In these cases, tilde expansion is
also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in
assignments to `PATH', `MAILPATH', and `CDPATH', and the shell assigns
the expanded value.
immediately following a `:' or the first `='. In these cases, tilde
expansion is also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with
tildes in assignments to `PATH', `MAILPATH', and `CDPATH', and the
shell assigns the expanded value.
The following table shows how Bash treats unquoted tilde-prefixes:
@@ -1379,9 +1391,12 @@ if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
is `@', the result is LENGTH positional parameters beginning at
OFFSET. If PARAMETER is an array name indexed by `@' or `*', the
result is the LENGTH members of the array beginning with
`${PARAMETER[OFFSET]}'. Substring indexing is zero-based unless
the positional parameters are used, in which case the indexing
starts at 1.
`${PARAMETER[OFFSET]}'. A negative OFFSET is taken relative to
one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. Note
that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least
one space to avoid being confused with the `:-' expansion.
Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1.
`${!PREFIX*}'
`${!PREFIX@}'
@@ -1675,7 +1690,7 @@ of the following sub-patterns:
Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns.
`@(PATTERN-LIST)'
Matches exactly one of the given patterns.
Matches one of the given patterns.
`!(PATTERN-LIST)'
Matches anything except one of the given patterns.
@@ -1753,6 +1768,10 @@ redirections, as described in the following table:
A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used
with care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses
internally.
3.6.1 Redirecting Input
-----------------------
@@ -4199,7 +4218,7 @@ the single-character options to be recognized.
`--dump-po-strings'
A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by `$' is printed on
the standard ouput in the GNU `gettext' PO (portable object) file
the standard output in the GNU `gettext' PO (portable object) file
format. Equivalent to `-D' except for the output format.
`--dump-strings'
@@ -4280,7 +4299,7 @@ invocation which are not available with the `set' builtin.
`-D'
A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by `$' is printed on
the standard ouput. These are the strings that are subject to
the standard output. These are the strings that are subject to
language translation when the current locale is not `C' or `POSIX'
(*note Locale Translation::). This implies the `-n' option; no
commands will be executed.
@@ -4783,7 +4802,7 @@ representing the arithmetic base, and N is a number in that base. If
BASE`#' is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9
are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, `@',
and `_', in that order. If BASE is less than or equal to 36, lowercase
and uppercase letters may be used interchangably to represent numbers
and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers
between 10 and 35.
Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
@@ -5414,9 +5433,10 @@ character `%' introduces a job name.
Job number `n' may be referred to as `%n'. The symbols `%%' and
`%+' refer to the shell's notion of the current job, which is the last
job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the
background. The previous job may be referenced using `%-'. In output
pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the `jobs' command), the
job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the background.
A single `%' (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to
the current job. The previous job may be referenced using `%-'. In
output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the `jobs' command), the
current job is always flagged with a `+', and the previous job with a
`-'.
@@ -5518,11 +5538,11 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Job Control Builtins, Next: Job Control Variables,
occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
`wait'
wait [JOBSPEC or PID]
Wait until the child process specified by process ID PID or job
specification JOBSPEC exits and return the exit status of the last
command waited for. If a job spec is given, all processes in the
job are waited for. If no arguments are given, all currently
wait [JOBSPEC or PID ...]
Wait until the child process specified by each process ID PID or
job specification JOBSPEC exits and return the exit status of the
last command waited for. If a job spec is given, all processes in
the job are waited for. If no arguments are given, all currently
active child processes are waited for, and the return status is
zero. If neither JOBSPEC nor PID specifies an active child process
of the shell, the return status is 127.
@@ -5921,6 +5941,11 @@ Variable Settings
one is available. If set to `audible' (the default),
Readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
`bind-tty-special-chars'
If set to `on', Readline attempts to bind the control
characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver
to their Readline equivalents.
`comment-begin'
The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the
`insert-comment' command is executed. The default value is
@@ -6471,14 +6496,17 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Commands For History, Next: Commands For Text, Prev
second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument N,
insert the Nth word from the previous command (the words in the
previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts
the Nth word from the end of the previous command.
the Nth word from the end of the previous command. Once the
argument N is computed, the argument is extracted as if the `!N'
history expansion had been specified.
`yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)'
Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the
previous history entry). With an argument, behave exactly like
`yank-nth-arg'. Successive calls to `yank-last-arg' move back
through the history list, inserting the last argument of each line
in turn.
in turn. The history expansion facilities are used to extract the
last argument, as if the `!$' history expansion had been specified.

@@ -9022,32 +9050,34 @@ Parameter and Variable Index
* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 93)
* bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 34)
* bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 41)
* CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 9)
* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 96)
* comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 41)
(line 46)
* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 101)
* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 107)
* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 112)
* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 120)
* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 126)
* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 51)
(line 56)
* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 132)
* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 60)
(line 65)
* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 137)
* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 66)
* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 71)
* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 76)
* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 147)
* enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 77)
(line 82)
* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 152)
* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 82)
(line 87)
* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 156)
* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 160)
* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 166)
@@ -9060,13 +9090,13 @@ Parameter and Variable Index
* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 227)
* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 234)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 85)
(line 90)
* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 253)
* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 257)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 90)
(line 95)
* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 264)
* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 275)
* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 278)
@@ -9074,12 +9104,12 @@ Parameter and Variable Index
(line 18)
* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 281)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 97)
(line 102)
* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 291)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 104)
(line 109)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 111)
(line 116)
* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 295)
* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 299)
* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 303)
@@ -9096,13 +9126,13 @@ Parameter and Variable Index
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 27)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 124)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 129)
* match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax.
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 134)
* match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 139)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 97)
(line 102)
* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 344)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 34)
@@ -9111,9 +9141,9 @@ Parameter and Variable Index
(line 38)
* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 351)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 141)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 146)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 151)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 42)
* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 354)
@@ -9134,16 +9164,16 @@ Parameter and Variable Index
* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 409)
* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 418)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 156)
(line 161)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 162)
(line 167)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 423)
* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 461)
* UID: Bash Variables. (line 473)
* visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 171)
(line 176)

File: bashref.info, Node: Function Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Variable Index, Up: Top
@@ -9243,7 +9273,7 @@ Function Index
* unix-word-rubout (C-w): Commands For Killing. (line 28)
* upcase-word (M-u): Commands For Text. (line 38)
* yank (C-y): Commands For Killing. (line 59)
* yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_): Commands For History. (line 63)
* yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_): Commands For History. (line 65)
* yank-nth-arg (M-C-y): Commands For History. (line 56)
* yank-pop (M-y): Commands For Killing. (line 62)
@@ -9409,129 +9439,129 @@ Concept Index

Tag Table:
Node: Top1363
Node: Introduction3509
Node: What is Bash?3738
Node: What is a shell?4831
Node: Definitions7372
Node: Basic Shell Features10113
Node: Shell Syntax11332
Node: Shell Operation12364
Node: Quoting13658
Node: Escape Character14932
Node: Single Quotes15417
Node: Double Quotes15765
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16791
Node: Locale Translation17747
Node: Comments18643
Node: Shell Commands19257
Node: Simple Commands20023
Node: Pipelines20654
Node: Lists22529
Node: Compound Commands24160
Node: Looping Constructs24944
Node: Conditional Constructs27391
Node: Command Grouping34458
Node: Shell Functions35907
Node: Shell Parameters40175
Node: Positional Parameters41756
Node: Special Parameters42656
Node: Shell Expansions45581
Node: Brace Expansion47506
Node: Tilde Expansion49831
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion52172
Node: Command Substitution59435
Node: Arithmetic Expansion60768
Node: Process Substitution61618
Node: Word Splitting62668
Node: Filename Expansion64129
Node: Pattern Matching66265
Node: Quote Removal69598
Node: Redirections69893
Node: Executing Commands77472
Node: Simple Command Expansion78147
Node: Command Search and Execution80077
Node: Command Execution Environment82083
Node: Environment84854
Node: Exit Status86514
Node: Signals87718
Node: Shell Scripts89682
Node: Shell Builtin Commands92200
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins93779
Node: Bash Builtins110732
Node: The Set Builtin138859
Node: Special Builtins147082
Node: Shell Variables148059
Node: Bourne Shell Variables148499
Node: Bash Variables150480
Node: Bash Features170187
Node: Invoking Bash171070
Node: Bash Startup Files176889
Node: Interactive Shells181747
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?182157
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?182807
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior183622
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions186898
Node: Shell Arithmetic190477
Node: Aliases193222
Node: Arrays195790
Node: The Directory Stack199057
Node: Directory Stack Builtins199771
Node: Printing a Prompt202662
Node: The Restricted Shell205376
Node: Bash POSIX Mode207208
Node: Job Control214541
Node: Job Control Basics215008
Node: Job Control Builtins219298
Node: Job Control Variables223641
Node: Command Line Editing224799
Node: Introduction and Notation225798
Node: Readline Interaction227420
Node: Readline Bare Essentials228611
Node: Readline Movement Commands230400
Node: Readline Killing Commands231365
Node: Readline Arguments233285
Node: Searching234329
Node: Readline Init File236515
Node: Readline Init File Syntax237574
Node: Conditional Init Constructs249227
Node: Sample Init File251760
Node: Bindable Readline Commands254877
Node: Commands For Moving256084
Node: Commands For History256945
Node: Commands For Text259846
Node: Commands For Killing262519
Node: Numeric Arguments264661
Node: Commands For Completion265800
Node: Keyboard Macros269393
Node: Miscellaneous Commands269964
Node: Readline vi Mode275275
Node: Programmable Completion276189
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins282001
Node: Using History Interactively289597
Node: Bash History Facilities290277
Node: Bash History Builtins292972
Node: History Interaction296829
Node: Event Designators299385
Node: Word Designators300400
Node: Modifiers302039
Node: Installing Bash303445
Node: Basic Installation304582
Node: Compilers and Options307274
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures308015
Node: Installation Names309679
Node: Specifying the System Type310497
Node: Sharing Defaults311213
Node: Operation Controls311886
Node: Optional Features312844
Node: Reporting Bugs321123
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell322317
Node: Copying This Manual338089
Node: GNU Free Documentation License338365
Node: Builtin Index360771
Node: Reserved Word Index367320
Node: Variable Index369756
Node: Function Index380475
Node: Concept Index387195
Node: Top1375
Node: Introduction3537
Node: What is Bash?3766
Node: What is a shell?4859
Node: Definitions7400
Node: Basic Shell Features10141
Node: Shell Syntax11360
Node: Shell Operation12392
Node: Quoting13686
Node: Escape Character14960
Node: Single Quotes15445
Node: Double Quotes15793
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16819
Node: Locale Translation17775
Node: Comments18671
Node: Shell Commands19285
Node: Simple Commands20051
Node: Pipelines20682
Node: Lists22557
Node: Compound Commands24188
Node: Looping Constructs24972
Node: Conditional Constructs27419
Node: Command Grouping34486
Node: Shell Functions35935
Node: Shell Parameters40203
Node: Positional Parameters42533
Node: Special Parameters43433
Node: Shell Expansions46358
Node: Brace Expansion48283
Node: Tilde Expansion50608
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion52959
Node: Command Substitution60468
Node: Arithmetic Expansion61801
Node: Process Substitution62651
Node: Word Splitting63701
Node: Filename Expansion65162
Node: Pattern Matching67298
Node: Quote Removal70623
Node: Redirections70918
Node: Executing Commands78648
Node: Simple Command Expansion79323
Node: Command Search and Execution81253
Node: Command Execution Environment83259
Node: Environment86030
Node: Exit Status87690
Node: Signals88894
Node: Shell Scripts90858
Node: Shell Builtin Commands93376
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins94955
Node: Bash Builtins111908
Node: The Set Builtin140035
Node: Special Builtins148258
Node: Shell Variables149235
Node: Bourne Shell Variables149675
Node: Bash Variables151656
Node: Bash Features171363
Node: Invoking Bash172246
Node: Bash Startup Files178067
Node: Interactive Shells182925
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?183335
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?183985
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior184800
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions188076
Node: Shell Arithmetic191655
Node: Aliases194401
Node: Arrays196969
Node: The Directory Stack200236
Node: Directory Stack Builtins200950
Node: Printing a Prompt203841
Node: The Restricted Shell206555
Node: Bash POSIX Mode208387
Node: Job Control215720
Node: Job Control Basics216187
Node: Job Control Builtins220563
Node: Job Control Variables224915
Node: Command Line Editing226073
Node: Introduction and Notation227072
Node: Readline Interaction228694
Node: Readline Bare Essentials229885
Node: Readline Movement Commands231674
Node: Readline Killing Commands232639
Node: Readline Arguments234559
Node: Searching235603
Node: Readline Init File237789
Node: Readline Init File Syntax238848
Node: Conditional Init Constructs250707
Node: Sample Init File253240
Node: Bindable Readline Commands256357
Node: Commands For Moving257564
Node: Commands For History258425
Node: Commands For Text261580
Node: Commands For Killing264253
Node: Numeric Arguments266395
Node: Commands For Completion267534
Node: Keyboard Macros271127
Node: Miscellaneous Commands271698
Node: Readline vi Mode277009
Node: Programmable Completion277923
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins283735
Node: Using History Interactively291331
Node: Bash History Facilities292011
Node: Bash History Builtins294706
Node: History Interaction298563
Node: Event Designators301119
Node: Word Designators302134
Node: Modifiers303773
Node: Installing Bash305179
Node: Basic Installation306316
Node: Compilers and Options309008
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures309749
Node: Installation Names311413
Node: Specifying the System Type312231
Node: Sharing Defaults312947
Node: Operation Controls313620
Node: Optional Features314578
Node: Reporting Bugs322857
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell324051
Node: Copying This Manual339823
Node: GNU Free Documentation License340099
Node: Builtin Index362505
Node: Reserved Word Index369054
Node: Variable Index371490
Node: Function Index382350
Node: Concept Index389070

End Tag Table