diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES index e4e0124f..56c14a64 100644 --- a/CHANGES +++ b/CHANGES @@ -1,3 +1,640 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.3-alpha, and +the previous version, bash-5.2-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Stop checking for new mail if an interactive shell is in the middle of + programmable completion or readline command dispatching. + +b. Changes to multibyte character translation to handle shift states better. + +c. Fixed a bug with subshell command execution that caused it to set LINENO + incorrectly. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused some array subscript references in arithmetic + expansions to seg fault. + +e. Don't report on foreground jobs that we won't notify the user about if + jobs is run from a trap handler or a `bind -x' command. + +f. Fixed a bug where temporarily turning on `extglob' while parsing a command + substitution in compatibility mode could leave it set. + +g. Fixed a bug where nested word expansions confused the state parser and + resulted in quotes being required where they should not have been. + +h. Fixed a bug where nested function definitions resulted in `display -F' + printing incorrect line numbers. + +i. Fixed the message printed when the shell gets ENOENT from execve: specific + message about a bad interpreter before the generic error message. + +j. Fixed a spurious debug message when errexit is set and the shell is + exiting from an eval command in a shell function. + +k. Fixed a bug where a pending signal would cause pattern matching to fail in + an exit trap. + +l. Fixed a crash caused by a null replacement string in pattern replacement. + +m. Fixed a bug in interactive shells where a SIGINT received while parsing a + command substitution would leave the expand_aliases option disabled. + +n. Fixed a bug with command printing when printing multiple shell functions + with here-documents inside a command substitution. + +o. Fixed a bug with expanding aliases while parsing command substitutions + inside another word expansion. + +p. Fixed a bug with alias expansion in posix mode in an eval command inside a + command substitution. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused the parser not to reset correctly if it encountered + a syntax error while trying to read a WORD token. + +r. Fixed a bug that caused `<(' and `>(' to trigger process substitution inside + an arithmetic expression. + +s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to unlink FIFOs used for process + substitution before a compound command completes. + +t. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to not recognize some negative + fractional arguments. + +u. Fixed a bug that caused subshells not to run the EXIT trap if a signal + arrived after the command and before returning to the caller. + +v. Fixed a bug where `wait' without arguments could wait for inherited + process substitutions, which are not children of this shell. + +w. Fixed a bug with expanding $* in a here-document body. + +x. Fixed a bug where `declare -p' in a shell function would show the wrong + command for `local -'. + +y. Change for POSIX interpretation 1602 about the default return status for + `return' in a trap command. + +z. Fixed a bug that caused double evaluation of a dynamic variable like + $RANDOM when using certain parameter expansions. + +aa. Fixed a bug where `read -e -t' would cause an interactive shell to exit. + +bb. Fixed a number of bugs with pathname expansion/pattern matching and + slashes in bracket expressions. + +cc. Fixed several bugs with optimizing out forks. + +dd. Fixed a memory leak when referencing unset associative array elements. + +ee. System-specific changes for: WIN32 + +ff. Perform more cleanup if the shell exceeds maximum function nesting level. + +gg. Fixed a bug that caused `eval' to run the ERR trap in commands where it + should not. + +hh. Fixed nameref expansion where nameref values are valid length expansion + expressions but invalid identifiers. + +ii. Fixed an error that caused syntax errors when expanding nested word + expansions inside a here-document. + +jj. POSIX special builtins now exit the shell in posix mode on more failure + cases. + +kk. Brace expansion is interruptible at more spots, so long expansions can + be interrupted more quickly. + +ll. Fixed a crash caused by running `set -o emacs' in `bash -c command'. + +mm. Fixed a bug that caused bash to reset the terminal process group before + a command exited if it received a SIGINT in a non-interactive shell. + +nn. Significant changes to the source code to make it C23-conformant, including + C23 undefined behavior. + +oo. Treat read(2) errors while reading input as immediately fatal errors + instead of the traditional EOF; POSIX interp 1629 + +pp. Fix to allow asynchronous commands to use `trap' to reset signals that + are ignored during the command; POSIX interp 751. + +qq. Fix a posix-mode bug with alias expansion when checking for reserved + words and the previous alias expansion ends with a space. + +rr. Programmable completion now creates empty elements in COMP_WORDS if the + cursor is on whitespace just preceding a word. + +ss. Fixed a bug that prevented aliases ending with a space from alias + expanding the next word if more than two aliases are expanded from a + single word. + +tt. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to give the terminal to the shell's + process group when reaping a background job. + +uu. Command printing is more consistent when to print `function' before a + shell function name. + +vv. Fixed a bug that caused unset not to remove a function named a[b] if + there was no array variable a. + +ww. Posix mode doesn't perform function lookup for function names containing + a slash. + +xx. <( and >( can now be used in funtion names. + +yy. Fixed a bug that caused tilde expansion not to be performed on some + array subscripts. + +zz. Fixed key-value pair associative array assignment to be more consistent + with compound array assignment, and indexed array assignment (a=(zero one)) + to be more consistent with explicitly assigning indices one by one. + +aaa. In posix mode, extra arguments to `fc' are now an error. + +bbb. The bash readline commands that perform history and alias expansion try + to place point closer to where it was in the unexpanded line. + +ccc. Fixed multiple invocations of `local -' in the same shell function to + have the same effect as one. + +ddd. Don't export $_ if allexport is set. + +eee. Don't add extra newlines to the history if parsing a delimited construct. + +fff. Dynamically-loaded builtins cannot have slashes in their names, since + they'll never be called. + +ggg. Fixed a bug that could cause reading EOF while parsing a quoted string + to terminate the shell. + +hhh. Fixed a bug that caused local variables with the same name as variables + in `declare's temporary environment to be propagated back to the caller. + +iii. Don't try to perform brace expansion on assignment statements in compound + assignments. + +jjj. Fixed a bug that could cause a crash while evaluating an arithmetic for + command if one of the expressions expands to NULL. + +kkk. In posix mode, cd tries to change to what the user typed if the + canonicalized version of that pathname is longer than PATH_MAX. + +lll. Fixes for some errors revealed by address sanitizer. + +mmm. If fork(2) fails, kill the current pipeline processes with SIGKILL after + SIGTERM, in case they're ignoring SIGTERM. + +nnn. Fix to adding command substitutions to history to avoid adding semicolons + where they shouldn't be. + +ooo. Programmable completion and compgen honor the setting of `dotglob'. + +ppp. Use gettimeofday(2) to get time information instead of using time(3). + +qqq. Save and restore readline variables affecting filename completions in + case someone runs `compgen' in the foreground. + +rrr. Treat the failure to open file in $(&- so it doesn't silently close stdin if var is not a number. + +uuu. Follow namerefs in ${name=word} so the shell can implement the POSIX + semantics of returning "the final value of parameter." + +vvv. Bash performs better nameref loop detection in several lookup cases. + +www. SIGINT will now break out of loops if a process executed in the loop dies + due to SIGINT, not just if the loop body is a list. This is no longer + dependent on the compatibility level. + +xxx. FIGNORE suffixes can now match the entire pathname, like tcsh, instead + of requiring a non-empty prefix. + +yyy. Fix bug that caused FUNCNAME not to be reset after a parse error with + compound assignments to local variables. + +zzz. Fix bug that caused `jobs' not to remove jobs from the list in a SIGCHLD + trap. + +aaaa. Fix bug that caused `ignoreeof' to be ignored if EOF is read at a + secondary prompt or while parsing a command substitution. + +bbbb. Fixes to removing jobs from the jobs table when the user isn't notified; + has effects of fixing issues with `wait -n' not finding jobs. + +cccc. Fixes to loadable builtin processing so that we never pass a null + pathname or try to load a builtin that's not found if the -n option is + supplied. + +dddd. Work around system-specific problems (macOS) where isblank(3) returns + true for characters >= 0x80 in a UTF-8 locale. + +eeee. Fix for crash while parsing alias expansions that include compound + assignments. + +ffff. Fixe for non-interactive shells reading a script file that ends with + backslash preceding EOF. + +gggg. Fix to command printing when here-documents are attached to compound + commands in lists. + +hhhh. Fix bug with sourcing `files' created by process substitutions inside + a `.' script. + +iiii. Fixes to declare builtin to treat arguments to declare -f that look like + assignment statements or array references as function names. + +jjjj. Fixed a variable conversion problem when exporting a variable in the + temporary environment back to the calling scope. + +kkkk. BASH_REMATCH can now be a local variable. + +llll. Subshell commands clear process substitutions so anything created by a + redirection doesn't affect the subshell. + +mmmm. Fixes for several small memory leaks. + +nnnn. The shell simply ignores attempts to assign to `noassign' variables + instead of treating them as an assignment error and possibly causing + the shell to exit. + +oooo. If the cd builtin uses $OLDPWD, allow it to use $CDPATH if the user has + set it to something that's not a full pathname. + +pppp. The test builtin only supports the optional argument to -t if parsing + an expression with more than four aguments and not in posix mode. + +qqqq. Changes to filename quoting and rewriting to deal with NFC and NFD + Unicode forms (primarily for macOS). + +rrrr. Send SIGCONT to a job we've just restarted with fg or bg, even if we + think it's already running. + +ssss. Fixes for setting the line number associated with a simple command. + +tttt. Many changes for integer overflow and out-of-range arguments to printf. + +uuuu. Fixes for the read builtin and unescaped backslashes preceding NULs or + the end of the input. + +vvvv. The -[anrw] options to the history builtin should have no effect if + HISTFILE is unset or null. + +wwww. If programmable completion uses something different than what the user + typed as the command name (full pathname, alias, etc.), display what's + actually used in `compopt' output. + +xxxx. Fix bug with closing /dev/fd process substitutions in shell functions. + +yyyy. Fix bug with `declare -g' trying to convert a global associative array + to an indexed array. + +zzzz. Fix bash history expansion characters so we don't get empty history + events. + +aaaaa. Allow `time' and `!' reserved words to be followed by `&', which POSIX + interp 267 says is required. + +bbbbb. Upgrade intl library to the one from gettext-0.21.1. + +ccccc. Fix line number in the event that a simple command jumps back to the + top level on error. + +ddddd. Make the order of setting BASH_COMMAND, running the DEBUG trap, and + printing PS4 consistent across all command types. + +eeeee. Rely on child processes to set the terminal process group instead of + having the parent do it as well. + +fffff. Fix `printf' to consume entire multibyte characters in the format string, + in case the encoding contains `/' or `%'. + +ggggg. Fix `hash' to return 1 if -d is supplied and the hash table is empty. + +hhhhh. Fix `select' command to be like `for' in that an invalid selection + variable is a fatal error in posix mode. + +iiiii. Fix to parameter length expansion to avoid expanding dynamic variables + (e.g., RANDOM) more than once. + +jjjjj. Fix to `shift', `break', and `continue' to skip over a `--' when + printing an invalid argument error message. + +kkkkk. Fix bug that caused an invalid arithmetic expression in an arithmetic + `for' command to leave the loop level set to the wrong value, preventing + `break' and `continue' from working. + +lllll. Fix problem with removing escapes in the `E' variable transformation. + +mmmmm. Fix bug with word splitting if `read' assigns to IFS. + +nnnnn. Fix posix-mode cases where failure of special builtins did not cause + the shell to exit. + +ooooo. Some fixes to cases where the shell quotes characters that are special + internally. + +ppppp. Fix error with read builtin trying to assign to a readonly variable. + +qqqqq. Fix a slight race condition when bash receives a SIGINT while waiting + for a foreground job. + +rrrrr. Fix integer parsing to accept more whitespace characters after the + digit string -- the same ones we accept before the digits. + +sssss. Fix a crash when attempting to brace-expand a very large list of + strings fails. + +ttttt. Fix dynamic loading of builtins not to look in the current directory + if looking in BASH_LOADABLES_PATH is not successful, like $PATH + searching. + +uuuuu. Fix `bind -x' commands to understand negative argument counts. + +vvvvv. Disable fork optimization if the shell is running startup files because + SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC was enabled; prevents infinite recursion. + +wwwww. Fix `unset' builtin to implement POSIX interp 1009, which says that + unsetting a variable in the temporary environment unsets the variable + in the enclosing scope also, in posix mode. + +xxxxx. Fix parser to read here-document body from the current alias, if that's + where input is being read from. + +yyyyy. Fix an off-by-one error that caused completion to fail for certain + pathnames containing backslash-quoted single-quotes. + +zzzzz. Fix command printing to print a coproc name only if the coproc command + is not a simple command. + +aaaaaa. Fix prompt string decoding to preserve the value of $_. + +bbbbbb. In posix mode, supplying a non-identifier as a function name to `export' + or `readonly' should cause the shell to exit, since these are special + builtins. + +cccccc. Fix a crash that happens due to accessing freed memory if the parser + encounters a syntax error while parsing an alias or a compound + assignment. + +dddddd. Fix a bug that could cause errors while executing a DEBUG trap in a + pipeline. + +eeeeee. Fix a bug where exiting a subshell should not try to restore the + terminal settings if that subshell didn't reinitialize them. + +ffffff. Remove long-lived workaround for old AFS bug that causes problems with + modern implementations. + +gggggg. Fix a bug that caused an assignment error to BASHOPTS or SHELLOPTS to + remove the variable's readonly attribute. + +hhhhhh. Fix for a crash if a pathname argument to `cd' is NULL and the current + directory has been removed. + +iiiiii. Fix a bug with shell-expand-line readline command that caused it to + interpret quoted single quotes incorrectly when inside $'...'. + +jjjjjj. Fix to the declare builtin to catch more invalid option combinations. + +kkkkkk. Fix to avoid unsafe execution of the EXIT trap if a terminating signal + arrives while bash is waiting for a foreground process. + +llllll. Fixed a bug that allowed attribute changes to readonly variables that + changed the effects of attempted assignments. + +mmmmmm. Fix bug that caused quoting errors if $* was expanded in a context + where word splitting was not performed. + +oooooo. Fix bug that caused declare commands with `-' and `+' options and an + assignment statement to be misinterpreted. + +pppppp. Retry opening startup files if the open is interrupted by a signal + and is not automatically restarted. + +qqqqqq. Fix printing a case command where one of the case command lists begins + with the word `esac'. + +rrrrrr. Fix for history and command number expansion when expanding a prompt + string that contains the @P variable transformation. + +ssssss. Fix a bug that could cause the shell to hang if a script used multiple + coprocesses without manually closing file descriptors associated with + existing coprocesses. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug in clearing the visible line structure before redisplay. + +b. Fix a bug where setlocale(3) returning NULL caused a crash. + +c. Fixed signal checking in callback mode to handle signals that arrive before + readline restore's the application's signal handlers. + +d. Fixed a bug with word completion where the directory name needs to be + dequoted and tilde-expanded. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused compilation to fail on systems with select but not + pselect. + +f. System-specific changes for: WIN32, z/OS, Cygwin, MSYS + +g. Fixed a bug that caused word completion mismatches if the quoted text the + user typed was longer than the unquoted match. + +h. Fixes for freeing undo lists that might appear in history list entries + after non-incremental searches. + +i. Fixes for some errors revealed by address sanitizer. + +j. In vi mode, if an `f' or `F' move command associated with a `c' or `C' + command fails, don't enter insert mode. + +k. Fixed bug with truncating a history file containing timestamps that caused + the timestamp associated with the first history entry not to be written. + +l. Fix vi-mode so that a motion command attached to d/D, y/Y, or t/T must + consume or delete at least one character. + +m. Fix a redisplay error when displaying meta characters as octal sequences + and other C locale issues. + +n. Fix error that caused characters composing an incomplete multibyte + character not to be inserted into the line. + +o. In callback mode, let the application echo the signal characters (e.g., ^C) + when the application's signal handlers are installed. + +p. Added some support for lines that consume more than the physical number of + screen lines. + +q. Make sure dump-variables returns the string values for active-region-start-color + and active-region-end-color if they're set. + +r. Fixes to how characters between 128 and 159 are printed when displaying + macro values (use symbolic notation instead of directly printing the + character). + +s. Don't convert meta characters that contain NULL (\M-\C-@) to actual NULs, + which prematurely terminates the macro value. + +t. Fix typo in the readline color prefix extension that it uses for coloring + filename prefixes when displaying possible completions. + +u. Call the filename rewrite hook on the word being completed before comparing + it against possible completions from the file system to get consistent + strings. + +v. Fix infinite recursion that can happen if someone binds a key that doesn't + have a different upper and lower case represenation to do-lowercase-version. + +w. Check for non-ANSI (dumb) terminals a little more thoroughly. + +x. Don't attempt to history-expand the `quick substitution' character at the + beginning of a line if the application has set the quoting state to single + quotes. + +y. Fix small memory leak if non-incremental or incremental search is + interrupted by a signal. + +z. Loading very large history files should be much faster. + +aa. Retry opening startup files if the open is interrupted by a signal + and is not automatically restarted. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. When checking whether a script file argument is a binary file, check the + first two lines of a script if the first line begins with `#!'. + +b. Bash does a better job of preserving user-supplied quotes around a word + completion, instead of requoting it. + +c. Bash reports the starting line number in an error message about an + unterminated compound command like `if' without a `fi'. + +d. Implement the POSIX requirement that running the `jobs' builtin removes + jobs from the jobs list. + +f. Call bash signal handlers while executing programmable completion commands, + instead of readline's. + +g. Print an error message if a regular expression used with [[ fails to compile. + +h. The `umask' builtin now has additional features for full POSIX conformance. + +i. `type -a -P' reports both hashed pathnames and the result of a $PATH search. + +j. `trap' has a new -P option that prints the trap action associated with each + signal argument. + +k. The `command' builtin preceding a declaration builtin (e.g., `declare') + preserves the special asisgnment statement parsing for the declation + builtin. This is a new POSIX requirement. + +l. `printf' uses the `alternate form' for %q and %Q to force single quoting. + +m. `printf' now interprets %ls (%S) and %lc (%C)nas referring to wide strings + and characters, respectively, when in a multibyte locale. + +n. The shell can be compiled with a different default value for the + patsub_replacement option. + +o. Check for window size changes during trap commands, `bind -x' commands, + and programmable completion. + +p. Treat a NULL value for $PATH as equivalent to ".". + +p. New loadable builtins: kv, strptime + +q. GLOBSORT: new variable to specify how to sort the results of pathname + expansion (name, size, blocks, mtime, atime, ctime, none) in ascending + or descending order. + +r. `compgen' has a new option: -V varname. If supplied, it stores the generated + completions into VARNAME instead of printing them on stdout. + +s. New form of command substitution: ${ command; } or ${|command;} to capture + the output of COMMAND without forking a child process and using pipes. + +t. array_expand_once: new shopt option, replaces assoc_expand_once + +u. complete/compopt new option: fullquote; sets rl_full_quoting_desired so all + possible completions are quoted as if they were filenames. + +v. Command timing now allows precisions up to 6 digits instead of 3 in + $TIMEFORMAT. + +w. BASH_MONOSECONDS: new dynamic variable that returns the value of the + system's monotonic clock, if one is available. + +x. BASH_TRAPSIG: new variable, set to the numeric signal number of the trap + being executed while it's running. + +y. The checkwinsize option can be used in subshell commands started from + interactive shells. + +z. In posix mode, the test command < and > binary primaries compare strings + using the current locale. + +aa. bind -x allows new key binding syntax: separate the key sequence and the + command string with whitespace, but require the command string to be + double-quoted if this is used. This allows different quoting options for + the command string. + +bb. Print commands bound to key sequences using `bind -x' with the new key + binding syntax it allows. + +cc. `read' has a new `-E' option to use readline but with the default bash + completion (including programmable completion). + +dd. New bindable readline command name: `bash-vi-complete'. + +ee. New test builtin behavior when parsing a parenthesized subexpression and + test was given more than 4 arguments: scan forward for a closing paren and + call posixtest() if there are 4 or fewer arguments between the parentheses. + Added for compatibility with coreutils test, dependent on the shell + compatibility level. Such expressions remain ambiguous. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Output a newline if there is no prompt and readline reads an empty line. + +b. The history library falls back to stdio when writing the history list if + mmap fails. + +c. New bindable variable `search-ignore-case', causes readline to perform + case-insensitive incremental and non-incremental history searches. + +d. rl_full_quoting_desired: new application-settable variable, causes all + completions to be quoted as if they were filenames. + +e. rl_macro_display_hook: new application-settable function pointer, used if + the application wants to print macro values itself instead of letting + readline do it + +f. rl_reparse_colors: new application-callable function, reparses $LS_COLORS + (presumably after the user changes it) + +g. rl_completion_rewrite_hook: new application-settable function pointer, + called to modify the word being completed before comparing it against + pathnames from the file system. + +h. execute-named-command: a new bindable command that reads the name of a + readline command from the standard input and executes it. Bound to M-x + in emacs mode by default. + +i. Incremental and non-incremental searches now allow ^V/^Q (or, in the former + case, anything bound to quoted-insert) to quote characters in the search + string. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-release, and the previous version, bash-5.2-rc4. diff --git a/CHANGES-5.3 b/CHANGES-5.3 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a981ad4c --- /dev/null +++ b/CHANGES-5.3 @@ -0,0 +1,635 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.3-alpha, and +the previous version, bash-5.2-release. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Stop checking for new mail if an interactive shell is in the middle of + programmable completion or readline command dispatching. + +b. Changes to multibyte character translation to handle shift states better. + +c. Fixed a bug with subshell command execution that caused it to set LINENO + incorrectly. + +d. Fixed a bug that caused some array subscript references in arithmetic + expansions to seg fault. + +e. Don't report on foreground jobs that we won't notify the user about if + jobs is run from a trap handler or a `bind -x' command. + +f. Fixed a bug where temporarily turning on `extglob' while parsing a command + substitution in compatibility mode could leave it set. + +g. Fixed a bug where nested word expansions confused the state parser and + resulted in quotes being required where they should not have been. + +h. Fixed a bug where nested function definitions resulted in `display -F' + printing incorrect line numbers. + +i. Fixed the message printed when the shell gets ENOENT from execve: specific + message about a bad interpreter before the generic error message. + +j. Fixed a spurious debug message when errexit is set and the shell is + exiting from an eval command in a shell function. + +k. Fixed a bug where a pending signal would cause pattern matching to fail in + an exit trap. + +l. Fixed a crash caused by a null replacement string in pattern replacement. + +m. Fixed a bug in interactive shells where a SIGINT received while parsing a + command substitution would leave the expand_aliases option disabled. + +n. Fixed a bug with command printing when printing multiple shell functions + with here-documents inside a command substitution. + +o. Fixed a bug with expanding aliases while parsing command substitutions + inside another word expansion. + +p. Fixed a bug with alias expansion in posix mode in an eval command inside a + command substitution. + +q. Fixed a bug that caused the parser not to reset correctly if it encountered + a syntax error while trying to read a WORD token. + +r. Fixed a bug that caused `<(' and `>(' to trigger process substitution inside + an arithmetic expression. + +s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to unlink FIFOs used for process + substitution before a compound command completes. + +t. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to not recognize some negative + fractional arguments. + +u. Fixed a bug that caused subshells not to run the EXIT trap if a signal + arrived after the command and before returning to the caller. + +v. Fixed a bug where `wait' without arguments could wait for inherited + process substitutions, which are not children of this shell. + +w. Fixed a bug with expanding $* in a here-document body. + +x. Fixed a bug where `declare -p' in a shell function would show the wrong + command for `local -'. + +y. Change for POSIX interpretation 1602 about the default return status for + `return' in a trap command. + +z. Fixed a bug that caused double evaluation of a dynamic variable like + $RANDOM when using certain parameter expansions. + +aa. Fixed a bug where `read -e -t' would cause an interactive shell to exit. + +bb. Fixed a number of bugs with pathname expansion/pattern matching and + slashes in bracket expressions. + +cc. Fixed several bugs with optimizing out forks. + +dd. Fixed a memory leak when referencing unset associative array elements. + +ee. System-specific changes for: WIN32 + +ff. Perform more cleanup if the shell exceeds maximum function nesting level. + +gg. Fixed a bug that caused `eval' to run the ERR trap in commands where it + should not. + +hh. Fixed nameref expansion where nameref values are valid length expansion + expressions but invalid identifiers. + +ii. Fixed an error that caused syntax errors when expanding nested word + expansions inside a here-document. + +jj. POSIX special builtins now exit the shell in posix mode on more failure + cases. + +kk. Brace expansion is interruptible at more spots, so long expansions can + be interrupted more quickly. + +ll. Fixed a crash caused by running `set -o emacs' in `bash -c command'. + +mm. Fixed a bug that caused bash to reset the terminal process group before + a command exited if it received a SIGINT in a non-interactive shell. + +nn. Significant changes to the source code to make it C23-conformant, including + C23 undefined behavior. + +oo. Treat read(2) errors while reading input as immediately fatal errors + instead of the traditional EOF; POSIX interp 1629 + +pp. Fix to allow asynchronous commands to use `trap' to reset signals that + are ignored during the command; POSIX interp 751. + +qq. Fix a posix-mode bug with alias expansion when checking for reserved + words and the previous alias expansion ends with a space. + +rr. Programmable completion now creates empty elements in COMP_WORDS if the + cursor is on whitespace just preceding a word. + +ss. Fixed a bug that prevented aliases ending with a space from alias + expanding the next word if more than two aliases are expanded from a + single word. + +tt. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to give the terminal to the shell's + process group when reaping a background job. + +uu. Command printing is more consistent when to print `function' before a + shell function name. + +vv. Fixed a bug that caused unset not to remove a function named a[b] if + there was no array variable a. + +ww. Posix mode doesn't perform function lookup for function names containing + a slash. + +xx. <( and >( can now be used in funtion names. + +yy. Fixed a bug that caused tilde expansion not to be performed on some + array subscripts. + +zz. Fixed key-value pair associative array assignment to be more consistent + with compound array assignment, and indexed array assignment (a=(zero one)) + to be more consistent with explicitly assigning indices one by one. + +aaa. In posix mode, extra arguments to `fc' are now an error. + +bbb. The bash readline commands that perform history and alias expansion try + to place point closer to where it was in the unexpanded line. + +ccc. Fixed multiple invocations of `local -' in the same shell function to + have the same effect as one. + +ddd. Don't export $_ if allexport is set. + +eee. Don't add extra newlines to the history if parsing a delimited construct. + +fff. Dynamically-loaded builtins cannot have slashes in their names, since + they'll never be called. + +ggg. Fixed a bug that could cause reading EOF while parsing a quoted string + to terminate the shell. + +hhh. Fixed a bug that caused local variables with the same name as variables + in `declare's temporary environment to be propagated back to the caller. + +iii. Don't try to perform brace expansion on assignment statements in compound + assignments. + +jjj. Fixed a bug that could cause a crash while evaluating an arithmetic for + command if one of the expressions expands to NULL. + +kkk. In posix mode, cd tries to change to what the user typed if the + canonicalized version of that pathname is longer than PATH_MAX. + +lll. Fixes for some errors revealed by address sanitizer. + +mmm. If fork(2) fails, kill the current pipeline processes with SIGKILL after + SIGTERM, in case they're ignoring SIGTERM. + +nnn. Fix to adding command substitutions to history to avoid adding semicolons + where they shouldn't be. + +ooo. Programmable completion and compgen honor the setting of `dotglob'. + +ppp. Use gettimeofday(2) to get time information instead of using time(3). + +qqq. Save and restore readline variables affecting filename completions in + case someone runs `compgen' in the foreground. + +rrr. Treat the failure to open file in $(&- so it doesn't silently close stdin if var is not a number. + +uuu. Follow namerefs in ${name=word} so the shell can implement the POSIX + semantics of returning "the final value of parameter." + +vvv. Bash performs better nameref loop detection in several lookup cases. + +www. SIGINT will now break out of loops if a process executed in the loop dies + due to SIGINT, not just if the loop body is a list. This is no longer + dependent on the compatibility level. + +xxx. FIGNORE suffixes can now match the entire pathname, like tcsh, instead + of requiring a non-empty prefix. + +yyy. Fix bug that caused FUNCNAME not to be reset after a parse error with + compound assignments to local variables. + +zzz. Fix bug that caused `jobs' not to remove jobs from the list in a SIGCHLD + trap. + +aaaa. Fix bug that caused `ignoreeof' to be ignored if EOF is read at a + secondary prompt or while parsing a command substitution. + +bbbb. Fixes to removing jobs from the jobs table when the user isn't notified; + has effects of fixing issues with `wait -n' not finding jobs. + +cccc. Fixes to loadable builtin processing so that we never pass a null + pathname or try to load a builtin that's not found if the -n option is + supplied. + +dddd. Work around system-specific problems (macOS) where isblank(3) returns + true for characters >= 0x80 in a UTF-8 locale. + +eeee. Fix for crash while parsing alias expansions that include compound + assignments. + +ffff. Fixe for non-interactive shells reading a script file that ends with + backslash preceding EOF. + +gggg. Fix to command printing when here-documents are attached to compound + commands in lists. + +hhhh. Fix bug with sourcing `files' created by process substitutions inside + a `.' script. + +iiii. Fixes to declare builtin to treat arguments to declare -f that look like + assignment statements or array references as function names. + +jjjj. Fixed a variable conversion problem when exporting a variable in the + temporary environment back to the calling scope. + +kkkk. BASH_REMATCH can now be a local variable. + +llll. Subshell commands clear process substitutions so anything created by a + redirection doesn't affect the subshell. + +mmmm. Fixes for several small memory leaks. + +nnnn. The shell simply ignores attempts to assign to `noassign' variables + instead of treating them as an assignment error and possibly causing + the shell to exit. + +oooo. If the cd builtin uses $OLDPWD, allow it to use $CDPATH if the user has + set it to something that's not a full pathname. + +pppp. The test builtin only supports the optional argument to -t if parsing + an expression with more than four aguments and not in posix mode. + +qqqq. Changes to filename quoting and rewriting to deal with NFC and NFD + Unicode forms (primarily for macOS). + +rrrr. Send SIGCONT to a job we've just restarted with fg or bg, even if we + think it's already running. + +ssss. Fixes for setting the line number associated with a simple command. + +tttt. Many changes for integer overflow and out-of-range arguments to printf. + +uuuu. Fixes for the read builtin and unescaped backslashes preceding NULs or + the end of the input. + +vvvv. The -[anrw] options to the history builtin should have no effect if + HISTFILE is unset or null. + +wwww. If programmable completion uses something different than what the user + typed as the command name (full pathname, alias, etc.), display what's + actually used in `compopt' output. + +xxxx. Fix bug with closing /dev/fd process substitutions in shell functions. + +yyyy. Fix bug with `declare -g' trying to convert a global associative array + to an indexed array. + +zzzz. Fix bash history expansion characters so we don't get empty history + events. + +aaaaa. Allow `time' and `!' reserved words to be followed by `&', which POSIX + interp 267 says is required. + +bbbbb. Upgrade intl library to the one from gettext-0.21.1. + +ccccc. Fix line number in the event that a simple command jumps back to the + top level on error. + +ddddd. Make the order of setting BASH_COMMAND, running the DEBUG trap, and + printing PS4 consistent across all command types. + +eeeee. Rely on child processes to set the terminal process group instead of + having the parent do it as well. + +fffff. Fix `printf' to consume entire multibyte characters in the format string, + in case the encoding contains `/' or `%'. + +ggggg. Fix `hash' to return 1 if -d is supplied and the hash table is empty. + +hhhhh. Fix `select' command to be like `for' in that an invalid selection + variable is a fatal error in posix mode. + +iiiii. Fix to parameter length expansion to avoid expanding dynamic variables + (e.g., RANDOM) more than once. + +jjjjj. Fix to `shift', `break', and `continue' to skip over a `--' when + printing an invalid argument error message. + +kkkkk. Fix bug that caused an invalid arithmetic expression in an arithmetic + `for' command to leave the loop level set to the wrong value, preventing + `break' and `continue' from working. + +lllll. Fix problem with removing escapes in the `E' variable transformation. + +mmmmm. Fix bug with word splitting if `read' assigns to IFS. + +nnnnn. Fix posix-mode cases where failure of special builtins did not cause + the shell to exit. + +ooooo. Some fixes to cases where the shell quotes characters that are special + internally. + +ppppp. Fix error with read builtin trying to assign to a readonly variable. + +qqqqq. Fix a slight race condition when bash receives a SIGINT while waiting + for a foreground job. + +rrrrr. Fix integer parsing to accept more whitespace characters after the + digit string -- the same ones we accept before the digits. + +sssss. Fix a crash when attempting to brace-expand a very large list of + strings fails. + +ttttt. Fix dynamic loading of builtins not to look in the current directory + if looking in BASH_LOADABLES_PATH is not successful, like $PATH + searching. + +uuuuu. Fix `bind -x' commands to understand negative argument counts. + +vvvvv. Disable fork optimization if the shell is running startup files because + SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC was enabled; prevents infinite recursion. + +wwwww. Fix `unset' builtin to implement POSIX interp 1009, which says that + unsetting a variable in the temporary environment unsets the variable + in the enclosing scope also, in posix mode. + +xxxxx. Fix parser to read here-document body from the current alias, if that's + where input is being read from. + +yyyyy. Fix an off-by-one error that caused completion to fail for certain + pathnames containing backslash-quoted single-quotes. + +zzzzz. Fix command printing to print a coproc name only if the coproc command + is not a simple command. + +aaaaaa. Fix prompt string decoding to preserve the value of $_. + +bbbbbb. In posix mode, supplying a non-identifier as a function name to `export' + or `readonly' should cause the shell to exit, since these are special + builtins. + +cccccc. Fix a crash that happens due to accessing freed memory if the parser + encounters a syntax error while parsing an alias or a compound + assignment. + +dddddd. Fix a bug that could cause errors while executing a DEBUG trap in a + pipeline. + +eeeeee. Fix a bug where exiting a subshell should not try to restore the + terminal settings if that subshell didn't reinitialize them. + +ffffff. Remove long-lived workaround for old AFS bug that causes problems with + modern implementations. + +gggggg. Fix a bug that caused an assignment error to BASHOPTS or SHELLOPTS to + remove the variable's readonly attribute. + +hhhhhh. Fix for a crash if a pathname argument to `cd' is NULL and the current + directory has been removed. + +iiiiii. Fix a bug with shell-expand-line readline command that caused it to + interpret quoted single quotes incorrectly when inside $'...'. + +jjjjjj. Fix to the declare builtin to catch more invalid option combinations. + +kkkkkk. Fix to avoid unsafe execution of the EXIT trap if a terminating signal + arrives while bash is waiting for a foreground process. + +llllll. Fixed a bug that allowed attribute changes to readonly variables that + changed the effects of attempted assignments. + +mmmmmm. Fix bug that caused quoting errors if $* was expanded in a context + where word splitting was not performed. + +oooooo. Fix bug that caused declare commands with `-' and `+' options and an + assignment statement to be misinterpreted. + +pppppp. Retry opening startup files if the open is interrupted by a signal + and is not automatically restarted. + +qqqqqq. Fix printing a case command where one of the case command lists begins + with the word `esac'. + +rrrrrr. Fix for history and command number expansion when expanding a prompt + string that contains the @P variable transformation. + +ssssss. Fix a bug that could cause the shell to hang if a script used multiple + coprocesses without manually closing file descriptors associated with + existing coprocesses. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug in clearing the visible line structure before redisplay. + +b. Fix a bug where setlocale(3) returning NULL caused a crash. + +c. Fixed signal checking in callback mode to handle signals that arrive before + readline restore's the application's signal handlers. + +d. Fixed a bug with word completion where the directory name needs to be + dequoted and tilde-expanded. + +e. Fixed a bug that caused compilation to fail on systems with select but not + pselect. + +f. System-specific changes for: WIN32, z/OS, Cygwin, MSYS + +g. Fixed a bug that caused word completion mismatches if the quoted text the + user typed was longer than the unquoted match. + +h. Fixes for freeing undo lists that might appear in history list entries + after non-incremental searches. + +i. Fixes for some errors revealed by address sanitizer. + +j. In vi mode, if an `f' or `F' move command associated with a `c' or `C' + command fails, don't enter insert mode. + +k. Fixed bug with truncating a history file containing timestamps that caused + the timestamp associated with the first history entry not to be written. + +l. Fix vi-mode so that a motion command attached to d/D, y/Y, or t/T must + consume or delete at least one character. + +m. Fix a redisplay error when displaying meta characters as octal sequences + and other C locale issues. + +n. Fix error that caused characters composing an incomplete multibyte + character not to be inserted into the line. + +o. In callback mode, let the application echo the signal characters (e.g., ^C) + when the application's signal handlers are installed. + +p. Added some support for lines that consume more than the physical number of + screen lines. + +q. Make sure dump-variables returns the string values for active-region-start-color + and active-region-end-color if they're set. + +r. Fixes to how characters between 128 and 159 are printed when displaying + macro values (use symbolic notation instead of directly printing the + character). + +s. Don't convert meta characters that contain NULL (\M-\C-@) to actual NULs, + which prematurely terminates the macro value. + +t. Fix typo in the readline color prefix extension that it uses for coloring + filename prefixes when displaying possible completions. + +u. Call the filename rewrite hook on the word being completed before comparing + it against possible completions from the file system to get consistent + strings. + +v. Fix infinite recursion that can happen if someone binds a key that doesn't + have a different upper and lower case represenation to do-lowercase-version. + +w. Check for non-ANSI (dumb) terminals a little more thoroughly. + +x. Don't attempt to history-expand the `quick substitution' character at the + beginning of a line if the application has set the quoting state to single + quotes. + +y. Fix small memory leak if non-incremental or incremental search is + interrupted by a signal. + +z. Loading very large history files should be much faster. + +aa. Retry opening startup files if the open is interrupted by a signal + and is not automatically restarted. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. When checking whether a script file argument is a binary file, check the + first two lines of a script if the first line begins with `#!'. + +b. Bash does a better job of preserving user-supplied quotes around a word + completion, instead of requoting it. + +c. Bash reports the starting line number in an error message about an + unterminated compound command like `if' without a `fi'. + +d. Implement the POSIX requirement that running the `jobs' builtin removes + jobs from the jobs list. + +f. Call bash signal handlers while executing programmable completion commands, + instead of readline's. + +g. Print an error message if a regular expression used with [[ fails to compile. + +h. The `umask' builtin now has additional features for full POSIX conformance. + +i. `type -a -P' reports both hashed pathnames and the result of a $PATH search. + +j. `trap' has a new -P option that prints the trap action associated with each + signal argument. + +k. The `command' builtin preceding a declaration builtin (e.g., `declare') + preserves the special asisgnment statement parsing for the declation + builtin. This is a new POSIX requirement. + +l. `printf' uses the `alternate form' for %q and %Q to force single quoting. + +m. `printf' now interprets %ls (%S) and %lc (%C)nas referring to wide strings + and characters, respectively, when in a multibyte locale. + +n. The shell can be compiled with a different default value for the + patsub_replacement option. + +o. Check for window size changes during trap commands, `bind -x' commands, + and programmable completion. + +p. Treat a NULL value for $PATH as equivalent to ".". + +p. New loadable builtins: kv, strptime + +q. GLOBSORT: new variable to specify how to sort the results of pathname + expansion (name, size, blocks, mtime, atime, ctime, none) in ascending + or descending order. + +r. `compgen' has a new option: -V varname. If supplied, it stores the generated + completions into VARNAME instead of printing them on stdout. + +s. New form of command substitution: ${ command; } or ${|command;} to capture + the output of COMMAND without forking a child process and using pipes. + +t. array_expand_once: new shopt option, replaces assoc_expand_once + +u. complete/compopt new option: fullquote; sets rl_full_quoting_desired so all + possible completions are quoted as if they were filenames. + +v. Command timing now allows precisions up to 6 digits instead of 3 in + $TIMEFORMAT. + +w. BASH_MONOSECONDS: new dynamic variable that returns the value of the + system's monotonic clock, if one is available. + +x. BASH_TRAPSIG: new variable, set to the numeric signal number of the trap + being executed while it's running. + +y. The checkwinsize option can be used in subshell commands started from + interactive shells. + +z. In posix mode, the test command < and > binary primaries compare strings + using the current locale. + +aa. bind -x allows new key binding syntax: separate the key sequence and the + command string with whitespace, but require the command string to be + double-quoted if this is used. This allows different quoting options for + the command string. + +bb. Print commands bound to key sequences using `bind -x' with the new key + binding syntax it allows. + +cc. `read' has a new `-E' option to use readline but with the default bash + completion (including programmable completion). + +dd. New bindable readline command name: `bash-vi-complete'. + +ee. New test builtin behavior when parsing a parenthesized subexpression and + test was given more than 4 arguments: scan forward for a closing paren and + call posixtest() if there are 4 or fewer arguments between the parentheses. + Added for compatibility with coreutils test, dependent on the shell + compatibility level. Such expressions remain ambiguous. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Output a newline if there is no prompt and readline reads an empty line. + +b. The history library falls back to stdio when writing the history list if + mmap fails. + +c. New bindable variable `search-ignore-case', causes readline to perform + case-insensitive incremental and non-incremental history searches. + +d. rl_full_quoting_desired: new application-settable variable, causes all + completions to be quoted as if they were filenames. + +e. rl_macro_display_hook: new application-settable function pointer, used if + the application wants to print macro values itself instead of letting + readline do it + +f. rl_reparse_colors: new application-callable function, reparses $LS_COLORS + (presumably after the user changes it) + +g. rl_completion_rewrite_hook: new application-settable function pointer, + called to modify the word being completed before comparing it against + pathnames from the file system. + +h. execute-named-command: a new bindable command that reads the name of a + readline command from the standard input and executes it. Bound to M-x + in emacs mode by default. + +i. Incremental and non-incremental searches now allow ^V/^Q (or, in the former + case, anything bound to quoted-insert) to quote characters in the search + string. diff --git a/COMPAT b/COMPAT index 3c05bee0..3f7547fd 100644 --- a/COMPAT +++ b/COMPAT @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ Compatibility with previous versions ==================================== This document details the incompatibilities between this version of bash, -bash-5.2, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-3.2 (which is +bash-5.3, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-3.2 (which is still the `standard' version for Mac OS X), 4.2/4.3 (which are still -standard on a few Linux distributions), and bash-4.4/bash-5.0/bash-5.1, -the current widely-available versions. These were discovered by users of -bash-2.x through 5.x, so this list is not comprehensive. Some of these -incompatibilities occur between the current version and versions 2.0 and -above. +standard on a few Linux distributions), and bash-4.4 and +bash-5.0/bash-5.1/bash-5.2, the current widely-available versions. +These were discovered by users of bash-2.x through 5.x, so this list is not +comprehensive. Some of these incompatibilities occur between the current +version and versions 2.0 and above. 1. Bash uses a new quoting syntax, $"...", to do locale-specific string translation. Users who have relied on the (undocumented) @@ -422,6 +422,12 @@ above. differently than previous versions, and differently depending on whether the array is indexed or associative. +67. The `test' builtin in bash-5.3 treats parenthesized subexpressions when + given more than four arguments differently. It scans forward for a + closing paren and counts the number of arguments between the parens. If + there are four or fewer, it uses the posix test algorithm on the + subexpression. + Shell Compatibility Level ========================= @@ -578,6 +584,10 @@ compat51 (set using BASH_COMPAT) expansion time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the command is executed. +compat52 (set using BASH_COMPAT) + - the test builtin uses its historical algorithm for parsing + expressions composed of five or more primaries. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index d95ae94c..34cbcf6d 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -9051,3 +9051,57 @@ lib/readline/doc/history.3 - fix some paragraph spacing and other layout/spacing/hyphenation issues Fixes from G. Branden Robinson + + 4/1 + --- +execute_cmd.c + - shell_execve: minor changes to code that checks the #! interpreter + name + +execute_cmd.c + - execute_coproc: if MULTIPLE_COPROCS is not defined, close any old + file descriptors corresponding to sh_coproc. The user can still + copy them from the coproc array if desired; this prevents the shell + from hanging if a second coproc inherits file descriptors from a + previous one + From a report by Carl Edquist + +jobs.c,nojobs.c,jobs.h + - process_exit_status: no longer static, public function with an + extern declaration + + 4/2 + --- +execute_cmd.c,execute_cmd.h + - coproc_pidchk: now takes a full WAIT status word as a second + argument instead of just the exit status; arranged the prototype + to only be included if the source file includes posixwait.h for WAIT + +jobs.c + - waitchld: call coproc_pidchk with a WAIT second argument (like + nojobs.c does) + +command.h + - COPROC_STOPPED,COPROC_FOREGROUND: new flags values for coproc + +execute_cmd.c + - coproc_setstatus: now takes a full WAIT status word as the second + argument, passed from coproc_pidchk + - coproc_setstatus: use process_exit_status to translate a WAIT into + an int status, doing proper termsig+128 handling + - coproc_getstate: take a WAIT and return the appropriate COPROC_ + status flag (DEAD, STOPPED, etc.) + - coproc_setstatus: use coproc_getstate to set cp->c_flags + + 4/4 + --- +configure.ac + - changed release status to bash-5.3-alpha + - AC_PROG_GCC_TRADITIONAL: removed, since it no longer is supported + in autoconf-2.72 (which MacPorts upgraded me to) + +test.c + - term: made change of 3/25 dependent on the compatibility level + +support/config.guess,support/config.sub,support/config.rpath + - new versions, imported from gnulib diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL index 8373c9b2..f2e66b22 100644 --- a/INSTALL +++ b/INSTALL @@ -5,45 +5,45 @@ These are installation instructions for Bash. The simplest way to compile Bash is: - 1. 'cd' to the directory containing the source code and type - './configure' to configure Bash for your system. If you're using - 'csh' on an old version of System V, you might need to type 'sh - ./configure' instead to prevent 'csh' from trying to execute - 'configure' itself. + 1. ‘cd’ to the directory containing the source code and type + ‘./configure’ to configure Bash for your system. If you're using + ‘csh’ on an old version of System V, you might need to type ‘sh + ./configure’ instead to prevent ‘csh’ from trying to execute + ‘configure’ itself. - Running 'configure' takes some time. While running, it prints + Running ‘configure’ takes some time. While running, it prints messages telling which features it is checking for. - 2. Type 'make' to compile Bash and build the 'bashbug' bug reporting + 2. Type ‘make’ to compile Bash and build the ‘bashbug’ bug reporting script. - 3. Optionally, type 'make tests' to run the Bash test suite. + 3. Optionally, type ‘make tests’ to run the Bash test suite. - 4. Type 'make install' to install 'bash' and 'bashbug'. This will + 4. Type ‘make install’ to install ‘bash’ and ‘bashbug’. This will also install the manual pages and Info file, message translation files, some supplemental documentation, a number of example loadable builtin commands, and a set of header files for developing loadable builtins. You may need additional privileges to install - 'bash' to your desired destination, so 'sudo make install' might be + ‘bash’ to your desired destination, so ‘sudo make install’ might be required. More information about controlling the locations where - 'bash' and other files are installed is below (*note Installation + ‘bash’ and other files are installed is below (*note Installation Names::). -The 'configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for +The ‘configure’ shell script attempts to guess correct values for various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses -those values to create a 'Makefile' in each directory of the package -(the top directory, the 'builtins', 'doc', 'po', and 'support' -directories, each directory under 'lib', and several others). It also -creates a 'config.h' file containing system-dependent definitions. -Finally, it creates a shell script named 'config.status' that you can +those values to create a ‘Makefile’ in each directory of the package +(the top directory, the ‘builtins’, ‘doc’, ‘po’, and ‘support’ +directories, each directory under ‘lib’, and several others). It also +creates a ‘config.h’ file containing system-dependent definitions. +Finally, it creates a shell script named ‘config.status’ that you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a file -'config.cache' that saves the results of its tests to speed up -reconfiguring, and a file 'config.log' containing compiler output -(useful mainly for debugging 'configure'). If at some point -'config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove +‘config.cache’ that saves the results of its tests to speed up +reconfiguring, and a file ‘config.log’ containing compiler output +(useful mainly for debugging ‘configure’). If at some point +‘config.cache’ contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it. -To find out more about the options and arguments that the 'configure' +To find out more about the options and arguments that the ‘configure’ script understands, type bash-4.2$ ./configure --help @@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ at the Bash prompt in your Bash source directory. If you want to build Bash in a directory separate from the source directory - to build for multiple architectures, for example - just use the full path to the configure script. The following commands will -build Bash in a directory under '/usr/local/build' from the source code -in '/usr/local/src/bash-4.4': +build Bash in a directory under ‘/usr/local/build’ from the source code +in ‘/usr/local/src/bash-4.4’: mkdir /usr/local/build/bash-4.4 cd /usr/local/build/bash-4.4 @@ -65,32 +65,32 @@ See *note Compiling For Multiple Architectures:: for more information about building in a directory separate from the source. If you need to do unusual things to compile Bash, please try to figure -out how 'configure' could check whether or not to do them, and mail +out how ‘configure’ could check whether or not to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to so they can be considered for the next release. -The file 'configure.ac' is used to create 'configure' by a program -called Autoconf. You only need 'configure.ac' if you want to change it -or regenerate 'configure' using a newer version of Autoconf. If you do +The file ‘configure.ac’ is used to create ‘configure’ by a program +called Autoconf. You only need ‘configure.ac’ if you want to change it +or regenerate ‘configure’ using a newer version of Autoconf. If you do this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.69 or newer. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the source -code directory by typing 'make clean'. To also remove the files that -'configure' created (so you can compile Bash for a different kind of -computer), type 'make distclean'. +code directory by typing ‘make clean’. To also remove the files that +‘configure’ created (so you can compile Bash for a different kind of +computer), type ‘make distclean’. Compilers and Options ===================== Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that the -'configure' script does not know about. You can give 'configure' +‘configure’ script does not know about. You can give ‘configure’ initial values for variables by setting them in the environment. Using a Bourne-compatible shell, you can do that on the command line like this: CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure -On systems that have the 'env' program, you can do it like this: +On systems that have the ‘env’ program, you can do it like this: env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure @@ -101,69 +101,69 @@ Compiling For Multiple Architectures You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their own -directory. To do this, you must use a version of 'make' that supports -the 'VPATH' variable, such as GNU 'make'. 'cd' to the directory where -you want the object files and executables to go and run the 'configure' +directory. To do this, you must use a version of ‘make’ that supports +the ‘VPATH’ variable, such as GNU ‘make’. ‘cd’ to the directory where +you want the object files and executables to go and run the ‘configure’ script from the source directory (*note Basic Installation::). You may -need to supply the '--srcdir=PATH' argument to tell 'configure' where -the source files are. 'configure' automatically checks for the source -code in the directory that 'configure' is in and in '..'. +need to supply the ‘--srcdir=PATH’ argument to tell ‘configure’ where +the source files are. ‘configure’ automatically checks for the source +code in the directory that ‘configure’ is in and in '..'. -If you have to use a 'make' that does not support the 'VPATH' variable, +If you have to use a ‘make’ that does not support the ‘VPATH’ variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have installed Bash for one architecture, use -'make distclean' before reconfiguring for another architecture. +‘make distclean’ before reconfiguring for another architecture. Alternatively, if your system supports symbolic links, you can use the -'support/mkclone' script to create a build tree which has symbolic links +‘support/mkclone’ script to create a build tree which has symbolic links back to each file in the source directory. Here's an example that creates a build directory in the current directory from a source -directory '/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0': +directory ‘/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0’: bash /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/support/mkclone -s /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0 . -The 'mkclone' script requires Bash, so you must have already built Bash +The ‘mkclone’ script requires Bash, so you must have already built Bash for at least one architecture before you can create build directories for other architectures. Installation Names ================== -By default, 'make install' will install into '/usr/local/bin', -'/usr/local/man', etc.; that is, the "installation prefix" defaults to -'/usr/local'. You can specify an installation prefix other than -'/usr/local' by giving 'configure' the option '--prefix=PATH', or by -specifying a value for the 'prefix' 'make' variable when running 'make -install' (e.g., 'make install prefix=PATH'). The 'prefix' variable -provides a default for 'exec_prefix' and other variables used when +By default, ‘make install’ will install into ‘/usr/local/bin’, +‘/usr/local/man’, etc.; that is, the “installation prefix” defaults to +‘/usr/local’. You can specify an installation prefix other than +‘/usr/local’ by giving ‘configure’ the option ‘--prefix=PATH’, or by +specifying a value for the ‘prefix’ ‘make’ variable when running ‘make +install’ (e.g., ‘make install prefix=PATH’). The ‘prefix’ variable +provides a default for ‘exec_prefix’ and other variables used when installing Bash. You can specify separate installation prefixes for architecture-specific -files and architecture-independent files. If you give 'configure' the -option '--exec-prefix=PATH', 'make install' will use PATH as the prefix +files and architecture-independent files. If you give ‘configure’ the +option ‘--exec-prefix=PATH’, ‘make install’ will use PATH as the prefix for installing programs and libraries. Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix. If you would like to change the installation locations for a single run, -you can specify these variables as arguments to 'make': 'make install -exec_prefix=/' will install 'bash' and 'bashbug' into '/bin' instead of -the default '/usr/local/bin'. +you can specify these variables as arguments to ‘make’: ‘make install +exec_prefix=/’ will install ‘bash’ and ‘bashbug’ into ‘/bin’ instead of +the default ‘/usr/local/bin’. If you want to see the files Bash will install and where it will install them without changing anything on your system, specify the variable -'DESTDIR' as an argument to 'make'. Its value should be the absolute +‘DESTDIR’ as an argument to ‘make’. Its value should be the absolute directory path you'd like to use as the root of your sample installation tree. For example, mkdir /fs1/bash-install make install DESTDIR=/fs1/bash-install -will install 'bash' into '/fs1/bash-install/usr/local/bin/bash', the +will install ‘bash’ into ‘/fs1/bash-install/usr/local/bin/bash’, the documentation into directories within -'/fs1/bash-install/usr/local/share', the example loadable builtins into -'/fs1/bash-install/usr/local/lib/bash', and so on. You can use the -usual 'exec_prefix' and 'prefix' variables to alter the directory paths -beneath the value of 'DESTDIR'. +‘/fs1/bash-install/usr/local/share’, the example loadable builtins into +‘/fs1/bash-install/usr/local/lib/bash’, and so on. You can use the +usual ‘exec_prefix’ and ‘prefix’ variables to alter the directory paths +beneath the value of ‘DESTDIR’. The GNU Makefile standards provide a more complete description of these variables and their effects. @@ -171,325 +171,325 @@ variables and their effects. Specifying the System Type ========================== -There may be some features 'configure' can not figure out automatically, +There may be some features ‘configure’ can not figure out automatically, but needs to determine by the type of host Bash will run on. Usually -'configure' can figure that out, but if it prints a message saying it -can not guess the host type, give it the '--host=TYPE' option. 'TYPE' -can either be a short name for the system type, such as 'sun4', or a -canonical name with three fields: 'CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM' (e.g., -'i386-unknown-freebsd4.2'). +‘configure’ can figure that out, but if it prints a message saying it +can not guess the host type, give it the ‘--host=TYPE’ option. ‘TYPE’ +can either be a short name for the system type, such as ‘sun4’, or a +canonical name with three fields: ‘CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM’ (e.g., +‘i386-unknown-freebsd4.2’). -See the file 'support/config.sub' for the possible values of each field. +See the file ‘support/config.sub’ for the possible values of each field. Sharing Defaults ================ -If you want to set default values for 'configure' scripts to share, you -can create a site shell script called 'config.site' that gives default -values for variables like 'CC', 'cache_file', and 'prefix'. 'configure' -looks for 'PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then -'PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists. Or, you can set the -'CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script. -A warning: the Bash 'configure' looks for a site script, but not all -'configure' scripts do. +If you want to set default values for ‘configure’ scripts to share, you +can create a site shell script called ‘config.site’ that gives default +values for variables like ‘CC’, ‘cache_file’, and ‘prefix’. ‘configure’ +looks for ‘PREFIX/share/config.site’ if it exists, then +‘PREFIX/etc/config.site’ if it exists. Or, you can set the +‘CONFIG_SITE’ environment variable to the location of the site script. +A warning: the Bash ‘configure’ looks for a site script, but not all +‘configure’ scripts do. Operation Controls ================== -'configure' recognizes the following options to control how it operates. +‘configure’ recognizes the following options to control how it operates. -'--cache-file=FILE' +‘--cache-file=FILE’ Use and save the results of the tests in FILE instead of - './config.cache'. Set FILE to '/dev/null' to disable caching, for - debugging 'configure'. + ‘./config.cache’. Set FILE to ‘/dev/null’ to disable caching, for + debugging ‘configure’. -'--help' - Print a summary of the options to 'configure', and exit. +‘--help’ + Print a summary of the options to ‘configure’, and exit. -'--quiet' -'--silent' -'-q' +‘--quiet’ +‘--silent’ +‘-q’ Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. -'--srcdir=DIR' +‘--srcdir=DIR’ Look for the Bash source code in directory DIR. Usually - 'configure' can determine that directory automatically. + ‘configure’ can determine that directory automatically. -'--version' - Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the 'configure' +‘--version’ + Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the ‘configure’ script, and exit. -'configure' also accepts some other, not widely used, boilerplate -options. 'configure --help' prints the complete list. +‘configure’ also accepts some other, not widely used, boilerplate +options. ‘configure --help’ prints the complete list. Optional Features ================= -The Bash 'configure' has a number of '--enable-FEATURE' options, where +The Bash ‘configure’ has a number of ‘--enable-FEATURE’ options, where FEATURE indicates an optional part of Bash. There are also several -'--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE is something like 'bash-malloc' -or 'purify'. To turn off the default use of a package, use -'--without-PACKAGE'. To configure Bash without a feature that is -enabled by default, use '--disable-FEATURE'. +‘--with-PACKAGE’ options, where PACKAGE is something like ‘bash-malloc’ +or ‘purify’. To turn off the default use of a package, use +‘--without-PACKAGE’. To configure Bash without a feature that is +enabled by default, use ‘--disable-FEATURE’. -Here is a complete list of the '--enable-' and '--with-' options that -the Bash 'configure' recognizes. +Here is a complete list of the ‘--enable-’ and ‘--with-’ options that +the Bash ‘configure’ recognizes. -'--with-afs' +‘--with-afs’ Define if you are using the Andrew File System from Transarc. -'--with-bash-malloc' - Use the Bash version of 'malloc' in the directory 'lib/malloc'. - This is not the same 'malloc' that appears in GNU libc, but an - older version originally derived from the 4.2 BSD 'malloc'. This - 'malloc' is very fast, but wastes some space on each allocation. - This option is enabled by default. The 'NOTES' file contains a +‘--with-bash-malloc’ + Use the Bash version of ‘malloc’ in the directory ‘lib/malloc’. + This is not the same ‘malloc’ that appears in GNU libc, but an + older version originally derived from the 4.2 BSD ‘malloc’. This + ‘malloc’ is very fast, but wastes some space on each allocation. + This option is enabled by default. The ‘NOTES’ file contains a list of systems for which this should be turned off, and - 'configure' disables this option automatically for a number of + ‘configure’ disables this option automatically for a number of systems. -'--with-curses' +‘--with-curses’ Use the curses library instead of the termcap library. This should be supplied if your system has an inadequate or incomplete termcap database. -'--with-gnu-malloc' - A synonym for '--with-bash-malloc'. +‘--with-gnu-malloc’ + A synonym for ‘--with-bash-malloc’. -'--with-installed-readline[=PREFIX]' +‘--with-installed-readline[=PREFIX]’ Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of - Readline rather than the version in 'lib/readline'. This works - only with Readline 5.0 and later versions. If PREFIX is 'yes' or - not supplied, 'configure' uses the values of the make variables - 'includedir' and 'libdir', which are subdirectories of 'prefix' by + Readline rather than the version in ‘lib/readline’. This works + only with Readline 5.0 and later versions. If PREFIX is ‘yes’ or + not supplied, ‘configure’ uses the values of the make variables + ‘includedir’ and ‘libdir’, which are subdirectories of ‘prefix’ by default, to find the installed version of Readline if it is not in the standard system include and library directories. If PREFIX is - 'no', Bash links with the version in 'lib/readline'. If PREFIX is - set to any other value, 'configure' treats it as a directory + ‘no’, Bash links with the version in ‘lib/readline’. If PREFIX is + set to any other value, ‘configure’ treats it as a directory pathname and looks for the installed version of Readline in - subdirectories of that directory (include files in PREFIX/'include' - and the library in PREFIX/'lib'). + subdirectories of that directory (include files in PREFIX/‘include’ + and the library in PREFIX/‘lib’). -'--with-libintl-prefix[=PREFIX]' +‘--with-libintl-prefix[=PREFIX]’ Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of - the libintl library instead of the version in 'lib/intl'. + the libintl library instead of the version in ‘lib/intl’. -'--with-libiconv-prefix[=PREFIX]' +‘--with-libiconv-prefix[=PREFIX]’ Define this to make Bash look for libiconv in PREFIX instead of the standard system locations. There is no version included with Bash. -'--enable-minimal-config' +‘--enable-minimal-config’ This produces a shell with minimal features, close to the historical Bourne shell. -There are several '--enable-' options that alter how Bash is compiled, +There are several ‘--enable-’ options that alter how Bash is compiled, linked, and installed, rather than changing run-time features. -'--enable-largefile' +‘--enable-largefile’ Enable support for large files (http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lfs20mar.html) if the operating system requires special compiler options to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by default, if the operating system provides large file support. -'--enable-profiling' +‘--enable-profiling’ This builds a Bash binary that produces profiling information to be - processed by 'gprof' each time it is executed. + processed by ‘gprof’ each time it is executed. -'--enable-separate-helpfiles' - Use external files for the documentation displayed by the 'help' +‘--enable-separate-helpfiles’ + Use external files for the documentation displayed by the ‘help’ builtin instead of storing the text internally. -'--enable-static-link' - This causes Bash to be linked statically, if 'gcc' is being used. +‘--enable-static-link’ + This causes Bash to be linked statically, if ‘gcc’ is being used. This could be used to build a version to use as root's shell. -The 'minimal-config' option can be used to disable all of the following +The ‘minimal-config’ option can be used to disable all of the following options, but it is processed first, so individual options may be enabled -using 'enable-FEATURE'. +using ‘enable-FEATURE’. -All of the following options except for 'alt-array-implementation', -'disabled-builtins', 'direxpand-default', 'strict-posix-default', and -'xpg-echo-default' are enabled by default, unless the operating system +All of the following options except for ‘alt-array-implementation’, +‘disabled-builtins’, ‘direxpand-default’, ‘strict-posix-default’, and +‘xpg-echo-default’ are enabled by default, unless the operating system does not provide the necessary support. -'--enable-alias' - Allow alias expansion and include the 'alias' and 'unalias' +‘--enable-alias’ + Allow alias expansion and include the ‘alias’ and ‘unalias’ builtins (*note Aliases::). -'--enable-alt-array-implementation' +‘--enable-alt-array-implementation’ This builds Bash using an alternate implementation of arrays (*note Arrays::) that provides faster access at the expense of using more memory (sometimes many times more, depending on how sparse an array is). -'--enable-arith-for-command' - Include support for the alternate form of the 'for' command that - behaves like the C language 'for' statement (*note Looping +‘--enable-arith-for-command’ + Include support for the alternate form of the ‘for’ command that + behaves like the C language ‘for’ statement (*note Looping Constructs::). -'--enable-array-variables' +‘--enable-array-variables’ Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables (*note Arrays::). -'--enable-bang-history' - Include support for 'csh'-like history substitution (*note History +‘--enable-bang-history’ + Include support for ‘csh’-like history substitution (*note History Interaction::). -'--enable-brace-expansion' - Include 'csh'-like brace expansion ( 'b{a,b}c' ==> 'bac bbc' ). - See *note Brace Expansion::, for a complete description. +‘--enable-brace-expansion’ + Include ‘csh’-like brace expansion ( ‘b{a,b}c’ ↦ ‘bac bbc’ ). See + *note Brace Expansion::, for a complete description. -'--enable-casemod-attributes' - Include support for case-modifying attributes in the 'declare' - builtin and assignment statements. Variables with the 'uppercase' +‘--enable-casemod-attributes’ + Include support for case-modifying attributes in the ‘declare’ + builtin and assignment statements. Variables with the ‘uppercase’ attribute, for example, will have their values converted to uppercase upon assignment. -'--enable-casemod-expansion' +‘--enable-casemod-expansion’ Include support for case-modifying word expansions. -'--enable-command-timing' - Include support for recognizing 'time' as a reserved word and for - displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following 'time' +‘--enable-command-timing’ + Include support for recognizing ‘time’ as a reserved word and for + displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following ‘time’ (*note Pipelines::). This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to be timed. -'--enable-cond-command' - Include support for the '[[' conditional command. (*note +‘--enable-cond-command’ + Include support for the ‘[[’ conditional command. (*note Conditional Constructs::). -'--enable-cond-regexp' +‘--enable-cond-regexp’ Include support for matching POSIX regular expressions using the - '=~' binary operator in the '[[' conditional command. (*note + ‘=~’ binary operator in the ‘[[’ conditional command. (*note Conditional Constructs::). -'--enable-coprocesses' - Include support for coprocesses and the 'coproc' reserved word +‘--enable-coprocesses’ + Include support for coprocesses and the ‘coproc’ reserved word (*note Pipelines::). -'--enable-debugger' +‘--enable-debugger’ Include support for the Bash debugger (distributed separately). -'--enable-dev-fd-stat-broken' - If calling 'stat' on /dev/fd/N returns different results than - calling 'fstat' on file descriptor N, supply this option to enable +‘--enable-dev-fd-stat-broken’ + If calling ‘stat’ on /dev/fd/N returns different results than + calling ‘fstat’ on file descriptor N, supply this option to enable a workaround. This has implications for conditional commands that test file attributes. -'--enable-direxpand-default' - Cause the 'direxpand' shell option (*note The Shopt Builtin::) to +‘--enable-direxpand-default’ + Cause the ‘direxpand’ shell option (*note The Shopt Builtin::) to be enabled by default when the shell starts. It is normally disabled by default. -'--enable-directory-stack' - Include support for a 'csh'-like directory stack and the 'pushd', - 'popd', and 'dirs' builtins (*note The Directory Stack::). +‘--enable-directory-stack’ + Include support for a ‘csh’-like directory stack and the ‘pushd’, + ‘popd’, and ‘dirs’ builtins (*note The Directory Stack::). -'--enable-disabled-builtins' - Allow builtin commands to be invoked via 'builtin xxx' even after - 'xxx' has been disabled using 'enable -n xxx'. See *note Bash - Builtins::, for details of the 'builtin' and 'enable' builtin +‘--enable-disabled-builtins’ + Allow builtin commands to be invoked via ‘builtin xxx’ even after + ‘xxx’ has been disabled using ‘enable -n xxx’. See *note Bash + Builtins::, for details of the ‘builtin’ and ‘enable’ builtin commands. -'--enable-dparen-arithmetic' - Include support for the '((...))' command (*note Conditional +‘--enable-dparen-arithmetic’ + Include support for the ‘((...))’ command (*note Conditional Constructs::). -'--enable-extended-glob' +‘--enable-extended-glob’ Include support for the extended pattern matching features described above under *note Pattern Matching::. -'--enable-extended-glob-default' - Set the default value of the 'extglob' shell option described above +‘--enable-extended-glob-default’ + Set the default value of the ‘extglob’ shell option described above under *note The Shopt Builtin:: to be enabled. -'--enable-function-import' +‘--enable-function-import’ Include support for importing function definitions exported by another instance of the shell from the environment. This option is enabled by default. -'--enable-glob-asciirange-default' - Set the default value of the 'globasciiranges' shell option +‘--enable-glob-asciiranges-default’ + Set the default value of the ‘globasciiranges’ shell option described above under *note The Shopt Builtin:: to be enabled. This controls the behavior of character ranges when used in pattern matching bracket expressions. -'--enable-help-builtin' - Include the 'help' builtin, which displays help on shell builtins +‘--enable-help-builtin’ + Include the ‘help’ builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and variables (*note Bash Builtins::). -'--enable-history' - Include command history and the 'fc' and 'history' builtin commands +‘--enable-history’ + Include command history and the ‘fc’ and ‘history’ builtin commands (*note Bash History Facilities::). -'--enable-job-control' +‘--enable-job-control’ This enables the job control features (*note Job Control::), if the operating system supports them. -'--enable-multibyte' +‘--enable-multibyte’ This enables support for multibyte characters if the operating system provides the necessary support. -'--enable-net-redirections' +‘--enable-net-redirections’ This enables the special handling of filenames of the form - '/dev/tcp/HOST/PORT' and '/dev/udp/HOST/PORT' when used in + ‘/dev/tcp/HOST/PORT’ and ‘/dev/udp/HOST/PORT’ when used in redirections (*note Redirections::). -'--enable-process-substitution' +‘--enable-process-substitution’ This enables process substitution (*note Process Substitution::) if the operating system provides the necessary support. -'--enable-progcomp' +‘--enable-progcomp’ Enable the programmable completion facilities (*note Programmable Completion::). If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect. -'--enable-prompt-string-decoding' +‘--enable-prompt-string-decoding’ Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped - characters in the '$PS0', '$PS1', '$PS2', and '$PS4' prompt + characters in the ‘$PS0’, ‘$PS1’, ‘$PS2’, and ‘$PS4’ prompt strings. See *note Controlling the Prompt::, for a complete list of prompt string escape sequences. -'--enable-readline' +‘--enable-readline’ Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash version of the Readline library (*note Command Line Editing::). -'--enable-restricted' - Include support for a "restricted shell". If this is enabled, - Bash, when called as 'rbash', enters a restricted mode. See *note +‘--enable-restricted’ + Include support for a “restricted shell”. If this is enabled, + Bash, when called as ‘rbash’, enters a restricted mode. See *note The Restricted Shell::, for a description of restricted mode. -'--enable-select' - Include the 'select' compound command, which allows the generation +‘--enable-select’ + Include the ‘select’ compound command, which allows the generation of simple menus (*note Conditional Constructs::). -'--enable-single-help-strings' - Store the text displayed by the 'help' builtin as a single string +‘--enable-single-help-strings’ + Store the text displayed by the ‘help’ builtin as a single string for each help topic. This aids in translating the text to different languages. You may need to disable this if your compiler cannot handle very long string literals. -'--enable-strict-posix-default' +‘--enable-strict-posix-default’ Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (*note Bash POSIX Mode::). -'--enable-translatable-strings' - Enable support for '$"STRING"' translatable strings (*note Locale +‘--enable-translatable-strings’ + Enable support for ‘$"STRING"’ translatable strings (*note Locale Translation::). -'--enable-usg-echo-default' - A synonym for '--enable-xpg-echo-default'. +‘--enable-usg-echo-default’ + A synonym for ‘--enable-xpg-echo-default’. -'--enable-xpg-echo-default' - Make the 'echo' builtin expand backslash-escaped characters by - default, without requiring the '-e' option. This sets the default - value of the 'xpg_echo' shell option to 'on', which makes the Bash - 'echo' behave more like the version specified in the Single Unix +‘--enable-xpg-echo-default’ + Make the ‘echo’ builtin expand backslash-escaped characters by + default, without requiring the ‘-e’ option. This sets the default + value of the ‘xpg_echo’ shell option to ‘on’, which makes the Bash + ‘echo’ behave more like the version specified in the Single Unix Specification, version 3. *Note Bash Builtins::, for a description - of the escape sequences that 'echo' recognizes. + of the escape sequences that ‘echo’ recognizes. -The file 'config-top.h' contains C Preprocessor '#define' statements for -options which are not settable from 'configure'. Some of these are not +The file ‘config-top.h’ contains C Preprocessor ‘#define’ statements for +options which are not settable from ‘configure’. Some of these are not meant to be changed; beware of the consequences if you do. Read the comments associated with each definition for more information about its effect. diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index 62d22127..a9b99054 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -1,3 +1,135 @@ +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-5.3 since +the release of bash-5.2. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. When checking whether a script file argument is a binary file, check the + first two lines of a script if the first line begins with `#!'. + +b. Bash does a better job of preserving user-supplied quotes around a word + completion, instead of requoting it. + +c. Bash reports the starting line number in an error message about an + unterminated compound command like `if' without a `fi'. + +d. Implement the POSIX requirement that running the `jobs' builtin removes + jobs from the jobs list. + +f. Call bash signal handlers while executing programmable completion commands, + instead of readline's. + +g. Print an error message if a regular expression used with [[ fails to compile. + +h. The `umask' builtin now has additional features for full POSIX conformance. + +i. `type -a -P' reports both hashed pathnames and the result of a $PATH search. + +j. `trap' has a new -P option that prints the trap action associated with each + signal argument. + +k. The `command' builtin preceding a declaration builtin (e.g., `declare') + preserves the special asisgnment statement parsing for the declation + builtin. This is a new POSIX requirement. + +l. `printf' uses the `alternate form' for %q and %Q to force single quoting. + +m. `printf' now interprets %ls (%S) and %lc (%C)nas referring to wide strings + and characters, respectively, when in a multibyte locale. + +n. The shell can be compiled with a different default value for the + patsub_replacement option. + +o. Check for window size changes during trap commands, `bind -x' commands, + and programmable completion. + +p. Treat a NULL value for $PATH as equivalent to ".". + +p. New loadable builtins: kv, strptime + +q. GLOBSORT: new variable to specify how to sort the results of pathname + expansion (name, size, blocks, mtime, atime, ctime, none) in ascending + or descending order. + +r. `compgen' has a new option: -V varname. If supplied, it stores the generated + completions into VARNAME instead of printing them on stdout. + +s. New form of command substitution: ${ command; } or ${|command;} to capture + the output of COMMAND without forking a child process and using pipes. + +t. array_expand_once: new shopt option, replaces assoc_expand_once + +u. complete/compopt new option: fullquote; sets rl_full_quoting_desired so all + possible completions are quoted as if they were filenames. + +v. Command timing now allows precisions up to 6 digits instead of 3 in + $TIMEFORMAT. + +w. BASH_MONOSECONDS: new dynamic variable that returns the value of the + system's monotonic clock, if one is available. + +x. BASH_TRAPSIG: new variable, set to the numeric signal number of the trap + being executed while it's running. + +y. The checkwinsize option can be used in subshell commands started from + interactive shells. + +z. In posix mode, the test command < and > binary primaries compare strings + using the current locale. + +aa. bind -x allows new key binding syntax: separate the key sequence and the + command string with whitespace, but require the command string to be + double-quoted if this is used. This allows different quoting options for + the command string. + +bb. Print commands bound to key sequences using `bind -x' with the new key + binding syntax it allows. + +cc. `read' has a new `-E' option to use readline but with the default bash + completion (including programmable completion). + +dd. New bindable readline command name: `bash-vi-complete'. + +ee. New test builtin behavior when parsing a parenthesized subexpression and + test was given more than 4 arguments: scan forward for a closing paren and + call posixtest() if there are 4 or fewer arguments between the parentheses. + Added for compatibility with coreutils test, dependent on the shell + compatibility level. Such expressions remain ambiguous. + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. Output a newline if there is no prompt and readline reads an empty line. + +b. The history library falls back to stdio when writing the history list if + mmap fails. + +c. New bindable variable `search-ignore-case', causes readline to perform + case-insensitive incremental and non-incremental history searches. + +d. rl_full_quoting_desired: new application-settable variable, causes all + completions to be quoted as if they were filenames. + +e. rl_macro_display_hook: new application-settable function pointer, used if + the application wants to print macro values itself instead of letting + readline do it + +f. rl_reparse_colors: new application-callable function, reparses $LS_COLORS + (presumably after the user changes it) + +g. rl_completion_rewrite_hook: new application-settable function pointer, + called to modify the word being completed before comparing it against + pathnames from the file system. + +h. execute-named-command: a new bindable command that reads the name of a + readline command from the standard input and executes it. Bound to M-x + in emacs mode by default. + +i. Incremental and non-incremental searches now allow ^V/^Q (or, in the former + case, anything bound to quoted-insert) to quote characters in the search + string. + + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-5.2 since the release of bash-5.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions. diff --git a/NEWS-5.3 b/NEWS-5.3 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a2758454 --- /dev/null +++ b/NEWS-5.3 @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-5.3 since +the release of bash-5.2. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. When checking whether a script file argument is a binary file, check the + first two lines of a script if the first line begins with `#!'. + +b. Bash does a better job of preserving user-supplied quotes around a word + completion, instead of requoting it. + +c. Bash reports the starting line number in an error message about an + unterminated compound command like `if' without a `fi'. + +d. Implement the POSIX requirement that running the `jobs' builtin removes + jobs from the jobs list. + +f. Call bash signal handlers while executing programmable completion commands, + instead of readline's. + +g. Print an error message if a regular expression used with [[ fails to compile. + +h. The `umask' builtin now has additional features for full POSIX conformance. + +i. `type -a -P' reports both hashed pathnames and the result of a $PATH search. + +j. `trap' has a new -P option that prints the trap action associated with each + signal argument. + +k. The `command' builtin preceding a declaration builtin (e.g., `declare') + preserves the special asisgnment statement parsing for the declation + builtin. This is a new POSIX requirement. + +l. `printf' uses the `alternate form' for %q and %Q to force single quoting. + +m. `printf' now interprets %ls (%S) and %lc (%C)nas referring to wide strings + and characters, respectively, when in a multibyte locale. + +n. The shell can be compiled with a different default value for the + patsub_replacement option. + +o. Check for window size changes during trap commands, `bind -x' commands, + and programmable completion. + +p. Treat a NULL value for $PATH as equivalent to ".". + +p. New loadable builtins: kv, strptime + +q. GLOBSORT: new variable to specify how to sort the results of pathname + expansion (name, size, blocks, mtime, atime, ctime, none) in ascending + or descending order. + +r. `compgen' has a new option: -V varname. If supplied, it stores the generated + completions into VARNAME instead of printing them on stdout. + +s. New form of command substitution: ${ command; } or ${|command;} to capture + the output of COMMAND without forking a child process and using pipes. + +t. array_expand_once: new shopt option, replaces assoc_expand_once + +u. complete/compopt new option: fullquote; sets rl_full_quoting_desired so all + possible completions are quoted as if they were filenames. + +v. Command timing now allows precisions up to 6 digits instead of 3 in + $TIMEFORMAT. + +w. BASH_MONOSECONDS: new dynamic variable that returns the value of the + system's monotonic clock, if one is available. + +x. BASH_TRAPSIG: new variable, set to the numeric signal number of the trap + being executed while it's running. + +y. The checkwinsize option can be used in subshell commands started from + interactive shells. + +z. In posix mode, the test command < and > binary primaries compare strings + using the current locale. + +aa. bind -x allows new key binding syntax: separate the key sequence and the + command string with whitespace, but require the command string to be + double-quoted if this is used. This allows different quoting options for + the command string. + +bb. Print commands bound to key sequences using `bind -x' with the new key + binding syntax it allows. + +cc. `read' has a new `-E' option to use readline but with the default bash + completion (including programmable completion). + +dd. New bindable readline command name: `bash-vi-complete'. + +ee. New test builtin behavior when parsing a parenthesized subexpression and + test was given more than 4 arguments: scan forward for a closing paren and + call posixtest() if there are 4 or fewer arguments between the parentheses. + Added for compatibility with coreutils test, dependent on the shell + compatibility level. Such expressions remain ambiguous. + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. Output a newline if there is no prompt and readline reads an empty line. + +b. The history library falls back to stdio when writing the history list if + mmap fails. + +c. New bindable variable `search-ignore-case', causes readline to perform + case-insensitive incremental and non-incremental history searches. + +d. rl_full_quoting_desired: new application-settable variable, causes all + completions to be quoted as if they were filenames. + +e. rl_macro_display_hook: new application-settable function pointer, used if + the application wants to print macro values itself instead of letting + readline do it + +f. rl_reparse_colors: new application-callable function, reparses $LS_COLORS + (presumably after the user changes it) + +g. rl_completion_rewrite_hook: new application-settable function pointer, + called to modify the word being completed before comparing it against + pathnames from the file system. + +h. execute-named-command: a new bindable command that reads the name of a + readline command from the standard input and executes it. Bound to M-x + in emacs mode by default. + +i. Incremental and non-incremental searches now allow ^V/^Q (or, in the former + case, anything bound to quoted-insert) to quote characters in the search + string. diff --git a/POSIX b/POSIX index 1714a4f2..a3132f5b 100644 --- a/POSIX +++ b/POSIX @@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ variable expansion, and quoting. The special builtins, which must be implemented as part of the shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as being part of the -shell; examples of these are 'eval' and 'export'. Other utilities +shell; examples of these are ‘eval’ and ‘export’. Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX not devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must be) implemented as builtin commands, -such as 'read' and 'test'. POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell's +such as ‘read’ and ‘test’. POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive behavior, including job control and command line editing. Only vi-style line editing commands have been standardized; emacs editing commands were left out due to objections. @@ -44,35 +44,35 @@ editing commands were left out due to objections. Although Bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell specification, there are areas where the Bash default behavior differs from the -specification. The Bash "posix mode" changes the Bash behavior in these +specification. The Bash “posix mode” changes the Bash behavior in these areas so that it conforms to the standard more closely. -Starting Bash with the '--posix' command-line option or executing 'set --o posix' while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more closely +Starting Bash with the ‘--posix’ command-line option or executing ‘set +-o posix’ while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more closely to the POSIX standard by changing the behavior to match that specified by POSIX in areas where the Bash default differs. -When invoked as 'sh', Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the startup +When invoked as ‘sh’, Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the startup files. The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: - 1. Bash ensures that the 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' variable is set. + 1. Bash ensures that the ‘POSIXLY_CORRECT’ variable is set. 2. When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will - re-search '$PATH' to find the new location. This is also available - with 'shopt -s checkhash'. + re-search ‘$PATH’ to find the new location. This is also available + with ‘shopt -s checkhash’. 3. Bash will not insert a command without the execute bit set into the command hash table, even if it returns it as a (last-ditch) result - from a '$PATH' search. + from a ‘$PATH’ search. 4. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job exits with a non-zero status is 'Done(status)'. 5. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job is stopped is 'Stopped(SIGNAME)', where SIGNAME is, for example, - 'SIGTSTP'. + ‘SIGTSTP’. 6. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells. @@ -86,19 +86,19 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: the command substitution is initially parsed (e.g., as part of a function definition). - 9. The POSIX 'PS1' and 'PS2' expansions of '!' to the history number - and '!!' to '!' are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed - on the values of 'PS1' and 'PS2' regardless of the setting of the - 'promptvars' option. + 9. The POSIX ‘PS1’ and ‘PS2’ expansions of ‘!’ to the history number + and ‘!!’ to ‘!’ are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed + on the values of ‘PS1’ and ‘PS2’ regardless of the setting of the + ‘promptvars’ option. - 10. The POSIX startup files are executed ('$ENV') rather than the + 10. The POSIX startup files are executed (‘$ENV’) rather than the normal Bash files. 11. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line. - 12. The default history file is '~/.sh_history' (this is the default - value the shell assigns to '$HISTFILE'). + 12. The default history file is ‘~/.sh_history’ (this is the default + value the shell assigns to ‘$HISTFILE’). 13. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: 14. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the redirection. - 15. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not + 15. Function names must be valid shell ‘name’s. That is, they may not contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells. @@ -119,19 +119,19 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: whose name contains one or more slashes. 18. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during - command lookup, including output printed by the 'type' and - 'command' builtins. + command lookup, including output printed by the ‘type’ and + ‘command’ builtins. - 19. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash - does not print the 'function' keyword. + 19. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by ‘type’), Bash + does not print the ‘function’ keyword. 20. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of - the 'PATH' variable are not expanded as described above under *note + the ‘PATH’ variable are not expanded as described above under *note Tilde Expansion::. - 21. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When + 21. The ‘time’ reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and - its completed children. The 'TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the + its completed children. The ‘TIMEFORMAT’ variable controls the format of the timing information. 22. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within @@ -140,11 +140,11 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs. - 23. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the - next token begins with a '-'. + 23. The parser does not recognize ‘time’ as a reserved word if the + next token begins with a ‘-’. - 24. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a - double-quoted string, even if the 'histexpand' option is enabled. + 24. The ‘!’ character does not introduce history expansion within a + double-quoted string, even if the ‘histexpand’ option is enabled. 25. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in @@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding the command name, and so on. - 26. The 'unset' builtin with the '-v' option specified returns a fatal - error if it attempts to unset a 'readonly' or 'non-unsettable' + 26. The ‘unset’ builtin with the ‘-v’ option specified returns a fatal + error if it attempts to unset a ‘readonly’ or ‘non-unsettable’ variable, or encounters a variable name argument that is an invalid identifier, which causes a non-interactive shell to exit. 27. When asked to unset a variable that appears in an assignment - statement preceding the command, the 'unset' builtin attempts to + statement preceding the command, the ‘unset’ builtin attempts to unset a variable of the same name in the current or previous scope as well. This implements the required "if an assigned variable is further modified by the utility, the modifications made by the @@ -178,11 +178,11 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: occurred"). 30. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the - iteration variable in a 'for' statement or the selection variable - in a 'select' statement is a readonly variable or has an invalid + iteration variable in a ‘for’ statement or the selection variable + in a ‘select’ statement is a readonly variable or has an invalid name. - 31. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.' FILENAME is not + 31. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in ‘.’ FILENAME is not found. 32. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic @@ -191,151 +191,152 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: 33. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs. 34. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script - read with the '.' or 'source' builtins, or in a string processed by - the 'eval' builtin. + read with the ‘.’ or ‘source’ builtins, or in a string processed by + the ‘eval’ builtin. 35. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to - the '#' and '?' special parameters. + the ‘#’ and ‘?’ special parameters. - 36. Expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context where the - expansion is double-quoted does not treat the '$*' as if it were + 36. Expanding the ‘*’ special parameter in a pattern context where the + expansion is double-quoted does not treat the ‘$*’ as if it were double-quoted. 37. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes. - 38. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take + 38. The ‘command’ builtin does not prevent builtins that take assignment statements as arguments from expanding them as assignment statements; when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins lose their assignment statement expansion properties when preceded - by 'command'. + by ‘command’. - 39. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job + 39. The ‘bg’ builtin uses the required format to describe each job placed in the background, which does not include an indication of whether the job is the current or previous job. - 40. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single - line, separated by spaces, without the 'SIG' prefix. + 40. The output of ‘kill -l’ prints all the signal names on a single + line, separated by spaces, without the ‘SIG’ prefix. - 41. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG' + 41. The ‘kill’ builtin does not accept signal names with a ‘SIG’ prefix. - 42. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output + 42. The ‘export’ and ‘readonly’ builtin commands display their output in the format required by POSIX. - 43. If the 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands get an argument + 43. If the ‘export’ and ‘readonly’ builtin commands get an argument that is not a valid identifier, and they are not operating on shell functions, they return an error. This will cause a non-interactive shell to exit because these are special builtins. - 44. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading - 'SIG'. + 44. The ‘trap’ builtin displays signal names without the leading + ‘SIG’. - 45. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible + 45. The ‘trap’ builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should - use '-' as the first argument. + use ‘-’ as the first argument. - 46. 'trap -p' without arguments displays signals whose dispositions + 46. ‘trap -p’ without arguments displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell started, not just trapped signals. - 47. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory - for the filename argument if it is not found by searching 'PATH'. + 47. The ‘.’ and ‘source’ builtins do not search the current directory + for the filename argument if it is not found by searching ‘PATH’. 48. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the - 'inherit_errexit' option, so subshells spawned to execute command - substitutions inherit the value of the '-e' option from the parent - shell. When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash - clears the '-e' option in such subshells. + ‘inherit_errexit’ option, so subshells spawned to execute command + substitutions inherit the value of the ‘-e’ option from the parent + shell. When the ‘inherit_errexit’ option is not enabled, Bash + clears the ‘-e’ option in such subshells. - 49. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose' - option, so numeric arguments to 'shift' that exceed the number of + 49. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the ‘shift_verbose’ + option, so numeric arguments to ‘shift’ that exceed the number of positional parameters will result in an error message. - 50. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not - display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is + 50. When the ‘alias’ builtin displays alias definitions, it does not + display them with a leading ‘alias ’ unless the ‘-p’ option is supplied. - 51. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not + 51. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it does not display shell function names and definitions. - 52. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays + 52. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it displays variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters. - 53. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in logical mode, and the pathname - constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an - argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail + 53. When the ‘cd’ builtin is invoked in logical mode, and the pathname + constructed from ‘$PWD’ and the directory name supplied as an + argument does not refer to an existing directory, ‘cd’ will fail instead of falling back to physical mode. - 54. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length - of the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name - supplied as an argument exceeds 'PATH_MAX' when all symbolic links - are expanded, 'cd' will fail instead of attempting to use only the - supplied directory name. + 54. When the ‘cd’ builtin cannot change a directory because the length + of the pathname constructed from ‘$PWD’ and the directory name + supplied as an argument exceeds ‘PATH_MAX’ when canonicalized, ‘cd’ + will attempt to use the supplied directory name. - 55. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as + 55. The ‘pwd’ builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file - system with the '-P' option. + system with the ‘-P’ option. - 56. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an + 56. When listing the history, the ‘fc’ builtin does not include an indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified. - 57. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. + 57. The default editor used by ‘fc’ is ‘ed’. - 58. If there are too many arguments supplied to 'fc -s', 'fc' prints + 58. ‘fc’ treats extra arguments as an error instead of ignoring them. + + 59. If there are too many arguments supplied to ‘fc -s’, ‘fc’ prints an error message and returns failure. - 59. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable + 60. The ‘type’ and ‘command’ builtins will not report a non-executable file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute - such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'. + such a file if it is the only so-named file found in ‘$PATH’. - 60. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when - the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and - '$EDITOR'. + 61. The ‘vi’ editing mode will invoke the ‘vi’ editor directly when + the ‘v’ command is run, instead of checking ‘$VISUAL’ and + ‘$EDITOR’. - 61. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to - interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is + 62. When the ‘xpg_echo’ option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to + interpret any arguments to ‘echo’ as options. Each argument is displayed, after escape characters are converted. - 62. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' - and '-f' options. + 63. The ‘ulimit’ builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the ‘-c’ + and ‘-f’ options. - 63. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not - interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately. + 64. The arrival of ‘SIGCHLD’ when a trap is set on ‘SIGCHLD’ does not + interrupt the ‘wait’ builtin and cause it to return immediately. The trap command is run once for each child that exits. - 64. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap + 65. The ‘read’ builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing - 'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status + ‘read’, the trap handler executes and ‘read’ returns an exit status greater than 128. - 65. The 'printf' builtin uses 'double' (via 'strtod') to convert + 66. The ‘printf’ builtin uses ‘double’ (via ‘strtod’) to convert arguments corresponding to floating point conversion specifiers, - instead of 'long double' if it's available. The 'L' length - modifier forces 'printf' to use 'long double' if it's available. + instead of ‘long double’ if it's available. The ‘L’ length + modifier forces ‘printf’ to use ‘long double’ if it's available. - 66. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list - of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it. + 67. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list + of such statuses after the ‘wait’ builtin is used to obtain it. - 67. A double quote character ('"') is treated specially when it + 68. A double quote character (‘"’) is treated specially when it appears in a backquoted command substitution in the body of a here-document that undergoes expansion. That means, for example, that a backslash preceding a double quote character will escape it and the backslash will be removed. - 68. The 'test' builtin compares strings using the current locale when - processing the '<' and '>' binary operators. + 69. The ‘test’ builtin compares strings using the current locale when + processing the ‘<’ and ‘>’ binary operators. - 69. The 'test' builtin's '-t' unary primary requires an argument. - Historical versions of 'test' made the argument optional in certain + 70. The ‘test’ builtin's ‘-t’ unary primary requires an argument. + Historical versions of ‘test’ made the argument optional in certain cases, and Bash attempts to accommodate those for backwards compatibility. - 70. Command substitutions don't set the '?' special parameter. The + 71. Command substitutions don't set the ‘?’ special parameter. The exit status of a simple command without a command word is still the exit status of the last command substitution that occurred while evaluating the variable assignments and redirections in that @@ -345,18 +346,18 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default even when in POSIX mode. Specifically: - 1. The 'fc' builtin checks '$EDITOR' as a program to edit history - entries if 'FCEDIT' is unset, rather than defaulting directly to - 'ed'. 'fc' uses 'ed' if 'EDITOR' is unset. + 1. The ‘fc’ builtin checks ‘$EDITOR’ as a program to edit history + entries if ‘FCEDIT’ is unset, rather than defaulting directly to + ‘ed’. ‘fc’ uses ‘ed’ if ‘EDITOR’ is unset. 2. A non-interactive shell does not exit if a variable assignment - preceding the 'command' builtin or another non-special builtin + preceding the ‘command’ builtin or another non-special builtin fails. - 3. As noted above, Bash requires the 'xpg_echo' option to be enabled - for the 'echo' builtin to be fully conformant. + 3. As noted above, Bash requires the ‘xpg_echo’ option to be enabled + for the ‘echo’ builtin to be fully conformant. Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying -the '--enable-strict-posix-default' to 'configure' when building (*note +the ‘--enable-strict-posix-default’ to ‘configure’ when building (*note Optional Features::). diff --git a/RBASH b/RBASH index 7d0a5e8d..8dc5d3cb 100644 --- a/RBASH +++ b/RBASH @@ -1,52 +1,52 @@ 6.10 The Restricted Shell ========================= -If Bash is started with the name 'rbash', or the '--restricted' or '-r' +If Bash is started with the name ‘rbash’, or the ‘--restricted’ or ‘-r’ option is supplied at invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used to set up an environment more controlled than -the standard shell. A restricted shell behaves identically to 'bash' +the standard shell. A restricted shell behaves identically to ‘bash’ with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: - * Changing directories with the 'cd' builtin. - * Setting or unsetting the values of the 'SHELL', 'PATH', 'HISTFILE', - 'ENV', or 'BASH_ENV' variables. - * Specifying command names containing slashes. - * Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the '.' + • Changing directories with the ‘cd’ builtin. + • Setting or unsetting the values of the ‘SHELL’, ‘PATH’, ‘HISTFILE’, + ‘ENV’, or ‘BASH_ENV’ variables. + • Specifying command names containing slashes. + • Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the ‘.’ builtin command. - * Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the - 'history' builtin command. - * Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the '-p' - option to the 'hash' builtin command. - * Importing function definitions from the shell environment at + • Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + ‘history’ builtin command. + • Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the ‘-p’ + option to the ‘hash’ builtin command. + • Importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup. - * Parsing the value of 'SHELLOPTS' from the shell environment at + • Parsing the value of ‘SHELLOPTS’ from the shell environment at startup. - * Redirecting output using the '>', '>|', '<>', '>&', '&>', and '>>' + • Redirecting output using the ‘>’, ‘>|’, ‘<>’, ‘>&’, ‘&>’, and ‘>>’ redirection operators. - * Using the 'exec' builtin to replace the shell with another command. - * Adding or deleting builtin commands with the '-f' and '-d' options - to the 'enable' builtin. - * Using the 'enable' builtin command to enable disabled shell + • Using the ‘exec’ builtin to replace the shell with another command. + • Adding or deleting builtin commands with the ‘-f’ and ‘-d’ options + to the ‘enable’ builtin. + • Using the ‘enable’ builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins. - * Specifying the '-p' option to the 'command' builtin. - * Turning off restricted mode with 'set +r' or 'shopt -u - restricted_shell'. + • Specifying the ‘-p’ option to the ‘command’ builtin. + • Turning off restricted mode with ‘set +r’ or ‘shopt -u + restricted_shell’. These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (*note -Shell Scripts::), 'rbash' turns off any restrictions in the shell +Shell Scripts::), ‘rbash’ turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. The restricted shell mode is only one component of a useful restricted -environment. It should be accompanied by setting 'PATH' to a value that +environment. It should be accompanied by setting ‘PATH’ to a value that allows execution of only a few verified commands (commands that allow shell escapes are particularly vulnerable), changing the current -directory to a non-writable directory other than '$HOME' after login, +directory to a non-writable directory other than ‘$HOME’ after login, not allowing the restricted shell to execute shell scripts, and cleaning the environment of variables that cause some commands to modify their -behavior (e.g., 'VISUAL' or 'PAGER'). +behavior (e.g., ‘VISUAL’ or ‘PAGER’). Modern systems provide more secure ways to implement a restricted -environment, such as 'jails', 'zones', or 'containers'. +environment, such as ‘jails’, ‘zones’, or ‘containers’. diff --git a/README b/README index 90d0be5b..1ed6e863 100644 --- a/README +++ b/README @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ Introduction ============ -This is GNU Bash, version 5.2. Bash is the GNU Project's Bourne +This is GNU Bash, version 5.3. Bash is the GNU Project's Bourne Again SHell, a complete implementation of the POSIX shell spec, but also with interactive command line editing, job control on architectures that support it, csh-like features such as history diff --git a/command.h b/command.h index 025a18c4..1c068148 100644 --- a/command.h +++ b/command.h @@ -366,6 +366,8 @@ typedef struct subshell_com { #define COPROC_RUNNING 0x01 #define COPROC_DEAD 0x02 +#define COPROC_STOPPED 0x04 +#define COPROC_FOREGROUND 0x08 /* why would you want to do this? */ typedef struct coproc { char *c_name; diff --git a/configure b/configure index d70968da..459ddb2a 100755 --- a/configure +++ b/configure @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ #! /bin/sh # From configure.ac for Bash 5.3, version 5.063. # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. -# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for bash 5.3-devel. +# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.72 for bash 5.3-alpha. # # Report bugs to . # # -# Copyright (C) 1992-1996, 1998-2017, 2020-2021 Free Software Foundation, +# Copyright (C) 1992-1996, 1998-2017, 2020-2023 Free Software Foundation, # Inc. # # @@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ # Be more Bourne compatible DUALCASE=1; export DUALCASE # for MKS sh -as_nop=: if test ${ZSH_VERSION+y} && (emulate sh) >/dev/null 2>&1 then : emulate sh @@ -27,12 +26,13 @@ then : # is contrary to our usage. Disable this feature. alias -g '${1+"$@"}'='"$@"' setopt NO_GLOB_SUBST -else $as_nop - case `(set -o) 2>/dev/null` in #( +else case e in #( + e) case `(set -o) 2>/dev/null` in #( *posix*) : set -o posix ;; #( *) : ;; +esac ;; esac fi @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ IFS=$as_save_IFS ;; esac -# We did not find ourselves, most probably we were run as `sh COMMAND' +# We did not find ourselves, most probably we were run as 'sh COMMAND' # in which case we are not to be found in the path. if test "x$as_myself" = x; then as_myself=$0 @@ -134,15 +134,14 @@ case $- in # (((( esac exec $CONFIG_SHELL $as_opts "$as_myself" ${1+"$@"} # Admittedly, this is quite paranoid, since all the known shells bail -# out after a failed `exec'. +# out after a failed 'exec'. printf "%s\n" "$0: could not re-execute with $CONFIG_SHELL" >&2 exit 255 fi # We don't want this to propagate to other subprocesses. { _as_can_reexec=; unset _as_can_reexec;} if test "x$CONFIG_SHELL" = x; then - as_bourne_compatible="as_nop=: -if test \${ZSH_VERSION+y} && (emulate sh) >/dev/null 2>&1 + as_bourne_compatible="if test \${ZSH_VERSION+y} && (emulate sh) >/dev/null 2>&1 then : emulate sh NULLCMD=: @@ -150,12 +149,13 @@ then : # is contrary to our usage. Disable this feature. alias -g '\${1+\"\$@\"}'='\"\$@\"' setopt NO_GLOB_SUBST -else \$as_nop - case \`(set -o) 2>/dev/null\` in #( +else case e in #( + e) case \`(set -o) 2>/dev/null\` in #( *posix*) : set -o posix ;; #( *) : ;; +esac ;; esac fi " @@ -173,8 +173,9 @@ as_fn_ret_failure && { exitcode=1; echo as_fn_ret_failure succeeded.; } if ( set x; as_fn_ret_success y && test x = \"\$1\" ) then : -else \$as_nop - exitcode=1; echo positional parameters were not saved. +else case e in #( + e) exitcode=1; echo positional parameters were not saved. ;; +esac fi test x\$exitcode = x0 || exit 1 blah=\$(echo \$(echo blah)) @@ -188,14 +189,15 @@ test \$(( 1 + 1 )) = 2 || exit 1" if (eval "$as_required") 2>/dev/null then : as_have_required=yes -else $as_nop - as_have_required=no +else case e in #( + e) as_have_required=no ;; +esac fi if test x$as_have_required = xyes && (eval "$as_suggested") 2>/dev/null then : -else $as_nop - as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR +else case e in #( + e) as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR as_found=false for as_dir in /bin$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/bin$PATH_SEPARATOR$PATH do @@ -228,12 +230,13 @@ IFS=$as_save_IFS if $as_found then : -else $as_nop - if { test -f "$SHELL" || test -f "$SHELL.exe"; } && +else case e in #( + e) if { test -f "$SHELL" || test -f "$SHELL.exe"; } && as_run=a "$SHELL" -c "$as_bourne_compatible""$as_required" 2>/dev/null then : CONFIG_SHELL=$SHELL as_have_required=yes -fi +fi ;; +esac fi @@ -255,7 +258,7 @@ case $- in # (((( esac exec $CONFIG_SHELL $as_opts "$as_myself" ${1+"$@"} # Admittedly, this is quite paranoid, since all the known shells bail -# out after a failed `exec'. +# out after a failed 'exec'. printf "%s\n" "$0: could not re-execute with $CONFIG_SHELL" >&2 exit 255 fi @@ -275,7 +278,8 @@ $0: manually run the script under such a shell if you do $0: have one." fi exit 1 -fi +fi ;; +esac fi fi SHELL=${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} @@ -314,14 +318,6 @@ as_fn_exit () as_fn_set_status $1 exit $1 } # as_fn_exit -# as_fn_nop -# --------- -# Do nothing but, unlike ":", preserve the value of $?. -as_fn_nop () -{ - return $? -} -as_nop=as_fn_nop # as_fn_mkdir_p # ------------- @@ -390,11 +386,12 @@ then : { eval $1+=\$2 }' -else $as_nop - as_fn_append () +else case e in #( + e) as_fn_append () { eval $1=\$$1\$2 - } + } ;; +esac fi # as_fn_append # as_fn_arith ARG... @@ -408,21 +405,14 @@ then : { as_val=$(( $* )) }' -else $as_nop - as_fn_arith () +else case e in #( + e) as_fn_arith () { as_val=`expr "$@" || test $? -eq 1` - } + } ;; +esac fi # as_fn_arith -# as_fn_nop -# --------- -# Do nothing but, unlike ":", preserve the value of $?. -as_fn_nop () -{ - return $? -} -as_nop=as_fn_nop # as_fn_error STATUS ERROR [LINENO LOG_FD] # ---------------------------------------- @@ -496,6 +486,8 @@ as_cr_alnum=$as_cr_Letters$as_cr_digits /[$]LINENO/= ' <$as_myself | sed ' + t clear + :clear s/[$]LINENO.*/&-/ t lineno b @@ -544,7 +536,6 @@ esac as_echo='printf %s\n' as_echo_n='printf %s' - rm -f conf$$ conf$$.exe conf$$.file if test -d conf$$.dir; then rm -f conf$$.dir/conf$$.file @@ -556,9 +547,9 @@ if (echo >conf$$.file) 2>/dev/null; then if ln -s conf$$.file conf$$ 2>/dev/null; then as_ln_s='ln -s' # ... but there are two gotchas: - # 1) On MSYS, both `ln -s file dir' and `ln file dir' fail. - # 2) DJGPP < 2.04 has no symlinks; `ln -s' creates a wrapper executable. - # In both cases, we have to default to `cp -pR'. + # 1) On MSYS, both 'ln -s file dir' and 'ln file dir' fail. + # 2) DJGPP < 2.04 has no symlinks; 'ln -s' creates a wrapper executable. + # In both cases, we have to default to 'cp -pR'. ln -s conf$$.file conf$$.dir 2>/dev/null && test ! -f conf$$.exe || as_ln_s='cp -pR' elif ln conf$$.file conf$$ 2>/dev/null; then @@ -583,10 +574,12 @@ as_test_x='test -x' as_executable_p=as_fn_executable_p # Sed expression to map a string onto a valid CPP name. -as_tr_cpp="eval sed 'y%*$as_cr_letters%P$as_cr_LETTERS%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g'" +as_sed_cpp="y%*$as_cr_letters%P$as_cr_LETTERS%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g" +as_tr_cpp="eval sed '$as_sed_cpp'" # deprecated # Sed expression to map a string onto a valid variable name. -as_tr_sh="eval sed 'y%*+%pp%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g'" +as_sed_sh="y%*+%pp%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g" +as_tr_sh="eval sed '$as_sed_sh'" # deprecated test -n "$DJDIR" || exec 7<&0 /dev/null && - as_fn_error $? "invalid feature name: \`$ac_useropt'" + as_fn_error $? "invalid feature name: '$ac_useropt'" ac_useropt_orig=$ac_useropt ac_useropt=`printf "%s\n" "$ac_useropt" | sed 's/[-+.]/_/g'` case $ac_user_opts in @@ -1056,7 +1049,7 @@ do ac_useropt=`expr "x$ac_option" : 'x-*enable-\([^=]*\)'` # Reject names that are not valid shell variable names. expr "x$ac_useropt" : ".*[^-+._$as_cr_alnum]" >/dev/null && - as_fn_error $? "invalid feature name: \`$ac_useropt'" + as_fn_error $? "invalid feature name: '$ac_useropt'" ac_useropt_orig=$ac_useropt ac_useropt=`printf "%s\n" "$ac_useropt" | sed 's/[-+.]/_/g'` case $ac_user_opts in @@ -1269,7 +1262,7 @@ do ac_useropt=`expr "x$ac_option" : 'x-*with-\([^=]*\)'` # Reject names that are not valid shell variable names. expr "x$ac_useropt" : ".*[^-+._$as_cr_alnum]" >/dev/null && - as_fn_error $? "invalid package name: \`$ac_useropt'" + as_fn_error $? "invalid package name: '$ac_useropt'" ac_useropt_orig=$ac_useropt ac_useropt=`printf "%s\n" "$ac_useropt" | sed 's/[-+.]/_/g'` case $ac_user_opts in @@ -1285,7 +1278,7 @@ do ac_useropt=`expr "x$ac_option" : 'x-*without-\(.*\)'` # Reject names that are not valid shell variable names. expr "x$ac_useropt" : ".*[^-+._$as_cr_alnum]" >/dev/null && - as_fn_error $? "invalid package name: \`$ac_useropt'" + as_fn_error $? "invalid package name: '$ac_useropt'" ac_useropt_orig=$ac_useropt ac_useropt=`printf "%s\n" "$ac_useropt" | sed 's/[-+.]/_/g'` case $ac_user_opts in @@ -1315,8 +1308,8 @@ do | --x-librar=* | --x-libra=* | --x-libr=* | --x-lib=* | --x-li=* | --x-l=*) x_libraries=$ac_optarg ;; - -*) as_fn_error $? "unrecognized option: \`$ac_option' -Try \`$0 --help' for more information" + -*) as_fn_error $? "unrecognized option: '$ac_option' +Try '$0 --help' for more information" ;; *=*) @@ -1324,7 +1317,7 @@ Try \`$0 --help' for more information" # Reject names that are not valid shell variable names. case $ac_envvar in #( '' | [0-9]* | *[!_$as_cr_alnum]* ) - as_fn_error $? "invalid variable name: \`$ac_envvar'" ;; + as_fn_error $? "invalid variable name: '$ac_envvar'" ;; esac eval $ac_envvar=\$ac_optarg export $ac_envvar ;; @@ -1374,7 +1367,7 @@ do as_fn_error $? "expected an absolute directory name for --$ac_var: $ac_val" done -# There might be people who depend on the old broken behavior: `$host' +# There might be people who depend on the old broken behavior: '$host' # used to hold the argument of --host etc. # FIXME: To remove some day. build=$build_alias @@ -1442,7 +1435,7 @@ if test ! -r "$srcdir/$ac_unique_file"; then test "$ac_srcdir_defaulted" = yes && srcdir="$ac_confdir or .." as_fn_error $? "cannot find sources ($ac_unique_file) in $srcdir" fi -ac_msg="sources are in $srcdir, but \`cd $srcdir' does not work" +ac_msg="sources are in $srcdir, but 'cd $srcdir' does not work" ac_abs_confdir=`( cd "$srcdir" && test -r "./$ac_unique_file" || as_fn_error $? "$ac_msg" pwd)` @@ -1470,7 +1463,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing. # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh. cat <<_ACEOF -\`configure' configures bash 5.3-devel to adapt to many kinds of systems. +'configure' configures bash 5.3-alpha to adapt to many kinds of systems. Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... @@ -1484,11 +1477,11 @@ Configuration: --help=short display options specific to this package --help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages -V, --version display version information and exit - -q, --quiet, --silent do not print \`checking ...' messages + -q, --quiet, --silent do not print 'checking ...' messages --cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled] - -C, --config-cache alias for \`--cache-file=config.cache' + -C, --config-cache alias for '--cache-file=config.cache' -n, --no-create do not create output files - --srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or \`..'] + --srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or '..'] Installation directories: --prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX @@ -1496,10 +1489,10 @@ Installation directories: --exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX [PREFIX] -By default, \`make install' will install all the files in -\`$ac_default_prefix/bin', \`$ac_default_prefix/lib' etc. You can specify -an installation prefix other than \`$ac_default_prefix' using \`--prefix', -for instance \`--prefix=\$HOME'. +By default, 'make install' will install all the files in +'$ac_default_prefix/bin', '$ac_default_prefix/lib' etc. You can specify +an installation prefix other than '$ac_default_prefix' using '--prefix', +for instance '--prefix=\$HOME'. For better control, use the options below. @@ -1536,7 +1529,7 @@ fi if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then case $ac_init_help in - short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.3-devel:";; + short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.3-alpha:";; esac cat <<\_ACEOF @@ -1626,6 +1619,7 @@ Optional Features: specify multithreading API --disable-threads build without multithread safety --disable-rpath do not hardcode runtime library paths + --enable-year2038 support timestamps after 2038 Optional Packages: --with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes] @@ -1666,15 +1660,15 @@ Some influential environment variables: LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l CPPFLAGS (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I if you have headers in a nonstandard directory - CPP C preprocessor - YACC The `Yet Another Compiler Compiler' implementation to use. - Defaults to the first program found out of: `bison -y', `byacc', - `yacc'. + YACC The 'Yet Another Compiler Compiler' implementation to use. + Defaults to the first program found out of: 'bison -y', 'byacc', + 'yacc'. YFLAGS The list of arguments that will be passed by default to $YACC. This script will default YFLAGS to the empty string to avoid a - default value of `-d' given by some make applications. + default value of '-d' given by some make applications. + CPP C preprocessor -Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help +Use these variables to override the choices made by 'configure' or to help it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations. Report bugs to . @@ -1741,10 +1735,10 @@ fi test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status if $ac_init_version; then cat <<\_ACEOF -bash configure 5.3-devel -generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 +bash configure 5.3-alpha +generated by GNU Autoconf 2.72 -Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it. _ACEOF @@ -1783,11 +1777,12 @@ printf "%s\n" "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5 } && test -s conftest.$ac_objext then : ac_retval=0 -else $as_nop - printf "%s\n" "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5 - ac_retval=1 + ac_retval=1 ;; +esac fi eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno as_fn_set_status $ac_retval @@ -1806,8 +1801,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $2... " >&6; } if eval test \${$3+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $4 #include <$2> @@ -1815,10 +1810,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : eval "$3=yes" -else $as_nop - eval "$3=no" +else case e in #( + e) eval "$3=no" ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi eval ac_res=\$$3 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5 @@ -1827,44 +1824,6 @@ printf "%s\n" "$ac_res" >&6; } } # ac_fn_c_check_header_compile -# ac_fn_c_try_cpp LINENO -# ---------------------- -# Try to preprocess conftest.$ac_ext, and return whether this succeeded. -ac_fn_c_try_cpp () -{ - as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$1"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack - if { { ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext" -case "(($ac_try" in - *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;; - *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;; -esac -eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\"" -printf "%s\n" "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5 - (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>conftest.err - ac_status=$? - if test -s conftest.err; then - grep -v '^ *+' conftest.err >conftest.er1 - cat conftest.er1 >&5 - mv -f conftest.er1 conftest.err - fi - printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 - test $ac_status = 0; } > conftest.i && { - test -z "$ac_c_preproc_warn_flag$ac_c_werror_flag" || - test ! -s conftest.err - } -then : - ac_retval=0 -else $as_nop - printf "%s\n" "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 -sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5 - - ac_retval=1 -fi - eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno - as_fn_set_status $ac_retval - -} # ac_fn_c_try_cpp - # ac_fn_c_try_link LINENO # ----------------------- # Try to link conftest.$ac_ext, and return whether this succeeded. @@ -1896,11 +1855,12 @@ printf "%s\n" "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5 } then : ac_retval=0 -else $as_nop - printf "%s\n" "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5 - ac_retval=1 + ac_retval=1 ;; +esac fi # Delete the IPA/IPO (Inter Procedural Analysis/Optimization) information # created by the PGI compiler (conftest_ipa8_conftest.oo), as it would @@ -1923,15 +1883,15 @@ printf %s "checking for $2... " >&6; } if eval test \${$3+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Define $2 to an innocuous variant, in case declares $2. For example, HP-UX 11i declares gettimeofday. */ #define $2 innocuous_$2 /* System header to define __stub macros and hopefully few prototypes, - which can conflict with char $2 (); below. */ + which can conflict with char $2 (void); below. */ #include #undef $2 @@ -1942,7 +1902,7 @@ else $as_nop #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif -char $2 (); +char $2 (void); /* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements to always fail with ENOSYS. Some functions are actually named something starting with __ and the normal name is an alias. */ @@ -1961,11 +1921,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : eval "$3=yes" -else $as_nop - eval "$3=no" +else case e in #( + e) eval "$3=no" ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi eval ac_res=\$$3 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5 @@ -2004,12 +1966,13 @@ printf "%s\n" "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5 test $ac_status = 0; }; } then : ac_retval=0 -else $as_nop - printf "%s\n" "$as_me: program exited with status $ac_status" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "$as_me: program exited with status $ac_status" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5 - ac_retval=$ac_status + ac_retval=$ac_status ;; +esac fi rm -rf conftest.dSYM conftest_ipa8_conftest.oo eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno @@ -2017,6 +1980,45 @@ fi } # ac_fn_c_try_run +# ac_fn_c_try_cpp LINENO +# ---------------------- +# Try to preprocess conftest.$ac_ext, and return whether this succeeded. +ac_fn_c_try_cpp () +{ + as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$1"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack + if { { ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext" +case "(($ac_try" in + *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;; + *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;; +esac +eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\"" +printf "%s\n" "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5 + (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>conftest.err + ac_status=$? + if test -s conftest.err; then + grep -v '^ *+' conftest.err >conftest.er1 + cat conftest.er1 >&5 + mv -f conftest.er1 conftest.err + fi + printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 + test $ac_status = 0; } > conftest.i && { + test -z "$ac_c_preproc_warn_flag$ac_c_werror_flag" || + test ! -s conftest.err + } +then : + ac_retval=0 +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 +sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5 + + ac_retval=1 ;; +esac +fi + eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno + as_fn_set_status $ac_retval + +} # ac_fn_c_try_cpp + # ac_fn_c_check_type LINENO TYPE VAR INCLUDES # ------------------------------------------- # Tests whether TYPE exists after having included INCLUDES, setting cache @@ -2029,8 +2031,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $2... " >&6; } if eval test \${$3+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - eval "$3=no" +else case e in #( + e) eval "$3=no" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $4 @@ -2060,12 +2062,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : -else $as_nop - eval "$3=yes" +else case e in #( + e) eval "$3=yes" ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi eval ac_res=\$$3 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5 @@ -2087,8 +2091,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether $as_decl_name is declared... " >&6; } if eval test \${$3+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - as_decl_use=`echo $2|sed -e 's/(/((/' -e 's/)/) 0&/' -e 's/,/) 0& (/g'` +else case e in #( + e) as_decl_use=`echo $2|sed -e 's/(/((/' -e 's/)/) 0&/' -e 's/,/) 0& (/g'` eval ac_save_FLAGS=\$$6 as_fn_append $6 " $5" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext @@ -2112,12 +2116,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : eval "$3=yes" -else $as_nop - eval "$3=no" +else case e in #( + e) eval "$3=no" ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext eval $6=\$ac_save_FLAGS - + ;; +esac fi eval ac_res=\$$3 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5 @@ -2171,18 +2177,19 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_hi=$ac_mid; break -else $as_nop - as_fn_arith $ac_mid + 1 && ac_lo=$as_val +else case e in #( + e) as_fn_arith $ac_mid + 1 && ac_lo=$as_val if test $ac_lo -le $ac_mid; then ac_lo= ac_hi= break fi - as_fn_arith 2 '*' $ac_mid + 1 && ac_mid=$as_val + as_fn_arith 2 '*' $ac_mid + 1 && ac_mid=$as_val ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext done -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $4 int @@ -2217,20 +2224,23 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_lo=$ac_mid; break -else $as_nop - as_fn_arith '(' $ac_mid ')' - 1 && ac_hi=$as_val +else case e in #( + e) as_fn_arith '(' $ac_mid ')' - 1 && ac_hi=$as_val if test $ac_mid -le $ac_hi; then ac_lo= ac_hi= break fi - as_fn_arith 2 '*' $ac_mid && ac_mid=$as_val + as_fn_arith 2 '*' $ac_mid && ac_mid=$as_val ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext done -else $as_nop - ac_lo= ac_hi= +else case e in #( + e) ac_lo= ac_hi= ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext # Binary search between lo and hi bounds. @@ -2253,8 +2263,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_hi=$ac_mid -else $as_nop - as_fn_arith '(' $ac_mid ')' + 1 && ac_lo=$as_val +else case e in #( + e) as_fn_arith '(' $ac_mid ')' + 1 && ac_lo=$as_val ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext done @@ -2302,8 +2313,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : echo >>conftest.val; read $3 &6; } if eval test \${$4+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $5 int @@ -2344,8 +2356,8 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : eval "$4=yes" -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $5 int @@ -2361,12 +2373,15 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : eval "$4=yes" -else $as_nop - eval "$4=no" +else case e in #( + e) eval "$4=no" ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi eval ac_res=\$$4 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5 @@ -2398,8 +2413,8 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF This file contains any messages produced by compilers while running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake. -It was created by bash $as_me 5.3-devel, which was -generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71. Invocation command line was +It was created by bash $as_me 5.3-alpha, which was +generated by GNU Autoconf 2.72. Invocation command line was $ $0$ac_configure_args_raw @@ -2645,10 +2660,10 @@ esac printf "%s\n" "$as_me: loading site script $ac_site_file" >&6;} sed 's/^/| /' "$ac_site_file" >&5 . "$ac_site_file" \ - || { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} + || { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error $? "failed to load site script $ac_site_file -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } fi done @@ -2684,9 +2699,7 @@ struct stat; /* Most of the following tests are stolen from RCS 5.7 src/conf.sh. */ struct buf { int x; }; struct buf * (*rcsopen) (struct buf *, struct stat *, int); -static char *e (p, i) - char **p; - int i; +static char *e (char **p, int i) { return p[i]; } @@ -2700,6 +2713,21 @@ static char *f (char * (*g) (char **, int), char **p, ...) return s; } +/* C89 style stringification. */ +#define noexpand_stringify(a) #a +const char *stringified = noexpand_stringify(arbitrary+token=sequence); + +/* C89 style token pasting. Exercises some of the corner cases that + e.g. old MSVC gets wrong, but not very hard. */ +#define noexpand_concat(a,b) a##b +#define expand_concat(a,b) noexpand_concat(a,b) +extern int vA; +extern int vbee; +#define aye A +#define bee B +int *pvA = &expand_concat(v,aye); +int *pvbee = &noexpand_concat(v,bee); + /* OSF 4.0 Compaq cc is some sort of almost-ANSI by default. It has function prototypes and stuff, but not \xHH hex character constants. These do not provoke an error unfortunately, instead are silently treated @@ -2727,16 +2755,19 @@ ok |= (argc == 0 || f (e, argv, 0) != argv[0] || f (e, argv, 1) != argv[1]); # Test code for whether the C compiler supports C99 (global declarations) ac_c_conftest_c99_globals=' -// Does the compiler advertise C99 conformance? +/* Does the compiler advertise C99 conformance? */ #if !defined __STDC_VERSION__ || __STDC_VERSION__ < 199901L # error "Compiler does not advertise C99 conformance" #endif +// See if C++-style comments work. + #include extern int puts (const char *); extern int printf (const char *, ...); extern int dprintf (int, const char *, ...); extern void *malloc (size_t); +extern void free (void *); // Check varargs macros. These examples are taken from C99 6.10.3.5. // dprintf is used instead of fprintf to avoid needing to declare @@ -2786,7 +2817,6 @@ typedef const char *ccp; static inline int test_restrict (ccp restrict text) { - // See if C++-style comments work. // Iterate through items via the restricted pointer. // Also check for declarations in for loops. for (unsigned int i = 0; *(text+i) != '\''\0'\''; ++i) @@ -2852,6 +2882,8 @@ ac_c_conftest_c99_main=' ia->datasize = 10; for (int i = 0; i < ia->datasize; ++i) ia->data[i] = i * 1.234; + // Work around memory leak warnings. + free (ia); // Check named initializers. struct named_init ni = { @@ -2873,7 +2905,7 @@ ac_c_conftest_c99_main=' # Test code for whether the C compiler supports C11 (global declarations) ac_c_conftest_c11_globals=' -// Does the compiler advertise C11 conformance? +/* Does the compiler advertise C11 conformance? */ #if !defined __STDC_VERSION__ || __STDC_VERSION__ < 201112L # error "Compiler does not advertise C11 conformance" #endif @@ -3082,8 +3114,9 @@ IFS=$as_save_IFS if $as_found then : -else $as_nop - as_fn_error $? "cannot find required auxiliary files:$ac_missing_aux_files" "$LINENO" 5 +else case e in #( + e) as_fn_error $? "cannot find required auxiliary files:$ac_missing_aux_files" "$LINENO" 5 ;; +esac fi @@ -3111,12 +3144,12 @@ for ac_var in $ac_precious_vars; do eval ac_new_val=\$ac_env_${ac_var}_value case $ac_old_set,$ac_new_set in set,) - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: \`$ac_var' was set to \`$ac_old_val' in the previous run" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: \`$ac_var' was set to \`$ac_old_val' in the previous run" >&2;} + { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: '$ac_var' was set to '$ac_old_val' in the previous run" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: '$ac_var' was set to '$ac_old_val' in the previous run" >&2;} ac_cache_corrupted=: ;; ,set) - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: \`$ac_var' was not set in the previous run" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: \`$ac_var' was not set in the previous run" >&2;} + { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: '$ac_var' was not set in the previous run" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: '$ac_var' was not set in the previous run" >&2;} ac_cache_corrupted=: ;; ,);; *) @@ -3125,18 +3158,18 @@ printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: \`$ac_var' was not set in the previous run" >&2;} ac_old_val_w=`echo x $ac_old_val` ac_new_val_w=`echo x $ac_new_val` if test "$ac_old_val_w" != "$ac_new_val_w"; then - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: \`$ac_var' has changed since the previous run:" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: \`$ac_var' has changed since the previous run:" >&2;} + { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: '$ac_var' has changed since the previous run:" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: '$ac_var' has changed since the previous run:" >&2;} ac_cache_corrupted=: else - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: warning: ignoring whitespace changes in \`$ac_var' since the previous run:" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: warning: ignoring whitespace changes in \`$ac_var' since the previous run:" >&2;} + { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: warning: ignoring whitespace changes in '$ac_var' since the previous run:" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: warning: ignoring whitespace changes in '$ac_var' since the previous run:" >&2;} eval $ac_var=\$ac_old_val fi - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: former value: \`$ac_old_val'" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: former value: \`$ac_old_val'" >&2;} - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: current value: \`$ac_new_val'" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: current value: \`$ac_new_val'" >&2;} + { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: former value: '$ac_old_val'" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: former value: '$ac_old_val'" >&2;} + { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: current value: '$ac_new_val'" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: current value: '$ac_new_val'" >&2;} fi;; esac # Pass precious variables to config.status. @@ -3152,11 +3185,11 @@ printf "%s\n" "$as_me: current value: \`$ac_new_val'" >&2;} fi done if $ac_cache_corrupted; then - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} + { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: changes in the environment can compromise the build" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: changes in the environment can compromise the build" >&2;} - as_fn_error $? "run \`${MAKE-make} distclean' and/or \`rm $cache_file' + as_fn_error $? "run '${MAKE-make} distclean' and/or 'rm $cache_file' and start over" "$LINENO" 5 fi ## -------------------- ## @@ -3179,7 +3212,7 @@ ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h" BASHVERS=5.3 -RELSTATUS=devel +RELSTATUS=alpha case "$RELSTATUS" in alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|releng*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;; @@ -3198,15 +3231,16 @@ printf %s "checking build system type... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_build+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_build_alias=$build_alias +else case e in #( + e) ac_build_alias=$build_alias test "x$ac_build_alias" = x && ac_build_alias=`$SHELL "${ac_aux_dir}config.guess"` test "x$ac_build_alias" = x && as_fn_error $? "cannot guess build type; you must specify one" "$LINENO" 5 ac_cv_build=`$SHELL "${ac_aux_dir}config.sub" $ac_build_alias` || as_fn_error $? "$SHELL ${ac_aux_dir}config.sub $ac_build_alias failed" "$LINENO" 5 - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_build" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_build" >&6; } @@ -3233,14 +3267,15 @@ printf %s "checking host system type... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_host+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "x$host_alias" = x; then +else case e in #( + e) if test "x$host_alias" = x; then ac_cv_host=$ac_cv_build else ac_cv_host=`$SHELL "${ac_aux_dir}config.sub" $host_alias` || as_fn_error $? "$SHELL ${ac_aux_dir}config.sub $host_alias failed" "$LINENO" 5 fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_host" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_host" >&6; } @@ -3920,8 +3955,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_CC+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$CC"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$CC"; then ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -3943,7 +3978,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC if test -n "$CC"; then @@ -3965,8 +4001,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="$ac_ct_CC" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -3988,7 +4024,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi ac_ct_CC=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then @@ -4023,8 +4060,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_CC+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$CC"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$CC"; then ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -4046,7 +4083,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC if test -n "$CC"; then @@ -4068,8 +4106,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_CC+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$CC"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$CC"; then ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test. else ac_prog_rejected=no @@ -4108,7 +4146,8 @@ if test $ac_prog_rejected = yes; then ac_cv_prog_CC="$as_dir$ac_word${1+' '}$@" fi fi -fi +fi ;; +esac fi CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC if test -n "$CC"; then @@ -4132,8 +4171,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_CC+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$CC"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$CC"; then ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -4155,7 +4194,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC if test -n "$CC"; then @@ -4181,8 +4221,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="$ac_ct_CC" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -4204,7 +4244,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi ac_ct_CC=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then @@ -4242,8 +4283,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_CC+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$CC"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$CC"; then ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -4265,7 +4306,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC if test -n "$CC"; then @@ -4287,8 +4329,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="$ac_ct_CC" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -4310,7 +4352,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi ac_ct_CC=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then @@ -4339,10 +4382,10 @@ fi fi -test -z "$CC" && { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +test -z "$CC" && { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error $? "no acceptable C compiler found in \$PATH -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } # Provide some information about the compiler. printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for C compiler version" >&5 @@ -4414,8 +4457,8 @@ printf "%s\n" "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 test $ac_status = 0; } then : - # Autoconf-2.13 could set the ac_cv_exeext variable to `no'. -# So ignore a value of `no', otherwise this would lead to `EXEEXT = no' + # Autoconf-2.13 could set the ac_cv_exeext variable to 'no'. +# So ignore a value of 'no', otherwise this would lead to 'EXEEXT = no' # in a Makefile. We should not override ac_cv_exeext if it was cached, # so that the user can short-circuit this test for compilers unknown to # Autoconf. @@ -4435,7 +4478,7 @@ do ac_cv_exeext=`expr "$ac_file" : '[^.]*\(\..*\)'` fi # We set ac_cv_exeext here because the later test for it is not - # safe: cross compilers may not add the suffix if given an `-o' + # safe: cross compilers may not add the suffix if given an '-o' # argument, so we may need to know it at that point already. # Even if this section looks crufty: it has the advantage of # actually working. @@ -4446,8 +4489,9 @@ do done test "$ac_cv_exeext" = no && ac_cv_exeext= -else $as_nop - ac_file='' +else case e in #( + e) ac_file='' ;; +esac fi if test -z "$ac_file" then : @@ -4456,13 +4500,14 @@ printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; } printf "%s\n" "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5 -{ { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +{ { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "C compiler cannot create executables -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "yes" >&6; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "yes" >&6; } ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for C compiler default output file name" >&5 printf %s "checking for C compiler default output file name... " >&6; } @@ -4486,10 +4531,10 @@ printf "%s\n" "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 test $ac_status = 0; } then : - # If both `conftest.exe' and `conftest' are `present' (well, observable) -# catch `conftest.exe'. For instance with Cygwin, `ls conftest' will -# work properly (i.e., refer to `conftest.exe'), while it won't with -# `rm'. + # If both 'conftest.exe' and 'conftest' are 'present' (well, observable) +# catch 'conftest.exe'. For instance with Cygwin, 'ls conftest' will +# work properly (i.e., refer to 'conftest.exe'), while it won't with +# 'rm'. for ac_file in conftest.exe conftest conftest.*; do test -f "$ac_file" || continue case $ac_file in @@ -4499,11 +4544,12 @@ for ac_file in conftest.exe conftest conftest.*; do * ) break;; esac done -else $as_nop - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +else case e in #( + e) { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error $? "cannot compute suffix of executables: cannot compile and link -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } ;; +esac fi rm -f conftest conftest$ac_cv_exeext { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_exeext" >&5 @@ -4519,6 +4565,8 @@ int main (void) { FILE *f = fopen ("conftest.out", "w"); + if (!f) + return 1; return ferror (f) || fclose (f) != 0; ; @@ -4558,26 +4606,27 @@ printf "%s\n" "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5 if test "$cross_compiling" = maybe; then cross_compiling=yes else - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "cannot run C compiled programs. -If you meant to cross compile, use \`--host'. -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +If you meant to cross compile, use '--host'. +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } fi fi fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $cross_compiling" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$cross_compiling" >&6; } -rm -f conftest.$ac_ext conftest$ac_cv_exeext conftest.out +rm -f conftest.$ac_ext conftest$ac_cv_exeext \ + conftest.o conftest.obj conftest.out ac_clean_files=$ac_clean_files_save { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for suffix of object files" >&5 printf %s "checking for suffix of object files... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_objext+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ int @@ -4609,16 +4658,18 @@ then : break;; esac done -else $as_nop - printf "%s\n" "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5 -{ { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +{ { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error $? "cannot compute suffix of object files: cannot compile -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } ;; +esac fi -rm -f conftest.$ac_cv_objext conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f conftest.$ac_cv_objext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_objext" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_objext" >&6; } @@ -4629,8 +4680,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether the compiler supports GNU C... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ int @@ -4647,12 +4698,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_compiler_gnu=yes -else $as_nop - ac_compiler_gnu=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_compiler_gnu=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu=$ac_compiler_gnu - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu" >&6; } @@ -4670,8 +4723,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether $CC accepts -g... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_cc_g+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_save_c_werror_flag=$ac_c_werror_flag +else case e in #( + e) ac_save_c_werror_flag=$ac_c_werror_flag ac_c_werror_flag=yes ac_cv_prog_cc_g=no CFLAGS="-g" @@ -4689,8 +4742,8 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_prog_cc_g=yes -else $as_nop - CFLAGS="" +else case e in #( + e) CFLAGS="" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -4705,8 +4758,8 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : -else $as_nop - ac_c_werror_flag=$ac_save_c_werror_flag +else case e in #( + e) ac_c_werror_flag=$ac_save_c_werror_flag CFLAGS="-g" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -4723,12 +4776,15 @@ if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_prog_cc_g=yes fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac +fi +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext -fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - ac_c_werror_flag=$ac_save_c_werror_flag + ac_c_werror_flag=$ac_save_c_werror_flag ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_cc_g" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_prog_cc_g" >&6; } @@ -4755,8 +4811,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $CC option to enable C11 features... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_cc_c11+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_prog_cc_c11=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_prog_cc_c11=no ac_save_CC=$CC cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -4773,25 +4829,28 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c11" != "xno" && break done rm -f conftest.$ac_ext -CC=$ac_save_CC +CC=$ac_save_CC ;; +esac fi if test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c11" = xno then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: unsupported" >&5 printf "%s\n" "unsupported" >&6; } -else $as_nop - if test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c11" = x +else case e in #( + e) if test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c11" = x then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: none needed" >&5 printf "%s\n" "none needed" >&6; } -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_cc_c11" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_cc_c11" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_prog_cc_c11" >&6; } - CC="$CC $ac_cv_prog_cc_c11" + CC="$CC $ac_cv_prog_cc_c11" ;; +esac fi ac_cv_prog_cc_stdc=$ac_cv_prog_cc_c11 - ac_prog_cc_stdc=c11 + ac_prog_cc_stdc=c11 ;; +esac fi fi if test x$ac_prog_cc_stdc = xno @@ -4801,8 +4860,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $CC option to enable C99 features... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_cc_c99+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_prog_cc_c99=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_prog_cc_c99=no ac_save_CC=$CC cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -4819,25 +4878,28 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c99" != "xno" && break done rm -f conftest.$ac_ext -CC=$ac_save_CC +CC=$ac_save_CC ;; +esac fi if test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c99" = xno then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: unsupported" >&5 printf "%s\n" "unsupported" >&6; } -else $as_nop - if test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c99" = x +else case e in #( + e) if test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c99" = x then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: none needed" >&5 printf "%s\n" "none needed" >&6; } -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_cc_c99" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_cc_c99" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_prog_cc_c99" >&6; } - CC="$CC $ac_cv_prog_cc_c99" + CC="$CC $ac_cv_prog_cc_c99" ;; +esac fi ac_cv_prog_cc_stdc=$ac_cv_prog_cc_c99 - ac_prog_cc_stdc=c99 + ac_prog_cc_stdc=c99 ;; +esac fi fi if test x$ac_prog_cc_stdc = xno @@ -4847,8 +4909,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $CC option to enable C89 features... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_cc_c89+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_prog_cc_c89=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_prog_cc_c89=no ac_save_CC=$CC cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -4865,25 +4927,28 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" != "xno" && break done rm -f conftest.$ac_ext -CC=$ac_save_CC +CC=$ac_save_CC ;; +esac fi if test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" = xno then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: unsupported" >&5 printf "%s\n" "unsupported" >&6; } -else $as_nop - if test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" = x +else case e in #( + e) if test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" = x then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: none needed" >&5 printf "%s\n" "none needed" >&6; } -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" >&6; } - CC="$CC $ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" + CC="$CC $ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" ;; +esac fi ac_cv_prog_cc_stdc=$ac_cv_prog_cc_c89 - ac_prog_cc_stdc=c89 + ac_prog_cc_stdc=c89 ;; +esac fi fi @@ -4944,8 +5009,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether it is safe to define __EXTENSIONS__... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_safe_to_define___extensions__+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ # define __EXTENSIONS__ 1 @@ -4961,10 +5026,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_safe_to_define___extensions__=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_safe_to_define___extensions__=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_safe_to_define___extensions__=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_safe_to_define___extensions__" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_safe_to_define___extensions__" >&6; } @@ -4974,8 +5041,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether _XOPEN_SOURCE should be defined... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_should_define__xopen_source+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_should_define__xopen_source=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_should_define__xopen_source=no if test $ac_cv_header_wchar_h = yes then : cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext @@ -4994,8 +5061,8 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500 @@ -5013,10 +5080,12 @@ if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_should_define__xopen_source=yes fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext -fi +fi ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_should_define__xopen_source" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_should_define__xopen_source" >&6; } @@ -5041,6 +5110,8 @@ printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_should_define__xopen_source" >&6; } printf "%s\n" "#define __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_DFP_EXT__ 1" >>confdefs.h + printf "%s\n" "#define __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_EXT__ 1" >>confdefs.h + printf "%s\n" "#define __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_FUNCS_EXT__ 1" >>confdefs.h printf "%s\n" "#define __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT__ 1" >>confdefs.h @@ -5060,8 +5131,9 @@ then : printf "%s\n" "#define _POSIX_1_SOURCE 2" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - MINIX= +else case e in #( + e) MINIX= ;; +esac fi if test $ac_cv_safe_to_define___extensions__ = yes then : @@ -5079,31 +5151,34 @@ if test ${enable_largefile+y} then : enableval=$enable_largefile; fi - -if test "$enable_largefile" != no; then - - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for special C compiler options needed for large files" >&5 -printf %s "checking for special C compiler options needed for large files... " >&6; } -if test ${ac_cv_sys_largefile_CC+y} +if test "$enable_largefile,$enable_year2038" != no,no +then : + { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $CC option to enable large file support" >&5 +printf %s "checking for $CC option to enable large file support... " >&6; } +if test ${ac_cv_sys_largefile_opts+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_sys_largefile_CC=no - if test "$GCC" != yes; then - ac_save_CC=$CC - while :; do - # IRIX 6.2 and later do not support large files by default, - # so use the C compiler's -n32 option if that helps. - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) ac_save_CC="$CC" + ac_opt_found=no + for ac_opt in "none needed" "-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64" "-D_LARGE_FILES=1" "-n32"; do + if test x"$ac_opt" != x"none needed" +then : + CC="$ac_save_CC $ac_opt" +fi + cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include - /* Check that off_t can represent 2**63 - 1 correctly. - We can't simply define LARGE_OFF_T to be 9223372036854775807, +#ifndef FTYPE +# define FTYPE off_t +#endif + /* Check that FTYPE can represent 2**63 - 1 correctly. + We can't simply define LARGE_FTYPE to be 9223372036854775807, since some C++ compilers masquerading as C compilers incorrectly reject 9223372036854775807. */ -#define LARGE_OFF_T (((off_t) 1 << 31 << 31) - 1 + ((off_t) 1 << 31 << 31)) - int off_t_is_large[(LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483629 == 721 - && LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483647 == 1) +#define LARGE_FTYPE (((FTYPE) 1 << 31 << 31) - 1 + ((FTYPE) 1 << 31 << 31)) + int FTYPE_is_large[(LARGE_FTYPE % 2147483629 == 721 + && LARGE_FTYPE % 2147483647 == 1) ? 1 : -1]; int main (void) @@ -5113,47 +5188,88 @@ main (void) return 0; } _ACEOF +if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" +then : + if test x"$ac_opt" = x"none needed" +then : + # GNU/Linux s390x and alpha need _FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 for wide ino_t. + CC="$CC -DFTYPE=ino_t" if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : - break + +else case e in #( + e) CC="$CC -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64" + if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" +then : + ac_opt='-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64' +fi +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam - CC="$CC -n32" - if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" -then : - ac_cv_sys_largefile_CC=' -n32'; break fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam - break - done - CC=$ac_save_CC - rm -f conftest.$ac_ext - fi + ac_cv_sys_largefile_opts=$ac_opt + ac_opt_found=yes fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sys_largefile_CC" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sys_largefile_CC" >&6; } - if test "$ac_cv_sys_largefile_CC" != no; then - CC=$CC$ac_cv_sys_largefile_CC - fi +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + test $ac_opt_found = no || break + done + CC="$ac_save_CC" - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for _FILE_OFFSET_BITS value needed for large files" >&5 -printf %s "checking for _FILE_OFFSET_BITS value needed for large files... " >&6; } -if test ${ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits+y} + test $ac_opt_found = yes || ac_cv_sys_largefile_opts="support not detected" ;; +esac +fi +{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sys_largefile_opts" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sys_largefile_opts" >&6; } + +ac_have_largefile=yes +case $ac_cv_sys_largefile_opts in #( + "none needed") : + ;; #( + "supported through gnulib") : + ;; #( + "support not detected") : + ac_have_largefile=no ;; #( + "-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64") : + +printf "%s\n" "#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64" >>confdefs.h + ;; #( + "-D_LARGE_FILES=1") : + +printf "%s\n" "#define _LARGE_FILES 1" >>confdefs.h + ;; #( + "-n32") : + CC="$CC -n32" ;; #( + *) : + as_fn_error $? "internal error: bad value for \$ac_cv_sys_largefile_opts" "$LINENO" 5 ;; +esac + +if test "$enable_year2038" != no +then : + { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $CC option for timestamps after 2038" >&5 +printf %s "checking for $CC option for timestamps after 2038... " >&6; } +if test ${ac_cv_sys_year2038_opts+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - while :; do - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) ac_save_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS" + ac_opt_found=no + for ac_opt in "none needed" "-D_TIME_BITS=64" "-D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT" "-U_USE_32_BIT_TIME_T -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT"; do + if test x"$ac_opt" != x"none needed" +then : + CPPFLAGS="$ac_save_CPPFLAGS $ac_opt" +fi + cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ -#include - /* Check that off_t can represent 2**63 - 1 correctly. - We can't simply define LARGE_OFF_T to be 9223372036854775807, - since some C++ compilers masquerading as C compilers - incorrectly reject 9223372036854775807. */ -#define LARGE_OFF_T (((off_t) 1 << 31 << 31) - 1 + ((off_t) 1 << 31 << 31)) - int off_t_is_large[(LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483629 == 721 - && LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483647 == 1) - ? 1 : -1]; + + #include + /* Check that time_t can represent 2**32 - 1 correctly. */ + #define LARGE_TIME_T \\ + ((time_t) (((time_t) 1 << 30) - 1 + 3 * ((time_t) 1 << 30))) + int verify_time_t_range[(LARGE_TIME_T / 65537 == 65535 + && LARGE_TIME_T % 65537 == 0) + ? 1 : -1]; + int main (void) { @@ -5164,120 +5280,47 @@ main (void) _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : - ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits=no; break + ac_cv_sys_year2038_opts="$ac_opt" + ac_opt_found=yes fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64 -#include - /* Check that off_t can represent 2**63 - 1 correctly. - We can't simply define LARGE_OFF_T to be 9223372036854775807, - since some C++ compilers masquerading as C compilers - incorrectly reject 9223372036854775807. */ -#define LARGE_OFF_T (((off_t) 1 << 31 << 31) - 1 + ((off_t) 1 << 31 << 31)) - int off_t_is_large[(LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483629 == 721 - && LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483647 == 1) - ? 1 : -1]; -int -main (void) -{ - - ; - return 0; -} -_ACEOF -if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" -then : - ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits=64; break -fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits=unknown - break -done -fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits" >&6; } -case $ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits in #( - no | unknown) ;; - *) -printf "%s\n" "#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS $ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits" >>confdefs.h -;; + test $ac_opt_found = no || break + done + CPPFLAGS="$ac_save_CPPFLAGS" + test $ac_opt_found = yes || ac_cv_sys_year2038_opts="support not detected" ;; esac -rm -rf conftest* - if test $ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits = unknown; then - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for _LARGE_FILES value needed for large files" >&5 -printf %s "checking for _LARGE_FILES value needed for large files... " >&6; } -if test ${ac_cv_sys_large_files+y} -then : - printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - while :; do - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#include - /* Check that off_t can represent 2**63 - 1 correctly. - We can't simply define LARGE_OFF_T to be 9223372036854775807, - since some C++ compilers masquerading as C compilers - incorrectly reject 9223372036854775807. */ -#define LARGE_OFF_T (((off_t) 1 << 31 << 31) - 1 + ((off_t) 1 << 31 << 31)) - int off_t_is_large[(LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483629 == 721 - && LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483647 == 1) - ? 1 : -1]; -int -main (void) -{ +fi +{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sys_year2038_opts" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sys_year2038_opts" >&6; } - ; - return 0; -} -_ACEOF -if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" -then : - ac_cv_sys_large_files=no; break -fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#define _LARGE_FILES 1 -#include - /* Check that off_t can represent 2**63 - 1 correctly. - We can't simply define LARGE_OFF_T to be 9223372036854775807, - since some C++ compilers masquerading as C compilers - incorrectly reject 9223372036854775807. */ -#define LARGE_OFF_T (((off_t) 1 << 31 << 31) - 1 + ((off_t) 1 << 31 << 31)) - int off_t_is_large[(LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483629 == 721 - && LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483647 == 1) - ? 1 : -1]; -int -main (void) -{ +ac_have_year2038=yes +case $ac_cv_sys_year2038_opts in #( + "none needed") : + ;; #( + "support not detected") : + ac_have_year2038=no ;; #( + "-D_TIME_BITS=64") : - ; - return 0; -} -_ACEOF -if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" -then : - ac_cv_sys_large_files=1; break -fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - ac_cv_sys_large_files=unknown - break -done -fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sys_large_files" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sys_large_files" >&6; } -case $ac_cv_sys_large_files in #( - no | unknown) ;; - *) -printf "%s\n" "#define _LARGE_FILES $ac_cv_sys_large_files" >>confdefs.h -;; +printf "%s\n" "#define _TIME_BITS 64" >>confdefs.h + ;; #( + "-D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT") : + +printf "%s\n" "#define __MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT 1" >>confdefs.h + ;; #( + "-U_USE_32_BIT_TIME_T"*) : + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +as_fn_error $? "the 'time_t' type is currently forced to be 32-bit. It +will stop working after mid-January 2038. Remove +_USE_32BIT_TIME_T from the compiler flags. +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } ;; #( + *) : + as_fn_error $? "internal error: bad value for \$ac_cv_sys_year2038_opts" "$LINENO" 5 ;; esac -rm -rf conftest* - fi + fi +fi SIGNAMES_O= @@ -5391,326 +5434,6 @@ fi -ac_ext=c -ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' -ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' -ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' -ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking how to run the C preprocessor" >&5 -printf %s "checking how to run the C preprocessor... " >&6; } -# On Suns, sometimes $CPP names a directory. -if test -n "$CPP" && test -d "$CPP"; then - CPP= -fi -if test -z "$CPP"; then - if test ${ac_cv_prog_CPP+y} -then : - printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - # Double quotes because $CC needs to be expanded - for CPP in "$CC -E" "$CC -E -traditional-cpp" cpp /lib/cpp - do - ac_preproc_ok=false -for ac_c_preproc_warn_flag in '' yes -do - # Use a header file that comes with gcc, so configuring glibc - # with a fresh cross-compiler works. - # On the NeXT, cc -E runs the code through the compiler's parser, - # not just through cpp. "Syntax error" is here to catch this case. - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#include - Syntax error -_ACEOF -if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO" -then : - -else $as_nop - # Broken: fails on valid input. -continue -fi -rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext - - # OK, works on sane cases. Now check whether nonexistent headers - # can be detected and how. - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#include -_ACEOF -if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO" -then : - # Broken: success on invalid input. -continue -else $as_nop - # Passes both tests. -ac_preproc_ok=: -break -fi -rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext - -done -# Because of `break', _AC_PREPROC_IFELSE's cleaning code was skipped. -rm -f conftest.i conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext -if $ac_preproc_ok -then : - break -fi - - done - ac_cv_prog_CPP=$CPP - -fi - CPP=$ac_cv_prog_CPP -else - ac_cv_prog_CPP=$CPP -fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $CPP" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$CPP" >&6; } -ac_preproc_ok=false -for ac_c_preproc_warn_flag in '' yes -do - # Use a header file that comes with gcc, so configuring glibc - # with a fresh cross-compiler works. - # On the NeXT, cc -E runs the code through the compiler's parser, - # not just through cpp. "Syntax error" is here to catch this case. - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#include - Syntax error -_ACEOF -if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO" -then : - -else $as_nop - # Broken: fails on valid input. -continue -fi -rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext - - # OK, works on sane cases. Now check whether nonexistent headers - # can be detected and how. - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#include -_ACEOF -if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO" -then : - # Broken: success on invalid input. -continue -else $as_nop - # Passes both tests. -ac_preproc_ok=: -break -fi -rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext - -done -# Because of `break', _AC_PREPROC_IFELSE's cleaning code was skipped. -rm -f conftest.i conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext -if $ac_preproc_ok -then : - -else $as_nop - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} -as_fn_error $? "C preprocessor \"$CPP\" fails sanity check -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } -fi - -ac_ext=c -ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' -ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' -ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' -ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu - - -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for grep that handles long lines and -e" >&5 -printf %s "checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... " >&6; } -if test ${ac_cv_path_GREP+y} -then : - printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -z "$GREP"; then - ac_path_GREP_found=false - # Loop through the user's path and test for each of PROGNAME-LIST - as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR -for as_dir in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/xpg4/bin -do - IFS=$as_save_IFS - case $as_dir in #((( - '') as_dir=./ ;; - */) ;; - *) as_dir=$as_dir/ ;; - esac - for ac_prog in grep ggrep - do - for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do - ac_path_GREP="$as_dir$ac_prog$ac_exec_ext" - as_fn_executable_p "$ac_path_GREP" || continue -# Check for GNU ac_path_GREP and select it if it is found. - # Check for GNU $ac_path_GREP -case `"$ac_path_GREP" --version 2>&1` in -*GNU*) - ac_cv_path_GREP="$ac_path_GREP" ac_path_GREP_found=:;; -*) - ac_count=0 - printf %s 0123456789 >"conftest.in" - while : - do - cat "conftest.in" "conftest.in" >"conftest.tmp" - mv "conftest.tmp" "conftest.in" - cp "conftest.in" "conftest.nl" - printf "%s\n" 'GREP' >> "conftest.nl" - "$ac_path_GREP" -e 'GREP$' -e '-(cannot match)-' < "conftest.nl" >"conftest.out" 2>/dev/null || break - diff "conftest.out" "conftest.nl" >/dev/null 2>&1 || break - as_fn_arith $ac_count + 1 && ac_count=$as_val - if test $ac_count -gt ${ac_path_GREP_max-0}; then - # Best one so far, save it but keep looking for a better one - ac_cv_path_GREP="$ac_path_GREP" - ac_path_GREP_max=$ac_count - fi - # 10*(2^10) chars as input seems more than enough - test $ac_count -gt 10 && break - done - rm -f conftest.in conftest.tmp conftest.nl conftest.out;; -esac - - $ac_path_GREP_found && break 3 - done - done - done -IFS=$as_save_IFS - if test -z "$ac_cv_path_GREP"; then - as_fn_error $? "no acceptable grep could be found in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/xpg4/bin" "$LINENO" 5 - fi -else - ac_cv_path_GREP=$GREP -fi - -fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_path_GREP" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_path_GREP" >&6; } - GREP="$ac_cv_path_GREP" - - -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for egrep" >&5 -printf %s "checking for egrep... " >&6; } -if test ${ac_cv_path_EGREP+y} -then : - printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if echo a | $GREP -E '(a|b)' >/dev/null 2>&1 - then ac_cv_path_EGREP="$GREP -E" - else - if test -z "$EGREP"; then - ac_path_EGREP_found=false - # Loop through the user's path and test for each of PROGNAME-LIST - as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR -for as_dir in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/xpg4/bin -do - IFS=$as_save_IFS - case $as_dir in #((( - '') as_dir=./ ;; - */) ;; - *) as_dir=$as_dir/ ;; - esac - for ac_prog in egrep - do - for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do - ac_path_EGREP="$as_dir$ac_prog$ac_exec_ext" - as_fn_executable_p "$ac_path_EGREP" || continue -# Check for GNU ac_path_EGREP and select it if it is found. - # Check for GNU $ac_path_EGREP -case `"$ac_path_EGREP" --version 2>&1` in -*GNU*) - ac_cv_path_EGREP="$ac_path_EGREP" ac_path_EGREP_found=:;; -*) - ac_count=0 - printf %s 0123456789 >"conftest.in" - while : - do - cat "conftest.in" "conftest.in" >"conftest.tmp" - mv "conftest.tmp" "conftest.in" - cp "conftest.in" "conftest.nl" - printf "%s\n" 'EGREP' >> "conftest.nl" - "$ac_path_EGREP" 'EGREP$' < "conftest.nl" >"conftest.out" 2>/dev/null || break - diff "conftest.out" "conftest.nl" >/dev/null 2>&1 || break - as_fn_arith $ac_count + 1 && ac_count=$as_val - if test $ac_count -gt ${ac_path_EGREP_max-0}; then - # Best one so far, save it but keep looking for a better one - ac_cv_path_EGREP="$ac_path_EGREP" - ac_path_EGREP_max=$ac_count - fi - # 10*(2^10) chars as input seems more than enough - test $ac_count -gt 10 && break - done - rm -f conftest.in conftest.tmp conftest.nl conftest.out;; -esac - - $ac_path_EGREP_found && break 3 - done - done - done -IFS=$as_save_IFS - if test -z "$ac_cv_path_EGREP"; then - as_fn_error $? "no acceptable egrep could be found in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/xpg4/bin" "$LINENO" 5 - fi -else - ac_cv_path_EGREP=$EGREP -fi - - fi -fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_path_EGREP" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_path_EGREP" >&6; } - EGREP="$ac_cv_path_EGREP" - - -if test $ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu = yes; then - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether $CC needs -traditional" >&5 -printf %s "checking whether $CC needs -traditional... " >&6; } -if test ${ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional+y} -then : - printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_pattern="Autoconf.*'x'" - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#include -Autoconf TIOCGETP -_ACEOF -if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "$ac_pattern" >/dev/null 2>&1 -then : - ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional=no -fi -rm -rf conftest* - - - if test $ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional = no; then - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#include -Autoconf TCGETA -_ACEOF -if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "$ac_pattern" >/dev/null 2>&1 -then : - ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional=yes -fi -rm -rf conftest* - - fi -fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional" >&6; } - if test $ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional = yes; then - CC="$CC -traditional" - fi -fi - if test "$opt_readline" = yes && test "$opt_with_installed_readline" != "no" @@ -5730,27 +5453,33 @@ fi if test ${bash_cv_termcap_lib+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "tgetent" "ac_cv_func_tgetent" +else case e in #( + e) ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "tgetent" "ac_cv_func_tgetent" if test "x$ac_cv_func_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libc -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -ltermcap" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -ltermcap" >&5 printf %s "checking for tgetent in -ltermcap... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-ltermcap $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char tgetent (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (void); int main (void) { @@ -5762,34 +5491,42 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libtermcap -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -ltinfo" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -ltinfo" >&5 printf %s "checking for tgetent in -ltinfo... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-ltinfo $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char tgetent (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (void); int main (void) { @@ -5801,34 +5538,42 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libtinfo -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lcurses" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lcurses" >&5 printf %s "checking for tgetent in -lcurses... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lcurses $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char tgetent (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (void); int main (void) { @@ -5840,34 +5585,42 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libcurses -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lncurses" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lncurses" >&5 printf %s "checking for tgetent in -lncurses... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lncurses $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char tgetent (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (void); int main (void) { @@ -5879,34 +5632,42 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncurses -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lncursesw" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lncursesw" >&5 printf %s "checking for tgetent in -lncursesw... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lncursesw $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char tgetent (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (void); int main (void) { @@ -5918,32 +5679,41 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncursesw -else $as_nop - bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi if test "X$_bash_needmsg" = "Xyes"; then @@ -6008,13 +5778,13 @@ LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L${ac_cv_rl_libdir}" if test ${ac_cv_rl_version+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : ac_cv_rl_version='8.0' -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -6042,13 +5812,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_rl_version=`cat conftest.rlv` -else $as_nop - ac_cv_rl_version='0.0' +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_rl_version='0.0' ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi @@ -6238,8 +6011,8 @@ if test -z "$INSTALL"; then if test ${ac_cv_path_install+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR +else case e in #( + e) as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR for as_dir in $PATH do IFS=$as_save_IFS @@ -6293,7 +6066,8 @@ esac IFS=$as_save_IFS rm -rf conftest.one conftest.two conftest.dir - + ;; +esac fi if test ${ac_cv_path_install+y}; then INSTALL=$ac_cv_path_install @@ -6324,8 +6098,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_AR+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$AR"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$AR"; then ac_cv_prog_AR="$AR" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -6347,7 +6121,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi AR=$ac_cv_prog_AR if test -n "$AR"; then @@ -6369,8 +6144,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_AR+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$ac_ct_AR"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$ac_ct_AR"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_AR="$ac_ct_AR" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -6392,7 +6167,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi ac_ct_AR=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_AR if test -n "$ac_ct_AR"; then @@ -6427,8 +6203,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_RANLIB+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$RANLIB"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$RANLIB"; then ac_cv_prog_RANLIB="$RANLIB" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -6450,7 +6226,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi RANLIB=$ac_cv_prog_RANLIB if test -n "$RANLIB"; then @@ -6472,8 +6249,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_RANLIB+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$ac_ct_RANLIB"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$ac_ct_RANLIB"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_RANLIB="$ac_ct_RANLIB" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -6495,7 +6272,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi ac_ct_RANLIB=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_RANLIB if test -n "$ac_ct_RANLIB"; then @@ -6530,8 +6308,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_YACC+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$YACC"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$YACC"; then ac_cv_prog_YACC="$YACC" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -6553,7 +6331,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi YACC=$ac_cv_prog_YACC if test -n "$YACC"; then @@ -6576,8 +6355,8 @@ ac_make=`printf "%s\n" "$2" | sed 's/+/p/g; s/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/_/g'` if eval test \${ac_cv_prog_make_${ac_make}_set+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat >conftest.make <<\_ACEOF +else case e in #( + e) cat >conftest.make <<\_ACEOF SHELL = /bin/sh all: @echo '@@@%%%=$(MAKE)=@@@%%%' @@ -6589,7 +6368,8 @@ case `${MAKE-make} -f conftest.make 2>/dev/null` in *) eval ac_cv_prog_make_${ac_make}_set=no;; esac -rm -f conftest.make +rm -f conftest.make ;; +esac fi if eval test \$ac_cv_prog_make_${ac_make}_set = yes; then { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5 @@ -7123,8 +6903,8 @@ printf %s "checking for an ANSI C-conforming const... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_c_const+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ int @@ -7188,10 +6968,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_c_const=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_const=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_const=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_const" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_const" >&6; } @@ -7206,8 +6988,8 @@ printf %s "checking for inline... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_c_inline+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_inline=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_inline=no for ac_kw in inline __inline__ __inline; do cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -7225,7 +7007,8 @@ fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext test "$ac_cv_c_inline" != no && break done - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_inline" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_inline" >&6; } @@ -7250,8 +7033,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether byte ordering is bigendian... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_c_bigendian+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_bigendian=unknown +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_bigendian=unknown # See if we're dealing with a universal compiler. cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -7297,8 +7080,8 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext int main (void) { -#if ! (defined BYTE_ORDER && defined BIG_ENDIAN \ - && defined LITTLE_ENDIAN && BYTE_ORDER && BIG_ENDIAN \ +#if ! (defined BYTE_ORDER && defined BIG_ENDIAN \\ + && defined LITTLE_ENDIAN && BYTE_ORDER && BIG_ENDIAN \\ && LITTLE_ENDIAN) bogus endian macros #endif @@ -7329,8 +7112,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_c_bigendian=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_bigendian=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_bigendian=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext fi @@ -7374,8 +7158,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_c_bigendian=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_bigendian=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_bigendian=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext fi @@ -7402,22 +7187,23 @@ unsigned short int ascii_mm[] = int use_ebcdic (int i) { return ebcdic_mm[i] + ebcdic_ii[i]; } - extern int foo; - -int -main (void) -{ -return use_ascii (foo) == use_ebcdic (foo); - ; - return 0; -} + int + main (int argc, char **argv) + { + /* Intimidate the compiler so that it does not + optimize the arrays away. */ + char *p = argv[0]; + ascii_mm[1] = *p++; ebcdic_mm[1] = *p++; + ascii_ii[1] = *p++; ebcdic_ii[1] = *p++; + return use_ascii (argc) == use_ebcdic (*p); + } _ACEOF -if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" +if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : - if grep BIGenDianSyS conftest.$ac_objext >/dev/null; then + if grep BIGenDianSyS conftest$ac_exeext >/dev/null; then ac_cv_c_bigendian=yes fi - if grep LiTTleEnDian conftest.$ac_objext >/dev/null ; then + if grep LiTTleEnDian conftest$ac_exeext >/dev/null ; then if test "$ac_cv_c_bigendian" = unknown; then ac_cv_c_bigendian=no else @@ -7426,9 +7212,10 @@ then : fi fi fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $ac_includes_default int @@ -7451,14 +7238,17 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_c_bigendian=no -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_bigendian=yes +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_bigendian=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - fi + fi ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_bigendian" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_bigendian" >&6; } @@ -7478,31 +7268,8 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define AC_APPLE_UNIVERSAL_BUILD 1" >>confdefs.h presetting ac_cv_c_bigendian=no (or yes) will help" "$LINENO" 5 ;; esac -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for preprocessor stringizing operator" >&5 -printf %s "checking for preprocessor stringizing operator... " >&6; } -if test ${ac_cv_c_stringize+y} -then : - printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#define x(y) #y -char *s = x(teststring); -_ACEOF -if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "#teststring" >/dev/null 2>&1 -then : - ac_cv_c_stringize=no -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_stringize=yes -fi -rm -rf conftest* - -fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_stringize" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_stringize" >&6; } -if test $ac_cv_c_stringize = yes; then +if test "$ac_prog_cc_stdc" != no; then printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRINGIZE 1" >>confdefs.h @@ -7514,8 +7281,8 @@ printf %s "checking for long double... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_type_long_double+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$GCC" = yes; then +else case e in #( + e) if test "$GCC" = yes; then ac_cv_type_long_double=yes else cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext @@ -7538,11 +7305,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_type_long_double=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_long_double=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_type_long_double=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - fi + fi ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_type_long_double" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_type_long_double" >&6; } @@ -7557,8 +7326,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether char is unsigned... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_c_char_unsigned+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $ac_includes_default int @@ -7575,10 +7344,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_c_char_unsigned=no -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_char_unsigned=yes +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_char_unsigned=yes ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_char_unsigned" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_char_unsigned" >&6; } @@ -7592,8 +7363,8 @@ printf %s "checking for working volatile... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_c_volatile+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ int @@ -7610,10 +7381,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_c_volatile=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_volatile=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_volatile=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_volatile" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_volatile" >&6; } @@ -7628,8 +7401,8 @@ printf %s "checking for C/C++ restrict keyword... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_c_restrict+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_restrict=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_restrict=no # Put '__restrict__' first, to avoid problems with glibc and non-GCC; see: # https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-autoconf/2016-02/msg00006.html # Put 'restrict' last, because C++ lacks it. @@ -7660,7 +7433,8 @@ fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext test "$ac_cv_c_restrict" != no && break done - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_restrict" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_restrict" >&6; } @@ -7681,8 +7455,8 @@ printf %s "checking for bool, true, false... " >&6; } if test ${gl_cv_c_bool+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #if true == false @@ -7694,10 +7468,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_c_bool=yes -else $as_nop - gl_cv_c_bool=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_c_bool=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_c_bool" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_c_bool" >&6; } @@ -7718,8 +7494,8 @@ if test -z "$MKDIR_P"; then if test ${ac_cv_path_mkdir+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR +else case e in #( + e) as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR for as_dir in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/opt/sfw/bin do IFS=$as_save_IFS @@ -7733,7 +7509,7 @@ do as_fn_executable_p "$as_dir$ac_prog$ac_exec_ext" || continue case `"$as_dir$ac_prog$ac_exec_ext" --version 2>&1` in #( 'mkdir ('*'coreutils) '* | \ - 'BusyBox '* | \ + *'BusyBox '* | \ 'mkdir (fileutils) '4.1*) ac_cv_path_mkdir=$as_dir$ac_prog$ac_exec_ext break 3;; @@ -7742,18 +7518,17 @@ do done done IFS=$as_save_IFS - + ;; +esac fi test -d ./--version && rmdir ./--version if test ${ac_cv_path_mkdir+y}; then MKDIR_P="$ac_cv_path_mkdir -p" else - # As a last resort, use the slow shell script. Don't cache a - # value for MKDIR_P within a source directory, because that will - # break other packages using the cache if that directory is - # removed, or if the value is a relative name. - MKDIR_P="$ac_install_sh -d" + # As a last resort, use plain mkdir -p, + # in the hope it doesn't have the bugs of ancient mkdir. + MKDIR_P='mkdir -p' fi fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $MKDIR_P" >&5 @@ -7764,8 +7539,8 @@ printf %s "checking for a sed that does not truncate output... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_path_SED+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_script=s/aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb/ +else case e in #( + e) ac_script=s/aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb/ for ac_i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do ac_script="$ac_script$as_nl$ac_script" done @@ -7790,9 +7565,10 @@ do as_fn_executable_p "$ac_path_SED" || continue # Check for GNU ac_path_SED and select it if it is found. # Check for GNU $ac_path_SED -case `"$ac_path_SED" --version 2>&1` in +case `"$ac_path_SED" --version 2>&1` in #( *GNU*) ac_cv_path_SED="$ac_path_SED" ac_path_SED_found=:;; +#( *) ac_count=0 printf %s 0123456789 >"conftest.in" @@ -7827,7 +7603,8 @@ IFS=$as_save_IFS else ac_cv_path_SED=$SED fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_path_SED" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_path_SED" >&6; } @@ -7841,8 +7618,9 @@ printf %s "checking whether NLS is requested... " >&6; } if test ${enable_nls+y} then : enableval=$enable_nls; USE_NLS=$enableval -else $as_nop - USE_NLS=yes +else case e in #( + e) USE_NLS=yes ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $USE_NLS" >&5 @@ -7890,8 +7668,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_path_MSGFMT+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - case "$MSGFMT" in +else case e in #( + e) case "$MSGFMT" in [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]*) ac_cv_path_MSGFMT="$MSGFMT" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; @@ -7914,6 +7692,7 @@ else $as_nop IFS="$ac_save_IFS" test -z "$ac_cv_path_MSGFMT" && ac_cv_path_MSGFMT=":" ;; +esac ;; esac fi MSGFMT="$ac_cv_path_MSGFMT" @@ -7932,8 +7711,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_path_GMSGFMT+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - case $GMSGFMT in +else case e in #( + e) case $GMSGFMT in [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]*) ac_cv_path_GMSGFMT="$GMSGFMT" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; @@ -7959,6 +7738,7 @@ IFS=$as_save_IFS test -z "$ac_cv_path_GMSGFMT" && ac_cv_path_GMSGFMT="$MSGFMT" ;; +esac ;; esac fi GMSGFMT=$ac_cv_path_GMSGFMT @@ -8013,8 +7793,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_path_XGETTEXT+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - case "$XGETTEXT" in +else case e in #( + e) case "$XGETTEXT" in [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]*) ac_cv_path_XGETTEXT="$XGETTEXT" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; @@ -8037,6 +7817,7 @@ else $as_nop IFS="$ac_save_IFS" test -z "$ac_cv_path_XGETTEXT" && ac_cv_path_XGETTEXT=":" ;; +esac ;; esac fi XGETTEXT="$ac_cv_path_XGETTEXT" @@ -8091,8 +7872,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_path_MSGMERGE+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - case "$MSGMERGE" in +else case e in #( + e) case "$MSGMERGE" in [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]*) ac_cv_path_MSGMERGE="$MSGMERGE" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; @@ -8114,6 +7895,7 @@ else $as_nop IFS="$ac_save_IFS" test -z "$ac_cv_path_MSGMERGE" && ac_cv_path_MSGMERGE=":" ;; +esac ;; esac fi MSGMERGE="$ac_cv_path_MSGMERGE" @@ -8143,14 +7925,287 @@ fi ac_config_commands="$ac_config_commands po-directories" +ac_ext=c +ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' +ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' +ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' +ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu +{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking how to run the C preprocessor" >&5 +printf %s "checking how to run the C preprocessor... " >&6; } +# On Suns, sometimes $CPP names a directory. +if test -n "$CPP" && test -d "$CPP"; then + CPP= +fi +if test -z "$CPP"; then + if test ${ac_cv_prog_CPP+y} +then : + printf %s "(cached) " >&6 +else case e in #( + e) # Double quotes because $CC needs to be expanded + for CPP in "$CC -E" "$CC -E -traditional-cpp" cpp /lib/cpp + do + ac_preproc_ok=false +for ac_c_preproc_warn_flag in '' yes +do + # Use a header file that comes with gcc, so configuring glibc + # with a fresh cross-compiler works. + # On the NeXT, cc -E runs the code through the compiler's parser, + # not just through cpp. "Syntax error" is here to catch this case. + cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +/* end confdefs.h. */ +#include + Syntax error +_ACEOF +if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO" +then : + +else case e in #( + e) # Broken: fails on valid input. +continue ;; +esac +fi +rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext + + # OK, works on sane cases. Now check whether nonexistent headers + # can be detected and how. + cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +/* end confdefs.h. */ +#include +_ACEOF +if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO" +then : + # Broken: success on invalid input. +continue +else case e in #( + e) # Passes both tests. +ac_preproc_ok=: +break ;; +esac +fi +rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext + +done +# Because of 'break', _AC_PREPROC_IFELSE's cleaning code was skipped. +rm -f conftest.i conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext +if $ac_preproc_ok +then : + break +fi + + done + ac_cv_prog_CPP=$CPP + ;; +esac +fi + CPP=$ac_cv_prog_CPP +else + ac_cv_prog_CPP=$CPP +fi +{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $CPP" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$CPP" >&6; } +ac_preproc_ok=false +for ac_c_preproc_warn_flag in '' yes +do + # Use a header file that comes with gcc, so configuring glibc + # with a fresh cross-compiler works. + # On the NeXT, cc -E runs the code through the compiler's parser, + # not just through cpp. "Syntax error" is here to catch this case. + cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +/* end confdefs.h. */ +#include + Syntax error +_ACEOF +if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO" +then : + +else case e in #( + e) # Broken: fails on valid input. +continue ;; +esac +fi +rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext + + # OK, works on sane cases. Now check whether nonexistent headers + # can be detected and how. + cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +/* end confdefs.h. */ +#include +_ACEOF +if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO" +then : + # Broken: success on invalid input. +continue +else case e in #( + e) # Passes both tests. +ac_preproc_ok=: +break ;; +esac +fi +rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext + +done +# Because of 'break', _AC_PREPROC_IFELSE's cleaning code was skipped. +rm -f conftest.i conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext +if $ac_preproc_ok +then : + +else case e in #( + e) { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +as_fn_error $? "C preprocessor \"$CPP\" fails sanity check +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } ;; +esac +fi + +ac_ext=c +ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' +ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' +ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' +ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu + + +{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for egrep -e" >&5 +printf %s "checking for egrep -e... " >&6; } +if test ${ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL+y} +then : + printf %s "(cached) " >&6 +else case e in #( + e) if test -z "$EGREP_TRADITIONAL"; then + ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL_found=false + # Loop through the user's path and test for each of PROGNAME-LIST + as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR +for as_dir in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/xpg4/bin +do + IFS=$as_save_IFS + case $as_dir in #((( + '') as_dir=./ ;; + */) ;; + *) as_dir=$as_dir/ ;; + esac + for ac_prog in grep ggrep + do + for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do + ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL="$as_dir$ac_prog$ac_exec_ext" + as_fn_executable_p "$ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" || continue +# Check for GNU ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL and select it if it is found. + # Check for GNU $ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL +case `"$ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" --version 2>&1` in #( +*GNU*) + ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL="$ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL_found=:;; +#( +*) + ac_count=0 + printf %s 0123456789 >"conftest.in" + while : + do + cat "conftest.in" "conftest.in" >"conftest.tmp" + mv "conftest.tmp" "conftest.in" + cp "conftest.in" "conftest.nl" + printf "%s\n" 'EGREP_TRADITIONAL' >> "conftest.nl" + "$ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" -E 'EGR(EP|AC)_TRADITIONAL$' < "conftest.nl" >"conftest.out" 2>/dev/null || break + diff "conftest.out" "conftest.nl" >/dev/null 2>&1 || break + as_fn_arith $ac_count + 1 && ac_count=$as_val + if test $ac_count -gt ${ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL_max-0}; then + # Best one so far, save it but keep looking for a better one + ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL="$ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" + ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL_max=$ac_count + fi + # 10*(2^10) chars as input seems more than enough + test $ac_count -gt 10 && break + done + rm -f conftest.in conftest.tmp conftest.nl conftest.out;; +esac + + $ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL_found && break 3 + done + done + done +IFS=$as_save_IFS + if test -z "$ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL"; then + : + fi +else + ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL=$EGREP_TRADITIONAL +fi + + if test "$ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" +then : + ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL="$ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL -E" +else case e in #( + e) if test -z "$EGREP_TRADITIONAL"; then + ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL_found=false + # Loop through the user's path and test for each of PROGNAME-LIST + as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR +for as_dir in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/xpg4/bin +do + IFS=$as_save_IFS + case $as_dir in #((( + '') as_dir=./ ;; + */) ;; + *) as_dir=$as_dir/ ;; + esac + for ac_prog in egrep + do + for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do + ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL="$as_dir$ac_prog$ac_exec_ext" + as_fn_executable_p "$ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" || continue +# Check for GNU ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL and select it if it is found. + # Check for GNU $ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL +case `"$ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" --version 2>&1` in #( +*GNU*) + ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL="$ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL_found=:;; +#( +*) + ac_count=0 + printf %s 0123456789 >"conftest.in" + while : + do + cat "conftest.in" "conftest.in" >"conftest.tmp" + mv "conftest.tmp" "conftest.in" + cp "conftest.in" "conftest.nl" + printf "%s\n" 'EGREP_TRADITIONAL' >> "conftest.nl" + "$ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" 'EGR(EP|AC)_TRADITIONAL$' < "conftest.nl" >"conftest.out" 2>/dev/null || break + diff "conftest.out" "conftest.nl" >/dev/null 2>&1 || break + as_fn_arith $ac_count + 1 && ac_count=$as_val + if test $ac_count -gt ${ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL_max-0}; then + # Best one so far, save it but keep looking for a better one + ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL="$ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" + ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL_max=$ac_count + fi + # 10*(2^10) chars as input seems more than enough + test $ac_count -gt 10 && break + done + rm -f conftest.in conftest.tmp conftest.nl conftest.out;; +esac + + $ac_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL_found && break 3 + done + done + done +IFS=$as_save_IFS + if test -z "$ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL"; then + as_fn_error $? "no acceptable egrep could be found in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/xpg4/bin" "$LINENO" 5 + fi +else + ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL=$EGREP_TRADITIONAL +fi + ;; +esac +fi ;; +esac +fi +{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL" >&6; } + EGREP_TRADITIONAL=$ac_cv_path_EGREP_TRADITIONAL + { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether we are using the GNU C Library 2 or newer" >&5 printf %s "checking whether we are using the GNU C Library 2 or newer... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_gnu_library_2+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -8162,16 +8217,18 @@ else $as_nop _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "Lucky GNU user" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "Lucky GNU user" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : ac_cv_gnu_library_2=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_gnu_library_2=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_gnu_library_2=no ;; +esac fi rm -rf conftest* - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_gnu_library_2" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_gnu_library_2" >&6; } @@ -8189,8 +8246,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether the -Werror option is usable... " >&6; } if test ${gl_cv_cc_vis_werror+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - gl_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" +else case e in #( + e) gl_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -8206,12 +8263,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_cc_vis_werror=yes -else $as_nop - gl_cv_cc_vis_werror=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_cc_vis_werror=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext CFLAGS="$gl_save_CFLAGS" - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_cc_vis_werror" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_cc_vis_werror" >&6; } @@ -8220,8 +8279,8 @@ printf %s "checking for simple visibility declarations... " >&6; } if test ${gl_cv_cc_visibility+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - gl_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" +else case e in #( + e) gl_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -fvisibility=hidden" if test $gl_cv_cc_vis_werror = yes; then CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror" @@ -8245,12 +8304,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_cc_visibility=yes -else $as_nop - gl_cv_cc_visibility=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_cc_visibility=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext CFLAGS="$gl_save_CFLAGS" - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_cc_visibility" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_cc_visibility" >&6; } @@ -8269,10 +8330,11 @@ ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "size_t" "ac_cv_type_size_t" "$ac_includes_default" if test "x$ac_cv_type_size_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define size_t unsigned int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi @@ -8281,8 +8343,8 @@ printf %s "checking for stdint.h... " >&6; } if test ${gl_cv_header_stdint_h+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #include @@ -8297,10 +8359,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_header_stdint_h=yes -else $as_nop - gl_cv_header_stdint_h=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_header_stdint_h=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_header_stdint_h" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_header_stdint_h" >&6; } @@ -8317,8 +8381,8 @@ printf %s "checking for working alloca.h... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_working_alloca_h+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include int @@ -8333,11 +8397,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_working_alloca_h=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_working_alloca_h=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_working_alloca_h=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_working_alloca_h" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_working_alloca_h" >&6; } @@ -8352,10 +8418,10 @@ printf %s "checking for alloca... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_func_alloca_works+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test $ac_cv_working_alloca_h = yes; then - ac_cv_func_alloca_works=yes -else +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_func_alloca_works=$ac_cv_working_alloca_h +if test "$ac_cv_func_alloca_works" != yes +then : cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -8386,15 +8452,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_func_alloca_works=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_func_alloca_works=no fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext +fi ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_func_alloca_works" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_func_alloca_works" >&6; } -fi if test $ac_cv_func_alloca_works = yes; then @@ -8416,12 +8481,12 @@ printf %s "checking stack direction for C alloca... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_c_stack_direction+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : ac_cv_c_stack_direction=0 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $ac_includes_default int @@ -8444,13 +8509,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_c_stack_direction=1 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_stack_direction=-1 +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_stack_direction=-1 ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_stack_direction" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_stack_direction" >&6; } @@ -8480,8 +8548,8 @@ printf %s "checking for working mmap... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : case "$host_os" in # (( # Guess yes on platforms where we know the result. @@ -8489,8 +8557,8 @@ then : # If we don't know, assume the worst. *) ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped=no ;; esac -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $ac_includes_default /* malloc might have been renamed as rpl_malloc. */ @@ -8517,6 +8585,8 @@ $ac_includes_default #include #ifndef getpagesize +/* Prefer sysconf to the legacy getpagesize function, as getpagesize has + been removed from POSIX and is limited to page sizes that fit in 'int'. */ # ifdef _SC_PAGESIZE # define getpagesize() sysconf (_SC_PAGESIZE) # elif defined _SC_PAGE_SIZE @@ -8589,8 +8659,7 @@ main (void) if (*(data2 + i)) return 7; close (fd2); - if (munmap (data2, pagesize)) - return 8; + /* 'return 8;' not currently used. */ /* Next, try to mmap the file at a fixed address which already has something else allocated at it. If we can, also make sure that @@ -8627,13 +8696,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped" >&6; } @@ -8651,8 +8723,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether integer division by zero raises SIGFPE... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_int_divbyzero_sigfpe+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_int_divbyzero_sigfpe= case "$host_os" in macos* | darwin[6-9]* | darwin[1-9][0-9]*) @@ -8677,8 +8749,8 @@ then : gt_cv_int_divbyzero_sigfpe="guessing no";; esac -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include /* for exit() */ @@ -8720,15 +8792,18 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_int_divbyzero_sigfpe=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_int_divbyzero_sigfpe=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_int_divbyzero_sigfpe=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_int_divbyzero_sigfpe" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_int_divbyzero_sigfpe" >&6; } @@ -8746,8 +8821,8 @@ printf %s "checking for inttypes.h... " >&6; } if test ${gl_cv_header_inttypes_h+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -8764,10 +8839,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_header_inttypes_h=yes -else $as_nop - gl_cv_header_inttypes_h=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_header_inttypes_h=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_header_inttypes_h" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_header_inttypes_h" >&6; } @@ -8783,8 +8860,8 @@ printf %s "checking for unsigned long long int... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int=yes +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int=yes case $ac_prog_cc_stdc in no | c89) ;; *) @@ -8823,12 +8900,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext;; - esac + esac ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int" >&6; } @@ -8865,8 +8944,8 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_UINTMAX_T 1" >>confdefs.h if test ${enable_threads+y} then : enableval=$enable_threads; gl_use_threads=$enableval -else $as_nop - if test -n "$gl_use_threads_default"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$gl_use_threads_default"; then gl_use_threads="$gl_use_threads_default" else case "$host_os" in @@ -8887,7 +8966,8 @@ else $as_nop *) gl_use_threads=yes ;; esac fi - + ;; +esac fi if test "$gl_use_threads" = yes \ @@ -8940,8 +9020,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether imported symbols can be declared weak... " >&6; } if test ${gl_cv_have_weak+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - case "$host_os" in +else case e in #( + e) case "$host_os" in cygwin*) gl_cv_have_weak="guessing no" ;; @@ -8976,17 +9056,18 @@ then : _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "Extensible Linking Format" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "Extensible Linking Format" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : gl_cv_have_weak="guessing yes" -else $as_nop - gl_cv_have_weak="guessing no" +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_have_weak="guessing no" ;; +esac fi rm -rf conftest* -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -8999,11 +9080,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_have_weak=yes -else $as_nop - gl_cv_have_weak=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_have_weak=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi fi @@ -9033,7 +9116,8 @@ EOF esac ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_have_weak" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_have_weak" >&6; } @@ -9068,8 +9152,9 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_WEAK_SYMBOLS 1" >>confdefs.h if test "x$ac_cv_header_pthread_h" = xyes then : gl_have_pthread_h=yes -else $as_nop - gl_have_pthread_h=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_have_pthread_h=no ;; +esac fi if test "$gl_have_pthread_h" = yes; then @@ -9112,8 +9197,8 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ LIBS=$save_LIBS test $gl_pthread_api = yes && break done - echo "$as_me:9115: gl_pthread_api=$gl_pthread_api" >&5 - echo "$as_me:9116: LIBPTHREAD=$LIBPTHREAD" >&5 + echo "$as_me:9200: gl_pthread_api=$gl_pthread_api" >&5 + echo "$as_me:9201: LIBPTHREAD=$LIBPTHREAD" >&5 gl_pthread_in_glibc=no # On Linux with glibc >= 2.34, libc contains the fully functional @@ -9131,7 +9216,7 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "Lucky user" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "Lucky user" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : gl_pthread_in_glibc=yes fi @@ -9139,7 +9224,7 @@ rm -rf conftest* ;; esac - echo "$as_me:9142: gl_pthread_in_glibc=$gl_pthread_in_glibc" >&5 + echo "$as_me:9227: gl_pthread_in_glibc=$gl_pthread_in_glibc" >&5 # Test for libpthread by looking for pthread_kill. (Not pthread_self, # since it is defined as a macro on OSF/1.) @@ -9151,16 +9236,22 @@ printf %s "checking for pthread_kill in -lpthread... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lpthread $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char pthread_kill (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char pthread_kill (void); int main (void) { @@ -9172,12 +9263,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill" >&6; } @@ -9210,16 +9303,22 @@ printf %s "checking for pthread_kill in -lpthread... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lpthread $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char pthread_kill (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char pthread_kill (void); int main (void) { @@ -9231,12 +9330,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill" >&6; } @@ -9254,16 +9355,22 @@ printf %s "checking for pthread_kill in -lc_r... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lc_r $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char pthread_kill (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char pthread_kill (void); int main (void) { @@ -9275,12 +9382,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill" >&6; } @@ -9293,7 +9402,7 @@ fi fi fi - echo "$as_me:9296: LIBPMULTITHREAD=$LIBPMULTITHREAD" >&5 + echo "$as_me:9405: LIBPMULTITHREAD=$LIBPMULTITHREAD" >&5 fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether POSIX threads API is available" >&5 printf %s "checking whether POSIX threads API is available... " >&6; } @@ -9322,22 +9431,28 @@ if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : LIB_SCHED_YIELD= -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for sched_yield in -lrt" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for sched_yield in -lrt" >&5 printf %s "checking for sched_yield in -lrt... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lrt $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char sched_yield (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char sched_yield (void); int main (void) { @@ -9349,34 +9464,42 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield" = xyes then : LIB_SCHED_YIELD=-lrt -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for sched_yield in -lposix4" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for sched_yield in -lposix4" >&5 printf %s "checking for sched_yield in -lposix4... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lposix4 $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char sched_yield (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char sched_yield (void); int main (void) { @@ -9388,12 +9511,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield" >&6; } @@ -9401,10 +9526,12 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield" = xyes then : LIB_SCHED_YIELD=-lposix4 fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext @@ -9477,8 +9604,9 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define PTHREAD_IN_USE_DETECTION_HARD 1" >>confdefs.h if test "x$ac_cv_header_pthread_h" = xyes then : gl_have_pthread_h=yes -else $as_nop - gl_have_pthread_h=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_have_pthread_h=no ;; +esac fi if test "$gl_have_pthread_h" = yes; then @@ -9521,8 +9649,8 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ LIBS=$save_LIBS test $gl_pthread_api = yes && break done - echo "$as_me:9524: gl_pthread_api=$gl_pthread_api" >&5 - echo "$as_me:9525: LIBPTHREAD=$LIBPTHREAD" >&5 + echo "$as_me:9652: gl_pthread_api=$gl_pthread_api" >&5 + echo "$as_me:9653: LIBPTHREAD=$LIBPTHREAD" >&5 gl_pthread_in_glibc=no # On Linux with glibc >= 2.34, libc contains the fully functional @@ -9540,7 +9668,7 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "Lucky user" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "Lucky user" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : gl_pthread_in_glibc=yes fi @@ -9548,7 +9676,7 @@ rm -rf conftest* ;; esac - echo "$as_me:9551: gl_pthread_in_glibc=$gl_pthread_in_glibc" >&5 + echo "$as_me:9679: gl_pthread_in_glibc=$gl_pthread_in_glibc" >&5 # Test for libpthread by looking for pthread_kill. (Not pthread_self, # since it is defined as a macro on OSF/1.) @@ -9560,16 +9688,22 @@ printf %s "checking for pthread_kill in -lpthread... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lpthread $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char pthread_kill (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char pthread_kill (void); int main (void) { @@ -9581,12 +9715,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill" >&6; } @@ -9619,16 +9755,22 @@ printf %s "checking for pthread_kill in -lpthread... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lpthread $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char pthread_kill (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char pthread_kill (void); int main (void) { @@ -9640,12 +9782,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_pthread_pthread_kill" >&6; } @@ -9663,16 +9807,22 @@ printf %s "checking for pthread_kill in -lc_r... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lc_r $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char pthread_kill (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char pthread_kill (void); int main (void) { @@ -9684,12 +9834,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_c_r_pthread_kill" >&6; } @@ -9702,7 +9854,7 @@ fi fi fi - echo "$as_me:9705: LIBPMULTITHREAD=$LIBPMULTITHREAD" >&5 + echo "$as_me:9857: LIBPMULTITHREAD=$LIBPMULTITHREAD" >&5 fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether POSIX threads API is available" >&5 printf %s "checking whether POSIX threads API is available... " >&6; } @@ -9731,22 +9883,28 @@ if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : LIB_SCHED_YIELD= -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for sched_yield in -lrt" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for sched_yield in -lrt" >&5 printf %s "checking for sched_yield in -lrt... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lrt $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char sched_yield (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char sched_yield (void); int main (void) { @@ -9758,34 +9916,42 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_rt_sched_yield" = xyes then : LIB_SCHED_YIELD=-lrt -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for sched_yield in -lposix4" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for sched_yield in -lposix4" >&5 printf %s "checking for sched_yield in -lposix4... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lposix4 $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char sched_yield (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char sched_yield (void); int main (void) { @@ -9797,12 +9963,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield" >&6; } @@ -9810,10 +9978,12 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_lib_posix4_sched_yield" = xyes then : LIB_SCHED_YIELD=-lposix4 fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext @@ -9838,16 +10008,22 @@ printf %s "checking for thrd_create in -lstdthreads... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_stdthreads_thrd_create+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lstdthreads $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char thrd_create (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char thrd_create (void); int main (void) { @@ -9859,12 +10035,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_stdthreads_thrd_create=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_stdthreads_thrd_create=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_stdthreads_thrd_create=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_stdthreads_thrd_create" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_stdthreads_thrd_create" >&6; } @@ -9873,10 +10051,11 @@ then : LIBSTDTHREAD='-lstdthreads -lpthread' -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) LIBSTDTHREAD="$LIBPMULTITHREAD" - + ;; +esac fi fi @@ -9956,8 +10135,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether pthread_rwlock_rdlock prefers a writer to a reader.. if test ${gl_cv_pthread_rwlock_rdlock_prefer_writer+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - save_LIBS="$LIBS" +else case e in #( + e) save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBMULTITHREAD" if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : @@ -9980,8 +10159,8 @@ then : *) gl_cv_pthread_rwlock_rdlock_prefer_writer="$gl_cross_guess_normal" ;; esac -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -10099,15 +10278,18 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_pthread_rwlock_rdlock_prefer_writer=yes -else $as_nop - gl_cv_pthread_rwlock_rdlock_prefer_writer=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_pthread_rwlock_rdlock_prefer_writer=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi LIBS="$save_LIBS" - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_pthread_rwlock_rdlock_prefer_writer" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_pthread_rwlock_rdlock_prefer_writer" >&6; } @@ -10158,8 +10340,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $CC options needed to detect all undeclared functions... if test ${ac_cv_c_undeclared_builtin_options+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS +else case e in #( + e) ac_save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS ac_cv_c_undeclared_builtin_options='cannot detect' for ac_arg in '' -fno-builtin; do CFLAGS="$ac_save_CFLAGS $ac_arg" @@ -10178,8 +10360,8 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : -else $as_nop - # This test program should compile successfully. +else case e in #( + e) # This test program should compile successfully. # No library function is consistently available on # freestanding implementations, so test against a dummy # declaration. Include always-available headers on the @@ -10207,26 +10389,29 @@ then : if test x"$ac_arg" = x then : ac_cv_c_undeclared_builtin_options='none needed' -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_undeclared_builtin_options=$ac_arg +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_undeclared_builtin_options=$ac_arg ;; +esac fi break fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext done CFLAGS=$ac_save_CFLAGS - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_undeclared_builtin_options" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_undeclared_builtin_options" >&6; } case $ac_cv_c_undeclared_builtin_options in #( 'cannot detect') : - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error $? "cannot make $CC report undeclared builtins -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } ;; #( +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } ;; #( 'none needed') : ac_c_undeclared_builtin_options='' ;; #( *) : @@ -10255,8 +10440,9 @@ esac if test ${with_gnu_ld+y} then : withval=$with_gnu_ld; test "$withval" = no || with_gnu_ld=yes -else $as_nop - with_gnu_ld=no +else case e in #( + e) with_gnu_ld=no ;; +esac fi # Prepare PATH_SEPARATOR. @@ -10292,8 +10478,8 @@ else if test ${acl_cv_path_LD+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) acl_cv_path_LD= # Final result of this test ac_prog=ld # Program to search in $PATH if test "$GCC" = yes; then @@ -10386,19 +10572,21 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : -else $as_nop - # The compiler produces 32-bit code. Add option '-m elf32_sparc' +else case e in #( + e) # The compiler produces 32-bit code. Add option '-m elf32_sparc' # so that the linker groks 32-bit object files. case "$acl_cv_path_LD " in *" -m elf32_sparc "*) ;; *) acl_cv_path_LD="$acl_cv_path_LD -m elf32_sparc" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi LD="$acl_cv_path_LD" @@ -10416,8 +10604,8 @@ printf %s "checking if the linker ($LD) is GNU ld... " >&6; } if test ${acl_cv_prog_gnu_ld+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - # I'd rather use --version here, but apparently some GNU lds only accept -v. +else case e in #( + e) # I'd rather use --version here, but apparently some GNU lds only accept -v. case `$LD -v 2>&1 &1 &5 @@ -10441,14 +10630,15 @@ printf %s "checking for shared library run path origin... " >&6; } if test ${acl_cv_rpath+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) CC="$CC" GCC="$GCC" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" LD="$LD" with_gnu_ld="$with_gnu_ld" \ ${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} "$ac_aux_dir/config.rpath" "$host" > conftest.sh . ./conftest.sh rm -f ./conftest.sh acl_cv_rpath=done - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $acl_cv_rpath" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$acl_cv_rpath" >&6; } @@ -10465,8 +10655,9 @@ printf "%s\n" "$acl_cv_rpath" >&6; } if test ${enable_rpath+y} then : enableval=$enable_rpath; : -else $as_nop - enable_rpath=yes +else case e in #( + e) enable_rpath=yes ;; +esac fi @@ -10477,8 +10668,8 @@ printf %s "checking 32-bit host C ABI... " >&6; } if test ${gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi"; then case "$gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi" in i386 | x86_64-x32 | arm | armhf | arm64-ilp32 | hppa | ia64-ilp32 | mips | mipsn32 | powerpc | riscv*-ilp32* | s390 | sparc) gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes ;; @@ -10542,8 +10733,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=no -else $as_nop - gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; @@ -10567,8 +10759,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=no -else $as_nop - gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; @@ -10588,8 +10781,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=no -else $as_nop - gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; @@ -10609,8 +10803,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes -else $as_nop - gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; @@ -10630,8 +10825,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=no -else $as_nop - gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; @@ -10655,8 +10851,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=no -else $as_nop - gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; @@ -10680,8 +10877,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=no -else $as_nop - gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; @@ -10701,8 +10899,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=no -else $as_nop - gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; @@ -10722,8 +10921,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=no -else $as_nop - gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; @@ -10733,7 +10933,8 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_host_cpu_c_abi_32bit" >&6; } @@ -10749,8 +10950,8 @@ printf %s "checking for ELF binary format... " >&6; } if test ${gl_cv_elf+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #if defined __ELF__ || (defined __linux__ && defined __EDG__) Extensible Linking Format @@ -10758,15 +10959,17 @@ else $as_nop _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "Extensible Linking Format" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "Extensible Linking Format" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : gl_cv_elf=yes -else $as_nop - gl_cv_elf=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_elf=no ;; +esac fi rm -rf conftest* - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_elf" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_elf" >&6; } @@ -10825,8 +11028,8 @@ printf %s "checking for the common suffixes of directories in the library search if test ${acl_cv_libdirstems+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - acl_libdirstem=lib +else case e in #( + e) acl_libdirstem=lib acl_libdirstem2= acl_libdirstem3= case "$host_os" in @@ -10887,7 +11090,8 @@ else $as_nop test -n "$acl_libdirstem2" || acl_libdirstem2="$acl_libdirstem" test -n "$acl_libdirstem3" || acl_libdirstem3="$acl_libdirstem" acl_cv_libdirstems="$acl_libdirstem,$acl_libdirstem2,$acl_libdirstem3" - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $acl_cv_libdirstems" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$acl_cv_libdirstems" >&6; } @@ -11426,8 +11630,8 @@ printf %s "checking for iconv... " >&6; } if test ${am_cv_func_iconv+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) am_cv_func_iconv="no, consider installing GNU libiconv" am_cv_lib_iconv=no cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext @@ -11480,7 +11684,8 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS="$am_save_LIBS" fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $am_cv_func_iconv" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$am_cv_func_iconv" >&6; } @@ -11490,8 +11695,8 @@ printf %s "checking for working iconv... " >&6; } if test ${am_cv_func_iconv_works+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) am_save_LIBS="$LIBS" if test $am_cv_lib_iconv = yes; then LIBS="$LIBS $LIBICONV" @@ -11504,8 +11709,8 @@ then : aix* | hpux*) am_cv_func_iconv_works="guessing no" ;; *) am_cv_func_iconv_works="guessing yes" ;; esac -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -11634,13 +11839,15 @@ then : am_cv_func_iconv_works=yes fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi test "$am_cv_func_iconv_works" = no || break done LIBS="$am_save_LIBS" - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $am_cv_func_iconv_works" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$am_cv_func_iconv_works" >&6; } @@ -11675,8 +11882,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether iconv is compatible with its POSIX signature... " >& if test ${gl_cv_iconv_nonconst+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -11698,11 +11905,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_iconv_nonconst=yes -else $as_nop - gl_cv_iconv_nonconst=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_iconv_nonconst=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_iconv_nonconst" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_iconv_nonconst" >&6; } @@ -11834,8 +12043,9 @@ fi if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_feof_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_FEOF_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "fgets_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_fgets_unlocked" "#include @@ -11843,8 +12053,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "fgets_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_fgets_unlocked" "#i if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_fgets_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_FGETS_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -11869,8 +12080,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_INTLBISON+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$INTLBISON"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$INTLBISON"; then ac_cv_prog_INTLBISON="$INTLBISON" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -11892,7 +12103,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi INTLBISON=$ac_cv_prog_INTLBISON if test -n "$INTLBISON"; then @@ -11944,8 +12156,8 @@ printf %s "checking for long long int... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_type_long_long_int+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_long_long_int=yes +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_type_long_long_int=yes case $ac_prog_cc_stdc in no | c89) ;; *) @@ -11954,12 +12166,12 @@ else $as_nop if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : : -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #ifndef LLONG_MAX - # define HALF \ + # define HALF \\ (1LL << (sizeof (long long int) * CHAR_BIT - 2)) # define LLONG_MAX (HALF - 1 + HALF) #endif @@ -11984,15 +12196,18 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_long_long_int=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_type_long_long_int=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi fi;; - esac + esac ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_type_long_long_int" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_type_long_long_int" >&6; } @@ -12008,8 +12223,8 @@ printf %s "checking for wchar_t... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_c_wchar_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include wchar_t foo = (wchar_t)'\0'; @@ -12024,10 +12239,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_c_wchar_t=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_c_wchar_t=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_c_wchar_t=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_c_wchar_t" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_c_wchar_t" >&6; } @@ -12043,8 +12260,8 @@ printf %s "checking for wint_t... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_c_wint_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include wint_t foo = (wchar_t)'\0'; @@ -12059,10 +12276,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_c_wint_t=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_c_wint_t=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_c_wint_t=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_c_wint_t" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_c_wint_t" >&6; } @@ -12076,8 +12295,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether wint_t is large enough... " >&6; } if test ${gl_cv_type_wint_t_large_enough+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include int verify[sizeof (wint_t) < sizeof (int) ? -1 : 1]; @@ -12093,10 +12312,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_type_wint_t_large_enough=yes -else $as_nop - gl_cv_type_wint_t_large_enough=no +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_type_wint_t_large_enough=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_type_wint_t_large_enough" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_type_wint_t_large_enough" >&6; } @@ -12118,8 +12339,8 @@ printf %s "checking for intmax_t... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_c_intmax_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -12143,10 +12364,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_c_intmax_t=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_c_intmax_t=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_c_intmax_t=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_c_intmax_t" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_c_intmax_t" >&6; } @@ -12163,8 +12386,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether printf() supports POSIX/XSI format strings... " >&6; if test ${gt_cv_func_printf_posix+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : @@ -12177,17 +12400,18 @@ then : _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "notposix" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "notposix" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : gt_cv_func_printf_posix="guessing no" -else $as_nop - gt_cv_func_printf_posix="guessing yes" +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_func_printf_posix="guessing yes" ;; +esac fi rm -rf conftest* -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -12205,14 +12429,17 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_func_printf_posix=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_func_printf_posix=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_func_printf_posix=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_func_printf_posix" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_func_printf_posix" >&6; } @@ -12237,8 +12464,8 @@ printf %s "checking for SIZE_MAX... " >&6; } if test ${gl_cv_size_max+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) gl_cv_size_max=no cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -12253,7 +12480,7 @@ Found it _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "Found it" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "Found it" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : gl_cv_size_max=yes fi @@ -12264,15 +12491,17 @@ rm -rf conftest* #include " then : -else $as_nop - size_t_bits_minus_1= +else case e in #( + e) size_t_bits_minus_1= ;; +esac fi if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "sizeof (size_t) <= sizeof (unsigned int)" "fits_in_uint" "#include " then : -else $as_nop - fits_in_uint= +else case e in #( + e) fits_in_uint= ;; +esac fi if test -n "$size_t_bits_minus_1" && test -n "$fits_in_uint"; then @@ -12306,7 +12535,8 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext gl_cv_size_max='((size_t)~(size_t)0)' fi fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_size_max" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_size_max" >&6; } @@ -12338,8 +12568,8 @@ printf %s "checking for working fcntl.h... " >&6; } if test ${gl_cv_header_working_fcntl_h+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : case "$host_os" in # Guess 'no' on native Windows. @@ -12347,8 +12577,8 @@ then : *) gl_cv_header_working_fcntl_h=cross-compiling ;; esac -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #include @@ -12447,19 +12677,22 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : gl_cv_header_working_fcntl_h=yes -else $as_nop - case $? in #( +else case e in #( + e) case $? in #( 4) gl_cv_header_working_fcntl_h='no (bad O_NOFOLLOW)';; #( 64) gl_cv_header_working_fcntl_h='no (bad O_NOATIME)';; #( 68) gl_cv_header_working_fcntl_h='no (bad O_NOATIME, O_NOFOLLOW)';; #( *) gl_cv_header_working_fcntl_h='no';; - esac + esac ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_header_working_fcntl_h" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_header_working_fcntl_h" >&6; } @@ -12512,8 +12745,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether uselocale works... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_func_uselocale_works+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : # Guess no on AIX and z/OS, yes otherwise. case "$host_os" in @@ -12521,8 +12754,8 @@ then : *) gt_cv_func_uselocale_works="guessing yes" ;; esac -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -12540,14 +12773,17 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_func_uselocale_works=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_func_uselocale_works=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_func_uselocale_works=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_func_uselocale_works" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_func_uselocale_works" >&6; } @@ -12575,16 +12811,16 @@ printf %s "checking for fake locale system (OpenBSD)... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_locale_fake+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : case "$host_os" in openbsd*) gt_cv_locale_fake="guessing yes" ;; *) gt_cv_locale_fake="guessing no" ;; esac -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -12604,14 +12840,17 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_locale_fake=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_locale_fake=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_locale_fake=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_locale_fake" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_locale_fake" >&6; } @@ -12637,8 +12876,8 @@ printf %s "checking for Solaris 11.4 locale system... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_locale_solaris114+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - case "$host_os" in +else case e in #( + e) case "$host_os" in solaris*) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -12658,14 +12897,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_locale_solaris114=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_locale_solaris114=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_locale_solaris114=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; *) gt_cv_locale_solaris114=no ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_locale_solaris114" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_locale_solaris114" >&6; } @@ -12725,8 +12966,8 @@ printf %s "checking for CFPreferencesCopyAppValue... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS" +else case e in #( + e) gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -12742,12 +12983,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext - LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS" + LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS" ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue" >&6; } @@ -12761,8 +13004,8 @@ printf %s "checking for CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS" +else case e in #( + e) gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -12778,12 +13021,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext - LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS" + LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS" ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages" >&6; } @@ -12810,8 +13055,8 @@ printf %s "checking for flexible array member... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_c_flexmember+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #include @@ -12837,10 +13082,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_c_flexmember=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_flexmember=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_flexmember=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_flexmember" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_flexmember" >&6; } @@ -12871,8 +13118,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_AR+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$AR"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$AR"; then ac_cv_prog_AR="$AR" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -12894,7 +13141,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi AR=$ac_cv_prog_AR if test -n "$AR"; then @@ -12916,8 +13164,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_AR+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$ac_ct_AR"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$ac_ct_AR"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_AR="$ac_ct_AR" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -12939,7 +13187,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi ac_ct_AR=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_AR if test -n "$ac_ct_AR"; then @@ -12983,11 +13232,12 @@ fi if test "x$ac_cv_type_ptrdiff_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define ptrdiff_t long" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "features.h" "ac_cv_header_features_h" "$ac_includes_default" @@ -13094,8 +13344,9 @@ fi if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl__snprintf" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL__SNPRINTF $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "_snwprintf" "ac_cv_have_decl__snwprintf" "#include @@ -13103,8 +13354,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "_snwprintf" "ac_cv_have_decl__snwprintf" "#include < if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl__snwprintf" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL__SNWPRINTF $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -13114,8 +13366,9 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL__SNWPRINTF $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_getc_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_GETC_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -13156,8 +13409,8 @@ printf %s "checking for nl_langinfo and CODESET... " >&6; } if test ${am_cv_langinfo_codeset+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include int @@ -13171,12 +13424,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : am_cv_langinfo_codeset=yes -else $as_nop - am_cv_langinfo_codeset=no +else case e in #( + e) am_cv_langinfo_codeset=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $am_cv_langinfo_codeset" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$am_cv_langinfo_codeset" >&6; } @@ -13192,8 +13447,8 @@ printf %s "checking for LC_MESSAGES... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include int @@ -13207,11 +13462,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES" >&6; } @@ -13255,8 +13512,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_WINDRES+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$WINDRES"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$WINDRES"; then ac_cv_prog_WINDRES="$WINDRES" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -13278,7 +13535,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi WINDRES=$ac_cv_prog_WINDRES if test -n "$WINDRES"; then @@ -13300,8 +13558,8 @@ printf %s "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_WINDRES+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -n "$ac_ct_WINDRES"; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -n "$ac_ct_WINDRES"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_WINDRES="$ac_ct_WINDRES" # Let the user override the test. else as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -13323,7 +13581,8 @@ done done IFS=$as_save_IFS -fi +fi ;; +esac fi ac_ct_WINDRES=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_WINDRES if test -n "$ac_ct_WINDRES"; then @@ -13380,8 +13639,8 @@ printf %s "checking for CFPreferencesCopyAppValue... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS" +else case e in #( + e) gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -13397,12 +13656,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext - LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS" + LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS" ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue" >&6; } @@ -13416,8 +13677,8 @@ printf %s "checking for CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages... " >&6; } if test ${gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS" +else case e in #( + e) gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -13433,12 +13694,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages=yes -else $as_nop - gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages=no +else case e in #( + e) gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext - LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS" + LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS" ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages" >&6; } @@ -13483,8 +13746,9 @@ printf %s "checking whether included gettext is requested... " >&6; } if test ${with_included_gettext+y} then : withval=$with_included_gettext; nls_cv_force_use_gnu_gettext=$withval -else $as_nop - nls_cv_force_use_gnu_gettext=no +else case e in #( + e) nls_cv_force_use_gnu_gettext=no ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $nls_cv_force_use_gnu_gettext" >&5 @@ -13515,8 +13779,8 @@ printf %s "checking for GNU gettext in libc... " >&6; } if eval test \${$gt_func_gnugettext_libc+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -13543,11 +13807,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : eval "$gt_func_gnugettext_libc=yes" -else $as_nop - eval "$gt_func_gnugettext_libc=no" +else case e in #( + e) eval "$gt_func_gnugettext_libc=no" ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi eval ac_res=\$$gt_func_gnugettext_libc { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5 @@ -14051,8 +14317,8 @@ printf %s "checking for GNU gettext in libintl... " >&6; } if eval test \${$gt_func_gnugettext_libintl+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - gt_save_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS" +else case e in #( + e) gt_save_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS" CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $INCINTL" gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBINTL" @@ -14087,8 +14353,9 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : eval "$gt_func_gnugettext_libintl=yes" -else $as_nop - eval "$gt_func_gnugettext_libintl=no" +else case e in #( + e) eval "$gt_func_gnugettext_libintl=no" ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext @@ -14133,7 +14400,8 @@ rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext fi CPPFLAGS="$gt_save_CPPFLAGS" - LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS" + LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS" ;; +esac fi eval ac_res=\$$gt_func_gnugettext_libintl { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5 @@ -14274,14 +14542,14 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DCGETTEXT 1" >>confdefs.h ac_header_dirent=no for ac_hdr in dirent.h sys/ndir.h sys/dir.h ndir.h; do - as_ac_Header=`printf "%s\n" "ac_cv_header_dirent_$ac_hdr" | $as_tr_sh` + as_ac_Header=`printf "%s\n" "ac_cv_header_dirent_$ac_hdr" | sed "$as_sed_sh"` { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $ac_hdr that defines DIR" >&5 printf %s "checking for $ac_hdr that defines DIR... " >&6; } if eval test \${$as_ac_Header+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #include <$ac_hdr> @@ -14298,10 +14566,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : eval "$as_ac_Header=yes" -else $as_nop - eval "$as_ac_Header=no" +else case e in #( + e) eval "$as_ac_Header=no" ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi eval ac_res=\$$as_ac_Header { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5 @@ -14309,7 +14579,7 @@ printf "%s\n" "$ac_res" >&6; } if eval test \"x\$"$as_ac_Header"\" = x"yes" then : cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF -#define `printf "%s\n" "HAVE_$ac_hdr" | $as_tr_cpp` 1 +#define `printf "%s\n" "HAVE_$ac_hdr" | sed "$as_sed_cpp"` 1 _ACEOF ac_header_dirent=$ac_hdr; break @@ -14323,15 +14593,21 @@ printf %s "checking for library containing opendir... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_search_opendir+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_func_search_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_func_search_save_LIBS=$LIBS cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char opendir (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char opendir (void); int main (void) { @@ -14362,11 +14638,13 @@ done if test ${ac_cv_search_opendir+y} then : -else $as_nop - ac_cv_search_opendir=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_search_opendir=no ;; +esac fi rm conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_func_search_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_func_search_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_search_opendir" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_search_opendir" >&6; } @@ -14383,15 +14661,21 @@ printf %s "checking for library containing opendir... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_search_opendir+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_func_search_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_func_search_save_LIBS=$LIBS cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char opendir (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char opendir (void); int main (void) { @@ -14422,11 +14706,13 @@ done if test ${ac_cv_search_opendir+y} then : -else $as_nop - ac_cv_search_opendir=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_search_opendir=no ;; +esac fi rm conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_func_search_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_func_search_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_search_opendir" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_search_opendir" >&6; } @@ -14728,8 +15014,8 @@ printf %s "checking for working alloca.h... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_working_alloca_h+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include int @@ -14744,11 +15030,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_working_alloca_h=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_working_alloca_h=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_working_alloca_h=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_working_alloca_h" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_working_alloca_h" >&6; } @@ -14763,10 +15051,10 @@ printf %s "checking for alloca... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_func_alloca_works+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test $ac_cv_working_alloca_h = yes; then - ac_cv_func_alloca_works=yes -else +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_func_alloca_works=$ac_cv_working_alloca_h +if test "$ac_cv_func_alloca_works" != yes +then : cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -14797,15 +15085,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_func_alloca_works=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_func_alloca_works=no fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext +fi ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_func_alloca_works" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_func_alloca_works" >&6; } -fi if test $ac_cv_func_alloca_works = yes; then @@ -14827,12 +15114,12 @@ printf %s "checking stack direction for C alloca... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_c_stack_direction+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : ac_cv_c_stack_direction=0 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $ac_includes_default int @@ -14855,13 +15142,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_c_stack_direction=1 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_c_stack_direction=-1 +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_c_stack_direction=-1 ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_stack_direction" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_c_stack_direction" >&6; } @@ -14870,36 +15160,26 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define STACK_DIRECTION $ac_cv_c_stack_direction" >>confdefs.h fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for uid_t in sys/types.h" >&5 -printf %s "checking for uid_t in sys/types.h... " >&6; } -if test ${ac_cv_type_uid_t+y} +ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "uid_t" "ac_cv_type_uid_t" "$ac_includes_default" +if test "x$ac_cv_type_uid_t" = xyes then : - printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#include - -_ACEOF -if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "uid_t" >/dev/null 2>&1 -then : - ac_cv_type_uid_t=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_uid_t=no -fi -rm -rf conftest* - -fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_type_uid_t" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_type_uid_t" >&6; } -if test $ac_cv_type_uid_t = no; then +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define uid_t int" >>confdefs.h + ;; +esac +fi +ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "gid_t" "ac_cv_type_gid_t" "$ac_includes_default" +if test "x$ac_cv_type_gid_t" = xyes +then : +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define gid_t int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for working chown" >&5 @@ -14907,8 +15187,8 @@ printf %s "checking for working chown... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_func_chown_works+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : case "$host_os" in # (( # Guess yes on glibc systems. @@ -14916,8 +15196,8 @@ then : # If we don't know, assume the worst. *) ac_cv_func_chown_works=no ;; esac -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $ac_includes_default #include @@ -14945,15 +15225,18 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_func_chown_works=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_func_chown_works=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_func_chown_works=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi rm -f conftest.chown - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_func_chown_works" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_func_chown_works" >&6; } @@ -14968,8 +15251,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether getpgrp requires zero arguments... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - # Use it with a single arg. +else case e in #( + e) # Use it with a single arg. cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $ac_includes_default @@ -14984,11 +15267,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=no -else $as_nop - ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=yes +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void" >&6; } @@ -15016,8 +15301,8 @@ printf %s "checking for working strcoll... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_func_strcoll_works+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : case "$host_os" in # (( # Guess yes on glibc systems. @@ -15025,8 +15310,8 @@ then : # If we don't know, assume the worst. *) ac_cv_func_strcoll_works=no ;; esac -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $ac_includes_default int @@ -15042,13 +15327,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_func_strcoll_works=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_func_strcoll_works=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_func_strcoll_works=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_func_strcoll_works" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_func_strcoll_works" >&6; } @@ -15079,7 +15367,7 @@ printf %s "checking for declaration of vprintf in stdio.h... " >&6; } _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "[int[ ]*vprintf[^a-zA-Z0-9]]" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "[int[ ]*vprintf[^a-zA-Z0-9]]" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : ac_cv_func_vprintf=yes fi @@ -15122,9 +15410,10 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_mkfifo" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_MKFIFO 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - printf "%s\n" "#define MKFIFO_MISSING 1" >>confdefs.h - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define MKFIFO_MISSING 1" >>confdefs.h + ;; +esac fi @@ -15290,13 +15579,14 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_rename" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_RENAME 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" rename.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS rename.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi @@ -15616,26 +15906,28 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_getcwd" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_GETCWD 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" getcwd.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS getcwd.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "memset" "ac_cv_func_memset" if test "x$ac_cv_func_memset" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_MEMSET 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" memset.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS memset.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strcasecmp" "ac_cv_func_strcasecmp" @@ -15643,91 +15935,98 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_strcasecmp" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRCASECMP 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strcasecmp.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strcasecmp.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strcasestr" "ac_cv_func_strcasestr" if test "x$ac_cv_func_strcasestr" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRCASESTR 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strcasestr.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strcasestr.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strerror" "ac_cv_func_strerror" if test "x$ac_cv_func_strerror" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRERROR 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strerror.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strerror.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strftime" "ac_cv_func_strftime" if test "x$ac_cv_func_strftime" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRFTIME 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strftime.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strftime.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strnlen" "ac_cv_func_strnlen" if test "x$ac_cv_func_strnlen" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRNLEN 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strnlen.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strnlen.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strpbrk" "ac_cv_func_strpbrk" if test "x$ac_cv_func_strpbrk" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRPBRK 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strpbrk.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strpbrk.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strstr" "ac_cv_func_strstr" if test "x$ac_cv_func_strstr" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRSTR 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strstr.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strstr.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strtod" "ac_cv_func_strtod" @@ -15735,78 +16034,84 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_strtod" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRTOD 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strtod.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strtod.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strtol" "ac_cv_func_strtol" if test "x$ac_cv_func_strtol" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRTOL 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strtol.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strtol.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strtoul" "ac_cv_func_strtoul" if test "x$ac_cv_func_strtoul" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRTOUL 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strtoul.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strtoul.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strtoll" "ac_cv_func_strtoll" if test "x$ac_cv_func_strtoll" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRTOLL 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strtoll.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strtoll.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strtoull" "ac_cv_func_strtoull" if test "x$ac_cv_func_strtoull" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRTOULL 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strtoull.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strtoull.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strtoumax" "ac_cv_func_strtoumax" if test "x$ac_cv_func_strtoumax" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRTOUMAX 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strtoumax.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strtoumax.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "dprintf" "ac_cv_func_dprintf" @@ -15814,13 +16119,14 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_dprintf" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DPRINTF 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" dprintf.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS dprintf.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strchrnul" "ac_cv_func_strchrnul" @@ -15828,13 +16134,14 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_strchrnul" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRCHRNUL 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strchrnul.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strchrnul.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strdup" "ac_cv_func_strdup" @@ -15842,13 +16149,14 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_strdup" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRDUP 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strdup.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strdup.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strlcpy" "ac_cv_func_strlcpy" @@ -15856,13 +16164,14 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_strlcpy" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRLCPY 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" strlcpy.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strlcpy.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "reallocarray" "ac_cv_func_reallocarray" @@ -15870,13 +16179,14 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_reallocarray" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_REALLOCARRAY 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" reallocarray.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS reallocarray.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi @@ -15892,8 +16202,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "AUDIT_USER_TTY" "ac_cv_have_decl_AUDIT_USER_TTY" "#i if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_AUDIT_USER_TTY" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_AUDIT_USER_TTY $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -15902,8 +16213,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "confstr" "ac_cv_have_decl_confstr" "$ac_includes_def if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_confstr" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_CONFSTR $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -15911,8 +16223,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "printf" "ac_cv_have_decl_printf" "$ac_includes_defau if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_printf" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_PRINTF $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -15920,8 +16233,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "brk" "ac_cv_have_decl_brk" "$ac_includes_default" "$ if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_brk" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_BRK $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -15929,8 +16243,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "sbrk" "ac_cv_have_decl_sbrk" "$ac_includes_default" if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_sbrk" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_SBRK $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -15938,8 +16253,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "setregid" "ac_cv_have_decl_setregid" "$ac_includes_d if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_setregid" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_SETREGID $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -15947,8 +16263,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "strcpy" "ac_cv_have_decl_strcpy" "$ac_includes_defau if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_strcpy" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_STRCPY $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -15956,8 +16273,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "strsignal" "ac_cv_have_decl_strsignal" "$ac_includes if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_strsignal" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_STRSIGNAL $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -15980,8 +16298,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "strtold" "ac_cv_have_decl_strtold" "$ac_includes_def if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_strtold" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_STRTOLD $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h if test $ac_have_decl = 1 @@ -15992,8 +16311,8 @@ printf %s "checking for broken strtold... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_strtold_broken+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include int @@ -16008,12 +16327,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_strtold_broken=no -else $as_nop - bash_cv_strtold_broken=yes +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_strtold_broken=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_strtold_broken" >&5 @@ -16030,8 +16351,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "strtol" "ac_cv_have_decl_strtol" "$ac_includes_defau if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_strtol" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_STRTOL $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -16039,8 +16361,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "strtoll" "ac_cv_have_decl_strtoll" "$ac_includes_def if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_strtoll" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_STRTOLL $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -16048,8 +16371,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "strtoul" "ac_cv_have_decl_strtoul" "$ac_includes_def if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_strtoul" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_STRTOUL $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -16057,8 +16381,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "strtoull" "ac_cv_have_decl_strtoull" "$ac_includes_d if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_strtoull" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_STRTOULL $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -16066,8 +16391,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "strtoumax" "ac_cv_have_decl_strtoumax" "$ac_includes if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_strtoumax" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_STRTOUMAX $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -16081,12 +16407,12 @@ printf %s "checking for working mktime... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_func_working_mktime+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : ac_cv_func_working_mktime=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Test program from Paul Eggert and Tony Leneis. */ #include @@ -16121,7 +16447,7 @@ static const char *tz_strings[] = { /* Return 0 if mktime fails to convert a date in the spring-forward gap. Based on a problem report from Andreas Jaeger. */ static int -spring_forward_gap () +spring_forward_gap (void) { /* glibc (up to about 1998-10-07) failed this test. */ struct tm tm; @@ -16158,7 +16484,7 @@ mktime_test (time_t now) } static int -irix_6_4_bug () +irix_6_4_bug (void) { /* Based on code from Ariel Faigon. */ struct tm tm; @@ -16200,7 +16526,7 @@ bigtime_test (int j) } static int -year_2050_test () +year_2050_test (void) { /* The correct answer for 2050-02-01 00:00:00 in Pacific time, ignoring leap seconds. */ @@ -16277,13 +16603,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_func_working_mktime=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_func_working_mktime=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_func_working_mktime=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_func_working_mktime" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_func_working_mktime" >&6; } @@ -16339,8 +16668,8 @@ printf %s "checking for working mmap... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : case "$host_os" in # (( # Guess yes on platforms where we know the result. @@ -16348,8 +16677,8 @@ then : # If we don't know, assume the worst. *) ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped=no ;; esac -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $ac_includes_default /* malloc might have been renamed as rpl_malloc. */ @@ -16376,6 +16705,8 @@ $ac_includes_default #include #ifndef getpagesize +/* Prefer sysconf to the legacy getpagesize function, as getpagesize has + been removed from POSIX and is limited to page sizes that fit in 'int'. */ # ifdef _SC_PAGESIZE # define getpagesize() sysconf (_SC_PAGESIZE) # elif defined _SC_PAGE_SIZE @@ -16448,8 +16779,7 @@ main (void) if (*(data2 + i)) return 7; close (fd2); - if (munmap (data2, pagesize)) - return 8; + /* 'return 8;' not currently used. */ /* Next, try to mmap the file at a fixed address which already has something else allocated at it. If we can, also make sure that @@ -16486,13 +16816,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_func_mmap_fixed_mapped" >&6; } @@ -16658,13 +16991,14 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_mbschr" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_MBSCHR 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" mbschr.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS mbschr.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi @@ -16716,13 +17050,14 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_wcswidth" = xyes then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_WCSWIDTH 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - case " $LIBOBJS " in +else case e in #( + e) case " $LIBOBJS " in *" wcswidth.$ac_objext "* ) ;; *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS wcswidth.$ac_objext" ;; esac - + ;; +esac fi @@ -16732,8 +17067,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether mbrtowc and mbstate_t are properly declared... " >&6 if test ${ac_cv_func_mbrtowc+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include int @@ -16751,11 +17086,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_func_mbrtowc=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_func_mbrtowc=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_func_mbrtowc=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_func_mbrtowc" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_func_mbrtowc" >&6; } @@ -16809,8 +17146,8 @@ printf %s "checking for wchar_t in wchar.h... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_type_wchar_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -16828,11 +17165,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_type_wchar_t=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_type_wchar_t=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_type_wchar_t=no + ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_type_wchar_t" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_type_wchar_t" >&6; } @@ -16847,8 +17186,8 @@ printf %s "checking for wctype_t in wctype.h... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_type_wctype_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -16866,11 +17205,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_type_wctype_t=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_type_wctype_t=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_type_wctype_t=no + ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_type_wctype_t" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_type_wctype_t" >&6; } @@ -16885,8 +17226,8 @@ printf %s "checking for wint_t in wctype.h... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_type_wint_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -16904,11 +17245,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_type_wint_t=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_type_wint_t=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_type_wint_t=no + ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_type_wint_t" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_type_wint_t" >&6; } @@ -16923,13 +17266,13 @@ printf %s "checking for wcwidth broken with unicode combining characters... " >& if test ${bash_cv_wcwidth_broken+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : bash_cv_wcwidth_broken=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -16956,13 +17299,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_wcwidth_broken=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_wcwidth_broken=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_wcwidth_broken=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_wcwidth_broken" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_wcwidth_broken" >&6; } @@ -16987,28 +17333,30 @@ fi # The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler # version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects -# declarations like `int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. +# declarations like 'int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. # This bug is HP SR number 8606223364. { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking size of wchar_t" >&5 printf %s "checking size of wchar_t... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sizeof_wchar_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (wchar_t))" "ac_cv_sizeof_wchar_t" "$ac_includes_default" +else case e in #( + e) if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (wchar_t))" "ac_cv_sizeof_wchar_t" "$ac_includes_default" then : -else $as_nop - if test "$ac_cv_type_wchar_t" = yes; then - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +else case e in #( + e) if test "$ac_cv_type_wchar_t" = yes; then + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "cannot compute sizeof (wchar_t) -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } else ac_cv_sizeof_wchar_t=0 - fi + fi ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_wchar_t" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sizeof_wchar_t" >&6; } @@ -17027,16 +17375,22 @@ printf %s "checking for dlopen in -ldl... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-ldl $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char dlopen (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char dlopen (void); int main (void) { @@ -17048,12 +17402,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen" >&6; } @@ -17093,8 +17449,8 @@ printf %s "checking for inet_aton... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_func_inet_aton+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -17112,11 +17468,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_func_inet_aton=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_func_inet_aton=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_func_inet_aton=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_func_inet_aton" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_func_inet_aton" >&6; } @@ -17140,16 +17498,22 @@ printf %s "checking for getpwent in -lsun... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_sun_getpwent+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lsun $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char getpwent (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char getpwent (void); int main (void) { @@ -17161,12 +17525,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_sun_getpwent=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_sun_getpwent=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_sun_getpwent=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_sun_getpwent" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_sun_getpwent" >&6; } @@ -17192,22 +17558,28 @@ fi if test ${bash_cv_have_socklib+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for getpeername in -lsocket" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for getpeername in -lsocket" >&5 printf %s "checking for getpeername in -lsocket... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_socket_getpeername+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lsocket -lnsl $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char getpeername (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char getpeername (void); int main (void) { @@ -17219,22 +17591,26 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_socket_getpeername=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_socket_getpeername=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_socket_getpeername=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_socket_getpeername" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_socket_getpeername" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_socket_getpeername" = xyes then : bash_cv_have_socklib=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_have_socklib=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_have_socklib=no ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi if test "X$_bash_needmsg" = Xyes; then @@ -17254,22 +17630,28 @@ printf %s "checking for libnsl... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_have_libnsl+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for t_open in -lnsl" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for t_open in -lnsl" >&5 printf %s "checking for t_open in -lnsl... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_nsl_t_open+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lnsl $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char t_open (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char t_open (void); int main (void) { @@ -17281,22 +17663,26 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_nsl_t_open=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_nsl_t_open=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_nsl_t_open=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_nsl_t_open" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_nsl_t_open" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_nsl_t_open" = xyes then : bash_cv_have_libnsl=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_have_libnsl=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_have_libnsl=no ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi if test "X$_bash_needmsg" = Xyes; then @@ -17327,8 +17713,8 @@ fi if test ${bash_cv_have_gethostbyname+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -17347,12 +17733,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_have_gethostbyname=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_have_gethostbyname=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_have_gethostbyname=no + ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi if test "X$_bash_needmsg" = Xyes; then @@ -17373,67 +17761,118 @@ printf %s "checking type of array argument to getgroups... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_type_getgroups+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) # If AC_TYPE_UID_T says there isn't any gid_t typedef, then we can skip +# everything below. +if test $ac_cv_type_gid_t = no then : - ac_cv_type_getgroups=cross -else $as_nop + ac_cv_type_getgroups=int +else case e in #( + e) # Test programs below rely on strict type checking of extern declarations: + # 'extern int getgroups(int, int *); extern int getgroups(int, pid_t *);' + # is valid in C89 if and only if pid_t is a typedef for int. Unlike + # anything involving either an assignment or a function call, compilers + # tend to make this kind of type mismatch a hard error, not just an + # "incompatible pointer types" warning. cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ -/* Thanks to Mike Rendell for this test. */ $ac_includes_default -#define NGID 256 -#undef MAX -#define MAX(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y)) - +extern int getgroups(int, gid_t *); int main (void) { - gid_t gidset[NGID]; - int i, n; - union { gid_t gval; long int lval; } val; - - val.lval = -1; - for (i = 0; i < NGID; i++) - gidset[i] = val.gval; - n = getgroups (sizeof (gidset) / MAX (sizeof (int), sizeof (gid_t)) - 1, - gidset); - /* Exit non-zero if getgroups seems to require an array of ints. This - happens when gid_t is short int but getgroups modifies an array - of ints. */ - return n > 0 && gidset[n] != val.gval; +return !(getgroups(0, 0) >= 0); + ; + return 0; } _ACEOF -if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" +if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : - ac_cv_type_getgroups=gid_t -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_getgroups=int + ac_getgroups_gidarray=yes +else case e in #( + e) ac_getgroups_gidarray=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext -fi - -if test $ac_cv_type_getgroups = cross; then - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ -#include - +$ac_includes_default +extern int getgroups(int, int *); +int +main (void) +{ +return !(getgroups(0, 0) >= 0); + ; + return 0; +} _ACEOF -if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "getgroups.*int.*gid_t" >/dev/null 2>&1 +if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : - ac_cv_type_getgroups=gid_t -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_getgroups=int + ac_getgroups_intarray=yes +else case e in #( + e) ac_getgroups_intarray=no ;; +esac fi -rm -rf conftest* +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + case int:$ac_getgroups_intarray,gid:$ac_getgroups_gidarray in #( + int:yes,gid:no) : + ac_cv_type_getgroups=int ;; #( + int:no,gid:yes) : + ac_cv_type_getgroups=gid_t ;; #( + int:yes,gid:yes) : + + # Both programs compiled - this means *either* that getgroups + # was declared with no prototype, in which case we should use int, + # or that it was declared prototyped but gid_t is a typedef for int, + # in which case we should use gid_t. Distinguish the two cases + # by testing if the compiler catches a blatantly incorrect function + # signature for getgroups. + cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +/* end confdefs.h. */ +$ac_includes_default +extern int getgroups(int, float); +int +main (void) +{ +return !(getgroups(0, 0) >= 0); + ; + return 0; +} +_ACEOF +if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" +then : + + # Compiler did not catch incorrect argument list; + # getgroups is unprototyped. + ac_cv_type_getgroups=int + +else case e in #( + e) + # Compiler caught incorrect argument list; + # gid_t is a typedef for int. + ac_cv_type_getgroups=gid_t + ;; +esac fi +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + ;; #( + *) : + + # Both programs failed to compile - this probably means getgroups + # wasn't declared at all. Use 'int', as this is probably a very + # old system where the type _would have been_ int. + ac_cv_type_getgroups=int + ;; +esac + ;; +esac +fi + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_type_getgroups" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_type_getgroups" >&6; } - printf "%s\n" "#define GETGROUPS_T $ac_cv_type_getgroups" >>confdefs.h @@ -17441,52 +17880,44 @@ ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "off_t" "ac_cv_type_off_t" "$ac_includes_default" if test "x$ac_cv_type_off_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define off_t long int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "mode_t" "ac_cv_type_mode_t" "$ac_includes_default" if test "x$ac_cv_type_mode_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define mode_t int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for uid_t in sys/types.h" >&5 -printf %s "checking for uid_t in sys/types.h... " >&6; } -if test ${ac_cv_type_uid_t+y} +ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "uid_t" "ac_cv_type_uid_t" "$ac_includes_default" +if test "x$ac_cv_type_uid_t" = xyes then : - printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext -/* end confdefs.h. */ -#include - -_ACEOF -if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "uid_t" >/dev/null 2>&1 -then : - ac_cv_type_uid_t=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_uid_t=no -fi -rm -rf conftest* - -fi -{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_type_uid_t" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_type_uid_t" >&6; } -if test $ac_cv_type_uid_t = no; then +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define uid_t int" >>confdefs.h + ;; +esac +fi +ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "gid_t" "ac_cv_type_gid_t" "$ac_includes_default" +if test "x$ac_cv_type_gid_t" = xyes +then : +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define gid_t int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi @@ -17495,8 +17926,8 @@ fi if test "x$ac_cv_type_pid_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #if defined _WIN64 && !defined __CYGWIN__ @@ -17515,14 +17946,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_pid_type='int' -else $as_nop - ac_pid_type='__int64' +else case e in #( + e) ac_pid_type='__int64' ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext printf "%s\n" "#define pid_t $ac_pid_type" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi @@ -17530,10 +17963,11 @@ ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "size_t" "ac_cv_type_size_t" "$ac_includes_default" if test "x$ac_cv_type_size_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define size_t unsigned int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi @@ -17543,8 +17977,8 @@ then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_INTPTR_T 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - for ac_type in 'int' 'long int' 'long long int'; do +else case e in #( + e) for ac_type in 'int' 'long int' 'long long int'; do cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ $ac_includes_default @@ -17568,7 +18002,8 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define intptr_t $ac_type" >>confdefs.h fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext test -z "$ac_type" && break - done + done ;; +esac fi @@ -17579,8 +18014,8 @@ then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_UINTPTR_T 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - for ac_type in 'unsigned int' 'unsigned long int' \ +else case e in #( + e) for ac_type in 'unsigned int' 'unsigned long int' \ 'unsigned long long int'; do cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -17605,7 +18040,8 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define uintptr_t $ac_type" >>confdefs.h fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext test -z "$ac_type" && break - done + done ;; +esac fi @@ -17614,20 +18050,22 @@ ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "ssize_t" "ac_cv_type_ssize_t" "$ac_includes_defaul if test "x$ac_cv_type_ssize_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define ssize_t int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "time_t" "ac_cv_type_time_t" "$ac_includes_default" if test "x$ac_cv_type_time_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define time_t long" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi @@ -17638,8 +18076,8 @@ printf %s "checking for long long int... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_type_long_long_int+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_long_long_int=yes +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_type_long_long_int=yes case $ac_prog_cc_stdc in no | c89) ;; *) @@ -17648,12 +18086,12 @@ else $as_nop if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : : -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #ifndef LLONG_MAX - # define HALF \ + # define HALF \\ (1LL << (sizeof (long long int) * CHAR_BIT - 2)) # define LLONG_MAX (HALF - 1 + HALF) #endif @@ -17678,15 +18116,18 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_long_long_int=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_type_long_long_int=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi fi;; - esac + esac ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_type_long_long_int" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_type_long_long_int" >&6; } @@ -17702,8 +18143,8 @@ printf %s "checking for unsigned long long int... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int=yes +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int=yes case $ac_prog_cc_stdc in no | c89) ;; *) @@ -17742,12 +18183,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : -else $as_nop - ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext;; - esac + esac ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int" >&6; } @@ -17763,8 +18206,8 @@ printf %s "checking for sig_atomic_t in signal.h... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include int @@ -17778,11 +18221,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t" >&6; } @@ -17795,8 +18240,8 @@ printf %s "checking for sig_atomic_t... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_type_sig_atomic_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #if HAVE_STDLIB_H @@ -17815,14 +18260,16 @@ else $as_nop _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "sig_atomic_t" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "sig_atomic_t" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : bash_cv_type_sig_atomic_t=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_type_sig_atomic_t=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_type_sig_atomic_t=no ;; +esac fi rm -rf conftest* - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_type_sig_atomic_t" >&5 @@ -17838,28 +18285,30 @@ fi # The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler # version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects -# declarations like `int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. +# declarations like 'int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. # This bug is HP SR number 8606223364. { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking size of char" >&5 printf %s "checking size of char... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sizeof_char+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (char))" "ac_cv_sizeof_char" "$ac_includes_default" +else case e in #( + e) if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (char))" "ac_cv_sizeof_char" "$ac_includes_default" then : -else $as_nop - if test "$ac_cv_type_char" = yes; then - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +else case e in #( + e) if test "$ac_cv_type_char" = yes; then + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "cannot compute sizeof (char) -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } else ac_cv_sizeof_char=0 - fi + fi ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_char" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sizeof_char" >&6; } @@ -17871,28 +18320,30 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define SIZEOF_CHAR $ac_cv_sizeof_char" >>confdefs.h # The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler # version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects -# declarations like `int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. +# declarations like 'int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. # This bug is HP SR number 8606223364. { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking size of short" >&5 printf %s "checking size of short... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sizeof_short+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (short))" "ac_cv_sizeof_short" "$ac_includes_default" +else case e in #( + e) if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (short))" "ac_cv_sizeof_short" "$ac_includes_default" then : -else $as_nop - if test "$ac_cv_type_short" = yes; then - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +else case e in #( + e) if test "$ac_cv_type_short" = yes; then + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "cannot compute sizeof (short) -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } else ac_cv_sizeof_short=0 - fi + fi ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_short" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sizeof_short" >&6; } @@ -17904,28 +18355,30 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define SIZEOF_SHORT $ac_cv_sizeof_short" >>confdefs.h # The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler # version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects -# declarations like `int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. +# declarations like 'int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. # This bug is HP SR number 8606223364. { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking size of int" >&5 printf %s "checking size of int... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sizeof_int+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (int))" "ac_cv_sizeof_int" "$ac_includes_default" +else case e in #( + e) if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (int))" "ac_cv_sizeof_int" "$ac_includes_default" then : -else $as_nop - if test "$ac_cv_type_int" = yes; then - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +else case e in #( + e) if test "$ac_cv_type_int" = yes; then + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "cannot compute sizeof (int) -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } else ac_cv_sizeof_int=0 - fi + fi ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_int" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sizeof_int" >&6; } @@ -17937,28 +18390,30 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define SIZEOF_INT $ac_cv_sizeof_int" >>confdefs.h # The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler # version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects -# declarations like `int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. +# declarations like 'int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. # This bug is HP SR number 8606223364. { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking size of long" >&5 printf %s "checking size of long... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sizeof_long+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (long))" "ac_cv_sizeof_long" "$ac_includes_default" +else case e in #( + e) if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (long))" "ac_cv_sizeof_long" "$ac_includes_default" then : -else $as_nop - if test "$ac_cv_type_long" = yes; then - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +else case e in #( + e) if test "$ac_cv_type_long" = yes; then + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "cannot compute sizeof (long) -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } else ac_cv_sizeof_long=0 - fi + fi ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_long" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sizeof_long" >&6; } @@ -17970,28 +18425,30 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define SIZEOF_LONG $ac_cv_sizeof_long" >>confdefs.h # The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler # version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects -# declarations like `int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. +# declarations like 'int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. # This bug is HP SR number 8606223364. { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking size of char *" >&5 printf %s "checking size of char *... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sizeof_char_p+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (char *))" "ac_cv_sizeof_char_p" "$ac_includes_default" +else case e in #( + e) if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (char *))" "ac_cv_sizeof_char_p" "$ac_includes_default" then : -else $as_nop - if test "$ac_cv_type_char_p" = yes; then - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +else case e in #( + e) if test "$ac_cv_type_char_p" = yes; then + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "cannot compute sizeof (char *) -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } else ac_cv_sizeof_char_p=0 - fi + fi ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_char_p" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sizeof_char_p" >&6; } @@ -18003,28 +18460,30 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define SIZEOF_CHAR_P $ac_cv_sizeof_char_p" >>confdefs.h # The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler # version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects -# declarations like `int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. +# declarations like 'int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. # This bug is HP SR number 8606223364. { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking size of size_t" >&5 printf %s "checking size of size_t... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sizeof_size_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (size_t))" "ac_cv_sizeof_size_t" "$ac_includes_default" +else case e in #( + e) if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (size_t))" "ac_cv_sizeof_size_t" "$ac_includes_default" then : -else $as_nop - if test "$ac_cv_type_size_t" = yes; then - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +else case e in #( + e) if test "$ac_cv_type_size_t" = yes; then + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "cannot compute sizeof (size_t) -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } else ac_cv_sizeof_size_t=0 - fi + fi ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_size_t" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sizeof_size_t" >&6; } @@ -18036,28 +18495,30 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define SIZEOF_SIZE_T $ac_cv_sizeof_size_t" >>confdefs.h # The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler # version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects -# declarations like `int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. +# declarations like 'int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. # This bug is HP SR number 8606223364. { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking size of double" >&5 printf %s "checking size of double... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sizeof_double+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (double))" "ac_cv_sizeof_double" "$ac_includes_default" +else case e in #( + e) if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (double))" "ac_cv_sizeof_double" "$ac_includes_default" then : -else $as_nop - if test "$ac_cv_type_double" = yes; then - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +else case e in #( + e) if test "$ac_cv_type_double" = yes; then + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "cannot compute sizeof (double) -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } else ac_cv_sizeof_double=0 - fi + fi ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_double" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sizeof_double" >&6; } @@ -18069,28 +18530,30 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define SIZEOF_DOUBLE $ac_cv_sizeof_double" >>confdefs.h # The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler # version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects -# declarations like `int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. +# declarations like 'int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. # This bug is HP SR number 8606223364. { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking size of long long" >&5 printf %s "checking size of long long... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sizeof_long_long+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (long long))" "ac_cv_sizeof_long_long" "$ac_includes_default" +else case e in #( + e) if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (long long))" "ac_cv_sizeof_long_long" "$ac_includes_default" then : -else $as_nop - if test "$ac_cv_type_long_long" = yes; then - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +else case e in #( + e) if test "$ac_cv_type_long_long" = yes; then + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "cannot compute sizeof (long long) -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } else ac_cv_sizeof_long_long=0 - fi + fi ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_long_long" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sizeof_long_long" >&6; } @@ -18105,20 +18568,22 @@ ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "u_int" "ac_cv_type_u_int" "$ac_includes_default" if test "x$ac_cv_type_u_int" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define u_int unsigned int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "u_long" "ac_cv_type_u_long" "$ac_includes_default" if test "x$ac_cv_type_u_long" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define u_long unsigned long" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi @@ -18128,10 +18593,11 @@ if test "$ac_cv_sizeof_short" = 2; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_bits16_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define bits16_t short" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_char" = 2; then @@ -18139,10 +18605,11 @@ elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_char" = 2; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_bits16_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define bits16_t char" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi else @@ -18150,10 +18617,11 @@ else if test "x$ac_cv_type_bits16_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define bits16_t short" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi fi @@ -18164,10 +18632,11 @@ if test "$ac_cv_sizeof_short" = 2; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_u_bits16_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define u_bits16_t unsigned short" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_char" = 2; then @@ -18175,10 +18644,11 @@ elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_char" = 2; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_u_bits16_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define u_bits16_t unsigned char" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi else @@ -18186,10 +18656,11 @@ else if test "x$ac_cv_type_u_bits16_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define u_bits16_t unsigned short" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi fi @@ -18200,10 +18671,11 @@ if test "$ac_cv_sizeof_int" = 4; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_bits32_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define bits32_t int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long" = 4; then @@ -18211,10 +18683,11 @@ elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long" = 4; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_bits32_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define bits32_t long" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi else @@ -18222,10 +18695,11 @@ else if test "x$ac_cv_type_bits32_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define bits32_t int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi fi @@ -18236,10 +18710,11 @@ if test "$ac_cv_sizeof_int" = 4; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_u_bits32_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define u_bits32_t unsigned int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long" = 4; then @@ -18247,10 +18722,11 @@ elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long" = 4; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_u_bits32_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define u_bits32_t unsigned long" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi else @@ -18258,10 +18734,11 @@ else if test "x$ac_cv_type_u_bits32_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define u_bits32_t unsigned int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi fi @@ -18272,10 +18749,11 @@ if test "$ac_cv_sizeof_char_p" = 8; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_bits64_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define bits64_t char *" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_double" = 8; then @@ -18283,10 +18761,11 @@ elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_double" = 8; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_bits64_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define bits64_t double" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi elif test -n "$ac_cv_type_long_long" && test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long_long" = 8; then @@ -18294,10 +18773,11 @@ elif test -n "$ac_cv_type_long_long" && test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long_long" = 8; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_bits64_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define bits64_t long long" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long" = 8; then @@ -18305,10 +18785,11 @@ elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long" = 8; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_bits64_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define bits64_t long" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi else @@ -18316,10 +18797,11 @@ else if test "x$ac_cv_type_bits64_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define bits64_t double" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi fi @@ -18331,10 +18813,11 @@ if test "$ac_cv_sizeof_int" = "$ac_cv_sizeof_char_p"; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_ptrdiff_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define ptrdiff_t int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long" = "$ac_cv_sizeof_char_p"; then @@ -18342,10 +18825,11 @@ elif test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long" = "$ac_cv_sizeof_char_p"; then if test "x$ac_cv_type_ptrdiff_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define ptrdiff_t long" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi elif test "$ac_cv_type_long_long" = yes && test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long_long" = "$ac_cv_sizeof_char_p"; then @@ -18353,10 +18837,11 @@ elif test "$ac_cv_type_long_long" = yes && test "$ac_cv_sizeof_long_long" = "$ac if test "x$ac_cv_type_ptrdiff_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define ptrdiff_t long long" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi else @@ -18364,10 +18849,11 @@ else if test "x$ac_cv_type_ptrdiff_t" = xyes then : -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) printf "%s\n" "#define ptrdiff_t int" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi fi @@ -18378,8 +18864,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether stat file-mode macros are broken... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_header_stat_broken+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #include @@ -18404,10 +18890,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_header_stat_broken=no -else $as_nop - ac_cv_header_stat_broken=yes +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_header_stat_broken=yes ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_header_stat_broken" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_header_stat_broken" >&6; } @@ -18423,8 +18911,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether #! works in shell scripts... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sys_interpreter+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - echo '#! /bin/cat +else case e in #( + e) echo '#! /bin/cat exit 69 ' >conftest chmod u+x conftest @@ -18434,7 +18922,8 @@ if test $? -ne 69; then else ac_cv_sys_interpreter=no fi -rm -f conftest +rm -f conftest ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sys_interpreter" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sys_interpreter" >&6; } @@ -18451,8 +18940,8 @@ printf %s "checking for lstat... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_func_lstat+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -18469,11 +18958,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_func_lstat=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_func_lstat=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_func_lstat=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_func_lstat" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_func_lstat" >&6; } @@ -18489,15 +18980,15 @@ printf %s "checking if dup2 fails to clear the close-on-exec flag... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_dup2_broken+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check dup2 if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check dup2 if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_dup2_broken=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -18525,13 +19016,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_dup2_broken=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_dup2_broken=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_dup2_broken=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_dup2_broken" >&5 @@ -18547,15 +19041,15 @@ printf %s "checking whether pgrps need synchronization... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_pgrp_pipe+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check pgrp synchronization if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check pgrp synchronization if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_pgrp_pipe=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H @@ -18615,13 +19109,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_pgrp_pipe=no -else $as_nop - bash_cv_pgrp_pipe=yes +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_pgrp_pipe=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_pgrp_pipe" >&5 @@ -18636,13 +19133,13 @@ printf %s "checking for type of signal functions... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_signal_vintage+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) if test ${bash_cv_posix_signals+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -18664,12 +19161,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_posix_signals=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_posix_signals=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_posix_signals=no + ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi @@ -18679,8 +19178,8 @@ else if test ${bash_cv_bsd_signals+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -18699,12 +19198,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_bsd_signals=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_bsd_signals=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_bsd_signals=no + ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi @@ -18714,8 +19215,8 @@ fi if test ${bash_cv_sysv_signals+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -18736,12 +19237,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_sysv_signals=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_sysv_signals=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_sysv_signals=no + ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi @@ -18752,7 +19255,8 @@ fi fi fi fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_signal_vintage" >&5 @@ -18774,8 +19278,8 @@ printf %s "checking for sys_errlist and sys_nerr... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_sys_errlist+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -18795,12 +19299,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_sys_errlist=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_sys_errlist=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_sys_errlist=no + ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_sys_errlist" >&5 @@ -18820,8 +19326,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "sys_siglist" "ac_cv_have_decl_sys_siglist" "#include if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_sys_siglist" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -18832,15 +19339,15 @@ printf %s "checking for sys_siglist in system C library... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_sys_siglist+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check for sys_siglist if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check for sys_siglist if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_sys_siglist=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -18863,13 +19370,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_sys_siglist=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_sys_siglist=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_sys_siglist=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_sys_siglist" >&5 @@ -18884,8 +19394,8 @@ printf %s "checking for _sys_siglist in signal.h or unistd.h... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_decl_under_sys_siglist+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -18904,10 +19414,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_decl_under_sys_siglist=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_decl_under_sys_siglist=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_decl_under_sys_siglist=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_decl_under_sys_siglist" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_decl_under_sys_siglist" >&6; } @@ -18922,15 +19434,15 @@ printf %s "checking for _sys_siglist in system C library... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_under_sys_siglist+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check for _sys_siglist if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check for _sys_siglist if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_under_sys_siglist=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -18953,13 +19465,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_under_sys_siglist=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_under_sys_siglist=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_under_sys_siglist=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_under_sys_siglist" >&5 @@ -18977,8 +19492,8 @@ printf %s "checking for clock_t... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_type_clock_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #if HAVE_STDLIB_H @@ -18997,14 +19512,16 @@ else $as_nop _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "clock_t" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "clock_t" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : bash_cv_type_clock_t=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_type_clock_t=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_type_clock_t=no ;; +esac fi rm -rf conftest* - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_type_clock_t" >&5 @@ -19022,8 +19539,8 @@ printf %s "checking for sigset_t... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_type_sigset_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #if HAVE_STDLIB_H @@ -19042,14 +19559,16 @@ else $as_nop _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "sigset_t" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "sigset_t" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : bash_cv_type_sigset_t=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_type_sigset_t=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_type_sigset_t=no ;; +esac fi rm -rf conftest* - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_type_sigset_t" >&5 @@ -19068,8 +19587,8 @@ printf %s "checking for socklen_t... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_type_socklen_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #if HAVE_STDLIB_H @@ -19088,14 +19607,16 @@ else $as_nop _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "socklen_t" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "socklen_t" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : bash_cv_type_socklen_t=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_type_socklen_t=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_type_socklen_t=no ;; +esac fi rm -rf conftest* - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_type_socklen_t" >&5 @@ -19123,8 +19644,8 @@ printf %s "checking for type of struct rlimit fields... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_type_rlimit+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -19141,22 +19662,22 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_type_rlimit=rlim_t -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for size of struct rlimit fields" >&5 printf %s "checking for size of struct rlimit fields... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_sizeof_rlim_cur+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check size of rlimit fields if cross compiling -- defaulting to long" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check size of rlimit fields if cross compiling -- defaulting to long" >&2;} bash_cv_sizeof_rlim_cur=$ac_cv_sizeof_long -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H @@ -19175,13 +19696,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_sizeof_rlim_cur=$? -else $as_nop - bash_cv_sizeof_rlim_cur=$? +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_sizeof_rlim_cur=$? ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_sizeof_rlim_cur" >&5 @@ -19192,15 +19716,15 @@ printf %s "checking for size of quad_t... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_sizeof_quad_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check size of quad_t if cross compiling -- defaulting to 0" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check size of quad_t if cross compiling -- defaulting to 0" >&2;} bash_cv_sizeof_quad_t=0 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -19227,13 +19751,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_sizeof_quad_t=$? -else $as_nop - bash_cv_sizeof_quad_t=$? +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_sizeof_quad_t=$? ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_sizeof_quad_t" >&5 @@ -19251,9 +19778,11 @@ else bash_cv_type_rlimit='unsigned long' fi - + ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_type_rlimit" >&5 @@ -19270,13 +19799,14 @@ then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_INTMAX_T 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - test $ac_cv_type_long_long_int = yes \ +else case e in #( + e) test $ac_cv_type_long_long_int = yes \ && ac_type='long long int' \ || ac_type='long int' printf "%s\n" "#define intmax_t $ac_type" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi @@ -19288,41 +19818,44 @@ then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_UINTMAX_T 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - test $ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int = yes \ +else case e in #( + e) test $ac_cv_type_unsigned_long_long_int = yes \ && ac_type='unsigned long long int' \ || ac_type='unsigned long int' printf "%s\n" "#define uintmax_t $ac_type" >>confdefs.h - + ;; +esac fi # The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler # version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects -# declarations like `int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. +# declarations like 'int a3[[(sizeof (unsigned char)) >= 0]];'. # This bug is HP SR number 8606223364. { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking size of intmax_t" >&5 printf %s "checking size of intmax_t... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sizeof_intmax_t+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (intmax_t))" "ac_cv_sizeof_intmax_t" "$ac_includes_default" +else case e in #( + e) if ac_fn_c_compute_int "$LINENO" "(long int) (sizeof (intmax_t))" "ac_cv_sizeof_intmax_t" "$ac_includes_default" then : -else $as_nop - if test "$ac_cv_type_intmax_t" = yes; then - { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} +else case e in #( + e) if test "$ac_cv_type_intmax_t" = yes; then + { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&5 +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: error: in '$ac_pwd':" >&2;} as_fn_error 77 "cannot compute sizeof (intmax_t) -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } +See 'config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } else ac_cv_sizeof_intmax_t=0 - fi + fi ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_intmax_t" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sizeof_intmax_t" >&6; } @@ -19365,8 +19898,8 @@ printf %s "checking for struct dirent.d_ino... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_dirent_has_d_ino+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) ac_fn_c_check_member "$LINENO" "struct dirent" "d_ino" "ac_cv_member_struct_dirent_d_ino" " #include @@ -19396,11 +19929,13 @@ then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO 1" >>confdefs.h bash_cv_dirent_has_d_ino=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_dirent_has_d_ino=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_dirent_has_d_ino=no ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_dirent_has_d_ino" >&5 @@ -19416,8 +19951,8 @@ printf %s "checking for struct dirent.d_fileno... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_dirent_has_d_fileno+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) ac_fn_c_check_member "$LINENO" "struct dirent" "d_fileno" "ac_cv_member_struct_dirent_d_fileno" " #include @@ -19447,11 +19982,13 @@ then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO 1" >>confdefs.h bash_cv_dirent_has_d_fileno=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_dirent_has_d_fileno=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_dirent_has_d_fileno=no ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_dirent_has_d_fileno" >&5 @@ -19467,8 +20004,8 @@ printf %s "checking for struct dirent.d_namlen... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_dirent_has_d_namlen+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) ac_fn_c_check_member "$LINENO" "struct dirent" "d_namlen" "ac_cv_member_struct_dirent_d_namlen" " #include @@ -19498,11 +20035,13 @@ then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN 1" >>confdefs.h bash_cv_dirent_has_d_namlen=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_dirent_has_d_namlen=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_dirent_has_d_namlen=no ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_dirent_has_d_namlen" >&5 @@ -19517,13 +20056,13 @@ printf %s "checking for struct winsize in sys/ioctl.h and termios.h... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_struct_winsize_header+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) if test ${bash_cv_struct_winsize_ioctl+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -19543,19 +20082,21 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_struct_winsize_ioctl=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_struct_winsize_ioctl=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_struct_winsize_ioctl=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - + ;; +esac fi if test ${bash_cv_struct_winsize_termios+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -19575,11 +20116,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_struct_winsize_termios=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_struct_winsize_termios=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_struct_winsize_termios=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - + ;; +esac fi @@ -19591,7 +20134,8 @@ elif test $bash_cv_struct_winsize_termios = yes; then else bash_cv_struct_winsize_header=other fi - + ;; +esac fi if test $bash_cv_struct_winsize_header = ioctl_h; then @@ -19614,8 +20158,8 @@ printf %s "checking for struct timeval in sys/time.h and time.h... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_struct_timeval+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #if HAVE_SYS_TIME_H #include @@ -19634,11 +20178,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_struct_timeval=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_struct_timeval=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_struct_timeval=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_struct_timeval" >&5 @@ -19662,8 +20208,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether struct tm is in sys/time.h or time.h... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_struct_tm+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #include @@ -19681,10 +20227,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_struct_tm=time.h -else $as_nop - ac_cv_struct_tm=sys/time.h +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_struct_tm=sys/time.h ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_struct_tm" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_struct_tm" >&6; } @@ -19716,8 +20264,9 @@ else if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_tzname" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_TZNAME $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -19726,8 +20275,8 @@ printf %s "checking for tzname... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_var_tzname+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #if !HAVE_DECL_TZNAME @@ -19745,11 +20294,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_var_tzname=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_var_tzname=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_var_tzname=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_var_tzname" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_var_tzname" >&6; } @@ -19765,36 +20316,39 @@ printf %s "checking for struct timezone in sys/time.h and time.h... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_struct_timezone+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "struct timezone" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "struct timezone" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : bash_cv_struct_timezone=yes -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "struct timezone" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "struct timezone" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : bash_cv_struct_timezone=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_struct_timezone=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_struct_timezone=no ;; +esac +fi +rm -rf conftest* + ;; +esac fi rm -rf conftest* -fi -rm -rf conftest* - - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_struct_timezone" >&5 @@ -19810,15 +20364,15 @@ printf %s "checking for offset of exit status in return status from wait... " >& if test ${bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check WEXITSTATUS offset if cross compiling -- defaulting to 0" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check WEXITSTATUS offset if cross compiling -- defaulting to 0" >&2;} bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -19857,13 +20411,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0 -else $as_nop - bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=$? +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=$? ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi if test "$bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset" -gt 32 ; then @@ -19885,8 +20442,8 @@ printf %s "checking for struct timespec in ... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_time_h+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -19901,10 +20458,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_time_h=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_time_h=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_time_h=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_time_h" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_time_h" >&6; } @@ -19925,8 +20484,8 @@ printf %s "checking for struct timespec in ... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_sys_time_h+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -19941,10 +20500,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_sys_time_h=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_sys_time_h=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_sys_time_h=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_sys_time_h" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_sys_time_h" >&6; } @@ -19960,8 +20521,8 @@ printf %s "checking for struct timespec in ... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_pthread_h+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -19976,10 +20537,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_pthread_h=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_pthread_h=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_pthread_h=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_pthread_h" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_sys_struct_timespec_in_pthread_h" >&6; } @@ -20014,8 +20577,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether struct stat.st_atim is of type struct timespec... " if test ${ac_cv_typeof_struct_stat_st_atim_is_struct_timespec+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -20040,10 +20603,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_typeof_struct_stat_st_atim_is_struct_timespec=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_typeof_struct_stat_st_atim_is_struct_timespec=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_typeof_struct_stat_st_atim_is_struct_timespec=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_typeof_struct_stat_st_atim_is_struct_timespec" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_typeof_struct_stat_st_atim_is_struct_timespec" >&6; } @@ -20052,8 +20617,8 @@ printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_typeof_struct_stat_st_atim_is_struct_timespec" >&6; } printf "%s\n" "#define TYPEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM_IS_STRUCT_TIMESPEC 1" >>confdefs.h fi -else $as_nop - ac_fn_c_check_member "$LINENO" "struct stat" "st_atimespec.tv_nsec" "ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_atimespec_tv_nsec" "#include +else case e in #( + e) ac_fn_c_check_member "$LINENO" "struct stat" "st_atimespec.tv_nsec" "ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_atimespec_tv_nsec" "#include #include " if test "x$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_atimespec_tv_nsec" = xyes @@ -20062,8 +20627,8 @@ then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIMESPEC_TV_NSEC 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - ac_fn_c_check_member "$LINENO" "struct stat" "st_atimensec" "ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_atimensec" "#include +else case e in #( + e) ac_fn_c_check_member "$LINENO" "struct stat" "st_atimensec" "ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_atimensec" "#include #include " if test "x$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_atimensec" = xyes @@ -20072,8 +20637,8 @@ then : printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIMENSEC 1" >>confdefs.h -else $as_nop - ac_fn_c_check_member "$LINENO" "struct stat" "st_atim.st__tim.tv_nsec" "ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_atim_st__tim_tv_nsec" "#include +else case e in #( + e) ac_fn_c_check_member "$LINENO" "struct stat" "st_atim.st__tim.tv_nsec" "ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_atim_st__tim_tv_nsec" "#include #include " if test "x$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_atim_st__tim_tv_nsec" = xyes @@ -20083,11 +20648,14 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM_ST__TIM_TV_NSEC 1" >>confdefs.h fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi @@ -20098,8 +20666,8 @@ printf %s "checking for sbrk... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_func_sbrk+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include int @@ -20113,11 +20681,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_func_sbrk=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_func_sbrk=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_func_sbrk=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_func_sbrk" >&5 @@ -20128,15 +20698,15 @@ printf %s "checking for working sbrk... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_func_sbrk+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check working sbrk if cross-compiling" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check working sbrk if cross-compiling" >&2;} bash_cv_func_sbrk=yes -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -20155,13 +20725,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_func_sbrk=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_func_sbrk=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_func_sbrk=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_func_sbrk" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_func_sbrk" >&6; } @@ -20181,8 +20754,8 @@ printf %s "checking for brk... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_func_brk+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include int @@ -20196,11 +20769,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_func_brk=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_func_brk=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_func_brk=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_func_brk" >&5 @@ -20211,15 +20786,15 @@ printf %s "checking for working brk... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_func_brk+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check working brk if cross-compiling" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check working brk if cross-compiling" >&2;} bash_cv_func_brk=yes -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -20238,13 +20813,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_func_brk=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_func_brk=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_func_brk=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_func_brk" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_func_brk" >&6; } @@ -20264,8 +20842,8 @@ printf %s "checking for the existence of strsignal... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_have_strsignal+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include #include @@ -20281,11 +20859,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_have_strsignal=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_have_strsignal=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_have_strsignal=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_have_strsignal" >&5 @@ -20300,15 +20880,15 @@ printf %s "checking if opendir() opens non-directories... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_opendir_not_robust+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check opendir if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check opendir if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_opendir_not_robust=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -20359,13 +20939,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_opendir_not_robust=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_opendir_not_robust=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_opendir_not_robust=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_opendir_not_robust" >&5 @@ -20380,15 +20963,15 @@ printf %s "checking whether ulimit can substitute for getdtablesize... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_ulimit_maxfds+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check ulimit if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check ulimit if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_ulimit_maxfds=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -20406,13 +20989,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_ulimit_maxfds=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_ulimit_maxfds=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_ulimit_maxfds=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_ulimit_maxfds" >&5 @@ -20432,8 +21018,9 @@ fi if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_fpurge" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_FPURGE $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20443,15 +21030,15 @@ printf %s "checking to see if getenv can be redefined... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_getenv_redef+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check getenv redefinition if cross compiling -- defaulting to yes" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check getenv redefinition if cross compiling -- defaulting to yes" >&2;} bash_cv_getenv_redef=yes -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H @@ -20481,13 +21068,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_getenv_redef=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_getenv_redef=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_getenv_redef=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_getenv_redef" >&5 @@ -20503,15 +21093,15 @@ printf %s "checking if getcwd() will dynamically allocate memory with 0 size... if test ${bash_cv_getcwd_malloc+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check whether getcwd allocates memory when cross-compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check whether getcwd allocates memory when cross-compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_getcwd_malloc=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -20532,13 +21122,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_getcwd_malloc=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_getcwd_malloc=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_getcwd_malloc=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_getcwd_malloc" >&5 @@ -20563,8 +21156,8 @@ printf %s "checking for presence of POSIX-style sigsetjmp/siglongjmp... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_func_sigsetjmp+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check for sigsetjmp/siglongjmp if cross-compiling -- defaulting to $bash_cv_posix_signals" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check for sigsetjmp/siglongjmp if cross-compiling -- defaulting to $bash_cv_posix_signals" >&2;} @@ -20574,8 +21167,8 @@ printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check for sigsetjmp/siglongjmp if cross-c bash_cv_func_sigsetjmp=missing fi -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H @@ -20631,13 +21224,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_func_sigsetjmp=present -else $as_nop - bash_cv_func_sigsetjmp=missing +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_func_sigsetjmp=missing ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_func_sigsetjmp" >&5 @@ -20652,15 +21248,15 @@ printf %s "checking whether or not strcoll and strcmp differ... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_func_strcoll_broken+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check strcoll if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check strcoll if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_func_strcoll_broken=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -20703,13 +21299,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_func_strcoll_broken=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_func_strcoll_broken=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_func_strcoll_broken=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_func_strcoll_broken" >&5 @@ -20728,15 +21327,15 @@ printf %s "checking for standard-conformant snprintf... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_func_snprintf+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check standard snprintf if cross-compiling" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check standard snprintf if cross-compiling" >&2;} bash_cv_func_snprintf=yes -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -20754,13 +21353,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_func_snprintf=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_func_snprintf=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_func_snprintf=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_func_snprintf" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_func_snprintf" >&6; } @@ -20783,15 +21385,15 @@ printf %s "checking for standard-conformant vsnprintf... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_func_vsnprintf+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check standard vsnprintf if cross-compiling" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check standard vsnprintf if cross-compiling" >&2;} bash_cv_func_vsnprintf=yes -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -20822,13 +21424,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_func_vsnprintf=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_func_vsnprintf=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_func_vsnprintf=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_func_vsnprintf" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_func_vsnprintf" >&6; } @@ -20849,8 +21454,8 @@ printf %s "checking for usable strtoimax... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_func_strtoimax+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - +else case e in #( + e) HAVE_STRTOIMAX=0 HAVE_DECL_STRTOIMAX=0 ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strtoimax" "ac_cv_func_strtoimax" @@ -20864,8 +21469,9 @@ fi if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_strtoimax" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_STRTOIMAX $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20881,7 +21487,8 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_STRTOIMAX $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h else bash_cv_func_strtoimax=yes fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_func_strtoimax" >&5 @@ -20903,8 +21510,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "clearerr_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_clearerr_unlocke if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_clearerr_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_CLEARERR_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20912,8 +21520,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "feof_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_feof_unlocked" "$ac_ if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_feof_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_FEOF_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20921,8 +21530,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "ferror_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_ferror_unlocked" " if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_ferror_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_FERROR_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20930,8 +21540,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "fflush_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_fflush_unlocked" " if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_fflush_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_FFLUSH_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20939,8 +21550,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "fgets_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_fgets_unlocked" "$a if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_fgets_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_FGETS_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20948,8 +21560,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "fputc_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_fputc_unlocked" "$a if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_fputc_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_FPUTC_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20957,8 +21570,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "fputs_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_fputs_unlocked" "$a if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_fputs_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_FPUTS_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20966,8 +21580,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "fread_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_fread_unlocked" "$a if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_fread_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_FREAD_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20975,8 +21590,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "fwrite_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_fwrite_unlocked" " if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_fwrite_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_FWRITE_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20984,8 +21600,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "getc_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_getc_unlocked" "$ac_ if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_getc_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_GETC_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -20993,8 +21610,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "getchar_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_getchar_unlocked" if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_getchar_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_GETCHAR_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -21002,8 +21620,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "putc_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_putc_unlocked" "$ac_ if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_putc_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_PUTC_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -21011,8 +21630,9 @@ ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "putchar_unlocked" "ac_cv_have_decl_putchar_unlocked" if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_putchar_unlocked" = xyes then : ac_have_decl=1 -else $as_nop - ac_have_decl=0 +else case e in #( + e) ac_have_decl=0 ;; +esac fi printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_PUTCHAR_UNLOCKED $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h @@ -21042,8 +21662,8 @@ printf %s "checking for standard-conformant putenv declaration... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_std_putenv+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #if HAVE_STDLIB_H @@ -21065,12 +21685,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_std_putenv=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_std_putenv=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_std_putenv=no + ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_std_putenv" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_std_putenv" >&6; } @@ -21090,8 +21712,8 @@ printf %s "checking for standard-conformant unsetenv declaration... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_std_unsetenv+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #if HAVE_STDLIB_H @@ -21113,12 +21735,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_std_unsetenv=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_std_unsetenv=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_std_unsetenv=no + ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ - conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_std_unsetenv" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$bash_cv_std_unsetenv" >&6; } @@ -21137,15 +21761,15 @@ printf %s "checking for printf floating point output in hex notation... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_printf_a_format+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check printf if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check printf if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_printf_a_format=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -21166,13 +21790,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_printf_a_format=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_printf_a_format=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_printf_a_format=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_printf_a_format" >&5 @@ -21188,15 +21815,15 @@ printf %s "checking whether fnmatch can be used to check bracket equivalence cla if test ${bash_cv_fnmatch_equiv_fallback+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check fnmatch if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check fnmatch if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_fnmatch_equiv_fallback=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -21223,13 +21850,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_fnmatch_equiv_fallback=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_fnmatch_equiv_fallback=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_fnmatch_equiv_fallback=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_fnmatch_equiv_fallback" >&5 @@ -21250,15 +21880,15 @@ printf %s "checking if signal handlers must be reinstalled when invoked... " >&6 if test ${bash_cv_must_reinstall_sighandlers+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check signal handling if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check signal handling if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_must_reinstall_sighandlers=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -21307,13 +21937,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_must_reinstall_sighandlers=no -else $as_nop - bash_cv_must_reinstall_sighandlers=yes +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_must_reinstall_sighandlers=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_must_reinstall_sighandlers" >&5 @@ -21329,8 +21962,8 @@ printf %s "checking for presence of necessary job control definitions... " >&6; if test ${bash_cv_job_control_missing+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -21385,11 +22018,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_job_control_missing=present -else $as_nop - bash_cv_job_control_missing=missing - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_job_control_missing=missing + ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_job_control_missing" >&5 @@ -21404,15 +22039,15 @@ printf %s "checking for presence of named pipes... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_sys_named_pipes+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check for named pipes if cross-compiling -- defaulting to missing" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check for named pipes if cross-compiling -- defaulting to missing" >&2;} bash_cv_sys_named_pipes=missing -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -21460,13 +22095,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_sys_named_pipes=present -else $as_nop - bash_cv_sys_named_pipes=missing +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_sys_named_pipes=missing ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_sys_named_pipes" >&5 @@ -21482,25 +22120,23 @@ printf %s "checking whether termios.h defines TIOCGWINSZ... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_termios_h+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ -#include +$ac_includes_default #include -#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ - yes -#endif +const int tiocgwinsz = TIOCGWINSZ; _ACEOF -if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "yes" >/dev/null 2>&1 +if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_termios_h=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_termios_h=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_termios_h=no ;; +esac fi -rm -rf conftest* - +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_termios_h" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_termios_h" >&6; } @@ -21511,25 +22147,23 @@ printf %s "checking whether sys/ioctl.h defines TIOCGWINSZ... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_sys_ioctl_h+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ -#include +$ac_includes_default #include -#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ - yes -#endif +const int tiocgwinsz = TIOCGWINSZ; _ACEOF -if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "yes" >/dev/null 2>&1 +if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_sys_ioctl_h=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_sys_ioctl_h=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_sys_ioctl_h=no ;; +esac fi -rm -rf conftest* - +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_sys_ioctl_h" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_sys_ioctl_h" >&6; } @@ -21546,8 +22180,8 @@ printf %s "checking for TIOCSTAT in sys/ioctl.h... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_tiocstat_in_ioctl+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -21563,11 +22197,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_tiocstat_in_ioctl=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_tiocstat_in_ioctl=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_tiocstat_in_ioctl=no + ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_tiocstat_in_ioctl" >&5 @@ -21582,8 +22218,8 @@ printf %s "checking for FIONREAD in sys/ioctl.h... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_fionread_in_ioctl+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -21599,11 +22235,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_fionread_in_ioctl=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_fionread_in_ioctl=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_fionread_in_ioctl=no + ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_fionread_in_ioctl" >&5 @@ -21620,15 +22258,15 @@ printf %s "checking whether WCONTINUED flag to waitpid is unavailable or availab if test ${bash_cv_wcontinued_broken+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check WCONTINUED if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check WCONTINUED if cross compiling -- defaulting to no" >&2;} bash_cv_wcontinued_broken=no -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -21656,13 +22294,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_wcontinued_broken=no -else $as_nop - bash_cv_wcontinued_broken=yes +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_wcontinued_broken=yes ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_wcontinued_broken" >&5 @@ -21678,8 +22319,8 @@ printf %s "checking for speed_t in sys/types.h... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_speed_t_in_sys_types+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include int @@ -21693,10 +22334,12 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_speed_t_in_sys_types=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_speed_t_in_sys_types=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_speed_t_in_sys_types=no ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_speed_t_in_sys_types" >&5 @@ -21711,8 +22354,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether getpw functions are declared in pwd.h... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_getpw_declared+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -21723,14 +22366,16 @@ else $as_nop _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | - $EGREP "getpwuid" >/dev/null 2>&1 + $EGREP_TRADITIONAL "getpwuid" >/dev/null 2>&1 then : bash_cv_getpw_declared=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_getpw_declared=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_getpw_declared=no ;; +esac fi rm -rf conftest* - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_getpw_declared" >&5 @@ -21745,15 +22390,15 @@ printf %s "checking for unusable real-time signals due to large values... " >&6; if test ${bash_cv_unusable_rtsigs+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test "$cross_compiling" = yes +else case e in #( + e) if test "$cross_compiling" = yes then : { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cannot check real-time signals if cross compiling -- defaulting to yes" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check real-time signals if cross compiling -- defaulting to yes" >&2;} bash_cv_unusable_rtsigs=yes -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -21781,13 +22426,16 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_unusable_rtsigs=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_unusable_rtsigs=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_unusable_rtsigs=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \ - conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext + conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_unusable_rtsigs" >&5 @@ -21815,12 +22463,12 @@ printf %s "checking whether $host_os needs _KERNEL for RLIMIT defines... " >&6; if test ${bash_cv_kernel_rlimit+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test ${bash_cv_rlimit+y} +else case e in #( + e) if test ${bash_cv_rlimit+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +else case e in #( + e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ #include @@ -21840,11 +22488,13 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_rlimit=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_rlimit=no - +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_rlimit=no + ;; +esac fi -rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext ;; +esac fi @@ -21871,12 +22521,14 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO" then : bash_cv_kernel_rlimit=yes -else $as_nop - bash_cv_kernel_rlimit=no +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_kernel_rlimit=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_kernel_rlimit" >&5 @@ -21903,27 +22555,33 @@ fi if test ${bash_cv_termcap_lib+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "tgetent" "ac_cv_func_tgetent" +else case e in #( + e) ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "tgetent" "ac_cv_func_tgetent" if test "x$ac_cv_func_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libc -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -ltermcap" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -ltermcap" >&5 printf %s "checking for tgetent in -ltermcap... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-ltermcap $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char tgetent (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (void); int main (void) { @@ -21935,34 +22593,42 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libtermcap -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -ltinfo" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -ltinfo" >&5 printf %s "checking for tgetent in -ltinfo... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-ltinfo $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char tgetent (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (void); int main (void) { @@ -21974,34 +22640,42 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_tinfo_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libtinfo -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lcurses" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lcurses" >&5 printf %s "checking for tgetent in -lcurses... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lcurses $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char tgetent (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (void); int main (void) { @@ -22013,34 +22687,42 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libcurses -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lncurses" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lncurses" >&5 printf %s "checking for tgetent in -lncurses... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lncurses $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char tgetent (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (void); int main (void) { @@ -22052,34 +22734,42 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncurses -else $as_nop - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lncursesw" >&5 +else case e in #( + e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lncursesw" >&5 printf %s "checking for tgetent in -lncursesw... " >&6; } if test ${ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +else case e in #( + e) ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lncursesw $LIBS" cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC - builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ -char tgetent (); + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. + The 'extern "C"' is for builds by C++ compilers; + although this is not generally supported in C code supporting it here + has little cost and some practical benefit (sr 110532). */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (void); int main (void) { @@ -22091,32 +22781,41 @@ _ACEOF if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO" then : ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent=yes -else $as_nop - ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent=no +else case e in #( + e) ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent=no ;; +esac fi rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext -LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" >&5 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" = xyes then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncursesw -else $as_nop - bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi - + ;; +esac fi if test "X$_bash_needmsg" = "Xyes"; then @@ -22159,8 +22858,8 @@ printf %s "checking whether /dev/fd is available... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_dev_fd+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - bash_cv_dev_fd="" +else case e in #( + e) bash_cv_dev_fd="" if test -d /dev/fd && (exec test -r /dev/fd/0 < /dev/null) ; then # check for systems like FreeBSD 5 that only provide /dev/fd/[012] if (exec test -r /dev/fd/3 3&5 @@ -22205,13 +22905,14 @@ printf %s "checking whether /dev/stdin stdout stderr are available... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_dev_stdin+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if (exec test -r /dev/stdin < /dev/null) ; then +else case e in #( + e) if (exec test -r /dev/stdin < /dev/null) ; then bash_cv_dev_stdin=present else bash_cv_dev_stdin=absent fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_dev_stdin" >&5 @@ -22226,8 +22927,8 @@ printf %s "checking for default mail directory... " >&6; } if test ${bash_cv_mail_dir+y} then : printf %s "(cached) " >&6 -else $as_nop - if test -d /var/mail; then +else case e in #( + e) if test -d /var/mail; then bash_cv_mail_dir=/var/mail elif test -d /var/spool/mail; then bash_cv_mail_dir=/var/spool/mail @@ -22238,7 +22939,8 @@ else $as_nop else bash_cv_mail_dir=unknown fi - + ;; +esac fi { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $bash_cv_mail_dir" >&5 @@ -22457,8 +23159,8 @@ cat >confcache <<\_ACEOF # config.status only pays attention to the cache file if you give it # the --recheck option to rerun configure. # -# `ac_cv_env_foo' variables (set or unset) will be overridden when -# loading this file, other *unset* `ac_cv_foo' will be assigned the +# 'ac_cv_env_foo' variables (set or unset) will be overridden when +# loading this file, other *unset* 'ac_cv_foo' will be assigned the # following values. _ACEOF @@ -22488,14 +23190,14 @@ printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: cache variable $ac_var contains a newline" >&2;} (set) 2>&1 | case $as_nl`(ac_space=' '; set) 2>&1` in #( *${as_nl}ac_space=\ *) - # `set' does not quote correctly, so add quotes: double-quote + # 'set' does not quote correctly, so add quotes: double-quote # substitution turns \\\\ into \\, and sed turns \\ into \. sed -n \ "s/'/'\\\\''/g; s/^\\([_$as_cr_alnum]*_cv_[_$as_cr_alnum]*\\)=\\(.*\\)/\\1='\\2'/p" ;; #( *) - # `set' quotes correctly as required by POSIX, so do not add quotes. + # 'set' quotes correctly as required by POSIX, so do not add quotes. sed -n "/^[_$as_cr_alnum]*_cv_[_$as_cr_alnum]*=/p" ;; esac | @@ -22556,6 +23258,12 @@ LIBOBJS=$ac_libobjs LTLIBOBJS=$ac_ltlibobjs +# Check whether --enable-year2038 was given. +if test ${enable_year2038+y} +then : + enableval=$enable_year2038; +fi + : "${CONFIG_STATUS=./config.status}" @@ -22586,7 +23294,6 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ASEOF || as_write_fail=1 # Be more Bourne compatible DUALCASE=1; export DUALCASE # for MKS sh -as_nop=: if test ${ZSH_VERSION+y} && (emulate sh) >/dev/null 2>&1 then : emulate sh @@ -22595,12 +23302,13 @@ then : # is contrary to our usage. Disable this feature. alias -g '${1+"$@"}'='"$@"' setopt NO_GLOB_SUBST -else $as_nop - case `(set -o) 2>/dev/null` in #( +else case e in #( + e) case `(set -o) 2>/dev/null` in #( *posix*) : set -o posix ;; #( *) : ;; +esac ;; esac fi @@ -22672,7 +23380,7 @@ IFS=$as_save_IFS ;; esac -# We did not find ourselves, most probably we were run as `sh COMMAND' +# We did not find ourselves, most probably we were run as 'sh COMMAND' # in which case we are not to be found in the path. if test "x$as_myself" = x; then as_myself=$0 @@ -22701,7 +23409,6 @@ as_fn_error () } # as_fn_error - # as_fn_set_status STATUS # ----------------------- # Set $? to STATUS, without forking. @@ -22741,11 +23448,12 @@ then : { eval $1+=\$2 }' -else $as_nop - as_fn_append () +else case e in #( + e) as_fn_append () { eval $1=\$$1\$2 - } + } ;; +esac fi # as_fn_append # as_fn_arith ARG... @@ -22759,11 +23467,12 @@ then : { as_val=$(( $* )) }' -else $as_nop - as_fn_arith () +else case e in #( + e) as_fn_arith () { as_val=`expr "$@" || test $? -eq 1` - } + } ;; +esac fi # as_fn_arith @@ -22846,9 +23555,9 @@ if (echo >conf$$.file) 2>/dev/null; then if ln -s conf$$.file conf$$ 2>/dev/null; then as_ln_s='ln -s' # ... but there are two gotchas: - # 1) On MSYS, both `ln -s file dir' and `ln file dir' fail. - # 2) DJGPP < 2.04 has no symlinks; `ln -s' creates a wrapper executable. - # In both cases, we have to default to `cp -pR'. + # 1) On MSYS, both 'ln -s file dir' and 'ln file dir' fail. + # 2) DJGPP < 2.04 has no symlinks; 'ln -s' creates a wrapper executable. + # In both cases, we have to default to 'cp -pR'. ln -s conf$$.file conf$$.dir 2>/dev/null && test ! -f conf$$.exe || as_ln_s='cp -pR' elif ln conf$$.file conf$$ 2>/dev/null; then @@ -22929,10 +23638,12 @@ as_test_x='test -x' as_executable_p=as_fn_executable_p # Sed expression to map a string onto a valid CPP name. -as_tr_cpp="eval sed 'y%*$as_cr_letters%P$as_cr_LETTERS%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g'" +as_sed_cpp="y%*$as_cr_letters%P$as_cr_LETTERS%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g" +as_tr_cpp="eval sed '$as_sed_cpp'" # deprecated # Sed expression to map a string onto a valid variable name. -as_tr_sh="eval sed 'y%*+%pp%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g'" +as_sed_sh="y%*+%pp%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g" +as_tr_sh="eval sed '$as_sed_sh'" # deprecated exec 6>&1 @@ -22947,8 +23658,8 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their # values after options handling. ac_log=" -This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.3-devel, which was -generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71. Invocation command line was +This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.3-alpha, which was +generated by GNU Autoconf 2.72. Invocation command line was CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES CONFIG_HEADERS = $CONFIG_HEADERS @@ -22980,7 +23691,7 @@ _ACEOF cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 ac_cs_usage="\ -\`$as_me' instantiates files and other configuration actions +'$as_me' instantiates files and other configuration actions from templates according to the current configuration. Unless the files and actions are specified as TAGs, all are instantiated by default. @@ -23015,11 +23726,11 @@ ac_cs_config_escaped=`printf "%s\n" "$ac_cs_config" | sed "s/^ //; s/'/'\\\\\\\\ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 ac_cs_config='$ac_cs_config_escaped' ac_cs_version="\\ -bash config.status 5.3-devel -configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71, +bash config.status 5.3-alpha +configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.72, with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\" -Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This config.status script is free software; the Free Software Foundation gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it." @@ -23080,8 +23791,8 @@ do ac_need_defaults=false;; --he | --h) # Conflict between --help and --header - as_fn_error $? "ambiguous option: \`$1' -Try \`$0 --help' for more information.";; + as_fn_error $? "ambiguous option: '$1' +Try '$0 --help' for more information.";; --help | --hel | -h ) printf "%s\n" "$ac_cs_usage"; exit ;; -q | -quiet | --quiet | --quie | --qui | --qu | --q \ @@ -23089,8 +23800,8 @@ Try \`$0 --help' for more information.";; ac_cs_silent=: ;; # This is an error. - -*) as_fn_error $? "unrecognized option: \`$1' -Try \`$0 --help' for more information." ;; + -*) as_fn_error $? "unrecognized option: '$1' +Try '$0 --help' for more information." ;; *) as_fn_append ac_config_targets " $1" ac_need_defaults=false ;; @@ -23170,7 +23881,7 @@ do "support/bashbug.sh") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES support/bashbug.sh" ;; "stamp-h") CONFIG_COMMANDS="$CONFIG_COMMANDS stamp-h" ;; - *) as_fn_error $? "invalid argument: \`$ac_config_target'" "$LINENO" 5;; + *) as_fn_error $? "invalid argument: '$ac_config_target'" "$LINENO" 5;; esac done @@ -23190,7 +23901,7 @@ fi # creating and moving files from /tmp can sometimes cause problems. # Hook for its removal unless debugging. # Note that there is a small window in which the directory will not be cleaned: -# after its creation but before its name has been assigned to `$tmp'. +# after its creation but before its name has been assigned to '$tmp'. $debug || { tmp= ac_tmp= @@ -23214,7 +23925,7 @@ ac_tmp=$tmp # Set up the scripts for CONFIG_FILES section. # No need to generate them if there are no CONFIG_FILES. -# This happens for instance with `./config.status config.h'. +# This happens for instance with './config.status config.h'. if test -n "$CONFIG_FILES"; then @@ -23372,13 +24083,13 @@ fi # test -n "$CONFIG_FILES" # Set up the scripts for CONFIG_HEADERS section. # No need to generate them if there are no CONFIG_HEADERS. -# This happens for instance with `./config.status Makefile'. +# This happens for instance with './config.status Makefile'. if test -n "$CONFIG_HEADERS"; then cat >"$ac_tmp/defines.awk" <<\_ACAWK || BEGIN { _ACEOF -# Transform confdefs.h into an awk script `defines.awk', embedded as +# Transform confdefs.h into an awk script 'defines.awk', embedded as # here-document in config.status, that substitutes the proper values into # config.h.in to produce config.h. @@ -23488,7 +24199,7 @@ do esac case $ac_mode$ac_tag in :[FHL]*:*);; - :L* | :C*:*) as_fn_error $? "invalid tag \`$ac_tag'" "$LINENO" 5;; + :L* | :C*:*) as_fn_error $? "invalid tag '$ac_tag'" "$LINENO" 5;; :[FH]-) ac_tag=-:-;; :[FH]*) ac_tag=$ac_tag:$ac_tag.in;; esac @@ -23510,19 +24221,19 @@ do -) ac_f="$ac_tmp/stdin";; *) # Look for the file first in the build tree, then in the source tree # (if the path is not absolute). The absolute path cannot be DOS-style, - # because $ac_f cannot contain `:'. + # because $ac_f cannot contain ':'. test -f "$ac_f" || case $ac_f in [\\/$]*) false;; *) test -f "$srcdir/$ac_f" && ac_f="$srcdir/$ac_f";; esac || - as_fn_error 1 "cannot find input file: \`$ac_f'" "$LINENO" 5;; + as_fn_error 1 "cannot find input file: '$ac_f'" "$LINENO" 5;; esac case $ac_f in *\'*) ac_f=`printf "%s\n" "$ac_f" | sed "s/'/'\\\\\\\\''/g"`;; esac as_fn_append ac_file_inputs " '$ac_f'" done - # Let's still pretend it is `configure' which instantiates (i.e., don't + # Let's still pretend it is 'configure' which instantiates (i.e., don't # use $as_me), people would be surprised to read: # /* config.h. Generated by config.status. */ configure_input='Generated from '` @@ -23655,7 +24366,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 esac _ACEOF -# Neutralize VPATH when `$srcdir' = `.'. +# Neutralize VPATH when '$srcdir' = '.'. # Shell code in configure.ac might set extrasub. # FIXME: do we really want to maintain this feature? cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 @@ -23686,9 +24397,9 @@ test -z "$ac_datarootdir_hack$ac_datarootdir_seen" && { ac_out=`sed -n '/\${datarootdir}/p' "$ac_tmp/out"`; test -n "$ac_out"; } && { ac_out=`sed -n '/^[ ]*datarootdir[ ]*:*=/p' \ "$ac_tmp/out"`; test -z "$ac_out"; } && - { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: $ac_file contains a reference to the variable \`datarootdir' + { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: $ac_file contains a reference to the variable 'datarootdir' which seems to be undefined. Please make sure it is defined" >&5 -printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: $ac_file contains a reference to the variable \`datarootdir' +printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: $ac_file contains a reference to the variable 'datarootdir' which seems to be undefined. Please make sure it is defined" >&2;} rm -f "$ac_tmp/stdin" diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac index b1fd617a..7382ea96 100644 --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.3, version 5.063])dnl define(bashvers, 5.3) -define(relstatus, devel) +define(relstatus, alpha) AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org]) @@ -568,7 +568,8 @@ AC_SUBST(CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD) AC_SUBST(LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD) AC_SUBST(LIBS_FOR_BUILD) -AC_PROG_GCC_TRADITIONAL +dnl This macro is obsolete +dnl AC_PROG_GCC_TRADITIONAL dnl BEGIN READLINE and HISTORY LIBRARY SECTION dnl prepare to allow bash to be linked against an already-installed readline diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 97695a81..860abdc5 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -14,83 +14,84 @@ DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN commands read from the standard input or from a file. BBaasshh also incor- porates useful features from the _K_o_r_n and _C shells (kksshh and ccsshh). - BBaasshh is intended to be a conformant implementation of the Shell and - Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification (IEEE Standard + POSIX is the name for a family of computing standards based on Unix. + BBaasshh is intended to be a conformant implementation of the Shell and + Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification (IEEE Standard 1003.1). BBaasshh can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default. OOPPTTIIOONNSS All of the single-character shell options documented in the description - of the sseett builtin command, including --oo, can be used as options when - the shell is invoked. In addition, bbaasshh interprets the following op- + of the sseett builtin command, including --oo, can be used as options when + the shell is invoked. In addition, bbaasshh interprets the following op- tions when it is invoked: - --cc If the --cc option is present, then commands are read from the + --cc If the --cc option is present, then commands are read from the first non-option argument _c_o_m_m_a_n_d___s_t_r_i_n_g. If there are argu- - ments after the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d___s_t_r_i_n_g, the first argument is as- - signed to $$00 and any remaining arguments are assigned to the + ments after the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d___s_t_r_i_n_g, the first argument is as- + signed to $$00 and any remaining arguments are assigned to the positional parameters. The assignment to $$00 sets the name of the shell, which is used in warning and error messages. --ii If the --ii option is present, the shell is _i_n_t_e_r_a_c_t_i_v_e. --ll Make bbaasshh act as if it had been invoked as a login shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN below). - --rr If the --rr option is present, the shell becomes _r_e_s_t_r_i_c_t_e_d + --rr If the --rr option is present, the shell becomes _r_e_s_t_r_i_c_t_e_d (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). - --ss If the --ss option is present, or if no arguments remain after - option processing, then commands are read from the standard - input. This option allows the positional parameters to be - set when invoking an interactive shell or when reading input + --ss If the --ss option is present, or if no arguments remain after + option processing, then commands are read from the standard + input. This option allows the positional parameters to be + set when invoking an interactive shell or when reading input through a pipe. - --DD A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $$ is printed - on the standard output. These are the strings that are sub- + --DD A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $$ is printed + on the standard output. These are the strings that are sub- ject to language translation when the current locale is not CC - or PPOOSSIIXX. This implies the --nn option; no commands will be + or PPOOSSIIXX. This implies the --nn option; no commands will be executed. [[--++]]OO [[_s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n]] - _s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n is one of the shell options accepted by the - sshhoopptt builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). If + _s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n is one of the shell options accepted by the + sshhoopptt builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). If _s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n is present, --OO sets the value of that option; ++OO - unsets it. If _s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n is not supplied, the names and - values of the shell options accepted by sshhoopptt are printed on - the standard output. If the invocation option is ++OO, the + unsets it. If _s_h_o_p_t___o_p_t_i_o_n is not supplied, the names and + values of the shell options accepted by sshhoopptt are printed on + the standard output. If the invocation option is ++OO, the output is displayed in a format that may be reused as input. - ---- A ---- signals the end of options and disables further option - processing. Any arguments after the ---- are treated as a - shell script filename (see below) and arguments passed to + ---- A ---- signals the end of options and disables further option + processing. Any arguments after the ---- are treated as a + shell script filename (see below) and arguments passed to that script. An argument of -- is equivalent to ----. - BBaasshh also interprets a number of multi-character options. These op- - tions must appear on the command line before the single-character op- + BBaasshh also interprets a number of multi-character options. These op- + tions must appear on the command line before the single-character op- tions to be recognized. ----ddeebbuuggggeerr Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell - starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description + starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin below). ----dduummpp--ppoo--ssttrriinnggss - Equivalent to --DD, but the output is in the GNU _g_e_t_t_e_x_t ppoo + Equivalent to --DD, but the output is in the GNU _g_e_t_t_e_x_t ppoo (portable object) file format. ----dduummpp--ssttrriinnggss Equivalent to --DD. - ----hheellpp Display a usage message on standard output and exit success- + ----hheellpp Display a usage message on standard output and exit success- fully. ----iinniitt--ffiillee _f_i_l_e ----rrccffiillee _f_i_l_e Execute commands from _f_i_l_e instead of the standard personal ini- - tialization file _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c if the shell is interactive (see IINN-- + tialization file _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c if the shell is interactive (see IINN-- VVOOCCAATTIIOONN below). ----llooggiinn Equivalent to --ll. ----nnooeeddiittiinngg - Do not use the GNU rreeaaddlliinnee library to read command lines when + Do not use the GNU rreeaaddlliinnee library to read command lines when the shell is interactive. ----nnoopprrooffiillee - Do not read either the system-wide startup file _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e or - any of the personal initialization files _~_/_._b_a_s_h___p_r_o_f_i_l_e, - _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_i_n, or _~_/_._p_r_o_f_i_l_e. By default, bbaasshh reads these - files when it is invoked as a login shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN be- + Do not read either the system-wide startup file _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e or + any of the personal initialization files _~_/_._b_a_s_h___p_r_o_f_i_l_e, + _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_i_n, or _~_/_._p_r_o_f_i_l_e. By default, bbaasshh reads these + files when it is invoked as a login shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN be- low). ----nnoorrcc Do not read and execute the personal initialization file @@ -98,9 +99,9 @@ OOPPTTIIOONNSS fault if the shell is invoked as sshh. ----ppoossiixx - Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default operation differs + Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See - SSEEEE AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that details how + SSEEEE AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior. ----rreessttrriicctteedd @@ -110,116 +111,116 @@ OOPPTTIIOONNSS Equivalent to --vv. ----vveerrssiioonn - Show version information for this instance of bbaasshh on the stan- + Show version information for this instance of bbaasshh on the stan- dard output and exit successfully. AARRGGUUMMEENNTTSS If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the --cc nor the - --ss option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the - name of a file containing shell commands (a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t). If bbaasshh is + --ss option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the + name of a file containing shell commands (a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t). If bbaasshh is invoked in this fashion, $$00 is set to the name of the file, and the po- sitional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. BBaasshh reads and - executes commands from this file, then exits. BBaasshh's exit status is + executes commands from this file, then exits. BBaasshh's exit status is the exit status of the last command executed in the script. If no com- - mands are executed, the exit status is 0. An attempt is first made to - open the file in the current directory, and, if no file is found, then + mands are executed, the exit status is 0. An attempt is first made to + open the file in the current directory, and, if no file is found, then the shell searches the directories in PPAATTHH for the script. IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN - A _l_o_g_i_n _s_h_e_l_l is one whose first character of argument zero is a --, or + A _l_o_g_i_n _s_h_e_l_l is one whose first character of argument zero is a --, or one started with the ----llooggiinn option. - An _i_n_t_e_r_a_c_t_i_v_e shell is one started without non-option arguments (un- - less --ss is specified) and without the --cc option, whose standard input + An _i_n_t_e_r_a_c_t_i_v_e shell is one started without non-option arguments (un- + less --ss is specified) and without the --cc option, whose standard input and error are both connected to terminals (as determined by _i_s_a_t_t_y(3)), - or one started with the --ii option. PPSS11 is set and $$-- includes ii if - bbaasshh is interactive, allowing a shell script or a startup file to test + or one started with the --ii option. PPSS11 is set and $$-- includes ii if + bbaasshh is interactive, allowing a shell script or a startup file to test this state. - The following paragraphs describe how bbaasshh executes its startup files. - If any of the files exist but cannot be read, bbaasshh reports an error. - Tildes are expanded in filenames as described below under TTiillddee EExxppaann-- + The following paragraphs describe how bbaasshh executes its startup files. + If any of the files exist but cannot be read, bbaasshh reports an error. + Tildes are expanded in filenames as described below under TTiillddee EExxppaann-- ssiioonn in the EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN section. - When bbaasshh is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter- - active shell with the ----llooggiinn option, it first reads and executes com- - mands from the file _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e, if that file exists. After reading + When bbaasshh is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter- + active shell with the ----llooggiinn option, it first reads and executes com- + mands from the file _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for _~_/_._b_a_s_h___p_r_o_f_i_l_e, _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_i_n, and _~_/_._p_r_o_f_i_l_e, - in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that - exists and is readable. The ----nnoopprrooffiillee option may be used when the + in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that + exists and is readable. The ----nnoopprrooffiillee option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior. When an interactive login shell exits, or a non-interactive login shell - executes the eexxiitt builtin command, bbaasshh reads and executes commands + executes the eexxiitt builtin command, bbaasshh reads and executes commands from the file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t, if it exists. - When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bbaasshh - reads and executes commands from _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c, if that file exists. This - may be inhibited by using the ----nnoorrcc option. The ----rrccffiillee _f_i_l_e option - will force bbaasshh to read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e instead of + When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bbaasshh + reads and executes commands from _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c, if that file exists. This + may be inhibited by using the ----nnoorrcc option. The ----rrccffiillee _f_i_l_e option + will force bbaasshh to read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e instead of _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c. - When bbaasshh is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for ex- - ample, it looks for the variable BBAASSHH__EENNVV in the environment, expands - its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name - of a file to read and execute. BBaasshh behaves as if the following com- + When bbaasshh is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for ex- + ample, it looks for the variable BBAASSHH__EENNVV in the environment, expands + its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name + of a file to read and execute. BBaasshh behaves as if the following com- mand were executed: if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi - but the value of the PPAATTHH variable is not used to search for the file- + but the value of the PPAATTHH variable is not used to search for the file- name. - If bbaasshh is invoked with the name sshh, it tries to mimic the startup be- - havior of historical versions of sshh as closely as possible, while con- - forming to the POSIX standard as well. When invoked as an interactive - login shell, or a non-interactive shell with the ----llooggiinn option, it - first attempts to read and execute commands from _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e and - _~_/_._p_r_o_f_i_l_e, in that order. The ----nnoopprrooffiillee option may be used to in- - hibit this behavior. When invoked as an interactive shell with the - name sshh, bbaasshh looks for the variable EENNVV, expands its value if it is - defined, and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and + If bbaasshh is invoked with the name sshh, it tries to mimic the startup be- + havior of historical versions of sshh as closely as possible, while con- + forming to the POSIX standard as well. When invoked as an interactive + login shell, or a non-interactive shell with the ----llooggiinn option, it + first attempts to read and execute commands from _/_e_t_c_/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e and + _~_/_._p_r_o_f_i_l_e, in that order. The ----nnoopprrooffiillee option may be used to in- + hibit this behavior. When invoked as an interactive shell with the + name sshh, bbaasshh looks for the variable EENNVV, expands its value if it is + defined, and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute. Since a shell invoked as sshh does not attempt to read and exe- - cute commands from any other startup files, the ----rrccffiillee option has no - effect. A non-interactive shell invoked with the name sshh does not at- + cute commands from any other startup files, the ----rrccffiillee option has no + effect. A non-interactive shell invoked with the name sshh does not at- tempt to read any other startup files. When invoked as sshh, bbaasshh enters _p_o_s_i_x mode after the startup files are read. - When bbaasshh is started in _p_o_s_i_x mode, as with the ----ppoossiixx command line + When bbaasshh is started in _p_o_s_i_x mode, as with the ----ppoossiixx command line option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files. In this mode, - interactive shells expand the EENNVV variable and commands are read and - executed from the file whose name is the expanded value. No other + interactive shells expand the EENNVV variable and commands are read and + executed from the file whose name is the expanded value. No other startup files are read. BBaasshh attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input - connected to a network connection, as when executed by the historical + connected to a network connection, as when executed by the historical remote shell daemon, usually _r_s_h_d, or the secure shell daemon _s_s_h_d. If - bbaasshh determines it is being run non-interactively in this fashion, it - reads and executes commands from _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c, if that file exists and is + bbaasshh determines it is being run non-interactively in this fashion, it + reads and executes commands from _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c, if that file exists and is readable. It will not do this if invoked as sshh. The ----nnoorrcc option may - be used to inhibit this behavior, and the ----rrccffiillee option may be used - to force another file to be read, but neither _r_s_h_d nor _s_s_h_d generally + be used to inhibit this behavior, and the ----rrccffiillee option may be used + to force another file to be read, but neither _r_s_h_d nor _s_s_h_d generally invoke the shell with those options or allow them to be specified. If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not supplied, no startup files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment, - the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they ap- - pear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective user id is set - to the real user id. If the --pp option is supplied at invocation, the + the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they ap- + pear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective user id is set + to the real user id. If the --pp option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is the same, but the effective user id is not reset. DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS - The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this docu- + The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this docu- ment. bbllaannkk A space or tab. - wwoorrdd A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the + wwoorrdd A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell. Also known as a ttookkeenn. - nnaammee A _w_o_r_d consisting only of alphanumeric characters and under- - scores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an under- + nnaammee A _w_o_r_d consisting only of alphanumeric characters and under- + scores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an under- score. Also referred to as an iiddeennttiiffiieerr. mmeettaacchhaarraacctteerr - A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the + A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the following: || && ;; (( )) << >> ssppaaccee ttaabb nneewwlliinnee ccoonnttrrooll ooppeerraattoorr @@ -230,201 +231,201 @@ DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS RREESSEERRVVEEDD WWOORRDDSS _R_e_s_e_r_v_e_d _w_o_r_d_s are words that have a special meaning to the shell. The following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either the - first word of a command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR below), the third word of a - ccaassee or sseelleecctt command (only iinn is valid), or the third word of a ffoorr + first word of a command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR below), the third word of a + ccaassee or sseelleecctt command (only iinn is valid), or the third word of a ffoorr command (only iinn and ddoo are valid): - !! ccaassee ccoopprroocc ddoo ddoonnee eelliiff eellssee eessaacc ffii ffoorr ffuunnccttiioonn iiff iinn sseelleecctt + !! ccaassee ccoopprroocc ddoo ddoonnee eelliiff eellssee eessaacc ffii ffoorr ffuunnccttiioonn iiff iinn sseelleecctt tthheenn uunnttiill wwhhiillee {{ }} ttiimmee [[[[ ]]]] SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - This section describes the syntax of the various forms of shell com- + This section describes the syntax of the various forms of shell com- mands. SSiimmppllee CCoommmmaannddss - A _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a sequence of optional variable assignments fol- - lowed by bbllaannkk-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a + A _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a sequence of optional variable assignments fol- + lowed by bbllaannkk-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a _c_o_n_t_r_o_l _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. The first word specifies the command to be executed, - and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as ar- + and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as ar- guments to the invoked command. - The return value of a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is its exit status, or 128+_n if + The return value of a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is its exit status, or 128+_n if the command is terminated by signal _n. PPiippeelliinneess - A _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of + A _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of the control operators || or ||&&. The format for a pipeline is: [ttiimmee [--pp]] [ ! ] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1 [ [|||||&&] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 ... ] The standard output of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1 is connected via a pipe to the standard - input of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2. This connection is performed before any redirec- + input of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2. This connection is performed before any redirec- tions specified by the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1(see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below). If ||&& is used, - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1's standard error, in addition to its standard output, is con- - nected to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2's standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand - for 22>>&&11 ||. This implicit redirection of the standard error to the - standard output is performed after any redirections specified by _c_o_m_- + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1's standard error, in addition to its standard output, is con- + nected to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2's standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand + for 22>>&&11 ||. This implicit redirection of the standard error to the + standard output is performed after any redirections specified by _c_o_m_- _m_a_n_d_1. The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command, - unless the ppiippeeffaaiill option is enabled. If ppiippeeffaaiill is enabled, the - pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command - to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit success- + unless the ppiippeeffaaiill option is enabled. If ppiippeeffaaiill is enabled, the + pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command + to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit success- fully. If the reserved word !! precedes a pipeline, the exit status of - that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as described - above. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate + that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as described + above. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a value. - If the ttiimmee reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as - user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the - pipeline terminates. The --pp option changes the output format to that - specified by POSIX. When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it does not rec- - ognize ttiimmee as a reserved word if the next token begins with a "-". - The TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable may be set to a format string that specifies - how the timing information should be displayed; see the description of + If the ttiimmee reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as + user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the + pipeline terminates. The --pp option changes the output format to that + specified by POSIX. When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it does not rec- + ognize ttiimmee as a reserved word if the next token begins with a "-". + The TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable may be set to a format string that specifies + how the timing information should be displayed; see the description of TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess below. When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, ttiimmee may be followed by a newline. In - this case, the shell displays the total user and system time consumed - by the shell and its children. The TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable specifies the + this case, the shell displays the total user and system time consumed + by the shell and its children. The TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable specifies the format of the time information. - Each command in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are created, is - executed in a _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l, which is a separate process. See CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEE-- - CCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT for a description of subshells and a subshell envi- - ronment. If the llaassttppiippee option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin - (see the description of sshhoopptt below), the last element of a pipeline + Each command in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are created, is + executed in a _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l, which is a separate process. See CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEE-- + CCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT for a description of subshells and a subshell envi- + ronment. If the llaassttppiippee option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin + (see the description of sshhoopptt below), the last element of a pipeline may be run by the shell process when job control is not active. LLiissttss - A _l_i_s_t is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the + A _l_i_s_t is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators ;;, &&, &&&&, or ||||, and optionally terminated by one of ;;, &&, or <>. Of these list operators, &&&& and |||| have equal precedence, followed by ;; and &&, which have equal precedence. - A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a _l_i_s_t instead of a + A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a _l_i_s_t instead of a semicolon to delimit commands. - If a command is terminated by the control operator &&, the shell exe- - cutes the command in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d in a subshell. The shell does not - wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. These are - referred to as _a_s_y_n_c_h_r_o_n_o_u_s commands. Commands separated by a ;; are + If a command is terminated by the control operator &&, the shell exe- + cutes the command in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d in a subshell. The shell does not + wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. These are + referred to as _a_s_y_n_c_h_r_o_n_o_u_s commands. Commands separated by a ;; are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each command to terminate in - turn. The return status is the exit status of the last command exe- + turn. The return status is the exit status of the last command exe- cuted. - AND and OR lists are sequences of one or more pipelines separated by - the &&&& and |||| control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are + AND and OR lists are sequences of one or more pipelines separated by + the &&&& and |||| control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are executed with left associativity. An AND list has the form _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1 &&&& _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 is executed if, and only if, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1 returns an exit status + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 is executed if, and only if, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1 returns an exit status of zero (success). An OR list has the form _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1 |||| _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 is executed if, and only if, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1 returns a non-zero exit - status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 is executed if, and only if, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1 returns a non-zero exit + status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last command executed in the list. CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss - A _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is one of the following. In most cases a _l_i_s_t in a - command's description may be separated from the rest of the command by - one or more newlines, and may be followed by a newline in place of a + A _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is one of the following. In most cases a _l_i_s_t in a + command's description may be separated from the rest of the command by + one or more newlines, and may be followed by a newline in place of a semicolon. - (_l_i_s_t) _l_i_s_t is executed in a subshell (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONN-- - MMEENNTT below for a description of a subshell environment). Vari- - able assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's + (_l_i_s_t) _l_i_s_t is executed in a subshell (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONN-- + MMEENNTT below for a description of a subshell environment). Vari- + able assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in effect after the command completes. The return status is the exit status of _l_i_s_t. { _l_i_s_t; } - _l_i_s_t is simply executed in the current shell environment. _l_i_s_t - must be terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known - as a _g_r_o_u_p _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. The return status is the exit status of - _l_i_s_t. Note that unlike the metacharacters (( and )), {{ and }} are + _l_i_s_t is simply executed in the current shell environment. _l_i_s_t + must be terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known + as a _g_r_o_u_p _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. The return status is the exit status of + _l_i_s_t. Note that unlike the metacharacters (( and )), {{ and }} are _r_e_s_e_r_v_e_d _w_o_r_d_s and must occur where a reserved word is permitted - to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they - must be separated from _l_i_s_t by whitespace or another shell + to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they + must be separated from _l_i_s_t by whitespace or another shell metacharacter. ((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)) The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is evaluated according to the rules described be- low under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return status - is 1. The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n undergoes the same expansions as if it - were within double quotes, but double quote characters in _e_x_- + is 1. The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n undergoes the same expansions as if it + were within double quotes, but double quote characters in _e_x_- _p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n are not treated specially and are removed. [[[[ _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n ]]]] - Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the - conditional expression _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n. Expressions are composed of - the primaries described below under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. - The words between the [[[[ and ]]]] do not undergo word splitting + Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the + conditional expression _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n. Expressions are composed of + the primaries described below under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. + The words between the [[[[ and ]]]] do not undergo word splitting and pathname expansion. The shell performs tilde expansion, pa- - rameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command - substitution, process substitution, and quote removal on those - words (the expansions that would occur if the words were en- + rameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command + substitution, process substitution, and quote removal on those + words (the expansions that would occur if the words were en- closed in double quotes). Conditional operators such as --ff must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries. - When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. - When the ==== and !!== operators are used, the string to the right + When the ==== and !!== operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to the rules described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg, as if the eexxtt-- gglloobb shell option were enabled. The == operator is equivalent to - ====. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is - performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. - The return value is 0 if the string matches (====) or does not - match (!!==) the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pat- - tern may be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as + ====. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is + performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. + The return value is 0 if the string matches (====) or does not + match (!!==) the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pat- + tern may be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. - An additional binary operator, ==~~, is available, with the same - precedence as ==== and !!==. When it is used, the string to the + An additional binary operator, ==~~, is available, with the same + precedence as ==== and !!==. When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a POSIX extended regular ex- - pression and matched accordingly (using the POSIX _r_e_g_c_o_m_p and - _r_e_g_e_x_e_c interfaces usually described in _r_e_g_e_x(3)). The return - value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. + pression and matched accordingly (using the POSIX _r_e_g_c_o_m_p and + _r_e_g_e_x_e_c interfaces usually described in _r_e_g_e_x(3)). The return + value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the condi- tional expression's return value is 2. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell - option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the - case of alphabetic characters. If any part of the pattern is - quoted, the quoted portion is matched literally. This means + option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the + case of alphabetic characters. If any part of the pattern is + quoted, the quoted portion is matched literally. This means every character in the quoted portion matches itself, instead of - having any special pattern matching meaning. If the pattern is - stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable expansion - forces the entire pattern to be matched literally. Treat + having any special pattern matching meaning. If the pattern is + stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable expansion + forces the entire pattern to be matched literally. Treat bracket expressions in regular expressions carefully, since nor- - mal quoting and pattern characters lose their meanings between + mal quoting and pattern characters lose their meanings between brackets. - The pattern will match if it matches any part of the string. - Anchor the pattern using the ^^ and $$ regular expression opera- + The pattern will match if it matches any part of the string. + Anchor the pattern using the ^^ and $$ regular expression opera- tors to force it to match the entire string. The array variable - BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH records which parts of the string matched the pat- - tern. The element of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index 0 contains the - portion of the string matching the entire regular expression. - Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the - regular expression are saved in the remaining BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH in- - dices. The element of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index _n is the portion - of the string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. - BBaasshh sets BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH in the global scope; declaring it as a + BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH records which parts of the string matched the pat- + tern. The element of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index 0 contains the + portion of the string matching the entire regular expression. + Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the + regular expression are saved in the remaining BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH in- + dices. The element of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index _n is the portion + of the string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. + BBaasshh sets BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH in the global scope; declaring it as a local variable will lead to unexpected results. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence: (( _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n. This may be used to + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. !! _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n True if _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is false. @@ -434,82 +435,82 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR True if either _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_1 or _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_2 is true. The &&&& and |||| operators do not evaluate _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_2 if the value - of _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_1 is sufficient to determine the return value of + of _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_1 is sufficient to determine the return value of the entire conditional expression. ffoorr _n_a_m_e [ [ iinn [ _w_o_r_d _._._. ] ] ; ] ddoo _l_i_s_t ; ddoonnee The list of words following iinn is expanded, generating a list of items. The variable _n_a_m_e is set to each element of this list in - turn, and _l_i_s_t is executed each time. If the iinn _w_o_r_d is omit- - ted, the ffoorr command executes _l_i_s_t once for each positional pa- - rameter that is set (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS below). The return status - is the exit status of the last command that executes. If the + turn, and _l_i_s_t is executed each time. If the iinn _w_o_r_d is omit- + ted, the ffoorr command executes _l_i_s_t once for each positional pa- + rameter that is set (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS below). The return status + is the exit status of the last command that executes. If the expansion of the items following iinn results in an empty list, no commands are executed, and the return status is 0. ffoorr (( _e_x_p_r_1 ; _e_x_p_r_2 ; _e_x_p_r_3 )) ; ddoo _l_i_s_t ; ddoonnee First, the arithmetic expression _e_x_p_r_1 is evaluated according to - the rules described below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. The - arithmetic expression _e_x_p_r_2 is then evaluated repeatedly until - it evaluates to zero. Each time _e_x_p_r_2 evaluates to a non-zero - value, _l_i_s_t is executed and the arithmetic expression _e_x_p_r_3 is - evaluated. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it + the rules described below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. The + arithmetic expression _e_x_p_r_2 is then evaluated repeatedly until + it evaluates to zero. Each time _e_x_p_r_2 evaluates to a non-zero + value, _l_i_s_t is executed and the arithmetic expression _e_x_p_r_3 is + evaluated. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1. The return value is the exit status of the last command in _l_i_s_t that is executed, or false if any of the expres- sions is invalid. sseelleecctt _n_a_m_e [ iinn _w_o_r_d ] ; ddoo _l_i_s_t ; ddoonnee The list of words following iinn is expanded, generating a list of - items, and the set of expanded words is printed on the standard - error, each preceded by a number. If the iinn _w_o_r_d is omitted, - the positional parameters are printed (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS below). - sseelleecctt then displays the PPSS33 prompt and reads a line from the - standard input. If the line consists of a number corresponding - to one of the displayed words, then the value of _n_a_m_e is set to - that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt are dis- - played again. If EOF is read, the sseelleecctt command completes and - returns 1. Any other value read causes _n_a_m_e to be set to null. - The line read is saved in the variable RREEPPLLYY. The _l_i_s_t is exe- - cuted after each selection until a bbrreeaakk command is executed. + items, and the set of expanded words is printed on the standard + error, each preceded by a number. If the iinn _w_o_r_d is omitted, + the positional parameters are printed (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS below). + sseelleecctt then displays the PPSS33 prompt and reads a line from the + standard input. If the line consists of a number corresponding + to one of the displayed words, then the value of _n_a_m_e is set to + that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt are dis- + played again. If EOF is read, the sseelleecctt command completes and + returns 1. Any other value read causes _n_a_m_e to be set to null. + The line read is saved in the variable RREEPPLLYY. The _l_i_s_t is exe- + cuted after each selection until a bbrreeaakk command is executed. The exit status of sseelleecctt is the exit status of the last command executed in _l_i_s_t, or zero if no commands were executed. ccaassee _w_o_r_d iinn [ [(] _p_a_t_t_e_r_n [ || _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ] ... ) _l_i_s_t ;; ] ... eessaacc A ccaassee command first expands _w_o_r_d, and tries to match it against - each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in turn, using the matching rules described under + each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in turn, using the matching rules described under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. The _w_o_r_d is expanded using tilde expan- - sion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, - command substitution, process substitution and quote removal. + sion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, + command substitution, process substitution and quote removal. Each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n examined is expanded using tilde expansion, parame- - ter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command sub- - stitution, process substitution, and quote removal. If the nnoo-- - ccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is performed with- - out regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a match - is found, the corresponding _l_i_s_t is executed. If the ;;;; opera- + ter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command sub- + stitution, process substitution, and quote removal. If the nnoo-- + ccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is performed with- + out regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a match + is found, the corresponding _l_i_s_t is executed. If the ;;;; opera- tor is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after the first pattern match. Using ;;&& in place of ;;;; causes execution to con- - tinue with the _l_i_s_t associated with the next set of patterns. - Using ;;;;&& in place of ;;;; causes the shell to test the next pat- - tern list in the statement, if any, and execute any associated + tinue with the _l_i_s_t associated with the next set of patterns. + Using ;;;;&& in place of ;;;; causes the shell to test the next pat- + tern list in the statement, if any, and execute any associated _l_i_s_t on a successful match, continuing the case statement execu- tion as if the pattern list had not matched. The exit status is zero if no pattern matches. Otherwise, it is the exit status of the last command executed in _l_i_s_t. iiff _l_i_s_t; tthheenn _l_i_s_t; [ eelliiff _l_i_s_t; tthheenn _l_i_s_t; ] ... [ eellssee _l_i_s_t; ] ffii - The iiff _l_i_s_t is executed. If its exit status is zero, the tthheenn - _l_i_s_t is executed. Otherwise, each eelliiff _l_i_s_t is executed in - turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding tthheenn + The iiff _l_i_s_t is executed. If its exit status is zero, the tthheenn + _l_i_s_t is executed. Otherwise, each eelliiff _l_i_s_t is executed in + turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding tthheenn _l_i_s_t is executed and the command completes. Otherwise, the eellssee - _l_i_s_t is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit sta- + _l_i_s_t is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit sta- tus of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. wwhhiillee _l_i_s_t_-_1; ddoo _l_i_s_t_-_2; ddoonnee uunnttiill _l_i_s_t_-_1; ddoo _l_i_s_t_-_2; ddoonnee - The wwhhiillee command continuously executes the list _l_i_s_t_-_2 as long + The wwhhiillee command continuously executes the list _l_i_s_t_-_2 as long as the last command in the list _l_i_s_t_-_1 returns an exit status of - zero. The uunnttiill command is identical to the wwhhiillee command, ex- + zero. The uunnttiill command is identical to the wwhhiillee command, ex- cept that the test is negated: _l_i_s_t_-_2 is executed as long as the last command in _l_i_s_t_-_1 returns a non-zero exit status. The exit status of the wwhhiillee and uunnttiill commands is the exit status of the @@ -517,135 +518,135 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR CCoopprroocceesssseess A _c_o_p_r_o_c_e_s_s is a shell command preceded by the ccoopprroocc reserved word. A - coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command - had been terminated with the && control operator, with a two-way pipe + coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command + had been terminated with the && control operator, with a two-way pipe established between the executing shell and the coprocess. The syntax for a coprocess is: ccoopprroocc [_N_A_M_E] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n_s] - This creates a coprocess named _N_A_M_E. _c_o_m_m_a_n_d may be either a simple - command or a compound command (see above). _N_A_M_E is a shell variable + This creates a coprocess named _N_A_M_E. _c_o_m_m_a_n_d may be either a simple + command or a compound command (see above). _N_A_M_E is a shell variable name. If _N_A_M_E is not supplied, the default name is CCOOPPRROOCC. The recommended form to use for a coprocess is ccoopprroocc _N_A_M_E { _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n_s]; } - This form is recommended because simple commands result in the co- - process always being named CCOOPPRROOCC, and it is simpler to use and more + This form is recommended because simple commands result in the co- + process always being named CCOOPPRROOCC, and it is simpler to use and more complete than the other compound commands. - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a compound command, _N_A_M_E is optional. The word following - ccoopprroocc determines whether that word is interpreted as a variable name: - it is interpreted as _N_A_M_E if it is not a reserved word that introduces - a compound command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a simple command, _N_A_M_E is not al- - lowed; this is to avoid confusion between _N_A_M_E and the first word of + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a compound command, _N_A_M_E is optional. The word following + ccoopprroocc determines whether that word is interpreted as a variable name: + it is interpreted as _N_A_M_E if it is not a reserved word that introduces + a compound command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a simple command, _N_A_M_E is not al- + lowed; this is to avoid confusion between _N_A_M_E and the first word of the simple command. - When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable - (see AArrrraayyss below) named _N_A_M_E in the context of the executing shell. - The standard output of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected via a pipe to a file de- - scriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned + When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable + (see AArrrraayyss below) named _N_A_M_E in the context of the executing shell. + The standard output of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected via a pipe to a file de- + scriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[0]. The standard input of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is as- - signed to _N_A_M_E[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections + signed to _N_A_M_E[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the command (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below). The file descriptors - can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using - standard word expansions. Other than those created to execute command - and process substitutions, the file descriptors are not available in + can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using + standard word expansions. Other than those created to execute command + and process substitutions, the file descriptors are not available in subshells. - The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is avail- - able as the value of the variable _N_A_M_E_PID. The wwaaiitt builtin command + The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is avail- + able as the value of the variable _N_A_M_E_PID. The wwaaiitt builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. - Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the ccoopprroocc - command always returns success. The return status of a coprocess is + Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the ccoopprroocc + command always returns success. The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. SShheellll FFuunnccttiioonn DDeeffiinniittiioonnss - A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and - executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. + A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and + executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. Shell functions are declared as follows: _f_n_a_m_e () _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] ffuunnccttiioonn _f_n_a_m_e [()] _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] This defines a function named _f_n_a_m_e. The reserved word ffuunnccttiioonn - is optional. If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is supplied, the - parentheses are optional. The _b_o_d_y of the function is the com- - pound command _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above). - That command is usually a _l_i_s_t of commands between { and }, but + is optional. If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is supplied, the + parentheses are optional. The _b_o_d_y of the function is the com- + pound command _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above). + That command is usually a _l_i_s_t of commands between { and }, but may be any command listed under CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above. If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is used, but the parentheses are not sup- plied, the braces are recommended. _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed - whenever _f_n_a_m_e is specified as the name of a simple command. + whenever _f_n_a_m_e is specified as the name of a simple command. When in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, _f_n_a_m_e must be a valid shell _n_a_m_e and may not - be the name of one of the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l _b_u_i_l_t_i_n_s. In default - mode, a function name can be any unquoted shell word that does - not contain $$. Any redirections (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below) speci- - fied when a function is defined are performed when the function - is executed. The exit status of a function definition is zero - unless a syntax error occurs or a readonly function with the - same name already exists. When executed, the exit status of a - function is the exit status of the last command executed in the + be the name of one of the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l _b_u_i_l_t_i_n_s. In default + mode, a function name can be any unquoted shell word that does + not contain $$. Any redirections (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below) speci- + fied when a function is defined are performed when the function + is executed. The exit status of a function definition is zero + unless a syntax error occurs or a readonly function with the + same name already exists. When executed, the exit status of a + function is the exit status of the last command executed in the body. (See FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below.) CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the iinntteerr-- - aaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option to the sshhoopptt builtin is enabled (see SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), a word beginning with ## causes that word and - all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive - shell without the iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option enabled does not allow + aaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option to the sshhoopptt builtin is enabled (see SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), a word beginning with ## causes that word and + all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive + shell without the iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option enabled does not allow comments. The iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option is on by default in interac- tive shells. QQUUOOTTIINNGG - _Q_u_o_t_i_n_g is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or - words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment + _Q_u_o_t_i_n_g is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or + words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent parameter expansion. - Each of the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above under DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS has special + Each of the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above under DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself. - When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see HHIISS-- + When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see HHIISS-- TTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below), the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, usually !!, must be quoted to prevent history expansion. - There are three quoting mechanisms: the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r, single + There are three quoting mechanisms: the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r, single quotes, and double quotes. - A non-quoted backslash (\\) is the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r. It preserves the + A non-quoted backslash (\\) is the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r. It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of - . If a \\ pair appears, and the backslash is not it- + . If a \\ pair appears, and the backslash is not it- self quoted, the \\ is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored). - Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of + Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash. - Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of - all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $$, ``, \\, and, + Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of + all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $$, ``, \\, and, when history expansion is enabled, !!. When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, - the !! has no special meaning within double quotes, even when history - expansion is enabled. The characters $$ and `` retain their special - meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its special mean- - ing only when followed by one of the following characters: $$, ``, "", \\, - or <>. A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by - preceding it with a backslash. If enabled, history expansion will be - performed unless an !! appearing in double quotes is escaped using a + the !! has no special meaning within double quotes, even when history + expansion is enabled. The characters $$ and `` retain their special + meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its special mean- + ing only when followed by one of the following characters: $$, ``, "", \\, + or <>. A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by + preceding it with a backslash. If enabled, history expansion will be + performed unless an !! appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash. The backslash preceding the !! is not removed. - The special parameters ** and @@ have special meaning when in double + The special parameters ** and @@ have special meaning when in double quotes (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS below). - Character sequences of the form $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' are treated as a special - variant of single quotes. The sequence expands to _s_t_r_i_n_g, with back- - slash-escaped characters in _s_t_r_i_n_g replaced as specified by the ANSI C - standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as fol- + Character sequences of the form $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' are treated as a special + variant of single quotes. The sequence expands to _s_t_r_i_n_g, with back- + slash-escaped characters in _s_t_r_i_n_g replaced as specified by the ANSI C + standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as fol- lows: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -660,285 +661,285 @@ QQUUOOTTIINNGG \\'' single quote \\"" double quote \\?? question mark - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) \\cc_x a control-_x character - The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not + The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present. A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($$"_s_t_r_i_n_g") will cause - the string to be translated according to the current locale. The _g_e_t_- - _t_e_x_t infrastructure performs the lookup and translation, using the - LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS, TTEEXXTTDDOOMMAAIINNDDIIRR, and TTEEXXTTDDOOMMAAIINN shell variables. If the - current locale is CC or PPOOSSIIXX, if there are no translations available, - or if the string is not translated, the dollar sign is ignored. This + the string to be translated according to the current locale. The _g_e_t_- + _t_e_x_t infrastructure performs the lookup and translation, using the + LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS, TTEEXXTTDDOOMMAAIINNDDIIRR, and TTEEXXTTDDOOMMAAIINN shell variables. If the + current locale is CC or PPOOSSIIXX, if there are no translations available, + or if the string is not translated, the dollar sign is ignored. This is a form of double quoting, so the string remains double-quoted by de- - fault, whether or not it is translated and replaced. If the nnooeexx-- - ppaanndd__ttrraannssllaattiioonn option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, translated - strings are single-quoted instead of double-quoted. See the descrip- + fault, whether or not it is translated and replaced. If the nnooeexx-- + ppaanndd__ttrraannssllaattiioonn option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, translated + strings are single-quoted instead of double-quoted. See the descrip- tion of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS. PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS - A _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values. It can be a _n_a_m_e, a num- - ber, or one of the special characters listed below under SSppeecciiaall PPaarraa-- + A _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values. It can be a _n_a_m_e, a num- + ber, or one of the special characters listed below under SSppeecciiaall PPaarraa-- mmeetteerrss. A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e is a parameter denoted by a _n_a_m_e. A variable has a - _v_a_l_u_e and zero or more _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s. Attributes are assigned using the + _v_a_l_u_e and zero or more _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s. Attributes are assigned using the ddeeccllaarree builtin command (see ddeeccllaarree below in SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS). A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is - a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using + a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using the uunnsseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e may be assigned to by a statement of the form _n_a_m_e=[_v_a_l_u_e] - If _v_a_l_u_e is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All - _v_a_l_u_e_s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see EEXXPPAANN-- + If _v_a_l_u_e is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All + _v_a_l_u_e_s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com- + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see EEXXPPAANN-- SSIIOONN below). If the variable has its iinntteeggeerr attribute set, then _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $$((((...)))) expansion is not used (see AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn below). Word splitting and path- - name expansion are not performed. Assignment statements may also ap- + name expansion are not performed. Assignment statements may also ap- pear as arguments to the aalliiaass, ddeeccllaarree, ttyyppeesseett, eexxppoorrtt, rreeaaddoonnllyy, and - llooccaall builtin commands (_d_e_c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands). When in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, - these builtins may appear in a command after one or more instances of + llooccaall builtin commands (_d_e_c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands). When in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, + these builtins may appear in a command after one or more instances of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin and retain these assignment statement properties. - In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a + In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to - or add to the variable's previous value. This includes arguments to + or add to the variable's previous value. This includes arguments to builtin commands such as ddeeccllaarree that accept assignment statements (_d_e_- - _c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands). When += is applied to a variable for which the + _c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands). When += is applied to a variable for which the iinntteeggeerr attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated as an arithmetic ex- pression and added to the variable's current value, which is also eval- - uated. When += is applied to an array variable using compound assign- - ment (see AArrrraayyss below), the variable's value is not unset (as it is - when using =), and new values are appended to the array beginning at - one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays) or - added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array. When ap- - plied to a string-valued variable, _v_a_l_u_e is expanded and appended to + uated. When += is applied to an array variable using compound assign- + ment (see AArrrraayyss below), the variable's value is not unset (as it is + when using =), and new values are appended to the array beginning at + one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays) or + added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array. When ap- + plied to a string-valued variable, _v_a_l_u_e is expanded and appended to the variable's value. A variable can be assigned the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute using the --nn option to - the ddeeccllaarree or llooccaall builtin commands (see the descriptions of ddeeccllaarree - and llooccaall below) to create a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, or a reference to another vari- - able. This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly. Whenever - the nameref variable is referenced, assigned to, unset, or has its at- - tributes modified (other than using or changing the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute - itself), the operation is actually performed on the variable specified - by the nameref variable's value. A nameref is commonly used within + the ddeeccllaarree or llooccaall builtin commands (see the descriptions of ddeeccllaarree + and llooccaall below) to create a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, or a reference to another vari- + able. This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly. Whenever + the nameref variable is referenced, assigned to, unset, or has its at- + tributes modified (other than using or changing the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute + itself), the operation is actually performed on the variable specified + by the nameref variable's value. A nameref is commonly used within shell functions to refer to a variable whose name is passed as an argu- - ment to the function. For instance, if a variable name is passed to a + ment to the function. For instance, if a variable name is passed to a shell function as its first argument, running declare -n ref=$1 - inside the function creates a nameref variable rreeff whose value is the + inside the function creates a nameref variable rreeff whose value is the variable name passed as the first argument. References and assignments - to rreeff, and changes to its attributes, are treated as references, as- - signments, and attribute modifications to the variable whose name was - passed as $$11. If the control variable in a ffoorr loop has the nameref - attribute, the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a - name reference will be established for each word in the list, in turn, + to rreeff, and changes to its attributes, are treated as references, as- + signments, and attribute modifications to the variable whose name was + passed as $$11. If the control variable in a ffoorr loop has the nameref + attribute, the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a + name reference will be established for each word in the list, in turn, when the loop is executed. Array variables cannot be given the nnaammeerreeff - attribute. However, nameref variables can reference array variables - and subscripted array variables. Namerefs can be unset using the --nn - option to the uunnsseett builtin. Otherwise, if uunnsseett is executed with the - name of a nameref variable as an argument, the variable referenced by + attribute. However, nameref variables can reference array variables + and subscripted array variables. Namerefs can be unset using the --nn + option to the uunnsseett builtin. Otherwise, if uunnsseett is executed with the + name of a nameref variable as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref variable will be unset. PPoossiittiioonnaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - A _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, + A _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are assigned from - the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using - the sseett builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to - with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily + the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using + the sseett builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to + with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is + When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may + The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. - ** Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When + ** Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the expansion is not within double quotes, each positional para- - meter expands to a separate word. In contexts where it is per- - formed, those words are subject to further word splitting and - pathname expansion. When the expansion occurs within double + meter expands to a separate word. In contexts where it is per- + formed, those words are subject to further word splitting and + pathname expansion. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word with the value of each para- - meter separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special vari- - able. That is, ""$$**"" is equivalent to ""$$11_c$$22_c......"", where _c is + meter separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special vari- + able. That is, ""$$**"" is equivalent to ""$$11_c$$22_c......"", where _c is the first character of the value of the IIFFSS variable. If IIFFSS is - unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. If IIFFSS is null, + unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. If IIFFSS is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators. - @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. In - contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each - positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double - quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts - where word splitting is not performed, this expands to a single - word with each positional parameter separated by a space. When - the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter ex- - pands to a separate word. That is, ""$$@@"" is equivalent to - ""$$11"" ""$$22"" ...... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a - word, the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the - beginning part of the original word, and the expansion of the - last parameter is joined with the last part of the original - word. When there are no positional parameters, ""$$@@"" and $$@@ ex- + @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. In + contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each + positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double + quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts + where word splitting is not performed, this expands to a single + word with each positional parameter separated by a space. When + the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter ex- + pands to a separate word. That is, ""$$@@"" is equivalent to + ""$$11"" ""$$22"" ...... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a + word, the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the + beginning part of the original word, and the expansion of the + last parameter is joined with the last part of the original + word. When there are no positional parameters, ""$$@@"" and $$@@ ex- pand to nothing (i.e., they are removed). ## Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. - ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- + ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- ground pipeline. - -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- - tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell it- + -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- + tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell it- self (such as the --ii option). - $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a subshell, it ex- + $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a subshell, it ex- pands to the process ID of the current shell, not the subshell. - !! Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into - the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or + !! Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into + the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or using the bbgg builtin (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). - 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set + 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at shell initialization. If bbaasshh is invoked with a file of com- - mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started - with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after - the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is - set to the filename used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument + mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started + with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after + the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is + set to the filename used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument zero. SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess The following variables are set by the shell: - __ At shell startup, set to the pathname used to invoke the shell - or shell script being executed as passed in the environment or - argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last argument to - the previous simple command executed in the foreground, after - expansion. Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each - command executed and placed in the environment exported to that - command. When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of + __ At shell startup, set to the pathname used to invoke the shell + or shell script being executed as passed in the environment or + argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last argument to + the previous simple command executed in the foreground, after + expansion. Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each + command executed and placed in the environment exported to that + command. When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file currently being checked. - BBAASSHH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of + BBAASSHH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of bbaasshh. BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. BBAASSHHPPIIDD - Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This - differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells - that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. Assignments to - BBAASSHHPPIIDD have no effect. If BBAASSHHPPIIDD is unset, it loses its spe- + Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This + differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells + that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. Assignments to + BBAASSHHPPIIDD have no effect. If BBAASSHHPPIIDD is unset, it loses its spe- cial properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS - An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. - Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however, - unsetting array elements currently does not cause aliases to be + An associative array variable whose members correspond to the + internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. + Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however, + unsetting array elements currently does not cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. If BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC - An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in + An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each frame of the current bbaasshh execution call stack. The number - of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or - script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. - When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed + of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or + script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. + When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC. The shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC only when in extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg op- - tion to the sshhoopptt builtin below). Setting eexxttddeebbuugg after the + tion to the sshhoopptt builtin below). Setting eexxttddeebbuugg after the shell has started to execute a script, or referencing this vari- - able when eexxttddeebbuugg is not set, may result in inconsistent val- + able when eexxttddeebbuugg is not set, may result in inconsistent val- ues. Assignments to BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC have no effect, and it may not be unset. BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV - An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur- + An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur- rent bbaasshh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last - subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter + subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is exe- - cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV. The - shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see - the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin be- + cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV. The + shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see + the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin be- low). Setting eexxttddeebbuugg after the shell has started to execute a - script, or referencing this variable when eexxttddeebbuugg is not set, - may result in inconsistent values. Assignments to BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV + script, or referencing this variable when eexxttddeebbuugg is not set, + may result in inconsistent values. Assignments to BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV have no effect, and it may not be unset. BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 - When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell + When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or shell script (identical to $$00; see the description of special - parameter 0 above). Assignment to BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 causes the value - assigned to also be assigned to $$00. If BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 is unset, it + parameter 0 above). Assignment to BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 causes the value + assigned to also be assigned to $$00. If BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS - An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hhaasshh + An associative array variable whose members correspond to the + internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hhaasshh builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; - however, unsetting array elements currently does not cause com- - mand names to be removed from the hash table. If BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS is - unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + however, unsetting array elements currently does not cause com- + mand names to be removed from the hash table. If BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS is + unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD - The command currently being executed or about to be executed, + The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, - in which case it is the command executing at the time of the - trap. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD is unset, it loses its special proper- + in which case it is the command executing at the time of the + trap. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD is unset, it loses its special proper- ties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN__SSTTRRIINNGG The command argument to the --cc invocation option. BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO - An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source - files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. + An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source + files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}} is the line number in the source file ($${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}) where $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called (or - $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- - tion). Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the current line number. Assign- + $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- + tion). Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the current line number. Assign- ments to BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO have no effect, and it may not be unset. BBAASSHH__LLOOAADDAABBLLEESS__PPAATTHH - A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks - for dynamically loadable builtins specified by the eennaabbllee com- + A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks + for dynamically loadable builtins specified by the eennaabbllee com- mand. BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH - An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary - operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index - 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular ex- + An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary + operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index + 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular ex- pression. The element with index _n is the portion of the string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. BBAASSHH__MMOONNOOSSEECCOONNDDSS - Each time this variable is referenced, it expands to the value - returned by the system's monotonic clock, if one is available. - If there is no monotonic clock, this is equivalent to EEPPOOCCHHSSEECC-- - OONNDDSS. If BBAASSHH__MMOONNOOSSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special prop- + Each time this variable is referenced, it expands to the value + returned by the system's monotonic clock, if one is available. + If there is no monotonic clock, this is equivalent to EEPPOOCCHHSSEECC-- + OONNDDSS. If BBAASSHH__MMOONNOOSSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special prop- erties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE - An array variable whose members are the source filenames where - the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array + An array variable whose members are the source filenames where + the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array variable are defined. The shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is de- - fined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from - $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}. Assignments to BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE have no ef- + fined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from + $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}. Assignments to BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE have no ef- fect, and it may not be unset. BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL - Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment - when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini- - tial value is 0. If BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL is unset, it loses its spe- + Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment + when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini- + tial value is 0. If BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL is unset, it loses its spe- cial properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__TTRRAAPPSSIIGG - Set to the signal number corresponding to the trap action being - executed during its execution. See the description of ttrraapp un- - der SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below for information about signal + Set to the signal number corresponding to the trap action being + executed during its execution. See the description of ttrraapp un- + der SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below for information about signal numbers and trap execution. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO A readonly array variable whose members hold version information - for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array + for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array members are as follows: BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]] The major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]] The minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n). @@ -947,94 +948,94 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[4]] The release status (e.g., _b_e_t_a). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[5]] The value of MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIIOONN - Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of + Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of bbaasshh. CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current + An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the cur- rent completion function. CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE - The current command line. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma- - ble completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). - CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT - The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- - ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is - at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is - equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma- - ble completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). - CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE - Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion - attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, - for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- - sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- - tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or - _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in + The current command line. This variable is available only in shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma- ble completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). + CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT + The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- + ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is + at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is + equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma- + ble completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). + CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE + Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion + attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, + for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- + sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- + tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or + _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma- + ble completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word - separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word + separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS + is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- - ual words in the current command line. The line is split into - words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as de- - scribed above. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- + ual words in the current command line. The line is split into + words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as de- + scribed above. This variable is available only in shell func- + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). - CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file - descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess + CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file + descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see CCoopprroocceesssseess above). DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing the current con- - tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack - in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning + tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack + in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo- - ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must + ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari- - able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is un- + able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is un- set, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number - of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)) as a floating + of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)) as a floating point value with micro-second granularity. Assignments to - EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE is unset, it loses + EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number - of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)). Assignments to - EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses + of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)). Assignments to + EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. - EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- + EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE - An array variable containing the names of all shell functions + An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot- - tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". - This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. - Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, - it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently re- + tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". + This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. + Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, + it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently re- set. - This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. - Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in + This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. + Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For in- - stance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file - $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The + stance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file + $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The ccaalllleerr builtin displays the current call stack using this infor- mation. - GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the + GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect. - If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it + If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHIISSTTCCMMDD The history number, or index in the history list, of the current @@ -1044,44 +1045,44 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS HHOOSSTTNNAAMMEE Automatically set to the name of the current host. HHOOSSTTTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type - of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- + Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type + of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- dependent. - LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a - decimal number representing the current sequential line number - (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a - script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to + LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a + decimal number representing the current sequential line number + (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a + script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful. If LLIINNEENNOO is unset, it loses its special proper- ties, even if it is subsequently reset. MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system - type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- + Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system + type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- _p_a_n_y_-_s_y_s_t_e_m format. The default is system-dependent. MMAAPPFFIILLEE - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text read by the mmaappffiillee builtin when no variable name is supplied. OOLLDDPPWWDD The previous working directory as set by the ccdd command. - OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- - tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- + OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- + tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- dent. PPIIPPEESSTTAATTUUSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit - status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit + status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command). - PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- + PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- only. PPWWDD The current working directory as set by the ccdd command. - RRAANNDDOOMM Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to a random - integer between 0 and 32767. Assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM ini- - tializes (seeds) the sequence of random numbers. If RRAANNDDOOMM is - unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + RRAANNDDOOMM Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to a random + integer between 0 and 32767. Assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM ini- + tializes (seeds) the sequence of random numbers. If RRAANNDDOOMM is + unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. RREEAADDLLIINNEE__AARRGGUUMMEENNTT - Any numeric argument given to a readline command that was de- + Any numeric argument given to a readline command that was de- fined using "bind -x" (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) when it was invoked. RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE @@ -1089,38 +1090,38 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RREEAADDLLIINNEE__MMAARRKK The position of the mark (saved insertion point) in the rreeaaddlliinnee - line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS + line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The characters between the insertion point and the mark are often called the _r_e_g_i_o_n. RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT The position of the insertion point in the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when + RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when no arguments are supplied. SSEECCOONNDDSS Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number - of seconds since shell invocation. If a value is assigned to - SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the - number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. - The number of seconds at shell invocation and the current time - are always determined by querying the system clock. If SSEECCOONNDDSS - is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + of seconds since shell invocation. If a value is assigned to + SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the + number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. + The number of seconds at shell invocation and the current time + are always determined by querying the system clock. If SSEECCOONNDDSS + is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. SSHHLLVVLL Incremented by one each time an instance of bbaasshh is started. SSRRAANNDDOOMM This variable expands to a 32-bit pseudo-random number each time - it is referenced. The random number generator is not linear on - systems that support _/_d_e_v_/_u_r_a_n_d_o_m or _a_r_c_4_r_a_n_d_o_m(3), so each re- - turned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it. - The random number generator cannot be seeded, so assignments to + it is referenced. The random number generator is not linear on + systems that support _/_d_e_v_/_u_r_a_n_d_o_m or _a_r_c_4_r_a_n_d_o_m(3), so each re- + turned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it. + The random number generator cannot be seeded, so assignments to this variable have no effect. If SSRRAANNDDOOMM is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. UUIIDD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell @@ -1130,298 +1131,298 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS signs a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below. BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT - The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See - SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE below for a description of the various + The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See + SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE below for a description of the various compatibility levels and their effects. The value may be a dec- - imal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding - to the desired compatibility level. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is unset or - set to the empty string, the compatibility level is set to the - default for the current version. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is set to a - value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the - shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility level - to the default for the current version. A subset of the valid - values correspond to the compatibility levels described below - under SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE. For example, 4.2 and 42 are - valid values that correspond to the ccoommppaatt4422 sshhoopptt option and - set the compatibility level to 42. The current version is also + imal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding + to the desired compatibility level. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is unset or + set to the empty string, the compatibility level is set to the + default for the current version. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is set to a + value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the + shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility level + to the default for the current version. A subset of the valid + values correspond to the compatibility levels described below + under SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE. For example, 4.2 and 42 are + valid values that correspond to the ccoommppaatt4422 sshhoopptt option and + set the compatibility level to 42. The current version is also a valid value. BBAASSHH__EENNVV - If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, - its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to + If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, + its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to initialize the shell, as in _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c. The value of BBAASSHH__EENNVV is - subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and - arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename. + subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and + arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename. PPAATTHH is not used to search for the resultant filename. BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD - If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, - bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when "set -x" is en- - abled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed - when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting - BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace - output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting + If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, + bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when "set -x" is en- + abled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed + when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting + BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace + output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. - CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated + CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for destination di- - rectories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is + rectories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is ".:~:/usr". CCHHIILLDD__MMAAXX - Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to - remember. BBaasshh will not allow this value to be decreased below - a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur- - rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is + Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to + remember. BBaasshh will not allow this value to be decreased below + a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur- + rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is system-dependent. CCOOLLUUMMNNSS - Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal - width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the - cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon + Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal + width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the + cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY An array variable from which bbaasshh reads the possible completions - generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- - pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). Each ar- + generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- + pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). Each ar- ray element contains one possible completion. - EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell - starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in + EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell + starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. - EENNVV Expanded and executed similarly to BBAASSHH__EENNVV (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN + EENNVV Expanded and executed similarly to BBAASSHH__EENNVV (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above) when an interactive shell is invoked in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e. EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg) - defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search - using PPAATTHH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat- - terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of + A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg) + defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search + using PPAATTHH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat- + terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of completion and command execution via PPAATTHH lookup. This does not affect the behavior of the [[, tteesstt, and [[[[ commands. Full path- - names in the command hash table are not subject to EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE. - Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the - executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern + names in the command hash table are not subject to EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE. + Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the + executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. FFCCEEDDIITT The default editor for the ffcc builtin command. FFIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing + A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). A filename whose suf- - fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the + fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~". FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT - If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum - function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this + If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum + function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level will cause the current command to abort. GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file - names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name - matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the + A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file + names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name + matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE, it is removed from the list of matches. GGLLOOBBSSOORRTT - Control how the results of pathname expansion are sorted. The - value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort or- - der for the results of pathname expansion. If this variable is - unset or set to the null string, pathname expansion uses the - historical behavior of sorting by name. If set, a valid value - begins with an optional _+, which is ignored, or _-, which re- - verses the sort order from ascending to descending, followed by - a sort specifier. The valid sort specifiers are _n_a_m_e, _s_i_z_e, - _m_t_i_m_e, _a_t_i_m_e, _c_t_i_m_e, and _b_l_o_c_k_s, which sort the files on name, - file size, modification time, access time, inode change time, - and number of blocks, respectively. For example, a value of - _-_m_t_i_m_e sorts the results in descending order by modification - time (newest first). A sort specifier of _n_o_s_o_r_t disables sort- - ing completely; the results are returned in the order they are - read from the file system,. If the sort specifier is missing, - it defaults to _n_a_m_e, so a value of _+ is equivalent to the null + Control how the results of pathname expansion are sorted. The + value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort or- + der for the results of pathname expansion. If this variable is + unset or set to the null string, pathname expansion uses the + historical behavior of sorting by name. If set, a valid value + begins with an optional _+, which is ignored, or _-, which re- + verses the sort order from ascending to descending, followed by + a sort specifier. The valid sort specifiers are _n_a_m_e, _s_i_z_e, + _m_t_i_m_e, _a_t_i_m_e, _c_t_i_m_e, and _b_l_o_c_k_s, which sort the files on name, + file size, modification time, access time, inode change time, + and number of blocks, respectively. For example, a value of + _-_m_t_i_m_e sorts the results in descending order by modification + time (newest first). A sort specifier of _n_o_s_o_r_t disables sort- + ing completely; the results are returned in the order they are + read from the file system,. If the sort specifier is missing, + it defaults to _n_a_m_e, so a value of _+ is equivalent to the null string, and a value of _- sorts by name in descending order. Any invalid value restores the historical sorting behavior. HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL - A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are - saved on the history list. If the list of values includes - _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not - saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines + A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are + saved on the history list. If the list of values includes + _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not + saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h is shorthand for _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e and _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s. A value of _e_r_a_s_e_d_u_p_s causes all previous lines matching the current line - to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. - Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is - unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the + to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. + Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is + unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value - of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line - compound command are not tested, and are added to the history + of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line + compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. HHIISSTTFFIILLEE The name of the file in which command history is saved (see HHIISS-- - TTOORRYY below). BBaasshh assigns a default value of _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. - If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, the command history is not saved + TTOORRYY below). BBaasshh assigns a default value of _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. + If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, the command history is not saved when a shell exits. HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When - this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- - cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of - lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also - truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If - the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size. - Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit - truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of + this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- + cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of + lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also + truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If + the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size. + Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit + truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE after reading any startup files. HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command - lines should be saved on the history list. If a command line - matches one of the patterns in the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE, it is - not saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the - beginning of the line and must match the complete line (bbaasshh - will not implicitly append a "**"). Each pattern is tested - against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL are + A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command + lines should be saved on the history list. If a command line + matches one of the patterns in the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE, it is + not saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the + beginning of the line and must match the complete line (bbaasshh + will not implicitly append a "**"). Each pattern is tested + against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching char- acters, "&&" matches the previous history line. A backslash will - escape the "&&"; the backslash is removed before attempting a + escape the "&&"; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound - command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless - of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The pattern matching honors the + command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless + of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - The number of commands to remember in the command history (see - HHIISSTTOORRYY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in + The number of commands to remember in the command history (see + HHIISSTTOORRYY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list. Numeric values less than zero result in every - command being saved on the history list (there is no limit). - The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any + command being saved on the history list (there is no limit). + The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files. HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a + If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to print the time stamp associated - with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If - this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history - file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses - the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from + with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If + this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history + file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. HHOOMMEE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the ccdd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion. HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE - Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s + Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. - The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while - the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is at- - tempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of - the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has - no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to - read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- + The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while + the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is at- + tempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of + the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has + no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to + read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- tions. When HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is unset, the hostname list is cleared. IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting af- - ter expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd + ter expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd builtin command. The default value is "". IIGGNNOORREEEEOOFF Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an EEOOFF character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of - consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first - characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable - exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the - default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the + consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first + characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable + exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the + default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the end of input to the shell. IINNPPUUTTRRCC - The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the de- + The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the de- fault of _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). IINNSSIIDDEE__EEMMAACCSS - If this variable appears in the environment when the shell - starts, bbaasshh assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell - buffer and may disable line editing, depending on the value of + If this variable appears in the environment when the shell + starts, bbaasshh assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell + buffer and may disable line editing, depending on the value of TTEERRMM. - LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not + LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with LLCC__. - LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ + LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ variable specifying a locale category. LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE - This variable determines the collation order used when sorting - the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior - of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating se- + This variable determines the collation order used when sorting + the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior + of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating se- quences within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE - This variable determines the interpretation of characters and - the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and + This variable determines the interpretation of characters and + the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS - This variable determines the locale used to translate double- + This variable determines the locale used to translate double- quoted strings preceded by a $$. LLCC__NNUUMMEERRIICC - This variable determines the locale category used for number + This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. LLCC__TTIIMMEE - This variable determines the locale category used for data and + This variable determines the locale category used for data and time formatting. - LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column - length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the - cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon + LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column + length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the + cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. - MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the - MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the ar- + MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the + MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the ar- rival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format directory. MMAAIILLCCHHEECCKK - Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The de- - fault is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the - shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this - variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number + Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The de- + fault is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the + shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this + variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. MMAAIILLPPAATTHH A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail. The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may - be specified by separating the filename from the message with a - "?". When used in the text of the message, $$__ expands to the + be specified by separating the filename from the message with a + "?". When used in the text of the message, $$__ expands to the name of the current mailfile. Example: MMAAIILLPPAATTHH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"' - BBaasshh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari- - able (there is no value by default), but the location of the + BBaasshh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari- + able (there is no value by default), but the location of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/$$UUSSEERR). OOPPTTEERRRR If set to the value 1, bbaasshh displays error messages generated by - the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a + the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). + OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell script is executed. - PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of - directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD - EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the + PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of + directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD + EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of PPAATTHH indicates the current directory. A null directory - name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or - trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is + name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or + trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is "/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin". PPOOSSIIXXLLYY__CCOORRRREECCTT - If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the - shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if - the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set - while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the + If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the + shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if + the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set + while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the command "set -o posix" had been executed. When the shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it sets this variable if it was not already set. PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD - If this variable is set, and is an array, the value of each set - element is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary - prompt. If this is set but not an array variable, its value is + If this variable is set, and is an array, the value of each set + element is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary + prompt. If this is set but not an array variable, its value is used as a command to execute instead. PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM - If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the + If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding - the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). + the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis. - PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and + PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and before the command is executed. - PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is + PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is "\s-\v\$ ". - PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as + PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is "> ". PPSS33 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the sseelleecctt command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). - PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the + PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an ex- ecution trace. The first character of the expanded value of PPSS44 is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection. The default is "+ ". - SSHHEELLLL This variable expands to the full pathname to the shell. If it - is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to it the full + SSHHEELLLL This variable expands to the full pathname to the shell. If it + is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- - ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the - ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- - duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or - other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are + The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- + ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the + ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- + duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or + other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the brackets denote optional portions. %%%% A literal %%. %%[[_p]][[ll]]RR The elapsed time in seconds. @@ -1429,78 +1430,78 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS %%[[_p]][[ll]]SS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode. %%PP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R. - The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number + The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes - no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most six places - after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater - than 6 are changed to 6. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is + no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most six places + after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater + than 6 are changed to 6. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is used. - The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of - the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not + The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of + the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not the fraction is included. - If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value - $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, - bbaasshh does not display any timing information. A trailing new- + If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value + $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, + bbaasshh does not display any timing information. A trailing new- line is added when the format string is displayed. TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the de- - fault timeout for the rreeaadd builtin. The sseelleecctt command termi- + fault timeout for the rreeaadd builtin. The sseelleecctt command termi- nates if input does not arrive after TTMMOOUUTT seconds when input is - coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is + coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting - for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not + for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arrive. - TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which + TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which bbaasshh creates temporary files for the shell's use. aauuttoo__rreessuummee This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and - job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- + job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump- tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; - if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, - the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a - stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start - it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match - the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the - string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a - stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- - gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set - to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a + if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, + the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a + stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start + it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match + the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the + string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a + stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- + gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set + to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the %%_s_t_r_i_n_g job identifier. hhiissttcchhaarrss - The two or three characters which control history expansion and + The two or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). The first character - is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals - the start of a history expansion, normally "!!". The second - character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as - shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- + is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals + the start of a history expansion, normally "!!". The second + character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as + shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- tuting one string for another in the command, when it appears as - the first character on the line. The default is "^^". The op- + the first character on the line. The default is "^^". The op- tional third character is the character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first char- - acter of a word, normally "##". The history comment character - causes history substitution to be skipped for the remaining - words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell + acter of a word, normally "##". The history comment character + causes history substitution to be skipped for the remaining + words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. AArrrraayyss - BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. - Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will - explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of - an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- - tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including + BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. + Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will + explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of + an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- + tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are ref- erenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers. - An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned + An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly - declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- + declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- + MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- _s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. Associative arrays are created using ddeeccllaarree --AA _n_a_m_e. @@ -1508,94 +1509,94 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the ddeeccllaarree and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. - Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form - _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e may be of the form [_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but - _s_t_r_i_n_g. Each _v_a_l_u_e in the list is expanded using the shell expansions + Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form + _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e may be of the form [_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but + _s_t_r_i_n_g. Each _v_a_l_u_e in the list is expanded using the shell expansions described below under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN, but _v_a_l_u_es that are valid variable as- signments including the brackets and subscript do not undergo brace ex- - pansion and word splitting, as with individual variable assignments. - When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and sub- - script are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index of - the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement + pansion and word splitting, as with individual variable assignments. + When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and sub- + script are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index of + the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero. When assigning to an associative array, the words in a compound assign- - ment may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is - required, or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of al- - ternating keys and values: _n_a_m_e=(( _k_e_y_1 _v_a_l_u_e_1 _k_e_y_2 _v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)). These - are treated identically to _n_a_m_e=(( [_k_e_y_1]=_v_a_l_u_e_1 [_k_e_y_2]=_v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)). - The first word in the list determines how the remaining words are in- - terpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type. When - using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty; a final + ment may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is + required, or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of al- + ternating keys and values: _n_a_m_e=(( _k_e_y_1 _v_a_l_u_e_1 _k_e_y_2 _v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)). These + are treated identically to _n_a_m_e=(( [_k_e_y_1]=_v_a_l_u_e_1 [_k_e_y_2]=_v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)). + The first word in the list determines how the remaining words are in- + terpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type. When + using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty; a final missing value is treated like the empty string. - This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array - elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax in- - troduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- - scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative - to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices + This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array + elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax in- + troduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- + scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative + to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. - The += operator will append to an array variable when assigning using + The += operator will append to an array variable when assigning using the compound assignment syntax; see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS above. - Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If - _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e, unless - noted in the description of a builtin or word expansion. These sub- + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e, unless + noted in the description of a builtin or word expansion. These sub- scripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the - word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the - value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS + word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the + value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable, and ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands each element of _n_a_m_e to a sep- - arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to - nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the ex- + arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to + nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the ex- pansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the - original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with + original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the expansion - of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss above). - ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If + of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss above). + ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of elements in the ar- ray. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of an indexed array - evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to - one greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices + evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to + one greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref- - erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable + erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable using a valid subscript is valid, and bbaasshh will create an array if nec- essary. - An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a + An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. - It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the - values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in + It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the + values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in array variable _n_a_m_e. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to the expansion of the special parameters _@ and _* within double quotes. The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] de- stroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t, for both indexed and asso- - ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted - as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable - does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, re- + ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted + as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable + does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, re- moves the entire array. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, behaves differently depending on whether _n_a_m_e is an indexed or asso- - ciative array. If _n_a_m_e is an associative array, this unsets the ele- + ciative array. If _n_a_m_e is an associative array, this unsets the ele- ment with subscript ** or @@. If _n_a_m_e is an indexed array, unset removes all of the elements but does not remove the array itself. - When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- - mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax de- + When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- + mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax de- scribed above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If path- name expansion is not desired, the argument should be quoted. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative ar- - ray. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd - builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative ar- + ray. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd + builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. @@ -1606,63 +1607,63 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN _m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, and _q_u_o_t_e _r_e_m_o_v_a_l. The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter - and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution - (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; pathname expansion; + and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution + (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; pathname expansion; and quote removal. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- - able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as - tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- + able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as + tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- stitution. - _Q_u_o_t_e _r_e_m_o_v_a_l is always performed last. It removes quote characters - present in the original word, not ones resulting from one of the other + _Q_u_o_t_e _r_e_m_o_v_a_l is always performed last. It removes quote characters + present in the original word, not ones resulting from one of the other expansions, unless they have been quoted themselves. - Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in- - crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a - single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex- + Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in- + crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a + single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex- pansions of ""$$@@"" and ""$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}"", and, in most cases, $$** and $${{_n_a_m_e[[**]]}} as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into "ade ace abe". - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single letters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, is + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single letters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each - number between _x and _y, inclusive. If the supplied integers are pre- - fixed with _0, each term will have the same width, zero-padding if nec- - essary. When either _x or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to - force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero- + number between _x and _y, inclusive. If the supplied integers are pre- + fixed with _0, each term will have the same width, zero-padding if nec- + essary. When either _x or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to + force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero- padding where necessary. When letters are supplied, the expression ex- - pands to each character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, + pands to each character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same - type (integer or letter). When the increment is supplied, it is used - as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 + type (integer or letter). When the increment is supplied, it is used + as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence ex- pression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A - {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing }}. @@ -1673,36 +1674,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character ("~~"), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character ("~~"), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a "~+", the value of the shell variable PPWWDD re- - places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a "~-", the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a "+" or a "-", the tilde-prefix is replaced + If the tilde-prefix is a "~+", the value of the shell variable PPWWDD re- + places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a "~-", the value of + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a "+" or a "-", the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading "+" or "-", "+" is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1711,140 +1712,140 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in as- - signments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the ex- + signments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the ex- panded value. - BBaasshh also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions + BBaasshh also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions of variable assignments (as described above under PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) when they - appear as arguments to simple commands. BBaasshh does not do this, except + appear as arguments to simple commands. BBaasshh does not do this, except for the _d_e_c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands listed above, when in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e. PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The "$$" character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, - or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded - may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the - variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which + or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded + may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the + variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. - When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first "}}" not + When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first "}}" not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an em- - bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan- + bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan- sion. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required - when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one + The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required + when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. The _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a shell - parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference + parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference (AArrrraayyss). - If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and + If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of indirection. BBaasshh uses the value formed by expanding the rest of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the new _p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of - the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of + the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The value is subject to tilde ex- - pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex- - pansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this expands to the name of the - parameter referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete - indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of - ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point - must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- + pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex- + pansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this expands to the name of the + parameter referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete + indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of + ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point + must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- tion. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented be- - low (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. - Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un- + low (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. + Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un- set. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::--_w_o_r_d} - UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- + sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::==_w_o_r_d} - AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the ex- - pansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_- - _t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa- + AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the ex- + pansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_- + _t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa- rameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::??_w_o_r_d} - DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, - the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is - not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if + DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, + the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is + not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::++_w_o_r_d} - UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is + UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- - _s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, an indexed array subscripted by @@ - or **, or an associative array name, the results differ as de- - scribed below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- + _s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, an indexed array subscripted by @@ + or **, or an associative array name, the results differ as de- + scribed below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). - If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is + If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of _p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it is + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the value - of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the expan- - sion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. Note - that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at + of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the expan- + sion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. Note + that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expansion. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parame- - ters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative - to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parame- + ters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative + to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter (or 0 if - there are no positional parameters). It is an expansion error + there are no positional parameters). It is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with ${_p_a_r_a_- - _m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one + _m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces un- defined results. - Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- - ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de- - fault. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, + Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- + ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de- + fault. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is prefixed to the list. ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x@@} - NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose + NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with _p_r_e_f_i_x, separated by the first character of the - IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears - within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate + IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears + within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} - LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to - the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is - not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. - When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, + LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to + the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is + not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. + When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. ${##_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of _p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value sub- - stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of _p_a_- + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value sub- + stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substituted is the number of elements in the array. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed - array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in- - terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the end of the + array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in- + terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} @@ -1852,15 +1853,15 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r using the rules described under PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of - the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the - expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pattern - (the "#" case) or the longest matching pattern (the "##" case) - deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern removal operation - is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expan- - sion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable - subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation is ap- - plied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of + the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the + expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pattern + (the "#" case) or the longest matching pattern (the "##" case) + deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern removal operation + is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expan- + sion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable + subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation is ap- + plied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} @@ -1868,15 +1869,15 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r using the rules described under PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion - of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the ex- - pansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest - matching pattern (the "%" case) or the longest matching pattern - (the "%%" case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern - removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in - turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is - an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal - operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion + of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the ex- + pansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest + matching pattern (the "%" case) or the longest matching pattern + (the "%%" case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern + removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in + turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is + an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal + operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} @@ -1884,117 +1885,117 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//##_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//%%_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- - tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and - the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with - _s_t_r_i_n_g. _s_t_r_i_n_g undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and vari- - able expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process sub- - stitution, and quote removal. The match is performed using the + tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and + the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with + _s_t_r_i_n_g. _s_t_r_i_n_g undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and vari- + able expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process sub- + stitution, and quote removal. The match is performed using the rules described under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. In the first form - above, only the first match is replaced. If there are two + above, only the first match is replaced. If there are two slashes separating _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r and _p_a_t_t_e_r_n (the second form - above), all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. If - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is preceded by ## (the third form above), it must match + above), all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. If + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is preceded by ## (the third form above), it must match at the beginning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is preceded by %% (the fourth form above), it must match at the - end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If the expansion of - _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is + is preceded by %% (the fourth form above), it must match at the + end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If the expansion of + _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // following _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. - If the ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, - any unquoted instances of && in _s_t_r_i_n_g are replaced with the + If the ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, + any unquoted instances of && in _s_t_r_i_n_g are replaced with the matching portion of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. Quoting any part of _s_t_r_i_n_g inhibits replacement in the expansion - of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in - shell variables. Backslash will escape && in _s_t_r_i_n_g; the back- - slash is removed in order to permit a literal && in the replace- - ment string. Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash; - \\\\ results in a literal backslash in the replacement. Users - should take care if _s_t_r_i_n_g is double-quoted to avoid unwanted - interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since - backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern - substitution performs the check for unquoted && after expanding + of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in + shell variables. Backslash will escape && in _s_t_r_i_n_g; the back- + slash is removed in order to permit a literal && in the replace- + ment string. Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash; + \\\\ results in a literal backslash in the replacement. Users + should take care if _s_t_r_i_n_g is double-quoted to avoid unwanted + interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since + backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern + substitution performs the check for unquoted && after expanding _s_t_r_i_n_g; shell programmers should quote any occurrences of && they want to be taken literally in the replacement and ensure any in- stances of && they want to be replaced are unquoted. - If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is per- - formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. If - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to - each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the re- - sultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted - with @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to each mem- - ber of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is per- + formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. If + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to + each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the re- + sultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted + with @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to each mem- + ber of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} - CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- - betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- + CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- + betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in - the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, - if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern - should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ op- + the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, + if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern + should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ op- erator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to uppercase; the ,, operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. - The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the - expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only - the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- - ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied - to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the - resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted - with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each - member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the + expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only + the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- + ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied + to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the + resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted + with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each + member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r@@_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r} PPaarraammeetteerr ttrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn. The expansion is either a transforma- - tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a + tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a single letter: - UU The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper- + UU The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper- case. - uu The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + uu The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the first character converted to uppercase, if it is alphabetic. - LL The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower- + LL The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower- case. - QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r quoted in a format that can be reused as input. - EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the + EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the $$''...'' quoting mechanism. PP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as if it were a prompt string (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). - AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment - statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will + AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment + statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will recreate _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with its attributes and value. - KK Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of _p_a_r_a_- - _m_e_t_e_r, except that it prints the values of indexed and - associative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value + KK Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of _p_a_r_a_- + _m_e_t_e_r, except that it prints the values of indexed and + associative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs (see AArrrraayyss above). The keys and values are quoted in a format that can be reused as input. - aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- + aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- resenting _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r's attributes. - kk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val- - ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words + kk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val- + ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words after word splitting. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and + The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and pathname expansion as described below. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -2008,46 +2009,46 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in a subshell environ- ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are - not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- - mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but + not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- + mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - With the old-style backquote form of substitution, backslash retains - its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first - backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command substitu- - tion. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + With the old-style backquote form of substitution, backslash retains + its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first + backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command substitu- + tion. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. There is an alternate form of command substitution: $${{_c _c_o_m_m_a_n_d;;}} - which executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in the current execution environment and cap- + which executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in the current execution environment and cap- tures its output, again with trailing newlines removed. The character _c following the open brace must be a space, tab, newline, - or ||, and the close brace must be in a position where a reserved word - may appear (i.e., preceded by a command terminator such as semicolon). + or ||, and the close brace must be in a position where a reserved word + may appear (i.e., preceded by a command terminator such as semicolon). BBaasshh allows the close brace to be joined to the remaining characters in - the word without being followed by a shell metacharacter as a reserved + the word without being followed by a shell metacharacter as a reserved word would usually require. Any side effects of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d take effect immediately in the current exe- - cution environment and persist in the current environment after the + cution environment and persist in the current environment after the command completes (e.g., the eexxiitt builtin will exit the shell). - This type of command substitution superficially resembles executing an - unnamed shell function: local variables are created as when a shell - function is executing, and the rreettuurrnn builtin forces _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to com- - plete; however, the rest of the execution environment, including the + This type of command substitution superficially resembles executing an + unnamed shell function: local variables are created as when a shell + function is executing, and the rreettuurrnn builtin forces _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to com- + plete; however, the rest of the execution environment, including the positional parameters, is shared with the caller. - If the first character following the open brace is a ||, the construct - expands to the value of the RREEPPLLYY shell variable after _c_o_m_m_a_n_d exe- - cutes, without removing any trailing newlines, and the standard output - of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d remains the same as in the calling shell. BBaasshh creates RREE-- + If the first character following the open brace is a ||, the construct + expands to the value of the RREEPPLLYY shell variable after _c_o_m_m_a_n_d exe- + cutes, without removing any trailing newlines, and the standard output + of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d remains the same as in the calling shell. BBaasshh creates RREE-- PPLLYY as an initially-unset local variable when _c_o_m_m_a_n_d executes, and re- - stores RREEPPLLYY to the value it had before the command substitution after + stores RREEPPLLYY to the value it had before the command substitution after _c_o_m_m_a_n_d completes, as with any local variable. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted @@ -2057,157 +2058,157 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN word splitting and pathname expansion on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou- - ble quotes, but double quote characters in _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n are not treated - specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression undergo para- - meter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal. - The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated. + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou- + ble quotes, but double quote characters in _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n are not treated + specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression undergo para- + meter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal. + The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred - to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The - process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred + to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The + process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com- - mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, - writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form - is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the + mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, + writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form + is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. Process substitution is supported on systems that sup- port named pipes (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the - results of the other expansions into words using these characters as + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + results of the other expansions into words using these characters as field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly <><><>, the de- - fault, then sequences of ssppaaccee, ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee at the beginning and - end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any se- - quence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit - words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then sequences of - the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the - beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is - in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in - IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace - characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters + fault, then sequences of ssppaaccee, ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee at the beginning and + end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any se- + quence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit + words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then sequences of + the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the + beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is + in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in + IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace + characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. - If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. If IIFFSS is un- - set, word splitting behaves as if it contained the default value of + If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. If IIFFSS is un- + set, word splitting behaves as if it contained the default value of <><><>. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame- ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument re- sults and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. When - a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is - non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word "-d''" be- + a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is + non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word "-d''" be- comes "-d" after word splitting and null argument removal. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and - replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the - pattern (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are - found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left - unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, - the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no - matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not + replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the + pattern (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are + found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left + unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, + the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no + matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed. If the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is per- - formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a - pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character "." at the start - of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, - unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. In order to match the file- - names "." and "..", the pattern must begin with "." (for example, + formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a + pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character "." at the start + of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, + unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. In order to match the file- + names "." and "..", the pattern must begin with "." (for example, ".?"), even if ddoottgglloobb is set. If the gglloobbsskkiippddoottss shell option is en- - abled, the filenames "." and ".." never match, even if the pattern be- - gins with a "." When not matching pathnames, the "." character is not - treated specially. When matching a pathname, the slash character must - always be matched explicitly by a slash in the pattern, but in other - matching contexts it can be matched by a special pattern character as - described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg. See the description of sshhoopptt + abled, the filenames "." and ".." never match, even if the pattern be- + gins with a "." When not matching pathnames, the "." character is not + treated specially. When matching a pathname, the slash character must + always be matched explicitly by a slash in the pattern, but in other + matching contexts it can be matched by a special pattern character as + described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, gglloobbsskkiippddoottss, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file - names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file - name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed - from the list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the match- - ing against the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file + names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file + name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed + from the list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the match- + ing against the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to case. The filenames "." and ".." are always ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is - set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null value has + set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other filenames - beginning with a Q . will match. To get the old behavior of ignoring - filenames beginning with a ".", make ".*" one of the patterns in GGLLOO-- + beginning with a Q . will match. To get the old behavior of ignoring + filenames beginning with a ".", make ".*" one of the patterns in GGLLOO-- BBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. - The GGLLOOBBSSOORRTT variable controls how the results of pathname expansion + The GGLLOOBBSSOORRTT variable controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted, as described above. PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: - ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the - gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a - pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a - single pattern will match all files and zero or more di- - rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two - adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- + ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the + gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a + pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a + single pattern will match all files and zero or more di- + rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two + adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- ries. ?? Matches any single character. - [[...]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of - characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- - _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- + [[...]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of + characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- + _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating se- quence and character set, is matched. If the first char- - acter following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any character + acter following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of characters - in range expressions, and the characters included in the - range, are determined by the current locale and the val- - ues of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell variables, if set. + in range expressions, and the characters included in the + range, are determined by the current locale and the val- + ues of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell variables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpretation of range expres- - sions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to [[aabbccdd]], set value of - the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or enable the gglloobbaassccii-- + sions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to [[aabbccdd]], set value of + the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or enable the gglloobbaassccii-- iirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be matched by including it - as the first or last character in the set. A ]] may be - matched by including it as the first character in the + as the first or last character in the set. A ]] may be + matched by including it as the first character in the set. - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt A character class matches any character belonging to that @@ -2215,17 +2216,17 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN and the character _. Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified us- - ing the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with - the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo- + ing the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with + the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo- cale) as the character _c. Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat- ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l. - If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, the - shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the + If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, the + shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns - separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more + separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following sub-patterns: ??((_p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t)) @@ -2240,84 +2241,84 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Matches anything except one of the given patterns The eexxttgglloobb option changes the behavior of the parser, since the paren- - theses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning. To - ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make sure - that eexxttgglloobb is enabled before parsing constructs containing the pat- + theses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning. To + ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make sure + that eexxttgglloobb is enabled before parsing constructs containing the pat- terns, including shell functions and command substitutions. When matching filenames, the ddoottgglloobb shell option determines the set of - filenames that are tested: when ddoottgglloobb is enabled, the set of file- - names includes all files beginning with ".", but "." and ".." must be - matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot; when it is + filenames that are tested: when ddoottgglloobb is enabled, the set of file- + names includes all files beginning with ".", but "." and ".." must be + matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include any filenames beginning with "." un- - less the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ".". As above, "." only + less the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ".". As above, "." only has a special meaning when matching filenames. Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, es- pecially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings contain - multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or + multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be faster. QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. _R_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n allows - commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. _R_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n allows + commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and - writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the - current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- + writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the + current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may fol- - low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, + low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may + Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a - file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. - If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines - the file descriptor to close. If {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e} is supplied, the redirec- - tion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro- + file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. + If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines + the file descriptor to close. If {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e} is supplied, the redirec- + tion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro- grammer to manage the file descriptor's lifetime manually. The vvaarrrreeddiirr__cclloossee shell option manages this behavior. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the - redirection refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the + redirection refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde - expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- tions, as described in the following table. If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; - otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described + otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described below. //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d - If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- + If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- cated. //ddeevv//ssttddiinn File descriptor 0 is duplicated. @@ -2327,22 +2328,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN File descriptor 2 is duplicated. //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding TCP socket. //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding UDP socket. A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with - care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- + Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with + care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- nally. RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the + sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: @@ -2350,27 +2351,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex- - pansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the + Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex- + pansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file - does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero + does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d - If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett - builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose - name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. + If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett + builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose + name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and - the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the + the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the redirection is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists. AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re- + Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re- sults from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file de- - scriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not + scriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: @@ -2378,11 +2379,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>>>_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. - There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er- + There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er- ror: &&>>_w_o_r_d @@ -2394,13 +2395,13 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 - When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If - it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDee-- + When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If + it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDee-- ssccrriippttoorrss below) for compatibility reasons. AAppppeennddiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. The format for appending standard output and standard error is: @@ -2414,10 +2415,10 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below). HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss - This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the + This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until it reads a line containing only _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r (with no trailing blanks). All of the lines read up to that point are then used - as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a + as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a command. The format of here-documents is: @@ -2426,19 +2427,19 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r - No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic + No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any part of _w_o_r_d is quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote re- moval on _w_o_r_d, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If - _w_o_r_d is unquoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is _w_o_r_d itself, all lines of the here- - document are subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, + _w_o_r_d is unquoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is _w_o_r_d itself, all lines of the here- + document are subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the characters \\, $$, and ``. If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are - stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This al- - lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural + stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This al- + lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. HHeerree SSttrriinnggss @@ -2446,9 +2447,9 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<<<<<_w_o_r_d - The _w_o_r_d undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, - command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path- - name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is + The _w_o_r_d undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, + command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path- + name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on its standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified). @@ -2458,8 +2459,8 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file de- + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file de- scriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. @@ -2468,12 +2469,12 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is - closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand - to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are + closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand + to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. MMoovviinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss @@ -2481,7 +2482,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -2489,7 +2490,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -2497,30 +2498,30 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word that is in a posi- - tion in the input where it can be the first word of a simple command. - Aliases have names and corresponding values that are set and unset us- - ing the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word that is in a posi- + tion in the input where it can be the first word of a simple command. + Aliases have names and corresponding values that are set and unset us- + ing the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - If the shell reads an unquoted word in the right position, it checks - the word to see if it matches an alias name. If it matches, the shell - replaces the word with the alias value, and reads that value as if it + If the shell reads an unquoted word in the right position, it checks + the word to see if it matches an alias name. If it matches, the shell + replaces the word with the alias value, and reads that value as if it had been read instead of the word. The shell doesn't look at any char- acters following the word before attempting alias substitution. - The characters //, $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or - quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The - replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including shell - metacharacters. The first word of the replacement text is tested for + The characters //, $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or + quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The + replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including shell + metacharacters. The first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for - instance, and bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement + instance, and bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next com- @@ -2529,129 +2530,129 @@ AALLIIAASSEESS Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If arguments are needed, use a shell function (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input, and - all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the - commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded - when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias - definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take - effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following - the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. - This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases - are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function - is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a - consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af- - ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini- + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input, and + all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the + commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded + when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias + definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take + effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following + the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. + This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases + are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function + is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a + consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af- + ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini- tions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in- - terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in- + terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- tion while the function is executing. - All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be- - tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and - RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been - given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin - below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett - builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN - traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be- + tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell option has been enabled. - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin - command (_l_o_c_a_l _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s). Ordinarily, variables and their values are - shared between the function and its caller. If a variable is declared - llooccaall, the variable's visible scope is restricted to that function and + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + command (_l_o_c_a_l _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s). Ordinarily, variables and their values are + shared between the function and its caller. If a variable is declared + llooccaall, the variable's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children (including the functions it calls). In the following description, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _s_c_o_p_e is a currently- execut- ing function. Previous scopes consist of that function's caller and so - on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing any + on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing any shell function. Consequently, a local variable at the current scope is a variable declared using the llooccaall or ddeeccllaarree builtins in the function that is currently executing. - Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at pre- - vious scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function - hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments - refer to the local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified. + Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at pre- + vious scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function + hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments + refer to the local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global variable is once again visible. - The shell uses _d_y_n_a_m_i_c _s_c_o_p_i_n_g to control a variable's visibility - within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their - values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe- - cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a - function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether - that caller is the global scope or another shell function. This is + The shell uses _d_y_n_a_m_i_c _s_c_o_p_i_n_g to control a variable's visibility + within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their + values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe- + cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a + function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether + that caller is the global scope or another shell function. This is also the value that a local variable declaration shadows, and the value that is restored when the function returns. - For example, if a variable _v_a_r is declared as local in function _f_u_n_c_1, - and _f_u_n_c_1 calls another function _f_u_n_c_2, references to _v_a_r made from + For example, if a variable _v_a_r is declared as local in function _f_u_n_c_1, + and _f_u_n_c_1 calls another function _f_u_n_c_2, references to _v_a_r made from within _f_u_n_c_2 will resolve to the local variable _v_a_r from _f_u_n_c_1, shadow- ing any global variable named _v_a_r. The uunnsseett builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable is local to the current scope, uunnsseett will unset it; otherwise the unset - will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described - above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re- - main so (appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until - the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the + will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described + above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re- + main so (appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until + the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on - a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that - name that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how the lloo-- + a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that + name that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how the lloo-- ccaallvvaarr__uunnsseett shell option changes this behavior). - The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de- - fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex- + The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de- + fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex- ceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed be- - fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe- - cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe- + cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined with the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit - the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of re- cursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- pound command, and AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed- - width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is - trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, - associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- + width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is + trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, + associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence op- erators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. @@ -2680,57 +2681,57 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Integer constants follow the C language definition, without suffixes or character constants. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as oc- - tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num- - bers take the form [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal num- - ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a num- - ber in that base. If _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When + tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num- + bers take the form [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal num- + ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a num- + ber in that base. If _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, if a non-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are - represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, - in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up- - percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be- + represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, + in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up- + percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be- tween 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. The tteesstt and [[ commands determine their - behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. The tteesstt and [[ commands determine their + behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of those commands for any other command-specific actions. - Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries. - BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres- + Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries. + BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres- sions. If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running provides these - special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in- - ternally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in- + ternally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If - the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, - _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - When used with [[[[, or when the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the << and >> op- - erators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the - shell is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the tteesstt command sorts using ASCII order- + When used with [[[[, or when the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the << and >> op- + erators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the + shell is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the tteesstt command sorts using ASCII order- ing. --aa _f_i_l_e @@ -2769,34 +2770,34 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --LL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. --OO _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a - value). If _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable name sub- - scripted by _@ or _*, this returns true if the array has any set + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a + value). If _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable name sub- + scripted by _@ or _*, this returns true if the array has any set elements. If _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is an associative array variable name sub- - scripted by _@ or _*, this returns true if an element with that + scripted by _@ or _*, this returns true if an element with that key is set. --RR _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- ence. --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2806,8 +2807,8 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt - command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, + True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt + command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, this performs pattern matching as described above (CCoommppoouunndd CCoomm-- mmaannddss). @@ -2821,113 +2822,113 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive - or negative integers. When used with the [[[[ command, _A_r_g_1 and - _A_r_g_2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + or negative integers. When used with the [[[[ command, _A_r_g_1 and + _A_r_g_2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following ex- - pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the + pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the following order. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists - only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements - are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added - to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur- + shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists + only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements + are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added + to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur- rent shell environment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a - value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits + value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af- - fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af- + fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the shell performs the fol- + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the shell performs the fol- lowing actions. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to re- - member the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + member the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - in a separate execution environment with the original command and the - original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit - status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is + in a separate execution environment with the original command and the + original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit + status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit sta- tus of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a file containing shell commands, and the shell creates a new instance of - itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the + itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with - the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent - (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the + the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent + (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2935,282 +2936,282 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. A _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l is a copy of the shell process. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are re- - set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- + set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, subshells spawned to execute command - substitutions inherit the value of the --ee option from their parent - shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such sub- - shells. See the description of the iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt shell option below + When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, subshells spawned to execute command + substitutions inherit the value of the --ee option from their parent + shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such sub- + shells. See the description of the iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt shell option below for how to control this behavior when not in posix mode. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the de- + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the de- fault standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. Oth- - erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call- + erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call- ing shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in- - vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child - processes. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and - ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in- + vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child + processes. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and + ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, re- - placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ- ment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re- - turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re- + turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins - return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in- + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in- valid options or missing arguments. The exit status of the last command is available in the special parame- ter $?. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un- - less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un- + less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ig- nores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in ef- - fect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + fect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP us- + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP us- ing ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. - When job control is not enabled, and bbaasshh is waiting for a foreground + When job control is not enabled, and bbaasshh is waiting for a foreground command to complete, the shell receives keyboard-generated signals such - as SSIIGGIINNTT (usually generated by ^^CC) that users commonly intend to send + as SSIIGGIINNTT (usually generated by ^^CC) that users commonly intend to send to that command. This happens because the shell and the command are in - the same process group as the terminal, and ^^CC sends SSIIGGIINNTT to all + the same process group as the terminal, and ^^CC sends SSIIGGIINNTT to all processes in that process group. - When bbaasshh is running without job control enabled and receives SSIIGGIINNTT - while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground + When bbaasshh is running without job control enabled and receives SSIIGGIINNTT + while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground command terminates and then decides what to do about the SSIIGGIINNTT: 1. If the command terminates due to the SSIIGGIINNTT, bbaasshh concludes that - the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the SSIIGGIINNTT + the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the SSIIGGIINNTT (e.g., by running a SSIIGGIINNTT trap or exiting itself); - 2. If the command does not terminate due to SSIIGGIINNTT, the program - handled the SSIIGGIINNTT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig- - nal. In that case, bbaasshh does not treat SSIIGGIINNTT as a fatal sig- - nal, either, instead assuming that the SSIIGGIINNTT was used as part - of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort + 2. If the command does not terminate due to SSIIGGIINNTT, the program + handled the SSIIGGIINNTT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig- + nal. In that case, bbaasshh does not treat SSIIGGIINNTT as a fatal sig- + nal, either, instead assuming that the SSIIGGIINNTT was used as part + of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort editing commands) or deliberately discarded. However, bbaasshh will - run any trap set on SSIIGGIINNTT, as it does with any other trapped - signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com- + run any trap set on SSIIGGIINNTT, as it does with any other trapped + signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com- mand to complete, for compatibility. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the ex- - ecution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in- + ecution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in- terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal dri- ver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with "stty tostop", write to the terminal. + if the user so specifies with "stty tostop", write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when "tostop" - is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal by the + is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be re- - turned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + turned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped job whose command name be- - gins with ccee. If a prefix matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped job whose command name be- + gins with ccee. If a prefix matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the other hand, refers to any job containing the - string ccee in its command line. If the substring matches more than one + string ccee in its command line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was - in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may - be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was + in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may + be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with - a ++, and the previous job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying + a ++, and the previous job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for "fg %1", bringing job 1 from the background into the + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for "fg %1", bringing job 1 from the background into the foreground. Similarly, "%1 &" resumes job 1 in the background, equiva- lent to "bg %1". - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that ex- + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that ex- its. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. - When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, - and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes - state. The --ff option causes wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process ter- + When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, + and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes + state. The --ff option causes wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process ter- minates before returning. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it - reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as de- - scribed above before tracing each command when the --xx option is en- - abled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting - a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it + reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as de- + scribed above before tracing each command when the --xx option is en- + abled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting + a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is in- serted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in - a locale-specific time representation. The braces are + a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) \\hh the hostname up to the first "." @@ -3219,7 +3220,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -3228,8 +3229,8 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the value of the PPWWDD shell variable ($$PPWWDD), with $$HHOOMMEE - abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the + \\ww the value of the PPWWDD shell variable ($$PPWWDD), with $$HHOOMMEE + abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM variable) \\WW the basename of $$PPWWDD, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde \\!! the history number of this command @@ -3237,70 +3238,70 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY be- - low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com- - mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is - decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY be- + low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com- + mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is + decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command under - SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). This can have unwanted side effects if - escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or + SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). This can have unwanted side effects if + escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or contain characters special to word expansion. RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be - enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett - builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing - after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the + enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett + builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing + after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is _~_/_._i_n_- - _p_u_t_r_c. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate - default is _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline li- - brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings - and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed - in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines - beginning with a ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate - conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable + _p_u_t_r_c. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate + default is _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline li- + brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings + and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed + in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines + beginning with a ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate + conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -3309,18 +3310,18 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -3332,15 +3333,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text "> output" into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -3348,7 +3349,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text "Function Key 1". The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -3359,7 +3360,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -3369,20 +3370,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -3393,109 +3394,109 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e or using the bbiinndd builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. When readline reads a variable value, empty or null values, "on" (case- - insensitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are + insensitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr - A string variable that controls the text color and background - when displaying the text in the active region (see the descrip- - tion of eennaabbllee--aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn below). This string must not take + A string variable that controls the text color and background + when displaying the text in the active region (see the descrip- + tion of eennaabbllee--aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn below). This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display, so it should - consist only of terminal escape sequences. It is output to the - terminal before displaying the text in the active region. This - variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal - type changes. The default value is the string that puts the - terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal's ter- + consist only of terminal escape sequences. It is output to the + terminal before displaying the text in the active region. This + variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal + type changes. The default value is the string that puts the + terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal's ter- minfo description. A sample value might be "\e[01;33m". aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn--eenndd--ccoolloorr - A string variable that "undoes" the effects of aaccttiivvee--rree-- - ggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr and restores "normal" terminal display appear- - ance after displaying text in the active region. This string - must not take up any physical character positions on the dis- - play, so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. - It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the - active region. This variable is reset to the default value - whenever the terminal type changes. The default value is the - string that restores the terminal from standout mode, as ob- + A string variable that "undoes" the effects of aaccttiivvee--rree-- + ggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr and restores "normal" terminal display appear- + ance after displaying text in the active region. This string + must not take up any physical character positions on the dis- + play, so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. + It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the + active region. This variable is reset to the default value + whenever the terminal type changes. The default value is the + string that restores the terminal from standout mode, as ob- tained from the terminal's terminfo description. A sample value might be "\e[0m". bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) - Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to - vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If + vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn (the default), readline attempts to bind the con- + If set to OOnn (the default), readline attempts to bind the con- trol characters that are treated specially by the kernel's ter- - minal driver to their readline equivalents. These override the - default readline bindings described here. Type "stty -a" at a + minal driver to their readline equivalents. These override the + default readline bindings described here. Type "stty -a" at a bbaasshh prompt to see your current terminal settings, including the special control characters (usually cccchhaarrss). bblliinnkk--mmaattcchhiinngg--ppaarreenn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted. ccoolloorreedd--ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the + If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ- - ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of + ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable. If there is a color defini- - tion in $$LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com- - pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix + tion in $$LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com- + pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix instead of its default. ccoolloorreedd--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- - ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- - tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment + If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- + ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- + tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable. ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn (("##")) - The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt + The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi command mode. ccoommpplleettiioonn--ddiissppllaayy--wwiiddtthh ((--11)) - The number of screen columns used to display possible matches - when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less - than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0 - will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default + The number of screen columns used to display possible matches + when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less + than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0 + will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default value is -1. ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--mmaapp--ccaassee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline - treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per- + If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline + treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per- forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx--ddiissppllaayy--lleennggtthh ((00)) - The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- - sible completions that is displayed without modification. When - set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than - this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- + The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- + sible completions that is displayed without modification. When + set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than + this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- ble completions. ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000)) - This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- - ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- - ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than - or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is - greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline - will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise - they are simply listed on the terminal. A zero value means + This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- + ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- + ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than + or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is + greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline + will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise + they are simply listed on the terminal. A zero value means readline should never ask; negative values are treated as zero. ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and - prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the - _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to - _O_f_f if the locale contains eight-bit characters. This variable - is dependent on the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale category, and may change if + prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the + _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to + _O_f_f if the locale contains eight-bit characters. This variable + is dependent on the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale category, and may change if the locale is changed. ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion - characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been + characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support + When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener- ated from the keyboard. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) @@ -3503,29 +3504,29 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. eemmaaccss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((@@)) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a - key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes - and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2 - escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, - which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes + and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2 + escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, + which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string. eennaabbllee--aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn ((OOnn)) - The _p_o_i_n_t is the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to a - saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is - referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. When this variable is set to _O_n, - readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _a_c_- - _t_i_v_e. When the region is active, readline highlights the text - in the region using the value of the aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr, - which defaults to the string that enables the terminal's stand- - out mode. The active region shows the text inserted by brack- - eted-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non- + The _p_o_i_n_t is the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to a + saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is + referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. When this variable is set to _O_n, + readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _a_c_- + _t_i_v_e. When the region is active, readline highlights the text + in the region using the value of the aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr, + which defaults to the string that enables the terminal's stand- + out mode. The active region shows the text inserted by brack- + eted-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non- incremental history searches. eennaabbllee--bbrraacckkeetteedd--ppaassttee ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline configures the terminal to insert each - paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, - instead of treating each character as if it had been read from + When set to OOnn, readline configures the terminal to insert each + paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, + instead of treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. This prevents readline from executing any editing commands bound to key sequences appearing in the pasted text. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) @@ -3533,195 +3534,195 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the ar- row keys. eennaabbllee--mmeettaa--kkeeyy ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier - key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many + When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier + key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at- + If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at- tempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the - same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- + If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the + same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((uunnsseett)) - Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history - list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted + Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history + list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero, - the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the - number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a + the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the + number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE + shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a non-numeric value, the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500. hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, + When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it - becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a - new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals + becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a + new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1. iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it + If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), re- - gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name - mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f, - but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit - characters. This variable is dependent on the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale + gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name + mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f, + but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit + characters. This variable is dependent on the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale category, and may change if the locale is changed. iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss (("CC--[[CC--JJ")) - The string of characters that should terminate an incremental - search without subsequently executing the character as a com- - mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a com- + mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- ters _E_S_C and _C_-_J will terminate an incremental search. kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss)) - Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names - is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is - equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the + Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names + is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap. kkeeyysseeqq--ttiimmeeoouutt ((550000)) - Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when - reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete + Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when + reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional - input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re- - ceived within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but - complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, - so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for - additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than - or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait - until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to + input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re- + ceived within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but + complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, + so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for + additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than + or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait + until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to complete. mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn)) If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a slash appended. mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- + If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- played with a preceding asterisk (**). mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc- - tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddii-- + tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddii-- rreeccttoorriieess). mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn)) - This variable, when set to OOnn, forces readline to match files - whose names begin with a "." (hidden files) when performing - filename completion. If set to OOffff, the user must include the + This variable, when set to OOnn, forces readline to match files + whose names begin with a "." (hidden files) when performing + filename completion. If set to OOffff, the user must include the leading "." in the filename to be completed. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--ddiissppllaayy--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the + If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through the list. oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. The default is _O_f_f, but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale - contains eight-bit characters. This variable is dependent on - the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale category, and may change if the locale is + contains eight-bit characters. This variable is dependent on + the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale category, and may change if the locale is changed. ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- + If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- play a screenful of possible completions at a time. pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches - sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the + If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. rreevveerrtt--aallll--aatt--nneewwlliinnee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines + If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when aacccceepptt--lliinnee is executed. By default, his- - tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists + tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to rreeaaddlliinnee. sseeaarrcchh--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline performs incremental and non-incremental + If set to OOnn, readline performs incremental and non-incremental history list searches in a case-insensitive fashion. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to OOnn, words which have more than one possible completion - cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing + cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to OOnn, words - which have more than one possible completion without any possi- - ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a - common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in- + which have more than one possible completion without any possi- + ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a + common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in- stead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--mmooddee--iinn--pprroommpptt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi- - cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion. + If set to OOnn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi- + cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion. The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_o_d_e_-_s_t_r_i_n_g). sskkiipp--ccoommpplleetteedd--tteexxtt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when - inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when - performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, - readline does not insert characters from the completion that - match characters after point in the word being completed, so + If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when + inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when + performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, + readline does not insert characters from the completion that + match characters after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated. vvii--ccmmdd--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((ccmmdd)))) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt - when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value + when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and - control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. - Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- - printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- + printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- trol sequence into the mode string. vvii--iinnss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((iinnss)))) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and - control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. - Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- - printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- + printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- trol sequence into the mode string. vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by - _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- + If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by + _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- pletions. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss - Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional - compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings - and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional + compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings + and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are four parser directives used. - $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- - ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using - readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator, + $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- + ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator, extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no char- acters are required to isolate it. - mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test - whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be - used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for in- - stance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and - _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in + mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test + whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for in- + stance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and + _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. - tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific + tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the == is tested against both the full name of the ter- - minal and the portion of the terminal name before the - first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, + minal and the portion of the terminal name before the + first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance. vveerrssiioonn - The vveerrssiioonn test may be used to perform comparisons - against specific readline versions. The vveerrssiioonn expands - to the current readline version. The set of comparison - operators includes ==, (and ====), !!==, <<==, >>==, <<, and >>. - The version number supplied on the right side of the op- - erator consists of a major version number, an optional + The vveerrssiioonn test may be used to perform comparisons + against specific readline versions. The vveerrssiioonn expands + to the current readline version. The set of comparison + operators includes ==, (and ====), !!==, <<==, >>==, <<, and >>. + The version number supplied on the right side of the op- + erator consists of a major version number, an optional decimal point, and an optional minor version (e.g., 77..11). - If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 00. + If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 00. The operator may be separated from the string vveerrssiioonn and from the version number argument by whitespace. _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n The _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n construct is used to include application- - specific settings. Each program using the readline li- - brary sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization + specific settings. Each program using the readline li- + brary sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used - to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific - program. For instance, the following command adds a key - sequence that quotes the current or previous word in + to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific + program. For instance, the following command adds a key + sequence that quotes the current or previous word in bbaasshh: $$iiff Bash @@ -3731,12 +3732,12 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e The _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e construct provides simple equality tests for - readline variables and values. The permitted comparison - operators are _=, _=_=, and _!_=. The variable name must be + readline variables and values. The permitted comparison + operators are _=, _=_=, and _!_=. The variable name must be separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the - operator may be separated from the value on the right - hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari- - ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested + operator may be separated from the value on the right + hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari- + ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested against the values _o_n and _o_f_f. $$eennddiiff This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $$iiff @@ -3746,51 +3747,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE test fails. $$iinncclluuddee - This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads - commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- ing directive would read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c: $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c SSeeaarrcchhiinngg - Readline provides commands for searching through the command history + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l. - Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the - search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the + search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed - so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as - needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in - the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an + so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as + needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in + the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the - Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. - Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original - line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the + Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. + Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original + line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the current line. - To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or - Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the - history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. - Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the - search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- + To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or + Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the + history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. + Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the + search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control- - Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search + Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string, readline uses any remembered search string. - Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting - to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting + to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoommmmaanndd NNaammeess - The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default + The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom- panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip- - tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to - a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the + tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to + a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg @@ -3806,33 +3807,33 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb)) - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. pprreevviioouuss--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee - Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the - previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired - effect if the current readline line does not take up more than - one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired + effect if the current readline line does not take up more than + one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. nneexxtt--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee - Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect - if the current readline line does not take up more than one - physical line or if the length of the current readline line is + if the current readline line does not take up more than one + physical line or if the length of the current readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. cclleeaarr--ddiissppllaayy ((MM--CC--ll)) - Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback - buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line + Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback + buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line at the top of the screen. cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the cur- - rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh + rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee Refresh the current line. @@ -3840,112 +3841,112 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn)) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line - is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state - of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history + is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state + of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp)) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn)) - Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in + Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<)) Move to the first line in the history. eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>)) - Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. ooppeerraattee--aanndd--ggeett--nneexxtt ((CC--oo)) - Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line - relative to the current line from the history for editing. A - numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to + Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line + relative to the current line from the history for editing. A + numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to use instead of the current line. ffeettcchh--hhiissttoorryy - With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list + With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list and make it the current line. Without an argument, move back to the first entry in the history list. rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr)) - Search backward starting at the current line and moving "up" - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search backward starting at the current line and moving "up" + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss)) - Search forward starting at the current line and moving "down" - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search forward starting at the current line and moving "down" + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp)) Search backward through the history starting at the current line - using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the + using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn)) - Search forward through the history using a non-incremental + Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current cursor po- - sition (the _p_o_i_n_t). The search string may match anywhere in a + sition (the _p_o_i_n_t). The search string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters + Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. The search - string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in- + string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in- cremental search. yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) - Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n, - insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the - previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in- - serts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once - the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the + insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the + previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in- + serts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once + the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the "!_n" history expansion had been specified. yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) - Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word + Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave - exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg - move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or - the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each + exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg + move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or + the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive - calls determines the direction to move through the history. A - negative argument switches the direction through the history + calls determines the direction to move through the history. A + negative argument switches the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. sshheellll--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--CC--ee)) - Expand the line by performing shell word expansions. This per- + Expand the line by performing shell word expansions. This per- forms alias and history expansion, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quot- - ing, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arith- - metic expansion, command and process substitution, word split- - ting, and quote removal. An explicit argument suppresses com- - mand and process substitution. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for + ing, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arith- + metic expansion, command and process substitution, word split- + ting, and quote removal. An explicit argument suppresses com- + mand and process substitution. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. hhiissttoorryy--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--^^)) - Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXX-- + Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXX-- PPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. mmaaggiicc--ssppaaccee - Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a + Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee - Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above + Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above for a description of alias expansion. hhiissttoorryy--aanndd--aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. iinnsseerrtt--llaasstt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--..,, MM--__)) A synonym for yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg. eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xx CC--ee)) - Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the + Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, $$EEDD-- IITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt _e_n_d_-_o_f_-_f_i_l_e ((uussuuaallllyy CC--dd)) - The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by + The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by _s_t_t_y(1). If this character is read when there are no characters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, readline interprets it as the end of input and returns EEOOFF. @@ -3954,46 +3955,46 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE same character as the tty EEOOFF character, as CC--dd commonly is, see above for the effects. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt)) - Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric + Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring. ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr - Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur- sor is deleted. qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv)) - Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like CC--qq, for example. ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--vv TTAABB)) Insert a tab character. sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ...)) Insert the character typed. ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt)) - Drag the character before point forward over the character at - point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of - the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. + Drag the character before point forward over the character at + point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of + the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. Negative arguments have no effect. ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt)) - Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving - point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving + point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu)) - Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- gument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point. ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll)) - Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- gument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point. ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc)) Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- gument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point. oovveerrwwrriittee--mmooddee - Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- + Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects - only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call + only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call to _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_(_) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac- - ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than - pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- - wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a + ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than + pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- + wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound. KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg @@ -4002,31 +4003,31 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt)) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu)) - Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The + Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee - Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the - same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. - bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as - those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. - sshheellll--kkiillll--wwoorrdd Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. + bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. + sshheellll--kkiillll--wwoorrdd + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww)) - Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. uunniixx--ffiilleennaammee--rruubboouutt - Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash - character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on + Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash + character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\)) Delete all spaces and tabs around point. @@ -4035,64 +4036,64 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer. ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- aries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. yyaannkk ((CC--yy)) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy)) - Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- + Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- ing yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp. NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ...,, MM----)) - Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt - This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is - followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus - sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the nu- meric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a character that is nei- - ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next - command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially - one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- + ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. CCoommpplleettiinngg ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB)) - Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text - begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname - (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and + begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname + (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??)) List the possible completions of the text before point. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**)) - Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee - Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with - a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated - execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible - completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the + Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee) and the original text is restored. An argument of _n moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative ar- gument may be used to move backward through the list. This com- mand is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by default. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--bbaacckkwwaarrdd - Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list - of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a + Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list + of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a negative argument. This command is unbound by default. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt - Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning - or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning + or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. This command is unbound by default. ccoommpplleettee--ffiilleennaammee ((MM--//)) @@ -4101,67 +4102,67 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. ccoommpplleettee--uusseerrnnaammee ((MM--~~)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. ppoossssiibbllee--uusseerrnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx ~~)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. ccoommpplleettee--vvaarriiaabbllee ((MM--$$)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ppoossssiibbllee--vvaarriiaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx $$)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ccoommpplleettee--hhoossttnnaammee ((MM--@@)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ppoossssiibbllee--hhoossttnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx @@)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ccoommpplleettee--ccoommmmaanndd ((MM--!!)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a - command name. Command completion attempts to match the text - against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + command name. Command completion attempts to match the text + against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommmmaanndd--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx !!)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. ddyynnaammiicc--ccoommpplleettee--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--TTAABB)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text - against lines from the history list for possible completion + Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text + against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ddaabbbbrreevv--eexxppaanndd - Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the + Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ccoommpplleettee--iinnttoo--bbrraacceess ((MM--{{)) Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com- - pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the + pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (()) - Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx )))) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and store the definition. ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee)) - Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. pprriinntt--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo (()) - Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for + Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr)) - Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any + Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) - Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee). ddoo--lloowweerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--AA,, MM--BB,, MM--_x,, ...)) - If the metafied character _x is uppercase, run the command that + If the metafied character _x is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The behavior is undefined if _x is already lowercase. pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) @@ -4169,204 +4170,204 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) - Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the - uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<>)) - Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) - Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is - set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is + set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of - that character. A negative argument searches for previous oc- + that character. A negative argument searches for previous oc- currences. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) - A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- - rence of that character. A negative argument searches for sub- + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- + rence of that character. A negative argument searches for sub- sequent occurrences. sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee - Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as - those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin + Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as + those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this - sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will - have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, - instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. + sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will + have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, + instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) - Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- - mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current + Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- + mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a - toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not - match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- + toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not + match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin- - ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a - newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn - causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. - If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re- + ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn + causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. + If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re- moved, the line will be executed by the shell. ssppeellll--ccoorrrreecctt--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx ss)) - Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as - a directory or filename, in the same way as the ccddssppeellll shell - option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by + Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as + a directory or filename, in the same way as the ccddssppeellll shell + option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- - pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is - used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com- + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- + pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is + used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com- pletions. gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- pansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, replac- ing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg)) - The list of expansions that would have been generated by - gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a - numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before + The list of expansions that would have been generated by + gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a + numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss - Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out- - put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to - the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, - the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part + the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, + the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss - Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv)) Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn - When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for - which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using + When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for + which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the programma- ble completion facilities are invoked. - First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the - empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), - any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a - compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to + First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the + empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), + any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a + compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command - word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched - for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt - is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined - with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. If there is no - default compspec, bbaasshh attempts alias expansion on the command word as - a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word + word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched + for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt + is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. + If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined + with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. If there is no + default compspec, bbaasshh attempts alias expansion on the command word as + a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word from any successful expansion. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG op- - tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are be- - ing completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, - and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are be- + ing completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, + and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com- pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable, one per array element. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- - ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is - enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- + ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- betic characters. Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the --PP and --SS options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was de- + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was de- fined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. - There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is - most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- - fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as - completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by - returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and + There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is + most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- + fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as + completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by + returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is - being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is + being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an - attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of - completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather + attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of + completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. - For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept - in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de- + For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept + in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de- fault completion function would load completions dynamically: _completion_loader() { @@ -4377,184 +4378,184 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE -o bashdefault -o default HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- - SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value - less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history - file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- + SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value + less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history + file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol- lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend- - ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with - history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the - history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled - (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the - lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is - overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, or if the history file is - unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable - is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the - history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- - sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- + ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with + history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the + history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled + (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the + lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is + overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, or if the history file is + unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable + is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the + history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- + sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- stamps from other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTT-- - FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric + FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma- - nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma- + nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history - list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables are used to cause the + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables are used to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell op- + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell op- tions. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each - line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac- - count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which - line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is - to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. - The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each + line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac- + count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which + line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is + to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. + The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s. The line is broken into words - in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- - _t_e_r-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. The - _e_v_e_n_t _d_e_s_i_g_n_a_t_o_r selects the event, the optional _w_o_r_d _d_e_s_i_g_n_a_t_o_r se- - lects words from the event, and various optional _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- + in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- + _t_e_r-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. The + _e_v_e_n_t _d_e_s_i_g_n_a_t_o_r selects the event, the optional _w_o_r_d _d_e_s_i_g_n_a_t_o_r se- + lects words from the event, and various optional _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- able to manipulate the selected words. - History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history ex- - pansion character, which is !! by default. History expansions may ap- + History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history ex- + pansion character, which is !! by default. History expansions may ap- pear anywhere in the input, but do not nest. - Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion - character, but the history expansion character is also treated as + Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion + character, but the history expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double- quoted string. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, ==, and the other shell metacharacters + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, ==, and the other shell metacharacters defined above. There is a special abbreviation for substitution, active when the _q_u_i_c_k - _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character (described above under hhiissttcchhaarrss) is the first + _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character (described above under hhiissttcchhaarrss) is the first character on the line. It selects the previous history entry, using an - event designator equivalent to !!!!, and substitutes one string for an- - other in that line. It is described below under EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss. + event designator equivalent to !!!!, and substitutes one string for an- + other in that line. It is described below under EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss. This is the only history expansion that does not begin with the history expansion character. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell op- - tion is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and - rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately - passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell op- + tion is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and + rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately + passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee - is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed - history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer - for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be - used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss + is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed + history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer + for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be + used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of - the history list without actually executing them, so that they are + the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- - tory list. The event designator consists of the portion of the word + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + tory list. The event designator consists of the portion of the word beginning with the history expansion character and ending with the word designator if present, or the end of the word. Unless the reference is - absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history + absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n. !!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for "!-1". !!_s_t_r_i_n_g - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position - in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be - omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. If - _s_t_r_i_n_g is missing, the string from the most recent search is + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be + omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. If + _s_t_r_i_n_g is missing, the string from the most recent search is used; it is an error if there is no previous search string. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing - _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to "!!:s^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^" + Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing + _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to "!!:s^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^" (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word. _n The _nth word. ^^ The first argument. That is, word 1. - $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex- + $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex- pand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line. - %% The first word matched by the most recent "?_s_t_r_i_n_g?'" search, - if the search string begins with a character that is part of a + %% The first word matched by the most recent "?_s_t_r_i_n_g?'" search, + if the search string begins with a character that is part of a word. _x--_y A range of words; "-_y" abbreviates "0-_y". - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for "_1_-_$". - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for "_1_-_$". + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. If xx is miss- ing, it defaults to 0. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a ":". These mod- ify, or edit, the word or words selected from the history event. @@ -4564,24 +4565,24 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at - bbllaannkkss and newlines. The qq and xx modifiers are mutually exclu- + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + bbllaannkkss and newlines. The qq and xx modifiers are mutually exclu- sive; the last one supplied is used. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event line. Any character may be used as the delimiter in place of /. - The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. - A single backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set - to the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substi- - tutions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. + A single backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set + to the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substi- + tutions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. If _n_e_w is null, each matching _o_l_d is deleted. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with "::ss" (e.g., "::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//") or "::&&". - If used with "::ss", any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with "::ss" (e.g., "::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//") or "::&&". + If used with "::ss", any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. GG Apply the following "ss" or "&&" modifier once to each word in the event line. @@ -4590,57 +4591,57 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt/[[ builtins do not accept options - and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- - ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning - with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but - are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning - with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- + and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- + ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning + with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but + are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning + with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- tion. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s and performing any specified redirections. The return status is zero. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell en- - vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe- - cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, - filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing + vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, + filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, but _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not need to be executable. The file - searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. When bbaasshh is not - in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it searches the current directory if no file is - found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option to the sshhoopptt builtin - command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not searched. If any _a_r_g_u_- - _m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the positional parameters when - _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are - unchanged. If the --TT option is enabled, .. inherits any trap on + searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. When bbaasshh is not + in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it searches the current directory if no file is + found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option to the sshhoopptt builtin + command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not searched. If any _a_r_g_u_- + _m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the positional parameters when + _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are + unchanged. If the --TT option is enabled, .. inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored - around the call to .., and .. unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it exe- + around the call to .., and .. unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it exe- cutes. If --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG - trap, the new value is retained when .. completes. The return - status is the status of the last command exited within the + trap, the new value is retained when .. completes. The return + status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose - _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass re- - turns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass re- + turns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVVXX] @@ -4650,33 +4651,33 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_-_l_i_n_e - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would ap- - pear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file such as _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but - each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; - e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. In the following de- - scriptions, output available to be re-read is formatted as com- - mands that would appear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file or - that would be supplied as individual arguments to a bbiinndd com- + pear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file such as _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but + each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; + e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. In the following de- + scriptions, output available to be re-read is formatted as com- + mands that would appear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file or + that would be supplied as individual arguments to a bbiinndd com- mand. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e - is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e + is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- _d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -4690,203 +4691,203 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q[[:: ]]_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is en- tered. The separator between _k_e_y_s_e_q and _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - either whitespace or a colon optionally followed by - whitespace. If the separator is whitespace, _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d must be enclosed in double quotes and rreeaaddlliinnee ex- - pands any of its special backslash-escapes in _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d before saving it. If the separator is a colon, any - enclosing double quotes are optional, and rreeaaddlliinnee does - not expand the command string before saving it. Since - the entire key binding expression must be a single argu- - ment, it should be enclosed in quotes. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE vari- - able to the contents of the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer and the + either whitespace or a colon optionally followed by + whitespace. If the separator is whitespace, _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d must be enclosed in double quotes and rreeaaddlliinnee ex- + pands any of its special backslash-escapes in _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d before saving it. If the separator is a colon, any + enclosing double quotes are optional, and rreeaaddlliinnee does + not expand the command string before saving it. Since + the entire key binding expression must be a single argu- + ment, it should be enclosed in quotes. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE vari- + able to the contents of the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT and RREEAADDLLIINNEE__MMAARRKK variables to the current - location of the insertion point and the saved insertion - point (the mark), respectively. The shell assigns any - numeric argument the user supplied to the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__AARRGGUU-- - MMEENNTT variable. If there was no argument, that variable + location of the insertion point and the saved insertion + point (the mark), respectively. The shell assigns any + numeric argument the user supplied to the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__AARRGGUU-- + MMEENNTT variable. If there was no argument, that variable is not set. If the executed command changes the value of - any of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE, RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, or RREEAADDLLIINNEE__MMAARRKK, + any of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE, RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, or RREEAADDLLIINNEE__MMAARRKK, those new values will be reflected in the editing state. - --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the + --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a format that can be reused as in- put. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex- - ited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex- + ited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]]] [-@] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, - the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. The vari- + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, + the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. The vari- able CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for the directory containing - _d_i_r: the shell searches each directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH for _d_i_r. - Alternative directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon + _d_i_r: the shell searches each directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH for _d_i_r. + Alternative directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current - directory, i.e., ".". If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDD-- - PPAATTHH is not used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical + directory, i.e., ".". If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDD-- + PPAATTHH is not used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing - _d_i_r and before processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the + _d_i_r and before processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces sym- - bolic links to be followed by resolving the link after process- - ing instances of _._. in _d_i_r. If _._. appears in _d_i_r, it is - processed by removing the immediately previous pathname compo- - nent from _d_i_r, back to a slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the + bolic links to be followed by resolving the link after process- + ing instances of _._. in _d_i_r. If _._. appears in _d_i_r, it is + processed by removing the immediately previous pathname compo- + nent from _d_i_r, back to a slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied with --PP, and the current working directory - cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory - change, ccdd will return an unsuccessful status. On systems that + cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory + change, ccdd will return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the --@@ option presents the extended attributes asso- - ciated with a file as a directory. An argument of -- is con- - verted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD before the directory change is attempted. If - a non-empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the - first argument, and the directory change is successful, the ab- - solute pathname of the new working directory is written to the + ciated with a file as a directory. An argument of -- is con- + verted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD before the directory change is attempted. If + a non-empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the + first argument, and the directory change is successful, the ab- + solute pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard output. If the directory change is successful, ccdd sets - the value of the PPWWDD environment variable to the new directory - name, and sets the OOLLDDPPWWDD environment variable to the value of - the current working directory before the change. The return - value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false + the value of the PPWWDD environment variable to the new directory + name, and sets the OOLLDDPPWWDD environment variable to the value of + the current working directory before the change. The return + value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv op- - tion is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or filename + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv op- + tion is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv + option causes a single word indicating the command or filename used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [--VV _v_a_r_n_a_m_e] [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee builtin with the exceptions of --pp, --rr, --DD, --EE, and --II, and write - the matches to the standard output. If the --VV option is sup- + the matches to the standard output. If the --VV option is sup- plied, ccoommppggeenn stores the generated completions into the indexed - array variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e instead of writing them to the standard - output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the various shell - variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while + array variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e instead of writing them to the standard + output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the various shell + variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program- mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple- - tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, + tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEEII] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options or _n_a_m_es are supplied, + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options or _n_a_m_es are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that al- - lows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a com- - pletion specification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are sup- - plied, all completion specifications. The --DD option indicates + lows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a com- + pletion specification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are sup- + plied, all completion specifications. The --DD option indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply to the "de- - fault" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a - command for which no completion has previously been defined. - The --EE option indicates that other supplied options and actions - should apply to "empty" command completion; that is, completion - attempted on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other - supplied options and actions should apply to completion on the - initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a command de- - limiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name comple- - tion. If multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes + fault" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a + command for which no completion has previously been defined. + The --EE option indicates that other supplied options and actions + should apply to "empty" command completion; that is, completion + attempted on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other + supplied options and actions should apply to completion on the + initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a command de- + limiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name comple- + tion. If multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes precedence over --EE, and both take precedence over --II. If any of - --DD, --EE, or --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig- + --DD, --EE, or --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig- nored; these completions only apply to the case specified by the option. - The process of applying these completion specifications when + The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraammmmaa-- bbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. ffuullllqquuoottee - Tell readline to quote all the completed words + Tell readline to quote all the completed words even if they are not filenames. - nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words - if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the + nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words + if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the default). - nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible + nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible completions alphabetically. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the de- - fault) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the de- + fault) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are + After any matches defined by the compspec are generated, directory name completion is at- tempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -4894,7 +4895,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -4903,17 +4904,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -4922,198 +4923,198 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its - output is used as the possible completions. Arguments + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + output is used as the possible completions. Arguments are passed as with the --FF option. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When the function is executed, the + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When the function is executed, the first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose ar- guments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, and the third argument ($$33) is - the word preceding the word being completed on the cur- - rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com- - pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY + the word preceding the word being completed on the cur- + rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com- + pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain - shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. - The possible completions are the members of the resul- + shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. + The possible completions are the members of the resul- tant list which match the word being completed. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option other than --pp, --rr, --DD, --EE, or --II is supplied without a - _n_a_m_e argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion speci- + _n_a_m_e argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion speci- fication for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an er- ror occurs adding a completion specification. ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] - Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the _o_p_- + Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the _o_p_- _t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es are - supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion op- - tions for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin de- - scribed above. The --DD option indicates that other supplied op- + supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion op- + tions for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin de- + scribed above. The --DD option indicates that other supplied op- tions should apply to the "default" command completion; that is, - completion attempted on a command for which no completion has - previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that other - supplied options should apply to "empty" command completion; - that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II option + completion attempted on a command for which no completion has + previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that other + supplied options should apply to "empty" command completion; + that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion - on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com- - mand delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name + on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com- + mand delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of en- - closing loops, the shell resumes the last enclosing loop (the - "top-level" loop). The return value is 0 unless _n is not + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of en- + closing loops, the shell resumes the last enclosing loop (the + "top-level" loop). The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiiIIllnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiiIIllnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used - with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, - are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it - will display the attributes and values of all variables having + with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, + are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it + will display the attributes and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other - options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attrib- - utes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option will re- - strict the display to shell functions. The --FF option inhibits - the display of function definitions; only the function name and + options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attrib- + utes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option will re- + strict the display to shell functions. The --FF option inhibits + the display of function definitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled - using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where each - _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option implies + using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where each + _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a shell func- - tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The --II option causes - local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f + tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The --II option causes + local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute) and value of any existing variable with the same _n_a_m_e - at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the + at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the local variable is initially unset. The following options can be - used to restrict output to variables with the specified at- + used to restrict output to variables with the specified at- tribute or to give variables attributes: - --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). - --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. - --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case - characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case + --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case + characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled. - --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name - reference to another variable. That other variable is - defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- - ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those - using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed - on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref + --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name + reference to another variable. That other variable is + defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- + ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those + using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed + on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref attribute cannot be applied to array variables. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions in- - herit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling shell. + herit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case - characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case + --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case + characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the en- + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the en- vironment. - Using "+" instead of "-" turns off the attribute instead, with - the exceptions that ++aa and ++AA may not be used to destroy array - variables and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When + Using "+" instead of "-" turns off the attribute instead, with + the exceptions that ++aa and ++AA may not be used to destroy array + variables and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, ddeeccllaarree and ttyyppeesseett make each _n_a_m_e local, as - with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a - variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable - is set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assign- - ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do - not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value + with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a + variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable + is set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assign- + ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do + not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made - to define a function using "-f foo=bar". an attempt is made to + to define a function using "-f foo=bar". an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to as- sign a value to an array variable without using the compound as- - signment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a - valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- - only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn + signment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a + valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- + only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[--ccllppvv]] [[++_n]] [[--_n]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di- - rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc- - tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the - list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di- + rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc- + tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the + list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries from the list. The current directory is always the first direc- tory in the stack. - --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en- + --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en- tries. - --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default + --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... | _p_i_d ... ] - Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active - jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr - option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option - is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is - marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell re- + Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active + jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr + option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option + is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is + marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell re- ceives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option means - to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ar- + to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ar- gument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. - The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the --ee option - is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped - characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- - tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are - interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used - to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo interprets any op- + is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped + characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- + tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are + interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used + to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo interprets any op- tions and expands these escape characters by default. eecchhoo does - not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets + not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -5126,207 +5127,207 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are en- - abled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are en- + abled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH instead of the shell builtin version, run "enable -n test". The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared - object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. BBaasshh - will use the value of the BBAASSHH__LLOOAADDAABBLLEESS__PPAATTHH variable as a + object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. BBaasshh + will use the value of the BBAASSHH__LLOOAADDAABBLLEESS__PPAATTHH variable as a colon-separated list of directories in which to search for _f_i_l_e_- _n_a_m_e, if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash. The default is sys- tem-dependent, and may include "." to force a search of the cur- - rent directory. The --dd option will delete a builtin previously - loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp - option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With - no other option arguments, the list consists of all enabled - shell builtins. If --nn is supplied, only disabled builtins are - printed. If --aa is supplied, the list printed includes all - builtins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled. + rent directory. The --dd option will delete a builtin previously + loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp + option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With + no other option arguments, the list consists of all enabled + shell builtins. If --nn is supplied, only disabled builtins are + printed. If --aa is supplied, the list printed includes all + builtins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l - builtins. If no options are supplied and a _n_a_m_e is not a shell - builtin, eennaabbllee will attempt to load _n_a_m_e from a shared object - named _n_a_m_e, as if the command were "enable -f _n_a_m_e _n_a_m_e". The - return value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there + builtins. If no options are supplied and a _n_a_m_e is not a shell + builtin, eennaabbllee will attempt to load _n_a_m_e from a shared object + named _n_a_m_e, as if the command were "enable -f _n_a_m_e _n_a_m_e". The + return value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_- - _g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + _g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the - file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if - eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take - effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if + eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take + effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported - variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported + variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one - of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- + of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- plied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. ffaallssee Does nothing, returns a non-zero status. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t - from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes - them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate - the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an - index into the history list, where a negative number is used as - an offset from the current command number). When listing, a - _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to - the current command (usually the ffcc command); otherwise 0 is - equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _l_a_s_t is not specified, - it is set to the current command for listing (so that "fc -l - -10" prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If - _f_i_r_s_t is not specified, it is set to the previous command for + The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t + from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes + them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate + the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an + index into the history list, where a negative number is used as + an offset from the current command number). When listing, a + _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to + the current command (usually the ffcc command); otherwise 0 is + equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _l_a_s_t is not specified, + it is set to the current command for listing (so that "fc -l + -10" prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If + _f_i_r_s_t is not specified, it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is "r="fc -s"", so that typing "r cc" runs the last command beginning with "cc" and typing "r" re-executes the last command. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in- - valid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in- + valid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g ...] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex- + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex- pected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by - white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be - used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be + used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an op- tion requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automatically; - it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss - within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is + it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss + within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used. When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a re- turn value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more - arguments are supplied as _a_r_g values, ggeettooppttss parses those in- + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + arguments are supplied as _a_r_g values, ggeettooppttss parses those in- stead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If ggeettooppttss detects an invalid option, it places ? into _n_a_m_e and, - if not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, it assigns the option character found to OOPP-- + if not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, it assigns the option character found to OOPP-- TTAARRGG and does not print a diagnostic message. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, it sets the value of _n_a_m_e to a question mark (??), unsets OOPPTTAARRGG, - and prints a diagnostic message. If ggeettooppttss is silent, it sets - the value of _n_a_m_e to a colon (::) and sets OOPPTTAARRGG to the option + and prints a diagnostic message. If ggeettooppttss is silent, it sets + the value of _n_a_m_e to a colon (::) and sets OOPPTTAARRGG to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e - is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the - --pp option is supplied, hhaasshh uses _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e as the full filename - of the command. The --rr option causes the shell to forget all - remembered locations. Assigning to the PPAATTHH variable also - clears all hashed filenames. The --dd option causes the shell to - forget the remembered location of each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option + --pp option is supplied, hhaasshh uses _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e as the full filename + of the command. The --rr option causes the shell to forget all + remembered locations. Assigning to the PPAATTHH variable also + clears all hashed filenames. The --dd option causes the shell to + forget the remembered location of each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is - printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are supplied with --tt, the - _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full pathname. The --ll option - causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as - input. If no arguments are given, or if only --ll is supplied, - information about remembered commands is printed. The --tt, --dd, - and --pp options (the options that act on the _n_a_m_e arguments) are - mutually exclusive. Only one will be active. If more than one + printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are supplied with --tt, the + _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full pathname. The --ll option + causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as + input. If no arguments are given, or if only --ll is supplied, + information about remembered commands is printed. The --tt, --dd, + and --pp options (the options that act on the _n_a_m_e arguments) are + mutually exclusive. Only one will be active. If more than one is supplied, --tt has higher priority than --pp, and both are higher - priority than --dd. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is + priority than --dd. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -5344,55 +5345,55 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not supplied and - HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, the --aa,, --nn,, --rr,, and --ww options have + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not supplied and + HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, the --aa,, --nn,, --rr,, and --ww options have no effect. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t - Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t + Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater than the last history position, so negative indices count - back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 + back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command. --dd _s_t_a_r_t-_e_n_d - Delete the range of history entries between positions - _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values + Delete the range of history entries between positions + _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d are interpreted as described above. - --aa Append the "new" history lines to the history file. - These are history lines entered since the beginning of + --aa Append the "new" history lines to the history file. + These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines ap- - pended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines ap- + pended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. - --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to + --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to the current history list. --ww Write the current history list to the history file, over- writing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t or range - is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion sup- + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t or range + is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion sup- plied as an argument to --pp fails. jjoobbss [--llnnpprrss] [ _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... ] @@ -5400,15 +5401,15 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Display only running jobs. --ss Display only stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in @@ -5417,40 +5418,40 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is - equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is + equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op- tion is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- - tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options - is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell - options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function after + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options + is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell + options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function after the call to llooccaall are restored to their original values when the function returns. The restore is effected as if a series of sseett - commands were executed to restore the values that were in place - before the function. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of - local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use + commands were executed to restore the values that were in place + before the function. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of + local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless - llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, + llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. @@ -5459,227 +5460,227 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, mmaappffiillee will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. - --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line + --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_- + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_- _r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] Removes entries from the directory stack. The elements are num- - bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by ddiirrss. - With no arguments, ppooppdd removes the top directory from the + bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by ddiirrss. + With no arguments, ppooppdd removes the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup- plied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma- nipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero, from the stack. For + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero, from the stack. For example: "popd +0" removes the first directory, "popd +1" the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: "popd - -0" removes the last directory, "popd -1" the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: "popd + -0" removes the last directory, "popd -1" the next to last. - If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the - _-_n option was not supplied, ppooppdd uses the ccdd builtin to change + If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the + _-_n option was not supplied, ppooppdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at the top of the stack. If the ccdd fails, ppooppdd returns a non-zero value. - Otherwise, ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encoun- + Otherwise, ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encoun- tered, the directory stack is empty, or a non-existent directory stack entry is specified. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the - final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is + If the ppooppdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the + final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is 0. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(3) format characters ccssnnddiioouuxxXXee-- EEffFFggGGaaAA, pprriinnttff interprets the following additional format spec- ifiers: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee. - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a - format that can be reused as shell input. %%qq and %%QQ use - the $$'''' quoting style if any characters in the argument - string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If - the format string uses the _p_r_i_n_t_f alternate form, these + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + format that can be reused as shell input. %%qq and %%QQ use + the $$'''' quoting style if any characters in the argument + string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If + the format string uses the _p_r_i_n_t_f alternate form, these two formats quote the argument string using single quotes. - %%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_- + %%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t before quoting it. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and - -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar- + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar- gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been - given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behav- + given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behav- ior. The %b, %q, and %T format specifiers all use the field width and precision arguments from the format specification and write that - many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar- - gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi- + many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar- + gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi- nal. The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is treated as a shell variable name. - The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier, + The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier, which forces them to convert the argument string to a wide-char- acter string and apply any supplied field width and precision in terms of characters, not bytes. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return - value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup- + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup- plied or a write or assignment error occurs. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele- - ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele- + ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating - or adding directories to the stack, so that only the + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating + or adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top After the stack has been modified, if the --nn option was not sup- - plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at + plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at the top of the stack. If the ccdd fails, ppuusshhdd returns a non-zero value. - Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless - the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory - stack, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a + Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless + the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory + stack, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-existent directory stack element is specified. - If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the + If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the final contents of the directory stack. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in- valid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--EEeerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de- + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de- scriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split into - words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first - word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the sec- - ond _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the + words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first + word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the sec- + ond _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to - the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input - stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- - ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into - words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de- - scribed above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character + the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input + stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- + ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into + words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de- + scribed above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char- - acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, + acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable _a_n_a_m_e, starting at 0. _a_n_a_m_e is unset before any - new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig- + new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig- nored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the in- - put line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty - string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL + put line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. - --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd - uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line. - Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing - was not previously active) editing settings, but uses + --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd + uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line. + Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing + was not previously active) editing settings, but uses readline's default filename completion. - --EE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd - uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line. - Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing - was not previously active) editing settings, but uses + --EE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd + uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line. + Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing + was not previously active) editing settings, but uses bash's default completion, including programmable comple- tion. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - are read. The result is not split on the characters in - IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + are read. The result is not split on the characters in + IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr option below). --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t @@ -5687,137 +5688,137 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input (or a specified number of characters) is - not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- - mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- - mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is - reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special - file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input (or a specified number of characters) is + not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- + mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- + mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is + reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special + file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into - the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd re- - turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The - exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified - file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero - otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the + the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd re- + turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The + exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified + file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero + otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. - Other than the case where _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, rreeaadd ig- + Other than the case where _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, rreeaadd ig- nores any NUL characters in the input. - If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read, without the ending de- - limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable - RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun- - tered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater than - 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read- + If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read, without the ending de- + limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable + RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun- + tered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater than + 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read- only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed ar- - rays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative ar- + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed ar- + rays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative ar- rays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If no - _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be - used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly - names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format - that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by - =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return - status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the + used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly + names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format + that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by + =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return + status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- - fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is - that of the last command executed in the function body. If rree-- + Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- + fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is + that of the last command executed in the function body. If rree-- ttuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de- - termine the status is the last command executed before the trap - handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the last - command used to determine the status is the last command exe- - cuted by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If rreettuurrnn - is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by - the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing - that script and return either _n or the exit status of the last - command executed within the script as the exit status of the + termine the status is the last command executed before the trap + handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the last + command used to determine the status is the last command exe- + cuted by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If rreettuurrnn + is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by + the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing + that script and return either _n or the exit status of the last + command executed within the script as the exit status of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least signif- - icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is sup- - plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and - not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any command + icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is sup- + plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and + not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution re- sumes after the function or script. sseett [--aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [----] [--] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [----] [--] [_a_r_g ...] sseett --oo - sseett ++oo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari- - able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re- + sseett ++oo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari- + able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re- setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot - be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. The - output is sorted according to the current locale. When options - are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu- - ments remaining after option processing are treated as values + be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. The + output is sorted according to the current locale. When options + are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu- + ments remaining after option processing are treated as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $$11, - $$22, ..., $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following mean- + $$22, ..., $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following mean- ings: --aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is - given the export attribute and marked for export to the + given the export attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero status. - The shell does not exit if the command that fails is - part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee - or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or - eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a - &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& + The shell does not exit if the command that fails is + part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee + or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or + eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a + &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the - command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a - compound command other than a subshell returns a non- - zero status because a command failed while --ee was being - ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if - set, is executed before the shell exits. This option + command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a + compound command other than a subshell returns a non- + zero status because a command failed while --ee was being + ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if + set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. - If a compound command or shell function executes in a - context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands - executed within the compound command or function body - will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set - and a command returns a failure status. If a compound - command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a - context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have - any effect until the compound command or the command + If a compound command or shell function executes in a + context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands + executed within the compound command or function body + will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set + and a command returns a failure status. If a compound + command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a + context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have + any effect until the compound command or the command containing the function call completes. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run in a separate process group. When a background job com- pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta- tus. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig- + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig- nored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -5825,10 +5826,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -5842,7 +5843,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command + The effect is as if the shell command "IGNOREEOF=10" had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. @@ -5858,178 +5859,178 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to - match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to + match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior. pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. - If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints the - current shell option settings. If ++oo is supplied with - no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints a series of sseett commands to - recreate the current option settings on the standard + If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints the + current shell option settings. If ++oo is supplied with + no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints a series of sseett commands to + recreate the current option settings on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they ap- - pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they ap- + pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --rr Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un- set once it has been set. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub- - scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub- + scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command - and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to standard error. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex- - ecuted in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + ecuted in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op- + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op- tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the - shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The re- - turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- + shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The re- + turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are un- - set. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $$##. - If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is - assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional para- - meters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are un- + set. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $$##. + If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is + assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional para- + meters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] - Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- - ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the + Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- + ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the --oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list - of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of + of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set; if _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the output - is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to - be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op- + is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op- tions have the following meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt - shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. - Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt + shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. + Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op- - tions, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op- + tions, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: aarrrraayy__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee - If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as- + If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as- sociative and indexed array subscripts during arithmetic expression evaluation, while executing builtins that can - perform variable assignments, and while executing + perform variable assignments, and while executing builtins that perform array dereferencing. aassssoocc__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee Deprecated; a synonym for aarrrraayy__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee. - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command + second exit is attempted without an intervening command (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones ex- iting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external - (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the - values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. This option is enabled by + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external + (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the + values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. This option is enabled by default. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows - easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is - enabled by default, but only has an effect if command + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows + easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is + enabled by default, but only has an effect if command history is enabled, as described above under HHIISSTTOORRYY. ccoommppaatt3311 ccoommppaatt3322 @@ -6039,122 +6040,122 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ccoommppaatt4433 ccoommppaatt4444 ccoommppaatt5500 - These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode + These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode (see SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE below). ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee - If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- - names and directory names when performing completion. + If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- + names and directory names when performing completion. If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol- - lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted - in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear - in shell variable references in words to be completed. - This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex- - pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any - dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, - either. This is active only when bash is using back- - slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is - set by default, which is the default bash behavior in + lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted + in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear + in shell variable references in words to be completed. + This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex- + pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any + dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, + either. This is active only when bash is using back- + slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is + set by default, which is the default bash behavior in versions through 4.2. ddiirreexxppaanndd - If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results - of word expansion when performing filename completion. + If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results + of word expansion when performing filename completion. This changes the contents of the readline editing - buffer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the + buffer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the user typed. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a "." in - the results of pathname expansion. The filenames "." + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a "." in + the results of pathname expansion. The filenames "." and ".." must always be matched explicitly, even if ddoott-- gglloobb is set. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file, + If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file, arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell - starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set af- - ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers + starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set af- + ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell simulates a call to rreettuurrnn. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above). - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- - ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a de- - scription of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by de- + ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a de- + scription of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by de- fault. gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess - If set, range expressions used in pattern matching - bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave - as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- - parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se- - quence is not taken into account, so bb will not collate - between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII + If set, range expressions used in pattern matching + bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave + as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- + parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se- + quence is not taken into account, so bb will not collate + between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together. gglloobbsskkiippddoottss - If set, pathname expansion will never match the file- - names "." and "..", even if the pattern begins with a + If set, pathname expansion will never match the file- + names "." and "..", even if the pattern begins with a ".". This option is enabled by default. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- - text will match all files and zero or more directories - and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, + text will match all files and zero or more directories + and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, only directories and subdirectories match. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt @@ -6162,25 +6163,25 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named + If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell ex- its, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt @@ -6188,23 +6189,23 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS active login shell exits. iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt - If set, command substitution inherits the value of the - eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell - environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is + If set, command substitution inherits the value of the + eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell + environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is enabled. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This op- + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This op- tion is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. @@ -6215,43 +6216,43 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS tribute is not inherited. llooccaallvvaarr__uunnsseett - If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous - function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find - them unset until that function returns. This is identi- - cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the + If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous + function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find + them unset until that function returns. This is identi- + cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the current function scope. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, bbaasshh - displays the message "The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, bbaasshh + displays the message "The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read". nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not at- - tempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not at- + tempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi- - tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- + tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- pletions as part of programmable completion. nnooeexxppaanndd__ttrraannssllaattiioonn - If set, bbaasshh encloses the translated results of $$""..."" - quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If + If set, bbaasshh encloses the translated results of $$""..."" + quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If the string is not translated, this has no effect. nnuullllgglloobb @@ -6261,8 +6262,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt If set, bbaasshh expands occurrences of && in the replacement - string of pattern substitution to the text matched by - the pattern, as described under PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn + string of pattern substitution to the text matched by + the pattern, as described under PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn above. This option is enabled by default. pprrooggccoommpp @@ -6271,70 +6272,70 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprrooggccoommpp__aalliiaass - If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh - treats a command name that doesn't have any completions - as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it - has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion us- + If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh + treats a command name that doesn't have any completions + as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it + has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion us- ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re- - moval after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re- + moval after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in re- - stricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + The shell sets this option if it is started in re- + stricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the .. (ssoouurrccee) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. vvaarrrreeddiirr__cclloossee - If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors - assigned using the _{_v_a_r_n_a_m_e_} redirection syntax (see + If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors + assigned using the _{_v_a_r_n_a_m_e_} redirection syntax (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN above) instead of leaving them open when the command completes. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape se- - quences by default. If the ppoossiixx shell option is also + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape se- + quences by default. If the ppoossiixx shell option is also enabled, eecchhoo does not interpret any options. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT - signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled, - cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this - and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the - shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and --ff is + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled, + cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this + and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the + shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and --ff is not supplied. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu- - ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and - operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed - of the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. - tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore + ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and + operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed + of the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. + tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, - listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de- - pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de- + pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -6351,161 +6352,161 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining - arguments. the two-argument test using the second and - third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and - the fourth argument is exactly )), the result is the two- - argument test of the second and third arguments. Other- + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + arguments. the two-argument test using the second and + third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and + the fourth argument is exactly )), the result is the two- + argument test of the second and third arguments. Other- wise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, or if the expression is part of the [[[[ command, the << and >> operators sort using the current lo- - cale. If the shell is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the tteesstt and [[ com- + cale. If the shell is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the tteesstt and [[ com- mands sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_c_t_i_o_n] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] The _a_c_t_i_o_n is a command that is read and executed when the shell receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_c_t_i_o_n is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_c_t_i_o_n is the null string the signal specified by - each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in- + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_c_t_i_o_n is the null string the signal specified by + each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in- vokes. - If no arguments are supplied, ttrraapp displays the actions associ- + If no arguments are supplied, ttrraapp displays the actions associ- ated with each trapped signal as a set of ttrraapp commands that can - be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi- - tions. If --pp is given, and _a_c_t_i_o_n is not present, then ttrraapp - displays the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or, if none + be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi- + tions. If --pp is given, and _a_c_t_i_o_n is not present, then ttrraapp + displays the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or, if none are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of ttrraapp commands - that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal - dispositions. The --PP option behaves similarly, but displays - only the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. --PP re- - quires at least one _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. The --PP or --pp options to - ttrraapp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub- - stitution) and, as long as they are used before ttrraapp is used to - change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par- + that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal + dispositions. The --PP option behaves similarly, but displays + only the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. --PP re- + quires at least one _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. The --PP or --pp options to + ttrraapp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub- + stitution) and, as long as they are used before ttrraapp is used to + change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par- ent's traps. - The --ll option causes ttrraapp to print a list of signal names and - their corresponding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal - name defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names + The --ll option causes ttrraapp to print a list of signal names and + their corresponding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal + name defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the first command executes in - a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the de- - scription of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for de- - tails of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, - the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed each time a shell function or a - script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes execut- + a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the de- + scription of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for de- + tails of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, + the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed each time a shell function or a + script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes execut- ing. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed whenever a + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed whenever a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to - the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the + the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following - a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, + a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command - following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the - last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using + following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the + last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) op- tion. When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not - being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell - or subshell environment when one is created. The return status + being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell + or subshell environment when one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttrruuee Does nothing, returns a 0 status. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is - not found, then nothing is printed, and ttyyppee returns a non-zero - exit status. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the - name of the executable file that would be found by searching - $$PPAATTHH if _n_a_m_e were specified as a command name, or nothing if - "type -t name" would not return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a - PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if "type -t name" would not re- - turn _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed - value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in - PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee prints all of the places - that contain a command named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases, re- - served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op- + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is + not found, then nothing is printed, and ttyyppee returns a non-zero + exit status. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + name of the executable file that would be found by searching + $$PPAATTHH if _n_a_m_e were specified as a command name, or nothing if + "type -t name" would not return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a + PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if "type -t name" would not re- + turn _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed + value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in + PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee prints all of the places + that contain a command named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases, re- + served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op- tions (--pp and --PP) can be supplied to restrict the output to exe- - cutable files. ttyyppee does not consult the table of hashed com- + cutable files. ttyyppee does not consult the table of hashed com- mands when using --aa with --pp, and only performs a PPAATTHH search for - _n_a_m_e. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with - the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments + _n_a_m_e. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with + the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] --aa uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] [--bbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPRRTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re- - spectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re- + spectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. - When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and - unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op- + When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and + unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op- tions are interpreted as follows: --aa All current limits are reported; no limits are set --bb The maximum socket buffer size --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice"). - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -6514,134 +6515,134 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals - --RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before + --RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking, in microseconds --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp, - which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and - --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and - --ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 - unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp, + which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and + --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and + --ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 + unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable, - and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option - is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, - _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn - has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are - supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- - able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset. - Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment - passed to subsequent commands. If any of BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS, + and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option + is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, + _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn + has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are + supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- + able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset. + Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment + passed to subsequent commands. If any of BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS, BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00, BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS, BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD, BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL, BBAASSHHPPIIDD, - CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE, EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCC-- - NNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are + CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE, EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCC-- + NNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub- sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- only or may not be unset. wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [--pp _v_a_r_n_a_m_e] [_i_d ...] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination - status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if - a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running - background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if + status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if + a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running + background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if its process id is the same as $$!!, and the return status is zero. - If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job from + If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job from the list of _i_ds or, if no _i_ds are supplied, any job, to complete - and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments + and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the - shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If - the --pp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the - job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the - variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The variable - will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful - only when the --nn option is supplied. Supplying the --ff option, - when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter- + shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If + the --pp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the + job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the + variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The variable + will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful + only when the --nn option is supplied. Supplying the --ff option, + when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter- minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it - changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job, - the return status is 127. If wwaaiitt is interrupted by a signal, - the return status will be greater than 128, as described under - SSIIGGNNAALLSS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status + changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job, + the return status is 127. If wwaaiitt is interrupted by a signal, + the return status will be greater than 128, as described under + SSIIGGNNAALLSS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE - Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci- + Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci- fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin (ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322, ccoomm-- - ppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibility + ppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibility level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility level is - intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that - is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use - current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu- + intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that + is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use + current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu- tion. - This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu- - lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the - regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word, + This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu- + lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the + regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions). - If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other - compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility - level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior - that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been - present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale- - based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier + If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other + compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility + level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior + that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been + present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale- + based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling ccoommppaatt3322 will enable - ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi- - cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility - levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to + ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi- + cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility + levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to find out the current behavior. - Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as- + Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as- signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte- - ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com- + ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com- patibility level. - Starting with bash-4.4, bbaasshh has begun deprecating older compatibility - levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of BBAASSHH__CCOOMM-- + Starting with bash-4.4, bbaasshh has begun deprecating older compatibility + levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of BBAASSHH__CCOOMM-- PPAATT. - Bash-5.0 was the final version for which there will be an individual + Bash-5.0 was the final version for which there will be an individual shopt option for the previous version. Users should control the compat- ibility level with BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. - The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each + The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each compatibility level setting. The ccoommppaatt_N_N tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility level to _N_N using one of the following mecha- - nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be - set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and - later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re- + nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be + set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and + later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re- quired for bash-5.1 and later versions. ccoommppaatt3311 @@ -6649,162 +6650,162 @@ SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE ator (=~) has no special effect ccoommppaatt3322 - +o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider + +o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII ordering. ccoommppaatt4400 - +o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider + +o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII ordering. BBaasshh versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col- - lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current + lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt4411 - +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still + +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre- tation 267) +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, the parser requires that an even number of - single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double- - quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so - that characters within the single quotes are considered + single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double- + quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so + that characters within the single quotes are considered quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221) ccoommppaatt4422 +o the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu- - tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver- + tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver- sions after bash-4.2 - +o in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when - expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter - expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or - other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre- - tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not + +o in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when + expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter + expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or + other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre- + tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not special within double-quoted word expansions ccoommppaatt4433 - +o the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt - is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu- - ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later + +o the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt + is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu- + ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later versions warn that this usage is deprecated - +o word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors - that cause the current command to fail, even in posix - mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors + +o word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors + that cause the current command to fail, even in posix + mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit) - +o when executing a shell function, the loop state + +o when executing a shell function, the loop state (while/until/etc.) is not reset, so bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in that function will break or continue loops in the calling - context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre- + context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre- vent this ccoommppaatt4444 - +o the shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and - BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional + +o the shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and + BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled - +o a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so - bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit. - Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the + +o a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so + bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit. + Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the exit - +o variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and + +o variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and rreeaaddoonnllyy that set attributes continue to affect variables with the same name in the calling environment even if the shell is not in posix mode ccoommppaatt5500 - +o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro- + +o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro- duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility - level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method - from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran- - dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will + level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method + from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran- + dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0 - +o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior - to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef- - fect, even when producing output that can be reused as - input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op- + +o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior + to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef- + fect, even when producing output that can be reused as + input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op- tion is supplied. ccoommppaatt5511 - +o The uunnsseett builtin treats attempts to unset array sub- - scripts @@ and ** differently depending on whether the ar- - ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in + +o The uunnsseett builtin treats attempts to unset array sub- + scripts @@ and ** differently depending on whether the ar- + ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in previous versions. +o arithmetic commands ( ((((...)))) ) and the expressions in an arithmetic for statement can be expanded more than once - +o expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in + +o expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in the [[[[ conditional command can be expanded more than once - +o the expressions in substring parameter brace expansion + +o the expressions in substring parameter brace expansion can be expanded more than once +o the expressions in the $$((((...)))) word expansion can be ex- panded more than once - +o arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts + +o arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts can be expanded more than once - +o tteesstt --vv, when given an argument of AA[[@@]], where AA is an + +o tteesstt --vv, when given an argument of AA[[@@]], where AA is an existing associative array, will return true if the array - has any set elements. Bash-5.2 will look for and report + has any set elements. Bash-5.2 will look for and report on a key named @@. +o the ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[[::]]==_v_a_l_u_e} word expansion will return - _v_a_l_u_e, before any variable-specific transformations have + _v_a_l_u_e, before any variable-specific transformations have been performed (e.g., converting to lowercase). Bash-5.2 will return the final value assigned to the variable. - +o Parsing command substitutions will behave as if extended + +o Parsing command substitutions will behave as if extended globbing (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin above) - is enabled, so that parsing a command substitution con- + is enabled, so that parsing a command substitution con- taining an extglob pattern (say, as part of a shell func- - tion) will not fail. This assumes the intent is to en- - able extglob before the command is executed and word ex- - pansions are performed. It will fail at word expansion - time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the com- + tion) will not fail. This assumes the intent is to en- + able extglob before the command is executed and word ex- + pansions are performed. It will fail at word expansion + time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the com- mand is executed. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at - invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used - to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It - behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are + invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used + to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It + behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: +o changing directories with ccdd - +o setting or unsetting the values of SSHHEELLLL, PPAATTHH, HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, EENNVV, + +o setting or unsetting the values of SSHHEELLLL, PPAATTHH, HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, EENNVV, or BBAASSHH__EENNVV +o specifying command names containing // - +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. + +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command - +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command - +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at + +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup - +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at + +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at startup - +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirec- + +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirec- tion operators +o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another command - +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options + +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command - +o turning off restricted mode with sseett ++rr or sshhoopptt --uu rree-- + +o turning off restricted mode with sseett ++rr or sshhoopptt --uu rree-- ssttrriicctteedd__sshheellll. These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO @@ -6829,10 +6830,10 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y - The default value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, the file in which bash saves the + The default value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, the file in which bash saves the command history _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -6846,15 +6847,15 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/ and _h_t_t_p_:_/_/_g_i_t_._s_a_v_a_n_- _n_a_h_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_c_g_i_t_/_b_a_s_h_._g_i_t_/_s_n_a_p_s_h_o_t_/_b_a_s_h_-_m_a_s_t_e_r_._t_a_r_._g_z. - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged to mail that as well! You may send suggestions and "philosophical" bug - reports to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or post them to the Usenet newsgroup + reports to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or post them to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -6865,7 +6866,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or "recipe" which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -6882,11 +6883,11 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form "a ; b ; c" are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a - unit, or to start the command in the background and immediately bring + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + unit, or to start the command in the background and immediately bring it into the foreground. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index e6b2074d..98efa763 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2024 February 5BASH(1) +BASH(1)2024 March 29BASH(1)

Index @@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ + + @@ -85,6 +87,7 @@ also incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells (ksh and csh).

+POSIX is the name for a family of computing standards based on Unix. Bash is intended to be a conformant implementation of the @@ -3030,7 +3033,13 @@ after reading any startup files.

A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines -should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the +should be saved on the history list. +If a command line matches one of the patterns in the value of +HISTIGNORE, + + +it is not saved on the history list. +Each pattern is anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete line (bash will not implicitly append a @@ -3810,7 +3819,7 @@ words. The shell performs these expansions: pathname expansion, and -quote removal . +quote removal.

@@ -4569,6 +4578,7 @@ Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of parameter, except that it prints the values of indexed and associative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs (see Arrays above). +The keys and values are quoted in a format that can be reused as input.

a
@@ -7508,12 +7518,13 @@ builtin.

Readline Notation

In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote -keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C-key, e.g., C-n -means Control-N. Similarly, +keystrokes. +Control keys are denoted by C-key, e.g., C-n means Control-N. +Similarly, meta -keys are denoted by M-key, so M-x means Meta-X. (On keyboards -without a +keys are denoted by M-key, so M-x means Meta-X. +(On keyboards without a meta key, M-x means ESC x, i.e., press the Escape key @@ -10112,7 +10123,7 @@ the last string in a -!?string[?] +!?string[?] search. If @@ -15460,7 +15471,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash 5.32024 February 5BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.32024 March 29BASH(1)
@@ -15566,7 +15577,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
BUGS
-This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20240209/doc/bash.1.
-Time: 13 February 2024 10:19:05 EST +This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20240402/doc/bash.1.
+Time: 04 April 2024 17:50:28 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index 868f953c..996f9533 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.1 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.3, 25 March 2024). +Bash shell (version 5.3, 5 April 2024). - This is Edition 5.3, last updated 25 March 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.3, last updated 5 April 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3. Copyright © 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.3, 25 March 2024). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.3, 5 April 2024). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.3, last updated 25 March 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.3, last updated 5 April 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -7529,9 +7529,8 @@ startup files. 54. When the ‘cd’ builtin cannot change a directory because the length of the pathname constructed from ‘$PWD’ and the directory name - supplied as an argument exceeds ‘PATH_MAX’ when all symbolic links - are expanded, ‘cd’ will fail instead of attempting to use only the - supplied directory name. + supplied as an argument exceeds ‘PATH_MAX’ when canonicalized, ‘cd’ + will attempt to use the supplied directory name. 55. The ‘pwd’ builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file @@ -7542,56 +7541,58 @@ startup files. 57. The default editor used by ‘fc’ is ‘ed’. - 58. If there are too many arguments supplied to ‘fc -s’, ‘fc’ prints + 58. ‘fc’ treats extra arguments as an error instead of ignoring them. + + 59. If there are too many arguments supplied to ‘fc -s’, ‘fc’ prints an error message and returns failure. - 59. The ‘type’ and ‘command’ builtins will not report a non-executable + 60. The ‘type’ and ‘command’ builtins will not report a non-executable file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in ‘$PATH’. - 60. The ‘vi’ editing mode will invoke the ‘vi’ editor directly when + 61. The ‘vi’ editing mode will invoke the ‘vi’ editor directly when the ‘v’ command is run, instead of checking ‘$VISUAL’ and ‘$EDITOR’. - 61. When the ‘xpg_echo’ option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to + 62. When the ‘xpg_echo’ option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret any arguments to ‘echo’ as options. Each argument is displayed, after escape characters are converted. - 62. The ‘ulimit’ builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the ‘-c’ + 63. The ‘ulimit’ builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the ‘-c’ and ‘-f’ options. - 63. The arrival of ‘SIGCHLD’ when a trap is set on ‘SIGCHLD’ does not + 64. The arrival of ‘SIGCHLD’ when a trap is set on ‘SIGCHLD’ does not interrupt the ‘wait’ builtin and cause it to return immediately. The trap command is run once for each child that exits. - 64. The ‘read’ builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap + 65. The ‘read’ builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing ‘read’, the trap handler executes and ‘read’ returns an exit status greater than 128. - 65. The ‘printf’ builtin uses ‘double’ (via ‘strtod’) to convert + 66. The ‘printf’ builtin uses ‘double’ (via ‘strtod’) to convert arguments corresponding to floating point conversion specifiers, instead of ‘long double’ if it's available. The ‘L’ length modifier forces ‘printf’ to use ‘long double’ if it's available. - 66. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list + 67. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list of such statuses after the ‘wait’ builtin is used to obtain it. - 67. A double quote character (‘"’) is treated specially when it + 68. A double quote character (‘"’) is treated specially when it appears in a backquoted command substitution in the body of a here-document that undergoes expansion. That means, for example, that a backslash preceding a double quote character will escape it and the backslash will be removed. - 68. The ‘test’ builtin compares strings using the current locale when + 69. The ‘test’ builtin compares strings using the current locale when processing the ‘<’ and ‘>’ binary operators. - 69. The ‘test’ builtin's ‘-t’ unary primary requires an argument. + 70. The ‘test’ builtin's ‘-t’ unary primary requires an argument. Historical versions of ‘test’ made the argument optional in certain cases, and Bash attempts to accommodate those for backwards compatibility. - 70. Command substitutions don't set the ‘?’ special parameter. The + 71. Command substitutions don't set the ‘?’ special parameter. The exit status of a simple command without a command word is still the exit status of the last command substitution that occurred while evaluating the variable assignments and redirections in that @@ -7772,6 +7773,11 @@ required for bash-5.1 and later versions. word expansion time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the command is executed. +‘compat52 (set using BASH_COMPAT)’ + • The ‘test’ builtin uses its historical algorithm to parse + parenthesized subexpressions when given five or more + arguments. +  File: bash.info, Node: Job Control, Next: Command Line Editing, Prev: Bash Features, Up: Top @@ -11386,21 +11392,30 @@ the baseline reference. • The expansion ‘${VAR/[/]’PATTERN‘[/’REPLACEMENT‘]}’, which matches PATTERN and replaces it with REPLACEMENT in the value of VAR, is - available (*note Shell Parameter Expansion::). + available (*note Shell Parameter Expansion::), with a mechanism to + use the matched text in REPLACEMENT. • The expansion ‘${!PREFIX*}’ expansion, which expands to the names of all shell variables whose names begin with PREFIX, is available (*note Shell Parameter Expansion::). • Bash has indirect variable expansion using ‘${!word}’ (*note Shell - Parameter Expansion::). + Parameter Expansion::) and implements the ‘nameref’ variable + attribute for automatic indirect variable expansion. • Bash can expand positional parameters beyond ‘$9’ using ‘${NUM}’. + • Bash includes a set of parameter transformation word expansions of + the form ‘${var@X}’, where ‘X’ specifies the transformation. + • The POSIX ‘$()’ form of command substitution is implemented (*note Command Substitution::), and preferred to the Bourne shell's ‘``’ (which is also implemented for backwards compatibility). + • Bash implements a variant of command substitution that runs the + enclosed command in the current shell execution environment (‘${ + COMMAND;}’). + • Bash has process substitution (*note Process Substitution::). • Bash automatically assigns variables that provide information about @@ -11409,6 +11424,12 @@ the baseline reference. instance of Bash that is running (‘BASH’, ‘BASH_VERSION’, and ‘BASH_VERSINFO’). *Note Bash Variables::, for details. + • Bash uses many variables to provide functionality and customize + shell behavior that the Bourne shell does not. Examples include + ‘RANDOM’, ‘SRANDOM’, ‘EPOCHSECONDS’, ‘GLOBSORT’, ‘TIMEFORMAT’, + ‘BASHPID’, ‘BASH_XTRACEFD’, ‘GLOBIGNORE’, ‘HISTIGNORE’, and + ‘BASH_VERSION’. *Note Bash Variables::, for a complete list. + • The ‘IFS’ variable is used to split only the results of expansion, not all words (*note Word Splitting::). This closes a longstanding shell security hole. @@ -11445,7 +11466,7 @@ the baseline reference. same file (*note Redirections::). • Bash includes the ‘<<<’ redirection operator, allowing a string to - be used as the standard input to a command. + be used as the standard input to a command (*note Redirections::). • Bash implements the ‘[n]<&WORD’ and ‘[n]>&WORD’ redirection operators, which move one file descriptor to another. @@ -11469,6 +11490,9 @@ the baseline reference. function via the ‘builtin’ and ‘command’ builtins (*note Bash Builtins::). + • Bash implements support for dynamically loading builtin commands + from shared objects. + • The ‘command’ builtin allows selective disabling of functions when command lookup is performed (*note Bash Builtins::). @@ -11483,6 +11507,15 @@ the baseline reference. • Shell functions may be exported to children via the environment using ‘export -f’ (*note Shell Functions::). + • Bash decodes a number of backslash-escape sequences in the prompt + string variables (‘PS0’, ‘PS1’, ‘PS2’, and ‘PS4’). + + • Bash expands and displays the ‘PS0’ prompt string variable. + + • Bash runs commands from the ‘PROMPT_COMMAND’ array variable before + issuing each primary prompt. + + • Bash decodes a number of backslash-escaped characters • The Bash ‘export’, ‘readonly’, and ‘declare’ builtins can take a ‘-f’ option to act on shell functions, a ‘-p’ option to display variables with various attributes set in a format that can be used @@ -11498,6 +11531,9 @@ the baseline reference. • Bash includes a ‘help’ builtin for quick reference to shell facilities (*note Bash Builtins::). + • Bash includes the ‘mapfile’ builtin to quickly read the contents of + a file into an indexed array variable. + • The ‘printf’ builtin is available to display formatted output (*note Bash Builtins::). @@ -11534,6 +11570,11 @@ the baseline reference. different, as it implements the POSIX algorithm, which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments. + • The Bash ‘wait’ builtin has a ‘-n’ option to wait for the next + child to exit, possibly selecting from a list of supplied jobs, and + the ‘-p’ option to store information about a terminated child + process in a shell variable. + • Bash includes the ‘caller’ builtin, which displays the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or a script executed with the ‘.’ or ‘source’ builtins). This supports the Bash @@ -11645,6 +11686,10 @@ many of the limitations of the SVR4.2 shell. For instance: • The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as ‘jsh’ (it turns on job control). + • If the ‘lastpipe’ option is enabled, and job control is not active, + Bash runs the last element of a pipeline in the current shell + execution environment. +  File: bash.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Indexes, Prev: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell, Up: Top @@ -12924,138 +12969,138 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top895 -Node: Introduction2830 -Node: What is Bash?3043 -Node: What is a shell?4184 -Node: Definitions6763 -Node: Basic Shell Features9939 -Node: Shell Syntax11159 -Node: Shell Operation12186 -Node: Quoting13484 -Node: Escape Character14797 -Node: Single Quotes15295 -Node: Double Quotes15644 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16987 -Node: Locale Translation18372 -Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19716 -Node: Comments23914 -Node: Shell Commands24549 -Node: Reserved Words25488 -Node: Simple Commands26353 -Node: Pipelines27012 -Node: Lists30075 -Node: Compound Commands31947 -Node: Looping Constructs32956 -Node: Conditional Constructs35500 -Node: Command Grouping50404 -Node: Coprocesses51891 -Node: GNU Parallel54587 -Node: Shell Functions55505 -Node: Shell Parameters63611 -Node: Positional Parameters68144 -Node: Special Parameters69079 -Node: Shell Expansions72386 -Node: Brace Expansion74575 -Node: Tilde Expansion77238 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion80004 -Node: Command Substitution99111 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion102644 -Node: Process Substitution103609 -Node: Word Splitting104746 -Node: Filename Expansion106887 -Node: Pattern Matching109983 -Node: Quote Removal115216 -Node: Redirections115520 -Node: Executing Commands125329 -Node: Simple Command Expansion125996 -Node: Command Search and Execution128107 -Node: Command Execution Environment130515 -Node: Environment133824 -Node: Exit Status135528 -Node: Signals137313 -Node: Shell Scripts140927 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands144019 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins146130 -Node: Bash Builtins170534 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior205139 -Node: The Set Builtin205481 -Node: The Shopt Builtin216996 -Node: Special Builtins233732 -Node: Shell Variables234721 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables235155 -Node: Bash Variables237348 -Node: Bash Features273898 -Node: Invoking Bash274912 -Node: Bash Startup Files281311 -Node: Interactive Shells286623 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?287031 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?287697 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior288521 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions292275 -Node: Shell Arithmetic297449 -Node: Aliases300531 -Node: Arrays303486 -Node: The Directory Stack310285 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins311082 -Node: Controlling the Prompt315531 -Node: The Restricted Shell318669 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode321456 -Node: Shell Compatibility Mode338937 -Node: Job Control347423 -Node: Job Control Basics347880 -Node: Job Control Builtins353054 -Node: Job Control Variables359014 -Node: Command Line Editing360191 -Node: Introduction and Notation361895 -Node: Readline Interaction363539 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials364727 -Node: Readline Movement Commands366545 -Node: Readline Killing Commands367542 -Node: Readline Arguments369520 -Node: Searching370577 -Node: Readline Init File372806 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax374088 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs399026 -Node: Sample Init File403391 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands406512 -Node: Commands For Moving407737 -Node: Commands For History409837 -Node: Commands For Text414920 -Node: Commands For Killing418995 -Node: Numeric Arguments421796 -Node: Commands For Completion422948 -Node: Keyboard Macros427264 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands427965 -Node: Readline vi Mode434619 -Node: Programmable Completion435571 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins443528 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example455094 -Node: Using History Interactively460439 -Node: Bash History Facilities461120 -Node: Bash History Builtins464232 -Node: History Interaction469475 -Node: Event Designators473800 -Node: Word Designators475383 -Node: Modifiers477369 -Node: Installing Bash479278 -Node: Basic Installation480412 -Node: Compilers and Options484291 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures485041 -Node: Installation Names486790 -Node: Specifying the System Type489024 -Node: Sharing Defaults489770 -Node: Operation Controls490484 -Node: Optional Features491503 -Node: Reporting Bugs503305 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell504654 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License522463 -Node: Indexes547640 -Node: Builtin Index548091 -Node: Reserved Word Index555189 -Node: Variable Index557634 -Node: Function Index574765 -Node: Concept Index588621 +Node: Top893 +Node: Introduction2826 +Node: What is Bash?3039 +Node: What is a shell?4180 +Node: Definitions6759 +Node: Basic Shell Features9935 +Node: Shell Syntax11155 +Node: Shell Operation12182 +Node: Quoting13480 +Node: Escape Character14793 +Node: Single Quotes15291 +Node: Double Quotes15640 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16983 +Node: Locale Translation18368 +Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19712 +Node: Comments23910 +Node: Shell Commands24545 +Node: Reserved Words25484 +Node: Simple Commands26349 +Node: Pipelines27008 +Node: Lists30071 +Node: Compound Commands31943 +Node: Looping Constructs32952 +Node: Conditional Constructs35496 +Node: Command Grouping50400 +Node: Coprocesses51887 +Node: GNU Parallel54583 +Node: Shell Functions55501 +Node: Shell Parameters63607 +Node: Positional Parameters68140 +Node: Special Parameters69075 +Node: Shell Expansions72382 +Node: Brace Expansion74571 +Node: Tilde Expansion77234 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion80000 +Node: Command Substitution99107 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion102640 +Node: Process Substitution103605 +Node: Word Splitting104742 +Node: Filename Expansion106883 +Node: Pattern Matching109979 +Node: Quote Removal115212 +Node: Redirections115516 +Node: Executing Commands125325 +Node: Simple Command Expansion125992 +Node: Command Search and Execution128103 +Node: Command Execution Environment130511 +Node: Environment133820 +Node: Exit Status135524 +Node: Signals137309 +Node: Shell Scripts140923 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands144015 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins146126 +Node: Bash Builtins170530 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior205135 +Node: The Set Builtin205477 +Node: The Shopt Builtin216992 +Node: Special Builtins233728 +Node: Shell Variables234717 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables235151 +Node: Bash Variables237344 +Node: Bash Features273894 +Node: Invoking Bash274908 +Node: Bash Startup Files281307 +Node: Interactive Shells286619 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?287027 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?287693 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior288517 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions292271 +Node: Shell Arithmetic297445 +Node: Aliases300527 +Node: Arrays303482 +Node: The Directory Stack310281 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins311078 +Node: Controlling the Prompt315527 +Node: The Restricted Shell318665 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode321452 +Node: Shell Compatibility Mode338963 +Node: Job Control347647 +Node: Job Control Basics348104 +Node: Job Control Builtins353278 +Node: Job Control Variables359238 +Node: Command Line Editing360415 +Node: Introduction and Notation362119 +Node: Readline Interaction363763 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials364951 +Node: Readline Movement Commands366769 +Node: Readline Killing Commands367766 +Node: Readline Arguments369744 +Node: Searching370801 +Node: Readline Init File373030 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax374312 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs399250 +Node: Sample Init File403615 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands406736 +Node: Commands For Moving407961 +Node: Commands For History410061 +Node: Commands For Text415144 +Node: Commands For Killing419219 +Node: Numeric Arguments422020 +Node: Commands For Completion423172 +Node: Keyboard Macros427488 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands428189 +Node: Readline vi Mode434843 +Node: Programmable Completion435795 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins443752 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example455318 +Node: Using History Interactively460663 +Node: Bash History Facilities461344 +Node: Bash History Builtins464456 +Node: History Interaction469699 +Node: Event Designators474024 +Node: Word Designators475607 +Node: Modifiers477593 +Node: Installing Bash479502 +Node: Basic Installation480636 +Node: Compilers and Options484515 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures485265 +Node: Installation Names487014 +Node: Specifying the System Type489248 +Node: Sharing Defaults489994 +Node: Operation Controls490708 +Node: Optional Features491727 +Node: Reporting Bugs503529 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell504878 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License524613 +Node: Indexes549790 +Node: Builtin Index550241 +Node: Reserved Word Index557339 +Node: Variable Index559784 +Node: Function Index576915 +Node: Concept Index590771  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index d87c401c..099b3b11 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 026a6af6..4c6650e2 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,14 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Sun Sep 10 17:14:43 2023 -%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman +%%Creator: groff version 1.23.0 +%%CreationDate: Thu Apr 4 17:50:31 2024 +%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Italic +%%+ font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold -%%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol -%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 4 -%%Pages: 89 +%%+ font Courier-Bold +%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.23 0 +%%Pages: 90 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ %%PageMedia: Default %%EndDefaults %%BeginProlog -%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.22 4 +%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.23 0 %!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-ProcSet /setpacking where{ pop @@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ currentpacking true setpacking }if /grops 120 dict dup begin +% The ASCII code of the space character. /SC 32 def /A/show load def /B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def @@ -45,16 +47,18 @@ true setpacking /R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def +% name size font SF - /SF{ findfont exch [exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def }bind def +% name a c d font MF - /MF{ findfont [5 2 roll -0 3 1 roll +0 3 1 roll % b neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def @@ -63,13 +67,19 @@ dup setfont /RES 0 def /PL 0 def /LS 0 def +% Enable manual feed. +% MANUAL - /MANUAL{ statusdict begin/manualfeed true store end }bind def +% Guess the page length. +% This assumes that the imageable area is vertically centered on the page. +% PLG - length /PLG{ gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore exch pop add exch pop }bind def +% BP - /BP{ /level0 save def 1 setlinecap @@ -87,47 +97,61 @@ LS{ level0 restore showpage }def +% centerx centery radius startangle endangle DA - /DA{ newpath arcn stroke }bind def +% x y SN - x' y' +% round a position to nearest (pixel + (.25,.25)) /SN{ transform .25 sub exch .25 sub exch round .25 add exch round .25 add exch itransform }bind def +% endx endy startx starty DL - +% we round the endpoints of the line, so that parallel horizontal +% and vertical lines will appear even /DL{ SN moveto SN lineto stroke }bind def +% centerx centery radius DC - /DC{ newpath 0 360 arc closepath }bind def /TM matrix def +% width height centerx centery DE - /DE{ TM currentmatrix pop translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath TM setmatrix }bind def +% these are for splines /RC/rcurveto load def /RL/rlineto load def /ST/stroke load def /MT/moveto load def /CL/closepath load def +% fill the last path +% r g b Fr - /Fr{ setrgbcolor fill }bind def +% c m y k Fk - /setcmykcolor where{ pop /Fk{ setcmykcolor fill }bind def }if +% g Fg - /Fg{ setgray fill }bind def +% fill with the "current color" /FL/fill load def /LW/setlinewidth load def /Cr/setrgbcolor load def @@ -136,6 +160,7 @@ pop /Ck/setcmykcolor load def }if /Cg/setgray load def +% new_font_name encoding_vector old_font_name RE - /RE{ findfont dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin @@ -150,6 +175,7 @@ dup/FontName exch def currentdict end definefont pop }bind def /DEFS 0 def +% hpos vpos EBEGIN - /EBEGIN{ moveto DEFS begin @@ -157,11 +183,13 @@ DEFS begin /EEND/end load def /CNT 0 def /level1 0 def +% llx lly newwid wid newht ht newllx newlly PBEGIN - /PBEGIN{ /level1 save def translate div 3 1 roll div exch scale neg exch neg exch translate +% set the graphics state to default values 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth @@ -180,6 +208,10 @@ newpath /CNT countdictstack def userdict begin /showpage{}def +% +% Any included setpagedevice should be ignored. +% See: http://www.w-beer.de/doc/ps/. +% /setpagedevice{}def mark }bind def @@ -199,11 +231,12 @@ setpacking %%BeginFeature: *PageSize Default << 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The)3.478 F F2 +3.478 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0(\214le)3.478 E F1(option)3.478 E(will force) +108 96 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F1(to read and e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cute commands from).15 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1(instead of)2.5 E F0 +(\001/.bashr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F1(.)A(When)108 112.8 Q F2(bash)5.306 E F1 +2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t) +-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806(un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805 +(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.27(BA)108 124.8 S(SH_ENV).27 E F1 1.01(in the en)3.26 F 1.01 (vironment, e)-.4 F 1.01(xpands its v)-.15 F 1.01 (alue if it appears there, and uses the e)-.25 F 1.011(xpanded v)-.15 F -1.011(alue as the)-.25 F(name of a \214le to read and e)108 96 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cute.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5 E F0(beha)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.5(sa).15 G 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E -(wing command were e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted:).15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 -SF(if [ \255n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi)144 114 Q F0 -.2(bu) -108 132 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G -(riable is not used to search for the \214lename.).25 E(If)108 148.8 Q -F2(bash)3.417 E F0 .917(is in)3.417 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.417(dw) -.1 G .917(ith the name)-3.417 F F2(sh)3.417 E F0 3.417(,i)C 3.417(tt) +1.011(alue as the)-.25 F(name of a \214le to read and e)108 136.8 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cute.).15 E F2(Bash)5 E F1(beha)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(sa) +.15 G 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing command were e) +-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted:).15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +(if [ \255n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi)144 153.6 Q F1 -.2(bu) +108 170.4 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G +(TH)-.189 E F1 -.25(va)2.25 G +(riable is not used to search for the \214lename.).25 E(If)108 187.2 Q +F2(bash)3.417 E F1 .917(is in)3.417 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.417(dw) +.1 G .917(ith the name)-3.417 F F2(sh)3.417 E F1 3.417(,i)C 3.417(tt) -3.417 G .917(ries to mimic the startup beha)-3.417 F .917 -(vior of historical v)-.2 F .917(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.417 E F0(as) +(vior of historical v)-.2 F .917(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.417 E F1(as) 3.417 E .145 (closely as possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.) -108 160.8 R .145(When in)5.145 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.645(da).1 G +108 199.2 R .145(When in)5.145 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.645(da).1 G 2.645(sa)-2.645 G 2.645(ni)-2.645 G(nteracti)-2.645 E .445 -.15(ve l) --.25 H(ogin).15 E 1.264(shell, or a non-interacti)108 172.8 R 1.564 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H 1.264(hell with the).15 F F2(\255\255login)3.764 E F0 1.264 +-.25 H(ogin).15 E 1.264(shell, or a non-interacti)108 211.2 R 1.564 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H 1.264(hell with the).15 F F2(\255\255login)3.764 E F1 1.264 (option, it \214rst attempts to read and e)3.764 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.263 -(cute commands).15 F(from)108 184.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/pr) -4.006 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(and)3.036 E F4(\001/.pr)2.956 E(o\214le)-.45 E -F0 2.856(,i).18 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356(hat order)-2.856 F 5.356(.T) --.55 G(he)-5.356 E F2(\255\255nopr)2.856 E(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .357 +(cute commands).15 F(from)108 223.2 Q F0(/etc/pr)4.006 E(o\214le)-.45 E +F1(and)3.036 E F0(\001/.pr)2.956 E(o\214le)-.45 E F1 2.856(,i).18 G +2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356(hat order)-2.856 F 5.356(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.356 E F2 +(\255\255nopr)2.856 E(o\214le)-.18 E F1 .357 (option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.856 F(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E -.418(When in)108 196.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.918(da).1 G 2.918 +.418(When in)108 235.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.918(da).1 G 2.918 (sa)-2.918 G 2.918(ni)-2.918 G(nteracti)-2.918 E .718 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.418(hell with the name).15 F F2(sh)2.918 E F0(,)A F2(bash)2.918 E F0 -.418(looks for the v)2.918 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(ENV)2.918 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.15(ex)2.667 G .417(pands its v).15 F(alue) --.25 E .171(if it is de\214ned, and uses the e)108 208.8 R .171 +.418(hell with the name).15 F F2(sh)2.918 E F1(,)A F2(bash)2.918 E F1 +.418(looks for the v)2.918 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(ENV)2.918 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 -.15(ex)2.667 G .417(pands its v).15 F(alue) +-.25 E .171(if it is de\214ned, and uses the e)108 247.2 R .171 (xpanded v)-.15 F .171(alue as the name of a \214le to read and e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.671(cute. Since).15 F 2.671(as)2.671 G .171(hell in) --2.671 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(as)108 220.8 Q F2(sh)3.081 E F0 +-2.671 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(as)108 259.2 Q F2(sh)3.081 E F1 .581(does not attempt to read and e)3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581 (cute commands from an).15 F 3.08(yo)-.15 G .58 -(ther startup \214les, the)-3.08 F F23.08 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 -.58(option has)3.08 F .182(no ef)108 232.8 R 2.682(fect. A)-.25 F +(ther startup \214les, the)-3.08 F F23.08 E(c\214le)-.18 E F1 +.58(option has)3.08 F .182(no ef)108 271.2 R 2.682(fect. A)-.25 F (non-interacti)2.682 E .482 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .182(hell in).15 F -.2(vo) -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.682(dw).1 G .182(ith the name)-2.682 F F2(sh)2.682 E -F0 .182(does not attempt to read an)2.682 F 2.683(yo)-.15 G .183 -(ther startup \214les.)-2.683 F(When in)108 244.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) -.2 G 2.5(da).1 G(s)-2.5 E F2(sh)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(bash)2.5 E F0(enters)2.5 -E F4(posix)3.75 E F0(mode after the startup \214les are read.)3.03 E -(When)108 261.6 Q F2(bash)2.727 E F0 .226(is started in)2.727 F F4 -(posix)3.976 E F0 .226(mode, as with the)3.256 F F2(\255\255posix)2.726 -E F0 .226(command line option, it follo)2.726 F .226(ws the POSIX stan-) --.25 F .341(dard for startup \214les.)108 273.6 R .341 -(In this mode, interacti)5.341 F .641 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .341(hells e).15 -F .341(xpand the)-.15 F F1(ENV)2.841 E F0 -.25(va)2.591 G .342 -(riable and commands are read and).25 F -.15(exe)108 285.6 S -(cuted from the \214le whose name is the e).15 E(xpanded v)-.15 E 2.5 -(alue. No)-.25 F(other startup \214les are read.)2.5 E F2(Bash)108 302.4 -Q F0 .224(attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard \ -input connected to a netw)2.724 F .223(ork connection,)-.1 F .521 -(as when e)108 314.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .521 -(cuted by the historical remote shell daemon, usually).15 F F4 -.1(rs) -3.021 G(hd).1 E F0 3.021(,o)C 3.021(rt)-3.021 G .521 -(he secure shell daemon)-3.021 F F4(sshd)3.022 E F0 5.522(.I)C(f)-5.522 -E F2(bash)108 326.4 Q F0 1.523(determines it is being run non-interacti) +F1 .182(does not attempt to read an)2.682 F 2.683(yo)-.15 G .183 +(ther startup \214les.)-2.683 F(When in)108 283.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 2.5(da).1 G(s)-2.5 E F2(sh)2.5 E F1(,)A F2(bash)2.5 E F1(enters)2.5 +E F0(posix)3.75 E F1(mode after the startup \214les are read.)3.03 E +(When)108 300 Q F2(bash)2.727 E F1 .226(is started in)2.727 F F0(posix) +3.976 E F1 .226(mode, as with the)3.256 F F2(\255\255posix)2.726 E F1 +.226(command line option, it follo)2.726 F .226(ws the POSIX stan-)-.25 +F .341(dard for startup \214les.)108 312 R .341(In this mode, interacti) +5.341 F .641 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .341(hells e).15 F .341(xpand the)-.15 F +F3(ENV)2.841 E F1 -.25(va)2.591 G .342(riable and commands are read and) +.25 F -.15(exe)108 324 S(cuted from the \214le whose name is the e).15 E +(xpanded v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. No)-.25 F(other startup \214les are read.) +2.5 E F2(Bash)108 340.8 Q F1 .224(attempts to determine when it is bein\ +g run with its standard input connected to a netw)2.724 F .223 +(ork connection,)-.1 F .521(as when e)108 352.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .521 +(cuted by the historical remote shell daemon, usually).15 F F0 -.1(rs) +3.021 G(hd).1 E F1 3.021(,o)C 3.021(rt)-3.021 G .521 +(he secure shell daemon)-3.021 F F0(sshd)3.022 E F1 5.522(.I)C(f)-5.522 +E F2(bash)108 364.8 Q F1 1.523(determines it is being run non-interacti) 4.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.523(ly in this f).15 F 1.522 (ashion, it reads and e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.522(cutes commands from) -.15 F F4(\001/.bashr)108 338.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.748(,i)C 2.748(ft)-2.748 +.15 F F0(\001/.bashr)108 376.8 Q(c)-.37 E F1 2.748(,i)C 2.748(ft)-2.748 G .248(hat \214le e)-2.748 F .248(xists and is readable.)-.15 F .249 (It will not do this if in)5.248 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.749(da).1 -G(s)-2.749 E F2(sh)2.749 E F0 5.249(.T)C(he)-5.249 E F22.749 -E(c)-.18 E F0 .249(option may be)2.749 F .61(used to inhibit this beha) -108 350.4 R(vior)-.2 E 3.11(,a)-.4 G .61(nd the)-3.11 F F23.11 E -(c\214le)-.18 E F0 .609 +G(s)-2.749 E F2(sh)2.749 E F1 5.249(.T)C(he)-5.249 E F22.749 +E(c)-.18 E F1 .249(option may be)2.749 F .61(used to inhibit this beha) +108 388.8 R(vior)-.2 E 3.11(,a)-.4 G .61(nd the)-3.11 F F23.11 E +(c\214le)-.18 E F1 .609 (option may be used to force another \214le to be read, b)3.11 F .609 -(ut nei-)-.2 F(ther)108 362.4 Q F4 -.1(rs)2.5 G(hd).1 E F0(nor)2.5 E F4 -(sshd)2.5 E F0(generally in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H +(ut nei-)-.2 F(ther)108 400.8 Q F0 -.1(rs)2.5 G(hd).1 E F1(nor)2.5 E F0 +(sshd)2.5 E F1(generally in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H (he shell with those options or allo).1 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G (hem to be speci\214ed.)-2.5 E .433(If the shell is started with the ef) -108 379.2 R(fecti)-.25 E .733 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .433 +108 417.6 R(fecti)-.25 E .733 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .433 (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F -F22.934 E F0(op-)2.934 E 1.124(tion is not supplied, no startup \ +F22.934 E F1(op-)2.934 E 1.124(tion is not supplied, no startup \ \214les are read, shell functions are not inherited from the en)108 -391.2 R 1.124(vironment, the)-.4 F F1(SHELLOPTS)108 403.2 Q F5(,)A F1 --.27(BA)2.959 G(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F1(CDP)2.959 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.959 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.209 E F0 -.25(va)2.959 G +429.6 R 1.124(vironment, the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)108 441.6 Q F5(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)2.959 G(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F3(CDP)2.959 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F5(,)A F1(and)2.959 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.209 E F1 -.25(va)2.959 G .709(riables, if the).25 F 3.209(ya)-.15 G .71(ppear in the en)-3.209 F -.71(vironment, are)-.4 F .905(ignored, and the ef)108 415.2 R(fecti)-.25 +.71(vironment, are)-.4 F .905(ignored, and the ef)108 453.6 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.205 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .904(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F -.904(If the)5.904 F F23.404 E F0 .904(option is supplied at in) -3.404 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .904(cation, the).2 F(startup beha)108 427.2 Q +.904(If the)5.904 F F23.404 E F1 .904(option is supplied at in) +3.404 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .904(cation, the).2 F(startup beha)108 465.6 Q (vior is the same, b)-.2 E(ut the ef)-.2 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u) -.25 H(ser id is not reset.).15 E/F6 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS) -72 444 Q F0(The follo)108 456 Q +72 482.4 Q F1(The follo)108 494.4 Q (wing de\214nitions are used throughout the rest of this document.)-.25 -E F2(blank)108 468 Q F0 2.5(As)144 468 S(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E F2 --.1(wo)108 480 S(rd).1 E F0 2.5(As)144 480 S +E F2(blank)108 506.4 Q F1 2.5(As)144 506.4 S(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E +F2 -.1(wo)108 518.4 S(rd).1 E F1 2.5(As)144 518.4 S (equence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.)-2.5 E -(Also kno)5 E(wn as a)-.25 E F2(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(.)A F2(name)108 -492 Q F0(A)144 492 Q F4(wor)3.005 E(d)-.37 E F0 .165 +(Also kno)5 E(wn as a)-.25 E F2(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(name)108 +530.4 Q F1(A)144 530.4 Q F0(wor)3.005 E(d)-.37 E F1 .165 (consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and be) 3.435 F .166(ginning with an alpha-)-.15 F -(betic character or an underscore.)144 504 Q(Also referred to as an)5 E -F2(identi\214er)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(metacharacter)108 516 Q F0 2.5(Ac)144 -528 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)-2.5 E 2.5(ords. One)-.1 -F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144 540 S 2.5 -(pace tab newline)-5 F(contr)108 552 Q(ol operator)-.18 E F0(A)144 564 Q -F4(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(that performs a control function.)2.5 E -(It is one of the follo)5 E(wing symbols:)-.25 E F2 2.5 -(|| & && ; ;; ;& ;;& \( \) | |&)144 576 R()10 E F6(RESER)72 -592.8 Q(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F4 .307(Reserved wor)108 604.8 R(ds) --.37 E F0 .307(are w)2.807 F .307(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 -.15(ve a s) --.2 H .306(pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306(The follo)5.306 F -.306(wing w)-.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F(reserv)108 616.8 Q -.313(ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F .314 -(ord of a command \(see)-.1 F F1 .314(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.814 F F0(belo) -2.564 E .314(w\), the third)-.25 F -.1(wo)108 628.8 S .644(rd of a).1 F -F2(case)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F2(select)3.143 E F0 .643(command \(only) -3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F0 .643(is v)3.143 F .643(alid\), or the third w) --.25 F .643(ord of a)-.1 F F2 -.25(fo)3.143 G(r).25 E F0 .643 -(command \(only)3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F0(and)3.143 E F2(do)3.143 E F0 -(are v)108 640.8 Q(alid\):)-.25 E F2 11.295(!c)144 657.6 S 8.795 -(ase copr)-11.295 F 8.795(oc do done elif else esac \214 f)-.18 F 8.795 +(betic character or an underscore.)144 542.4 Q(Also referred to as an)5 +E F2(identi\214er)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(metacharacter)108 554.4 Q F1 2.5(Ac) +144 566.4 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)-2.5 E 2.5 +(ords. One)-.1 F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144 +578.4 S 2.5(pace tab newline)-5 F(contr)108 590.4 Q(ol operator)-.18 E +F1(A)144 602.4 Q F0(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F1 +(that performs a control function.)2.5 E(It is one of the follo)5 E +(wing symbols:)-.25 E F2 2.5(|| & && ; ;; ;& ;;& \( \) | |&)144 614.4 R +()10 E F6(RESER)72 631.2 Q(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F0 .307 +(Reserved wor)108 643.2 R(ds)-.37 E F1 .307(are w)2.807 F .307 +(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .306 +(pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306(The follo)5.306 F .306(wing w) +-.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F(reserv)108 655.2 Q .313 +(ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F .314 +(ord of a command \(see)-.1 F F3 .314(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.814 F F1(belo) +2.564 E .314(w\), the third)-.25 F -.1(wo)108 667.2 S .644(rd of a).1 F +F2(case)3.144 E F1(or)3.144 E F2(select)3.143 E F1 .643(command \(only) +3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F1 .643(is v)3.143 F .643(alid\), or the third w) +-.25 F .643(ord of a)-.1 F F2 -.25(fo)3.143 G(r).25 E F1 .643 +(command \(only)3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F1(and)3.143 E F2(do)3.143 E F1 +(are v)108 679.2 Q(alid\):)-.25 E F2 11.295(!c)144 696 S 8.795(ase copr) +-11.295 F 8.795(oc do done elif else esac \214 f)-.18 F 8.795 (or function if in select then)-.25 F 7.5(until while { } time [[ ]])144 -669.6 R F6(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 686.4 Q F0 -(This section describes the syntax of the v)108 698.4 Q -(arious forms of shell commands.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(3)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +708 R F1(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(3)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Simple Commands)87 84 Q F0(A)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .389 -(simple command)2.889 F F0 .389(is a sequence of optional v)2.889 F .388 -(ariable assignments follo)-.25 F .388(wed by)-.25 F F1(blank)2.888 E F0 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 84 Q F1 +(This section describes the syntax of the v)108 96 Q +(arious forms of shell commands.)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Simple Commands)87 112.8 Q F1(A)108 124.8 Q F0 .389(simple command) +2.889 F F1 .389(is a sequence of optional v)2.889 F .388 +(ariable assignments follo)-.25 F .388(wed by)-.25 F F3(blank)2.888 E F1 .388(-separated w)B .388(ords and)-.1 F .815 -(redirections, and terminated by a)108 108 R F2(contr)3.315 E .815 -(ol oper)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 5.815(.T)C .815(he \214rst w)-5.815 F +(redirections, and terminated by a)108 136.8 R F0(contr)3.315 E .815 +(ol oper)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F1 5.815(.T)C .815(he \214rst w)-5.815 F .816(ord speci\214es the command to be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 -E(and is passed as ar)108 120 Q(gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E -(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E(guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.)-2.5 E(The return v)108 136.8 Q(alue of a) --.25 E F2(simple command)2.5 E F0(is its e)2.5 E(xit status, or 128+) --.15 E F2(n)A F0(if the command is terminated by signal)3.333 E F2(n) -2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(Pipelines)87 153.6 Q F0(A)108 165.6 Q F2(pipeline) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one \ -of the control operators)2.996 F F1(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F1(|&)2.996 -E F0 5.496(.T)C(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 177.6 Q([)144 -194.4 Q F1(time)A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [ ! ])A F2(command1)2.5 E -F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(|)-2.5 E/F3 10/Symbol SFA F1(|&)A F0(])A F2 -(command2)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E .799(The standard output of)108 211.2 R -F2(command1)3.499 E F0 .799 -(is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.299 F F2(command2) -3.5 E F0 5.8(.T).02 G .8(his con-)-5.8 F .215 -(nection is performed before an)108 223.2 R 2.715(yr)-.15 G .214 -(edirections speci\214ed by the)-2.715 F F2(command1)2.914 E F0(\(see)A -/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.714 E F0(belo)2.464 E 2.714(w\). If) --.25 F F1(|&)2.714 E F0 .126(is used,)108 235.2 R F2(command1)2.626 E F0 +E(and is passed as ar)108 148.8 Q(gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 +E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E(guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.)-2.5 E(The return v)108 165.6 Q(alue of a) +-.25 E F0(simple command)2.5 E F1(is its e)2.5 E(xit status, or 128+) +-.15 E F0(n)A F1(if the command is terminated by signal)3.333 E F0(n) +2.86 E F1(.).24 E F3(Pipelines)87 182.4 Q F1(A)108 194.4 Q F0(pipeline) +2.996 E F1 .496(is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one \ +of the control operators)2.996 F F3(|)2.996 E F1(or)2.996 E F3(|&)2.996 +E F1 5.496(.T)C(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 206.4 Q([)144 +223.2 Q F3(time)A F1([)2.5 E F3A F1(]] [ ! ])A F0(command1)2.5 E +F1 2.5([[)2.5 G F3(|)-2.5 E/F4 10/Symbol SFA F3(|&)A F1(])A F0 +(command2)2.5 E F1 -3.332 1.666(... ])2.5 H .799(The standard output of) +108 240 R F0(command1)3.499 E F1 .799 +(is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.299 F F0(command2) +3.5 E F1 5.8(.T).02 G .8(his con-)-5.8 F .215 +(nection is performed before an)108 252 R 2.715(yr)-.15 G .214 +(edirections speci\214ed by the)-2.715 F F0(command1)2.914 E F1(\(see)A +/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.714 E F1(belo)2.464 E 2.714(w\). If) +-.25 F F3(|&)2.714 E F1 .126(is used,)108 264 R F0(command1)2.626 E F1 1.226 -.55('s s)D .126(tandard error).55 F 2.626(,i)-.4 G 2.626(na) -2.626 G .126(ddition to its standard output, is connected to)-2.626 F -F2(command2)2.626 E F0 1.226 -.55('s s)D(tandard).55 E .028 -(input through the pipe; it is shorthand for)108 247.2 R F1 .028(2>&1 |) -2.528 F F0 5.028(.T)C .028 +F0(command2)2.626 E F1 1.226 -.55('s s)D(tandard).55 E .028 +(input through the pipe; it is shorthand for)108 276 R F3 .028(2>&1 |) +2.528 F F1 5.028(.T)C .028 (his implicit redirection of the standard error to the stan-)-5.028 F -(dard output is performed after an)108 259.2 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G -(edirections speci\214ed by)-2.5 E F2(command1)2.5 E F0(.)A .48 -(The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 276 R .48 -(xit status of the last command, unless the)-.15 F F1(pipefail)2.98 E F0 -.48(option is enabled.)2.98 F(If)108 288 Q F1(pipefail)2.687 E F0 .187 +(dard output is performed after an)108 288 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G +(edirections speci\214ed by)-2.5 E F0(command1)2.5 E F1(.)A .48 +(The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 304.8 R .48 +(xit status of the last command, unless the)-.15 F F3(pipefail)2.98 E F1 +.48(option is enabled.)2.98 F(If)108 316.8 Q F3(pipefail)2.687 E F1 .187 (is enabled, the pipeline')2.687 F 2.687(sr)-.55 G .186 (eturn status is the v)-2.687 F .186 (alue of the last \(rightmost\) command to e)-.25 F .186(xit with a)-.15 -F .61(non-zero status, or zero if all commands e)108 300 R .611 +F .61(non-zero status, or zero if all commands e)108 328.8 R .611 (xit successfully)-.15 F 5.611(.I)-.65 G 3.111(ft)-5.611 G .611 -(he reserv)-3.111 F .611(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(!)3.111 E F0 .611 -(precedes a pipeline, the)5.611 F -.15(ex)108 312 S .55 +(he reserv)-3.111 F .611(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F3(!)3.111 E F1 .611 +(precedes a pipeline, the)5.611 F -.15(ex)108 340.8 S .55 (it status of that pipeline is the logical ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .55 (tion of the e).05 F .55(xit status as described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.55(.T).15 G .55(he shell w)-5.55 F .55(aits for)-.1 F -(all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a v)108 324 -Q(alue.)-.25 E .298(If the)108 340.8 R F1(time)2.799 E F0(reserv)2.799 E -.299(ed w)-.15 F .299(ord precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as u\ -ser and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 352.8 S .14 -(cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E F1 -2.639 E F0 .139(option changes the output format to that spec-) -2.639 F .302(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 364.8 R .303(When the shell is in) -5.302 F F2 .303(posix mode)2.803 F F0 2.803(,i)C 2.803(td)-2.803 G .303 -(oes not recognize)-2.803 F F1(time)2.803 E F0 .303(as a reserv)2.803 F -.303(ed w)-.15 F .303(ord if the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E(tok)108 376.8 Q .736 -(en be)-.1 F .736(gins with a `-'.)-.15 F(The)5.736 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.236 -E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.986 G .736 -(riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.235 -(wt)-.25 G(he)-3.235 E .879 +(all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a v)108 +352.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E .298(If the)108 369.6 R F3(time)2.799 E F1(reserv) +2.799 E .299(ed w)-.15 F .299(ord precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as w\ +ell as user and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 381.6 S +.14(cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E +F32.639 E F1 .139(option changes the output format to that spec-) +2.639 F .302(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 393.6 R .303(When the shell is in) +5.302 F F0 .303(posix mode)2.803 F F1 2.803(,i)C 2.803(td)-2.803 G .303 +(oes not recognize)-2.803 F F3(time)2.803 E F1 .303(as a reserv)2.803 F +.303(ed w)-.15 F .303(ord if the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E(tok)108 405.6 Q .485 +(en be)-.1 F .485(gins with a \231\255\232.)-.15 F(The)5.484 E F5 +(TIMEFORMA)2.984 E(T)-.855 E F1 -.25(va)2.734 G .484 +(riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 2.984 +(wt)-.25 G(he)-2.984 E .879 (timing information should be displayed; see the description of)108 -388.8 R F4(TIMEFORMA)3.38 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)3.13 E F1 .88(Shell V) -3.38 F(ariables)-.92 E F0(be-)3.38 E(lo)108 400.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .162 -(When the shell is in)108 417.6 R F2 .162(posix mode)2.662 F F0(,)A F1 -(time)2.662 E F0 .162(may be follo)2.662 F .161(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.661 +417.6 R F5(TIMEFORMA)3.38 E(T)-.855 E F1(under)3.13 E F3 .88(Shell V) +3.38 F(ariables)-.92 E F1(be-)3.38 E(lo)108 429.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .162 +(When the shell is in)108 446.4 R F0 .162(posix mode)2.662 F F1(,)A F3 +(time)2.662 E F1 .162(may be follo)2.662 F .161(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.661 (wline. In)-.25 F .161(this case, the shell displays the to-)2.661 F .31 (tal user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.)108 -429.6 R(The)5.31 E F4(TIMEFORMA)2.81 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.56 G .31 -(riable speci\214es the).25 F(format of the time information.)108 441.6 +458.4 R(The)5.31 E F5(TIMEFORMA)2.81 E(T)-.855 E F1 -.25(va)2.56 G .31 +(riable speci\214es the).25 F(format of the time information.)108 470.4 Q .304(Each command in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are create\ -d, is e)108 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .303(cuted in a).15 F F2(subshell) -2.803 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(hich is a)-2.803 F .207(separate process.)108 -470.4 R(See)5.207 E F4 .208(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.708 F(ONMENT)-.27 -E F0 .208(for a description of subshells and a sub-)2.458 F .927 -(shell en)108 482.4 R 3.427(vironment. If)-.4 F(the)3.427 E F1(lastpipe) -3.427 E F0 .927(option is enabled using the)3.427 F F1(shopt)3.427 E F0 --.2(bu)3.427 G .927(iltin \(see the description of).2 F F1(shopt)3.426 E -F0(belo)108 494.4 Q(w\), the last element of a pipeline may be run by t\ +d, is e)108 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .303(cuted in a).15 F F0(subshell) +2.803 E F1 2.803(,w)C .303(hich is a)-2.803 F .207(separate process.)108 +499.2 R(See)5.207 E F5 .208(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.708 F(ONMENT)-.27 +E F1 .208(for a description of subshells and a sub-)2.458 F .927 +(shell en)108 511.2 R 3.427(vironment. If)-.4 F(the)3.427 E F3(lastpipe) +3.427 E F1 .927(option is enabled using the)3.427 F F3(shopt)3.427 E F1 +-.2(bu)3.427 G .927(iltin \(see the description of).2 F F3(shopt)3.426 E +F1(belo)108 523.2 Q(w\), the last element of a pipeline may be run by t\ he shell process when job control is not acti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.) -.15 E F1(Lists)87 511.2 Q F0(A)108 523.2 Q F2(list)2.849 E F0 .349(is a\ - sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators) -2.849 F F1(;)2.85 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.85 E F0(,)A F1(&&)2.85 E F0 2.85(,o)C -(r)-2.85 E F1(||)2.85 E F0 2.85(,a)C .35(nd option-)-2.85 F -(ally terminated by one of)108 535.2 Q F1(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1()2.5 E F0(.)A .961 -(Of these list operators,)108 552 R F1(&&)3.461 E F0(and)3.461 E F1(||) -3.461 E F0(ha)3.461 E 1.261 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961(qual precedence, follo) -.15 F .96(wed by)-.25 F F1(;)3.46 E F0(and)3.46 E F1(&)3.46 E F0 3.46 -(,w)C .96(hich ha)-3.46 F 1.26 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .96(qual prece-).15 F -(dence.)108 564 Q 2.5(As)108 580.8 S(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E -(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 -(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 -(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 597.6 R F1(&) -2.529 E F0 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 -(cutes the command in the).15 F F2(bac)2.529 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 -(in)2.529 E 2.678(as)108 609.6 S 2.678(ubshell. The)-2.678 F .178 +.15 E F3(Lists)87 540 Q F1(A)108 552 Q F0(list)2.849 E F1 .349(is a seq\ +uence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.849 F +F3(;)2.85 E F1(,)A F3(&)2.85 E F1(,)A F3(&&)2.85 E F1 2.85(,o)C(r)-2.85 +E F3(||)2.85 E F1 2.85(,a)C .35(nd option-)-2.85 F +(ally terminated by one of)108 564 Q F3(;)2.5 E F1(,)A F3(&)2.5 E F1 2.5 +(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F3()2.5 E F1(.)A .961(Of these list operators,) +108 580.8 R F3(&&)3.461 E F1(and)3.461 E F3(||)3.461 E F1(ha)3.461 E +1.261 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961(qual precedence, follo).15 F .96(wed by)-.25 +F F3(;)3.46 E F1(and)3.46 E F3(&)3.46 E F1 3.46(,w)C .96(hich ha)-3.46 F +1.26 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .96(qual prece-).15 F(dence.)108 592.8 Q 2.5(As)108 +609.6 S(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E +F0(list)2.5 E F1(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 +(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 626.4 R F3(&) +2.529 E F1 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 +(cutes the command in the).15 F F0(bac)2.529 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F1 +(in)2.529 E 2.678(as)108 638.4 S 2.678(ubshell. The)-2.678 F .178 (shell does not w)2.678 F .178 (ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .178 -(These are referred)5.178 F .778(to as)108 621.6 R F2(async)3.278 E(hr) --.15 E(onous)-.45 E F0 3.278(commands. Commands)3.278 F .779 -(separated by a)3.278 F F1(;)3.279 E F0 .779(are e)3.279 F -.15(xe)-.15 +(These are referred)5.178 F .778(to as)108 650.4 R F0(async)3.278 E(hr) +-.15 E(onous)-.45 E F1 3.278(commands. Commands)3.278 F .779 +(separated by a)3.278 F F3(;)3.279 E F1 .779(are e)3.279 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .779(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F .779(aits for)-.1 F -(each command to terminate in turn.)108 633.6 Q +(each command to terminate in turn.)108 662.4 Q (The return status is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .172(AND and OR lists are sequences of one \ -or more pipelines separated by the)108 650.4 R F1(&&)2.671 E F0(and) -2.671 E F1(||)2.671 E F0 .171(control operators, re-)2.671 F(specti)108 -662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 E +or more pipelines separated by the)108 679.2 R F3(&&)2.671 E F1(and) +2.671 E F3(||)2.671 E F1 .171(control operators, re-)2.671 F(specti)108 +691.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G -2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F2(command1)144 679.2 Q F1(&&) -2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 696 Q F0(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2(command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e)2.5 E -(xit status of zero \(success\).)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 -712.8 Q F2(command1)144 729.6 Q F1(||)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E F0 -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(4)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F0(command1)144 708 Q F3(&&)2.5 +E F0(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 724.8 Q F1(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F0(command1)2.7 E F1(returns an e)2.5 E +(xit status of zero \(success\).)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(4)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(command2)108.2 84 Q F0 .434(is e)2.954 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .434(cuted if, and only if,).15 F F1(command1)3.135 E F0 .435 -(returns a non-zero e)2.935 F .435(xit status.)-.15 F .435 -(The return status of AND)5.435 F(and OR lists is the e)108 96 Q -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted in the list.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Compound Commands)87 -112.8 Q F0(A)108 124.8 Q F1 1.054(compound command)3.554 F F0 1.054 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(An OR list has the form)108 84 Q F0(command1)144 +100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(||)2.5 E F0(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 +117.6 Q F1 .434(is e)2.954 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .434(cuted if, and only if,) +.15 F F0(command1)3.135 E F1 .435(returns a non-zero e)2.935 F .435 +(xit status.)-.15 F .435(The return status of AND)5.435 F +(and OR lists is the e)108 129.6 Q(xit status of the last command e)-.15 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in the list.).15 E F2(Compound Commands)87 146.4 +Q F1(A)108 158.4 Q F0 1.054(compound command)3.554 F F1 1.054 (is one of the follo)3.554 F 3.553(wing. In)-.25 F 1.053(most cases a) -3.553 F F1(list)3.553 E F0 1.053(in a command')3.553 F 3.553(sd)-.55 G +3.553 F F0(list)3.553 E F1 1.053(in a command')3.553 F 3.553(sd)-.55 G 1.053(escription may be)-3.553 F 1.026 -(separated from the rest of the command by one or more ne)108 136.8 R +(separated from the rest of the command by one or more ne)108 170.4 R 1.026(wlines, and may be follo)-.25 F 1.027(wed by a ne)-.25 F 1.027 -(wline in)-.25 F(place of a semicolon.)108 148.8 Q(\()108 165.6 Q F1 -(list)A F0(\))A F1(list)144 165.6 Q F0 .215(is e)2.715 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(wline in)-.25 F(place of a semicolon.)108 182.4 Q(\()108 199.2 Q F0 +(list)A F1(\))A F0(list)144 199.2 Q F1 .215(is e)2.715 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .215(cuted in a subshell \(see).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .215 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.715 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(belo)2.465 E 2.714(wf) --.25 G .214(or a descrip-)-2.714 F .209(tion of a subshell en)144 177.6 +(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.715 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F1(belo)2.465 E 2.714(wf) +-.25 G .214(or a descrip-)-2.714 F .209(tion of a subshell en)144 211.2 R 2.709(vironment\). V)-.4 F .209(ariable assignments and b)-1.11 F .209 (uiltin commands that af)-.2 F .21(fect the shell')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(en) -144 189.6 Q 1.069(vironment do not remain in ef)-.4 F 1.069 +144 223.2 Q 1.069(vironment do not remain in ef)-.4 F 1.069 (fect after the command completes.)-.25 F 1.068 -(The return status is the e)6.069 F(xit)-.15 E(status of)144 201.6 Q F1 -(list)2.5 E F0(.)A({)108 218.4 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F1(list)144 -218.4 Q F0 .401(is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .401 -(cuted in the current shell en).15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F1(list)5.401 E F0 +(The return status is the e)6.069 F(xit)-.15 E(status of)144 235.2 Q F0 +(list)2.5 E F1(.)A({)108 252 Q F0(list)2.5 E F1 2.5(;})C F0(list)144 252 +Q F1 .401(is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .401 +(cuted in the current shell en).15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F0(list)5.401 E F1 .402(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 F 3.215 -(semicolon. This)144 230.4 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F1 -(gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 -(he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F1(list) -3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 242.4 R 2.719(et) --.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F2(\()2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F2 -(\))2.719 E F0(,)A F2({)2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F2(})2.719 E F0(are)2.719 -E F1 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 .22 -(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 254.4 S .257 +(semicolon. This)144 264 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F0 +(gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F1 5.715(.T)C .715 +(he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F0(list) +3.214 E F1 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 276 R 2.719(et) +-.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F2(\()2.719 E F1(and)2.719 E F2 +(\))2.719 E F1(,)A F2({)2.719 E F1(and)2.719 E F2(})2.719 E F1(are)2.719 +E F0 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F1 .22 +(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 288 S .257 (rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257(Since the)5.257 F 2.757(yd) -.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .256(ord break, the) --.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 266.4 Q F1 -(list)2.5 E F0(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 -E(\(\()108 283.2 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 -295.2 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .051(is e)2.551 F +-.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 300 Q F0 +(list)2.5 E F1(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 +E(\(\()108 316.8 Q F0 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A(The)144 +328.8 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 .051(is e)2.551 F -.25(va)-.25 G .051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 2.552(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.552 E F3 .052(ARITHMETIC EV)2.552 F(ALU)-1.215 E -(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 307.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v) +(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 340.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .411(If the v) 4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the retur\ -n status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F .186(is 1.)144 319.2 R -(The)5.186 E F1 -.2(ex)2.686 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.686 E +n status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F .186(is 1.)144 352.8 R +(The)5.186 E F0 -.2(ex)2.686 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(under)2.686 E .186(goes the same e)-.18 F .186 (xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .187(ut double) --.2 F(quote characters in)144 331.2 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) --.37 E F0(are not treated specially and are remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(d.).15 E F2([[)108 348 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(]]) -2.5 E F0 .003(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 360 R +-.2 F(quote characters in)144 364.8 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) +-.37 E F1(are not treated specially and are remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(d.).15 E F2([[)108 381.6 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(]]) +2.5 E F1 .003(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 393.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .003(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E -F1 -.2(ex)2.503 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.003(.E)C(x-)-5.003 E .758 -(pressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 372 R 3.259 -(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.259 E F3(CONDITION)3.259 E .759(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(.)A F0 .065(The w)144 384 R .065(ords between the)-.1 F F2([[)2.565 E -F0(and)2.565 E F2(]])2.565 E F0 .065(do not under)2.565 F .065(go w)-.18 -F .065(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 2.565(xpansion. The)-.15 F -(shell)2.565 E .483(performs tilde e)144 396 R .483 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .483(ariable e)-.25 F .483 +F0 -.2(ex)2.503 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 5.003(.E)C(x-)-5.003 E .758 +(pressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 405.6 R +3.259(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.259 E F3(CONDITION)3.259 E .759(AL EXPRESSIONS) +-.18 F F4(.)A F1 .065(The w)144 417.6 R .065(ords between the)-.1 F F2 +([[)2.565 E F1(and)2.565 E F2(]])2.565 E F1 .065(do not under)2.565 F +.065(go w)-.18 F .065(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 2.565 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F(shell)2.565 E .483(performs tilde e)144 429.6 R +.483(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .483(ariable e)-.25 F .483 (xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .483(xpansion, command sub-)-.15 F .201 -(stitution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 408 R -.25(va)-.15 -G 2.701(lo).25 G 2.701(nt)-2.701 G .201(hose w)-2.701 F .201 +(stitution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 441.6 R -.25(va) +-.15 G 2.701(lo).25 G 2.701(nt)-2.701 G .201(hose w)-2.701 F .201 (ords \(the e)-.1 F .2(xpansions that w)-.15 F .2(ould occur)-.1 F .382 -(if the w)144 420 R .382(ords were enclosed in double quotes\).)-.1 F -.382(Conditional operators such as)5.382 F F22.882 E F0 .382 -(must be unquoted)2.882 F(to be recognized as primaries.)144 432 Q -(When used with)144 450 Q F2([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E -F0(and)2.5 E F2(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .503(When the)144 468 -R F2(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F2(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators are used\ -, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pat-)3.002 F -.81(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 480 R -3.31(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.31 E F2 -.1(Pa)3.31 G(tter).1 E 3.31(nM)-.15 G -(atching)-3.31 E F0 3.31(,a)C 3.31(si)-3.31 G 3.31(ft)-3.31 G(he)-3.31 E -F2(ext-)3.31 E(glob)144 492 Q F0 .313(shell option were enabled.)2.814 F -(The)5.313 E F2(=)2.813 E F0 .313(operator is equi)2.813 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .313(lent to).25 F F2(==)2.813 E F0 5.313(.I)C 2.813(ft)-5.313 G(he) --2.813 E F2(nocasematch)2.813 E F0 .313(shell op-)2.813 F .029 -(tion is enabled, the match is performed without re)144 504 R -.05(ga) +(if the w)144 453.6 R .382(ords were enclosed in double quotes\).)-.1 F +.382(Conditional operators such as)5.382 F F22.882 E F1 .382 +(must be unquoted)2.882 F(to be recognized as primaries.)144 465.6 Q +(When used with)144 482.4 Q F2([[)2.5 E F1 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E +F1(and)2.5 E F2(>)2.5 E F1(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .503(When the)144 +499.2 R F2(==)3.003 E F1(and)3.002 E F2(!=)3.002 E F1 .502(operators ar\ +e used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pat-) +3.002 F .81(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 +511.2 R 3.31(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.31 E F2 -.1(Pa)3.31 G(tter).1 E 3.31(nM) +-.15 G(atching)-3.31 E F1 3.31(,a)C 3.31(si)-3.31 G 3.31(ft)-3.31 G(he) +-3.31 E F2(ext-)3.31 E(glob)144 523.2 Q F1 .313 +(shell option were enabled.)2.814 F(The)5.313 E F2(=)2.813 E F1 .313 +(operator is equi)2.813 F -.25(va)-.25 G .313(lent to).25 F F2(==)2.813 +E F1 5.313(.I)C 2.813(ft)-5.313 G(he)-2.813 E F2(nocasematch)2.813 E F1 +.313(shell op-)2.813 F .029 +(tion is enabled, the match is performed without re)144 535.2 R -.05(ga) -.15 G .03(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .03(The re-) -5.03 F .259(turn v)144 516 R .259(alue is 0 if the string matches \() --.25 F F2(==)A F0 2.759(\)o)C 2.759(rd)-2.759 G .259(oes not match \() --2.759 F F2(!=)A F0 2.759(\)t)C .259(he pattern, and 1 otherwise.)-2.759 +5.03 F .259(turn v)144 547.2 R .259(alue is 0 if the string matches \() +-.25 F F2(==)A F1 2.759(\)o)C 2.759(rd)-2.759 G .259(oes not match \() +-2.759 F F2(!=)A F1 2.759(\)t)C .259(he pattern, and 1 otherwise.)-2.759 F(An)5.258 E(y)-.15 E(part of the pattern may be quoted to force the qu\ -oted portion to be matched as a string.)144 528 Q .133 -(An additional binary operator)144 546 R(,)-.4 E F2<3d01>2.633 E F0 +oted portion to be matched as a string.)144 559.2 Q .133 +(An additional binary operator)144 576 R(,)-.4 E F2<3d01>2.633 E F1 2.633(,i)C 2.633(sa)-2.633 G -.25(va)-2.833 G .133 -(ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F2(==)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E -F2(!=)2.633 E F0 5.133(.W)C .133(hen it is)-5.133 F .182 +(ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F2(==)2.633 E F1(and)2.633 E +F2(!=)2.633 E F1 5.133(.W)C .133(hen it is)-5.133 F .182 (used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a POSIX e) -144 558 R .182(xtended re)-.15 F .181(gular e)-.15 F .181(xpression and) --.15 F 2.623(matched accordingly \(using the POSIX)144 570 R F1 -.37(re) -5.124 G(gcomp)-.03 E F0(and)5.124 E F1 -.37(re)5.124 G -.1(ge)-.03 G -(xec)-.1 E F0(interf)5.124 E 2.624(aces usually described in)-.1 F F1 --.37(re)144 582 S -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 3.272(\(3\)\). The)B .772 -(return v)3.272 F .772 +144 588 R .182(xtended re)-.15 F .181(gular e)-.15 F .181(xpression and) +-.15 F 2.623(matched accordingly \(using the POSIX)144 600 R F0 -.37(re) +5.124 G(gcomp)-.03 E F1(and)5.124 E F0 -.37(re)5.124 G -.1(ge)-.03 G +(xec)-.1 E F1(interf)5.124 E 2.624(aces usually described in)-.1 F F0 +-.37(re)144 612 S -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F1 3.241(\(3\)\). The).53 F .741 +(return v)3.241 F .741 (alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise.)-.25 F -.771(If the re)5.771 F(gular)-.15 E -.15(ex)144 594 S .508 +.74(If the re)5.74 F(gular)-.15 E -.15(ex)144 624 S .508 (pression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional e).15 F (xpression')-.15 E 3.008(sr)-.55 G .509(eturn v)-3.008 F .509 -(alue is 2.)-.25 F .509(If the)5.509 F F2(nocase-)3.009 E(match)144 606 -Q F0 1.307(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re) +(alue is 2.)-.25 F .509(If the)5.509 F F2(nocase-)3.009 E(match)144 636 +Q F1 1.307(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re) 3.807 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.306(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.599 -(characters. If)144 618 R(an)2.599 E 2.599(yp)-.15 G .099 +(characters. If)144 648 R(an)2.599 E 2.599(yp)-.15 G .099 (art of the pattern is quoted, the quoted portion is matched literally) --2.599 F 5.1(.T)-.65 G .1(his means)-5.1 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 630 T +-2.599 F 5.1(.T)-.65 G .1(his means)-5.1 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 660 T .032(ry character in the quoted portion matches itself, instead of ha) .25 F .031(ving an)-.2 F 2.531(ys)-.15 G .031(pecial pattern matching) --2.531 F 3.041(meaning. If)144 642 R .542 +-2.531 F 3.041(meaning. If)144 672 R .542 (the pattern is stored in a shell v)3.041 F .542(ariable, quoting the v) -.25 F .542(ariable e)-.25 F .542(xpansion forces the en-)-.15 F 1.825 -(tire pattern to be matched literally)144 654 R 6.825(.T)-.65 G 1.825 +(tire pattern to be matched literally)144 684 R 6.825(.T)-.65 G 1.825 (reat brack)-7.175 F 1.825(et e)-.1 F 1.825(xpressions in re)-.15 F 1.825(gular e)-.15 F 1.825(xpressions carefully)-.15 F(,)-.65 E(since n\ ormal quoting and pattern characters lose their meanings between brack) -144 666 Q(ets.)-.1 E .708(The pattern will match if it matches an)144 -684 R 3.208(yp)-.15 G .708(art of the string.)-3.208 F .708 -(Anchor the pattern using the)5.708 F F2<00>3.208 E F0(and)3.208 E F2($) -3.208 E F0(re)144 696 Q .847(gular e)-.15 F .846 -(xpression operators to force it to match the entire string.)-.15 F .846 -(The array v)5.846 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)3.346 G(SH_RE-).27 E(MA) -144 708 Q(TCH)-.855 E F0 .321 -(records which parts of the string matched the pattern.)2.571 F .322 -(The element of)5.322 F F3 -.27(BA)2.822 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 -.583(with inde)144 720 R 3.083(x0)-.15 G .582 -(contains the portion of the string matching the entire re)-.001 F .582 -(gular e)-.15 F 3.082(xpression. Substrings)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(5)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +144 696 Q(ets.)-.1 E .708(The pattern will match if it matches an)144 +712.8 R 3.208(yp)-.15 G .708(art of the string.)-3.208 F .708 +(Anchor the pattern using the)5.708 F F2<00>3.208 E F1(and)3.208 E F2($) +3.208 E F1(re)144 724.8 Q 4.507(gular e)-.15 F 4.506 +(xpression operators to force it to match the entire string.)-.15 F +4.506(The array v)9.506 F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(5)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .249 -(matched by parenthesized sube)144 84 R .249(xpressions within the re) --.15 F .249(gular e)-.15 F .249(xpression are sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.749(di).15 G 2.75(nt)-2.749 G .25(he remaining)-2.75 F/F1 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)144 96 S(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 1.13 -(indices. The element of)3.38 F F1 -.27(BA)3.63 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH) --.855 E F0 1.13(with inde)3.38 F(x)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.63 -E F0 1.13(is the portion of the)3.63 F 1.023(string matching the)144 108 -R F2(n)3.523 E F0 1.023(th parenthesized sube)B(xpression.)-.15 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)6.024 E F0(sets)3.524 E F1 -.27(BA)3.524 G -(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 1.024(in the global)3.274 F -(scope; declaring it as a local v)144 120 Q(ariable will lead to une) --.25 E(xpected results.)-.15 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 138 R .785 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)144 84 S(SH_REMA).27 E +(TCH)-.855 E F1 3.36 +(records which parts of the string matched the pattern.)5.61 F 3.36 +(The element of)8.36 F F2 -.27(BA)144 96 S(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F1 +.768(with inde)3.018 F 3.268(x0c)-.15 G .768 +(ontains the portion of the string matching the entire re)-3.268 F .767 +(gular e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E 3.54(pression. Substrings)144 108 R 1.04 +(matched by parenthesized sube)3.54 F 1.04(xpressions within the re)-.15 +F 1.04(gular e)-.15 F 1.04(xpression are)-.15 F(sa)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.2 +G 2.713(di).15 G 2.713(nt)-2.713 G .213(he remaining)-2.713 F F2 -.27 +(BA)2.713 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F1 .212(indices. The element of) +2.463 F F2 -.27(BA)2.712 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F1 .212(with inde) +2.462 F(x)-.15 E F0(n)2.712 E F1 1.025 +(is the portion of the string matching the)144 132 R F0(n)3.525 E F1 +1.025(th parenthesized sube)B(xpression.)-.15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Bash)6.025 E F1(sets)3.525 E F2 -.27(BA)3.525 G(SH_RE-).27 E(MA)144 144 +Q(TCH)-.855 E F1(in the global scope; declaring it as a local v)2.25 E +(ariable will lead to une)-.25 E(xpected results.)-.15 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 160.8 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 -150 Q F3(\()144 168 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(\))2.5 E -F0 .522(Returns the v)180 180 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.022 G -(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o)-5.522 F --.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F(operators.)180 -192 Q F3(!)144 204 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr) -180 216 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 -E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2(ex)144 228 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F3(&&)2.5 E F2 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 240 S(ue if both).35 -E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 252 S(pr).2 E -(ession1)-.37 E F3(||)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 264 S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) --.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.) -2.52 E(The)144 280.8 Q F3(&&)2.676 E F0(and)2.676 E F3(||)2.676 E F0 -.175(operators do not e)2.676 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E F2 -.2(ex) -2.675 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 .175(if the v)2.675 F .175(alue of) --.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.675 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .175(is suf)2.675 F -.175(\214cient to de-)-.25 F(termine the return v)144 292.8 Q -(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F3 -.25(fo) -108 309.6 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F3(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2 -(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5(]];])2.5 G F3(do)A F2(list)2.5 -E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 .423(The list of w)144 321.6 R .423 -(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in)2.923 E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423 -(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424(is set to)2.924 F .653 -(each element of this list in turn, and)144 333.6 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 -.653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653 -(If the)5.653 F F3(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 -(is omitted, the)3.153 F F3 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .648(command e) -144 345.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 .648 -(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F1 -.666 -(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).)-.25 E .154 -(The return status is the e)144 357.6 R .153 +172.8 Q F3(\()144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(\)) +2.5 E F1 .522(Returns the v)180 201.6 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F0 -.2(ex) +3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) +-5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F +(operators.)180 213.6 Q F3(!)144 225.6 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) +-.37 E F1 -.35(Tr)180 237.6 S(ue if).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(ession)-.37 E F1(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F0 -.2(ex)144 249.6 S(pr).2 E +(ession1)-.37 E F3(&&)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F1 +-.35(Tr)180 261.6 S(ue if both).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) +-.37 E F1(and)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F1(are true.) +2.52 E F0 -.2(ex)144 273.6 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F3(||)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F1 -.35(Tr)180 285.6 S(ue if either).35 +E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F1(or)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr) +.2 E(ession2)-.37 E F1(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 302.4 Q F3(&&)2.676 E F1 +(and)2.676 E F3(||)2.676 E F1 .175(operators do not e)2.676 F -.25(va) +-.25 G(luate).25 E F0 -.2(ex)2.675 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F1 .175 +(if the v)2.675 F .175(alue of)-.25 F F0 -.2(ex)2.675 G(pr).2 E(ession1) +-.37 E F1 .175(is suf)2.675 F .175(\214cient to de-)-.25 F +(termine the return v)144 314.4 Q(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 +E(xpression.)-.15 E F3 -.25(fo)108 331.2 S(r).25 E F0(name)2.5 E F1 2.5 +([[)2.5 G F3(in)A F1([)2.5 E F0(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G 1.666(..)-.834 G +F1 2.5(]];]).834 G F3(do)A F0(list)2.5 E F1(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F1 +.423(The list of w)144 343.2 R .423(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in) +2.923 E F1 .423(is e)2.923 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.) +-.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable)-.25 E F0(name)2.924 E F1 .424 +(is set to)2.924 F .653(each element of this list in turn, and)144 355.2 +R F0(list)3.153 E F1 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 +(cuted each time.).15 F .653(If the)5.653 F F3(in)3.153 E F0(wor)3.153 E +(d)-.37 E F1 .653(is omitted, the)3.153 F F3 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F1 +.648(command e)144 367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F0(list)3.148 E F1 +.648(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F2 +-.666(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F1(belo)2.899 E(w\).)-.25 E .154 +(The return status is the e)144 379.2 R .153 (xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653 (cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F -(follo)144 369.6 Q(wing)-.25 E F3(in)2.5 E F0 +(follo)144 391.2 Q(wing)-.25 E F3(in)2.5 E F1 (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F3 -.25(fo)108 386.4 S(r).25 E -F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 -E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F3(do)2.5 E F2 -(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 1.235(First, the arithmetic e) -144 398.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) +(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F3 -.25(fo)108 408 S(r).25 E +F1(\(\()2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F1(;)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 +E F1(;)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F1(\)\) ;)2.5 E F3(do)2.5 E F0 +(list)2.5 E F1(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F1 1.235(First, the arithmetic e) +144 420 R(xpression)-.15 E F0 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F1 1.235(is e) 3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236 (luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-3.736 E F1 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 410.4 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) --.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .562(The arithmetic e) -5.062 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F0 .561(is then e) +(nder)-3.736 E F2 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 432 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) +-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .562(The arithmetic e) +5.062 F(xpression)-.15 E F0 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F1 .561(is then e) 3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G .561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144 -422.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F -F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 -(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e) +444 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F +F0 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F1 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 +(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F0(list)3.092 E F1 .592(is e) 3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144 -434.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F +456 R(xpression)-.15 E F0 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F1 .229(is e)2.729 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 (xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G 2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G -.228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 446.4 R .227 -(alue is the e)-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 -(list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f) -.15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 -E -.15(ex)144 458.4 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F3 -(select)108 475.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F3(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 -1.358(The list of w)144 487.2 R 1.358(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3 -(in)3.858 E F0 1.358(is e)3.858 F 1.357 +.228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 468 R .227(alue is the e) +-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F0(list)2.728 E F1 +.228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f).15 F .228 +(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 E -.15(ex) +144 480 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F3(select)108 +496.8 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F3(in)2.5 E F0(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1 +2.5(];)2.5 G F3(do)A F0(list)2.5 E F1(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F1 1.358 +(The list of w)144 508.8 R 1.358(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in) +3.858 E F1 1.358(is e)3.858 F 1.357 (xpanded, generating a list of items, and the set of e)-.15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.1(wo)144 499.2 S .601(rds is printed on the standard error).1 F +-.15 E -.1(wo)144 520.8 S .601(rds is printed on the standard error).1 F 3.101(,e)-.4 G .601(ach preceded by a number)-3.101 F 5.601(.I)-.55 G -3.101(ft)-5.601 G(he)-3.101 E F3(in)3.101 E F2(wor)3.101 E(d)-.37 E F0 +3.101(ft)-5.601 G(he)-3.101 E F3(in)3.101 E F0(wor)3.101 E(d)-.37 E F1 .602(is omitted, the)3.101 F .188 -(positional parameters are printed \(see)144 511.2 R F1 -.666(PA)2.688 G -(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.438 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(select)5.188 E F0 .188 -(then displays the)2.688 F F1(PS3)2.687 E F0(prompt)2.437 E .46 -(and reads a line from the standard input.)144 523.2 R .461 +(positional parameters are printed \(see)144 532.8 R F2 -.666(PA)2.688 G +(RAMETERS).666 E F1(belo)2.438 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(select)5.188 E F1 .188 +(then displays the)2.688 F F2(PS3)2.687 E F1(prompt)2.437 E .46 +(and reads a line from the standard input.)144 544.8 R .461 (If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of)5.46 F .141 -(the displayed w)144 535.2 R .141(ords, then the v)-.1 F .141(alue of) --.25 F F2(name)3.001 E F0 .141(is set to that w)2.821 F 2.641(ord. If) +(the displayed w)144 556.8 R .141(ords, then the v)-.1 F .141(alue of) +-.25 F F0(name)3.001 E F1 .141(is set to that w)2.821 F 2.641(ord. If) -.1 F .141(the line is empty)2.641 F 2.641(,t)-.65 G .141(he w)-2.641 F -.141(ords and)-.1 F 1.048(prompt are displayed ag)144 547.2 R 3.548 -(ain. If)-.05 F 1.048(EOF is read, the)3.548 F F3(select)3.548 E F0 +.141(ords and)-.1 F 1.048(prompt are displayed ag)144 568.8 R 3.548 +(ain. If)-.05 F 1.048(EOF is read, the)3.548 F F3(select)3.548 E F1 1.048(command completes and returns 1.)3.548 F(An)6.048 E(y)-.15 E .32 -(other v)144 559.2 R .32(alue read causes)-.25 F F2(name)3.18 E F0 .32 +(other v)144 580.8 R .32(alue read causes)-.25 F F0(name)3.18 E F1 .32 (to be set to null.)3 F .32(The line read is sa)5.32 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.82(di).15 G 2.82(nt)-2.82 G .319(he v)-2.82 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(REPL) -2.819 E(Y)-.828 E F4(.)A F0(The)4.819 E F2(list)144.09 571.2 Q F0 .055 +2.82(di).15 G 2.82(nt)-2.82 G .319(he v)-2.82 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(REPL) +2.819 E(Y)-.828 E F4(.)A F1(The)4.819 E F0(list)144.09 592.8 Q F1 .055 (is e)3.235 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .056(cuted after each selection until a).15 -F F3(br)2.556 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .056(command is e)2.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +F F3(br)2.556 E(eak)-.18 E F1 .056(command is e)2.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.556(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.556 G .056(it status of).15 F F3 -(select)2.556 E F0(is)2.556 E(the e)144 583.2 Q +(select)2.556 E F1(is)2.556 E(the e)144 604.8 Q (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E -F2(list)2.59 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e) --2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(case)108 600 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 -E F3(in)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3 -(|)2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 -(;; ] ...)2.5 E F3(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 612 Q F3(case)3.265 E F0 .764 -(command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 -3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F -F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F .883 -(matching rules described under)144 624 R F3 -.1(Pa)3.384 G(tter).1 E -3.384(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.384 E F0(belo)3.384 E 4.684 -.65(w. T)-.25 H -(he).65 E F2(wor)3.384 E(d)-.37 E F0 .884(is e)3.384 F .884 -(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .95(pansion, parameter and v)144 -636 R .95(ariable e)-.25 F .95(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .95 -(xpansion, command substitution, process)-.15 F .18 -(substitution and quote remo)144 648 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.681(l. Each).25 -F F2(pattern)2.681 E F0 -.15(ex)2.681 G .181(amined is e).15 F .181 -(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F .181(xpansion, param-)-.15 F .103 -(eter and v)144 660 R .103(ariable e)-.25 F .103(xpansion, arithmetic e) --.15 F .103(xpansion, command substitution, process substitution, and) --.15 F .138(quote remo)144 672 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.638(l. If).25 F(the) -2.638 E F3(nocasematch)2.638 E F0 .139 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.638 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(rd).05 E .209(to the case of alphabetic characters.)144 684 R -.209(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.209 F F2(list)2.708 E F0 -.208(is e)2.708 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.708(cuted. If).15 F(the)144 696 Q F3 -(;;)3.349 E F0 .849(operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempt\ -ed after the \214rst pattern match.)3.349 F(Using)5.85 E F3(;&)144 708 Q -F0 .254(in place of)2.754 F F3(;;)2.754 E F0 .254(causes e)2.754 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .254(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)2.754 E F0 -.254(associated with the ne)2.754 F .253(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F -(Using)144 720 Q F3(;;&)3.378 E F0 .878(in place of)3.378 F F3(;;)3.378 -E F0 .878(causes the shell to test the ne)3.378 F .878 -(xt pattern list in the statement, if an)-.15 F 2.178 -.65(y, a)-.15 H -(nd).65 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(6)197.055 E 0 -Cg EP +F0(list)2.59 E F1 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e) +-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(case)108 621.6 Q F0(wor)2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F3(in)2.5 E F1 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F0(pattern)2.5 E F1([)2.5 +E F3(|)2.5 E F0(pattern)2.5 E F1 2.5(].)2.5 G -3.332 1.666(.. \))-.834 H +F0(list).834 E F1(;; ] .)2.5 E 1.666(..)1.666 G F3(esac).834 E F1(A)144 +633.6 Q F3(case)3.265 E F1 .764(command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E +F0(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F1 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag) +-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F F0(pattern)3.264 E F1 .764 +(in turn, using the)3.264 F .883(matching rules described under)144 +645.6 R F3 -.1(Pa)3.384 G(tter).1 E 3.384(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.384 E F1 +(belo)3.384 E 4.684 -.65(w. T)-.25 H(he).65 E F0(wor)3.384 E(d)-.37 E F1 +.884(is e)3.384 F .884(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .95 +(pansion, parameter and v)144 657.6 R .95(ariable e)-.25 F .95 +(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .95 +(xpansion, command substitution, process)-.15 F .829 +(substitution and quote remo)144 669.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.329(l. Each) +.25 F F0(pattern)3.329 E F1 -.15(ex)3.329 G .829(amined is e).15 F .829 +(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F .83(xpansion, para-)-.15 F 1.133 +(meter and v)144 681.6 R 1.132(ariable e)-.25 F 1.132 +(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.132 +(xpansion, command substitution, process substitution,)-.15 F .917 +(and quote remo)144 693.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.417(l. If).25 F(the)3.417 E +F3(nocasematch)3.417 E F1 .917 +(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without)3.417 F(re)144 +705.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .5(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F +.499(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.499 F F0(list)2.999 E F1 +.499(is e)2.999 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E 2.706(cuted. If)144 717.6 R +(the)2.706 E F3(;;)2.707 E F1 .207(operator is used, no subsequent matc\ +hes are attempted after the \214rst pattern match.)2.707 F(Using)144 +729.6 Q F3(;&)3.325 E F1 .825(in place of)3.325 F F3(;;)3.325 E F1 .825 +(causes e)3.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824(cution to continue with the).15 F +F0(list)3.324 E F1 .824(associated with the ne)3.324 F .824(xt set of) +-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(6)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(exe)144 84 S -.159(cute an).15 F 2.659(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-2.659 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(list)2.659 E F0 .159 -(on a successful match, continuing the case statement e)2.659 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .158(cution as if the).15 F .182(pattern list had not matched.) -144 96 R .183(The e)5.183 F .183 -(xit status is zero if no pattern matches.)-.15 F .183 -(Otherwise, it is the e)5.183 F(xit)-.15 E(status of the last command e) -144 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(.)A/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(if)108 124.8 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(then)2.5 E F1 -(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;[)C F2(elif)A F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(then)2.5 E F1 -(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F2(else)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(;])C F2<8c>A F0(The)144 136.8 Q F2(if)2.978 E F1(list)3.068 E F0 .478 -(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F -.478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F2(then)2.978 E F1(list)2.978 E F0 -.478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each) -2.978 E F2(elif)2.977 E F1(list)2.977 E F0 1.087(is e)144 148.8 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 -(xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F2(then)3.587 E F1(list) -3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted and the).15 F -.104(command completes.)144 160.8 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F2(else) -2.603 E F1(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 -(cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) --.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 172.8 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F2(while) -108 189.6 Q F1(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F2 -(done)2.5 E(until)108 201.6 Q F1(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1 -(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 213.6 Q F2(while)3.45 E F0 -.95(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95(cutes the list).15 -F F1(list-2)3.45 E F0 .95(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F -F1(list-1)144 225.6 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205 -(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F2(until)2.705 E F0 .205 -(command is identical to the)2.705 F F2(while)2.705 E F0 .205 -(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .599(that the test is ne)144 237.6 R --.05(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F1(list-2)3.189 E F0 .599(is e)3.119 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .6(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F1(list-1)3.19 -E F0 .6(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 249.6 S .205(it status.).15 -F .205(The e)5.205 F .205(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(while)2.705 E F0 -(and)2.705 E F2(until)2.704 E F0 .204(commands is the e)2.704 F .204 -(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 261.6 S(cuted in).15 -E F1(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) --.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(Copr)87 278.4 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0 -(A)108 290.4 Q F1(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 -(is a shell command preceded by the)3.712 F F2(copr)3.713 E(oc)-.18 E F0 -(reserv)3.713 E 1.213(ed w)-.15 F 3.713(ord. A)-.1 F 1.213 -(coprocess is e)3.713 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.213(cuted asyn-).15 F .575(chr\ -onously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) -108 302.4 R F2(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G -.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 314.4 S 2.5(yp).1 G -(ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E 3.235(patterns. Using)144 84 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(;;&)3.235 E F1 .735(in place of)3.235 F F2(;;)3.236 E F1 .736 +(causes the shell to test the ne)3.236 F .736 +(xt pattern list in the statement, if)-.15 F(an)144 96 Q 1.369 -.65 +(y, a)-.15 H .069(nd e).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .069(cute an).15 F 2.569(ya) +-.15 G(ssociated)-2.569 E F0(list)2.569 E F1 .068 +(on a successful match, continuing the case statement e)2.569 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cution).15 E .063(as if the pattern list had not matched.)144 108 +R .063(The e)5.063 F .063(xit status is zero if no pattern matches.)-.15 +F .064(Otherwise, it is)5.064 F(the e)144 120 Q +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E +F0(list)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(if)108 136.8 Q F0(list)2.5 E F1(;)A F2(then)2.5 +E F0(list)2.5 E F1 2.5(;[)C F2(elif)A F0(list)2.5 E F1(;)A F2(then)2.5 E +F0(list)2.5 E F1 2.5(;].)C -3.332 1.666(.. [)-.834 H F2(else).834 E F0 +(list)2.5 E F1 2.5(;])C F2<8c>A F1(The)144 148.8 Q F2(if)2.978 E F0 +(list)3.068 E F1 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F +.478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F2(then)2.978 E +F0(list)2.978 E F1 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 +(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F2(elif)2.977 E F0(list)2.977 E F1 +1.087(is e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted in turn, and if its e) +.15 F 1.087(xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F2(then)3.587 E +F0(list)3.587 E F1 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088 +(cuted and the).15 F .104(command completes.)144 172.8 R .103 +(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F2(else)2.603 E F0(list)2.603 E F1 .103(is e) +2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103(cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F +.103(xit status is the e)-.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F +(tus of the last command e)144 184.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F2(while)108 201.6 Q +F0(list-1)2.5 E F1(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F0(list-2)2.5 E F1(;)A F2(done)2.5 E +(until)108 213.6 Q F0(list-1)2.5 E F1(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F0(list-2)2.5 E F1 +(;)A F2(done)2.5 E F1(The)144 225.6 Q F2(while)3.45 E F1 .95 +(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95(cutes the list).15 F +F0(list-2)3.45 E F1 .95(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F +F0(list-1)144 237.6 Q F1 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205 +(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F2(until)2.705 E F1 .205 +(command is identical to the)2.705 F F2(while)2.705 E F1 .205 +(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .599(that the test is ne)144 249.6 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F0(list-2)3.189 E F1 .599(is e)3.119 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .6(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F0(list-1)3.19 +E F1 .6(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 261.6 S .205(it status.).15 +F .205(The e)5.205 F .205(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(while)2.705 E F1 +(and)2.705 E F2(until)2.704 E F1 .204(commands is the e)2.704 F .204 +(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 273.6 S(cuted in).15 +E F0(list-2)2.5 E F1 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) +-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(Copr)87 290.4 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F1 +(A)108 302.4 Q F0(copr)2.601 E(ocess)-.45 E F1 .102 +(is a shell command preceded by the)2.601 F F2(copr)2.602 E(oc)-.18 E F1 +(reserv)2.602 E .102(ed w)-.15 F 2.602(ord. A)-.1 F .102(coprocess is e) +2.602 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .102(cuted asynchro-).15 F .642 +(nously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) +108 314.4 R F2(&)3.141 E F1 .641(control operator)3.141 F 3.141(,w)-.4 G +.641(ith a tw)-3.141 F(o-w)-.1 E(ay)-.1 E +(pipe established between the e)108 326.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The syntax for a coprocess is:) -108 331.2 Q F2(copr)144 348 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E -F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E -F0(])A .598(This creates a coprocess named)108 364.8 R F1 -.27(NA)3.099 -G(ME).27 E F0(.)A F1(command)5.599 E F0 .599 +108 343.2 Q F2(copr)144 360 Q(oc)-.18 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E +F1(])A F0(command)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E +F1(])A .598(This creates a coprocess named)108 376.8 R F0 -.27(NA)3.099 +G(ME).27 E F1(.)A F0(command)5.599 E F1 .599 (may be either a simple command or a compound com-)3.099 F 1.4 -(mand \(see abo)108 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.27(NA)6.4 G -(ME).27 E F0 1.4(is a shell v)3.9 F 1.4(ariable name.)-.25 F(If)6.4 E F1 --.27(NA)3.9 G(ME).27 E F0 1.4(is not supplied, the def)3.9 F 1.4 -(ault name is)-.1 F F2(CO-)3.9 E(PR)108 388.8 Q(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A -(The recommended form to use for a coprocess is)108 405.6 Q F2(copr)144 -422.4 Q(oc)-.18 E F1 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F0({)2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E -F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E F0(]; })A 1.313(This f\ +(mand \(see abo)108 388.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F0 -.27(NA)6.4 G +(ME).27 E F1 1.4(is a shell v)3.9 F 1.4(ariable name.)-.25 F(If)6.4 E F0 +-.27(NA)3.9 G(ME).27 E F1 1.4(is not supplied, the def)3.9 F 1.4 +(ault name is)-.1 F F2(CO-)3.9 E(PR)108 400.8 Q(OC)-.3 E F1(.)A +(The recommended form to use for a coprocess is)108 417.6 Q F2(copr)144 +434.4 Q(oc)-.18 E F0 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F1({)2.5 E F0(command)2.5 E +F1([)2.5 E F0 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E F1(]; })A 1.313(This f\ orm is recommended because simple commands result in the coprocess al) -108 439.2 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.313(ys being named).1 F F2(CO-)3.813 E(PR)108 -451.2 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd it is simpler to use and more complete \ -than the other compound commands.)-2.5 E(If)108 468 Q F1(command)3.062 E -F0 .562(is a compound command,)3.062 F F1 -.27(NA)3.062 G(ME).27 E F0 +108 451.2 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.313(ys being named).1 F F2(CO-)3.813 E(PR)108 +463.2 Q(OC)-.3 E F1 2.5(,a)C(nd it is simpler to use and more complete \ +than the other compound commands.)-2.5 E(If)108 480 Q F0(command)3.062 E +F1 .562(is a compound command,)3.062 F F0 -.27(NA)3.062 G(ME).27 E F1 .561(is optional. The w)3.061 F .561(ord follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F2 -(copr)3.061 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .561(determines whether)3.061 F .338(that w) -108 480 R .338(ord is interpreted as a v)-.1 F .338 -(ariable name: it is interpreted as)-.25 F F1 -.27(NA)2.839 G(ME).27 E -F0 .339(if it is not a reserv)2.839 F .339(ed w)-.15 F .339 -(ord that intro-)-.1 F 1.122(duces a compound command.)108 492 R(If) -6.121 E F1(command)3.621 E F0 1.121(is a simple command,)3.621 F F1 -.27 -(NA)3.621 G(ME).27 E F0 1.121(is not allo)3.621 F 1.121 -(wed; this is to a)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E(confusion between)108 504 -Q F1 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F0(and the \214rst w)2.5 E -(ord of the simple command.)-.1 E .09(When the coprocess is e)108 520.8 +(copr)3.061 E(oc)-.18 E F1 .561(determines whether)3.061 F .338(that w) +108 492 R .338(ord is interpreted as a v)-.1 F .338 +(ariable name: it is interpreted as)-.25 F F0 -.27(NA)2.839 G(ME).27 E +F1 .339(if it is not a reserv)2.839 F .339(ed w)-.15 F .339 +(ord that intro-)-.1 F 1.122(duces a compound command.)108 504 R(If) +6.121 E F0(command)3.621 E F1 1.121(is a simple command,)3.621 F F0 -.27 +(NA)3.621 G(ME).27 E F1 1.121(is not allo)3.621 F 1.121 +(wed; this is to a)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E(confusion between)108 516 +Q F0 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F1(and the \214rst w)2.5 E +(ord of the simple command.)-.1 E .09(When the coprocess is e)108 532.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .09(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F .09 -(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.59 E F0(belo)2.59 E .09(w\) named)-.25 -F F1 -.27(NA)2.59 G(ME).27 E F0 .09(in the)2.59 F(conte)108 532.8 Q .303 +(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.59 E F1(belo)2.59 E .09(w\) named)-.25 +F F0 -.27(NA)2.59 G(ME).27 E F1 .09(in the)2.59 F(conte)108 544.8 Q .303 (xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .303(cuting shell.).15 F .302 -(The standard output of)5.302 F F1(command)3.002 E F0 .302 +(The standard output of)5.302 F F0(command)3.002 E F1 .302 (is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor)3.572 F .587(in the e) -108 544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .587 -(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F1 -.27 -(NA)3.087 G(ME).27 E F0 3.087([0]. The)B .587(standard input of)3.087 F -F1(command)3.287 E F0(is)3.858 E 2.029 -(connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 556.8 R -.15 +108 556.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .587 +(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F0 -.27 +(NA)3.087 G(ME).27 E F1 3.087([0]. The)B .587(standard input of)3.087 F +F0(command)3.287 E F1(is)3.858 E 2.029 +(connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 568.8 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.029 -(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F1 -.27 -(NA)108 568.8 S(ME).27 E F0 2.879([1]. This)B .379 +(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F0 -.27 +(NA)108 580.8 S(ME).27 E F1 2.879([1]. This)B .379 (pipe is established before an)2.879 F 2.879(yr)-.15 G .379 (edirections speci\214ed by the command \(see)-2.879 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(REDIRECTION)2.879 E F0(belo)108 580.8 Q 3.426(w\). The)-.25 F .926 +SF(REDIRECTION)2.879 E F1(belo)108 592.8 Q 3.426(w\). The)-.25 F .926 (\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.426 F .925 (guments to shell commands and redirections using stan-)-.18 F .286 -(dard w)108 592.8 R .286(ord e)-.1 F 2.786(xpansions. Other)-.15 F .286 +(dard w)108 604.8 R .286(ord e)-.1 F 2.786(xpansions. Other)-.15 F .286 (than those created to e)2.786 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 (cute command and process substitutions, the \214le de-).15 F -(scriptors are not a)108 604.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable in subshells.).25 -E 1.676(The process ID of the shell spa)108 621.6 R 1.676(wned to e)-.15 +(scriptors are not a)108 616.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable in subshells.).25 +E 1.676(The process ID of the shell spa)108 633.6 R 1.676(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.676(cute the coprocess is a).15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.676 -(ilable as the v).25 F 1.676(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.27 -(NA)108 633.6 S(ME).27 E F0 2.5(_PID. The)B F2(wait)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +(ilable as the v).25 F 1.676(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F0 -.27 +(NA)108 645.6 S(ME).27 E F1 2.5(_PID. The)B F2(wait)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command may be used to w).2 E (ait for the coprocess to terminate.)-.1 E .336 (Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 -650.4 R F2(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .336(command al)2.836 F -.1(wa)-.1 +662.4 R F2(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F1 .336(command al)2.836 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .336(ys returns success.).1 F -(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 662.4 Q(xit status of) --.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 679.2 -Q F0 2.698(As)108 691.2 S .198 +(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 674.4 Q(xit status of) +-.15 E F0(command)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 691.2 +Q F1 2.698(As)108 703.2 S .198 (hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.698 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G .198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 -(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 703.2 S .5 -.25(ew s) +(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 715.2 S .5 -.25(ew s) -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E (Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 -768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(7)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(7)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(fname)108 84 Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F1(compound\255command) -2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(function)108 96 Q F1(fname)2.5 E F0([\(\)])2.5 E F1 -(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 -E F0(])A .216(This de\214nes a function named)144 108 R F1(fname)2.716 E -F0 5.217(.T)C .217(he reserv)-5.217 F .217(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F2 -(function)2.717 E F0 .217(is optional.)2.717 F .217(If the)5.217 F F2 -(function)2.717 E F0(re-)2.717 E(serv)144 120 Q .68(ed w)-.15 F .68 -(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F(The)5.68 E F1 -(body)3.18 E F0 .68(of the function is the compound)3.18 F(command)144 -132 Q F1(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see)3.354 E F2 .084 -(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.584(\). That) -.15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F1(list)144 144 Q F0 .044 -(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544 -(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F2 .044(Compound Commands) -2.544 F F0(abo)144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.531(.I).15 G 3.031(ft)-5.531 G -(he)-3.031 E F2(function)3.032 E F0(reserv)3.032 E .532(ed w)-.15 F .532 -(ord is used, b)-.1 F .532 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E F0(fname)108 84 Q F1(\(\))2.5 E F0 +(compound\255command)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 +E F1(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(function)108 96 Q F0(fname)2.5 E F1 +([\(\)])2.5 E F0(compound\255command)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.37(re)C(dir) +.37 E(ection)-.37 E F1(])A .216(This de\214nes a function named)144 108 +R F0(fname)2.716 E F1 5.217(.T)C .217(he reserv)-5.217 F .217(ed w)-.15 +F(ord)-.1 E F2(function)2.717 E F1 .217(is optional.)2.717 F .217 +(If the)5.217 F F2(function)2.717 E F1(re-)2.717 E(serv)144 120 Q .68 +(ed w)-.15 F .68(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F +(The)5.68 E F0(body)3.18 E F1 .68(of the function is the compound)3.18 F +(command)144 132 Q F0(compound\255command)2.784 E F1(\(see)3.354 E F2 +.084(Compound Commands)2.584 F F1(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.584 +(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F0(list)144 144 Q F1 +.044(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F +2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F2 .044 +(Compound Commands)2.544 F F1(abo)144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.531(.I).15 +G 3.031(ft)-5.531 G(he)-3.031 E F2(function)3.032 E F1(reserv)3.032 E +.532(ed w)-.15 F .532(ord is used, b)-.1 F .532 (ut the parentheses are not supplied, the braces are)-.2 F(recommended.) -144 168 Q F1(compound\255command)6.254 E F0 1.254(is e)3.754 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.254(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1(fname)3.753 E -F0 1.253(is speci\214ed as the name of a)3.753 F 1.252(simple command.) -144 180 R 1.252(When in)6.252 F F1 1.252(posix mode)3.752 F F0(,)A F1 -(fname)3.752 E F0 1.252(must be a v)3.752 F 1.252(alid shell)-.25 F F1 -(name)3.753 E F0 1.253(and may not be the)3.753 F .089 -(name of one of the POSIX)144 192 R F1 .089(special b)2.589 F(uiltins) --.2 E F0 5.089(.I)C 2.589(nd)-5.089 G(ef)-2.589 E .089 +144 168 Q F0(compound\255command)6.254 E F1 1.254(is e)3.754 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 1.254(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F0(fname)3.753 E +F1 1.253(is speci\214ed as the name of a)3.753 F 1.252(simple command.) +144 180 R 1.252(When in)6.252 F F0 1.252(posix mode)3.752 F F1(,)A F0 +(fname)3.752 E F1 1.252(must be a v)3.752 F 1.252(alid shell)-.25 F F0 +(name)3.753 E F1 1.253(and may not be the)3.753 F .089 +(name of one of the POSIX)144 192 R F0 .089(special b)2.589 F(uiltins) +-.2 E F1 5.089(.I)C 2.589(nd)-5.089 G(ef)-2.589 E .089 (ault mode, a function name can be an)-.1 F 2.588(yu)-.15 G(nquoted) -2.588 E .164(shell w)144 204 R .164(ord that does not contain)-.1 F F2 -($)2.665 E F0 5.165(.A)C .465 -.15(ny r)-5.165 H .165(edirections \(see) -.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.665 E F0(belo)2.415 E .165 +($)2.665 E F1 5.165(.A)C .465 -.15(ny r)-5.165 H .165(edirections \(see) +.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.665 E F1(belo)2.415 E .165 (w\) speci\214ed when a)-.25 F .061 (function is de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.561(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.56 G .06 @@ -1168,51 +1208,51 @@ tax error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 228 R(x-)-.15 E 2.593(ists. When)144 240 R -.15(exe)2.593 G .093 (cuted, the e).15 F .093(xit status of a function is the e)-.15 F .093 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .092(cuted in) -.15 F(the body)144 252 Q 5(.\()-.65 G(See)-5 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0 +.15 F(the body)144 252 Q 5(.\()-.65 G(See)-5 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F1 (belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS) -72 268.8 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 280.8 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +72 268.8 Q F1 .982(In a non-interacti)108 280.8 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982 (hell in which the).15 F F2(interacti)3.482 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 -E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F2(shopt)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)108 292.8 S +E F1 .982(option to the)3.482 F F2(shopt)3.482 E F1 -.2(bu)108 292.8 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.452 F(UIL)-.09 E .952 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be) --.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)3.451 E F0 .951(causes that w)3.451 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)3.202 E .952(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be) +-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)3.451 E F1 .951(causes that w)3.451 F(ord)-.1 E .604 (and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 304.8 R .605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) -.15 F F2(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 316.8 Q F0 +.15 F F2(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 316.8 Q F1 .34(option enabled does not allo)2.84 F 2.84(wc)-.25 G 2.84 -(omments. The)-2.84 F F2(interacti)2.84 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 +(omments. The)-2.84 F F2(interacti)2.84 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F1 .34(option is on by def)2.84 F .34(ault in in-)-.1 F(teracti)108 328.8 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 345.6 S -.438(OT).11 G -(ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 357.6 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777 +(ING).438 E F0(Quoting)108 357.6 Q F1 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 (used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 (ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 381.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 -398.4 R F1(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 +398.4 R F0(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 .288 (listed abo)2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS) -2.788 E F0 .288(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F +2.788 E F1 .288(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F (quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 410.4 Q 1.345 (When the command history e)108 427.2 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 (acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 -(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) --.25 F F1(history e)108 439.2 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 -(,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 +(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F1(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) +-.25 F F0(history e)108 439.2 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F1(character)2.5 E 2.5 +(,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F2(!)2.5 E F1 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 456 Q F1(escape c)2.69 E -(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G +(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 456 Q F0(escape c)2.69 E +(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F1 2.5(,s).73 G (ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.962(An)108 472.8 S .463 -(on-quoted backslash \()-2.962 F F2(\\)A F0 2.963(\)i)C 2.963(st)-2.963 -G(he)-2.963 E F1 .463(escape c)3.153 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.463 +(on-quoted backslash \()-2.962 F F2(\\)A F1 2.963(\)i)C 2.963(st)-2.963 +G(he)-2.963 E F0 .463(escape c)3.153 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F1 5.463 (.I).73 G 2.963(tp)-5.463 G(reserv)-2.963 E .463(es the literal v)-.15 F .463(alue of the ne)-.25 F .463(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 484.8 Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of . If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F2(\\)4.053 E F0(. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F2(\\)4.053 E F1( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F .347 -(quoted, the)108 496.8 R F2(\\)2.847 E F0( is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.848(df).15 G .348(rom the input stream and ef-)-2.848 F (fecti)108 508.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 @@ -1224,2954 +1264,2963 @@ Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of 2.608 E F0(,)A -F2(\\)2.608 E F0 2.608(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.608 F .107 -(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F2(!)2.607 E F0 5.107(.W)C .107 -(hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F1 .107(posix mode)2.607 F F0 2.607(,t)C -(he)-2.607 E F2(!)2.607 E F0 .107(has no)2.607 F .46 +566.4 S .108(ception of).15 F F2($)2.608 E F1(,)A F2<92>2.608 E F1(,)A +F2(\\)2.608 E F1 2.608(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.608 F .107 +(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F2(!)2.607 E F1 5.107(.W)C .107 +(hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F0 .107(posix mode)2.607 F F1 2.607(,t)C +(he)-2.607 E F2(!)2.607 E F1 .107(has no)2.607 F .46 (special meaning within double quotes, e)108 578.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.96 (nw).15 G .46(hen history e)-2.96 F .46(xpansion is enabled.)-.15 F .46 -(The characters)5.46 F F2($)2.96 E F0(and)2.96 E F2<92>2.96 E F0(re-) +(The characters)5.46 F F2($)2.96 E F1(and)2.96 E F2<92>2.96 E F1(re-) 2.96 E .563(tain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 590.4 R .562(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-)5.563 F (lo)108 602.4 Q .601(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 -(wing characters:)-.25 F F2($)3.102 E F0(,)A F2<92>3.102 E F0(,)A F2(") -3.935 E F0(,).833 E F2(\\)3.102 E F0 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F2() -3.102 E F0 5.602(.A)C .602(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .131 +(wing characters:)-.25 F F2($)3.102 E F1(,)A F2<92>3.102 E F1(,)A F2(") +3.935 E F1(,).833 E F2(\\)3.102 E F1 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F2() +3.102 E F1 5.602(.A)C .602(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .131 (double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.)108 614.4 R .131 (If enabled, history e)5.131 F .13(xpansion will be performed unless an) --.15 F F2(!)2.63 E F0 +-.15 F F2(!)2.63 E F1 (appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 626.4 Q -(The backslash preceding the)5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 643.2 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F2(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H +(The backslash preceding the)5 E F2(!)2.5 E F1(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 643.2 Q F2(*)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 +E F2(@)2.5 E F1(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H (pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .148 -(Character sequences of the form)108 660 R F2($)2.649 E F0<08>A F1 -(string)A F0 2.649<0861>C .149(re treated as a special v)-2.649 F .149 +(RAMETERS).666 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .148 +(Character sequences of the form)108 660 R F2($)2.649 E F1<08>A F0 +(string)A F1 2.649<0861>C .149(re treated as a special v)-2.649 F .149 (ariant of single quotes.)-.25 F .149(The sequence e)5.149 F(x-)-.15 E -.528(pands to)108 672 R F1(string)3.028 E F0 3.028(,w)C .528 -(ith backslash-escaped characters in)-3.028 F F1(string)3.027 E F0 .527 +.528(pands to)108 672 R F0(string)3.028 E F1 3.028(,w)C .528 +(ith backslash-escaped characters in)-3.028 F F0(string)3.027 E F1 .527 (replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)3.027 F (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follo)108 684 Q -(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 696 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 696 Q F2(\\b)144 708 -Q F0(backspace)180 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E -(8)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 696 Q F1(alert \(bell\))180 696 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 +768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(8)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\e)144 84 Q(\\E)144 96 Q F0(an escape character)180 96 Q F1(\\f)144 -108 Q F0(form feed)180 108 Q F1(\\n)144 120 Q F0(ne)180 120 Q 2.5(wl) --.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 132 Q F0(carriage return)180 132 Q F1(\\t) -144 144 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 144 Q F1(\\v)144 156 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 -156 S(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 168 Q F0(backslash)180 168 Q F1<5c08> -144 180 Q F0(single quote)180 180 Q F1(\\")144 192 Q F0(double quote)180 -192 Q F1(\\?)144 204 Q F0(question mark)180 204 Q F1(\\)144 216 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 216 Q -(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(\\c)144 312 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5(ac)180 312 S(ontrol-)-2.5 E F2(x)A -F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 328.8 Q(xpanded result is single-quoted, a\ -s if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad)108 345.6 S -.14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F1($)A F0 -(")A F2(string)A F0 .14 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\b)144 84 Q F1(backspace)180 +84 Q F2(\\e)144 96 Q(\\E)144 108 Q F1(an escape character)180 108 Q F2 +(\\f)144 120 Q F1(form feed)180 120 Q F2(\\n)144 132 Q F1(ne)180 132 Q +2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 144 Q F1(carriage return)180 144 Q +F2(\\t)144 156 Q F1(horizontal tab)180 156 Q F2(\\v)144 168 Q F1 -.15 +(ve)180 168 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\\\)144 180 Q F1(backslash)180 180 Q +F2<5c08>144 192 Q F1(single quote)180 192 Q F2(\\")144 204 Q F1 +(double quote)180 204 Q F2(\\?)144 216 Q F1(question mark)180 216 Q F2 +(\\)144 228 Q F0(nnn)A F1(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q +(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F0(nnn)2.5 E F1 +(\(one to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 240 Q F0(HH)A F1 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 240 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F0(HH)2.5 E F1(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F2(\\u)144 252 Q F0(HHHH)A F1 +1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 264 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F0(HHHH) +4.007 E F1(\(one to four he)180 276 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F2 +(\\U)144 288 Q F0(HHHHHHHH)A F1 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 300 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F0(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 312 Q F1(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F2(\\c)144 324 Q F0(x)A F1 2.5(ac)180 324 S(ontrol-)-2.5 E F0(x)A +F1(character)2.5 E(The e)108 340.8 Q(xpanded result is single-quoted, a\ +s if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad)108 357.6 S +.14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F2($)A F1 +(")A F0(string)A F1 .14 ("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B .785 -(to the current locale.)108 357.6 R(The)5.785 E F2 -.1(ge)3.284 G(tte).1 -E(xt)-.2 E F0 .784 +(to the current locale.)108 369.6 R(The)5.785 E F0 -.1(ge)3.284 G(tte).1 +E(xt)-.2 E F1 .784 (infrastructure performs the lookup and translation, using the)3.284 F -F1(LC_MES-)3.284 E(SA)108 369.6 Q(GES)-.55 E F0(,)A F1(TEXTDOMAINDIR) -2.76 E F0 2.76(,a)C(nd)-2.76 E F1(TEXTDOMAIN)2.76 E F0 .261(shell v) -2.761 F 2.761(ariables. If)-.25 F .261(the current locale is)2.761 F F1 -(C)2.761 E F0(or)2.761 E F1(POSIX)2.761 E F0(,)A .792 -(if there are no translations a)108 381.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .791(ilable, \ +F2(LC_MES-)3.284 E(SA)108 381.6 Q(GES)-.55 E F1(,)A F2(TEXTDOMAINDIR) +2.76 E F1 2.76(,a)C(nd)-2.76 E F2(TEXTDOMAIN)2.76 E F1 .261(shell v) +2.761 F 2.761(ariables. If)-.25 F .261(the current locale is)2.761 F F2 +(C)2.761 E F1(or)2.761 E F2(POSIX)2.761 E F1(,)A .792 +(if there are no translations a)108 393.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .791(ilable, \ or if the string is not translated, the dollar sign is ignored.).25 F .791(This is a)5.791 F .534 (form of double quoting, so the string remains double-quoted by def)108 -393.6 R .535(ault, whether or not it is translated and)-.1 F 2.798 -(replaced. If)108 405.6 R(the)2.798 E F1(noexpand_translation)2.797 E F0 -.297(option is enabled using the)2.797 F F1(shopt)2.797 E F0 -.2(bu) +405.6 R .535(ault, whether or not it is translated and)-.1 F 2.798 +(replaced. If)108 417.6 R(the)2.798 E F2(noexpand_translation)2.797 E F1 +.297(option is enabled using the)2.797 F F2(shopt)2.797 E F1 -.2(bu) 2.797 G .297(iltin, translated strings are sin-).2 F 1.228 -(gle-quoted instead of double-quoted.)108 417.6 R 1.229 -(See the description of)6.228 F F1(shopt)3.729 E F0(belo)3.729 E 3.729 +(gle-quoted instead of double-quoted.)108 429.6 R 1.229 +(See the description of)6.228 F F2(shopt)3.729 E F1(belo)3.729 E 3.729 (wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.729 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.229(SHELL B)3.729 F(UIL) --.09 E 1.229(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)108 429.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 446.4 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 -458.4 Q F2(par)4.575 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .825(is an entity that stores v) -4.055 F 3.325(alues. It)-.25 F .825(can be a)3.325 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 +-.09 E 1.229(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)108 441.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 458.4 S(RAMETERS).81 E F1(A)108 +470.4 Q F0(par)4.575 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .825(is an entity that stores v) +4.055 F 3.325(alues. It)-.25 F .825(can be a)3.325 F F0(name)3.684 E F1 3.324(,an).18 G(umber)-3.324 E 3.324(,o)-.4 G 3.324(ro)-3.324 G .824 -(ne of the special characters)-3.324 F .801(listed belo)108 470.4 R -3.301(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.301 E F1 .801(Special P)3.301 F(arameters)-.1 E -F0 5.802(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E F0 .802(is a parameter denoted by a) -3.482 F F2(name)3.662 E F0 5.802(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .802 -(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 482.4 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869 -F F2(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 -(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -(belo)108 494.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F4(\).)A F0 2.754(Ap)108 511.2 S .254 +(ne of the special characters)-3.324 F .801(listed belo)108 482.4 R +3.301(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.301 E F2 .801(Special P)3.301 F(arameters)-.1 E +F1 5.802(.A)C F0(variable)-2.21 E F1 .802(is a parameter denoted by a) +3.482 F F0(name)3.662 E F1 5.802(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .802 +(riable has a).25 F F0(value)108 494.4 Q F1 .369(and zero or more)2.869 +F F0(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F1 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 +(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F2(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F1 -.2(bu) +2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F1 +(belo)108 506.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F4(\).)A F1 2.754(Ap)108 523.2 S .254 (arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.754 F 2.754(alue. The) -.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .255(alid v)-.25 F 2.755 (alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255(ariable is set, it)-3.005 F -(may be unset only by using the)108 523.2 Q F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +(may be unset only by using the)108 535.2 Q F2(unset)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 540 Q F2(variable)2.79 E F0 -(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F2(name)144 556.8 -Q F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(If)108 573.6 Q F2(value)3.023 E F0 .233 +-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 552 Q F0(variable)2.79 E F1 +(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F0(name)144 568.8 +Q F1(=[)A F0(value)A F1(])A(If)108 585.6 Q F0(value)3.023 E F1 .233 (is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F .232 -(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F2(values)3.022 -E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232(xpansion, parameter)-.15 -F .515(and v)108 585.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 +(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F0(values)3.022 +E F1(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232(xpansion, parameter)-.15 +F .515(and v)108 597.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) --3.015 E F3(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 597.6 Q 2.699 -(w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F1 -(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F2(value) -2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198 +-3.015 E F3(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F1(belo)108 609.6 Q 2.699 +(w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F2 +(integer)2.698 E F1(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F0(value) +2.988 E F1 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198 (luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n).15 E .745(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 609.6 R .745 -(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .745(Arithmetic Expansion)3.245 F -F0(belo)3.245 E 3.246(w\). W)-.25 F .746(ord splitting and pathname e) --.8 F(x-)-.15 E 1.364(pansion are not performed.)108 621.6 R 1.364 +(n).15 E .523(if the)108 621.6 R F2($\(\()3.023 E F1 1.666(...)C F2 +(\)\))-1.666 E F1 -.15(ex)3.023 G .523(pansion is not used \(see).15 F +F2 .523(Arithmetic Expansion)3.023 F F1(belo)3.023 E 3.023(w\). W)-.25 F +.524(ord splitting and pathname e)-.8 F(x-)-.15 E 1.364 +(pansion are not performed.)108 633.6 R 1.364 (Assignment statements may also appear as ar)6.364 F 1.363 -(guments to the)-.18 F F1(alias)3.863 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.863 E(e)-.18 -E F0(,)A F1(typeset)108 633.6 Q F0(,)A F1(export)3.964 E F0(,)A F1 -.18 -(re)3.964 G(adonly).18 E F0 3.964(,a)C(nd)-3.964 E F1(local)3.964 E F0 --.2(bu)3.964 G 1.464(iltin commands \().2 F F2(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F0 -3.964(commands\). When)3.964 F(in)3.964 E F2 1.465(posix mode)3.965 F F0 -(,)A 1.142(these b)108 645.6 R 1.142 +(guments to the)-.18 F F2(alias)3.863 E F1(,)A F2(declar)3.863 E(e)-.18 +E F1(,)A F2(typeset)108 645.6 Q F1(,)A F2(export)3.964 E F1(,)A F2 -.18 +(re)3.964 G(adonly).18 E F1 3.964(,a)C(nd)-3.964 E F2(local)3.964 E F1 +-.2(bu)3.964 G 1.464(iltin commands \().2 F F0(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F1 +3.964(commands\). When)3.964 F(in)3.964 E F0 1.465(posix mode)3.965 F F1 +(,)A 1.142(these b)108 657.6 R 1.142 (uiltins may appear in a command after one or more instances of the)-.2 -F F1(command)3.641 E F0 -.2(bu)3.641 G 1.141(iltin and retain).2 F -(these assignment statement properties.)108 657.6 Q .376(In the conte) -108 674.4 R .376(xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 +F F2(command)3.641 E F1 -.2(bu)3.641 G 1.141(iltin and retain).2 F +(these assignment statement properties.)108 669.6 Q .376(In the conte) +108 686.4 R .376(xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377 (x, the +=)-.15 F 1.631 -(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 686.4 R(ariable') +(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 698.4 R(ariable') -.25 E 4.13(sp)-.55 G(re)-4.13 E 1.63(vious v)-.25 F 4.13(alue. This) --.25 F 1.63(includes ar)4.13 F 1.63(guments to)-.18 F -.2(bu)108 698.4 S -.163(iltin commands such as).2 F F1(declar)2.664 E(e)-.18 E F0 .164 -(that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F2(declar)A(ation)-.15 E -F0 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .164(+= is)2.664 F .132 -(applied to a v)108 710.4 R .132(ariable for which the)-.25 F F1 -(integer)2.632 E F0(attrib)2.632 E .132(ute has been set,)-.2 F F2 -(value)2.632 E F0 .131(is e)2.631 F -.25(va)-.25 G .131 -(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpres-)-.15 E 1.226 -(sion and added to the v)108 722.4 R(ariable')-.25 E 3.726(sc)-.55 G -1.227(urrent v)-3.726 F 1.227(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 -G 3.727(luated. When).25 F 1.227(+= is applied to an array)3.727 F -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(9)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F 1.63(includes ar)4.13 F 1.63(guments to)-.18 F -.2(bu)108 710.4 S +.163(iltin commands such as).2 F F2(declar)2.664 E(e)-.18 E F1 .164 +(that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F0(declar)A(ation)-.15 E +F1 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .164(+= is)2.664 F 2.009 +(applied to a v)108 722.4 R 2.009(ariable for which the)-.25 F F2 +(integer)4.509 E F1(attrib)4.509 E 2.009(ute has been set,)-.2 F F0 +(value)4.509 E F1 2.009(is e)4.509 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.008 +(luated as an arithmetic).25 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29) +144.29 E(9)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S -.115(riable using compound assignment \(see).25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Arrays)2.615 E F0(belo)2.615 E .115(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E -2.615(sv)-.55 G .114(alue is not unset \(as it is when us-)-2.865 F .387 -(ing =\), and ne)108 96 R 2.887(wv)-.25 G .388 -(alues are appended to the array be)-3.137 F .388 -(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 2.888(sm)-.55 G .388 -(aximum inde)-2.888 F(x)-.15 E 1.597(\(for inde)108 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -4.097(da).15 G 1.596(rrays\) or added as additional k)-4.097 F -.15(ey) --.1 G.15 E 1.596(alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F 1.896 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 6.596(.W)-.65 G 1.596(hen applied to a)-6.596 F -(string-v)108 120 Q(alued v)-.25 E(ariable,)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(value)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E -(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(alue.)-2.75 E 3.382(Av)108 136.8 S .882 -(ariable can be assigned the)-3.632 F F2(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0 -(attrib)3.382 E .882(ute using the)-.2 F F13.382 E F0 .882 -(option to the)3.382 F F1(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.383 E F1 -(local)3.383 E F0 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883(iltin com-).2 F .316 -(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 148.8 R F1(declar)2.816 E(e)-.18 E -F0(and)2.816 E F1(local)2.816 E F0(belo)2.816 E .316(w\) to create a) --.25 F F2(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.815(,o)C 2.815(rar)-2.815 G .315 -(eference to another v)-2.815 F(ari-)-.25 E 2.918(able. This)108 160.8 R +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E -.15(ex)108 84 S .32(pression and added to the v) +.15 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.82(sc)-.55 G .32(urrent v)-2.82 F .321 +(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.821(luated. When).25 F +.321(+= is applied to an ar)2.821 F(-)-.2 E .083(ray v)108 96 R .083 +(ariable using compound assignment \(see)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Arrays)2.583 E F1(belo)2.582 E .082(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E +2.582(sv)-.55 G .082(alue is not unset \(as it is when)-2.832 F .502 +(using =\), and ne)108 108 R 3.002(wv)-.25 G .503 +(alues are appended to the array be)-3.252 F .503 +(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 3.003(sm)-.55 G .503 +(aximum in-)-3.003 F(de)108 120 Q 3.015(x\()-.15 G .515(for inde)-3.015 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.015(da).15 G .515(rrays\) or added as additional k) +-3.015 F -.15(ey)-.1 G.15 E .515(alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F +.814 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.514(.W)-.65 G .514(hen applied to a) +-5.514 F(string-v)108 132 Q(alued v)-.25 E(ariable,)-.25 E F0(value)2.5 +E F1(is e)2.5 E(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5 +(sv)-.55 G(alue.)-2.75 E 3.382(Av)108 148.8 S .882 +(ariable can be assigned the)-3.632 F F0(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F1 +(attrib)3.382 E .882(ute using the)-.2 F F23.382 E F1 .882 +(option to the)3.382 F F2(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F1(or)3.383 E F2 +(local)3.383 E F1 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883(iltin com-).2 F .316 +(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 160.8 R F2(declar)2.816 E(e)-.18 E +F1(and)2.816 E F2(local)2.816 E F1(belo)2.816 E .316(w\) to create a) +-.25 F F0(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F1 2.815(,o)C 2.815(rar)-2.815 G .315 +(eference to another v)-2.815 F(ari-)-.25 E 2.918(able. This)108 172.8 R (allo)2.918 E .418(ws v)-.25 F .418 (ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 5.419(.W)-.65 G(hene) -5.419 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.919(rt).15 G .419(he nameref v)-2.919 F .419 (ariable is referenced, as-)-.25 F .133 -(signed to, unset, or has its attrib)108 172.8 R .132 -(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F2(namer)2.632 -E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.632 E .132(ute itself\), the)-.2 F 1.356 -(operation is actually performed on the v)108 184.8 R 1.357 +(signed to, unset, or has its attrib)108 184.8 R .132 +(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F0(namer)2.632 +E(ef)-.37 E F1(attrib)2.632 E .132(ute itself\), the)-.2 F 1.356 +(operation is actually performed on the v)108 196.8 R 1.357 (ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.857(sv) -.55 G 3.857(alue. A)-4.107 F 1.357(nameref is)3.857 F .972 -(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 196.8 R .971 +(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 208.8 R .971 (ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .971(gument to the)-.18 F -2.5(function. F)108 208.8 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E +2.5(function. F)108 220.8 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E (ariable name is passed to a shell function as its \214rst ar)-.25 E -(gument, running)-.18 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 226.8 Q -F0 .302(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 244.8 R(ariable)-.25 -E F1 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F0 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303(alue is the v) --.25 F .303(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E -3.592(ment. References)108 256.8 R 1.092(and assignments to)3.592 F F1 --.18(re)3.592 G(f).18 E F0 3.592(,a)C 1.092(nd changes to its attrib) --3.592 F 1.092(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .143 -(ments, and attrib)108 268.8 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F -.144(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F1($1)2.644 E -F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 -(ariable in a)-.25 F F1 -.25(fo)108 280.8 S(r).25 E F0 .868 +(gument, running)-.18 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(declare \255n ref=$1)144 +237.6 Q F1 .302(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 254.4 R +(ariable)-.25 E F2 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F1 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303 +(alue is the v)-.25 F .303(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F +(gu-)-.18 E 3.592(ment. References)108 266.4 R 1.092(and assignments to) +3.592 F F2 -.18(re)3.592 G(f).18 E F1 3.592(,a)C 1.092 +(nd changes to its attrib)-3.592 F 1.092 +(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .143(ments, and attrib) +108 278.4 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F .144 +(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F2($1)2.644 E F1 +5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 +(ariable in a)-.25 F F2 -.25(fo)108 290.4 S(r).25 E F1 .868 (loop has the nameref attrib)3.368 F .868(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .867 (ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .867 (ariables, and a name reference)-.25 F .509 -(will be established for each w)108 292.8 R .509 +(will be established for each w)108 302.4 R .509 (ord in the list, in turn, when the loop is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.009 (cuted. Array).15 F -.25(va)3.009 G .509(riables cannot be).25 F(gi)108 -304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.032(nt).15 G(he)-3.032 E F1(namer)3.032 E(ef) --.18 E F0(attrib)3.032 E 3.032(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.032(nt).15 G(he)-3.032 E F2(namer)3.032 E(ef) +-.18 E F1(attrib)3.032 E 3.032(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.332 -.4(r, n).15 H .532(ameref v).4 F .531 (ariables can reference array v)-.25 F .531(ariables and subscripted ar) --.25 F(-)-.2 E .533(ray v)108 316.8 R 3.033(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F -.533(can be unset using the)3.033 F F13.033 E F0 .533 -(option to the)3.033 F F1(unset)3.033 E F0 -.2(bu)3.034 G 3.034 -(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F(if)3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(is e)3.034 F --.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 328.8 +-.25 F(-)-.2 E .533(ray v)108 326.4 R 3.033(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F +.533(can be unset using the)3.033 F F23.033 E F1 .533 +(option to the)3.033 F F2(unset)3.033 E F1 -.2(bu)3.034 G 3.034 +(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F(if)3.034 E F2(unset)3.034 E F1 .534(is e)3.034 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 338.4 R .442(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .442 (ariable referenced by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E -(will be unset.)108 340.8 Q F1 -.2(Po)87 357.6 S(sitional P).2 E -(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 369.6 Q F2 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter) --.15 E F0 .706(is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than\ +(will be unset.)108 350.4 Q F2 -.2(Po)87 367.2 S(sitional P).2 E +(arameters)-.1 E F1(A)108 379.2 Q F0 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter) +-.15 E F1 .706(is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than\ the single digit 0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 -(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 381.6 R 2.944(sa) +(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 391.2 R 2.944(sa) -.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 393.6 Q F1 -(set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ +(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 403.2 Q F2 +(set)3.333 E F1 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F (The)5.834 E(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shel\ -l function is e)108 405.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When \ +l function is e)108 415.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When \ a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 -422.4 R 1.403(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 -434.4 Q F4(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Special P)87 451.2 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674(The shell treats se)108 -463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T) --.65 G 1.675(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to) --6.675 F(them is not allo)108 475.2 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 487.2 Q F0 -.224(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 487.2 -R .223(When the e)5.224 F .223(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .662 -(quotes, each positional parameter e)144 499.2 R .662 +432 R 1.403(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 444 +Q F4(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(Special P)87 +460.8 Q(arameters)-.1 E F1 1.674(The shell treats se)108 472.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.675 +(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F +(them is not allo)108 484.8 Q(wed.)-.25 E F2(*)108 496.8 Q F1 .224 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 496.8 R +.223(When the e)5.224 F .223(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .662 +(quotes, each positional parameter e)144 508.8 R .662 (xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.162(ord. In)-.1 F(conte)3.162 E .662 -(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.082(those w)144 511.2 R 1.082 +(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.082(those w)144 520.8 R 1.082 (ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.081(ord splitting and pathname e) -.1 F 3.581(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.081(the e)3.581 F(xpansion)-.15 E -.914(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 523.2 R .914 +.914(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 532.8 R .914 (xpands to a single w)-.15 F .915(ord with the v)-.1 F .915 -(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .891 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 535.2 R F4(IFS)3.39 E F0 .89 -(special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .89(is, ")3.39 F F1($*)A F0 -3.39("i)C 3.39(se)-3.39 G(qui)-3.39 E -.25(va)-.25 G .89(lent to ").25 F -F1($1)A F2(c)A F1($2)A F2(c)A F1(...)A F0(",)A(where)144 547.2 Q F2(c) -3.532 E F0 .832(is the \214rst character of the v)3.642 F .832 -(alue of the)-.25 F F4(IFS)3.332 E F0 -.25(va)3.082 G 3.332(riable. If) -.25 F F4(IFS)3.332 E F0 .833(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F -(separated by spaces.)144 559.2 Q(If)5 E F4(IFS)2.5 E F0 +(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .315 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 544.8 R F4(IFS)2.815 E F1 +.315(special v)2.565 F 2.815(ariable. That)-.25 F(is,)2.814 E F2("$*") +2.814 E F1 .314(is equi)2.814 F -.25(va)-.25 G .314(lent to).25 F F2 +("$1)2.814 E F0(c)A F2($2)A F0(c)A F2 1.666(...)C(")-1.666 E F1(,)A +(where)144 556.8 Q F0(c)3.532 E F1 .832 +(is the \214rst character of the v)3.642 F .832(alue of the)-.25 F F4 +(IFS)3.332 E F1 -.25(va)3.082 G 3.332(riable. If).25 F F4(IFS)3.332 E F1 +.833(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F(separated by spaces.)144 568.8 +Q(If)5 E F4(IFS)2.5 E F1 (is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E -(ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 571.2 Q F0 .722 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 571.2 R +(ening separators.)-.15 E F2(@)108 580.8 Q F1 .722 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 580.8 R .722(In conte)5.722 F .722(xts where w)-.15 F .722(ord splitting is per) --.1 F(-)-.2 E 1.165(formed, this e)144 583.2 R 1.165 +-.1 F(-)-.2 E 1.165(formed, this e)144 592.8 R 1.165 (xpands each positional parameter to a separate w)-.15 F 1.165 -(ord; if not within double quotes,)-.1 F .655(these w)144 595.2 R .655 +(ord; if not within double quotes,)-.1 F .655(these w)144 604.8 R .655 (ords are subject to w)-.1 F .655(ord splitting.)-.1 F .655(In conte) 5.655 F .655(xts where w)-.15 F .654 -(ord splitting is not performed, this)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 607.2 S .748 +(ord splitting is not performed, this)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 616.8 S .748 (pands to a single w).15 F .748 (ord with each positional parameter separated by a space.)-.1 F .748 -(When the e)5.748 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.091 -(sion occurs within double quotes, each parameter e)144 619.2 R 1.091 -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.59(ord. That)-.1 F 1.09(is, ")3.59 F F1 -($@)A F0 3.59("i)C(s)-3.59 E(equi)144 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .412 -(lent to ").25 F F1($1)A F0 2.912("")C F1($2)-2.912 E F0 2.912(".)C -2.912(.. If)-2.912 F .413(the double-quoted e)2.913 F .413 -(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F .413(ord, the e)-.1 F .413 -(xpansion of)-.15 F .38(the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)144 -643.2 R .379(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .379(ord, and the e) --.1 F .379(xpansion of the)-.15 F .771 -(last parameter is joined with the last part of the original w)144 655.2 -R 3.271(ord. When)-.1 F .772(there are no positional pa-)3.271 F -(rameters, ")144 667.2 Q F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1($@)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(pand to nothing \(i.e., the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo) --2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 679.2 Q F0 -(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 679.2 Q -F1(?)108 691.2 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 691.2 Q +(When the e)5.748 F(xpan-)-.15 E .895 +(sion occurs within double quotes, each parameter e)144 628.8 R .895 +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.394(ord. That)-.1 F(is,)3.394 E F2 +("$@")3.394 E F1(is)3.394 E(equi)144 640.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .65(lent to) +.25 F F2("$1" "$2" .)3.15 E 1.666(..)1.666 G F1 .651 +(If the double-quoted e)3.984 F .651(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F +.651(ord, the e)-.1 F(xpansion)-.15 E .609 +(of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)144 652.8 R .608 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .608(ord, and the e)-.1 F .608 +(xpansion of)-.15 F .803 +(the last parameter is joined with the last part of the original w)144 +664.8 R 3.304(ord. When)-.1 F .804(there are no positional)3.304 F +(parameters,)144 676.8 Q F2("$@")2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F2($@)2.5 E F1 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(pand to nothing \(i.e., the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 688.8 Q F1 +(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 688.8 Q +F2(?)108 700.8 Q F1(Expands to the e)144 700.8 Q (xit status of the most recently e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 -E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1108 703.2 Q F0 .882 -(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 703.2 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G -.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) -144 715.2 Q F12.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(10)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E +(10)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF($)108 84 Q F0 .839 -(Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a subshell, it e)144 84 R +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF108 84 Q F1 .882 +(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 84 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.381 E F1 -.2(bu)3.381 G +.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) +144 96 Q F22.5 E F1(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 108 Q F1 .839 +(Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a subshell, it e)144 108 R .839(xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F -(shell, not the subshell.)144 96 Q F1(!)108 108 Q F0 .499(Expands to th\ -e process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, wheth\ -er e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E -(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 120 Q F1(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 -E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(0)108 132 Q F0 .886 -(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 132 R .886 -(This is set at shell initialization.)5.886 F(If)5.887 E F1(bash)3.387 E -F0 .887(is in-)3.387 F -.2(vo)144 144 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.668(dw).1 G .168 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-2.668 F F1($0)2.668 E F0 .167 -(is set to the name of that \214le.)2.667 F(If)5.167 E F1(bash)2.667 E -F0 .167(is started with the)2.667 F F12.667 E F0(op-)2.667 E .895 -(tion, then)144 156 R F1($0)3.395 E F0 .895(is set to the \214rst ar) +(shell, not the subshell.)144 120 Q F2(!)108 132 Q F1 .499(Expands to t\ +he process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, whet\ +her e)144 132 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E +(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 144 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 +E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 156 Q F1 .886 +(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 156 R .886 +(This is set at shell initialization.)5.886 F(If)5.887 E F2(bash)3.387 E +F1 .887(is in-)3.387 F -.2(vo)144 168 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.668(dw).1 G .168 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-2.668 F F2($0)2.668 E F1 .167 +(is set to the name of that \214le.)2.667 F(If)5.167 E F2(bash)2.667 E +F1 .167(is started with the)2.667 F F22.667 E F1(op-)2.667 E .895 +(tion, then)144 180 R F2($0)3.395 E F1 .895(is set to the \214rst ar) 3.395 F .895(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .896 (cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.896 E(-)-.2 E -(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 168 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G F1(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H -2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F1(Shell V) -87 184.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 196.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E -(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1(_)108 213.6 Q F0 1.526 -(At shell startup, set to the pathname used to in)144 213.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 +(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 192 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F1 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H +2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F2(Shell V) +87 208.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F1(The follo)108 220.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E +(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2(_)108 237.6 Q F1 1.526 +(At shell startup, set to the pathname used to in)144 237.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.725 -.1(ke t).2 H 1.525(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.525(cuted as).15 F .173(passed in the en)144 225.6 R .173 +(xe)-.15 G 1.525(cuted as).15 F .173(passed in the en)144 249.6 R .173 (vironment or ar)-.4 F .173(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.173 E 2.673(,e)-.65 G .173(xpands to the last ar)-2.823 F .174 -(gument to the pre-)-.18 F .337(vious simple command e)144 237.6 R -.15 +(gument to the pre-)-.18 F .337(vious simple command e)144 261.6 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .337(cuted in the fore).15 F .336(ground, after e)-.15 F 2.836(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .336(set to the full pathname)2.836 F .365 -(used to in)144 249.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .565 -.1(ke e).2 H .365 +(used to in)144 273.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .565 -.1(ke e).2 H .365 (ach command e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .366(cuted and placed in the en).15 F .366(vironment e)-.4 F .366(xported to that command.)-.15 F(When checki\ ng mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently bei\ -ng check)144 261.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1 -.3(BA)108 273.6 S(SH).3 E F0 -(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 273.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 --.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 -285.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.549(Ac)144 297.6 S .049 +ng check)144 285.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2 -.3(BA)108 297.6 S(SH).3 E F1 +(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 297.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 +-.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 +309.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F1 2.549(Ac)144 321.6 S .049 (olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w) 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 -(gument for the)-.18 F F12.548 E F0 .115(option to the)144 309.6 R -F1(shopt)2.616 E F0 -.2(bu)2.616 G .116(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .116 -(SHELL B)2.616 F(UIL)-.09 E .116(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.366 E +(gument for the)-.18 F F22.548 E F1 .115(option to the)144 333.6 R +F2(shopt)2.616 E F1 -.2(bu)2.616 G .116(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 .116 +(SHELL B)2.616 F(UIL)-.09 E .116(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)2.366 E 2.616(w\). The)-.25 F .116(options ap-)2.616 F 1.067(pearing in)144 -321.6 R F2 -.27(BA)3.567 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 1.067(are those reported as) -3.317 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)3.797 E F0(by)3.807 E F1(shopt)3.567 -E F0 6.066(.I)C 3.566(ft)-6.066 G 1.066(his v)-3.566 F 1.066 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 333.6 Q F1(bash) -3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 -F(This v)144 345.6 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1 -.3(BA)108 -357.6 S(SHPID).3 E F0 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 -369.6 R F1(bash)2.688 E F0 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187 -(fers from)-.25 F F1($$)2.687 E F0 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F -.548(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 381.6 R F1(bash) -3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .549(Assignments to)5.549 -F F2 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 393.6 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E -F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +345.6 R F3 -.27(BA)3.567 G(SHOPTS).27 E F1 1.067(are those reported as) +3.317 F F0(on)3.797 E F1(by)3.807 E F2(shopt)3.567 E F1 6.066(.I)C 3.566 +(ft)-6.066 G 1.066(his v)-3.566 F 1.066(ariable is in the en)-.25 F +(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 357.6 Q F2(bash)3.141 E F1 .642(starts up, ea\ +ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F +3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 369.6 Q +(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 381.6 S(SHPID).3 E +F1 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 393.6 R F2(bash) +2.688 E F1 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187(fers from)-.25 F +F2($$)2.687 E F1 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F .548 +(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 405.6 R F2(bash) +3.048 E F1 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .549(Assignments to)5.549 +F F3 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F1(ha)144 417.6 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E +F1(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 405.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 1.195(An associati)144 -417.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose m\ +-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 429.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F1 1.195(An associati)144 +441.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose m\ embers correspond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16 -(tained by the)144 429.6 R F1(alias)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66 +(tained by the)144 453.6 R F2(alias)2.66 E F1 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66 (iltin. Elements).2 F .16 (added to this array appear in the alias list; ho)2.66 F(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 -(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 441.6 R +(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 465.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) -9.502 E F1 -.3(BA)144 453.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 +9.502 E F2 -.3(BA)144 477.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F1 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 465.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .934(An array v)144 477.6 R +-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 489.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F1 .934(An array v)144 501.6 R .934(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F1(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 489.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F +F2(bash)3.435 E F1 -.15(exe)144 513.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\ -n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 501.6 S .141(cuted with).15 F F1(.) -2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F1(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa) +n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 525.6 S .141(cuted with).15 F F2(.) +2.641 E F1(or)2.641 E F2(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F1 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa) -2.641 G 2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 (When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 (cuted, the number of).15 F 1.265(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -513.6 R F2 -.27(BA)3.765 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -1.265(The shell sets)5.765 F F2 -.27(BA)3.765 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 1.265 -(only when in e)3.515 F(x-)-.15 E .947(tended deb)144 525.6 R .947 -(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1(extdeb)3.447 E(ug)-.2 -E F0 .947(option to the)3.447 F F1(shopt)3.447 E F0 -.2(bu)3.448 G .948 -(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 537.6 Q F1(extdeb)3.363 E(ug) --.2 E F0 .863(after the shell has started to e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +537.6 R F3 -.27(BA)3.765 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 +1.265(The shell sets)5.765 F F3 -.27(BA)3.765 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F1 1.265 +(only when in e)3.515 F(x-)-.15 E .947(tended deb)144 549.6 R .947 +(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F2(extdeb)3.447 E(ug)-.2 +E F1 .947(option to the)3.447 F F2(shopt)3.447 E F1 -.2(bu)3.448 G .948 +(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 561.6 Q F2(extdeb)3.363 E(ug) +-.2 E F1 .863(after the shell has started to e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .862(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .862(ariable when)-.25 F -F1(extdeb)144 549.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .706 +F2(extdeb)144 573.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F1 .706 (is not set, may result in inconsistent v)3.206 F 3.206 -(alues. Assignments)-.25 F(to)3.206 E F2 -.27(BA)3.206 G(SH_ARGC).27 E -F0(ha)2.957 E 1.007 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.207(oe).15 G(f-)-3.207 E -(fect, and it may not be unset.)144 561.6 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 573.6 S -(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .207(An array v)144 585.6 R .206 -(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) -2.706 E F0 -.15(exe)2.706 G .206(cution call stack.).15 F .206 +(alues. Assignments)-.25 F(to)3.206 E F3 -.27(BA)3.206 G(SH_ARGC).27 E +F1(ha)2.957 E 1.007 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.207(oe).15 G(f-)-3.207 E +(fect, and it may not be unset.)144 585.6 Q F2 -.3(BA)108 597.6 S +(SH_ARGV).3 E F1 .207(An array v)144 609.6 R .206 +(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F2(bash) +2.706 E F1 -.15(exe)2.706 G .206(cution call stack.).15 F .206 (The \214-)5.206 F .567(nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at\ - the top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 597.6 R -1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 609.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) + the top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 621.6 R +1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 633.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) 6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 -(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.27(BA)144 -621.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F0 .853(The shell sets)5.353 F F2 -.27(BA) -3.353 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .853(only when in e)3.103 F .854(xtended deb) +(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F3 -.27(BA)144 +645.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F1 .853(The shell sets)5.353 F F3 -.27(BA) +3.353 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F1 .853(only when in e)3.103 F .854(xtended deb) -.15 F .854(ugging mode \(see the de-)-.2 F .476(scription of the)144 -633.6 R F1(extdeb)2.976 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .476(option to the)2.976 F F1 -(shopt)2.975 E F0 -.2(bu)2.975 G .475(iltin belo).2 F 2.975 -(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)2.975 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .475 -(after the shell has)2.975 F .45(started to e)144 645.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +657.6 R F2(extdeb)2.976 E(ug)-.2 E F1 .476(option to the)2.976 F F2 +(shopt)2.975 E F1 -.2(bu)2.975 G .475(iltin belo).2 F 2.975 +(w\). Setting)-.25 F F2(extdeb)2.975 E(ug)-.2 E F1 .475 +(after the shell has)2.975 F .45(started to e)144 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .45(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .45(ariable when)-.25 F -F1(extdeb)2.95 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .45(is not set, may result in in-)2.95 F -(consistent v)144 657.6 Q 2.5(alues. Assignments)-.25 F(to)2.5 E F2 -.27 -(BA)2.5 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0(ha)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G --.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 669.6 S -(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .251(When referenced, this v)144 681.6 R .251 +F2(extdeb)2.95 E(ug)-.2 E F1 .45(is not set, may result in in-)2.95 F +(consistent v)144 681.6 Q 2.5(alues. Assignments)-.25 F(to)2.5 E F3 -.27 +(BA)2.5 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F1(ha)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G +-.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 693.6 S +(SH_ARGV0).3 E F1 .251(When referenced, this v)144 705.6 R .251 (ariable e)-.25 F .251 (xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F -F1($0)2.75 E F0 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E .04 -(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 693.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.541(\). Assignment).15 F(to)2.541 E F1 -.3(BA)2.541 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 +F2($0)2.75 E F1 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E .04 +(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 717.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.541(\). Assignment).15 F(to)2.541 E F2 -.3(BA)2.541 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F1 .041(causes the v)2.541 F .041(alue as-)-.25 F .216 -(signed to also be assigned to)144 705.6 R F1($0)2.716 E F0 5.216(.I)C -(f)-5.216 E F1 -.3(BA)2.716 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .216 +(signed to also be assigned to)144 729.6 R F2($0)2.716 E F1 5.216(.I)C +(f)-5.216 E F2 -.3(BA)2.716 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F1 .216 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.716 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.715(ni).15 G(f)-2.715 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 717.6 Q -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(11)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +2.715(ni).15 G(f)-2.715 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E +(11)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 96 R .967 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H .667(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to\ - the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .196(as maintained by the) -144 108 R F1(hash)2.696 E F0 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696(iltin. Elements).2 F -.195(added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently doe\ -s not cause command names to be remo)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df) -.15 G .853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 132 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G -(SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 84 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F1 .667(An associati)144 +108 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .667(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose member\ +s correspond to the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .196 +(as maintained by the)144 120 R F2(hash)2.696 E F1 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696 +(iltin. Elements).2 F .195 +(added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently does no\ +t cause command names to be remo)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G +.853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 144 R F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G +(SH_CMDS).3 E F1(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.243 -(The command currently being e)144 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 156 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F1 1.243 +(The command currently being e)144 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 (cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 (cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F .262(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e) -144 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .263(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 F(If) -144 180 Q F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 +144 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .263(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 F(If) +144 192 Q F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMMAND).3 E F1 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 192 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar) -144 204 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 216 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 -(An array v)144 228 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 240 -R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469 -(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E -(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .97 -(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 252 R F1 -(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 -E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F1(${B)144 264 Q(ASH_LINENO[) --.3 E F3($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 -(if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 -(LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 -276 Q 5(.A)-.55 G(ssignments to)-5 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_LINENO).27 E F0 +-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 204 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F1(The command ar) +144 216 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F22.5 E F1(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +(cation option.).2 E F2 -.3(BA)108 228 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F1 .693 +(An array v)144 240 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 252 +R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F1 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469 +(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F2(${B)5.969 E +(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F0($i)A F2(]})A F1 .97 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 264 R F2 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F0($i+1)A F2(]})A F1 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 +E F2(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F0($i)A F2(]})A F1 -.1(wa)17.172 G +17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F2(${B)144 276 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +-.3 E F0($i\2551)A F2(]})A F1 1.256 +(if referenced within another shell function\).)3.756 F(Use)6.257 E F3 +(LINENO)3.757 E F1 1.257(to obtain)3.507 F(the current line number)144 +288 Q 5(.A)-.55 G(ssignments to)-5 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_LINENO).27 E F1 (ha)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G -(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 288 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD) --.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 300 S 1.57(o\ +(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 300 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD) +-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1 4.07(Ac)144 312 S 1.57(o\ lon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for dynamica\ -lly loadable b)-4.07 F(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 312 Q F1 -(enable)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 324 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH) --.95 E F0 1.418(An array v)144 336 R 1.418 -(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1<3d01>3.918 E F0 -1.418(binary operator to the)3.918 F F1([[)3.918 E F0(conditional)3.918 -E 3.462(command. The)144 348 R .962(element with inde)3.462 F 3.462(x0i) +lly loadable b)-4.07 F(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 324 Q F2 +(enable)2.5 E F1(command.)2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH) +-.95 E F1 1.418(An array v)144 348 R 1.418 +(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F2<3d01>3.918 E F1 +1.418(binary operator to the)3.918 F F2([[)3.918 E F1(conditional)3.918 +E 3.462(command. The)144 360 R .962(element with inde)3.462 F 3.462(x0i) -.15 G 3.462(st)-3.462 G .962 (he portion of the string matching the entire re)-3.462 F .961(gular e) --.15 F(x-)-.15 E 2.505(pression. The)144 360 R .005(element with inde) -2.505 F(x)-.15 E F3(n)2.505 E F0 .005 -(is the portion of the string matching the)2.505 F F3(n)2.505 E F0 .005 -(th parenthesized sub-)B -.15(ex)144 372 S(pression.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 -384 S(SH_MONOSECONDS).3 E F0 .707(Each time this v)144 396 R .707 +-.15 F(x-)-.15 E 3.82(pression. The)144 372 R 1.32(element with inde) +3.82 F(x)-.15 E F0(n)3.82 E F1 1.32 +(is the portion of the string matching the)3.82 F F0(n)3.82 E F1 1.32 +(th parenthesized)B(sube)144 384 Q(xpression.)-.15 E F2 -.3(BA)108 396 S +(SH_MONOSECONDS).3 E F1 .707(Each time this v)144 408 R .707 (ariable is referenced, it e)-.25 F .707(xpands to the v)-.15 F .706 (alue returned by the system')-.25 F 3.206(sm)-.55 G(onotonic)-3.206 E -.057(clock, if one is a)144 408 R -.25(va)-.2 G 2.557(ilable. If).25 F +.057(clock, if one is a)144 420 R -.25(va)-.2 G 2.557(ilable. If).25 F .057(there is no monotonic clock, this is equi)2.557 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.058(lent to).25 F F1(EPOCHSECONDS)2.558 E F0(.)A(If)144 420 Q F1 -.3 -(BA)3.02 G(SH_MONOSECONDS).3 E F0 .519 +.058(lent to).25 F F2(EPOCHSECONDS)2.558 E F1(.)A(If)144 432 Q F2 -.3 +(BA)3.02 G(SH_MONOSECONDS).3 E F1 .519 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.02 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.019(ni).15 G 3.019(fi)-3.019 G 3.019(ti)-3.019 G 3.019(ss)-3.019 G -.519(ubsequently re-)-3.019 F(set.)144 432 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 444 S -(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 456 R .125(ariable whose members\ +.519(ubsequently re-)-3.019 F(set.)144 444 Q F2 -.3(BA)108 456 S +(SH_SOURCE).3 E F1 .125(An array v)144 468 R .125(ariable whose members\ are the source \214lenames where the corresponding shell function)-.25 -F .781(names in the)144 468 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME)-.18 E F0 .78(array v) +F .781(names in the)144 480 R F3(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME)-.18 E F1 .78(array v) 3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78(The shell function)5.78 F -F1(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0(is)3.28 E .424 -(de\214ned in the \214le)144 480 R F1(${B)2.924 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3 -($i)A F1(]})A F0 .425(and called from)2.924 F F1(${B)2.925 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 5.425(.A)C(ssign-)-5.425 E -(ments to)144 492 Q F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_SOURCE).27 E F0(ha)2.25 E .3 +F2(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F0($i)A F2(]})A F1(is)3.28 E .424 +(de\214ned in the \214le)144 492 R F2(${B)2.924 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F0 +($i)A F2(]})A F1 .425(and called from)2.924 F F2(${B)2.925 E +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F0($i+1)A F2(]})A F1 5.425(.A)C(ssign-)-5.425 E +(ments to)144 504 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_SOURCE).27 E F1(ha)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G -(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 504 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 -E F0 .296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 516 +(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 +E F1 .296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 528 R .296(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting).15 E 1.276(in that en)144 528 R 3.776(vironment. The)-.4 F -1.276(initial v)3.776 F 1.277(alue is 0.)-.25 F(If)6.277 E F1 -.3(BA) -3.777 G(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 1.277(is unset, it loses its special)3.777 F -(properties, e)144 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5 -(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 552 S -(SH_TRAPSIG).3 E F0 .203 +G(cuting).15 E 1.276(in that en)144 540 R 3.776(vironment. The)-.4 F +1.276(initial v)3.776 F 1.277(alue is 0.)-.25 F(If)6.277 E F2 -.3(BA) +3.777 G(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F1 1.277(is unset, it loses its special)3.777 F +(properties, e)144 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5 +(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 564 S +(SH_TRAPSIG).3 E F1 .203 (Set to the signal number corresponding to the trap action being e)144 -564 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .202(cuted during its e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.702 -(cution. See).15 F .782(the description of)144 576 R F1(trap)3.282 E F0 -(under)3.282 E F2 .782(SHELL B)3.282 F(UIL)-.09 E .782(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.032 E 3.282(wf)-.25 G .783 -(or information about signal)-3.282 F(numbers and trap e)144 588 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 600 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645 -(Ar)144 612 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 +576 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .202(cuted during its e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.702 +(cution. See).15 F .782(the description of)144 588 R F2(trap)3.282 E F1 +(under)3.282 E F3 .782(SHELL B)3.282 F(UIL)-.09 E .782(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F1(belo)3.032 E 3.282(wf)-.25 G .783 +(or information about signal)-3.282 F(numbers and trap e)144 600 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E F2 -.3(BA)108 612 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F1 2.645 +(Ar)144 624 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 -(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 624 S -(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)144 642 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 642 Q -(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 -(BA)144 654 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)264 654 Q -(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F3(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) -144 666 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)264 666 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 678 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A -F0(The b)264 678 Q(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 690 S -(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)264 690 Q -F3(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 702 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 -(])A F0(The v)264 702 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E -(12)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F2(bash)2.644 E F1 5.144 +(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 636 S +(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 -.3 +(BA)144 648 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F1(0)A F2(])A F1(The major v)264 648 Q +(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F0 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F1(\).)A F2 -.3 +(BA)144 660 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F1(1)A F2(])A F1(The minor v)264 660 Q +(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F0(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F1(\).)A F2 -.3(BA) +144 672 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F1(2)A F2(])A F1(The patch le)264 672 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F2 -.3(BA)144 684 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F1(3)A F2(])A +F1(The b)264 684 Q(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F2 -.3(BA)144 696 S +(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F1(4)A F2(])A F1(The release status \(e.g.,)264 696 Q +F0(beta)2.5 E F1(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(12) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 -(Expands to a string describing the v)144 96 Q -(ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -108 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 120 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E -F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_VERSINFO[) +.3 E F1(5)A F2(])A F1(The v)264 84 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 96 S +(SH_VERSION).3 E F1(Expands to a string describing the v)144 108 Q +(ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(COMP_CW)108 +120 Q(ORD)-.1 E F1 .396(An inde)144 132 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E +F2(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F1 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 (ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 132 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 144 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 (db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 144 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 156 Q F0(The k)144 168 Q .3 +1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F2(Pr)144 156 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_KEY)108 168 Q F1(The k)144 180 Q .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 -H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 180 Q F0 1.207 -(The current command line.)144 192 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 +H(he current completion function.).1 E F2(COMP_LINE)108 192 Q F1 1.207 +(The current command line.)144 204 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F -1.037(mands in)144 204 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.537(db).1 G 3.537 +1.037(mands in)144 216 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.537(db).1 G 3.537 (yt)-3.537 G 1.037(he programmable completion f)-3.537 F 1.037 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.537 E 1.037(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(be-)3.537 E(lo)144 216 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 228 Q F0 .666 -(The inde)144 240 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F2(Pr)3.537 E 1.037(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F1(be-)3.537 E(lo)144 228 Q(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_POINT)108 240 Q F1 .666 +(The inde)144 252 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 (he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 (ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -252 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 264 Q F0 5.704(.T)C .704(his v)-5.704 F .704 +264 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F2 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 276 Q F1 5.704(.T)C .704(his v)-5.704 F .704 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .704 (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F .705(xternal commands in-) --.15 F -.2(vo)144 276 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G -(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -288 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 300 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +-.15 F -.2(vo)144 288 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_TYPE)108 +300 Q F1 .042(Set to an inte)144 312 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 312 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5 -(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2 -(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi) --2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 324 Q F0 3.068(,f)C -.567(or listing alternati)-3.068 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.067(so).15 G 3.067 -(np)-3.067 G .567(artial w)-3.067 F .567(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@) -3.067 E F0 3.067(,t)C 3.067(ol)-3.067 G .567(ist completions if the w) --3.067 F .567(ord is not un-)-.1 F .417(modi\214ed, or)144 336 R F2(%) -2.917 E F0 2.917(,f)C .417(or menu completion.)-2.917 F .417(This v) -5.417 F .417(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .418 +-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 324 R F0 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F1 +2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F0(?)2.837 E F1 2.837(,f) +C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H(abs,).15 E F0(!)144 336 Q F1 3.068(,f)C .567 +(or listing alternati)-3.068 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.067(so).15 G 3.067(np) +-3.067 G .567(artial w)-3.067 F .567(ord completion,)-.1 F F0(@)3.067 E +F1 3.067(,t)C 3.067(ol)-3.067 G .567(ist completions if the w)-3.067 F +.567(ord is not un-)-.1 F .417(modi\214ed, or)144 348 R F0(%)2.917 E F1 +2.917(,f)C .417(or menu completion.)-2.917 F .417(This v)5.417 F .417 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .418 (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F(xter)-.15 E(-)-.2 E .704 -(nal commands in)144 348 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.204(db).1 G 3.204 +(nal commands in)144 360 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.204(db).1 G 3.204 (yt)-3.204 G .704(he programmable completion f)-3.204 F .704 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.204 E .704(ogrammable Comple-)-.18 F -(tion)144 360 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 372 Q(ORDBREAKS) --.1 E F0 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 384 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F2(Pr)3.204 E .704(ogrammable Comple-)-.18 F +(tion)144 372 Q F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_W)108 384 Q(ORDBREAKS) +-.1 E F1 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 396 R F2 -.18(re)3.836 +G(adline).18 E F1 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 (ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) -144 396 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +144 408 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F1 .626 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G -(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 408 Q F1(COMP_W)108 420 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .653(An array v)144 432 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E -F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) --.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.192(line. The)144 444 R -.692(line is split into w)3.192 F .692(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.192 G -(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)3.192 G .692(uld split it, using).1 F F3(COMP_W) -3.192 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .691(as de-)2.942 F 1.557(scribed abo)144 -456 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.557(.T).15 G 1.557(his v)-6.557 F 1.557 +(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 420 Q F2(COMP_W)108 432 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F1 .653(An array v)144 444 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)3.153 E +F1(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) +-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.192(line. The)144 456 R +.692(line is split into w)3.192 F .692(ords as)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)3.192 G +(adline).18 E F1 -.1(wo)3.192 G .692(uld split it, using).1 F F3(COMP_W) +3.192 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F1 .691(as de-)2.942 F 1.557(scribed abo)144 +468 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.557(.T).15 G 1.557(his v)-6.557 F 1.557 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.558 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.058 (db).1 G 4.058(yt)-4.058 G 1.558(he programmable)-4.058 F(completion f) -144 468 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 480 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) -144 492 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E +144 480 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F2(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COPR)108 492 Q(OC)-.3 E F1 .169(An array v) +144 504 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.669 E F1(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 504 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 516 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 .789(An array v)144 528 R .789(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)3.289 E F0(belo)3.289 E .789 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 516 Q F2(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F1(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2(DIRST)108 528 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F1 .789(An array v)144 540 R .789(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2 +(Arrays)3.289 E F1(belo)3.289 E .789 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F(Di-) -5.79 E .099(rectories appear in the stack in the order the)144 540 R -2.599(ya)-.15 G .099(re displayed by the)-2.599 F F1(dirs)2.599 E F0 -.2 +5.79 E .099(rectories appear in the stack in the order the)144 552 R +2.599(ya)-.15 G .099(re displayed by the)-2.599 F F2(dirs)2.599 E F1 -.2 (bu)2.599 G 2.598(iltin. Assigning).2 F .098(to mem-)2.598 F .84 -(bers of this array v)144 552 R .84 +(bers of this array v)144 564 R .84 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F .84(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)3.34 E F0(and)144 564 Q F1(popd)3.451 E F0 +F .84(ut the)-.2 F F2(pushd)3.34 E F1(and)144 576 Q F2(popd)3.451 E F1 -.2(bu)3.451 G .951(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F 1.251 -.15 (ve d)-.15 H 3.45(irectories. Assignment).15 F .95(to this v)3.45 F .95 -(ariable will)-.25 F .378(not change the current directory)144 576 R -5.378(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.378 E F3(DIRST)2.878 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 +(ariable will)-.25 F .378(not change the current directory)144 588 R +5.378(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.378 E F3(DIRST)2.878 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F1 .379(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.628 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.879(ni).15 G 2.879(fi)-2.879 G 2.879(ti)-2.879 G(s)-2.879 E -(subsequently reset.)144 588 Q F1(EPOCHREAL)108 600 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 -.338(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 612 R .337 +(subsequently reset.)144 600 Q F2(EPOCHREAL)108 612 Q(TIME)-.92 E F1 +.338(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 624 R .337 (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -624 Q F2(time)2.916 E F0 .416(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .417 -(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.417(.A)-.65 G .417 -(ssignments to)-5.417 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.917 E(AL)144 636 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 +636 Q F0(time)3.02 E F1 .39(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v).18 F .391 +(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.391(.A)-.65 G .391 +(ssignments to)-5.391 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.891 E(AL)144 648 Q(TIME)-.828 E F1 1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E -F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 +F1 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.59(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E -(subsequently reset.)144 648 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 660 Q F0 .337 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 672 R .338 +(subsequently reset.)144 660 Q F2(EPOCHSECONDS)108 672 Q F1 .337 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 684 R .338 (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -684 Q F2(time)4.042 E F0 4.042(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.042 E F3 -(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3 -(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.541(is unset, it)3.791 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 696 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G -2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(EUID)108 708 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)144 708 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 --.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G -1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 720 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(13)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +696 Q F0(time)4.144 E F1 4.014(\(3\)\). Assignments).18 F(to)4.014 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.014 E F1 1.513(are ignored.)3.764 F(If)6.513 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.013 E F1 1.513(is unset, it)3.763 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(13)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FUNCN)108 84 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 96 R .479 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EUID)108 84 Q F1 1.103 +(Expands to the ef)144 84 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103 +(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 +(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 96 Q(.)-.65 E F2(FUNCN)108 108 Q(AME)-.2 +E F1 .479(An array v)144 120 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) -.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 -(The element with inde)144 108 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 +(The element with inde)144 132 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 (he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 -(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 120 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F2 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 -(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 -(tion is e)144 132 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.575 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 --.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3 -(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F -(special properties, e)144 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 -162 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) -.3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 174 S(ME).2 E F0 -1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) -.3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 -(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 186 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G -2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012 -(alled from the \214le)-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4 -($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183(at line number)144 198 R F1(${B)3.683 E -(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller) -3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G 1.184 -(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F(this information.)144 -210 Q F1(GR)108 222 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229(An array v)144 234 R 1.228(ar\ -iable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a memb\ -er)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E .571(ments to)144 246 R F3(GR) -3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G --.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 +G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .065 +(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 144 R .065 +(x\) is \231main\232.)-.15 F .065(This v)5.065 F .065(ariable e)-.25 F +.065(xists only when a shell function)-.15 F .002(is e)144 156 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.502(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.502 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FUNCN)2.502 E(AME)-.18 E F1(ha)2.252 E .302 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.502(oe) +.15 G -.25(ff)-2.502 G 2.502(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.502 E(AME)-.18 E +F1 .003(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.252 F(cial properties, e)144 168 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 184.8 R .111 +(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F1 +(and)2.611 E F2 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F1 5.111(.E)C .111 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F2(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 196.8 S(ME).2 E F1 +1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F2 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) +.3 E F1(and)3.904 E F2 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F1 1.404 +(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 208.8 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G +2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F2(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F0($i)A +F2(]})A F1 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) +-2.512 F F2(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F0($i+1)A F2(]})A F1 1.183 +(at line number)144 220.8 R F2(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F0($i)A F2 +(]})A F1 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F2(caller)3.683 E F1 -.2(bu)3.683 G +1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F +(this information.)144 232.8 Q F2(GR)108 244.8 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F1 1.229 +(An array v)144 256.8 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of \ +which the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 +E .571(ments to)144 268.8 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F1(ha)2.822 E .872 +-.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3 +(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F1 .572 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E -(subsequently reset.)144 258 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 270 Q F0 2.811 -(The history number)144 282 R 5.311(,o)-.4 G 5.311(ri)-5.311 G(nde) +(subsequently reset.)144 280.8 Q F2(HISTCMD)108 292.8 Q F1 2.811 +(The history number)144 304.8 R 5.311(,o)-.4 G 5.311(ri)-5.311 G(nde) -5.311 E 5.311(xi)-.15 G 5.311(nt)-5.311 G 2.811 (he history list, of the current command.)-5.311 F 2.81(Assignments to) -7.81 F F3(HISTCMD)144 294 Q F0 1.134(are ignored.)3.384 F(If)6.134 E F3 -(HISTCMD)3.634 E F0 1.135(is unset, it loses its special properties, e) -3.385 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.635(ni).15 G 3.635(fi)-3.635 G 3.635(ti)-3.635 -G 3.635(ss)-3.635 G(ubse-)-3.635 E(quently reset.)144 306 Q F1(HOSTN)108 -318 Q(AME)-.2 E F0(Automatically set to the name of the current host.) -144 330 Q F1(HOSTTYPE)108 342 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string t\ -hat uniquely describes the type of machine on which)144 354 R F1(bash) -2.722 E F0 .222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 -366 R(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 378 Q F0 +7.81 F F3(HISTCMD)144 316.8 Q F1 1.134(are ignored.)3.384 F(If)6.134 E +F3(HISTCMD)3.634 E F1 1.135 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.385 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.635(ni).15 G 3.635(fi)-3.635 G 3.635(ti)-3.635 G 3.635(ss)-3.635 G +(ubse-)-3.635 E(quently reset.)144 328.8 Q F2(HOSTN)108 340.8 Q(AME)-.2 +E F1(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 352.8 Q F2 +(HOSTTYPE)108 364.8 Q F1 .223(Automatically set to a string that unique\ +ly describes the type of machine on which)144 376.8 R F2(bash)2.722 E F1 +.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 388.8 R +(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F2(LINENO)108 400.8 Q F1 1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a d\ -ecimal number representing the)144 390 R .078(current sequential line n\ -umber \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 402 R .078 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 414 R .306 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E -F3(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F -(special properties, e)144 426 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 438 Q -(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ -es the system type on which)144 450 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 462 Q F4 -(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 474 Q F0 .293 -(An array v)144 486 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0 +ecimal number representing the)144 412.8 R .078(current sequential line\ + number \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 424.8 R +.078(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 436.8 R +.306(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If) +5.307 E F3(LINENO)2.807 E F1 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F +(special properties, e)144 448.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi) +-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F2(MA)108 +460.8 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F1 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully \ +describes the system type on which)144 472.8 R F2(bash)3.398 E F1 .898 +(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 +484.8 Q F0(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F1 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F2(MAPFILE)108 496.8 Q F1 .293 +(An array v)144 508.8 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.793 E F1 (belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294 -(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 -(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 498 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 -(OLDPWD)108 510 Q F0(The pre)144 522 Q(vious w)-.25 E -(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 534 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 546 R 1.627 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F2(map\214le)2.794 E F1 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 +(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 520.8 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E +F2(OLDPWD)108 532.8 Q F1(The pre)144 544.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E +(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F1(command.)2.5 E F2 +(OPT)108 556.8 Q(ARG)-.9 E F1 1.627(The v)144 568.8 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 -(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 558 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 570 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 582 R 4.151 -(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F -1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 594 -S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 -606 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ -g system on which)144 618 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e)2.829 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 630 Q -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 642 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) -.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 654 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) -3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 +F2(getopts)4.127 E F1 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 +(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 580.8 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1 +(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTIND)108 592.8 Q F1 1.651(The inde)144 +604.8 R 4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651 +(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F2(getopts) +4.152 E F1 -.2(bu)4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.152 +E -.09(BU)144 616.8 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).) +-.25 E F2(OSTYPE)108 628.8 Q F1 .329(Automatically set to a string that\ + describes the operating system on which)144 640.8 R F2(bash)2.829 E F1 +.329(is e)2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 652.8 Q +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F2(PIPEST)108 664.8 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) +.95 E F1 .61(An array v)144 676.8 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays) +3.11 E F1(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 (xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F -(the most-recently-e)144 666 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E -(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 -(PPID)108 678 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 678 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G -2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 690 Q F0(The current w)144 690 Q -(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 702 Q F0 .417(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) -144 714 R .417(xpands to a random inte)-.15 F .417 -(ger between 0 and 32767.)-.15 F(As-)5.416 E .55(signing a v)144 726 R -.55(alue to)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)3.05 E F0 .551 -(initializes \(seeds\) the sequence of random numbers.)2.801 F(If)5.551 -E F3(RANDOM)3.051 E F0(is)2.801 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31) -142.895 E(14)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(the most-recently-e)144 688.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F2 +(PPID)108 700.8 Q F1(The process ID of the shell')144 700.8 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.) +-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(14)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PWD)108 84 Q F1 +(The current w)144 84 Q(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E +F1(command.)2.5 E F2(RANDOM)108 96 Q F1 .417 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 108 R .417 +(xpands to a random inte)-.15 F .417(ger between 0 and 32767.)-.15 F +(As-)5.416 E .55(signing a v)144 120 R .55(alue to)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)3.05 E F1 .551 +(initializes \(seeds\) the sequence of random numbers.)2.801 F(If)5.551 +E F3(RANDOM)3.051 E F1(is)2.801 E +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_ARGUMENT)108 96 Q F0(An)144 108 Q -4.695(yn)-.15 G 2.195(umeric ar)-4.695 F 2.195(gument gi)-.18 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 4.695(nt).15 G 4.694(oar)-4.695 G 2.194(eadline command that w) --4.694 F 2.194(as de\214ned using)-.1 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF 2.194 -(bind -x)4.694 F F0(\(see)4.694 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)144 120 Q -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\) when it w)-.25 E -(as in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 132 Q -F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 144 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E -F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547 -(or use with)-4.047 F F2 1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F3 1.547 -(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 156 Q F0 -(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(READLINE_MARK)108 168 Q F0 .107 -(The position of the mark \(sa)144 180 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.607(di).15 G -.107(nsertion point\) in the)-2.607 F F1 -.18(re)2.606 G(adline).18 E F0 -.106(line b)2.606 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.606(,f)-.4 G .106(or use with) --2.606 F F2 .106(bind -x)2.606 F F0(\(see)144 192 Q F3 1.016(SHELL B) -3.516 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.016(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.266 E 3.516 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.017(characters between the insertion point and the) -3.516 F(mark are often called the)144 204 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37 -(re)2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(READLINE_POINT)108 216 Q F0 .314 -(The position of the insertion point in the)144 228 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G -(adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F2 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F3 -(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 240 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 252 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 264 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) --.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 276 Q F0 .177 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 288 R .178 -(xpands to the number of seconds since shell in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation.).2 E .713(If a v)144 300 R .712(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F3 -(SECONDS)3.212 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .712(the v)2.962 F .712 +-2.5 E F2(READLINE_ARGUMENT)108 144 Q F1(An)144 156 Q 2.527(yn)-.15 G +.027(umeric ar)-2.527 F .027(gument gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.527(nt) +.15 G 2.527(oar)-2.527 G .027(eadline command that w)-2.527 F .027 +(as de\214ned using \231bind \255x\232 \(see)-.1 F F3(SHELL)2.527 E -.09 +(BU)144 168 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E +(w\) when it w)-.25 E(as in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2 +(READLINE_LINE)108 180 Q F1 1.693(The contents of the)144 192 R F2 -.18 +(re)4.193 G(adline).18 E F1 1.693(line b)4.193 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E +4.193(,f)-.4 G 1.694(or use with \231bind \255x\232 \(see)-4.193 F F3 +1.694(SHELL B)4.194 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.694(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 204 Q +F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(READLINE_MARK)108 216 Q F1 .236 +(The position of the mark \(sa)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.736(di).15 G +.236(nsertion point\) in the)-2.736 F F2 -.18(re)2.736 G(adline).18 E F1 +.236(line b)2.736 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.736(,f)-.4 G .236 +(or use with \231bind \255x\232)-2.736 F(\(see)144 240 Q F3 1.016 +(SHELL B)3.516 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.016(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)3.266 E +3.516(w\). The)-.25 F 1.017 +(characters between the insertion point and the)3.516 F +(mark are often called the)144 252 Q F0 -.37(re)2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F1(.)A +F2(READLINE_POINT)108 264 Q F1 .443 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 276 R F2 -.18(re)2.943 G +(adline).18 E F1 .443(line b)2.943 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.943(,f)-.4 G +.442(or use with \231bind \255x\232 \(see)-2.943 F F3(SHELL)2.942 E -.09 +(BU)144 288 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E +F2(REPL)108 300 Q(Y)-.92 E F1(Set to the line of input read by the)144 +312 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.)-.18 E F2(SECONDS) +108 324 Q F1 .177(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 336 R +.178(xpands to the number of seconds since shell in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +(cation.).2 E .713(If a v)144 348 R .712(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F3 +(SECONDS)3.212 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 .712(the v)2.962 F .712 (alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .627 -(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 312 R .627 +(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 360 R .627 (alue assigned.)-.25 F .628(The number of seconds at shell in)5.627 F --.2(vo)-.4 G(ca-).2 E .112(tion and the current time are al)144 324 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G(ca-).2 E .112(tion and the current time are al)144 372 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .111(ys determined by querying the system clock.).1 F(If) -5.111 E F3(SECONDS)2.611 E F0 .111(is un-)2.361 F -(set, it loses its special properties, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +5.111 E F3(SECONDS)2.611 E F1 .111(is un-)2.361 F +(set, it loses its special properties, e)144 384 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 348 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 360 S .763 +-2.5 E F2(SHELLOPTS)108 396 Q F1 3.262(Ac)144 408 S .763 (olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 372 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F -F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 1.173 -(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E -3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 384 R F3 -(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F F4(on)2.749 E -F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G +(gument for the)-.18 F F2144 420 Q F1 1.174(option to the)3.674 F +F2(set)3.674 E F1 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 1.173 +(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)3.423 E +3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 432 R F3 +(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F1 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F F0(on)2.749 E +F1(by)2.759 E F2 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F1 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E -(when)144 396 Q F1(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in\ +(when)144 444 Q F2(bash)3.142 E F1 .642(starts up, each shell option in\ the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641 -(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 408 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E -(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 420 Q(VL)-.92 E F0 -(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 432 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(is started.)2.5 E F1(SRANDOM)108 444 Q F0 .76(This v)144 456 R .76 +(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 456 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E +(.)-.65 E F2(SHL)108 468 Q(VL)-.92 E F1 +(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 480 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F1 +(is started.)2.5 E F2(SRANDOM)108 492 Q F1 .76(This v)144 504 R .76 (ariable e)-.25 F .761(xpands to a 32-bit pseudo-random number each tim\ -e it is referenced. The random)-.15 F .565 -(number generator is not linear on systems that support)144 468 R F2 -(/dev/urandom)3.064 E F0(or)3.064 E F4(ar)3.064 E(c4r)-.37 E(andom)-.15 -E F0 3.064(,s)C 3.064(oe)-3.064 G(ach)-3.064 E .788 +e it is referenced. The random)-.15 F .65 +(number generator is not linear on systems that support)144 516 R F0 +(/de)4.816 E(v/ur)-.15 E(andom)-.15 E F1(or)4.816 E F0(ar)3.48 E(c4r) +-.37 E(andom)-.15 E F1 .649(\(3\), so each).32 F .788 (returned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it.)144 -480 R .788(The random number generator)5.788 F .088 -(cannot be seeded, so assignments to this v)144 492 R .087(ariable ha) +528 R .788(The random number generator)5.788 F .088 +(cannot be seeded, so assignments to this v)144 540 R .087(ariable ha) -.25 F .387 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.587(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.587 G 2.587 -(ect. If).25 F F3(SRANDOM)2.587 E F0 .087(is unset, it loses its)2.337 F -(special properties, e)144 504 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(UID)108 516 Q -F0(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 516 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G +(ect. If).25 F F3(SRANDOM)2.587 E F1 .087(is unset, it loses its)2.337 F +(special properties, e)144 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F2(UID)108 564 Q +F1(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 564 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 532.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 -(ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 544.8 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 561.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 -.503(The v)144 573.6 R .502(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F 3.002 +E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 580.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 +(ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F2 +(bash)3.494 E F1 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 592.8 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2 -.3(BA)108 609.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F1 +.503(The v)144 621.6 R .502(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F 3.002 (sc)-.55 G .502(ompatibility le)-3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(l. See).15 F F3 .502(SHELL COMP)3.002 F -.855(AT)-.666 G .502(IBILITY MODE).855 F -F0(be-)2.752 E(lo)144 585.6 Q 2.662(wf)-.25 G .162 +F1(be-)2.752 E(lo)144 633.6 Q 2.662(wf)-.25 G .162 (or a description of the v)-2.662 F .162(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .162(ls and their ef).15 F 2.663(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 (va)2.663 G .163(lue may be a dec-).25 F .33 -(imal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte)144 597.6 R .33 +(imal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte)144 645.6 R .33 (ger \(e.g., 42\) corresponding to the desired compatibility le)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.83(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)144 609.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95 -(AT)-.74 G F0 .86 +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.83(l. If).15 F F2 -.3(BA)144 657.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95 +(AT)-.74 G F1 .86 (is unset or set to the empty string, the compatibility le)4.31 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.361(li).15 G 3.361(ss)-3.361 G .861(et to the def)-3.361 F -(ault)-.1 E .39(for the current v)144 621.6 R 2.89(ersion. If)-.15 F F1 --.3(BA)2.89 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 .39(is set to a v)3.84 F +(ault)-.1 E .39(for the current v)144 669.6 R 2.89(ersion. If)-.15 F F2 +-.3(BA)2.89 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F1 .39(is set to a v)3.84 F .39(alue that is not one of the v)-.25 F .39(alid compati-)-.25 F .277 -(bility le)144 633.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .278 +(bility le)144 681.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .278 (ls, the shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.778(lt).15 G 2.778(ot)-2.778 G .278(he def)-2.778 F -.278(ault for the)-.1 F 1.401(current v)144 645.6 R 3.901(ersion. The) --.15 F -.25(va)3.901 G 1.401(lid v).25 F 1.401 -(alues correspond to the compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.401 -(ls described belo).15 F 3.9(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.9 E F3 .153(SHELL COMP) -144 657.6 R -.855(AT)-.666 G .153(IBILITY MODE).855 F F5(.)A F0 -.15(Fo) -4.653 G 2.653(re).15 G .154(xample, 4.2 and 42 are v)-2.803 F .154 -(alid v)-.25 F .154(alues that correspond to the)-.25 F F1 .774 -(compat42 shopt)144 669.6 R F0 .774(option and set the compatibility le) -3.274 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.274(lt).15 G 3.274(o4)-3.274 G 3.274(2. The) --3.274 F .774(current v)3.274 F .773(ersion is also a v)-.15 F(alid)-.25 -E -.25(va)144 681.6 S(lue.).25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 693.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 -.505(If this parameter is set when)144 705.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505 -(is e)3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F -.506(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .199 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 717.6 R F4 -(\001/.bashr)2.799 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.199(.T).31 G .199(he v)-5.199 F .199 -(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.27(BA)2.699 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .198(is subjected) -2.448 F .525(to parameter e)144 729.6 R .525 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(15)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.278(ault for the)-.1 F .628(current v)144 693.6 R 3.128(ersion. A)-.15 +F .627(subset of the v)3.127 F .627(alid v)-.25 F .627 +(alues correspond to the compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .627 +(ls described be-).15 F(lo)144 705.6 Q 2.87(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.87 E F3 +.37(SHELL COMP)2.87 F -.855(AT)-.666 G .371(IBILITY MODE).855 F F4(.)A +F1 -.15(Fo)4.871 G 2.871(re).15 G .371(xample, 4.2 and 42 are v)-3.021 F +.371(alid v)-.25 F .371(alues that corre-)-.25 F .55(spond to the)144 +717.6 R F2 .55(compat42 shopt)3.05 F F1 .549 +(option and set the compatibility le)3.05 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.049(lt).15 +G 3.049(o4)-3.049 G 3.049(2. The)-3.049 F .549(current v)3.049 F .549 +(ersion is)-.15 F(also a v)144 729.6 Q(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(15)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(as a \214lename.) -144 84 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -(is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481 -(If set to an inte)144 108 R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481 -(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F(,)-.4 E F2(bash)2.98 E F0 .48 -(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 -120 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 -(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G 3.114 -(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F1 -.27(BA)144 132 S -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F -2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F1 -.27(BA)2.638 G -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ -mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 -144 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F1 -.27(BA)144 156 -S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le de\ -scriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F -(standard error being closed.)144 168 Q F2(CDP)108 180 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G -(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 192 R F2(cd)3.747 E F0 -3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 -(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 -(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 204 R F2 -(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. 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Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 -360 Q F2(EMA)108 372 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 384 Q F2(bash)2.535 E F0 .035 -(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F3(t)2.536 E -F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F -(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 396 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F2(ENV)108 408 Q F0 .671 -(Expanded and e)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .671(cuted similarly to).15 F -F1 -.27(BA)3.17 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0(\(see)2.92 E F2(INV)3.17 E(OCA)-.45 E -(TION)-.95 E F0(abo)3.17 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.17(\)w).15 G .67 -(hen an interacti)-3.17 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(shell is in)144 420 Q -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G(n)-2.5 E/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(EXECIGNORE)108 432 Q F0 2.716(Ac)144 444 S -.216(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.716 F F2 -.1(Pa) -2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C .217 -(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .117 -(ignored by command search using)144 456 R F2 -.74(PA)2.617 G(TH)-.21 E -F0 5.117(.F)C .116 -(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.117 F 1.432 -(are not considered e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 +396 Q F2(EMA)108 408 Q(CS)-.55 E F1(If)144 420 Q F2(bash)3.071 E F1 .571 +(\214nds this v)3.071 F .571(ariable in the en)-.25 F .571 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F .57 +(alue \231t\232, it assumes that)-.25 F +(the shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 432 Q(uf)-.2 E +(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F2(ENV)108 444 Q F1 .67 +(Expanded and e)144 444 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .67(cuted similarly to).15 F F3 +-.27(BA)3.17 G(SH_ENV).27 E F1(\(see)2.92 E F2(INV)3.17 E(OCA)-.45 E +(TION)-.95 E F1(abo)3.171 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.171(\)w).15 G .671 +(hen an interacti)-3.171 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(shell is in)144 456 Q -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G(n)-2.5 E F0(posix mode)2.5 E F1(.)A F2 +(EXECIGNORE)108 468 Q F1 2.717(Ac)144 480 S .217 +(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F2 -.1(Pa)2.717 G +(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F1 2.717(\)d)C .216 +(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 +(ignored by command search using)144 492 R F2 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 E +F1 5.116(.F)C .117 +(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 +(are not considered e)144 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.433(cution via).15 F F2 -.74(PA)144 480 S(TH)-.21 E F0 -2.909(lookup. This)2.909 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) --.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F2([)2.908 E F0(,)A F2(test)2.908 E F0 -2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F2([[)2.908 E F0 2.908(commands. Full)2.908 F -(pathnames)2.908 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 -492 R F2(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 -(ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 504 R +(xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F2 -.74(PA)144 516 S(TH)-.21 E F1 +2.908(lookup. This)2.908 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) +-.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F2([)2.908 E F1(,)A F2(test)2.908 E F1 +2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F2([[)2.908 E F1 2.909(commands. 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If)144 696 R 2.948<618c>2.948 G .448 +(le name matched by a pathname e)-2.948 F .447 +(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F3 +(GLOBIGNORE)144 708 Q F4(,)A F1(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df) +.15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(16)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S -.002(lue be).25 F .002(gins with an optional)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(+)2.502 E F0 2.502(,w)C .002(hich is ignored, or)-2.502 F F12.502 -E F0 2.502(,w)C .003(hich re)-2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .003 -(rses the sort order from ascend-).15 F 1.126(ing to descending, follo) -144 96 R 1.126(wed by a sort speci\214er)-.25 F 6.125(.T)-.55 G 1.125 -(he v)-6.125 F 1.125(alid sort speci\214ers are)-.25 F F1(name)3.985 E -F0(,).18 E F1(size)3.965 E F0(,).18 E F1(mtime)4.005 E F0(,).18 E F1 -(atime)144.33 108 Q F0(,).18 E F1(ctime)2.844 E F0 2.644(,a).18 G(nd) --2.644 E F1(bloc)2.914 E(ks)-.2 E F0 2.644(,w).27 G .144(hich sort the \ +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBSOR)108 84 Q(T)-.4 E F1 +.334(Control ho)144 96 R 2.834(wt)-.25 G .334(he results of pathname e) +-2.834 F .335(xpansion are sorted.)-.15 F .335(The v)5.335 F .335 +(alue of this v)-.25 F .335(ariable speci\214es the)-.25 F .36 +(sort criteria and sort order for the results of pathname e)144 108 R +2.859(xpansion. 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the results are returned in the order the)144 144 R -2.997(ya)-.15 G .497(re read from the \214le system,.)-2.997 F .497 -(If the)5.497 F .52(sort speci\214er is missing, it def)144 156 R .52 -(aults to)-.1 F F1(name)3.02 E F0 3.02(,s)C 3.02(oav)-3.02 G .52 -(alue of)-3.27 F F1(+)3.02 E F0 .52(is equi)3.02 F -.25(va)-.25 G .52 -(lent to the null string, and a).25 F -.25(va)144 168 S .46(lue of).25 F -F1(-)2.96 E F0 .46(sorts by name in descending order)2.96 F 5.46(.A)-.55 +(xample, a v)-.15 F .076(alue of)-.25 F F0(\255mtime)2.576 E F1 .076 +(sorts the re-)2.576 F .965 +(sults in descending order by modi\214cation time \(ne)144 180 R .964 +(west \214rst\).)-.25 F 3.464(As)5.964 G .964(ort speci\214er of)-3.464 +F F0(nosort)3.464 E F1(disables)3.464 E .497 +(sorting completely; the results are returned in the order the)144 192 R +2.997(ya)-.15 G .497(re read from the \214le system,.)-2.997 F .498 +(If the)5.497 F .52(sort speci\214er is missing, it def)144 204 R .52 +(aults to)-.1 F F0(name)3.02 E F1 3.02(,s)C 3.02(oav)-3.02 G .52 +(alue of)-3.27 F F0(+)3.02 E F1 .52(is equi)3.02 F -.25(va)-.25 G .52 +(lent to the null string, and a).25 F -.25(va)144 216 S .46(lue of).25 F +F0(-)2.96 E F1 .46(sorts by name in descending order)2.96 F 5.46(.A)-.55 G .76 -.15(ny i)-5.46 H -1.95 -.4(nv a).15 H .46(lid v).4 F .46 -(alue restores the historical sorting be-)-.25 F(ha)144 180 Q(vior)-.2 E -(.)-.55 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)108 192 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653 -(Ac)144 204 S .153(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153 -(alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 -F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.) --2.653 F .154(If the list)5.153 F .49(of v)144 216 R .49(alues includes) --.25 F F1(ignor)3 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.99(,l).18 G .49(ines which be) --2.99 F .49(gin with a)-.15 F F2(space)2.99 E F0 .49 -(character are not sa)2.99 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 G -.49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 228 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 -(alue of)-3.307 F F1(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 -(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 -(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.926 -(Av)144 240 S .426(alue of)-3.176 F F1(ignor)2.936 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.426(is shorthand for)3.206 F F1(ignor)2.926 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.926 E F1(ignor)2.926 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.426(.A)C -.25(va)-2.501 G -.425(lue of).25 F F1(er)3.115 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)3.195 E .698 -(all pre)144 252 R .698 +(alue restores the historical sorting be-)-.25 F(ha)144 228 Q(vior)-.2 E +(.)-.55 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 240 Q(OL)-.3 E F1 2.654(Ac)144 252 S .153 +(olon-separated list of v)-2.654 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F +2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 +G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .153(If the list) +5.153 F .49(of v)144 264 R .49(alues includes)-.25 F F0(ignor)3 E +(espace)-.37 E F1 2.99(,l).18 G .49(ines which be)-2.99 F .49 +(gin with a)-.15 F F2(space)2.99 E F1 .49(character are not sa)2.99 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .558 +(tory list.)144 276 R 3.058(Av)5.558 G .558(alue of)-3.308 F F0(ignor) +3.068 E(edups)-.37 E F1 .558(causes lines matching the pre)3.328 F .557 +(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.925 +(Av)144 288 S .425(alue of)-3.175 F F0(ignor)2.935 E(eboth)-.37 E F1 +.426(is shorthand for)3.205 F F0(ignor)2.926 E(espace)-.37 E F1(and) +2.926 E F0(ignor)2.926 E(edups)-.37 E F1 5.426(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .426 +(lue of).25 F F0(er)3.116 E(asedups)-.15 E F1(causes)3.196 E .699 +(all pre)144 300 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 264 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. 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An).15 F 2.763(yv)-.15 G .263 +(alue not in the abo)-3.013 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 (ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)2.763 E -(OL)-.27 E F0 .263(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 -276 S .441(alid v)-3.191 F .441 +(OL)-.27 E F1 .264(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.942(av)144 +324 S .442(alid v)-3.192 F .442 (alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442(he history list, subject to the v) --2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F3(HISTIGNORE)144 288 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compoun\ -d command are not)6.482 F(tested, and are added to the history re)144 -300 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTCONTR) -2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.)A F2(HISTFILE)108 312 Q F0 .817 -(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 324 R -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 3.318(d\().15 G(see)-3.318 E F3(HIST)3.318 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)3.068 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(Bash)5.818 E F0 .818(assigns a) -3.318 F(def)144 336 Q .29(ault v)-.1 F .29(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(\001/.bash_history)2.79 E F0 5.29(.I)C(f)-5.29 E F2(HISTFILE)2.79 E F0 +2.941(do).15 G 2.941(nt)-2.941 G .441(he history list, subject to the v) +-2.941 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F3(HISTIGNORE)144 336 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F1 1.981(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compoun\ +d command are not)6.481 F(tested, and are added to the history re)144 +348 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTCONTR) +2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.)A F2(HISTFILE)108 360 Q F1 .818 +(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 372 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 3.317(d\().15 G(see)-3.317 E F3(HIST)3.317 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) +-.315 E F1(belo)3.067 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(Bash)5.817 E F1 .817(assigns a) +3.317 F(def)144 384 Q .29(ault v)-.1 F .29(alue of)-.25 F F0 +(\001/.bash_history)2.79 E F1 5.29(.I)C(f)-5.29 E F2(HISTFILE)2.79 E F1 .29(is unset or null, the command history is not sa)2.79 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -(d).15 E(when a shell e)144 348 Q(xits.)-.15 E F2(HISTFILESIZE)108 360 Q -F0 1.622(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.) -144 372 R 1.623(When this v)6.623 F 1.623(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F --.25(va)144 384 S .125 -(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F 2.625(,t)-.65 -G 2.624(oc)-2.625 G .124 -(ontain no more than that number of lines by re-)-2.624 F(mo)144 396 Q -.065(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .066(The history \214le is also tr\ -uncated to this size after writing it when a shell)5.065 F -.15(ex)144 -408 S 2.928(its. If).15 F .428(the v)2.928 F .428 -(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F .427 -(Non-numeric v)5.427 F .427(alues and numeric)-.25 F -.25(va)144 420 S +(d).15 E(when a shell e)144 396 Q(xits.)-.15 E F2(HISTFILESIZE)108 408 Q +F1 1.623(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.) +144 420 R 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 432 S .124 +(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F 2.624(,t)-.65 +G 2.624(oc)-2.624 G .125 +(ontain no more than that number of lines by re-)-2.624 F(mo)144 444 Q +.066(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .065(The history \214le is also tr\ +uncated to this size after writing it when a shell)5.066 F -.15(ex)144 +456 S 2.927(its. If).15 F .427(the v)2.927 F .428 +(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F .428 +(Non-numeric v)5.428 F .428(alues and numeric)-.25 F -.25(va)144 468 S .152(lues less than zero inhibit truncation.).25 F .152 (The shell sets the def)5.152 F .152(ault v)-.1 F .152(alue to the v) --.25 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.652 E F0(after reading an)144 -432 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F2(HISTIGNORE)108 444 Q F0 -2.658(Ac)144 456 S .158(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ -which command lines should be sa)-2.658 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.657(do).15 G -2.657(nt)-2.657 G .157(he his-)-2.657 F .707(tory list.)144 468 R .707 -(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.707 F .708 -(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .626 -(\(no implicit `)144 480 R F2(*)A F0 3.126('i)C 3.126(sa)-3.126 G 3.126 -(ppended\). Each)-3.126 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.126 F .625 -(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F3(HISTCONTR)144 -492 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 -(In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F -F2(&)A F0(')A 1.44(matches the pre)144 504 R 1.44(vious history line.) --.25 F(`)6.44 E F2(&)A F0 3.94('m)C 1.44 -(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is re-)-3.94 F(mo)144 -516 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.95(db).15 G 1.45(efore attempting a match.)-3.95 -F 1.45(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)6.45 F -1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 528 R --.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(HISTIGNORE)3.769 E F4(.)A F0 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 540 Q F2(extglob)2.5 -E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F2(HISTSIZE)108 552 Q F0 1.387 -(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 564 -R F3(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) --.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 576 S .413(lue is 0, commands are not sa) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.913(di).15 G 2.913(nt)-2.913 G .413 -(he history list.)-2.913 F .413(Numeric v)5.413 F .412 -(alues less than zero result in e)-.25 F(v-)-.25 E .343 -(ery command being sa)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.843(do).15 G 2.843(nt) --2.843 G .343(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.843 F .344 -(The shell sets the def)5.343 F .344(ault v)-.1 F .344(alue to)-.25 F -(500 after reading an)144 600 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F2 -(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 612 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 624 R .952 -(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F1(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 -(\(3\) to print the)B .672 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 636 -R F2(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) +-.25 F .151(alue of)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.651 E F1(after reading an)144 +480 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F2(HISTIGNORE)108 492 Q F1 +2.657(Ac)144 504 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ +which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G +2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .997(tory list.)144 516 R .997 +(If a command line matches one of the patterns in the v)5.997 F .996 +(alue of)-.25 F F3(HISTIGNORE)3.496 E F4(,)A F1 .996(it is not)3.246 F +(sa)144 528 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.771(do).15 G 2.771(nt)-2.771 G .271 +(he history list.)-2.771 F .271(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.271 +F .271(ginning of the line and must match the)-.15 F .26 +(complete line \()144 540 R F2(bash)A F1 .26(will not)2.76 F .259 +(implicitly append a \231)5.26 F F2(*)A F1 2.759(\232\). 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If) +-.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 636 S 1.321 +(lue is 0, commands are not sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.821(di).15 G 3.821 +(nt)-3.821 G 1.321(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.32(Numeric v)6.32 F 1.32 +(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 648 T .436 +(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.936(do).15 G 2.936(nt)-2.936 +G .436(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.936 F .437 +(The shell sets the def)5.437 F .437(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E +(to 500 after reading an)144 660 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E +F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 672 Q(T)-.95 E F1 .926(If this v)144 684 R .926 +(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .925 +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F0(strftime)3.765 E F1 .925 +(\(3\) to print the).18 F .672 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 696 +R F2(history)3.173 E F1 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) 3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 648 R +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 708 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 (ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 660 Q -F2(HOME)108 672 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 684 R 1.27(ault ar) --.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F2(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 696 S(lue of this v).25 E -(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(17)192.055 E 0 Cg EP + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 720 Q +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(17)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(HOSTFILE)108 84 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 96 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015 -(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .55 -(needs to complete a hostname.)144 108 R .551 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)108 84 Q F1 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 96 R 1.27(ault ar) +-.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F2(cd)3.77 E F1 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 108 S(lue of this v).25 E +(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 +(HOSTFILE)108 120 Q F1 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 132 R F0 +(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F1 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F +.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 144 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 120 R 1.059 +1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 156 R 1.059 (xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 132 Q F0 .138 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F2(bash)144 168 Q F1 .138 (adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) -2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139 -(alue, or)-.25 F .518(does not name a readable \214le,)144 144 R F1 -(bash)3.018 E F0 .518(attempts to read)3.018 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 +(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F1 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139 +(alue, or)-.25 F .518(does not name a readable \214le,)144 180 R F2 +(bash)3.018 E F1 .518(attempts to read)3.018 F F0(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F1 .517(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 -156 Q(When)5 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0 -(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E F1(IFS)108 168 Q F0(The) -144 168 Q F2 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E -F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556 -(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 180 S(rds with the) -.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E -(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 192 Q F0 .503 -(Controls the action of an interacti)144 204 R .803 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 +192 Q(When)5 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F1 +(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E F2(IFS)108 204 Q F1(The) +144 204 Q F0 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E +F1 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556 +(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 216 S(rds with the) +.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E +(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \231\232.)-.25 E F2(IGNOREEOF)108 228 Q F1 .503 +(Controls the action of an interacti)144 240 R .803 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F1 .503 (character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) -144 216 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 -(EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 +144 252 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +(EOF)3.076 E F1 .426 (characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 -(on an input line before)144 228 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G +(on an input line before)144 264 R F2(bash)2.802 E F1 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. 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When)144 720 R 2.057 +(used in the te)4.557 F 2.058(xt of the message,)-.15 F F2($_)4.558 E F1 +-.15(ex)4.558 G 2.058(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(18)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(OPTERR)108 84 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 96 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1 -(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1 -(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .359(SHELL B)144 108 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) -.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 132 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 -(The search path for commands.)144 132 R .587 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(Example:)144 84 Q/F2 10/Courier-Bold@0 SF(MAILPATH) +144 96 Q/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(=\010/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":\001/sh\ +ell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010)A/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)144 108 Q F1 +.015(can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015 +(alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 +(alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ +ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 120 Q +(ar/mail/)-.25 E F4($USER)A F1(\).)A F4(OPTERR)108 132 Q F1 .389 +(If set to the v)144 144 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F F4(bash)2.889 E F1 .389 +(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F4(getopts)2.89 E F1 +-.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .36 +(SHELL B)144 156 R(UIL)-.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)2.61 E +(w\).)-.25 E F5(OPTERR)5.36 E F1 .359 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 168 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +.15 E F4 -.74(PA)108 180 S(TH)-.21 E F1 .587 +(The search path for commands.)144 180 R .588 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 144 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 156 S -.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 168 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F(administrator who installs)144 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C -(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF -(/usr/local/bin:/usr/lo-)2.5 E(cal/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin) -144 192 Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 204 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v) -144 216 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1 -(bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 -F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 228 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E -F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F -.011(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 240 Q F1(bash) -4.497 E F0(enables)4.497 E F4 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C -4.497(si)-4.497 G 4.497(ft)-4.497 G 1.997(he command)-4.497 F F3 1.997 -(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.998(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) -.15 E(When the shell enters)144 252 Q F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C -2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E(ariable if it w)-.25 E -(as not already set.)-.1 E F1(PR)108 264 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 .155 -(If this v)144 276 R .155(ariable is set, and is an array)-.25 F 2.655 +5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 192 R F5 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.972 F F1(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 204 S +.535(lue of).25 F F5 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F1 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 216 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +-.1 F(administrator who installs)144 228 Q F4(bash)2.5 E F1 5(.A)C +(common v)-2.5 E(alue is \231/usr/local/bin:/usr/lo-)-.25 E +(cal/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin\232.)144 240 Q F4(POSIXL)108 252 +Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F1 .471(If this v)144 264 R .471 +(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F4(bash)2.971 E +F1 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F F0 .472(posix mode)2.972 F F1 +.472(before reading)2.972 F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 276 +R F4(\255\255posix)2.511 E F1(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011 +(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 288 Q F4(bash) +3.418 E F1(enables)3.418 E F0 .918(posix mode)3.418 F F1 3.418(,a)C +3.419(si)-3.418 G 3.419(ft)-3.419 G .919 +(he command \231set \255o posix\232 had been e)-3.419 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.419(cuted. When).15 F(the shell enters)144 300 Q F0(posix mode)2.5 E +F1 2.5(,i)C 2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E(ariable if it w)-.25 E +(as not already set.)-.1 E F4(PR)108 312 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F1 .155 +(If this v)144 324 R .155(ariable is set, and is an array)-.25 F 2.655 (,t)-.65 G .155(he v)-2.655 F .155(alue of each set element is e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .155(cuted as a command prior).15 F .407 -(to issuing each primary prompt.)144 288 R .407(If this is set b)5.407 F +(to issuing each primary prompt.)144 336 R .407(If this is set b)5.407 F .407(ut not an array v)-.2 F .407(ariable, its v)-.25 F .407 -(alue is used as a com-)-.25 F(mand to e)144 300 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cute instead.).15 E F1(PR)108 312 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 -(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 324 R .676 +(alue is used as a com-)-.25 F(mand to e)144 348 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cute instead.).15 E F4(PR)108 360 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F1 .676 +(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 372 R .676 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 -(nents to retain when e)144 336 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 -E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E -(Characters remo)144 348 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 360 Q F0 1.174(The v) -144 360 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) --.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 +(nents to retain when e)144 384 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F4(\\w)3.423 +E F1(and)3.423 E F4(\\W)3.423 E F1 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) +3.423 F F5(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F1(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E +(Characters remo)144 396 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F4(PS0)108 408 Q F1 1.174(The v) +144 408 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) +-.15 F F5(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F1(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 372 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 384 Q F0 .064(The v)144 384 R -.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) -2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 396 R -(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 408 Q F0 .118(The v)144 408 R .118 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) -5.117 E(def)144 420 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 432 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 432 R 1.115 -(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) -144 444 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 456 Q F0 -.101(The v)144 456 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 468 Q F0 .334 +(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 420 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F4(PS1)108 432 Q F1 .064(The v)144 432 R +.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F5(PR) +2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F1(belo)2.315 E .065 +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 444 R +(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \231\\s\255\\v\\$ \232.)-.25 E F4(PS2) +108 456 Q F1 .118(The v)144 456 R .118(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 +F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F5(PS1)2.617 E F1 .117 +(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The)5.117 E(def)144 +468 Q(ault is \231> \232.)-.1 E F4(PS3)108 480 Q F1 1.115(The v)144 480 +R 1.115(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F4 +(select)3.615 E F1 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F5 1.116(SHELL GRAM-) +3.616 F(MAR)144 492 Q F1(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F4(PS4)108 +504 Q F1 .101(The v)144 504 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F +.101(xpanded as with)-.15 F F5(PS1)2.6 E F1 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F4(bash)144 516 Q F1 .334 (displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F -(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 480 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 +(alue of)-.25 F F5(PS4)2.835 E F1 .335(is repli-)2.585 F +(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 528 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E -(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1 -(SHELL)108 492 Q F0 .543(This v)144 504 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543 +(The def)5 E(ault is \231+ \232.)-.1 E F4(SHELL)108 540 Q F1 .543 +(This v)144 552 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543 (xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .542 -(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F1(bash)3.042 E F0 -(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 516 Q 2.5(sl) --.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 528 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v) -144 540 R .826 +(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F4(bash)3.042 E F1 +(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 564 Q 2.5(sl) +-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F4(TIMEFORMA)108 576 Q(T)-.95 E F1 .826(The v) +144 588 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F 3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 552 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 600 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F4(time)3.149 E F1 (reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 564 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +(The)5.648 E F4(%)3.148 E F1 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +(an escape sequence that is e)144 612 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F .712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 576 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 594 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)194 594 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 606 Q F4(p)A F1 -(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 606 Q F1(%[)144 618 Q F4(p) -A F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 618 Q -F1(%[)144 630 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 630 Q F1(%P)144 642 -Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 642 Q .87 -(The optional)144 658.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) -3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 +(and their meanings are as follo)144 624 Q(ws; the brack)-.25 E +(ets denote optional portions.)-.1 E F4(%%)144 636 Q F1 2.5(Al)194 636 S +(iteral)-2.5 E F4(%)2.5 E F1(.)A F4(%[)144 648 Q F0(p)A F4(][l]R)A F1 +(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 648 Q F4(%[)144 660 Q F0(p)A F4(][l]U) +A F1(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 660 Q F4(%[)144 +672 Q F0(p)A F4(][l]S)A F1 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 672 Q F4(%P)144 684 +Q F1(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 684 Q .87 +(The optional)144 700.8 R F0(p)3.37 E F1 .87(is a digit specifying the) +3.37 F F0(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F1 3.37(,t)C .87 (he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.963(point. A) -144 670.8 R -.25(va)2.963 G .463 +144 712.8 R -.25(va)2.963 G .463 (lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .464 (At most six places after the)5.463 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 682.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4 -(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 6 are changed to 6.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 694.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 711.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 -.668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 723.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3) -72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(19)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 724.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F0 +(p)3.038 E F1 .537(greater than 6 are changed to 6.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E +F0(p)3.037 E F1 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(19)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 13.365(If this v) -144 84 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) -15.865 E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1 -($\010\\nr)144 96 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 -7.113(.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 -(alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 -108 R(trailing ne)2.5 E -(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108 -120 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 132 R .941(alue greater than zero,)-.25 -F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 -F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 144 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(the v)144 84 Q(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667 +(The optional)144 100.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(l)3.167 E F1 .668 +(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F F0 +(MM)3.168 E F1(m)A F0(SS)A F1(.)A F0(FF)A F1 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 112.8 Q F0(p)2.5 E F1 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 +(If this v)144 129.6 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F2(bash)15.865 +E F1 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr) +144 141.6 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F1 5.292 +(.I)C 2.792(ft)-5.292 G .292(he v)-2.792 F .293(alue is null,)-.25 F F2 +(bash)2.793 E F1 .293(does not display an)2.793 F 2.793(yt)-.15 G(iming) +-2.793 E 2.5(information. A)144 153.6 R(trailing ne)2.5 E +(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F2(TMOUT)108 +165.6 Q F1 .941(If set to a v)144 177.6 R .941(alue greater than zero,) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F1 .941(is treated as the def) +3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F1 +-.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 189.6 Q F2(select)2.81 E F1 .31 (command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F -.886(ing from a terminal.)144 156 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 +(fter).15 E F3(TMOUT)2.811 E F1 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F +.886(ing from a terminal.)144 201.6 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 -(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 168 S -1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 -(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 -F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 180 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 192 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 204 R F1 -(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 216 Q 2.5(su)-.55 G -(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 228 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 240 R .53 -(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 213.6 +S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F2 +(Bash)6.05 E F1 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 +F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 225.6 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(TMPDIR)108 237.6 Q F1 .391(If set,)144 249.6 +R F2(bash)2.891 E F1 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F2(bash)2.89 E F1 .39 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 261.6 Q 2.5(su)-.55 +G(se.)-2.5 E F2(auto_r)108 273.6 Q(esume)-.18 E F1 .53(This v)144 285.6 +R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 (he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 252 R +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 297.6 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 264 S .366(isting stopped job) + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 309.6 S .366(isting stopped job) .15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 (wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F 1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -276 R(The)6.125 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 -(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 288 Q 1.132 +321.6 R(The)6.125 E F0(name)3.985 E F1 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 333.6 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F0 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F1 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 (he string supplied must)-3.633 F .606 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 300 R .606(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F3(substring)3.445 E F0 3.105(,t).22 G .605 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 345.6 R .606(xactly; if set to) +-.15 F F0(substring)3.445 E F1 3.105(,t).22 G .605 (he string supplied needs to match a)-3.105 F .884 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 312 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 324 Q F1(%?)3.334 E F0 -.834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E -F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 357.6 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +-5.884 E F0(substring)3.724 E F1 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 369.6 Q F2(%?)3.334 E +F1 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F3 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +E F1(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) -.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 336 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 381.6 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 (ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 348 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(histchars)108 360 Q F0 .546(The tw)144 372 R 3.046(oo)-.1 G 3.046(rt) --3.046 G .546(hree characters which control history e)-3.046 F .545 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F .545(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)3.045 E(OR) --.162 E 2.795(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.795 E -.666(PA)144 384 S(NSION).666 E F0 -(belo)2.987 E 3.237(w\). The)-.25 F .737(\214rst character is the)3.237 -F F3 .737(history e)3.237 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.238 E 3.238 -(,t)-.4 G .738(he character which sig-)-3.238 F .761 -(nals the start of a history e)144 396 R .761(xpansion, normally `)-.15 -F F1(!)A F0 3.261('. The)B .76(second character is the)3.261 F F3(quic) -3.26 E 3.26(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-3.26 E F0(character)144 408 Q 3.476 -(,w)-.4 G .977(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-3.476 F -.977(vious command entered, substituting)-.25 F 1.412 -(one string for another in the command.)144 420 R 1.411(The def)6.411 F -1.411(ault is `)-.1 F F1<00>A F0 3.911('. The)B 1.411 -(optional third character is the)3.911 F .223(character which indicates\ - that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 432 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 444 R 1.294 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 456 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F -.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 468 Q F1(Arrays)87 484.8 Q(Bash) -108 496.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 +F2(%)2.816 E F0(string)A F1(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 393.6 Q(.)-.55 +E F2(histchars)108 405.6 Q F1 .546(The tw)144 417.6 R 3.046(oo)-.1 G +3.046(rt)-3.046 G .546(hree characters which control history e)-3.046 F +.545(xpansion and tok)-.15 F .545(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.045 E +(OR)-.162 E 2.795(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.795 E -.666(PA)144 429.6 S(NSION).666 +E F1(belo)2.987 E 3.237(w\). The)-.25 F .737(\214rst character is the) +3.237 F F0 .737(history e)3.237 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1(character)3.238 E +3.238(,t)-.4 G .738(he character which sig-)-3.238 F .613 +(nals the start of a history e)144 441.6 R .613(xpansion, normally \231) +-.15 F F2(!)A F1 3.113(\232. The)B .612(second character is the)3.113 F +F0(quic)3.112 E 3.112(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-3.112 E F1(character)144 +453.6 Q 3.476(,w)-.4 G .977 +(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-3.476 F .977 +(vious command entered, substituting)-.25 F .508(one string for another\ + in the command, when it appears as the \214rst character on the line.) +144 465.6 R .507(The de-)5.507 F -.1(fa)144 477.6 S .232(ult is \231).1 +F F2<00>A F1 2.732(\232. The)B .233(optional third character is the cha\ +racter which indicates that the remainder of the)2.732 F .069 +(line is a comment when found as the \214rst character of a w)144 489.6 +R .069(ord, normally \231)-.1 F F2(#)A F1 2.568(\232. The)B .068 +(history comment)2.568 F .141(character causes history substitution to \ +be skipped for the remaining w)144 501.6 R .141(ords on the line.)-.1 F +.142(It does not)5.142 F(necessarily cause the shell parser to treat th\ +e rest of the line as a comment.)144 513.6 Q F2(Arrays)87 530.4 Q(Bash) +108 542.4 Q F1(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) -.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 -(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 508.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 554.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F2(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F1 -.2 (bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.329(an array)108 520.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +.329(an array)108 566.4 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) -.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F 5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 -(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 532.8 R +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 578.4 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 -544.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +590.4 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 561.6 R -.15(xe) +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 607.2 R -.15(xe) -.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 573.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A -F0 5.506(.T)C(he)-5.506 E F3(subscript)3.346 E F0 .507 +F0(name)4.962 E F1([)A F0(sub-)A(script)108 619.2 Q F1(]=)A F0(value)A +F1 5.506(.T)C(he)-5.506 E F0(subscript)3.346 E F1 .507 (is treated as an arithmetic e)3.687 F .507(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .507(luate to a number).25 F 5.507(.T)-.55 G 3.007(oe) --6.307 G(x-)-3.157 E 1.193(plicitly declare an inde)108 585.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.693(da).15 G(rray)-3.693 E 3.693(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.693 E F1 -(declar)3.693 E 3.693<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.693 E F3(name)3.693 E F0(\(see) -3.692 E F2 1.192(SHELL B)3.692 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.192(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F -F0(belo)3.442 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(de-)6.192 E(clar)108 597.6 Q 2.5<65ad> --.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0 -(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E -(Associati)108 614.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E -F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 -631.2 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 -(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 --.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F -(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 643.2 Q -(.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 660 R -F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F3(value)108 672 Q F0 .211(may be of the form [)2.711 F F3 -(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 5.211(.I)C(nde)-5.211 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.711(da).15 G .212(rray assignments do not require an)-2.711 F .212 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)2.712 E F0(.)A(Each)108 684 Q F3 -(value)3.03 E F0 .529(in the list is e)3.029 F .529 -(xpanded using the shell e)-.15 F .529(xpansions described belo)-.15 F -3.029(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.029 E F2(EXP)3.029 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.2(bu)2.779 G(t).2 E F3(val-)3.029 E(ue)108 -696 Q F0 2.644(st)C .144(hat are v)-2.644 F .144(alid v)-.25 F .145 -(ariable assignments including the brack)-.25 F .145 -(ets and subscript do not under)-.1 F .145(go brace e)-.18 F(xpansion) --.15 E .844(and w)108 708 R .844(ord splitting, as with indi)-.1 F .844 -(vidual v)-.25 F .844(ariable assignments.)-.25 F .844 -(When assigning to inde)5.844 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.344(da).15 G .844 -(rrays, if the op-)-3.344 F 1.42(tional brack)108 720 R 1.42 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 3.921(xi)-.15 G 3.921 -(sa)-3.921 G 1.421(ssigned to; otherwise the inde)-3.921 F 3.921(xo)-.15 -G 3.921(ft)-3.921 G 1.421(he element)-3.921 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(20)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-6.307 G(x-)-3.157 E 1.193(plicitly declare an inde)108 631.2 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.693(da).15 G(rray)-3.693 E 3.693(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.693 E F2 +(declar)3.693 E 3.693<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.693 E F0(name)3.693 E F1(\(see) +3.692 E F3 1.192(SHELL B)3.692 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.192(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F +F1(belo)3.442 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(de-)6.192 E(clar)108 643.2 Q 2.5<65ad> +-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F0(name)2.5 E F2([)A F0(subscript)A F2(])A F1 +(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F0(subscript)2.5 E F1(is ignored.)2.5 E +(Associati)108 660 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E +F2(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F0(name)2.5 E F1(.)A(Attrib)108 +676.8 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 +(ariable using the)-.25 F F2(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F1(and)3.441 E F2 +-.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F1 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F +(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 688.8 Q +(.)-.65 E 1.409 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 705.6 +R F0(name)3.909 E F1(=)A F2(\()A F1 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F0(1)A F1 -1.923 +1.666(... v)3.909 H(alue)-1.916 E F0(n)A F2(\))A F1 3.909(,w)C 1.409 +(here each)-3.909 F F0(value)108 717.6 Q F1 .211(may be of the form [) +2.711 F F0(subscript)A F1(]=)A F0(string)A F1 5.211(.I)C(nde)-5.211 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.711(da).15 G .212(rray assignments do not require an) +-2.711 F .212(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F0(string)2.712 E F1(.)A(Each)108 +729.6 Q F0(value)4.268 E F1 1.768(in the list is e)4.268 F 1.768 +(xpanded using the shell e)-.15 F 1.767(xpansions described belo)-.15 F +4.267(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.267 E F3(EXP)4.267 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 -.2(bu)4.017 G(t).2 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(20)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(assigned is the last inde)108 84 Q 2.5(xa)-.15 G -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-2.5 E(Inde)5 E -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E 1.288(When assigning to an associati)108 -100.8 R 1.588 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 3.788(,t)-.65 G 1.288(he w) --3.788 F 1.288(ords in a compound assignment may be either assignment) --.1 F .608 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E F0(value)108 84 Q F1 2.719(st)C .219(hat are v) +-2.719 F .219(alid v)-.25 F .219 +(ariable assignments including the brack)-.25 F .22 +(ets and subscript do not under)-.1 F .22(go brace e)-.18 F(xpan-)-.15 E +.622(sion and w)108 96 R .622(ord splitting, as with indi)-.1 F .621 +(vidual v)-.25 F .621(ariable assignments.)-.25 F .621 +(When assigning to inde)5.621 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.121(da).15 G .621 +(rrays, if the)-3.121 F .795(optional brack)108 108 R .795 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 3.296(xi)-.15 G 3.296 +(sa)-3.296 G .796(ssigned to; otherwise the inde)-3.296 F 3.296(xo)-.15 +G 3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he element)-3.296 F(assigned is the last inde) +108 120 Q 2.5(xa)-.15 G(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-2.5 E +(Inde)5 E(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E 1.288 +(When assigning to an associati)108 136.8 R 1.588 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) +.15 E 3.788(,t)-.65 G 1.288(he w)-3.788 F 1.288 +(ords in a compound assignment may be either assignment)-.1 F .608 (statements, for which the subscript is required, or a list of w)108 -112.8 R .608(ords that is interpreted as a sequence of alter)-.1 F(-)-.2 -E 1.957(nating k)108 124.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.457(sa).15 G 1.957(nd v) --4.457 F(alues:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.457 E F0(=)A/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()A F1 -.1(ke)4.457 G 1.957(y1 value1 k)-.2 F -.3(ey) --.1 G 4.457(2v).3 G(alue2)-4.457 E F0(...)4.457 E F2(\))A F0 6.957(.T)C -1.956(hese are treated identically to)-6.957 F F1(name)4.456 E F0(=)A F2 -(\()A F0([)108 136.8 Q F1 -.1(ke)C(y1)-.2 E F0(]=)A F1(value1)A F0([) -3.132 E F1 -.1(ke)C(y2)-.2 E F0(]=)A F1(value2)A F0(...)3.132 E F2(\))A -F0 5.632(.T)C .632(he \214rst w)-5.632 F .633 -(ord in the list determines ho)-.1 F 3.133(wt)-.25 G .633 -(he remaining w)-3.133 F .633(ords are inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .154 -(preted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type.)108 148.8 R +148.8 R .608(ords that is interpreted as a sequence of alter)-.1 F(-)-.2 +E 1.735(nating k)108 160.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.235(sa).15 G 1.735(nd v) +-4.235 F(alues:)-.25 E F0(name)4.235 E F1(=)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()A +F0 -.1(ke)4.235 G 1.735(y1 value1 k)-.2 F -.3(ey)-.1 G 4.235(2v).3 G +(alue2)-4.235 E F1 1.666(...)4.234 G F2(\))-1.666 E F1 6.734(.T)C 1.734 +(hese are treated identically to)-6.734 F F0(name)4.234 E F1(=)A F2(\()A +F1([)108 172.8 Q F0 -.1(ke)C(y1)-.2 E F1(]=)A F0(value1)A F1([)2.91 E F0 +-.1(ke)C(y2)-.2 E F1(]=)A F0(value2)A F1 1.666(...)2.91 G F2(\))-1.666 E +F1 5.41(.T)C .41(he \214rst w)-5.41 F .411 +(ord in the list determines ho)-.1 F 2.911(wt)-.25 G .411 +(he remaining w)-2.911 F .411(ords are inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .154 +(preted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type.)108 184.8 R .153(When using k)5.153 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(/v).15 E .153(alue pairs, the k) -.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.653(sm).15 G .153(ay not be)-2.653 F -(missing or empty; a \214nal missing v)108 160.8 Q(alue is treated lik) +(missing or empty; a \214nal missing v)108 196.8 Q(alue is treated lik) -.25 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(he empty string.)-2.5 E .239 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 177.6 R F2(declar)2.739 E(e) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F1(name)108 -189.6 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0 1.917 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 213.6 R F2(declar)2.739 E(e) +-.18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F0(name)108 +225.6 Q F1([)A F0(subscript)A F1(]=)A F0(value)A F1 1.917 (syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F1(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) -4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 201.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F0(name)4.777 E F1 1.916(is sub-) +4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 237.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 (hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(of)108 213.6 Q F1(name)2.677 E F0 2.677(,s)C 2.677(on)-2.677 G -2.25 +(of)108 249.6 Q F0(name)2.677 E F1 2.677(,s)C 2.677(on)-2.677 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.677 H(ti).15 E .477 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .177 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 2.677(,a)-.65 G .177 (nd an inde)-2.677 F 2.676(xo)-.15 G 2.676<66ad>-2.676 G 2.676(1r)-2.676 -G .176(eferences the last el-)-2.676 F(ement.)108 225.6 Q .716 -(The += operator will append to an array v)108 242.4 R .717 +G .176(eferences the last el-)-2.676 F(ement.)108 261.6 Q .716 +(The += operator will append to an array v)108 278.4 R .717 (ariable when assigning using the compound assignment syntax;)-.25 F -(see)108 254.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0 -(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 271.2 Q 3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076 -(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.576 F F1(name)A F0([)A -F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075(braces are required to a)3.575 F --.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E .576(con\215icts with pathname e)108 283.2 R 3.076 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1(subscript)3.076 E F0(is)3.076 E F2(@)3.076 E F0 -(or)3.076 E F2(*)3.076 E F0 3.076(,t)C .576(he w)-3.076 F .576(ord e)-.1 -F .576(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)3.077 E F0 3.077(,u)C(n-) --3.077 E .098(less noted in the description of a b)108 295.2 R .097 +(see)108 290.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E F1 +(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 307.2 Q 3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076 +(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.576 F F0(name)A F1([)A +F0(subscript)A F1 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075(braces are required to a)3.575 F +-.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E .576(con\215icts with pathname e)108 319.2 R 3.076 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F F0(subscript)3.076 E F1(is)3.076 E F2(@)3.076 E F1 +(or)3.076 E F2(*)3.076 E F1 3.076(,t)C .576(he w)-3.076 F .576(ord e)-.1 +F .576(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F0(name)3.077 E F1 3.077(,u)C(n-) +-3.077 E .098(less noted in the description of a b)108 331.2 R .097 (uiltin or w)-.2 F .097(ord e)-.1 F 2.597(xpansion. These)-.15 F .097 (subscripts dif)2.597 F .097(fer only when the w)-.25 F .097(ord ap-)-.1 -F .852(pears within double quotes.)108 307.2 R .852(If the w)5.852 F -.852(ord is double-quoted, ${)-.1 F F1(name)A F0 .853([*]} e)B .853 -(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .853(ord with the)-.1 F -.25(va)108 319.2 S +F .852(pears within double quotes.)108 343.2 R .852(If the w)5.852 F +.852(ord is double-quoted, ${)-.1 F F0(name)A F1 .853([*]} e)B .853 +(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .853(ord with the)-.1 F -.25(va)108 355.2 S .013(lue of each array member separated by the \214rst character of the) -.25 F F3(IFS)2.513 E F0 .013(special v)2.263 F .013(ariable, and ${)-.25 -F F1(name)A F0 .013([@]} e)B(x-)-.15 E .483(pands each element of)108 -331.2 R F1(name)2.983 E F0 .484(to a separate w)2.984 F 2.984(ord. When) --.1 F .484(there are no array members, ${)2.984 F F1(name)A F0 .484 -([@]} e)B(xpands)-.15 E 1.074(to nothing.)108 343.2 R 1.074 +.25 F F3(IFS)2.513 E F1 .013(special v)2.263 F .013(ariable, and ${)-.25 +F F0(name)A F1 .013([@]} e)B(x-)-.15 E .483(pands each element of)108 +367.2 R F0(name)2.983 E F1 .484(to a separate w)2.984 F 2.984(ord. When) +-.1 F .484(there are no array members, ${)2.984 F F0(name)A F1 .484 +([@]} e)B(xpands)-.15 E 1.074(to nothing.)108 379.2 R 1.074 (If the double-quoted e)6.074 F 1.074(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F 1.074(ord, the e)-.1 F 1.073(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is)-.15 F -.614(joined with the be)108 355.2 R .614(ginning part of the original w) +.614(joined with the be)108 391.2 R .614(ginning part of the original w) -.15 F .614(ord, and the e)-.1 F .615 (xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .04 -(the last part of the original w)108 367.2 R 2.54(ord. This)-.1 F .04 +(the last part of the original w)108 403.2 R 2.54(ord. This)-.1 F .04 (is analogous to the e)2.54 F .04(xpansion of the special parameters) --.15 F F2(*)2.54 E F0(and)2.54 E F2(@)2.54 E F0(\(see)2.54 E F2 1.245 -(Special P)108 379.2 R(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)3.745 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.745(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 1.245(]} e)B -1.246(xpands to the length of ${)-.15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A -F0 3.746(]}. If)B F1(sub-)3.746 E(script)108 391.2 Q F0(is)2.728 E F2(*) -2.728 E F0(or)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0 2.728(,t)C .228(he e)-2.728 F .228 +-.15 F F2(*)2.54 E F1(and)2.54 E F2(@)2.54 E F1(\(see)2.54 E F2 1.245 +(Special P)108 415.2 R(arameters)-.1 E F1(abo)3.745 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.745(\). ${#).15 F F0(name)A F1([)A F0(subscript)A F1 1.245(]} e)B +1.246(xpands to the length of ${)-.15 F F0(name)A F1([)A F0(subscript)A +F1 3.746(]}. If)B F0(sub-)3.746 E(script)108 427.2 Q F1(is)2.728 E F2(*) +2.728 E F1(or)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F1 2.728(,t)C .228(he e)-2.728 F .228 (xpansion is the number of elements in the array)-.15 F 5.227(.I)-.65 G -2.727(ft)-5.227 G(he)-2.727 E F1(subscript)3.067 E F0 .227 -(used to reference an)3.407 F .437(element of an inde)108 403.2 R -.15 +2.727(ft)-5.227 G(he)-2.727 E F0(subscript)3.067 E F1 .227 +(used to reference an)3.407 F .437(element of an inde)108 439.2 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.937(da).15 G .437(rray e)-2.937 F -.25(va)-.25 G .437 (luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relati).25 F .738 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.938(oo).15 G .438(ne greater)-2.938 F .02 -(than the maximum inde)108 415.2 R 2.52(xo)-.15 G 2.52(ft)-2.52 G .02 +(than the maximum inde)108 451.2 R 2.52(xo)-.15 G 2.52(ft)-2.52 G .02 (he array)-2.52 F 2.52(,s)-.65 G 2.52(on)-2.52 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.52 H (ti).15 E .32 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .02 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 2.52(,a)-.65 G .02 (nd an inde)-2.52 F(x)-.15 E(of \2551 references the last element.)108 -427.2 Q .595(Referencing an array v)108 444 R .595 +463.2 Q .595(Referencing an array v)108 480 R .595 (ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .595 (lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An)108 -456 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 E -(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E -F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 472.8 -Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E +492 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 E +(alid subscript is v)-.25 E(alid, and)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1 +(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 508.8 Q +(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 489.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 525.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() .15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 -(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 501.6 S .749 -(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F0(name)A F1([)A F0(@)A F1 .417(]} and ${)B F2 +(!)A F0(name)A F1([)A F0(*)A F1(]})A -.15(ex)108 537.6 S .749 +(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F0(name) +3.249 E F1 5.749(.T)C .75 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 -513.6 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 530.4 Q F2(unset) -2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 -G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A -F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 542.4 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358 +549.6 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F0(@)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 +E F0(*)2.5 E F1(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 566.4 Q F2(unset) +2.767 E F1 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F0(name)2.767 E F1([)A F0(subscript)A +F1 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) +-.15 E F0(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 578.4 Q F1 2.858(,f)C .358 (or both inde)-2.858 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G .358(nd associati) -2.858 F .658 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.858(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E .658 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .358(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G .358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.205 -(scribed abo)108 554.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.205(.U).15 G 1.205 +(scribed abo)108 590.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.205(.U).15 G 1.205 (nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.205 F 1.204 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F2(unset)6.204 E F1 -(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(where)108 566.4 Q F1(name)3.412 E F0 .912 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F2(unset)6.204 E F0 +(name)3.704 E F1(,)A(where)108 602.4 Q F0(name)3.412 E F1 .912 (is an array)3.412 F 3.412(,r)-.65 G(emo)-3.412 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.412 -(st).15 G .912(he entire array)-3.412 F(.)-.65 E F2(unset)5.912 E F1 -(name)3.412 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 .912(], where)B F1(subscript) -3.413 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(*)3.413 E F0(or)3.413 E F2(@)3.413 E F0 3.413 -(,b)C(e-)-3.413 E(ha)108 578.4 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.126(sd).15 G(if)-3.126 -E .626(ferently depending on whether)-.25 F F1(name)3.126 E F0 .626 +(st).15 G .912(he entire array)-3.412 F(.)-.65 E F2(unset)5.912 E F0 +(name)3.412 E F1([)A F0(subscript)A F1 .912(], where)B F0(subscript) +3.413 E F1(is)3.413 E F2(*)3.413 E F1(or)3.413 E F2(@)3.413 E F1 3.413 +(,b)C(e-)-3.413 E(ha)108 614.4 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.126(sd).15 G(if)-3.126 +E .626(ferently depending on whether)-.25 F F0(name)3.126 E F1 .626 (is an inde)3.126 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.126(do).15 G 3.126(ra)-3.126 G (ssociati)-3.126 E .925 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.625(.I)-.65 G(f) --5.625 E F1(name)3.125 E F0 .625(is an associati)3.125 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(array)108 590.4 Q 3.067(,t)-.65 G .567 -(his unsets the element with subscript)-3.067 F F2(*)3.067 E F0(or)3.067 -E F2(@)3.067 E F0 5.567(.I)C(f)-5.567 E F1(name)3.067 E F0 .567 +-5.625 E F0(name)3.125 E F1 .625(is an associati)3.125 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(array)108 626.4 Q 3.067(,t)-.65 G .567 +(his unsets the element with subscript)-3.067 F F2(*)3.067 E F1(or)3.067 +E F2(@)3.067 E F1 5.567(.I)C(f)-5.567 E F0(name)3.067 E F1 .567 (is an inde)3.067 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.067(da).15 G(rray)-3.067 E 3.067 (,u)-.65 G .567(nset remo)-3.067 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.067(sa).15 G .567 -(ll of the)-3.067 F(elements b)108 602.4 Q(ut does not remo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H(he array itself.).15 E .029(When using a v)108 619.2 R +(ll of the)-3.067 F(elements b)108 638.4 Q(ut does not remo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H(he array itself.).15 E .029(When using a v)108 655.2 R .029(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .028 -(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.528 E F0 2.528(,w)C -.028(ithout us-)-2.528 F .937(ing the w)108 631.2 R .937(ord e)-.1 F +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.528 E F1 2.528(,w)C +.028(ithout us-)-2.528 F .937(ing the w)108 667.2 R .937(ord e)-.1 F .937(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(,t).15 G .937(he ar)-3.437 F .938(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.438 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.438 E(name e)108 643.2 Q +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.438 E(name e)108 679.2 Q (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E -(The)108 660 Q F2(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)2.684 E F0 -2.684(,a)C(nd)-2.684 E F2 -.18(re)2.684 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G -.184(iltins each accept a).2 F F22.684 E F0 .184 +(The)108 696 Q F2(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F1(,)A F2(local)2.684 E F1 +2.684(,a)C(nd)-2.684 E F2 -.18(re)2.684 G(adonly).18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.684 G +.184(iltins each accept a).2 F F22.684 E F1 .184 (option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.683(da).15 G .183 -(rray and a)-2.683 F F22.683 E F0(op-)2.683 E .041 -(tion to specify an associati)108 672 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E +(rray and a)-2.683 F F22.683 E F1(op-)2.683 E .041 +(tion to specify an associati)108 708 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.041(.I)-.65 G 2.541(fb)-5.041 G .041(oth options are supplied,)-2.541 -F F22.541 E F0(tak)2.541 E .041(es precedence.)-.1 F(The)5.041 E -F2 -.18(re)2.542 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.542 G .042(iltin ac-).2 F .864 -(cepts a)108 684 R F23.364 E F0 .864(option to assign a list of w) +F F22.541 E F1(tak)2.541 E .041(es precedence.)-.1 F(The)5.041 E +F2 -.18(re)2.542 G(ad).18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.542 G .042(iltin ac-).2 F .864 +(cepts a)108 720 R F23.364 E F1 .864(option to assign a list of w) 3.364 F .864(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.863 -(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.863 E F2(set)3.363 E F0(and)3.363 E F2(declar)3.363 E -(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)108 696 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w) --.25 E(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(21)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.863 E F2(set)3.363 E F1(and)3.363 E F2(declar)3.363 E +(e)-.18 E F1(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(21)193.45 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 84 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is performe\ -d on the command line after it has been split into w)108 96 R 3.26 -(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 108 S .201(pansion performed:).15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(br)2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 -E F2 .201(tilde e)2.831 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)3.951 E .201 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .2 -(command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 120 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e) -2.83 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting) --2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0 -(.).24 E .418(The order of e)108 136.8 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 -F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F -.419(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 148.8 -S .196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 -F .195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 160.8 Q .257 -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 177.6 R -.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 -E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 189.6 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E -.2(bu)108 84 S(iltins display array v).2 E +(alues in a w)-.25 E(ay that allo)-.1 E +(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(EXP)72 100.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F1 .764(Expansion is performed on the com\ +mand line after it has been split into w)108 112.8 R 3.264(ords. The)-.1 +F .765(shell performs these)3.264 F -.15(ex)108 124.8 S(pansions:).15 E +F0(br)3.797 E 1.027(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1(,).24 E F0 1.027 +(tilde e)3.657 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1(,).24 E F0(par)4.777 E 1.027 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1(,).24 E F0 1.027 +(command substitution)3.727 F F1(,).24 E F0(arithmetic e)108.33 136.8 Q +(xpansion)-.2 E F1(,).24 E F0(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E +F1(,).22 E F0(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F1 2.5(,a).24 G(nd)-2.5 E +F0(quote r)2.75 E(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 E F1(.).51 E .418(The order of e) +108 153.6 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418(xpansion; tilde e) +-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419(ariable e)-.25 F .419 +(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 165.6 S .28 +(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F .28 +(ashion\); w)-.1 F .28(ord splitting; pathname e)-.1 F(xpansion;)-.15 E +(and quote remo)108 177.6 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 194.4 R +.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F0(pr)2.757 E .257 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F1 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 206.4 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .003(After these e)108 206.4 R .003 -(xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 -(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 218.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F2(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A .171(Only brace e)108 235.2 R .171(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 -(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171 +-.15 E F0 .25(Quote r)108 223.2 R(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 E F1 .25(is al)2.75 +F -.1(wa)-.1 G .25(ys performed last.).1 F .249(It remo)5.25 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.749(sq).15 G .249(uote characters present in the original w) +-2.749 F .249(ord, not ones)-.1 F(resulting from one of the other e)108 +235.2 Q(xpansions, unless the)-.15 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.5 H +(been quoted themselv)2.7 E(es.)-.15 E .171(Only brace e)108 252 R .171 +(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171 (xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .172(ords of the e)-.1 F -(x-)-.15 E .777(pansion; other e)108 247.2 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F -.776(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276 -(ord. The)-.1 F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e) --.15 F(x-)-.15 E .695(pansions of ")108 259.2 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -($@)A F0 3.195("a)C .695(nd ")-3.195 F F3(${)A F2(name)A F3([@]})A F0 -.696(", and, in most cases,)B F3($*)3.196 E F0(and)3.196 E F3(${)3.196 E -F2(name)A F3([*]})A F0 .696(as e)3.196 F .696(xplained abo)-.15 F .996 --.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.196 G(-).666 -E(RAMETERS)108 271.2 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F3(Brace Expansion)87 -288 Q F2(Br)108.58 300 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +(x-)-.15 E .777(pansion; other e)108 264 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F .776 +(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276(ord. The)-.1 +F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E +.328(pansions of)108 276 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF("$@")2.828 E F1(and) +2.828 E F3("${)2.828 E F0(name)A F3([@]}")A F1 2.828(,a)C .328 +(nd, in most cases,)-2.828 F F3($*)2.828 E F1(and)2.828 E F3(${)2.828 E +F0(name)A F3([*]})A F1 .329(as e)2.828 F .329(xplained abo)-.15 F .629 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.829 G(-).666 +E(RAMETERS)108 288 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F3(Brace Expansion)87 +304.8 Q F0(Br)108.58 316.8 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 312 Q F2 .415(pathname e) -2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 328.8 Q F0 .415 +(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .074(form of an optional)108 324 R F2(pr)3.823 E(eamble) --.37 E F0 2.573(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.573 E .073 +(he)-2.915 E .074(form of an optional)108 340.8 R F0(pr)3.823 E(eamble) +-.37 E F1 2.573(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.573 E .073 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .489(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 336 R .489 -(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.49(.T).68 G .49 -(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.49 F .49(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(cont\ -ained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each re\ -sulting string, e)108 348 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 360 -Q .718(Brace e)108 376.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 -(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .489(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 352.8 R +.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F0(postscript)4.239 E F1 5.49(.T).68 G +.49(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.49 F .49(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(c\ +ontained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each\ + resulting string, e)108 364.8 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 +376.8 Q .718(Brace e)108 393.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F +.719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 388.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F3({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F3(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.149(As) -108 405.6 S .649(equence e)-3.149 F .649(xpression tak)-.15 F .649 -(es the form)-.1 F F3({)3.149 E F2(x)A F3(..)A F2(y)A F3([..)A F2(incr)A -F3(]})A F0 3.149(,w)C(here)-3.149 E F2(x)3.149 E F0(and)3.149 E F2(y) -3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .648 -(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F F2(incr)108 417.6 Q F0 2.615(,a)C +108 405.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F3({)A F1 +(d,c,b)A F3(})A F1 2.5(ee)C(xpands into \231ade ace abe\232.)-2.65 E +3.149(As)108 422.4 S .649(equence e)-3.149 F .649(xpression tak)-.15 F +.649(es the form)-.1 F F3({)3.149 E F0(x)A F3(..)A F0(y)A F3([..)A F0 +(incr)A F3(]})A F1 3.149(,w)C(here)-3.149 E F0(x)3.149 E F1(and)3.149 E +F0(y)3.149 E F1 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .648 +(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F F0(incr)108 434.4 Q F1 2.615(,a)C 2.615(no)-2.615 G .115(ptional increment, is an inte)-2.615 F(ger)-.15 E 5.115(.W)-.55 G .115(hen inte)-5.115 F .115(gers are supplied, the e) --.15 F .115(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F 1.014 -(ber between)108 429.6 R F2(x)3.514 E F0(and)3.514 E F2(y)3.513 E F0 -3.513(,i)C(nclusi)-3.513 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.013(.S).15 G 1.013 -(upplied inte)-6.013 F 1.013(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F 1.013(ed with) --.15 F F2(0)3.513 E F0 1.013(to force each term to ha)3.513 F 1.313 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014(same width.)108 441.6 R .014(When either)5.014 -F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or)2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with \ -a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 -F 1.131(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 -453.6 R 6.131(.W)-.65 G 1.13(hen letters are supplied, the e)-6.131 F -1.13(xpression e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .484(pands to each character le)108 -465.6 R .484(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)2.984 E F0(and)2.984 E -F2(y)2.984 E F0 2.984(,i)C(nclusi)-2.984 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.984(,u).15 G -.485(sing the def)-2.984 F .485(ault C locale.)-.1 F .485(Note that) -5.485 F(both)108 477.6 Q F2(x)2.967 E F0(and)2.967 E F2(y)2.967 E F0 -.467(must be of the same type \(inte)2.967 F .467(ger or letter\).)-.15 -F .467(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the)5.467 F(dif)108 -489.6 Q(ference between each term.)-.25 E(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 -506.4 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 518.4 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F3(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 +-.15 F .115(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F .736 +(ber between)108 446.4 R F0(x)3.236 E F1(and)3.236 E F0(y)3.236 E F1 +3.236(,i)C(nclusi)-3.236 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.736(.I).15 G 3.236(ft)-5.736 +G .736(he supplied inte)-3.236 F .736(gers are pre\214x)-.15 F .736 +(ed with)-.15 F F0(0)3.236 E F1 3.236(,e)C .735(ach term will ha)-3.236 +F 1.035 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .735(he same).15 F .225 +(width, zero-padding if necessary)108 458.4 R 5.225(.W)-.65 G .226 +(hen either)-5.225 F F0(x)2.726 E F1(or)2.726 E F0(y)2.726 E F1(be)2.726 +E .226(gins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all gen-)-.15 F +1.073(erated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding w\ +here necessary)108 470.4 R 6.072(.W)-.65 G 1.072(hen letters are sup-) +-6.072 F .567(plied, the e)108 482.4 R .567(xpression e)-.15 F .567 +(xpands to each character le)-.15 F .567(xicographically between)-.15 F +F0(x)3.067 E F1(and)3.067 E F0(y)3.068 E F1 3.068(,i)C(nclusi)-3.068 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.068(,u).15 G .568(sing the de-)-3.068 F -.1(fa)108 +494.4 S .574(ult C locale.).1 F .574(Note that both)5.574 F F0(x)3.074 E +F1(and)3.074 E F0(y)3.074 E F1 .574(must be of the same type \(inte) +3.074 F .574(ger or letter\).)-.15 F .573(When the increment is)5.573 F +(supplied, it is used as the dif)108 506.4 Q(ference between each term.) +-.25 E(The def)5 E(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E +.581(Brace e)108 523.2 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F +3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082 +(yc)-.15 G .582(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E +.016(are preserv)108 535.2 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 +(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F3(Bash)5.016 E F1 .015 (does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 530.4 Q +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 547.2 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 547.2 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(\ -xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\ - one un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 559.2 R .458 -(alid sequence e)-.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458 +-.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 564 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(xp\ +ansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least o\ +ne un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 576 R .458(alid sequence e) +-.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458 (ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .457(xpansion is left unchanged.) --.15 F(A)108 571.2 Q F3({)2.521 E F0(or)2.521 E F3(,)2.521 E F0 .021 +-.15 F(A)108 588 Q F3({)2.521 E F1(or)2.521 E F3(,)2.521 E F1 .021 (may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.521 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 (nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.522(xpression. T)-.15 F 2.522(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.722 G(id).2 E .172 -(con\215icts with parameter e)108 583.2 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 -F F3(${)2.672 E F0 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F -.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 595.2 Q -(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F3(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ +(con\215icts with parameter e)108 600 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 F +F3(${)2.672 E F1 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F +.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 612 Q +(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F3(})2.5 E F1(.)A 1.476(This constru\ ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ -gs to be generated is)108 612 R(longer than in the abo)108 624 Q .3 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 640.8 Q --.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 652.8 Q(cho)144 664.8 Q -(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) --.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 681.6 R .618 +gs to be generated is)108 628.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 640.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 +657.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 669.6 Q(cho)144 +681.6 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 +E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 698.4 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F3(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)3.118 E F1(.)A F3(sh)5.618 E F1 .618 (does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 693.6 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 710.4 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G .247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F3(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 705.6 Q -.15 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F3(Bash)5.248 E F1(remo)108 722.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F3(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 717.6 Q F0 .514 -(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) -3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F3(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 -(If strict compatibility with)108 729.6 R F3(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 -(is desired, start)2.936 F F3(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F3 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E -(22)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +3.53 E F1(as)3.53 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(22) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(+B)108 84 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 -E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0 -(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)87 100.8 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 -.976(If a w)108 112.8 R .976(ord be)-.1 F .976 -(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1<01>A F0 .977 -('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ - \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) -108 124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 -5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(i\ -n the tilde-pre\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x f\ -ollo)108 136.8 R .726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F3 -(lo)108 148.8 Q .523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E F0(\214le{1,2})108 84 Q F1 .514 +(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F0 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F1 .515(after e) +3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.015 E F1(.) +A .437(If strict compatibility with)108 96 R F2(sh)2.936 E F1 .436 +(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F1 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 +(+B)2.936 E F1 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 108 Q F1(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) +2.5 E F1(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 +E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 124.8 S +(lde Expansion).18 E F1 .845(If a w)108 136.8 R .846(ord be)-.1 F .846 +(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(\231)-.15 F F2<01>A F1 .846 +(\232\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(sl\ +ash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered\ + a)108 148.8 R F0(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F1 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 160.8 R .726 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F0(lo)108 172.8 Q .523 +(gin name)-.1 F F1 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F2(HOME)108 160.8 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F2(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 +-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 184.8 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F1 .287 (is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 (cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 172.8 Q .492 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `\001+', the v)108 189.6 R .491 -(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(PWD)2.991 E F0 .491 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.741 F .491(If the tilde-pre\214x)5.491 F -.296(is a `\001\255', the v)108 201.6 R .296(alue of the shell v)-.25 F -(ariable)-.25 E F2(OLDPWD)2.796 E F4(,)A F0 .296 -(if it is set, is substituted.)2.546 F .296(If the characters follo) -5.296 F .296(wing the)-.25 F .88 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 213.6 R F3(N)3.38 E -F0 3.38(,o)C .88(ptionally pre\214x)-3.38 F .879 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F .138(placed \ -with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -225.6 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)2.639 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 237.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.839(dw).1 G -.338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.839 F 2.838(gument. If)-.18 F -.338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338 -(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F -(of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 249.6 -Q(If the login name is in)108 266.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 196.8 Q .368 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a \231\001+\232, the v)108 213.6 R .368 +(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.868 E F1 .368 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.618 F .368(If the tilde-pre\214x)5.368 F +.185(is a \231\001\255\232, the v)108 225.6 R .185(alue of the shell v) +-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)2.685 E F4(,)A F1 .185 +(if it is set, is substituted.)2.435 F .185(If the characters follo) +5.185 F .185(wing the)-.25 F .658 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 237.6 R F0(N)3.158 +E F1 3.158(,o)C .658(ptionally pre\214x)-3.158 F .657 +(ed by a \231+\232 or a \231\255\232, the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F +.138(placed with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as\ + it w)108 249.6 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)2.639 E F1 +-.2(bu)2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 261.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.839 +(dw).1 G .338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.839 F 2.838(gument. If) +-.18 F .338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338 +(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F(of a number withou\ +t a leading \231+\232 or \231\255\232, \231+\232 is assumed.)108 273.6 Q +(If the login name is in)108 290.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) .25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166 -(Each v)108 283.2 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 +(Each v)108 307.2 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 (ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F -.167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=) -2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468(these cases, tilde e)108 295.2 R +.167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E F1 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=) +2.667 E F1 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468(these cases, tilde e)108 319.2 R .468(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) -.65 G .467(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F -(ments to)108 307.2 Q F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F2(MAILP)2.25 -E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v) --.15 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(Bash)108 324 Q F0 1.768(also performs tilde e) +(ments to)108 331.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 +E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F1(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F1(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v) +-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(Bash)108 348 Q F1 1.768(also performs tilde e) 4.268 F 1.768(xpansion on w)-.15 F 1.769 (ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F 1.769 -(ariable assignments \(as de-)-.25 F .464(scribed abo)108 336 R .764 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.964 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A -F0 .464(when the)2.714 F 2.964(ya)-.15 G .464(ppear as ar)-2.964 F .463 -(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F F1(Bash)5.463 E F0 .463(does not) -2.963 F(do this, e)108 348 Q(xcept for the)-.15 E F3(declar)2.5 E(ation) --.15 E F0(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in) --2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(Pa)87 364.8 S -(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 .199(The `)108 376.8 R F1($)A F0 2.699('c)C -.199(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.699 F .199 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.7 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.7 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e)108 -388.8 R .314(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b) --.15 F .314(ut serv)-.2 F 2.813(et)-.15 G 2.813(op)-2.813 G(rotect) --2.813 E .414(the v)108 400.8 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414 +(ariable assignments \(as de-)-.25 F .464(scribed abo)108 360 R .764 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.964 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A +F1 .464(when the)2.714 F 2.964(ya)-.15 G .464(ppear as ar)-2.964 F .463 +(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F F2(Bash)5.463 E F1 .463(does not) +2.963 F(do this, e)108 372 Q(xcept for the)-.15 E F0(declar)2.5 E(ation) +-.15 E F1(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in) +-2.5 E F0(posix mode)2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(Pa)87 388.8 S +(rameter Expansion).1 E F1 .014(The \231)108 400.8 R F2($)A F1 2.514 +<9a63>C .014(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.514 F .014 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.515 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.515 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e) +108 412.8 R .314 +(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .314 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.813(et)-.15 G 2.813(op)-2.813 G(rotect)-2.813 E .414 +(the v)108 424.8 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414 (xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .415 (wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(the name.)108 -412.8 Q 1.19 -(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -429.6 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F .821 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 441.6 R .822 +436.8 Q 1.073 +(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst \231)108 +453.6 R F2(})A F1 3.573<9a6e>C 1.072 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.573 F .821 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 465.6 R .822 (xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E -(pansion.)108 453.6 Q(${)108 470.4 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A .106 -(The v)144 482.4 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(pansion.)108 477.6 Q(${)108 494.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A .106 +(The v)144 506.4 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106(The braces are required when)5.106 F -F3(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11 -(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 494.4 R F3(par)3.86 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .111 +F0(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11 +(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 518.4 R F0(par)3.86 E +(ameter)-.15 E F1 .111(is follo)3.341 F .111 (wed by a character which is not to be)-.25 F .208 -(interpreted as part of its name.)144 506.4 R(The)5.208 E F3(par)2.708 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F --.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 518.4 Q F0 2.5 -(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A -F0(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 535.2 R F3(par)2.846 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F -F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F3(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F3(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G -(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 547.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907 -(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F1(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 +(interpreted as part of its name.)144 530.4 R(The)5.208 E F0(par)2.708 E +(ameter)-.15 E F1 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G F2 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 542.4 Q F1 2.5 +(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A +F1(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 559.2 R F0(par)2.846 E +(ameter)-.15 E F1 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F +F2(!)A F1 .346(\), and)B F0(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .346(is not a) +2.846 F F0(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F1 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G +(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 571.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907 +(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F2(Bash)5.406 E F1 .406 (uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406 -(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F3(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 -(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F3(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 559.2 Q -F0 2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F +(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F0(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .406 +(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F0(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 583.2 Q +F1 2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079 (xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F -(original)108 571.2 Q F3(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043 -(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F3(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 -F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 +(original)108 595.2 Q F0(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.043(.T)C .043 +(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F0(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 +F(xpansion)-.2 E F1 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 (alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 583.2 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 -F 2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F3(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249 +(ex)108 607.2 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 +F 2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F0(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .249 (is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 -(name of the parameter referenced by)108 595.2 R F3(par)4.01 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 607.2 R .387 -(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A -F3(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F1(!)A F3 -(name)A F0([)A F3(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H +(name of the parameter referenced by)108 619.2 R F0(par)4.01 E(ameter) +-.15 E F1 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 631.2 R .387 +(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A +F0(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F1 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F2(!)A F0 +(name)A F1([)A F0(@)A F1 .387(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 -619.2 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) --2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 636 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F3(wor) -3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 +643.2 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) +-2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 660 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F0(wor) +3.484 E(d)-.37 E F1 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 648 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066 -(When not performing substring e)108 664.8 R .067 +F(and arithmetic e)108 672 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066 +(When not performing substring e)108 688.8 R .067 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-2.567 E F1(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)2.567 E F0 .067 -(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 676.8 Q(Omi\ +(e.g.,)-2.567 E F2(:-)2.567 E F1(\),)A F2(bash)2.567 E F1 .067 +(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 700.8 Q(Omi\ tting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 -E(${)108 693.6 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(})A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 705.6 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f) --5.723 E F3(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e) -3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722 -(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 717.6 Q -(alue of)-.25 E F3(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(23)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(23)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:=)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .811(Assign Default V)144 96 R(alues)-.92 E F0 -5.812(.I)C(f)-5.812 E F1(par)4.562 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .812 -(is unset or null, the e)4.042 F .812(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.652 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .812(is assigned to)4.082 F F1(pa-)4.562 E -.15(ra)144 108 -S(meter).15 E F0 5.742(.T).73 G .742(he v)-5.742 F .742(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)4.492 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .742(is then substituted.)3.972 F .741 -(Positional parameters and special parame-)5.742 F -(ters may not be assigned to in this w)144 120 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) -108 132 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 -.535(Display Err)144 144 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C -(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 -(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .013(sage to that ef)144 156 R -.013(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)2.853 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.283 F -(teracti)144 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) --2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 180 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 192 R .745(nate V)-.15 F -(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 204 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 216 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 228 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 240 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E -F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .003 -(character speci\214ed by)144 252 R F1(of)2.503 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.003 -(.I)C(f)-5.003 E F1(par)2.503 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.503 E F2(@)2.503 E -F0(or)2.503 E F2(*)2.503 E F0 2.503(,a)C 2.503(ni)-2.503 G(nde)-2.503 E +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(${)108 84 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<3aad>A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2 .723(Use Default V) +144 96 R(alues)-.92 E F1 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F0(par)4.473 E(ameter) +-.15 E F1 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F +F0(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F1 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-) +-.2 E(wise, the v)144 108 Q(alue of)-.25 E F0(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E +F1(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 120 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F0 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2 .265(Assign Default V)144 132 R(alues)-.92 E +F1 5.265(.I)C(f)-5.265 E F0(par)4.015 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .266 +(is unset or null, the e)3.495 F .266(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.106 E +(d)-.37 E F1 .266(is assigned to)3.536 F F0(par)4.016 E(a-)-.15 E(meter) +144 144 Q F1 5.545(.T).73 G .545(he v)-5.545 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F0 +(par)4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .544(is then substituted.)3.774 F .544 +(Positional parameters and special parameters)5.544 F +(may not be assigned to in this w)144 156 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${)108 168 +Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2 .535 +(Display Err)144 180 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F1 5.535(.I)C(f) +-5.535 E F0(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .535(is null or unset, the e) +3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.035 E(d)-.37 E F1 .535 +(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .013(sage to that ef)144 192 R .013(fect if)-.25 F +F0(wor)2.853 E(d)-.37 E F1 .013(is not present\) is written to the stan\ +dard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.283 F(teracti)144 204 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,)-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E +(alue of)-.25 E F0(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is substituted.)2.5 E(${) +108 216 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2 +.745(Use Alter)144 228 R .745(nate V)-.15 F(alue)-.92 E F1 5.745(.I)C(f) +-5.745 E F0(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .745 +(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 240 Q F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 252 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F0 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(})A(${)108 264 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F0 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F0(length)A F1(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) +144 276 R F1 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F0(length)2.502 E +F1 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.502 E +(ameter)-.15 E F1 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .003 +(character speci\214ed by)144 288 R F0(of)2.503 E(fset)-.18 E F1 5.003 +(.I)C(f)-5.003 E F0(par)2.503 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)2.503 E F2(@)2.503 E +F1(or)2.503 E F2(*)2.503 E F1 2.503(,a)C 2.503(ni)-2.503 G(nde)-2.503 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.503(da).15 G .003(rray subscripted by)-2.503 F F2(@) -2.503 E F0(or)2.503 E F2(*)2.504 E F0 2.504(,o)C 2.504(ra)-2.504 G(n) --2.504 E(associati)144 264 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722 +2.503 E F1(or)2.503 E F2(*)2.504 E F1 2.504(,o)C 2.504(ra)-2.504 G(n) +-2.504 E(associati)144 300 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722 (rray name, the results dif).15 F .722(fer as described belo)-.25 F -4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length)3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e) -3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042(substring of the v)144 276 R .042 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043 -(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F1(of)2.543 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F .847 -(end of the v)144 288 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 E F1 -(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 +4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F0(length)3.222 E F1 .722(is omitted, e) +3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042(substring of the v)144 312 R .042 +(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .043 +(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F0(of)2.543 E(fset) +-.18 E F1 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F .847 +(end of the v)144 324 R(alue.)-.25 E F0(length)5.846 E F1(and)3.346 E F0 +(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 (xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 300 Q(w\).)-.25 E -(If)144 324 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F1(belo)144 336 Q(w\).)-.25 E +(If)144 352.8 Q F0(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F1 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 (luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.046(end of the v)144 336 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G +.046(end of the v)144 364.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.546 E(ameter) +-.15 E F1 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F0(length)2.546 E F1 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 348 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 360 R -.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) +(of)144 376.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 388.8 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F0(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +F1 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 372 Q -.2(vo) --.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 396 Q F1(par)3.283 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.283 E -F2(@)3.283 E F0(or)3.283 E F2(*)3.284 E F0 3.284(,t)C .784(he result is) --3.284 F F1(length)3.284 E F0 .784(positional parameters be)3.284 F .784 -(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)3.284 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.784(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)144 408 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 -.167(is tak)2.667 F .167(en relati)-.1 F .467 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.667(oo) -.15 G .167(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.667 F -2.666(,s)-.4 G 2.666(oa)-2.666 G 2.666(no)-2.666 G -.25(ff)-2.666 G .166 +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 400.8 Q -.2 +(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 417.6 Q F0(par)3.283 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)3.283 +E F2(@)3.283 E F1(or)3.283 E F2(*)3.284 E F1 3.284(,t)C .784 +(he result is)-3.284 F F0(length)3.284 E F1 .784 +(positional parameters be)3.284 F .784(ginning at)-.15 F F0(of)3.284 E +(fset)-.18 E F1 5.784(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G F0(of)144 429.6 Q(fset)-.18 E F1 .167(is tak)2.667 F .167 +(en relati)-.1 F .467 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.667(oo).15 G .167 +(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.667 F 2.666(,s)-.4 +G 2.666(oa)-2.666 G 2.666(no)-2.666 G -.25(ff)-2.666 G .166 (set of \2551 e).25 F -.25(va)-.25 G(l-).25 E .023(uates to the last po\ sitional parameter \(or 0 if there are no positional parameters\).)144 -420 R .023(It is an e)5.023 F(xpansion)-.15 E(error if)144 432 Q F1 -(length)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luates to a number less than zero.).25 E -(If)144 456 Q F1(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F +441.6 R .023(It is an e)5.023 F(xpansion)-.15 E(error if)144 453.6 Q F0 +(length)2.5 E F1 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luates to a number less than zero.).25 E +(If)144 470.4 Q F0(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514 -(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F1(length) -3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 468 R 1.081 -(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 -E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 -(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F +(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F0(length) +3.014 E F1 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 482.4 R 1.081 +(ginning with ${)-.15 F F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1([)A F0(of)A(fset)-.18 +E F1 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F0 +(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F1 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08 -(than the maximum inde)144 480 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08 +(than the maximum inde)144 494.4 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08 (he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 -(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F1 -(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F -(number less than zero.)144 492 Q(Substring e)144 516 Q +(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F0 +(length)3.579 E F1 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F +(number less than zero.)144 506.4 Q(Substring e)144 523.2 Q (xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H (rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .82(Substring inde)144 540 R .821(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in w\ hich case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 552 Q .159(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 -F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .159 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F F2($0)2.659 E F0 +F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F0(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .159 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F F2($0)2.659 E F1 .159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .158(ed to)-.15 F(the list.)144 564 Q(${)108 -580.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 592.8 Q F2(!)A -F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084(Names matching pr)144 604.8 -R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F -.084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 616.8 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0 -.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257 +580.8 Q F2(!)A F0(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F1(})A(${)108 592.8 Q F2(!)A +F0(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F1(})A F2 .084(Names matching pr)144 604.8 +R(e\214x)-.18 E F1 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F +.084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F0(pr)2.585 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F1 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 616.8 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F1 +.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F0(@)2.757 E F1 .257 (is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F (within double quotes, each v)144 628.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 645.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) -A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 657.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 -(]})A F2 1.136(List of array k)144 669.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 6.136(.I)C(f) --6.136 E F1(name)3.636 E F0 1.136(is an array v)3.636 F 1.136 +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 645.6 Q F2(!)A F0(name) +A F1([)A F0(@)A F1(]})A(${)108 657.6 Q F2(!)A F0(name)A F1([)A F0(*)A F1 +(]})A F2 1.136(List of array k)144 669.6 R(eys)-.1 E F1 6.136(.I)C(f) +-6.136 E F0(name)3.636 E F1 1.136(is an array v)3.636 F 1.136 (ariable, e)-.25 F 1.136(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F --.15(ey)-.1 G 1.137(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 681.6 R F1(name) -2.897 E F0 5.397(.I)C(f)-5.397 E F1(name)2.897 E F0 .397 -(is not an array)2.897 F 2.897(,e)-.65 G .397(xpands to 0 if)-3.047 F F1 -(name)2.897 E F0 .397(is set and null otherwise.)2.897 F(When)5.397 E F1 -(@)2.897 E F0(is used and the e)144 693.6 Q +-.15(ey)-.1 G 1.137(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 681.6 R F0(name) +2.897 E F1 5.397(.I)C(f)-5.397 E F0(name)2.897 E F1 .397 +(is not an array)2.897 F 2.897(,e)-.65 G .397(xpands to 0 if)-3.047 F F0 +(name)2.897 E F1 .397(is set and null otherwise.)2.897 F(When)5.397 E F0 +(@)2.897 E F1(is used and the e)144 693.6 Q (xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(24)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(24)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A -F1 -.1(Pa)144 96 S .47(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471 -(he length in characters of the v)-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F2(par) -4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 108 Q F0(is)3.627 E F1(*)2.897 E F0(or)2.897 -E F1(@)2.897 E F0 2.897(,t)C .397(he v)-2.897 F .397 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(${)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)A F0(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 96 S .47(rameter length).1 F F1 5.47 +(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F +F0(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .471(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E +F0(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 108 Q F1(is)3.627 E F2(*)2.897 E F1 +(or)2.897 E F2(@)2.897 E F1 2.897(,t)C .397(he v)-2.897 F .397 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -5.396 E F2(par)4.146 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .396(is an ar)3.626 F(-)-.2 E -.78(ray name subscripted by)144 120 R F1(*)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F1(@)3.28 -E F0 3.28(,t)C .78(he v)-3.28 F .781 +5.396 E F0(par)4.146 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .396(is an ar)3.626 F(-)-.2 E +.78(ray name subscripted by)144 120 R F2(*)3.28 E F1(or)3.28 E F2(@)3.28 +E F1 3.28(,t)C .78(he v)-3.28 F .781 (alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.781 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.781 E F2(par)145.25 132 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.781 E F0(par)145.25 132 Q(ameter)-.15 E F1 .456 (is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 (rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 (hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 144 R 1.272 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.472 -F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.473(,s)C +F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F0(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array)144 156 Q 2.5 (,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G -(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 172.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 184.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E -F1(##)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 196.8 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 -H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T) -C(he)-6.196 E F2(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196 +(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 172.8 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 +E F2(#)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A(${)108 184.8 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F2(##)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2(Remo)144 196.8 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 +H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n)-.15 E F1 6.196(.T) +C(he)-6.196 E F0(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F1 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .543(name e)144 208.8 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544(ainst the e)-.05 F -.544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under)144 220.8 Q F1 -.1(Pa) -3.133 G(tter).1 E 3.133(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.133 E F0(belo)3.132 E 4.432 +.544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E +F1 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under)144 220.8 Q F2 -.1(Pa) +3.133 G(tter).1 E 3.133(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.133 E F1(belo)3.132 E 4.432 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.132(ft).65 G .632(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F -.632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .632(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.382 E(ameter) --.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151(then the result of the e)144 232.8 R 1.151 -(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F -.184(pattern \(the `)144 244.8 R(`)-.74 E F1(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D -.184(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1(##) -A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F2(par)3.933 -E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F1(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 256.8 Q F1(*)3.018 -E F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo) -.25 G .518 +.632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .632(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.382 E(ameter) +-.15 E F1(,).73 E 1.151(then the result of the e)144 232.8 R 1.151 +(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F0 +(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F +.554(pattern \(the \231#\232 case\) or the longest matching pattern \(t\ +he \231##\232 case\) deleted.)144 244.8 R(If)5.553 E F0(par)4.303 E +(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)3.783 E F2(@)3.053 E F1(or)144 256.8 Q F2(*)3.018 E +F1 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 +G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) -3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .304(sion is the resultant list.)144 268.8 R(If) -5.304 E F2(par)4.054 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.803 E F0(or)2.803 E F1(*)2.803 E -F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he pattern re-)-2.803 F(mo)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.15 G +5.304 E F0(par)4.054 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.803 E F1(or)2.803 E F2(*)2.803 E +F1 2.803(,t)C .303(he pattern re-)-2.803 F(mo)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 2.987(lo).25 G .487 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) -2.987 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 292.8 Q(${)108 -309.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 -321.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo) +309.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A(${)108 +321.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2(Remo) 144 333.6 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 -E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F2(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F +E F1 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F0(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F1 .147(is e)2.647 F .146(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 345.6 S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F1 -.1(Pa)144 357.6 S(tter) -.1 E 3.314(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.314 E F0(belo)3.314 E 4.614 -.65(w. I) --.25 H 3.314(ft).65 G .814 -(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-3.314 F .814(xpanded v) --.15 F .814(alue of)-.25 F F2(pa-)4.564 E -.15(ra)144 369.6 S(meter).15 -E F0 3.816(,t).73 G 1.316(hen the result of the e)-3.816 F 1.317 -(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.317(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)5.067 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.317(with the shortest)4.547 F 1.085 -(matching pattern \(the `)144 381.6 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.565 -.74 -('' c)D 1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 -E F1(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F2 -(par)145.25 393.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F1(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 -E F1(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 -G 2.659(lo).25 G .16 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51 -(and the e)144 405.6 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) -5.51 E F2(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F1(*)3.009 E -F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 417.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G -.422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 429.6 Q(${)108 -446.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0 -(})A(${)108 458.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(//)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A -F2(string)A F0(})A(${)108 470.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(/#)A F2 -(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0(})A(${)108 482.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F1(/%)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 494.4 S -(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 -E F2(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 +.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 357.6 S(tter) +.1 E 2.732(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.732 E F1(belo)2.732 E 4.032 -.65(w. I) +-.25 H 2.732(ft).65 G .231 +(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-2.732 F .231(xpanded v) +-.15 F .231(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.981 E(a-)-.15 E(meter)144 369.6 Q F1 +4.399(,t).73 G 1.899(hen the result of the e)-4.399 F 1.899 +(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.899(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.9(alue of)-.25 F F0 +(par)5.65 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.9(with the shortest)5.13 F .019(matching\ + pattern \(the \231%\232 case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the \ +\231%%\232 case\) deleted.)144 381.6 R(If)5.019 E F0(par)3.769 E(a-)-.15 +E(meter)144 393.6 Q F1(is)3.559 E F2(@)2.829 E F1(or)2.829 E F2(*)2.829 +E F1 2.829(,t)C .329(he pattern remo)-2.829 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.829(lo) +.25 G .33(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and) +-2.829 F .64(the e)144 405.6 R .64(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 +F(If)5.64 E F0(par)4.39 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .64(is an array v)3.87 F .64 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.14 E F1(or)3.14 E F2(*)3.14 E F1 +3.14(,t)C(he)-3.14 E .422(pattern remo)144 417.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922 +(lo).25 G .422 +(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) +-2.922 F .423(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 429.6 Q(${)108 +446.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F0(pattern)A F2(/)A F0(string)A F1 +(})A(${)108 458.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(//)A F0(pattern)A F2(/)A +F0(string)A F1(})A(${)108 470.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/#)A F0 +(pattern)A F2(/)A F0(string)A F1(})A(${)108 482.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 +E F2(/%)A F0(pattern)A F2(/)A F0(string)A F1(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 494.4 S +(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F1 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 +E F0(pattern)3.607 E F1 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 506.4 Q F2 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 -(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2(string)144 518.4 Q F0(.)A F2(string) -5.499 E F0(under)2.999 E .499(goes tilde e)-.18 F .499 +(sion.)144 506.4 Q F0 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F1 1.033 +(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F0(pattern) +3.533 E F1(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F0(string)144 518.4 Q F1(.)A F0(string) +5.499 E F1(under)2.999 E .499(goes tilde e)-.18 F .499 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .499(ariable e)-.25 F .499 (xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.137 (command and process substitution, and quote remo)144 530.4 R -.25(va) -.15 G 3.637(l. The).25 F 1.137(match is performed using the rules)3.637 -F .076(described under)144 542.4 R F1 -.1(Pa)2.576 G(tter).1 E 2.576(nM) --.15 G(atching)-2.576 E F0(belo)2.576 E 3.876 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 2.575(nt) +F .076(described under)144 542.4 R F2 -.1(Pa)2.576 G(tter).1 E 2.576(nM) +-.15 G(atching)-2.576 E F1(belo)2.576 E 3.876 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 2.575(nt) .65 G .075(he \214rst form abo)-2.575 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.575(,o).15 G .075(nly the \214rst match is replaced.)-2.575 F .48(If there are tw)144 -554.4 R 2.98(os)-.1 G .48(lashes separating)-2.98 F F2(par)2.98 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(and)2.98 E F2(pattern)2.98 E F0 .48 +554.4 R 2.98(os)-.1 G .48(lashes separating)-2.98 F F0(par)2.98 E +(ameter)-.15 E F1(and)2.98 E F0(pattern)2.98 E F1 .48 (\(the second form abo)2.98 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .48(\), all matches of).15 -F F2(pattern)144 566.4 Q F0 .375(are replaced with)2.875 F F2(string) -2.874 E F0 5.374(.I)C(f)-5.374 E F2(pattern)2.874 E F0 .374 -(is preceded by)2.874 F F1(#)2.874 E F0 .374(\(the third form abo)2.874 +F F0(pattern)144 566.4 Q F1 .375(are replaced with)2.875 F F0(string) +2.874 E F1 5.374(.I)C(f)-5.374 E F0(pattern)2.874 E F1 .374 +(is preceded by)2.874 F F2(#)2.874 E F1 .374(\(the third form abo)2.874 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .374(\), it must match).15 F .088(at the be)144 578.4 R .088(ginning of the e)-.15 F .088(xpanded v)-.15 F .088(alue of)-.25 F -F2(par)2.588 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.088(.I)C(f)-5.088 E F2(pattern)2.588 E -F0 .088(is preceded by)2.588 F F1(%)2.589 E F0 .089(\(the fourth form) +F0(par)2.588 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.088(.I)C(f)-5.088 E F0(pattern)2.588 E +F1 .088(is preceded by)2.588 F F2(%)2.589 E F1 .089(\(the fourth form) 2.589 F(abo)144 590.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .315 (\), it must match at the end of the e).15 F .315(xpanded v)-.15 F .315 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.815 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.315(.I)C 2.815(ft) --5.315 G .315(he e)-2.815 F .315(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(string)2.815 E F0 -(is)2.815 E .398(null, matches of)144 602.4 R F2(pattern)2.898 E F0 .398 -(are deleted.)2.898 F(If)5.398 E F2(string)2.898 E F0 .398 -(is null, matches of)2.898 F F2(pattern)2.898 E F0 .399 -(are deleted and the)2.899 F F1(/)2.899 E F0(fol-)2.899 E(lo)144 614.4 Q -(wing)-.25 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(may be omitted.)2.5 E .95(If the)144 -638.4 R F1(patsub_r)3.45 E(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .95 -(shell option is enabled using)3.45 F F1(shopt)3.45 E F0 3.45(,a)C 1.25 --.15(ny u)-3.45 H .95(nquoted instances of).15 F F1(&)3.45 E F0(in)3.45 -E F2(string)144 650.4 Q F0(are replaced with the matching portion of)2.5 -E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(.)A .749(Quoting an)144 674.4 R 3.249(yp)-.15 G -.749(art of)-3.249 F F2(string)3.249 E F0 .749 +(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.815 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.315(.I)C 2.815(ft) +-5.315 G .315(he e)-2.815 F .315(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(string)2.815 E F1 +(is)2.815 E .398(null, matches of)144 602.4 R F0(pattern)2.898 E F1 .398 +(are deleted.)2.898 F(If)5.398 E F0(string)2.898 E F1 .398 +(is null, matches of)2.898 F F0(pattern)2.898 E F1 .399 +(are deleted and the)2.899 F F2(/)2.899 E F1(fol-)2.899 E(lo)144 614.4 Q +(wing)-.25 E F0(pattern)2.5 E F1(may be omitted.)2.5 E .95(If the)144 +631.2 R F2(patsub_r)3.45 E(eplacement)-.18 E F1 .95 +(shell option is enabled using)3.45 F F2(shopt)3.45 E F1 3.45(,a)C 1.25 +-.15(ny u)-3.45 H .95(nquoted instances of).15 F F2(&)3.45 E F1(in)3.45 +E F0(string)144 643.2 Q F1(are replaced with the matching portion of)2.5 +E F0(pattern)2.5 E F1(.)A .749(Quoting an)144 660 R 3.249(yp)-.15 G .749 +(art of)-3.249 F F0(string)3.249 E F1 .749 (inhibits replacement in the e)3.249 F .75 (xpansion of the quoted portion, including)-.15 F .767 -(replacement strings stored in shell v)144 686.4 R 3.267 -(ariables. Backslash)-.25 F .767(will escape)3.267 F F1(&)3.267 E F0(in) -3.267 E F2(string)3.267 E F0 3.267(;t)C .767(he backslash is)-3.267 F -(remo)144 698.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.668(di).15 G 2.668(no)-2.668 G .169 -(rder to permit a literal)-2.668 F F1(&)2.669 E F0 .169 +(replacement strings stored in shell v)144 672 R 3.267 +(ariables. Backslash)-.25 F .767(will escape)3.267 F F2(&)3.267 E F1(in) +3.267 E F0(string)3.267 E F1 3.267(;t)C .767(he backslash is)-3.267 F +(remo)144 684 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.668(di).15 G 2.668(no)-2.668 G .169 +(rder to permit a literal)-2.668 F F2(&)2.669 E F1 .169 (in the replacement string.)2.669 F .169 (Backslash can also be used to es-)5.169 F 1.429(cape a backslash;)144 -710.4 R F1(\\\\)3.928 E F0 1.428 +696 R F2(\\\\)3.928 E F1 1.428 (results in a literal backslash in the replacement.)3.928 F 1.428 -(Users should tak)6.428 F 3.928(ec)-.1 G 1.428(are if)-3.928 F F2 -(string)144 722.4 Q F0 .292(is double-quoted to a)2.791 F -.2(vo)-.2 G +(Users should tak)6.428 F 3.928(ec)-.1 G 1.428(are if)-3.928 F F0 +(string)144 708 Q F1 .292(is double-quoted to a)2.791 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .292(id unw).2 F .292 -(anted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting,)-.1 F -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(25)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(anted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting,)-.1 F .054 +(since backslash has special meaning within double quotes.)144 720 R +-.15(Pa)5.053 G .053(ttern substitution performs the check).15 F +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(25)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .054 -(since backslash has special meaning within double quotes.)144 84 R -.15 -(Pa)5.053 G .053(ttern substitution performs the check).15 F .069 -(for unquoted)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&)2.569 E F0 .069(after e) -2.569 F(xpanding)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)2.569 E F0 2.569 -(;s)C .069(hell programmers should quote an)-2.569 F 2.57(yo)-.15 G .07 -(ccurrences of)-2.57 F F1(&)2.57 E F0(the)2.57 E(y)-.15 E -.1(wa)144 108 -S 1.113(nt to be tak).1 F 1.112 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .069(for unquoted)144 84 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&) +2.569 E F1 .069(after e)2.569 F(xpanding)-.15 E F0(string)2.569 E F1 +2.569(;s)C .069(hell programmers should quote an)-2.569 F 2.57(yo)-.15 G +.07(ccurrences of)-2.57 F F2(&)2.57 E F1(the)2.57 E(y)-.15 E -.1(wa)144 +96 S 1.113(nt to be tak).1 F 1.112 (en literally in the replacement and ensure an)-.1 F 3.612(yi)-.15 G -1.112(nstances of)-3.612 F F1(&)3.612 E F0(the)3.612 E 3.612(yw)-.15 G -1.112(ant to be re-)-3.712 F(placed are unquoted.)144 120 Q .686(If the) -144 144 R F1(nocasematch)3.186 E F0 .687 +1.112(nstances of)-3.612 F F2(&)3.612 E F1(the)3.612 E 3.612(yw)-.15 G +1.112(ant to be re-)-3.712 F(placed are unquoted.)144 108 Q .686(If the) +144 124.8 R F2(nocasematch)3.186 E F1 .687 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.187 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G .687(rd to the case of).05 F .736(alphabetic characters.)144 -156 R(If)5.736 E F2(par)4.486 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.966 E F1(@)3.236 E -F0(or)3.236 E F1(*)3.236 E F0 3.236(,t)C .736 +136.8 R(If)5.736 E F0(par)4.486 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)3.966 E F2(@)3.236 +E F1(or)3.236 E F2(*)3.236 E F1 3.236(,t)C .736 (he substitution operation is applied to each posi-)-3.236 F .654 -(tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 168 R .654 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.655 E F2(par)4.405 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .655(is an array v)3.885 F(ariable)-.25 E .348 -(subscripted with)144 180 R F1(@)2.848 E F0(or)2.848 E F1(*)2.848 E F0 +(tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 148.8 R .654 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.655 E F0(par)4.405 E +(ameter)-.15 E F1 .655(is an array v)3.885 F(ariable)-.25 E .348 +(subscripted with)144 160.8 R F2(@)2.848 E F1(or)2.848 E F2(*)2.848 E F1 2.848(,t)C .348(he substitution operation is applied to each member of \ -the array in turn,)-2.848 F(and the e)144 192 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 208.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1<00>A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 220.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E -F1<0000>A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 232.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1 -(,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 244.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A -F2(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 256.8 R F0 5.437(.T) +the array in turn,)-2.848 F(and the e)144 172.8 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 189.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2<00>A F0(pattern)A F1(})A(${)108 201.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F2<0000>A F0(pattern)A F1(})A(${)108 213.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2 +(,)A F0(pattern)A F1(})A(${)108 225.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A +F0(pattern)A F1(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 237.6 R F1 5.437(.T) C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 -(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F2(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F2(pattern)144 268.8 Q -F0 .374(is e)2.874 F .374 +(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F0(par) +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F0(pattern)144 249.6 Q +F1 .374(is e)2.874 F .374 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.874 (xpansion. Each)-.15 F .373(character in the e)2.873 F(x-)-.15 E .513 -(panded v)144 280.8 R .513(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 .513(is tested ag)3.013 F(ainst)-.05 E F2(pattern)3.013 E F0 3.013 +(panded v)144 261.6 R .513(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E +F1 .513(is tested ag)3.013 F(ainst)-.05 E F0(pattern)3.013 E F1 3.013 (,a)C .514(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.013 F -.15 -(ve)144 292.8 S 2.658(rted. The).15 F .157 +(ve)144 273.6 S 2.658(rted. The).15 F .157 (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.658 F -5.157(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.157 E F1<00>2.657 E F0 .157(operator con)2.657 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 304.8 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 -F F2(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F1(,)2.681 E F0 +5.157(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.157 E F2<00>2.657 E F1 .157(operator con)2.657 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 285.6 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 +F F0(pattern)2.681 E F1 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F1 .181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181 -(rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .149(to lo)144 316.8 R 2.649 -(wercase. The)-.25 F F1<0000>2.649 E F0(and)2.649 E F1(,,)2.649 E F0 +(rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .149(to lo)144 297.6 R 2.649 +(wercase. The)-.25 F F2<0000>2.649 E F1(and)2.649 E F2(,,)2.649 E F1 -.15(ex)2.649 G .149(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .149 (rt each matched character in the e).15 F .148(xpanded v)-.15 F .148 -(alue; the)-.25 F F1<00>144 328.8 Q F0(and)3.037 E F1(,)3.037 E F0 -.15 +(alue; the)-.25 F F2<00>144 309.6 Q F1(and)3.037 E F2(,)3.037 E F1 -.15 (ex)3.037 G .537(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .538 (rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .538(xpanded v)-.15 F -3.038(alue. If)-.25 F F2(pattern)3.038 E F0(is)3.038 E 1.121 -(omitted, it is treated lik)144 340.8 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F1(?)A F0 3.621 +3.038(alue. If)-.25 F F0(pattern)3.038 E F1(is)3.038 E 1.121 +(omitted, it is treated lik)144 321.6 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F1 3.621 (,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character) -.15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F2(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.35 E -F1(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F1(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12(he case)-3.62 F +.15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F0(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)4.35 E +F2(@)3.62 E F1(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F1 3.62(,t)C 1.12(he case)-3.62 F .339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter i\ -n turn, and the e)144 352.8 R .34(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .25 -(sultant list.)144 364.8 R(If)5.25 E F2(par)4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .25 -(is an array v)3.48 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.749 E -F0(or)2.749 E F1(*)2.749 E F0 2.749(,t)C .249 +n turn, and the e)144 333.6 R .34(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .25 +(sultant list.)144 345.6 R(If)5.25 E F0(par)4 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .25 +(is an array v)3.48 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.749 E +F1(or)2.749 E F2(*)2.749 E F1 2.749(,t)C .249 (he case modi\214cation oper)-2.749 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -376.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 393.6 Q F2(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F1(@)A F2(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 405.6 S -.86(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F +357.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 374.4 Q F0(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F0(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F1(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 386.4 S +.86(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F1 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 -F F2(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 417.6 R -F2(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 -E F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -429.6 Q F1(U)144 453.6 Q F0 .142(The e)180 453.6 R .142 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .142(with lo)2.642 F .143 -(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 465.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G -(rted to uppercase.).15 E F1(u)144 477.6 Q F0 .43(The e)180 477.6 R .43 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .429(with the \214rst character con)2.929 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 489.6 Q -F1(L)144 501.6 Q F0 .124(The e)180 501.6 R .124 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .125(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.625 F -(ters con)180 513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1 -(Q)144 525.6 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 525.6 R 1.065 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 537.6 Q F1(E)144 549.6 Q F0 .44(The e)180 549.6 R -.441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 -F -.15(ex)180 561.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($\010...\010)2.5 E F0 -(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 573.6 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 573.6 R -1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 -(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 585.6 Q F1(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 597.6 Q F0 1.137 -(The e)180 597.6 R 1.138 +F F0(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .154(or information about)144 398.4 R +F0(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F0(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F1 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 +E F0(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F1 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 +410.4 Q F2(U)144 427.2 Q F1 .142(The e)180 427.2 R .142 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F F0(par) +2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .142(with lo)2.642 F .143 +(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 439.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G +(rted to uppercase.).15 E F2(u)144 451.2 Q F1 .43(The e)180 451.2 R .43 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F0(par) +2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .429(with the \214rst character con)2.929 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 463.2 Q +F2(L)144 475.2 Q F1 .124(The e)180 475.2 R .124 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F0(par) +2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .125(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.625 F +(ters con)180 487.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2 +(Q)144 499.2 Q F1 1.065(The e)180 499.2 R 1.065 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F0(par) +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 511.2 Q F2(E)144 523.2 Q F1 .44(The e)180 523.2 R +.441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F0 +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 +F -.15(ex)180 535.2 S(panded as with the).15 E F2<2408>2.5 E F1 1.666 +(...)C F2<08>-1.666 E F1(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 547.2 Q F1 +1.073(The e)180 547.2 R 1.073 +(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 +(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E +F1 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 559.2 Q F2(PR) +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 571.2 Q F1 1.137 +(The e)180 571.2 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F1(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 609.6 Q --.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(K)144 621.6 Q F0 -1.34(Produces a possibly-quoted v)180 621.6 R 1.339(ersion of the v)-.15 -F 1.339(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.839 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.839(,e)C 1.339 -(xcept that it prints the)-3.989 F -.25(va)180 633.6 S .257 +F2(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F1(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 583.2 Q +-.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F0(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(K)144 595.2 Q F1 +1.34(Produces a possibly-quoted v)180 595.2 R 1.339(ersion of the v)-.15 +F 1.339(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.839 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 3.839(,e)C 1.339 +(xcept that it prints the)-3.989 F -.25(va)180 607.2 S .257 (lues of inde).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.757(da).15 G .257(nd associati) -2.757 F .557 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .257(rrays as a sequence of quoted k).15 -F -.15(ey)-.1 G(-v).15 E .257(alue pairs \(see)-.25 F F1(Ar)2.758 E(-) --.37 E(rays)180 645.6 Q F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(a)144 -657.6 Q F0(The e)180 657.6 Q +F -.15(ey)-.1 G(-v).15 E .257(alue pairs \(see)-.25 F F2(Ar)2.758 E(-) +-.37 E(rays)180 619.2 Q F1(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). The).15 F +-.1(ke)2.5 G(ys and v)-.05 E +(alues are quoted in a format that can be reused as input.)-.25 E F2(a) +144 631.2 Q F1(The e)180 631.2 Q (xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E(alues representing) --.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D(ttrib).55 E(utes.) --.2 E F1(k)144 669.6 Q F0(Lik)180 669.6 Q 2.658(et)-.1 G .157 +-.25 E F0(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.1 -.55('s a)D(ttrib).55 E(utes.) +-.2 E F2(k)144 643.2 Q F1(Lik)180 643.2 Q 2.658(et)-.1 G .157 (he K transformation, b)-2.658 F .157(ut e)-.2 F .157(xpands the k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.657(sa).15 G .157(nd v)-2.657 F .157(alues of inde) -.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.657(da).15 G .157(nd associati)-2.657 F .457 --.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 681.6 Q -(ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 698.4 Q F2(par)4.402 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.882 E F1(@)3.152 E F0(or)3.152 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 655.2 Q +(ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 672 Q F0(par)4.402 E +(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)3.882 E F2(@)3.152 E F1(or)3.152 E F2(*)3.153 E F1 3.153(,t)C .653(he operation is applied to each positional parameter in\ turn, and the e)-3.153 F(x-)-.15 E .403(pansion is the resultant list.) -144 710.4 R(If)5.403 E F2(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403 -(is an array v)3.633 F .403(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.903 E -F0(or)2.903 E F1(*)2.903 E F0 2.903(,t)C .402(he opera-)-2.903 F -(tion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -722.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(26)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +144 684 R(If)5.403 E F0(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .403(is an array v) +3.633 F .403(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.903 E F1(or)2.903 E +F2(*)2.903 E F1 2.903(,t)C .402(he opera-)-2.903 F +(tion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 696 +Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e)144 +712.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .708(xpansion as described be-)-.15 +F(lo)144 724.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29) +144.29 E(26)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .708 -(The result of the e)144 84 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .708(xpansion as described be-)-.15 -F(lo)144 96 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Command Substitution) -87 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .324(Command substitution)108 124.8 R -F0(allo)2.824 E .324 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Command Substitution)87 84 Q +F0 .324(Command substitution)108 96 R F1(allo)2.824 E .324 (ws the output of a command to replace the command itself.)-.25 F .323 -(There are tw)5.323 F 2.823(os)-.1 G(tan-)-2.823 E(dard forms:)108 136.8 -Q F1($\()144 153.6 Q F2(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or \(deprecated\))108 -165.6 Q F1<92>144 177.6 Q F2(command)A F1<92>A F0(.)A F1(Bash)108 194.4 -Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 .089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089 +(There are tw)5.323 F 2.823(os)-.1 G(tan-)-2.823 E(dard forms:)108 108 Q +F2($\()144 124.8 Q F0(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F1(or \(deprecated\))108 +136.8 Q F2<92>144 148.8 Q F0(command)A F2<92>A F1(.)A F2(Bash)108 165.6 +Q F1 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuting).15 E F0(command)2.588 E F1 .089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089 (vironment and replacing the command)-.4 F .41 -(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an)108 206.4 +(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an)108 177.6 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .41 -(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)108 218.4 R +(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)108 189.6 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.)-.1 F .192 -(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le)2.692 E F1 -(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 230.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b) -.25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1(\))A F0(.) -A -.4(Wi)108 247.2 S 1.237(th the old-style backquote form of substitut\ +(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F0(\214le)2.692 E F2 +(\))A F1(can be replaced by the equi)108 201.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b) +.25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F2(\))A F1(.) +A -.4(Wi)108 218.4 S 1.237(th the old-style backquote form of substitut\ ion, backslash retains its literal meaning e).4 F 1.237(xcept when fol-) --.15 F(lo)108 259.2 Q .527(wed by)-.25 F F1($)3.027 E F0(,)A F1<92>3.027 -E F0 3.027(,o)C(r)-3.027 E F1(\\)3.027 E F0 5.527(.T)C .528(he \214rst \ +-.15 F(lo)108 230.4 Q .527(wed by)-.25 F F2($)3.027 E F1(,)A F2<92>3.027 +E F1 3.027(,o)C(r)-3.027 E F2(\\)3.027 E F1 5.527(.T)C .528(he \214rst \ backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command substituti\ -on.)-5.527 F .092(When using the $\()108 271.2 R F2(command).833 E F0 +on.)-5.527 F .092(When using the $\()108 242.4 R F0(command).833 E F1 2.592(\)f)1.666 G .092(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak) -2.592 F 2.592(eu)-.1 G 2.592(pt)-2.592 G .092(he command; none are) --2.592 F(treated specially)108 283.2 Q(.)-.65 E -(There is an alternate form of command substitution:)108 300 Q F1(${)144 -316.8 Q F2 2.5(cc)C(ommand)-2.5 E F1 1.666(;})C F0 .639(which e)108 -333.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)3.139 E F0 .639 +-2.592 F(treated specially)108 254.4 Q(.)-.65 E +(There is an alternate form of command substitution:)108 271.2 Q F2(${) +144 288 Q F0 2.5(cc)C(ommand)-2.5 E F2 1.666(;})C F1 .639(which e)108 +304.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F0(command)3.139 E F1 .639 (in the current e)3.139 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cution en).15 F .639 (vironment and captures its output, ag)-.4 F .64(ain with trailing)-.05 -F(ne)108 345.6 Q(wlines remo)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .271 -(The character)108 362.4 R F2(c)2.771 E F0(follo)2.771 E .271 +F(ne)108 316.8 Q(wlines remo)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .271 +(The character)108 333.6 R F0(c)2.771 E F1(follo)2.771 E .271 (wing the open brace must be a space, tab, ne)-.25 F .271(wline, or)-.25 -F F1(|)2.771 E F0 2.771(,a)C .271(nd the close brace must be in)-2.771 F -2.821(ap)108 374.4 S .321(osition where a reserv)-2.821 F .321(ed w)-.15 +F F2(|)2.771 E F1 2.771(,a)C .271(nd the close brace must be in)-2.771 F +2.821(ap)108 345.6 S .321(osition where a reserv)-2.821 F .321(ed w)-.15 F .321(ord may appear \(i.e., preceded by a command terminator such as \ -semicolon\).)-.1 F F1(Bash)108 386.4 Q F0(allo)2.71 E .21 +semicolon\).)-.1 F F2(Bash)108 357.6 Q F1(allo)2.71 E .21 (ws the close brace to be joined to the remaining characters in the w) -.25 F .209(ord without being follo)-.1 F .209(wed by)-.25 F 2.5(as)108 -398.4 S(hell metacharacter as a reserv)-2.5 E(ed w)-.15 E(ord w)-.1 E -(ould usually require.)-.1 E(An)108 415.2 Q 3.384(ys)-.15 G .884(ide ef) --3.384 F .884(fects of)-.25 F F2(command)3.384 E F0(tak)3.384 E 3.384 +369.6 S(hell metacharacter as a reserv)-2.5 E(ed w)-.15 E(ord w)-.1 E +(ould usually require.)-.1 E(An)108 386.4 Q 3.384(ys)-.15 G .884(ide ef) +-3.384 F .884(fects of)-.25 F F0(command)3.384 E F1(tak)3.384 E 3.384 (ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.384 G .884(ect immediately in the current e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .884(cution en).15 F .884(vironment and persist in)-.4 F -(the current en)108 427.2 Q -(vironment after the command completes \(e.g., the)-.4 E F1(exit)2.5 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin will e).2 E(xit the shell\).)-.15 E .221 -(This type of command substitution super\214cially resembles e)108 444 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .221(cuting an unnamed shell function: local v).15 F +(the current en)108 398.4 Q +(vironment after the command completes \(e.g., the)-.4 E F2(exit)2.5 E +F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin will e).2 E(xit the shell\).)-.15 E .221 +(This type of command substitution super\214cially resembles e)108 415.2 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .221(cuting an unnamed shell function: local v).15 F (ari-)-.25 E .172(ables are created as when a shell function is e)108 -456 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .172(cuting, and the).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.672 G(tur) -.18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -.2(bu)2.672 G .172(iltin forces).2 F F2(command)2.672 -E F0 .172(to complete;)2.672 F(ho)108 468 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.521 -.4(r, t).15 H 1.721(he rest of the e).4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.721 -(cution en).15 F 1.721 +427.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .172(cuting, and the).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.672 G +(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 -.2(bu)2.672 G .172(iltin forces).2 F F0(command) +2.672 E F1 .172(to complete;)2.672 F(ho)108 439.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.521 -.4(r, t).15 H 1.721(he rest of the e).4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.721(cution en).15 F 1.721 (vironment, including the positional parameters, is shared with the)-.4 -F(caller)108 480 Q(.)-.55 E .392(If the \214rst character follo)108 -496.8 R .392(wing the open brace is a)-.25 F F1(|)2.892 E F0 2.892(,t)C +F(caller)108 451.2 Q(.)-.55 E .392(If the \214rst character follo)108 +468 R .392(wing the open brace is a)-.25 F F2(|)2.892 E F1 2.892(,t)C .392(he construct e)-2.892 F .392(xpands to the v)-.15 F .392 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(REPL)2.892 E(Y)-.92 E F0(shell)2.892 E -.25(va) -108 508.8 S .505(riable after).25 F F2(command)3.005 E F0 -.15(exe)3.005 -G .505(cutes, without remo).15 F .505(ving an)-.15 F 3.005(yt)-.15 G -.505(railing ne)-3.005 F .505(wlines, and the standard output of)-.25 F -F2(com-)3.005 E(mand)108 520.8 Q F0 1.208 -(remains the same as in the calling shell.)3.708 F F1(Bash)6.208 E F0 -(creates)3.708 E F1(REPL)3.708 E(Y)-.92 E F0 1.208 -(as an initially-unset local v)3.708 F(ariable)-.25 E(when)108 532.8 Q -F2(command)3.514 E F0 -.15(exe)3.514 G 1.014(cutes, and restores).15 F -F1(REPL)3.514 E(Y)-.92 E F0 1.014(to the v)3.514 F 1.014 -(alue it had before the command substitution after)-.25 F F2(command)108 -544.8 Q F0(completes, as with an)2.5 E 2.5(yl)-.15 G(ocal v)-2.5 E -(ariable.)-.25 E .894(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 561.6 R +(alue of the)-.25 F F2(REPL)2.892 E(Y)-.92 E F1(shell)2.892 E -.25(va) +108 480 S .505(riable after).25 F F0(command)3.005 E F1 -.15(exe)3.005 G +.505(cutes, without remo).15 F .505(ving an)-.15 F 3.005(yt)-.15 G .505 +(railing ne)-3.005 F .505(wlines, and the standard output of)-.25 F F0 +(com-)3.005 E(mand)108 492 Q F1 1.208 +(remains the same as in the calling shell.)3.708 F F2(Bash)6.208 E F1 +(creates)3.708 E F2(REPL)3.708 E(Y)-.92 E F1 1.208 +(as an initially-unset local v)3.708 F(ariable)-.25 E(when)108 504 Q F0 +(command)3.514 E F1 -.15(exe)3.514 G 1.014(cutes, and restores).15 F F2 +(REPL)3.514 E(Y)-.92 E F1 1.014(to the v)3.514 F 1.014 +(alue it had before the command substitution after)-.25 F F0(command)108 +516 Q F1(completes, as with an)2.5 E 2.5(yl)-.15 G(ocal v)-2.5 E +(ariable.)-.25 E .894(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 532.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894 (est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 573.6 Q .004 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes,)108 590.4 R F1(bash) -2.504 E F0 .004(does not perform w)2.504 F .004 +(quotes with backslashes.)108 544.8 Q .004 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes,)108 561.6 R F2(bash) +2.504 E F1 .004(does not perform w)2.504 F .004 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion on the results.) -108 602.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 619.2 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 -631.2 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G +108 573.6 Q F2(Arithmetic Expansion)87 590.4 Q F1 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 +602.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 643.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() -144 660 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 676.8 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.736 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.976 E .236 +(The format for arithmetic e)108 614.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F2($\(\() +144 631.2 Q F0 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(\)\))A F1(The)108 648 Q +F0 -.2(ex)2.736 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(under)2.976 E .236 (goes the same e)-.18 F .236 (xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .235 -(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F .42(ters in)108 688.8 R F2 -.2(ex)2.92 G -(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .42(are not treated specially and are remo) +(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F .42(ters in)108 660 R F0 -.2(ex)2.92 G +(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 .42(are not treated specially and are remo) 2.92 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.921(d. All).15 F(tok)2.921 E .421(ens in the e) -.1 F .421(xpression under)-.15 F .421(go parame-)-.18 F 1.21(ter and v) -108 700.8 R 1.21(ariable e)-.25 F 1.209 +108 672 R 1.21(ariable e)-.25 F 1.209 (xpansion, command substitution, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.709(l. The).25 F 1.209(result is treated as the arith-)3.709 F -(metic e)108 712.8 Q(xpression to be e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5 +(metic e)108 684 Q(xpression to be e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5 (luated. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E -1.378(The e)108 729.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +1.378(The e)108 700.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.879 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(27)192.055 E -0 Cg EP +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 +(If)5.879 E F0 -.2(ex)108 712.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(is in)2.74 E +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(prints a message indicating f) +2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(27)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 84 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E --.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 -(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) --.1 E F2(Pr)87 100.8 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F1(Pr)108 112.8 Q .405 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F -2.905(si)-.55 G .405 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)87 84 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F0(Pr)108 96 Q .405(ocess substitution)-.45 F +F1(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 124.8 Q F2(<\()3.25 E F1 -(list)A F2(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F2(>\()3.25 E F1(list)A F2(\)).833 E -F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F1(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 108 Q F2(<\()3.25 E F0 +(list)A F2(\)).833 E F1(or)3.25 E F2(>\()3.25 E F0(list)A F2(\)).833 E +F1 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F0(list)3.251 E F1 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 (nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 136.8 R .148 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 120 R .148 (gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F2(>\()2.647 E F1(list)A F2(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 148.8 R .559 -(vide input for)-.15 F F1(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F2(<\()3.06 E F1(list)A F2(\)).833 E F0 .56 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 160.8 Q .309 -(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F1(list)2.808 E F0 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F2(>\()2.647 E F0(list)A F2(\)).833 E +F1 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 132 R .559 +(vide input for)-.15 F F0(list)3.059 E F1 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G +(he)-3.059 E F2(<\()3.06 E F0(list)A F2(\)).833 E F1 .56 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 144 Q .309 +(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F0(list)2.808 E F1 5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) --5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 172.8 Q F1(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) --2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F2(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 189.6 R -.25(va) +-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 156 Q F0(FIFOs)A F1 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) +-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F2(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F1 +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 172.8 R -.25(va) -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 201.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 --.75(Wo)87 218.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 230.4 R 1.142 +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 184.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 +-.75(Wo)87 201.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F1 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 213.6 R 1.142 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 242.4 Q -F1(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 259.2 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 225.6 Q +F0(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F1(.).22 E .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 242.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(IFS)2.563 E F1 .063(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E(using these characters as \214eld terminators.)108 -271.2 Q(If)108 288 Q F3(IFS)3.083 E F0 .583(is unset, or its v)2.833 F -.582(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F2()3.082 E F0 +254.4 Q(If)108 271.2 Q F3(IFS)3.083 E F1 .583(is unset, or its v)2.833 F +.582(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F2()3.082 E F1 3.082(,t)C .582(he def)-3.082 F .582(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F2 -(space)3.082 E F0(,)A F2(tab)3.082 E F0(,)A(and)108 300 Q F2(newline) -3.626 E F0 1.126(at the be)3.626 F 1.126 +(space)3.082 E F1(,)A F2(tab)3.082 E F1(,)A(and)108 283.2 Q F2(newline) +3.626 E F1 1.126(at the be)3.626 F 1.126 (ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F 1.126(vious e)-.25 F 1.126(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 3.627(ys)-.15 G(e-)-3.627 E -.429(quence of)108 312 R F3(IFS)2.929 E F0 .428 +.429(quence of)108 295.2 R F3(IFS)2.929 E F1 .428 (characters not at the be)2.678 F .428(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .428 -(es to delimit w)-.15 F 2.928(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 -(has a v)2.678 F .428(alue other than)-.25 F .581(the def)108 324 R .581 -(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F2(space)3.081 -E F0(,)A F2(tab)3.081 E F0 3.081(,a)C(nd)-3.081 E F2(newline)3.081 E F0 -.582(are ignored at the be)3.081 F(gin-)-.15 E .008 -(ning and end of the w)108 336 R .007 +(es to delimit w)-.15 F 2.928(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F1 .428 +(has a v)2.678 F .428(alue other than)-.25 F .581(the def)108 307.2 R +.581(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F2(space) +3.081 E F1(,)A F2(tab)3.081 E F1 3.081(,a)C(nd)-3.081 E F2(newline)3.081 +E F1 .582(are ignored at the be)3.081 F(gin-)-.15 E .008 +(ning and end of the w)108 319.2 R .007 (ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .007 -(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.507 E F0(\(an)2.257 E F3(IFS)2.507 E F0 .007 -(whitespace char)2.257 F(-)-.2 E 2.814(acter\). An)108 348 R 2.814(yc) --.15 G .315(haracter in)-2.814 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0 .315(that is not) -2.565 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0 .315(whitespace, along with an)2.565 F 2.815 -(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.815 E F3(IFS)2.815 E F0 .315 -(whitespace characters,)2.565 F(delimits a \214eld.)108 360 Q 2.5(As)5 G -(equence of)-2.5 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0 +(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.507 E F1(\(an)2.257 E F3(IFS)2.507 E F1 .007 +(whitespace char)2.257 F(-)-.2 E 2.814(acter\). An)108 331.2 R 2.814(yc) +-.15 G .315(haracter in)-2.814 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F1 .315(that is not) +2.565 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F1 .315(whitespace, along with an)2.565 F 2.815 +(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.815 E F3(IFS)2.815 E F1 .315 +(whitespace characters,)2.565 F(delimits a \214eld.)108 343.2 Q 2.5(As)5 +G(equence of)-2.5 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F1 (whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter)2.25 E(.)-.55 E -.162(If the v)108 376.8 R .161(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.661 E F0 .161 +.162(If the v)108 360 R .161(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.661 E F1 .161 (is null, no w)2.411 F .161(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 F(If)5.161 E F3 -(IFS)2.661 E F0 .161(is unset, w)2.411 F .161(ord splitting beha)-.1 F +(IFS)2.661 E F1 .161(is unset, w)2.411 F .161(ord splitting beha)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.661(sa).15 G 2.661(si)-2.661 G 2.661(fi)-2.661 G 2.661 -(tc)-2.661 G(ontained)-2.661 E(the def)108 388.8 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue of) --.25 E F2()2.5 E F0(.)A .782(Explicit null ar)108 -405.6 R .782(guments \()-.18 F F2 .833("").833 G F0(or)2.449 E F2 .833 -<0808>4.115 G F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 +(tc)-2.661 G(ontained)-2.661 E(the def)108 372 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue of) +-.25 E F2()2.5 E F1(.)A .782(Explicit null ar)108 +388.8 R .782(guments \()-.18 F F2 .833("").833 G F1(or)2.449 E F2 .833 +<0808>4.115 G F1 3.282(\)a)C .782 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .783 -(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 417.6 R .179 +(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 400.8 R .179 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .179 (xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .479 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.679(ov).15 G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.678(d. If).15 F 2.678 -(ap)2.678 G(a-)-2.678 E .318(rameter with no v)108 429.6 R .319 +(ap)2.678 G(a-)-2.678 E .318(rameter with no v)108 412.8 R .319 (alue is e)-.25 F .319(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F .319(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F .001 -(to a command as an empty string.)108 441.6 R .001 +(to a command as an empty string.)108 424.8 R .001 (When a quoted null ar)5.001 F(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 E -(ord whose e)-.1 E(xpansion)-.15 E .983(is non-null, the null ar)108 -453.6 R .983(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F -.983(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -5.167 -3.483 F F0(becomes)3.484 E F43.484 E F0 .984(after w)3.484 F .984 -(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 465.6 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) --.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 482.4 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 499.2 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 511.2 R .371 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F22.871 E F0 .371 -(option has been set,)2.871 F F2(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F -.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F2(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F2(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 -(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F2([)2.87 E F0(.)A .633 +(ord whose e)-.1 E(xpansion)-.15 E .592(is non-null, the null ar)108 +436.8 R .593(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.093(d. That).15 F +.593(is, the w)3.093 F .593<6f72642099ad6408>-.1 F .593 +(\010\232 becomes \231\255d\232 after w).833 F .593(ord splitting and) +-.1 F(null ar)108 448.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E +(Note that if no e)108 465.6 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 482.4 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F1 .371(After w)108 494.4 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F22.871 E F1 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F2(bash)2.871 E F1 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F2(*)2.87 E F1(,)A F2(?)2.87 E F1 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F2([)2.87 E F1(.)A .633 (If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the w)108 -523.2 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .634(rded as a).05 F F1 -(pattern)4.384 E F0 3.134(,a).24 G .634(nd replaced)-3.134 F 1.34(with \ +506.4 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .634(rded as a).05 F F0 +(pattern)4.384 E F1 3.134(,a).24 G .634(nd replaced)-3.134 F 1.34(with \ an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see) -108 535.2 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E -F0(belo)3.589 E 3.839(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.839 E .534 -(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 547.2 R F2 -(nullglob)3.034 E F0 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.535 E(the)108 559.2 Q F2(nullglob) -3.285 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.285 F +108 518.4 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E +F1(belo)3.589 E 3.839(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.839 E .534 +(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 530.4 R F2 +(nullglob)3.034 E F1 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534 +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.535 E(the)108 542.4 Q F2(nullglob) +3.285 E F1 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.285 F .785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.284 E F2 -(failglob)3.284 E F0 .784(shell option is)3.284 F .754(set, and no matc\ +(failglob)3.284 E F1 .784(shell option is)3.284 F .754(set, and no matc\ hes are found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 -571.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.255(cuted. If).15 F .755(the shell)3.255 F -(option)108 583.2 Q F2(nocaseglob)3.264 E F0 .763 +554.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.255(cuted. If).15 F .755(the shell)3.255 F +(option)108 566.4 Q F2(nocaseglob)3.264 E F1 .763 (is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.264 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.763(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 -(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 595.2 R .039 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .039(at the start of a name or immediately fol-)5.039 F(lo)108 -607.2 Q .191(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E +.763(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .309 +(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 578.4 R .309(xpansion, the c\ +haracter \231.\232 at the start of a name or immediately fol-)-.15 F(lo) +108 590.4 Q .191(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.691(,u)-.65 G .191(nless the shell option)-2.691 F F2(dotglob)2.69 E -F0 .19(is set.)2.69 F .19(In order to match the \214le-)5.19 F(names)108 -619.2 Q F2 -.63(``)3.644 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.144 E F2 -.63 -(``)3.644 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 3.644(,t).63 G 1.145 -(he pattern must be)-3.644 F 1.145(gin with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E 2.625 --.74('' \()-.7 H 1.145(for e).74 F 1.145(xample, `)-.15 F(`.?')-.74 E -1.145('\), e)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.645(ni).15 G(f)-3.645 E F2(dotglob) -3.645 E F0 1.145(is set.)3.645 F 1.145(If the)6.145 F F2(globskipdots) -108 631.2 Q F0 .154(shell option is enabled, the \214lenames)2.654 F F2 --.63(``)2.654 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.154 E F2 -.63(``)2.654 G -(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .153(are ne)5.783 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.653(rm) -.15 G .153(atched, e)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.653(ni).15 G 2.653(ft) --2.653 G .153(he pattern be-)-2.653 F .12(gins with a)108 643.2 R F2 --.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5.12(.W)C .12 -(hen not matching pathnames, the)-5.12 F F2 -.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G -(')-.08 E F0 .12(character is not treated specially)5.12 F 5.12(.W)-.65 -G .12(hen matching)-5.12 F 3.541(ap)108 655.2 S 1.041 -(athname, the slash character must al)-3.541 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.041 -(ys be matched e).1 F 1.04(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F -1.04(ut in other)-.2 F .131(matching conte)108 667.2 R .132 -(xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo) --.15 F 2.632(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.632 E F3 -.09(Pa)2.632 G(tter).09 E 2.382 -(nM)-.135 G(atch-)-2.382 E(ing)108 679.2 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.606(See the description of)5.106 F F2(shopt)3.106 E F0(belo)3.106 E -3.106(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.106 E F3 .606(SHELL B)3.106 F(UIL)-.09 E .606 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .605(for a description of the)2.855 F F2(no-) -3.105 E(caseglob)108 691.2 Q F0(,)A F2(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F2 -(globskipdots)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 -(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 708 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.561 -E F0 .061(shell v)2.311 F .061 +F1 .19(is set.)2.69 F .19(In order to match the \214le-)5.19 F .528 +(names \231.\232 and \231..\232, the pattern must be)108 602.4 R .528 +(gin with \231.\232 \(for e)-.15 F .528(xample, \231.?\232\), e)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.028(ni).15 G(f)-3.028 E F2(dotglob)3.028 E F1 .528 +(is set.)3.028 F .528(If the)5.528 F F2(glob-)3.028 E(skipdots)108 614.4 +Q F1 .057 +(shell option is enabled, the \214lenames \231.\232 and \231..\232 ne) +2.557 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.556(rm).15 G .056(atch, e)-2.556 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.556(ni).15 G 2.556(ft)-2.556 G .056(he pattern be)-2.556 F .056 +(gins with a \231.\232)-.15 F .627(When not matching pathnames, the \ +\231.\232 character is not treated specially)108 626.4 R 5.628(.W)-.65 G +.628(hen matching a pathname, the)-5.628 F .045(slash character must al) +108 638.4 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .045(ys be matched e).1 F .045 +(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .045 +(ut in other matching conte)-.2 F .045(xts it)-.15 F .371 +(can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo)108 +650.4 R 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E F3 -.09(Pa)2.871 G(tter).09 E +2.621(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.621 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .371 +(See the descrip-)4.871 F .978(tion of)108 662.4 R F2(shopt)3.478 E F1 +(belo)3.478 E 3.478(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.478 E F3 .978(SHELL B)3.478 F(UIL) +-.09 E .978(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1 .977(for a description of the)3.228 +F F2(nocaseglob)3.477 E F1(,)A F2(nullglob)3.477 E F1(,)A F2 +(globskipdots)108 674.4 Q F1(,)A F2(failglob)2.5 E F1 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E +F2(dotglob)2.5 E F1(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 691.2 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE) +2.561 E F1 .061(shell v)2.311 F .061 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F1(pattern)3.812 E F0 5.062(.I).24 G(f)-5.062 E F3(GLO-)2.562 E -(BIGNORE)108 720 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that also\ - matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) -4.264 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(28)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +F F0(pattern)3.812 E F1 5.062(.I).24 G(f)-5.062 E F3(GLO-)2.562 E +(BIGNORE)108 703.2 Q F1 1.096(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)3.347 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.596 E F1 1.096 +(is re-)3.346 F(mo)108 715.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.85(df).15 G .351 +(rom the list of matches.)-2.85 F .351(If the)5.351 F F2(nocaseglob) +2.851 E F1 .351(option is set, the matching ag)2.851 F .351 +(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F3(GLO-)2.851 E(BIGNORE)108 727.2 Q F1 +2.165(is performed without re)4.415 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.164(rd to case.) +.05 F 2.164(The \214lenames \231.\232 and \231..\232 are al)7.164 F -.1 +(wa)-.1 G 2.164(ys ignored when).1 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(28)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remo)108 84 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G 1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415 -(If the)6.415 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415 -(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 -F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 .147 -(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F -.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.146 E F1 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 -(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 -108 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 84 Q F1 .827 +(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.627 +-.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F1 .827 (to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F -.683(enabling the)108 120 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 132 Q 1.184 -(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 --.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E -F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185(one of the patterns in) -6.185 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 144 Q -F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2 -(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 156 Q F1 -(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E(The)108 172.8 Q F2(GLOBSOR)2.5 E -(T)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable controls ho).25 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G -(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E(xpansion are sorted, as described abo) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 189.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM) --.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 206.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter t\ -hat appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern characters des\ -cribed belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.722 -(itself. The)108 218.4 R .221(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) -2.722 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .221 -(wing character; the es-)-.25 F .418 -(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 230.4 R .418 +.065(enabling the)108 96 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dotglob)2.565 E F1 .065 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)2.565 F .065 +(ginning with a Q . will match.)-.15 F 1.665 -.8(To g)5.065 H .065 +(et the old be-).8 F(ha)108 108 Q .81(vior of ignoring \214lenames be) +-.2 F .81(ginning with a \231.\232, mak)-.15 F 3.31<6599>-.1 G 3.31 +(.*\232 one)-3.31 F .811(of the patterns in)3.311 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.311 +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(The)5.311 E F3(dotglob)108 120 Q F1 .854 +(option is disabled when)3.354 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.354 E F1 .854 +(is unset.)3.104 F .853(The pattern matching honors the setting of the) +5.854 F F3(extglob)108 132 Q F1(shell option.)2.5 E(The)108 148.8 Q F2 +(GLOBSOR)2.5 E(T)-.36 E F1 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable controls ho).25 E 2.5 +(wt)-.25 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E +(xpansion are sorted, as described abo)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3 +-.1(Pa)108 165.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F1(An)108 +182.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other \ +than the special pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65 +(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.722(itself. The)108 194.4 R .221 +(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)2.722 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221 +(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .221(wing character; the es-)-.25 F +.418(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 206.4 R .418 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.919(ya) --.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 242.4 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 259.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 276 Q F0 .377(Matches an) -180 276 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 -F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 -(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 288 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 +-.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 218.4 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 235.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3(*)144 252 Q F1 .377(Matches an) +180 252 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 +F .376(When the)5.376 F F3(globstar)2.876 E F1 .376 +(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 264 Q F3(*)3.275 E F1 .775 (is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) --.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 +-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F3(*)3.275 E F1 3.275(su)C .775 (sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\ - or more directories and subdirectories.)180 300 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 -F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 312 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G -(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 324 Q F0 -(Matches an)180 324 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -([...])144 336 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 336 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 348 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E -3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) --3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F -3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 360 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G -1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213 -(If the)6.213 F .978(\214rst character follo)180 372 R .978(wing the) --.25 F F1([)3.478 E F0 .978(is a)3.478 F F1(!)3.478 E F0 .978(or a)5.978 -F F1<00>3.478 E F0 .977(then an)3.478 F 3.477(yc)-.15 G .977 + or more directories and subdirectories.)180 276 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 +F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F3(/)3.558 E F1(,)A(tw)180 288 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G +(djacent)-2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F1 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F3(?)144 300 Q F1 +(Matches an)180 300 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 +([)144 312 Q F1 1.666(...)C F3(])-1.666 E F1 .578(Matches an)180 312 R +3.078(yo)-.15 G .578(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap) +5.579 G .579(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E +.685(denotes a)180 324 R F0 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F1 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 +(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G +.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 +G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 +(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) +6.213 F .978(\214rst character follo)180 348 R .978(wing the)-.25 F F3 +([)3.478 E F1 .978(is a)3.478 F F3(!)3.478 E F1 .978(or a)5.978 F F3<00> +3.478 E F1 .977(then an)3.478 F 3.477(yc)-.15 G .977 (haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.477 F 1.044 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 384 R 1.045 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 360 R 1.045 (xpressions, and the characters included in the)-.15 F 2.34 -(range, are determined by the current locale and the v)180 396 R 2.34 -(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)4.84 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)4.59 E F2 -(LC_ALL)180 408 Q F0 1.078(shell v)3.328 F 1.078(ariables, if set.)-.25 +(range, are determined by the current locale and the v)180 372 R 2.34 +(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)4.84 E(TE)-.855 E F1(or)4.59 E F2 +(LC_ALL)180 384 Q F1 1.078(shell v)3.328 F 1.078(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 2.679 -.8(To o)6.079 H 1.079 (btain the traditional interpretation of range e).8 F(xpres-)-.15 E .393 -(sions, where)180 420 R F1([a\255d])2.893 E F0 .393(is equi)2.893 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .393(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.893 E F0 2.893(,s)C .393(et v) --2.893 F .393(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_ALL)2.892 E F0 .392(shell v)2.892 -F .392(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.892 E F0(,)A .899(or enable the)180 432 -R F1(globasciiranges)3.399 E F0 .899(shell option.)3.399 F(A)5.899 E F1 -3.399 E F0 .9(may be matched by including it as the)3.399 F .405 -(\214rst or last character in the set.)180 444 R(A)5.405 E F1(])2.905 E -F0 .405(may be matched by including it as the \214rst character)2.905 F -(in the set.)180 456 Q -.4(Wi)180 474 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and) -3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes) --.15 F F0 .571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E -F4(class)A F1(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F4(class)3.071 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 486 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 498 R 5.889 -(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 510 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.289(Ac)180 522 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) --.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 --.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 534 Q -.4(Wi) -180 552 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 564 R -(the character)180 576 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 594 S(thin).4 E F1 -([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 -E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol) -2.5 E F0(.)A .54(If the)108 610.8 R F1(extglob)3.04 E F0 .54 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.04 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu) +(sions, where)180 396 R F3([a\255d])2.893 E F1 .393(is equi)2.893 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .393(lent to).25 F F3([abcd])2.893 E F1 2.893(,s)C .393(et v) +-2.893 F .393(alue of the)-.25 F F3(LC_ALL)2.892 E F1 .392(shell v)2.892 +F .392(ariable to)-.25 F F3(C)2.892 E F1(,)A .899(or enable the)180 408 +R F3(globasciiranges)3.399 E F1 .899(shell option.)3.399 F(A)5.899 E F3 +3.399 E F1 .9(may be matched by including it as the)3.399 F .405 +(\214rst or last character in the set.)180 420 R(A)5.405 E F3(])2.905 E +F1 .405(may be matched by including it as the \214rst character)2.905 F +(in the set.)180 432 Q -.4(Wi)180 448.8 S(thin).4 E F3([)3.07 E F1(and) +3.07 E F3(])3.07 E F1(,)A F0 -.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes) +-.15 F F1 .571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F3([:)3.071 E +F0(class)A F3(:])A F1 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F0(class)3.071 E F1 +(is one of the follo)180 460.8 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F3 5.889 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 477.6 R 5.889 +(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 489.6 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F +F1 4.289(Ac)180 506.4 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289 +(yc)-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E +F3 -.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F1(character)4.29 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 518.4 Q -.4(Wi) +180 535.2 S(thin).4 E F3([)4.537 E F1(and)4.537 E F3(])4.537 E F1 4.537 +(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F0 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F1 2.036 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F3([=)4.536 E F0(c)A F3(=]) +A F1 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 547.2 R +(the character)180 559.2 Q F0(c)2.5 E F1(.)A -.4(Wi)180 576 S(thin).4 E +F3([)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F3(])2.5 E F1 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F3([.) +2.5 E F0(symbol)A F3(.])A F1(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F0 +(symbol)2.5 E F1(.)A .54(If the)108 592.8 R F3(extglob)3.04 E F1 .54 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.04 F F3(shopt)3.039 E F1 -.2(bu) 3.039 G .539(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .539 (ral e).15 F .539(xtended pattern)-.15 F .037(matching operators.)108 -622.8 R .037(In the follo)5.037 F .037(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 -(pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .038 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 634.8 Q F1 -(|)2.5 E F0 5(.C)C +604.8 R .037(In the follo)5.037 F .037(wing description, a)-.25 F F0 +(pattern-list)2.538 E F1 .038 +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 616.8 Q F3 +(|)2.5 E F1 5(.C)C (omposite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)-5 E -(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 658.8 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 670.8 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 682.8 Q F4 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 694.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 706.8 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 718.8 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(29)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F3(?\()144 633.6 Q F0(pattern-list).833 E F3 +(\)).833 E F1(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 645.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F3(*\()144 657.6 Q F0 +(pattern-list).833 E F3(\)).833 E F1 +(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 669.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F3(+\()144 681.6 Q F0(pattern-list).833 E F3 +(\)).833 E F1(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 693.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F3(@\()144 705.6 Q F0 +(pattern-list).833 E F3(\)).833 E F1(Matches one of the gi)180 717.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(29)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(@\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E -F0(Matches one of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns) --2.5 E F1(!\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches an)180 120 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(The)108 136.8 Q F1(extglob)2.792 -E F0 .292(option changes the beha)2.792 F .291(vior of the parser)-.2 F -2.791(,s)-.4 G .291(ince the parentheses are normally treated as opera-) --2.791 F .104(tors with syntactic meaning.)108 148.8 R 1.704 -.8(To e) -5.104 H .105(nsure that e).8 F .105 -(xtended matching patterns are parsed correctly)-.15 F 2.605(,m)-.65 G -(ak)-2.605 E 2.605(es)-.1 G .105(ure that)-2.605 F F1(extglob)108 160.8 -Q F0 1.355(is enabled before parsing constructs containing the patterns\ -, including shell functions and com-)3.855 F(mand substitutions.)108 -172.8 Q .988(When matching \214lenames, the)108 189.6 R F1(dotglob)3.488 -E F0 .988 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!\()144 84 Q F0(pattern-list) +.833 E F2(\)).833 E F1(Matches an)180 96 Q(ything e)-.15 E +(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E +(The)108 112.8 Q F2(extglob)2.792 E F1 .292(option changes the beha) +2.792 F .291(vior of the parser)-.2 F 2.791(,s)-.4 G .291 +(ince the parentheses are normally treated as opera-)-2.791 F .104 +(tors with syntactic meaning.)108 124.8 R 1.704 -.8(To e)5.104 H .105 +(nsure that e).8 F .105(xtended matching patterns are parsed correctly) +-.15 F 2.605(,m)-.65 G(ak)-2.605 E 2.605(es)-.1 G .105(ure that)-2.605 F +F2(extglob)108 136.8 Q F1 1.355(is enabled before parsing constructs co\ +ntaining the patterns, including shell functions and com-)3.855 F +(mand substitutions.)108 148.8 Q .988(When matching \214lenames, the)108 +165.6 R F2(dotglob)3.488 E F1 .988 (shell option determines the set of \214lenames that are tested: when) -3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 201.6 Q F0 1.392 -(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.892 F -1.392(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 3.891(,b).74 G 1.391 -(ut `)-4.091 F(`.)-.74 E 2.871 -.74('' a)-.7 H 1.391(nd `).74 F(`..)-.74 -E 2.871 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.391(ust be).74 F .298 -(matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 213.6 R .298 +3.488 F F2(dotglob)108 177.6 Q F1 1.769 +(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)4.269 F +1.768(ginning with \231.\232, b)-.15 F 1.768 +(ut \231.\232 and \231..\232 must be)-.2 F .298 +(matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 189.6 R .298 (gins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include an)-.15 -F(y)-.15 E .328(\214lenames be)108 225.6 R .328(ginning with `)-.15 F -(`.)-.74 E 1.808 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327 -(nless the pattern or sub-pattern be).74 F .327(gins with a `)-.15 F(`.) --.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 5.327(.A).74 G 2.827(sa)-5.327 G(bo)-2.827 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.827(,`).15 G(`.)-3.567 E 1.807 -.74('' o)-.7 H .327 -(nly has a).74 F(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 237.6 Q -.968(Complicated e)108 254.4 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F -.968(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 +F(y)-.15 E .704(\214lenames be)108 201.6 R .704 +(ginning with \231.\232 unless the pattern or sub-pattern be)-.15 F .704 +(gins with a \231.\232.)-.15 F .704(As abo)5.704 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204 +<2c99>.15 G .703(.\232 only has a)-3.204 F +(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 213.6 Q .968 +(Complicated e)108 230.4 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 +(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 (specially when the patterns contain).65 F .091 -(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 266.4 R .091 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 242.4 R .091 (Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .09(ainst shorter strings, or us-) -.05 F(ing arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f) -108 278.4 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 295.2 Q -.1(va)-.1 G -(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 307.2 R 1.112 -(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 319.2 Q .3 +108 254.4 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(Quote Remo)87 271.2 Q -.1(va)-.1 G +(l).1 E F1 1.112(After the preceding e)108 283.2 R 1.112 +(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F2(\\) +3.613 E F1(,)A F2<08>3.613 E F1 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F2(")4.446 E F1 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 295.2 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 336 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 -(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E -(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .428 -(by the shell.)108 360 R F2(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F0(allo)2.928 E +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 312 Q F1 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 324 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F0 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +(ected)-.37 E F1 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .428 +(by the shell.)108 336 R F0(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F1(allo)2.928 E .428(ws commands' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made\ - to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 372 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change t\ + to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 348 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change t\ he \214les the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 (Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 384 R -.15(xe) +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 360 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108 -396 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .862(simple command)3.702 F F0 .862 -(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G F2(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R).77 G -.862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 408 Q 2.5 +372 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F0 .862(simple command)3.702 F F1 .862 +(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G F0(command).2 E F1 5.862(.R).77 G +.862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 384 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 424.8 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) -108 436.8 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +stead be preceded by a w)108 400.8 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) +108 412.8 R F0(varname)A F1 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 448.8 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 424.8 S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 -F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 460.8 Q -F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 -(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 -(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F .793(persists be)108 472.8 R .793 +F F0(varname)3.179 E F1 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F0(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 436.8 Q +F1 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F0(varname)3.1 E F1 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F0 +(varname)A F1 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F .793(persists be)108 448.8 R .793 (yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F .794 (wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor')-.25 F(s) --.55 E(lifetime manually)108 484.8 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1(va)2.5 G -(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha)2.5 E(vior) --.2 E(.)-.55 E .284(In the follo)108 501.6 R .283(wing descriptions, if\ +-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 460.8 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F2 -.1(va)2.5 G +(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F1(shell option manages this beha)2.5 E(vior) +-.2 E(.)-.55 E .448(In the follo)108 477.6 R .447(wing descriptions, if\ the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst character of \ -the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 513.6 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 -3.012(,t)C .512 +the redirec-)-.25 F .365(tion operator is)108 489.6 R F2(<)2.865 E F1 +2.865(,t)C .366 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) --3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 525.6 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +-2.865 F .366(If the \214rst character of the)5.366 F +(redirection operator is)108 501.6 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 542.4 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 518.4 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 -(jected to brace e)108 554.4 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 530.4 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 566.4 R +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 542.4 R .867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 578.4 S(rd,).1 E F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 595.2 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 612 Q F1(>)2.5 E -F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 628.8 -Q F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 -645.6 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .505 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 662.4 R F2(dirlist)3.355 -E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 554.4 S(rd,).1 E F2 +(bash)2.5 E F1(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 571.2 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 588 Q F2(>)2.5 E +F1(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F1(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 604.8 +Q F0(dirlist)2.85 E F1 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 +621.6 Q F2(>&)A F1(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F1(dirlist)2.5 E .505 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 638.4 R F0(dirlist)3.355 +E F1 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 674.4 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 691.2 Q F0 .599(handles se) +(output before the standard output w)108 650.4 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F0(dirlist)2.85 E F1(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 667.2 Q F1 .599(handles se) 3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo) --3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 703.2 R .977 -(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 679.2 R .977 +(the operating system on which)3.477 F F2(bash)3.478 E F1 .978 (is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 715.2 Q +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 691.2 Q (vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(30)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(30)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)A F0(If)180 96 Q -F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G -(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 108 -Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de) -144 132 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 144 Q -F1(/de)144 156 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 -168 Q F1(/de)144 180 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If) -180 192 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F0 +(fd)A F1(If)180 96 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger) +-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F0(fd)2.5 E F1 +(is duplicated.)2.5 E F2(/de)144 108 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F1 +(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F2(/de)144 132 Q(v/stdout) +-.15 E F1(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F2(/de)144 156 Q +(v/stderr)-.15 E F1(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 168 Q F2(/de) +144 180 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F0(host)A F2(/)A F0(port)A F1(If)180 192 Q F0 +(host)2.997 E F1 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F0(port)2.996 E F1 .496 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 204 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -216 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 228 Q F2(host) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(vice name,)180 204 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F1 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F2(/de)144 +216 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F0(host)A F2(/)A F0(port)A F1(If)180 228 Q F0(host) +2.996 E F1 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F0(port)2.997 E F1 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 240 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 240 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F1 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 256.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) -2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 273.6 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045 (ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F -(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 285.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -302.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 285.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87 +302.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F1 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 314.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 326.4 Q F2 -(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 +108 314.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F1 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 326.4 Q F0 +(n)2.86 E F1 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F0(n)2.86 E F1 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 343.2 Q([)144 360 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 376.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .175 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 343.2 Q([)144 360 Q F0 +(n)A F1(])A F2(<)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 376.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F1 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 388.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +108 388.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F1 .174 (to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 400.8 -R F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0 +R F0(n)2.943 E F1 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F0(n)2.943 E F1 .083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F (x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 412.8 Q (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 429.6 Q([)144 446.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 475.2 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 487.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C -2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E -F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 -(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 +F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 463.2 R F2(>)2.655 E F1 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F2(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F1 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F2(set)2.654 E F1 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .076(will f)108 475.2 R +.076(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .076 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)2.576 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.15(ex)2.576 G .076 +(ists and is a re).15 F .077(gular \214le.)-.15 F .077(If the redirec-) +5.077 F .548(tion operator is)108 487.2 R F2(>|)3.048 E F1 3.048(,o)C +3.048(rt)-3.048 G .548(he redirection operator is)-3.048 F F2(>)3.047 E +F1 .547(and the)3.047 F F2(noclob)3.047 E(ber)-.1 E F1 .547 +(option to the)3.047 F F2(set)3.047 E F1 -.2(bu)3.047 G .547 +(iltin command is).2 F(not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 499.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) --2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -516 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +-2.5 E F0(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 +516 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F1 .641 (Redirection of output in this f)108 528 R .642 (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .455 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 540 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F1 .642(to be)3.912 F .455 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 540 R F0(n)3.315 E F1 2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.314 E F0 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F0(n)3.314 E F1 .454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108 552 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E (The general format for appending output is:)108 568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 602.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>>)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 602.4 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F1 .248 (This construct allo)108 614.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -626.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +626.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1(.).77 E (There are tw)108 643.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G -(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 660 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 672 Q F1(>&)144 684 Q F2(wor) -A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 700.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2 +(&>)144 660 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(and)108 672 Q F2(>&)144 684 Q F0(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F1(Of the tw)108 700.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 717.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(31) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 717.6 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(2)2.5 +E F2(>&)A F1(1)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(31)193.45 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .115 -(When using the second form,)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.614 -E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td) --2.614 G .114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 -96 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .115(When using the second form,)108 84 R F0(wor) +2.614 E(d)-.37 E F1 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) +-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.614 E F1 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G +2.614(td)-2.614 G .114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F +(apply \(see)108 96 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F1(belo)2.5 +E(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F1 .248 (This construct allo)108 124.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -136.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +136.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -153.6 Q F2(&>>)144 170.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +153.6 Q F2(&>>)144 170.4 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 (This is semantically equi)108 187.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(>>)144 204 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 -220.8 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E -F2(Her)87 237.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ -irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ -l a line containing only)108 249.6 R F1(delimiter)108.35 261.6 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 -(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 273.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E -F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 290.4 Q([)144 307.2 Q F1(n)A F0(]) -A F2(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 319.2 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 331.2 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 +(>>)144 204 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F1(1)A(\(see)108 +220.8 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E +F2(Her)87 237.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F1 .211(This type of re\ +direction instructs the shell to read input from the current source unt\ +il it reads a line contain-)108 249.6 R .323(ing only)108 261.6 R F0 +(delimiter)3.173 E F1 .323(\(with no trailing blanks\).)3.553 F .323 +(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.323 +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 273.6 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(if)2.5 E +F0(n)2.5 E F1(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 290.4 Q([)144 307.2 Q F0(n)A F1(]) +A F2(<<)A F1([)A F2A F1(])A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 319.2 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 331.2 Q F1 .302(No parameter and v)108 348 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E(is performed on)108 360 -Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E .052(If an)108 376.8 R 2.552(yp)-.15 -G .052(art of)-2.552 F F1(wor)2.892 E(d)-.37 E F0 .052(is quoted, the) -3.322 F F1(delimiter)2.902 E F0 .052(is the result of quote remo)3.282 F --.25(va)-.15 G 2.552(lo).25 G(n)-2.552 E F1(wor)2.892 E(d)-.37 E F0 +Q F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1(.).77 E .052(If an)108 376.8 R 2.552(yp)-.15 +G .052(art of)-2.552 F F0(wor)2.892 E(d)-.37 E F1 .052(is quoted, the) +3.322 F F0(delimiter)2.902 E F1 .052(is the result of quote remo)3.282 F +-.25(va)-.15 G 2.552(lo).25 G(n)-2.552 E F0(wor)2.892 E(d)-.37 E F1 2.553(,a).77 G .053(nd the lines in the here-)-2.553 F .028 -(document are not e)108 388.8 R 2.528(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)2.528 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .028(is unquoted, the)2.528 F F1(delimiter)2.878 E F0(is) -3.258 E F1(wor)2.528 E(d)-.37 E F0 .027 +(document are not e)108 388.8 R 2.528(xpanded. If)-.15 F F0(wor)2.528 E +(d)-.37 E F1 .028(is unquoted, the)2.528 F F0(delimiter)2.878 E F1(is) +3.258 E F0(wor)2.528 E(d)-.37 E F1 .027 (itself, all lines of the here-document)2.527 F 1.194 (are subjected to parameter e)108 400.8 R 1.194 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195 (xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 412.8 Q F2(\\) -2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 -(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 429.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +2.5 E F1(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F1 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F1(,)A F2($)2.5 +E F1 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F1(.)A .602 +(If the redirection operator is)108 429.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F1 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 441.6 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 441.6 Q F0(delimiter)2.85 E F1 5 (.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 458.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 458.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F1 2.5(Av)108 470.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 487.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 504 Q F1 -(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +144 487.2 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<<<)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(The)108 504 Q F0 +(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F1(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 516 S 1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F @@ -4179,77 +4228,77 @@ E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 (ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 (supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 528 R .375(wline appended, \ to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)108 -540 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 556.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 +540 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(if)2.5 E F0(n)2.5 E F1(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2 +(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 556.8 Q F1(The redirection operator)108 +568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<&)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 .127 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 602.4 R(If)5.127 E -F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +F0(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -614.4 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +614.4 Q F0(n)3.317 E F1 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G 2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F0(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F1 .458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 626.4 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F22.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 626.4 R(If)5.15 E F0(wor) +2.99 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F22.65 E F1 +2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F0(n)3.009 E F1 .149 +(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F0(n)3.009 E F1 .149(is not speci\214ed,) 2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 638.4 Q -(The operator)108 655.2 Q([)144 672 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .443 +(The operator)108 655.2 Q([)144 672 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>&)A F0(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F1 .443 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 688.8 R -(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(If)5.443 E F0(n)3.304 E F1 .444 (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 700.8 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F1(wor)3.406 -E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \ -a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 712.8 R F1(wor)3.543 -E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F23.203 E F0 -3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 -(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.204 E F0 -.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F1(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E +(tor 1\) is used.)108 700.8 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F0(wor)3.406 +E(d)-.37 E F1 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \ +a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 712.8 R F0(wor)3.543 +E(d)-.37 E F1 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F23.203 E F1 +3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F0(n)3.563 E F1 .703 +(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F0(n)3.204 E F1 +.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F0(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F1(does)3.204 E .966(not e)108 724.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 -3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 +3.466 E F1 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(32)192.055 E 0 -Cg EP +-3.466 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(32)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(pre)108 84 Q -(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mo)87 100.8 Q -(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 112.8 Q([) -144 129.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1 -A F0(mo)108 146.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517 -(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F2(digit)3.017 E F0 .517 -(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F2(n)3.377 E F0 3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt) --3.017 G .518(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F2 -(n)3.018 E F0 .518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 158.4 Q F2(digit)5 -E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(pre)108 84 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mo)87 100.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F1 +(The redirection operator)108 112.8 Q([)144 129.6 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<&) +A F0(digit)A F2A F1(mo)108 146.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G +.517(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F0(digit)3.017 E F1 .517 +(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F0(n)3.377 E F1 3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt) +-3.017 G .518(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F0 +(n)3.018 E F1 .518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 158.4 Q F0(digit)5 +E F1(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F0(n)2.5 E F1(.)A (Similarly)108 175.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) -144 192 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 208.8 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F2 -(digit)2.768 E F0 .268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F2(n)3.128 E F0 +144 192 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>&)A F0(digit)A F2A F1(mo)108 208.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F0 +(digit)2.768 E F1 .268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F0(n)3.128 E F1 2.768(,o).24 G 2.768(rt)-2.768 G .267 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F F2(n)2.767 E F0 -.267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 220.8 Q F1 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 237.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 249.6 Q([)144 266.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) -A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -283.2 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F F0(n)2.767 E F1 +.267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 220.8 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 237.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F1 +(The redirection operator)108 249.6 Q([)144 266.4 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<>) +A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +283.2 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F1 .518 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F -(scriptor)108 295.2 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5 -<6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 +(scriptor)108 295.2 Q F0(n)2.86 E F1 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5 +<6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F0(n)2.86 E F1 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E (xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 312 Q -F2(Aliases)108 324 Q F0(allo)3.002 E 3.002(was)-.25 G .502 +F0(Aliases)108 324 Q F1(allo)3.002 E 3.002(was)-.25 G .502 (tring to be substituted for a w)-3.002 F .502 (ord that is in a position in the input where it can be the \214rst)-.1 F -.1(wo)108 336 S .555(rd of a simple command. Aliases ha).1 F .855 -.15(ve n)-.2 H .555(ames and corresponding v).15 F .556 -(alues that are set and unset using the)-.25 F F1(alias)108 348 Q F0 -(and)2.5 E F1(unalias)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin commands \(see).2 E/F4 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +(alues that are set and unset using the)-.25 F F2(alias)108 348 Q F1 +(and)2.5 E F2(unalias)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin commands \(see).2 E/F4 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo) 2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.034(If the shell reads an unquoted w)108 364.8 R 1.033(ord in the right position, it checks the w)-.1 F 1.033 (ord to see if it matches an alias)-.1 F .657 @@ -4259,11 +4308,11 @@ F -.1(wo)108 336 S .555(rd of a simple command. Aliases ha).1 F .855 3.582(ord. The)-.1 F 1.082(shell doesn')3.582 F 3.582(tl)-.18 G 1.082 (ook at an)-3.582 F 3.582(yc)-.15 G 1.082(haracters follo)-3.582 F 1.082 (wing the w)-.25 F 1.081(ord before attempting)-.1 F -(alias substitution.)108 400.8 Q .264(The characters)108 417.6 R F1(/) -2.764 E F0(,)A F1($)2.764 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.764 E F0 2.764(,a)C(nd)-2.764 -E F1(=)2.764 E F0 .264(and an)2.764 F 2.764(yo)-.15 G 2.764(ft)-2.764 G -.264(he shell)-2.764 F F2(metac)2.764 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E -F0 .264(or quoting characters listed abo)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve m)-.15 H +(alias substitution.)108 400.8 Q .264(The characters)108 417.6 R F2(/) +2.764 E F1(,)A F2($)2.764 E F1(,)A F2<92>2.764 E F1 2.764(,a)C(nd)-2.764 +E F2(=)2.764 E F1 .264(and an)2.764 F 2.764(yo)-.15 G 2.764(ft)-2.764 G +.264(he shell)-2.764 F F0(metac)2.764 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E +F1 .264(or quoting characters listed abo)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .265(ay not).15 F .299(appear in an alias name.)108 429.6 R .298 (The replacement te)5.298 F .298(xt may contain an)-.15 F 2.798(yv)-.15 G .298(alid shell input, including shell metachar)-3.048 F(-)-.2 E 2.625 @@ -4272,29 +4321,29 @@ G .298(alid shell input, including shell metachar)-3.048 F(-)-.2 E 2.625 .125(ut a w)-.2 F .126(ord that is identical to an alias be-)-.1 F .666 (ing e)108 453.6 R .666(xpanded is not e)-.15 F .666 (xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .666(This means that one may alias)5.666 -F F1(ls)3.166 E F0(to)3.166 E F1 .666(ls \255F)3.166 F F0 3.166(,f)C -.666(or instance, and)-3.166 F F1(bash)108 465.6 Q F0 +F F2(ls)3.166 E F1(to)3.166 E F2 .666(ls \255F)3.166 F F1 3.166(,f)C +.666(or instance, and)-3.166 F F2(bash)108 465.6 Q F1 (does not try to recursi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly e).15 E (xpand the replacement te)-.15 E(xt.)-.15 E .858 (If the last character of the alias v)108 482.4 R .858(alue is a)-.25 F -F2(blank)3.628 E F0 3.358(,t).67 G .858(hen the ne)-3.358 F .858 +F0(blank)3.628 E F1 3.358(,t).67 G .858(hen the ne)-3.358 F .858 (xt command w)-.15 F .858(ord follo)-.1 F .858(wing the alias is also) -.25 F(check)108 494.4 Q(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 511.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 -(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .742 +(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 511.2 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F1 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 +(unalias)2.5 E F1(command.)2.5 E .742 (There is no mechanism for using ar)108 528 R .741 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 3.241(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)3.241 E .741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 540 Q F4 -(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108 +(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108 556.8 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F1(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0 -.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 568.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 -(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 +G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F2(expand_aliases)2.783 E F1 +.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 568.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F1 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F1(under)2.5 E F4 +(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -585.6 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +585.6 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F1(al)2.935 E -.1 (wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 (one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 597.6 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) @@ -4318,89 +4367,90 @@ unction is e)108 657.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425 -.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) 108 681.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) -3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862 -(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F1 -(alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 693.6 Q -.15 +(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F2 +(alias)3.362 E F1 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 693.6 Q -.15 (Fo)108 710.4 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(33)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(33)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 84 Q F0 3.467(As)108 96 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F -1.002(later e)108 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(t\ -he name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the list \ -of com-)3.502 F .315(mands associated with that function name is e)108 -120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 -F .036(shell; no ne)108 132 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 84 Q F1 3.467 +(As)108 96 S .967(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F +1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 .968 +(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 108 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell function \ +is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 +(shell; no ne)108 132 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 F .639(function is e)108 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) -.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 156 R -/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)3.033 E F0 .532 +/F5 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)3.033 E F1 .532 (is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532(Special parameter) -5.532 F F4(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F .532 -(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 168 Q F2(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 -E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +5.532 F F5(0)3.032 E F1 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F .532 +(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 168 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 +E F1 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 184.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 196.8 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F2(DEB)3.715 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F4(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F4(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F2(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 208.8 S(IL) -.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.215(these e)108 196.8 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.715 E(UG) +-.09 E F1(and)3.465 E F5(RETURN)3.715 E F1 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F5(trap)3.714 E F1 -.2(bu) +3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 208.8 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F4(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 220.8 R F2(declar) -2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F4 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F4(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 232.8 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F4 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F4(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F2(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 244.8 Q F4(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F5(trace)2.979 E F1(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 220.8 R F3(declar) +2.92 E(e)-.162 E F1 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) +-.25 F F5 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F1 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F5(set)2.92 E F1 -.2(bu) +108 232.8 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F5 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F1(and)2.572 E F5(RETURN)2.572 E F1 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.572 E F1 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 244.8 Q F5(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F1 (shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 261.6 S .368 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F4(local) -2.868 E F0 -.2(bu)2.868 G .368(iltin command \().2 F/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .368(local variables)B F0 2.868(\). Ordinar)B(-)-.2 E -(ily)108 273.6 Q 2.88(,v)-.65 G .38(ariables and their v)-3.13 F .38 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F5(local) +2.868 E F1 -.2(bu)2.868 G .368(iltin command \().2 F F0 .368 +(local variables)B F1 2.868(\). Ordinar)B(-)-.2 E(ily)108 273.6 Q 2.88 +(,v)-.65 G .38(ariables and their v)-3.13 F .38 (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.38(.I) --.55 G 2.88(fav)-5.38 G .38(ariable is declared)-3.13 F F4(local)2.88 E -F0(,)A(the v)108 285.6 Q(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(isible scope is \ +-.55 G 2.88(fav)-5.38 G .38(ariable is declared)-3.13 F F5(local)2.88 E +F1(,)A(the v)108 285.6 Q(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(isible scope is \ restricted to that function and its children \(including the functions \ it calls\).)-2.5 E .727(In the follo)108 302.4 R .727 -(wing description, the)-.25 F F5(curr)3.227 E .727(ent scope)-.37 F F0 +(wing description, the)-.25 F F0(curr)3.227 E .727(ent scope)-.37 F F1 .726(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .726(cuting function.).15 -F(Pre)5.726 E .726(vious scopes consist)-.25 F 1.003(of that function') -108 314.4 R 3.503(sc)-.55 G 1.004 -(aller and so on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not e) --3.503 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.004(cuting an).15 F 3.504(ys)-.15 G(hell) --3.504 E 3.41(function. Consequently)108 326.4 R 3.41(,al)-.65 G .91 -(ocal v)-3.41 F .909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .909 -(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F4(local)3.409 E F0(or)3.409 E F4 -(de-)3.409 E(clar)108 338.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +F(Pre)5.726 E .726(vious scopes consist)-.25 F .965(of that function') +108 314.4 R 3.465(sc)-.55 G .966(aller and so on, back to the \231globa\ +l\232 scope, where the shell is not e)-3.465 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .966 +(cuting an).15 F 3.466(ys)-.15 G(hell)-3.466 E 3.41 +(function. Consequently)108 326.4 R 3.41(,al)-.65 G .91(ocal v)-3.41 F +.909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .909 +(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F5(local)3.409 E F1(or)3.409 E F5 +(de-)3.409 E(clar)108 338.4 Q(e)-.18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins in the function that is currently e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.) -.15 E .635(Local v)108 355.2 R .635(ariables "shado)-.25 F .635(w" v) --.25 F .635(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .636 -(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.636 G 3.136(ri).15 G .636 -(nstance, a local)-3.136 F -.25(va)108 367.2 S .581 +.15 E .587(Local v)108 355.2 R .587(ariables \231shado)-.25 F .587 +(w\232 v)-.25 F .587(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F +.588(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.588 G 3.088(ri).15 G .588 +(nstance, a local)-3.088 F -.25(va)108 367.2 S .581 (riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .58 (ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .182 (to the local v)108 379.2 R .182(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183 (ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .183 (When the function returns, the global v)5.183 F(ariable)-.25 E (is once ag)108 391.2 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .727(The shell uses)108 408 -R F5 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F +R F0 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F1 .726(to control a v)3.227 F (ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 420 R .007(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 @@ -4409,23 +4459,23 @@ F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) 108 432 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 (ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 (alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 444 Q -2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 -(hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) -108 456 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E +1.427 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .127 +(hether that caller is the global scope or another shell function.).65 F +.127(This is also the v)5.127 F .127(alue that a local v)-.25 F(ari-) +-.25 E(able declaration shado)108 456 Q(ws, and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -472.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F5 -(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F5(func1) -2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F5(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 -(calls another function)2.723 F F5(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 -(references to)108 484.8 R F5(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 -F F5(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) --2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F5(var)2.964 E F0(from) -2.964 E F5(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F -(y)-.15 E(global v)108 496.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F5(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 513.6 Q F4(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 +472.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F0 +(var)2.724 E F1 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F0(func1) +2.723 E F1 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F0(func1)2.723 E F1 .223 +(calls another function)2.723 F F0(func2)2.723 E F1(,)A .463 +(references to)108 484.8 R F0(var)2.963 E F1 .463(made from within)2.963 +F F0(func2)2.963 E F1 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) +-2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F0(var)2.964 E F1(from) +2.964 E F0(func1)2.964 E F1 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F +(y)-.15 E(global v)108 496.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F0(var)2.5 E F1(.)A +(The)108 513.6 Q F5(unset)2.983 E F1 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 (iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F4(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F5(unset)2.982 E F1 .19 (will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 525.6 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) @@ -4439,65 +4489,65 @@ hat)-3.575 F 1.141(scope or until the function returns.)108 549.6 R (vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.476(yi)-.15 G .976(nstance of a v)-3.476 F (ariable)-.25 E .007(with that name that had been shado)108 573.6 R .008 (wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.508(wh)-.25 G .508 -.25 -(ow t)-2.508 H(he).25 E F4(localv)2.508 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .008 +(ow t)-2.508 H(he).25 E F5(localv)2.508 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F1 .008 (shell option)2.508 F(changes this beha)108 585.6 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The) -108 602.4 Q F4(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 +108 602.4 Q F5(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F1 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 614.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 631.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F4 -.18(re) -2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 631.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F5 -.18(re) +2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 643.2 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F4(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F5(RETURN)3.511 E F1 1.011 (trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 655.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 667.2 Q F4(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 667.2 Q F5(#)2.5 E F1(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 684 R F4 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F4(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F4(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 696 R F43.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F4 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F4(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 684 R F5 +3.858 E F1 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F5(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F1(or)3.858 E F5(typeset)3.858 E F1 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 696 R F53.39 E F1 .89(option to)3.39 F F5 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F1(or)3.39 E F5(typeset)3.39 E F1 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F .047(\214le and line number)108 708 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G -(he)-2.546 E F4(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046 +(he)-2.546 E F5(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F1 .046 (shell option is enabled\).)2.546 F .046(Functions may be e)5.046 F .046 (xported so that child shell)-.15 F .492 (processes \(those created when e)108 720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 (cuting a separate shell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .492 (cation\) automatically ha).2 F .793 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .493 -(hem de\214ned with).15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E -(34)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(hem de\214ned with).15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E +(34)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF3.201 E F0 .701(option to the)3.201 F F1(export) -3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G 3.201(iltin. A).2 F .7 -(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.201 F F13.2 E F0 -.7(option to the)3.2 F F1(unset)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)108 96 S(iltin.).2 E -.371(Functions may be recursi)108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G -(he)-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(the)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.201 E F1 +.701(option to the)3.201 F F2(export)3.201 E F1 -.2(bu)3.201 G 3.201 +(iltin. A).2 F .7(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.201 F +F23.2 E F1 .7(option to the)3.2 F F2(unset)3.2 E F1 -.2(bu)108 96 +S(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi)108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F1 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .323 (stack and restrict the number of function in)108 124.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322 (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 136.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV) -72 153.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.088 +.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV) +72 153.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F1 1.088 (The shell allo)108 165.6 R 1.088(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)3.589 E F0 -(and)3.589 E F1(de-)3.589 E(clar)108 177.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.453 G -.953(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()3.453 E F0 .952 -(compound command, and)3.452 F F1 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.589 E F1 +(and)3.589 E F2(de-)3.589 E(clar)108 177.6 Q(e)-.18 E F1 -.2(bu)3.453 G +.953(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.453 E F1 .952 +(compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F1 3.452(\). Ev)B .952(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 189.6 Q 1.057 (ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 @@ -4508,27 +4558,27 @@ G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 (lo)108 213.6 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) 5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 225.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 -242.4 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25(va)144 254.4 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 266.4 S -F0(unary minus and plus)144 266.4 Q F1(++)108 278.4 Q F3(id)A F1 -2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 290.4 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<2101>108 302.4 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 302.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 -314.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 314.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 326.4 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 326.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad> -108 338.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 338.4 Q F1(<< >>)108 350.4 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 350.4 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 362.4 Q F0 -(comparison)144 374.4 Q F1(== !=)108 386.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 386.4 Q F1(&)108 398.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 398.4 Q F1<00>108 410.4 -Q F0(bitwise e)144 410.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1 -(|)108 422.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 422.4 Q F1(&&)108 434.4 Q F0 -(logical AND)144 434.4 Q F1(||)108 446.4 Q F0(logical OR)144 446.4 Q F3 --.2(ex)108 458.4 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C -(pr).2 E F0(conditional operator)144 470.4 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 482.4 S 2.5 +(of decreasing precedence.)108 225.6 Q F0(id)108 242.4 Q F2(++)A F0(id) +2.5 E F2A F1 -.25(va)144 254.4 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 266.4 S +F1(unary minus and plus)144 266.4 Q F2(++)108 278.4 Q F0(id)A F2 +2.5 E F0(id)A F1 -.25(va)144 290.4 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<2101>108 302.4 S F1 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 302.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 +314.4 Q F1 -.15(ex)144 314.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 326.4 S +F1(multiplication, di)144 326.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> +108 338.4 S F1(addition, subtraction)144 338.4 Q F2(<< >>)108 350.4 Q F1 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 350.4 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 362.4 Q F1 +(comparison)144 374.4 Q F2(== !=)108 386.4 Q F1(equality and inequality) +144 386.4 Q F2(&)108 398.4 Q F1(bitwise AND)144 398.4 Q F2<00>108 410.4 +Q F1(bitwise e)144 410.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2 +(|)108 422.4 Q F1(bitwise OR)144 422.4 Q F2(&&)108 434.4 Q F1 +(logical AND)144 434.4 Q F2(||)108 446.4 Q F1(logical OR)144 446.4 Q F0 +-.2(ex)108 458.4 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F0 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F0 -.2(ex)C +(pr).2 E F1(conditional operator)144 470.4 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 482.4 S 2.5 (=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G -(<= >>= &= \000= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 494.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 506.4 -S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 518.4 Q .68 +(<= >>= &= \000= |=)-2.5 E F1(assignment)144 494.4 Q F0 -.2(ex)108 506.4 +S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F1(comma)144 518.4 Q .68 (Shell v)108 535.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F @@ -4543,12 +4593,12 @@ F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 -.25 G .421(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .421(xpression when)-.15 F .154(it is referenced, or when a v)108 583.2 R .154 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) --2.654 E F3(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .153 -(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)2.653 E 2.653<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.653 E F0 .153 +-2.654 E F0(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F1(attrib)2.654 E .153 +(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.653 E 2.653<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.653 E F1 .153 (is assigned a)2.653 F -.25(va)108 595.2 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 (null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F -.657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 +.657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F0(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F1 (attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 607.2 Q (xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 624 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F 3.018 (wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F<8c78> @@ -4556,17 +4606,17 @@ F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F F 3.282(al)108 636 S .782(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.) -3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G .783(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.283 F 3.283 (xadecimal. Otherwise,)-.15 F(num-)3.283 E .816(bers tak)108 648 R 3.316 -(et)-.1 G .816(he form [)-3.316 F F3(base#)A F0 .815 -(]n, where the optional)B F3(base)3.315 E F0 .815 +(et)-.1 G .816(he form [)-3.316 F F0(base#)A F1 .815 +(]n, where the optional)B F0(base)3.315 E F1 .815 (is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 F .349 -(the arithmetic base, and)108 660 R F3(n)2.849 E F0 .349 -(is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.85 E F0 .35 +(the arithmetic base, and)108 660 R F0(n)2.849 E F1 .349 +(is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F0(base#)2.85 E F1 .35 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.85 F .35(When speci-)5.35 F(fying) -108 672 Q F3(n)2.975 E F0 2.975(,i)C 2.975(fan)-2.975 G .474(on-digit i\ +108 672 Q F0(n)2.975 E F1 2.975(,i)C 2.975(fan)-2.975 G .474(on-digit i\ s required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-2.975 F .474(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 (percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 684 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) --5.518 E F3(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F +-5.518 E F0(base)3.018 E F1 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F .518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 696 Q .235(Operators are e)108 712.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 @@ -4574,793 +4624,796 @@ s required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-2.975 F (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 724.8 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(35)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(35)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 84 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 -(Conditional e)108 96 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2 -(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256 -(iltin commands to test).2 F .134(\214le attrib)108 108 R .134 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 84 Q +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F1 .255(Conditional e)108 96 R .255 +(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F1 +.255(compound command and the)2.755 F F3(test)2.755 E F1(and)2.755 E F3 +([)2.756 E F1 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F .134 +(\214le attrib)108 108 R .134 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E -F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.633 E F0 .133 +F3(test)2.633 E F1(and)2.633 E F3([)2.633 E F1 .133 (commands determine their be-)2.633 F(ha)108 120 Q .197 (vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .198 (guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.698(yo) -.15 G .198(ther command-)-2.698 F(speci\214c actions.)108 132 Q .235 (Expressions are formed from the follo)108 148.8 R .234 -(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .234 +(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.234 E F1 .234 (handles se)2.734 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .234(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .424 (cially when the)108 160.8 R 2.924(ya)-.15 G .424(re used in e)-2.924 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F -F2(bash)2.925 E F0 .425(is running pro)2.925 F .425(vides these)-.15 F +F3(bash)2.925 E F1 .425(is running pro)2.925 F .425(vides these)-.15 F .345(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\ m internally with this beha)108 172.8 R .344(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E -/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.844 E F0(ar)2.844 E(-)-.2 E .805 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 184.8 R F3(/de)3.305 -E(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.306(,t)C .806(hen \214le descriptor)-3.306 F F3(n) -3.306 E F0 .806(is check)3.306 F 3.306(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.306 E F3 -(\214le)3.306 E F0(ar)3.306 E(gu-)-.18 E .03 -(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 196.8 R F3(/de)2.53 E -(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F3(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.529(,o)C(r) --2.529 E F3(/de)2.529 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.529<2c8c>C .029 +F0(\214le)2.844 E F1(ar)2.844 E(-)-.2 E .805 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 184.8 R F0(/de)3.305 +E(v/fd/n)-.15 E F1 3.306(,t)C .806(hen \214le descriptor)-3.306 F F0(n) +3.306 E F1 .806(is check)3.306 F 3.306(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.306 E F0 +(\214le)3.306 E F1(ar)3.306 E(gu-)-.18 E .03 +(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 196.8 R F0(/de)2.53 E +(v/stdin)-.15 E F1(,)A F0(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F1 2.529(,o)C(r) +-2.529 E F0(/de)2.529 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F1 2.529<2c8c>C .029 (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.529 F(ti)108 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) 108 225.6 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) -3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 237.6 -Q .701(When used with)108 255.6 R F2([[)3.201 E F0 3.201(,o)C 3.201(rw) --3.201 G .701(hen the shell is in)-3.201 F F3 .7(posix mode)3.201 F F0 -3.2(,t)C(he)-3.2 E F2(<)3.2 E F0(and)3.2 E F2(>)3.2 E F0 .7 +Q .701(When used with)108 254.4 R F3([[)3.201 E F1 3.201(,o)C 3.201(rw) +-3.201 G .701(hen the shell is in)-3.201 F F0 .7(posix mode)3.201 F F1 +3.2(,t)C(he)-3.2 E F3(<)3.2 E F1(and)3.2 E F3(>)3.2 E F1 .7 (operators sort le)3.2 F .7(xicographically using)-.15 F -(the current locale.)108 267.6 Q(When the shell is not in)5 E F3 -(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F2(test)2.5 E F0 -(command sorts using ASCII ordering.)2.5 E F2108 291.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 291.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 303.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -303.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2108 315.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 315.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2108 -327.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 327.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2108 -339.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 339.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 351.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 351.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2108 363.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 363.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2108 375.6 Q F3(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 375.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 387.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 387.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F2108 399.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 399.6 S(ue if) -.35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F2108 411.6 Q F3(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 411.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2108 423.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 423.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2108 435.6 Q F3(fd) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 435.6 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F3(fd)4.47 E -F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2108 447.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 447.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2108 -459.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 459.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2108 471.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 471.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2108 -483.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 483.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 -E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2108 495.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 495.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 507.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F2 -108 519.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 519.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F2108 531.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 531.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F3(\214le1)108 543.6 Q F2 -(\255ef)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 555.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F3(\214le1)108 567.6 Q F02.5 E F2 -(nt)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 579.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 -E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F3 -(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3 -(\214le1)108 591.6 Q F02.5 E F2(ot)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -603.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F3(\214le2) -2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2108 615.6 Q -F3(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 627.6 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 -F F3(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 -(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F2 -2.763 E F0(option to the)144 639.6 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2108 651.6 Q F3(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 663.6 S .327(ue if the shell v).35 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -(varname)3.116 E F0 .326(is set \(has been assigned a v)3.006 F 2.826 -(alue\). If)-.25 F F3(varname)2.826 E F0 .326(is an inde)2.826 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.826(da).15 G -.2(r-)-2.826 G .131(ray v)144 675.6 R .131 -(ariable name subscripted by)-.25 F F3(@)2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F3(*) -2.631 E F0 2.631(,t)C .131(his returns true if the array has an)-2.631 F -2.631(ys)-.15 G .131(et elements.)-2.631 F(If)5.131 E F3(var)2.632 E(-) --.2 E(name)144 687.6 Q F0 .737(is an associati)3.238 F 1.037 -.15(ve a) --.25 H .737(rray v).15 F .737(ariable name subscripted by)-.25 F F3(@) -3.237 E F0(or)3.237 E F3(*)3.237 E F0 3.237(,t)C .737 -(his returns true if an element)-3.237 F(with that k)144 699.6 Q .3 -.15 -(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(ss).15 G(et.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(36)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(the current locale.)108 266.4 Q(When the shell is not in)5 E F0 +(posix mode)2.5 E F1 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(test)2.5 E F1 +(command sorts using ASCII ordering.)2.5 E F3108 283.2 Q F0 +(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 283.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3108 295.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 +295.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F3108 307.2 Q F0 +(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 307.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F3108 +319.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 319.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 +E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F3108 +331.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 331.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 +E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3108 343.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 +-.35(Tr)144 343.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F3108 355.2 Q F0 +(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 355.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F3108 367.2 Q F0(\214le) +2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 367.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3108 379.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E +F1 -.35(Tr)144 379.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and its \231stick).15 E(y\232 bit is set.)-.15 E F3108 391.2 +Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 391.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F3108 403.2 +Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 403.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F3108 415.2 Q F0(\214le) +2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 415.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F3108 427.2 Q F0 +(fd)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 427.2 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F0(fd) +4.47 E F1(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F3108 439.2 Q +F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 439.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F3 +108 451.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 451.2 S(ue if).35 E F0 +(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F3108 +463.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 463.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 +E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F3 +108 475.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 475.2 S(ue if).35 E F0 +(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F3108 487.2 Q F0 +(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 487.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3108 499.2 Q F0 +(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 499.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.) +-.1 E F3108 511.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 511.2 S(ue if) +.35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E +(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F3 +108 523.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 523.2 S(ue if).35 E F0 +(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F0 +(\214le1)108 535.2 Q F3(\255ef)2.5 E F0(\214le2)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 +547.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le1)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F0(\214le2)2.5 E F1 +(refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F0(\214le1) +108 559.2 Q F12.5 E F3(nt)A F0(\214le2)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 571.2 S +(ue if).35 E F0(\214le1)2.5 E F1(is ne)2.5 E +(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F0(\214le2)2.5 E +F1 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F0(\214le1)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and).15 E F0(\214le2)2.5 E F1(does not.)2.5 E F0(\214le1)108 583.2 +Q F12.5 E F3(ot)A F0(\214le2)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 595.2 S(ue if).35 +E F0(\214le1)2.5 E F1(is older than)2.5 E F0(\214le2)2.5 E F1 2.5(,o)C +2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F0(\214le2)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E +F0(\214le1)2.5 E F1(does not.)2.5 E F3108 607.2 Q F0(optname)2.5 E +F1 -.35(Tr)144 619.2 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F0(optname) +2.992 E F1 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 +(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F3 +2.763 E F1(option to the)144 631.2 Q F3(set)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3108 643.2 Q F0(varname)2.5 E F1 +-.35(Tr)144 655.2 S .327(ue if the shell v).35 F(ariable)-.25 E F0 +(varname)3.116 E F1 .326(is set \(has been assigned a v)3.006 F 2.826 +(alue\). If)-.25 F F0(varname)2.826 E F1 .326(is an inde)2.826 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.826(da).15 G -.2(r-)-2.826 G .131(ray v)144 667.2 R .131 +(ariable name subscripted by)-.25 F F0(@)2.631 E F1(or)2.631 E F0(*) +2.631 E F1 2.631(,t)C .131(his returns true if the array has an)-2.631 F +2.631(ys)-.15 G .131(et elements.)-2.631 F(If)5.131 E F0(var)2.632 E(-) +-.2 E(name)144 679.2 Q F1 .737(is an associati)3.238 F 1.037 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H .737(rray v).15 F .737(ariable name subscripted by)-.25 F F0(@) +3.237 E F1(or)3.237 E F0(*)3.237 E F1 3.237(,t)C .737 +(his returns true if an element)-3.237 F(with that k)144 691.2 Q .3 -.15 +(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(ss).15 G(et.)-2.5 E F3108 703.2 Q F0(varname)2.5 E +F1 -.35(Tr)144 715.2 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F0 +(varname)2.79 E F1(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 5.3) +72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(36)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 -S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0 -(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F1108 108 Q F2(string)2.5 -E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0 -(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 132 Q F1108 144 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 156 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0 -(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 172.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E -(string1)108 184.8 Q F1(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 196.8 S -.861(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 -(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF108 84 Q F0(string)2.5 E +F1 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if the length of).35 E F0(string)2.5 E F1 +(is zero.)2.5 E F0(string)108 108 Q F2108 120 Q F0(string)2.5 E F1 +-.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if the length of).35 E F0(string)2.84 E F1 +(is non-zero.)2.72 E F0(string1)108 148.8 Q F2(==)2.5 E F0(string2)2.5 E +(string1)108 160.8 Q F2(=)2.5 E F0(string2)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 172.8 S +.861(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F1 .861 +(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F1 .862 (command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 -208.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +184.8 R F2([[)2.946 E F1 .446 (command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 220.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 -(string1)108 237.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 249.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 266.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 278.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E -F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 295.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 307.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -324 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 336 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 -(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A -F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 -(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 -(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 348 R -F2(ar)144 360 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(ar)3.919 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 196.8 Q F1(\).)A F0 +(string1)108 213.6 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F0(string2)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 225.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F0(string1)108 242.4 Q F2(<)2.5 +E F0(string2)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 254.4 S(ue if).35 E F0(string1)2.5 E +F1(sorts before)2.5 E F0(string2)2.5 E F1(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 +E(.)-.65 E F0(string1)108 271.2 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0(string2)2.5 E F1 -.35 +(Tr)144 283.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(string1)2.5 E F1(sorts after)2.5 E F0 +(string2)2.5 E F1(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F0(ar)108.33 +300 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 312 Q F1 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F1(,)A F2 +(\255ne)2.885 E F1(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F1(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F1(,)A +F2(\255gt)2.885 E F1 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F1 5.385 +(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F0 +(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F1 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 324 R +F0(ar)144 336 Q(g2)-.37 E F1 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F0(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F1(and)3.589 E F0(ar)3.919 E +(g2)-.37 E F1 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589 (rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte) -.15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F1([[)3.59 E F0 -(command,)144 372 Q F2(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F2(Ar)4.447 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937 +.15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E F1 +(command,)144 348 Q F0(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F1(and)3.437 E F0(Ar)4.447 E +(g2)-.37 E F1 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937 (luated as arithmetic e).25 F .937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 384 Q F0(abo)2.25 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 360 Q F1(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) -72 400.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 412.8 R +72 376.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F1 .613(When a simple command is e)108 388.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614 (wing e)-.25 F .614(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F -(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 424.8 Q(wing order)-.25 -E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 441.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 441.6 R 1.849 +(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 400.8 Q(wing order)-.25 +E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 417.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 417.6 R 1.849 (ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 453.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 470.4 Q .179(The w)144 470.4 R .179 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 446.4 Q .179(The w)144 446.4 R .179 (ords that are not v)-.1 F .179 (ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15 F(an)2.68 E 2.68(yw)-.15 G .18(ords remain af-)-2.78 F .347(ter e)144 -482.4 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 +458.4 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346 -(ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 494.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 511.2 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 511.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 528 Q .716(The te)144 528 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 +(ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 470.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 487.2 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 487.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(4.) +108 504 Q .716(The te)144 504 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F1 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 540 R .339 +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 516 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 552 Q .586 -(If no command name results, the v)108 568.8 R .586 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 528 Q .586 +(If no command name results, the v)108 544.8 R .586 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .586(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.087(vironment. In)-.4 F .587(the case of)3.087 F .371(such a command \ \(one that consists only of assignment statements and redirections\), a\ -ssignment statements)108 580.8 R .835 -(are performed before redirections.)108 592.8 R .835(Otherwise, the v) +ssignment statements)108 556.8 R .835 +(are performed before redirections.)108 568.8 R .835(Otherwise, the v) 5.835 F .835(ariables are added to the en)-.25 F .835 (vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .839 -(command and do not af)108 604.8 R .838(fect the current shell en)-.25 F +(command and do not af)108 580.8 R .838(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.338(vironment. If)-.4 F(an)3.338 E 3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G -.838(he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 616.8 S +.838(he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 592.8 S (lue to a readonly v).25 E(ariable, an error occurs, and the command e) -.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 633.6 R +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 609.6 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 645.6 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 621.6 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 662.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 638.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F 4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 -674.4 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +650.4 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 686.4 R .466 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 662.4 R .466 (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 698.4 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(37)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 674.4 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 691.2 Q F1 +.546(After a command has been split into w)108 703.2 R .547 +(ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the shell performs the follo)108 715.2 Q +(wing actions.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(37) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 84 Q F0 .546 -(After a command has been split into w)108 96 R .547 -(ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the shell performs the follo)108 108 Q -(wing actions.)-.25 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the\ - shell attempts to locate it.)108 124.8 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the \ +shell attempts to locate it.)108 84 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 136.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G -.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 +108 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 +(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .246 (If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 148.8 Q 2.5 +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 108 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 165.6 R .309 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 124.8 R .309 (uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.809 -E F0 .309(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 177.6 Q F2 -.666(PA) -3.162 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 +E F1 .309(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 136.8 Q F2 -.666(PA) +3.162 G(TH)-.189 E F1 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F1 .663(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915 -(the full pathnames of e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 -(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 -(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E +(the full pathnames of e)108 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 +(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F1(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 +(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). 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Ar)-.4 F .198 (gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 302.4 Q +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 261.6 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.049(If this e)108 319.2 R +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.049(If this e)108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049(cution f).15 F 1.049 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.548(,i)-.65 G 3.548(ti)-3.548 G 3.548(sa)-3.548 G(s-)-3.548 E .143(sumed to be a)108 -331.2 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .143(shell script)2.643 F F0 2.643 -(,a\214)C .143(le containing shell commands, and the shell creates a ne) --2.643 F 2.643(wi)-.25 G .143(nstance of itself to)-2.643 F -.15(exe)108 -343.2 S .137(cute it.).15 F .137 -(This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)5.137 F .136 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.636(ws)-.25 G .136(hell had been in)-2.636 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.636(dt).1 G 2.636(oh)-2.636 G(andle)-2.636 -E .865(the script, with the e)108 355.2 R .866 +290.4 R F0 .143(shell script)2.643 F F1 2.643(,a\214)C .143 +(le containing shell commands, and the shell creates a ne)-2.643 F 2.643 +(wi)-.25 G .143(nstance of itself to)-2.643 F -.15(exe)108 302.4 S .137 +(cute it.).15 F .137(This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef) +5.137 F .136(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.636(ws)-.25 G .136 +(hell had been in)-2.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.636(dt).1 G 2.636 +(oh)-2.636 G(andle)-2.636 E .865(the script, with the e)108 314.4 R .866 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F4(hash)3.366 E F0(belo)3.366 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 367.2 Q F2 -(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A F0 +-.15 F F4(hash)3.366 E F1(belo)3.366 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 326.4 Q F2 +(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A F1 (are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) -108 384 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(he \ -remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.848 F 3.178(gram. 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The)-.15 F(ar)2.706 E .206 (guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F .206 (gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .267 -(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 420 R .268 -(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .268(wed by the com-)-.25 -F(mand ar)108 432 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 448.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) -108 460.8 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 -2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 477.6 Q -1.406(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 477.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F4 -(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 489.6 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 506.4 Q -(the current w)144 506.4 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E -F0(,)A F4(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 -(ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E -<83>108 523.2 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 523.2 Q F4 -(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) --2.5 E<83>108 540 Q(current traps set by)144 540 Q F4(trap)2.5 E F0<83> -108 556.8 Q .256(shell parameters that are set by v)144 556.8 R .256 -(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .257 +(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 379.2 R +.268(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .268(wed by the com-) +-.25 F(mand ar)108 391.2 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 408 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F1 +(The shell has an)108 420 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E +(onment)-.45 E F1 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 +E<83>108 436.8 Q 1.406(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 +436.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.405 +(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F4(exec) +3.905 E F1 -.2(bu)144 448.8 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 465.6 Q(the current w) +144 465.6 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E F1(,)A F4 +(pushd)2.5 E F1 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F1 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 +G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E<83>108 +482.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 482.4 Q F4(umask)2.5 +E F1(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E<83> +108 499.2 Q(current traps set by)144 499.2 Q F4(trap)2.5 E F1<83>108 516 +Q .256(shell parameters that are set by v)144 516 R .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F1 .257 (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E -(in the en)144 568.8 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 585.6 Q -(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 585.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(in the en)144 528 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 544.8 Q +(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 544.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 602.4 Q -(options enabled at in)144 602.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 561.6 Q +(options enabled at in)144 561.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) .2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F4(set) -2.5 E F0<83>108 619.2 Q(options enabled by)144 619.2 Q F4(shopt)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 636 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 636 Q F4(alias)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 652.8 Q -.25(va)144 652.8 S +2.5 E F1<83>108 578.4 Q(options enabled by)144 578.4 Q F4(shopt)2.5 E F1 +<83>108 595.2 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 595.2 Q F4(alias)2.5 E +F1<83>108 612 Q -.25(va)144 612 S (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E -(alue of)-.25 E F4($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -F2(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427(When a simple command other than a b)108 669.6 R +(alue of)-.25 E F4($$)2.5 E F1 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E +F2(PPID)2.5 E F1 .427(When a simple command other than a b)108 628.8 R .426(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) --2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 681.6 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 +-2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 640.8 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F .134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 693.6 Q<83>108 710.4 Q 1.056(the shell')144 710.4 R +(the shell.)108 652.8 Q<83>108 669.6 Q 1.056(the shell')144 669.6 R 3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E -(38)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-3.556 F(mand)144 681.6 Q<83>108 698.4 Q(the current w)144 698.4 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(38) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q -(the current w)144 84 Q(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 100.8 Q -(the \214le creation mode mask)144 100.8 Q<83>108 117.6 Q .856(shell v) -144 117.6 R .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F -.857(xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 129.6 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 146.4 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) -144 146.4 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E<83>108 84 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 84 Q +<83>108 100.8 Q .856(shell v)144 100.8 R .857 +(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 +(xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 112.8 Q(vironment) +-.4 E<83>108 129.6 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) +144 129.6 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 -158.4 Q 2.5(Ac)108 175.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 +141.6 Q 2.5(Ac)108 158.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 (di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E(A)108 192 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(subshell)2.5 E F0 -(is a cop)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he shell process.)-2.5 E .577 -(Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchron\ -ous commands are in)108 208.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G -(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 220.8 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 F .245 +(vironment.)-.4 E(A)108 175.2 Q F0(subshell)2.5 E F1(is a cop)2.5 E 2.5 +(yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he shell process.)-2.5 E .577(Command substitut\ +ion, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchronous commands are i\ +n)108 192 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as) +108 204 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 F .245 (vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244(vironment, e) -.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F .358 -(reset to the v)108 232.8 R .358 +(reset to the v)108 216 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 244.8 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 228 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 256.8 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -273.6 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 -(cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent) -3.877 F 2.5(shell. When)108 285.6 R(not in)2.5 E F1(posix mode)2.5 E F0 -(,)A F2(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F22.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 302.4 R -.405(wed by a)-.25 F F2(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) -2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 -314.4 R F1(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197 -(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G .198 -(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 326.4 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 343.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.344(When a program is in)108 355.2 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg) --4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343 -(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F1(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.343(his is a list of)-7.343 F F1(name)108 367.2 Q -F0A F1(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F1 -(value)A F0(.).18 E .438(The shell pro)108 384 R .438(vides se)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .438(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -2.938(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ -nd creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it fo\ -r)108 396 R F1 -.2(ex)3.208 G(port).2 E F0 .708(to child pro-)3.888 F -2.703(cesses. Ex)108 408 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F -2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F2(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E .332 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 420 R -2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 -(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .131 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 432 R 2.631(wv)-.25 G .131 -(alue becomes part of the en)-2.881 F .132 -(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .132(The en)5.132 F(vironment)-.4 E -.321(inherited by an)108 444 R 2.821(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.971 G .321 -(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 -(nitial en)-2.821 F .32(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .32(alues may be modi-) --.25 F .533(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 456 R 3.033(yp)-.15 G .534 -(airs remo)-3.033 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G 3.034(yt)-3.034 G(he) --3.034 E F2(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)3.034 F 3.034(ya)-.15 -G .534(dditions via the)-3.034 F F2(export)3.034 E F0(and)3.034 E F2 -(de-)3.034 E(clar)108 468 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E -.563(The en)108 484.8 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F1 .563 -(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 240 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .605(When the shell is in) +108 256.8 R F0 .605(posix mode)3.105 F F1 3.105(,s)C .605(ubshells spa) +-3.105 F .605(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .605 +(cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F .605(alue of)-.25 F(the) +108 268.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.695 E F1 .195 +(option from their parent shell.)2.695 F .194(When not in)5.194 F F0 +.194(posix mode)2.694 F F1(,)A F2(bash)2.694 E F1 .194(clears the)2.694 +F F22.694 E F1 .194(option in such subshells.)2.694 F .613 +(See the description of the)108 280.8 R F2(inherit_err)3.113 E(exit)-.18 +E F1 .613(shell option belo)3.113 F 3.114(wf)-.25 G .614(or ho)-3.114 F +3.114(wt)-.25 G 3.114(oc)-3.114 G .614(ontrol this beha)-3.114 F .614 +(vior when not in)-.2 F(posix mode.)108 292.8 Q .405 +(If a command is follo)108 309.6 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F2(&)2.905 E F1 +.404(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G +.404(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197 +(is the empty \214le)108 321.6 R F0(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F1 5.197 +(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc) +.1 G .198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) +-2.697 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 333.6 Q/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 350.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F1 2.344 +(When a program is in)108 362.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G +4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg)-4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na) +.25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F0(en) +5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F1 7.343(.T).68 G 2.343 +(his is a list of)-7.343 F F0(name)108 374.4 Q F1A F0(value)A F1 +(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F0(name)2.86 E F1(=)A F0(value)A F1(.).18 E +.438(The shell pro)108 391.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 2.938(vironment. On)-.4 +F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439 +(wn en-)-.25 F 2.033(vironment and creates a parameter for each name fo\ +und, automatically marking it for)108 403.2 R F0 -.2(ex)4.533 G(port).2 +E F1 2.033(to child)5.213 F 2.873(processes. Ex)108 415.2 R .374 +(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.874(vironment. The)-.4 F F2 +(export)2.874 E F1(and)2.874 E F2(declar)2.874 E 2.874<65ad>-.18 G(x) +-2.874 E F1 .374(commands allo)2.874 F 2.874(wp)-.25 G(a-)-2.874 E .335 +(rameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 427.2 +R 2.835(vironment. If)-.4 F .335(the v)2.835 F .334 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 439.2 Q .64 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 +(alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 451.2 +R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 +(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 +(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F +.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 463.2 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 +(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 +E F2(unset)2.801 E F1 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 +(dditions via the)-2.801 F F2(export)2.801 E F1(and)2.801 E F2(declar) +108 475.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F1(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 +492 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F0 .563(simple command)3.403 +F F1 .562 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 496.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 504 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 508.8 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 525.6 R F2 -3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F2(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F1(all)3.64 E F0 -.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 537.6 Q +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 516 Q(vironment seen by that command.) +-.4 E .81(If the)108 532.8 R F23.31 E F1 .81 +(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F2(set)3.31 E F1 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 +(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F0(all)3.64 E F1 .81 +(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 544.8 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 554.4 Q F2(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +-.4 E(When)108 561.6 Q F2(bash)3.585 E F1(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) --3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 +-3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(_)3.585 E F1 1.086 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 566.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 -(EXIT ST)72 583.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 595.2 R +(passed to that command in its en)108 573.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 +(EXIT ST)72 590.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F1 .151(The e)108 602.4 R .151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F1 -(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 -(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 607.2 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F +(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F0 +(waitpid)2.65 E F1 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 +(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 614.4 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 619.2 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G +F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 626.4 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G .507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F (Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -631.2 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 648 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G +638.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 +(Fo)108 655.2 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 -(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 660 R 2.549(An) +(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 667.2 R 2.549(An) 5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 672 Q F1(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(bash) -2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 679.2 Q F0(N)2.5 E F1(,)A F2(bash) +2.5 E F1(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F0(N)A F1(as the e)2.5 E (xit status.)-.15 E .404 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 688.8 R +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 700.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 717.6 +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 708 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 724.8 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(39)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(39)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .081(Shell b)108 -84 R .081(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08 -(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa) --2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F(the)108 96 Q 2.967 -(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. 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All).15 F -.2 +(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 (va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 108 Q(guments.)-.18 E (The e)108 124.8 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va) -.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Bash)108 141.6 Q F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 +(Bash)108 141.6 Q F1 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 153.6 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F2 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 170.4 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 182.4 Q F2 -(bash)2.502 E F0 .002(is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G +(exit)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F3 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 170.4 Q(ALS)-.219 E F1(When)108 182.4 Q F2 +(bash)2.502 E F1 .002(is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G .002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002 -(raps, it ignores)-2.502 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002 -(\(so that)2.252 F F2 .002(kill 0)2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-) +(raps, it ignores)-2.502 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)2.502 E F1 .002 +(\(so that)2.252 F F2 .002(kill 0)2.502 F F1 .002(does not kill an in-) 2.502 F(teracti)108 194.4 Q 1.216 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .916(hell\), and).15 -F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E F0 .915(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F -F2(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu)3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F -.915(In all cases,)5.915 F F2(bash)108 206.4 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ) -2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef) -4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,) -A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.) -A F0(Non-b)108 223.2 Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.564 -E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v) +F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E F1 .915(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F +F2(wait)3.415 E F1 -.2(bu)3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F +.915(In all cases,)5.915 F F2(bash)108 206.4 Q F1(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ) +2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(If job control is in ef) +4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,) +A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F1(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.) +A F1(Non-b)108 223.2 Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.564 +E F1(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v) .15 F 1.065(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248 (parent. When)108 235.2 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) -2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F1(and) +2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F1 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 247.2 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 259.2 Q F4 -(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 276 R 2.046(xits by def) --.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F0 +(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F1(and)2.25 E F4 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F1 2.046(The shell e)108 276 R 2.046(xits by def) +-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F1 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 288 Q F0 1.004 +(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 288 Q F1 1.004 (to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent) -6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr) +6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F1 1.005(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr) -.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 300 Q -F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell \ +F5(.)A F1 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell \ from sending the signal to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G .929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356 -(jobs table with the)108 312 R F2(diso)3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 +(jobs table with the)108 312 R F2(diso)3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F1 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E 1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357 -(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4(SIGHUP)108 324 Q F0(using)2.25 -E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 340.8 R F2 -(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2 -(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash)2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP) -2.666 E F0 .166(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)3.607 E 1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357 +(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4(SIGHUP)108 324 Q F1(using)2.25 +E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F1(.)A .166(If the)108 340.8 R F2 +(huponexit)2.666 E F1 .166(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2 +(shopt)2.666 E F1(,)A F2(bash)2.666 E F1 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP) +2.666 E F1 .166(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (login shell e)108 352.8 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 369.6 Q F2(bash)3.046 E -F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 +F1 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546 (ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)-3.046 F .663 (will not be e)108 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E -F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326 -(via the)108 393.6 R F2(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \ +F1 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326 +(via the)108 393.6 R F2(wait)2.826 E F1 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \ reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F -F2(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin to re-).2 F +F2(wait)2.827 E F1 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin to re-).2 F (turn immediately with an e)108 405.6 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .499(When job control is not enabled, and) -108 422.4 R F2(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore) +108 422.4 R F2(bash)2.998 E F1 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore) -.1 F .498(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 434.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.213(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-3.313 G .713 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.213 E F0 .713 -(\(usually generated by)2.963 F F2<0043>3.213 E F0 3.213(\)t)C .714 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.213 E F1 .713 +(\(usually generated by)2.963 F F2<0043>3.213 E F1 3.213(\)t)C .714 (hat users commonly intend)-3.213 F .455(to send to that command.)108 446.4 R .454(This happens because the shell and the command are in the \ same process group)5.455 F(as the terminal, and)108 458.4 Q F2<0043>2.5 -E F0(sends)2.5 E F4(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 +E F1(sends)2.5 E F4(SIGINT)2.5 E F1 (to all processes in that process group.)2.25 E(When)108 475.2 Q F2 -(bash)3.8 E F0 1.3(is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G(s).15 E F4(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3 +(bash)3.8 E F1 1.3(is running without job 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F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F4(SIGINT)2.788 E F0 .288 +F5(,)A F1 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F4(SIGINT)2.788 E F1 .288 (itself and did)2.538 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 556.8 R .728 -(atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F2(bash)3.228 E F0 .728 -(does not treat)3.228 F F4(SIGINT)3.228 E F0 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728 +(atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F2(bash)3.228 E F1 .728 +(does not treat)3.228 F F4(SIGINT)3.228 E F1 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728 (atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.229(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.229 E .772 -(stead assuming that the)144 568.8 R F4(SIGINT)3.272 E F0 -.1(wa)3.022 G +(stead assuming that the)144 568.8 R F4(SIGINT)3.272 E F1 -.1(wa)3.022 G 3.272(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.272 F 3.271(sn)-.55 G .771(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.271 F .409 (uses it to abort editing commands\) or deliberately discarded.)144 580.8 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F2(bash)3.309 E -F0 .41(will run an)2.91 F 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(rap set)-2.91 F(on)144 -592.8 Q F4(SIGINT)3.789 E F5(,)A F0 1.289(as it does with an)3.539 F +F1 .41(will run an)2.91 F 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(rap set)-2.91 F(on)144 +592.8 Q F4(SIGINT)3.789 E F5(,)A F1 1.289(as it does with an)3.539 F 3.789(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.789 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.788(sw).15 G 1.288(hile it is w)-3.788 F 1.288(aiting for the fore-) -.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 604.8 Q(.)-.65 E -F3(JOB CONTR)72 621.6 Q(OL)-.329 E F1 -.25(Jo)108 633.6 S 3.368(bc).25 G -(ontr)-3.368 E(ol)-.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(ly stop \().15 F F1(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868 +F3(JOB CONTR)72 621.6 Q(OL)-.329 E F0 -.25(Jo)108 633.6 S 3.368(bc).25 G +(ontr)-3.368 E(ol)-.45 E F1 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(ly stop \().15 F F0(suspend)A F1 3.368(\)t)C .868 (he e)-3.368 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \() -.15 F F1 -.37(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 645.6 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e) +.15 F F0 -.37(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 645.6 Q F1 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e) -2.665 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au) 5.165 G .165(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164 (acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164 (ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 657.6 Q (ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 -G(nd)-2.5 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 674.4 R -F1(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F +G(nd)-2.5 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 674.4 R +F0(job)5.024 E F1 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 (cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 686.4 R F2 -(jobs)2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F2(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F1(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 698.4 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31) -142.895 E(40)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(jobs)2.825 E F1 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F2(bash)2.825 E F1 .325 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F0(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F1 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 698.4 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29) +144.29 E(40)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .241(indicating t\ -hat this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last proces\ -s in the pipeline associated)108 84 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 -96 R .732 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .241(indicating that this job is job number 1 and \ +that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated)108 +84 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 96 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the) -108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(job)4.24 E F0 -(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.981 -.8(To f)108 -124.8 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F .382 +5.733 F(.)-.4 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.732 E F1(uses)3.232 E(the) +108 108 Q F0(job)4.24 E F1(abstraction as the basis for job control.) +2.73 E 1.981 -.8(To f)108 124.8 T .382 +(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F .382 (ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 F 1.538 -(tion of a)108 136.8 R F2(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537 +(tion of a)108 136.8 R F0(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F1 6.537(.M)C 1.537 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 148.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 (board-generated signals such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E -(INT)108 160.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.215 -(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F2(for)5.685 E -.4(eg) --.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F2(Bac)6.795 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) --.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 F .145 +(INT)108 160.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 1.215 +(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F0(for)5.685 E -.4(eg) +-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F1(.).77 E F0(Bac)6.795 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) +-.45 E F1 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 F .145 (group ID dif)108 172.8 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 184.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F -2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F5 -10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. 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Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2 +(%)3.277 E F1 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 350.4 +Q F0(jobspec)A F1 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F0(n)3.817 E F1 .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F1 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 362.4 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F .385(stopped job whose command name be)108 -374.4 R .385(gins with)-.15 F F1(ce)2.885 E F0 5.385(.I)C 2.885(fap) --5.385 G .385(re\214x matches more than one job,)-2.885 F F1(bash)2.885 -E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 386.4 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing) --5.194 E F1(%?ce)2.694 E F0 2.694(,o)C 2.694(nt)-2.694 G .194 +108 362.4 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F2(%ce)3.09 E +F1 .59(refers to a)3.09 F .385(stopped job whose command name be)108 +374.4 R .385(gins with)-.15 F F2(ce)2.885 E F1 5.385(.I)C 2.885(fap) +-5.385 G .385(re\214x matches more than one job,)-2.885 F F2(bash)2.885 +E F1 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 386.4 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing) +-5.194 E F2(%?ce)2.694 E F1 2.694(,o)C 2.694(nt)-2.694 G .194 (he other hand, refers to an)-2.694 F 2.694(yj)-.15 G .194 -(ob containing the string)-2.694 F F1(ce)2.694 E F0 .194 +(ob containing the string)-2.694 F F2(ce)2.694 E F1 .194 (in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306 -(substring matches more than one job,)108 398.4 R F1(bash)2.806 E F0 +(substring matches more than one job,)108 398.4 R F2(bash)2.806 E F1 .306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F -F1(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F1(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell') -2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 410.4 R F2(curr)2.833 E .133 -(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133 +F2(%%)2.806 E F1(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F1 .307(refer to the shell') +2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 410.4 R F0(curr)2.833 E .133 +(ent job)-.37 F F1 2.633(,w).23 G .133 (hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore) -.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108 -422.4 R F2(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075 -(may be referenced using)2.805 F F1<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft) --5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F1(%+)2.576 E F0(and) -2.576 E F1<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317 +422.4 R F0(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F1 .075 +(may be referenced using)2.805 F F2<25ad>2.575 E F1 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft) +-5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F2(%+)2.576 E F1(and) +2.576 E F2<25ad>2.576 E F1 .076(can both)2.576 F .317 (be used to refer to that job)108 434.4 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317 -G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F1 -(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108 -446.4 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.533 E F0 2.533 -(,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.533 -E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033 +G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F2 +(jobs)2.817 E F1 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108 +446.4 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.533 E F1 2.533 +(,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F22.533 +E F1 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033 (ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108 -458.4 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +458.4 Q(.)-.4 E .686 (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 475.2 R -(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -487.2 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 499.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 516 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F(Normally) -5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 +(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)3.186 E F1 .686(is a synon)3.186 F .686 +(ym for \231fg %1\232, bringing)-.15 F .068 +(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 487.2 R 2.568 +(ground. Similarly)-.15 F 2.568<2c99>-.65 G .068 +(%1 &\232 resumes job 1 in the background, equi)-2.568 F(v-)-.25 E +(alent to \231bg %1\232.)108 499.2 Q .131 +(The shell learns immediately whene)108 516 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj) +.15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash) +2.631 E F1 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 (prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 528 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 540 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F22.658 E F1 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 540 Q F2(set)2.648 E F1 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.648 E F1 .148 (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F3(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F3(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F1 .147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 552 Q(xits.)-.15 -E .032(If an attempt to e)108 568.8 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash)2.532 E F0 .032 +E .032(If an attempt to e)108 568.8 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)2.532 E F1 .032 (is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft) --2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 580.8 R F1 -(shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003 +-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F2(checkjobs)2.533 E F1 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 580.8 R F2 +(shopt)3.503 E F1 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)3.502 E F1 1.002 (option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) -108 592.8 R(The)5.955 E F1(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 +108 592.8 R(The)5.955 E F2(jobs)3.455 E F1 .955 (command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a) 5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 604.8 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E (and an)108 616.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644(When the shell is w)108 633.6 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 645.6 R F1 -2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F1(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.145 E F1 -.2(bu) +3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.145 E F1 +(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 645.6 R F2 +2.782 E F1 .282(option causes)2.782 F F2(wait)2.782 E F1 .282 (to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F -(fore returning.)108 657.6 Q/F6 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 674.4 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 -(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E -F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 +(fore returning.)108 657.6 Q/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 674.4 Q +(OMPTING)-.329 E F1 .644(When e)108 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)3.144 E +F1 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3(PS1)3.145 E F1 .645 (when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 -(and the secondary prompt)108 698.4 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E -F0(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 +(and the secondary prompt)108 698.4 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F1 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F2(Bash)5.427 E +F1(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F1(after)2.677 E .037 (it reads a command b)108 710.4 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E -F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 722.4 R F1 -3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +.037(cuting it.).15 F F2(Bash)5.037 E F1(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E +F1 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 722.4 R F2 +3.622 E F1 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F2(Bash)6.122 E F1(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) --.25 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(41)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(41)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(number of backsla\ -sh-escaped special characters that are decoded as follo)108 84 Q(ws:) --.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 96 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 96 Q F1(\\d)144 108 Q F0 -(the date in "W)180 108 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)A -F1(})A F0(the)180 132 Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F -F2(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 -(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -144 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(number of backslash-escaped special characters tha\ +t are decoded as follo)108 84 Q(ws:)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 +96 Q F1(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 96 Q F2(\\d)144 108 Q F1 +(the date in \231W)180 108 Q(eekday Month Date\232 format \(e.g., \231T) +-.8 E(ue May 26\232\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 120 Q F0(format)A F2(})A F1 +(the)180 132 Q F0(format)3.892 E F1 1.392(is passed to)3.892 F F0 +(strftime)4.232 E F1 1.392 +(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an).18 F +(empty)180 144 Q F0(format)2.5 E F1 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 156 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 156 Q F1(\\h)144 168 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 168 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 180 Q F0 -(the hostname)180 180 Q F1(\\j)144 192 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 192 Q F1(\\l)144 -204 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 204 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) --2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 216 Q F0(ne)180 216 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 228 Q F0(carriage return)180 228 Q F1(\\s)144 240 Q F0 -(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 240 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 -(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 -252 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 252 Q F1(\\T) -144 264 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 264 Q F1 -(\\@)144 276 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 276 Q F1 -(\\A)144 288 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 288 Q F1 -(\\u)144 300 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 300 Q F1(\\v)144 -312 Q F0(the v)180 312 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 324 Q F0(the release of)180 324 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 336 Q F0 .12(the v)180 336 R -.119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119 -(ariable \()-.25 F F1($PWD)A F0 .119(\), with)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -($HOME)2.619 E F0(abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F +(The braces are required)5 E F2(\\e)144 156 Q F1 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 156 Q F2(\\h)144 168 Q F1 +(the hostname up to the \214rst \231.)180 168 Q<9a>-.7 E F2(\\H)144 180 +Q F1(the hostname)180 180 Q F2(\\j)144 192 Q F1 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 192 Q F2(\\l)144 +204 Q F1(the basename of the shell')180 204 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F2(\\n)144 216 Q F1(ne)180 216 Q(wline)-.25 E F2 +(\\r)144 228 Q F1(carriage return)180 228 Q F2(\\s)144 240 Q F1 +(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 240 Q F2($0)2.5 E F1 +(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F2(\\t)144 +252 Q F1(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 252 Q F2(\\T) +144 264 Q F1(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 264 Q F2 +(\\@)144 276 Q F1(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 276 Q F2 +(\\A)144 288 Q F1(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 288 Q F2 +(\\u)144 300 Q F1(the username of the current user)180 300 Q F2(\\v)144 +312 Q F1(the v)180 312 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F2(\\V)144 324 Q F1(the release of)180 324 Q F2 +(bash)2.5 E F1 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F2(\\w)144 336 Q F1 .12(the v)180 336 R +.119(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PWD)2.619 E F1 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119 +(ariable \()-.25 F F2($PWD)A F1 .119(\), with)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +($HOME)2.619 E F1(abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F (the v)180 348 Q(alue of the)-.25 E F3(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM) --.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 360 Q F0 -(the basename of)180 360 Q F1($PWD)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w)C(ith)-2.5 E F3 -($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 372 Q -F0(the history number of this command)180 372 Q F1(\\#)144 384 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 384 Q F1(\\$)144 396 Q F0 +-.36 E F1 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F2(\\W)144 360 Q F1 +(the basename of)180 360 Q F2($PWD)2.5 E F1 2.5(,w)C(ith)-2.5 E F3 +($HOME)2.5 E F1(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F2(\\!)144 372 Q +F1(the history number of this command)180 372 Q F2(\\#)144 384 Q F1 +(the command number of this command)180 384 Q F2(\\$)144 396 Q F1 (if the ef)180 396 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 408 Q F2(nnn) -A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 408 Q F2(nnn) -2.5 E F1(\\\\)144 420 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 420 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 -432 Q F0(be)180 432 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, \ +F2(#)2.5 E F1 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F2($)2.5 E(\\)144 408 Q F0(nnn) +A F1(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 408 Q F0(nnn) +2.5 E F2(\\\\)144 420 Q F1 2.5(ab)180 420 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F2(\\[)144 +432 Q F1(be)180 432 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, \ which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 444 Q F1(\\])144 456 Q F0 +(control sequence into the prompt)180 444 Q F2(\\])144 456 Q F1 (end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 456 Q .12 (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 472.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\ n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 484.8 R F3(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +tory \214le \(see)108 484.8 R F3(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F1 (be-)2.797 E(lo)108 496.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 (cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 508.8 R .822 @@ -5368,62 +5421,61 @@ osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,) -.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 520.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .683(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F -F1(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-) -3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 532.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197 +F2(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F1 .682(shell option \(see the de-) +3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 532.8 R F2(shopt)3.697 E F1 1.197 (command under)3.697 F F3 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198 (can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) 108 544.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 556.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) -72 573.6 Q F0 .15 +72 573.6 Q F1 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 585.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 597.6 R -.15 +108 585.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F2 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F1(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 597.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385 -(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F12.884 E F0 .384 -(option to the)2.884 F F1 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.884 G +(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F22.884 E F1 .384 +(option to the)2.884 F F2 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.884 G 2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 609.6 S 1.406 (ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F 3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407 (ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 621.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) --3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 -.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E +-3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F1(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F1 +.85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F1 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E (\(see)108 633.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +-.828 F F1(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 645.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 662.4 Q -F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.263 E +(emacs)108 645.6 Q F1(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F1(options to the)2.5 E F2 +(set)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 662.4 Q +F1 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) 108 674.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F0 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F1(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 686.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) --.65 E F2(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 +-.65 E F0(meta)4.032 E F1 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F0 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F1 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 (\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 698.4 S .831 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F2(x)3.331 E F0 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F0(meta)3.711 E F1 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F0(x)A F1 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F0(x)3.331 E F1 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 -(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 710.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2 -(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 +(hen the).15 F F0(x)4.1 E F1 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 710.4 R F0 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F1 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F0 +(x)A F1 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F0(x)A F1 3.099(,o)C 3.099 (rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 (hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 722.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(42)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +(hile pressing the).15 E F0(x)3.27 E F1 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(42)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .596 -(Readline commands may be gi)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096(nn).15 G -(umeric)-3.096 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 84 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.096(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F0(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F1 3.096(,w).27 G .596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F (Sometimes,)5.595 E(ho)108 96 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i) .15 H 3.118(ti).4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F @@ -5431,31 +5483,31 @@ BP (ssing a ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) .15 G .619(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 108 R 1.018(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line) -3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 +3.518 E F1 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 120 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 136.8 R F1 -(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 136.8 R F0 +(killing)3.311 E F1(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F1 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 148.8 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 -F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F1 -.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F0 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 148.8 Q F1 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F0 +.029(kill ring)B F1 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) -.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 160.8 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 172.8 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 189.6 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ +108 172.8 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 189.6 Q F1 .091(Readline is c\ ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 -201.6 R F1(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +201.6 R F0(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F1 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 (name of this \214le)2.591 F .431(is tak)108 213.6 R .431(en from the v) --.1 F .432(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.932 E F0 +-.1 F .432(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.932 E F1 -.25(va)2.682 G 2.932(riable. If).25 F .432(that v)2.932 F .432 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .432(ault is)-.1 F F1(\001/.inputr) -3.032 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.432(.I).31 G 2.932(ft)-5.432 G(hat)-2.932 E 3.062 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .432(ault is)-.1 F F0(\001/.inputr) +3.032 E(c)-.37 E F1 5.432(.I).31 G 2.932(ft)-5.432 G(hat)-2.932 E 3.062 (\214le does)108 225.6 R .562(not e)3.062 F .562 -(xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F1 -(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.561(.W).31 G .561 +(xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F0 +(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F1 5.561(.W).31 G .561 (hen a program which uses the)-5.561 F .174(readline library starts up,\ the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 237.6 R .475 -.15 (ey b)-.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175 @@ -5463,104 +5515,103 @@ ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 (asic constructs allo)-2.739 F .239 (wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .238 (Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .238(Lines be)5.238 F(gin-)-.15 E .553 -(ning with a)108 261.6 R F2(#)3.053 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554 -(Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.054 E F0 .554 +(ning with a)108 261.6 R F2(#)3.053 E F1 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554 +(Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.054 E F1 .554 (indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .554(Other lines denote)5.554 F -.1(ke)108 273.6 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E (ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 290.4 R .987(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F1(inputr) -3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 +-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F0(inputr) +3.497 E(c)-.37 E F1 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 (programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 302.4 Q (wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 319.2 S 2.5(re).15 G (xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 348 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 360 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 372 Q F1 -(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G -(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1 -(univer)2.58 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.01(The follo) -108 388.8 R 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F -F1 -.4(RU)3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F1 -(ESC)4.021 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)4.211 E F0 -(,).73 E F1(RET)4.141 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108.63 400.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E -F1(SPC)2.83 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 -G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 417.6 R .209(ws k)-.25 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 376.8 Q F0 +(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F1 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F0 +(univer)2.58 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F1(.).68 E 1.01(The follo) +108 393.6 R 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F +F0 -.4(RU)3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F1(,)1.27 E F0(DEL)4.091 E F1(,).53 E F0 +(ESC)4.021 E F1(,).72 E F0(LFD)4.091 E F1(,).28 E F0(NEWLINE)4.211 E F1 +(,).73 E F0(RET)4.141 E F1(,)1.27 E F0(RETURN)108.63 405.6 Q F1(,)1.1 E +F0(SPC)2.83 E F1(,).72 E F0(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F1 2.5(,a).73 +G(nd)-2.5 E F0 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F1(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 422.4 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 429.6 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2 -(Readline K)87 446.4 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 458.4 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 434.4 Q F0(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F1(\).)A F2 +(Readline K)87 451.2 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F1 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 463.2 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F F0(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F1 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 470.4 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 475.2 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) .15 F .263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .138(\214ed in one of tw)108 -482.4 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 -(ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) -2.638 E F1(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 494.4 Q -.161(When using the form)108 511.2 R F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A -F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 E F1(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A -F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 523.2 R(or e) --.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 547.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 559.2 Q -(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 571.2 Q .698 -(In the abo)108 588 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u) -3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) --.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 600 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w) -2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258 -(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +487.2 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 +(ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F0(Meta\255)2.638 E F1(or) +2.638 E F0(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F1(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 +(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 499.2 Q +.161(When using the form)108 516 R F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F1(:)A +F0(function\255name).833 E F1(or)2.661 E F0(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F1(,)A +F0 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F1 .16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 528 R(or e)-.15 +E(xample:)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(Control-u: universal\255argument)144 +544.8 Q(Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word)144 556.8 Q +(Control-o: "> output")144 568.8 Q F1 .698(In the abo)108 585.6 R .998 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F0(C\255u)3.038 E F1 .698 +(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F1(,)A F0(M\255DEL)3.878 E F1 .698 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 597.6 Q F2 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F1 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F0 +(C\255o)2.599 E F1 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -612 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 628.8 R F2("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 640.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ -ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 652.8 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 664.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 688.8 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 700.8 Q -("\\e[11\001": "Function K)144 712.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E 1.81 -(In this e)108 729.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)4.15 E F0 1.81(is ag) -4.56 F 1.809(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)4.309 E -.1(ve)-.1 -G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 1.809(C\255x C\255r)6.649 F F0 -1.809(is bound to the)5.039 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31) -142.895 E(43)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +609.6 Q(xt \231> output\232 into the line\).)-.15 E .055 +(In the second form,)108 626.4 R F2("k)2.555 E(eyseq")-.1 E F1(:)A F0 +(function\255name).833 E F1(or)2.555 E F0(macr)2.555 E(o)-.45 E F1(,)A +F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F1(dif)2.556 E .056(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1 +(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F1(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 +G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284(denoting an entire k)108 638.4 R 1.584 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence may be speci\214ed by placing the sequenc\ +e within double quotes.).15 F(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 +650.4 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385(scapes can be used, as in the follo) +.15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386(xample, b)-.15 F .386 +(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F(are not recognized.)108 662.4 Q +F4("\\C\255u": universal\255argument)144 679.2 Q +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255file)144 691.2 Q +("\\e[11\001": "Function Key 1")144 703.2 Q F1 1.81(In this e)108 720 R +(xample,)-.15 E F0(C\255u)4.15 E F1 1.81(is ag)4.56 F 1.809 +(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)4.309 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F1(.)A F0 1.809(C\255x C\255r)6.649 F F1 +1.809(is bound to the)5.039 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 +E(43)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(function)108 84 Q -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)2.5 G.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le) --.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC [ 1 1 \001)3.01 -E F0(is bound to insert the te)2.61 E(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF -(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 100.8 Q F1 -<5c43ad>144 112.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 112.8 Q F1<5c4dad>144 124.8 -Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 124.8 Q F1(\\e)144 136.8 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 136.8 Q F1(\\\\)144 148.8 Q F0(backslash)180 -148.8 Q F1(\\")144 160.8 Q F0(literal ")180 160.8 Q F1<5c08>144 172.8 Q -F0(literal \010)180 172.8 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(function)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)2.5 +G.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F1 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F0 +(ESC [ 1 1 \001)3.01 E F1(is bound to insert the te)2.61 E +(xt \231Function K)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H<9a2e>.15 E +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 100.8 Q F2 +<5c43ad>144 112.8 Q F1(control pre\214x)180 112.8 Q F2<5c4dad>144 124.8 +Q F1(meta pre\214x)180 124.8 Q F2(\\e)144 136.8 Q F1 +(an escape character)180 136.8 Q F2(\\\\)144 148.8 Q F1(backslash)180 +148.8 Q F2(\\")144 160.8 Q F1(literal ")180 160.8 Q F2<5c08>144 172.8 Q +F1(literal \010)180 172.8 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 189.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 -G(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 201.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 201.6 Q F1(\\b) -144 213.6 Q F0(backspace)180 213.6 Q F1(\\d)144 225.6 Q F0(delete)180 -225.6 Q F1(\\f)144 237.6 Q F0(form feed)180 237.6 Q F1(\\n)144 249.6 Q -F0(ne)180 249.6 Q(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 261.6 Q F0(carriage return)180 -261.6 Q F1(\\t)144 273.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 273.6 Q F1(\\v)144 -285.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 285.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 297.6 Q F2 -(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 297.6 Q -(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 309.6 Q F2(HH)A F0 +G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 201.6 Q F1(alert \(bell\))180 201.6 Q F2(\\b) +144 213.6 Q F1(backspace)180 213.6 Q F2(\\d)144 225.6 Q F1(delete)180 +225.6 Q F2(\\f)144 237.6 Q F1(form feed)180 237.6 Q F2(\\n)144 249.6 Q +F1(ne)180 249.6 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 261.6 Q F1(carriage return)180 +261.6 Q F2(\\t)144 273.6 Q F1(horizontal tab)180 273.6 Q F2(\\v)144 +285.6 Q F1 -.15(ve)180 285.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 297.6 Q F0 +(nnn)A F1(the eight-bit character whose v)180 297.6 Q +(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F0(nnn)2.5 E F1 +(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 309.6 Q F0(HH)A F1 (the eight-bit character whose v)180 309.6 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F0(HH)2.5 E F1(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 326.4 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 338.4 R .09 @@ -5568,41 +5619,41 @@ dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 338.4 R .09 5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 350.4 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F (will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 367.2 Q F0(allo)2.929 E +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 367.2 Q F1(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.93 E F1 -.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 (The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 379.2 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 391.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 408 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 420 R +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F22.545 E F1 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F2(set)2.545 E F1 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 391.2 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(Readline V)87 408 Q(ariables)-.92 E F1 .043(Readline has v)108 420 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 432 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 448.8 Q F2 -(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 460.8 Q F1(bind)2.5 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .79 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F0(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 432 Q(c)-.37 E +F1(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 448.8 Q F0 +(variable\255name value)2.5 E F1(or using the)108 460.8 Q F2(bind)2.5 E +F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .79 (Except where noted, readline v)108 477.6 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F -3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1 -(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) -.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 489.6 R .448 -(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) --.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 -(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) -2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -513.6 S(lues are:).25 E F1(acti)108 530.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E -(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 2.729(As)144 542.4 S .229(tring v) --2.729 F .229(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229 +3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F1(or)3.29 E F2 +(Off)3.29 E F1 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) +.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .508(nized v)108 489.6 R .508 +(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .508(When readline reads a v)5.508 F +.508(ariable v)-.25 F .508(alue, empty or null v)-.25 F .509 +(alues, \231on\232 \(case-)-.25 F(insensiti)108 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +.594(\), and \2311\232 are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .594(lent to).25 F +F2(On)3.094 E F1 5.594(.A)C .594(ll other v)-5.594 F .593 +(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .593(lent to).25 F F2(Off)3.093 E +F1 5.593(.T)C .593(he v)-5.593 F .593(ariables and their)-.25 F(def)108 +513.6 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alues are:)-.25 E F2(acti)108 530.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G +.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F1 2.729(As)144 542.4 S .229 +(tring v)-2.729 F .229(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229 (xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .23 (xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 554.4 Q 1.527 -(gion \(see the description of)-.15 F F1(enable\255acti)4.026 E -.1(ve) --.1 G.1 E(egion)-.18 E F0(belo)4.026 E 4.026(w\). This)-.25 F +(gion \(see the description of)-.15 F F2(enable\255acti)4.026 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G.1 E(egion)-.18 E F1(belo)4.026 E 4.026(w\). This)-.25 F 1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.026(eu)-.1 G 4.026(pa)-4.026 G -.15 (ny)-4.026 G(ph)144 566.4 Q .283 (ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.783(,s)-.65 G 2.784 @@ -5617,12 +5668,12 @@ F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 (alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .655 (terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal')144 602.4 R 3.154(st)-.55 G .654(erminfo description.)-3.154 F 3.154(As)5.654 G .654 -(ample v)-3.154 F(alue)-.25 E(might be)144 614.4 Q F3("\\e[01;33m")2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(acti)108 626.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255end\255color) --.18 E F0 3.908(As)144 638.4 S 1.408(tring v)-3.908 F 1.408 -(ariable that "undoes" the ef)-.25 F 1.408(fects of)-.25 F F1(acti)3.908 -E -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 1.409 -(and restores "normal")3.908 F .216 +(ample v)-3.154 F(alue)-.25 E(might be \231\\e[01;33m\232.)144 614.4 Q +F2(acti)108 626.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E +F1 3.777(As)144 638.4 S 1.277(tring v)-3.777 F 1.277 +(ariable that \231undoes\232 the ef)-.25 F 1.277(fects of)-.25 F F2 +(acti)3.777 E -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F1 +1.278(and restores \231normal\232)3.778 F .216 (terminal display appearance after displaying te)144 650.4 R .216 (xt in the acti)-.15 F .516 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.716 (ion. This).15 F .216(string must not tak)2.716 F 2.716(eu)-.1 G(p) @@ -5638,88 +5689,88 @@ F .427(xt in the acti)-.15 F .727 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.927 .518(The def)5.518 F .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue is the string that)-.25 F .252(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\ erminal')144 698.4 R 2.751(st)-.55 G .251(erminfo description.)-2.751 F -(A)5.251 E(sample v)144 710.4 Q(alue might be)-.25 E F3("\\e[0m")2.5 E -F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(44)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +(A)5.251 E(sample v)144 710.4 Q(alue might be \231\\e[0m\232.)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(44)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(bell\255style \(audible\))108 84 Q F0 .01 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 96 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 108 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bell\255style \(audible\))108 +84 Q F1 .01(Controls what happens when readline w)144 96 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F2(none) +2.511 E F1 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 108 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E F1 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) --.2 G 3.44(ilable. 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If)-.25 F .577 -(there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F1($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F0 .577 -(for the cus-)3.077 F .135(tom suf)144 276 R .135(\214x "readline-color\ -ed-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\ -\214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108 300 -Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 312 R F1(On)4.079 E -F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) --4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 -(type. The)144 324 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 -E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 336 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E -F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 348 R F1 -(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 360 Q F1 -(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) -108 372 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ +(there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F2($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F1 .577 +(for the cus-)3.077 F .07(tom suf)144 276 R .069(\214x \231readline-col\ +ored-completion-pre\214x\232, readline uses this color for the common p\ +re\214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(color)108 +300 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F1 1.579(If set to)144 312 R F2(On) +4.079 E F1 4.079(,r)C 1.579 +(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.079 F 1.58 +(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 324 R +(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)-.25 +E F2(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F1(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2 +(comment\255begin \()108 336 Q F1<99>A F2(#)A F1<9a>A F2(\))A F1 .885 +(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 348 R F2 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F1 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 360 Q F2 +(M\255#)2.5 E F1(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F2(#)2.5 E F1 +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F2(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) +108 372 Q F1 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ e matches when performing completion.)144 384 R .194(The v)144 396 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F (cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 408 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 420 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 432 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F2(completion\255ignor)108 420 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F1(If set to)144 432 Q F2(On)2.5 E F1 2.5(,r)C (eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ -siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 444 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 456 R -F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E -(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 -(yphens \()-.05 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 -(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 468 Q F3(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G -(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E -.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 -(completion\255pr)108 480 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 -.829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ -ble completions that is displayed)144 492 R 1.274 -(without modi\214cation.)144 504 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 516 S(lue are replaced with an \ -ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 528 Q F0 .53 +siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F2 +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 444 Q F1 .093(If set to)144 456 R +F2(On)2.593 E F1 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F2(completion\255ignor)2.593 E +(e\255case)-.18 E F1 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 +(yphens \()-.05 F F0A F1 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 F +(\()144 468 Q F0(_)A F1 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 +G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H +(lename matching and completion.).15 E F2(completion\255pr)108 480 Q +(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F1 .829(The length in charact\ +ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ +splayed)144 492 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 504 R 1.274 +(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 516 S(lue are repla\ +ced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F2 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 528 Q F1 .53 (This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 540 R .529 (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 552 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +144 552 R F2(possible\255completions)3.06 E F1 3.06(command. It)3.06 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) -.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 564 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ @@ -5730,104 +5781,104 @@ the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 576 S .367 5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 600 Q -F1(con)108 612 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to) -144 624 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F +F2(con)108 612 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F1 .612(If set to) +144 624 R F2(On)3.112 E F1 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k) .15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 636 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F3 .541(meta pr)3.041 F -(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 648 Q F0 3.75(\). The)B(def)3.75 E 1.25(ault is)-.1 -F F3(On)3.75 E F0 3.75(,b)C 1.251(ut readline will set it to)-3.95 F F3 -(Of)3.751 E(f)-.18 E F0 1.251 +144 636 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F0 .541(meta pr)3.041 F +(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 648 Q F1 3.75(\). The)B(def)3.75 E 1.25(ault is)-.1 +F F0(On)3.75 E F1 3.75(,b)C 1.251(ut readline will set it to)-3.95 F F0 +(Of)3.751 E(f)-.18 E F1 1.251 (if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)3.751 F 1.142(This v)144 -660 R 1.142(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F1(LC_CTYPE)3.641 E F0 +660 R 1.142(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F2(LC_CTYPE)3.641 E F1 1.141(locale cate)3.641 F(gory)-.15 E 3.641(,a)-.65 G 1.141 -(nd may change if the locale is)-3.641 F(changed.)144 672 Q F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 684 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 696 R F1 -(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +(nd may change if the locale is)-3.641 F(changed.)144 672 Q F2 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 684 Q F1 .038(If set to)144 696 R F2 +(On)2.538 E F1 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 708 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(45)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +144 708 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F2(self-insert)2.5 E F1 +(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(45)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(echo\255contr)108 84 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 -(When set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G -1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(echo\255contr)108 84 Q +(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F1 1.211(When set to)144 96 R F2(On) +3.711 E F1 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G 1.211 +(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F (corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 108 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 120 Q F0 .141 +(board.).15 E F2(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 120 Q F1 .141 (Controls whether readline be)144 132 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(Emacs)2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) -5.142 E F0(can be set to either)144 144 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 156 Q F0 .518 -(If the)144 168 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 --.25(va)3.018 G .517 -(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 -F .622(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti) -144 180 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622 -(alue is e)-.25 F .622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 192 -S 3.34(yb)-.05 G .839 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F .839 -(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 204 S 2.798 +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F0(Emacs)2.642 E F1 +(or)2.642 E F0(vi)2.642 E F1(.)A F2(editing\255mode)5.142 E F1 +(can be set to either)144 144 Q F2(emacs)2.5 E F1(or)2.5 E F2(vi)2.5 E +F1(.)A F2(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 156 Q F1 .518(If the)144 168 +R F0(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 -.25(va)3.018 G +.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +.25 F .622 +(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 180 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F +.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 192 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G +.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F +.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 204 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 216 Q F1(enable\255acti)108 228 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E -(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 240 Q F2(point)3.246 E F0 .746 -(is the current cursor position, and)3.246 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746 +144 216 Q F2(enable\255acti)108 228 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E +(egion \(On\))-.18 E F1(The)144 240 Q F0(point)3.246 E F1 .746 +(is the current cursor position, and)3.246 F F0(mark)3.246 E F1 .746 (refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 G .746 (ursor position.)-3.246 F .745(The te)5.746 F .745(xt be-)-.15 F .344 -(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 252 R F2 -.37(re) -2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.845 E F0 2.845(,r)C .345(eadline al-) +(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 252 R F0 -.37(re) +2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F1 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F0(On)2.845 E F1 2.845(,r)C .345(eadline al-) -2.845 F(lo)144 264 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 -F .098(gion as)-.15 F F2(active)2.598 E F0 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re) +F .098(gion as)-.15 F F0(active)2.598 E F1 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re) -5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098 (eadline high-)-2.598 F .97(lights the te)144 276 R .97(xt in the re) --.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F1(acti) -3.471 E -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 3.471 +-.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F2(acti) +3.471 E -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F1 3.471 (,w)C .971(hich def)-3.471 F .971(aults to)-.1 F .485 (the string that enables the terminal')144 288 R 2.985(ss)-.55 G .485 (tandout mode.)-2.985 F .485(The acti)5.485 F .785 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15 (eg).15 G .484(ion sho).15 F .484(ws the te)-.25 F .484(xt inserted by) -.15 F(brack)144 300 Q(eted-paste and an)-.1 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(atching te) -2.5 E(xt found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.) --.15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 312 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 .84 -(When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.34 E F0 3.34(,r)C .841(eadline con\214gu\ +-.15 E F2(enable\255brack)108 312 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F1 .84 +(When set to)144 324 R F2(On)3.34 E F1 3.34(,r)C .841(eadline con\214gu\ res the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.34 F(uf)-.2 E .841(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of tre\ ating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 336 R -.15 (ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.158(board. This)144 348 R(pre)3.158 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .658(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .658(cuting an).15 F 3.158 (ye)-.15 G .659(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .959 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -.659(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 360 Q(xt.)-.15 E F1 -(enable\255k)108 372 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893(When set to)144 384 R -F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +.659(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 360 Q(xt.)-.15 E F2 +(enable\255k)108 372 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F1 .893(When set to)144 384 R +F2(On)3.393 E F1 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F (tems need this to enable the arro)144 396 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 408 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +G(s.).15 E F2(enable\255meta\255k)108 408 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F1 .64 +(When set to)144 420 R F2(On)3.14 E F1 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 (he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 432 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H -2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 444 Q F0(If set to)144 456 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F2 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 444 Q F1(If set to)144 456 Q F2(On)2.5 E F1 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 468 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 480 R F1(On)3.052 -E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F2(history\255pr)108 468 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F1 .553(If set to)144 480 R F2(On)3.052 +E F1 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 492 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\)) -108 504 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 516 R +G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E +F1(or)2.5 E F2(next-history)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(history\255size \(unset\)) +108 504 Q F1 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.) -3.448 F .949(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 528 R 2.983(we)-.25 G @@ -5835,60 +5886,60 @@ E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 528 R 2.983(we)-.25 G (set to a v)2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 (ber of history entries is not limited.)144 540 R .277(By def)5.277 F .278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 552 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 -F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 -(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 564 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 576 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 588 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 552 Q F2(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F1 .911(shell v)3.411 +F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F0 +(history\255size)3.41 E F1 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 564 Q F2 +(horizontal\255scr)108 576 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F1 .448 +(When set to)144 588 R F2(On)2.948 E F1 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ ne)144 600 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 612 R -(setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 -(input\255meta \(Off\))108 624 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 636 R F1(On) -3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ +(setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F2 +(input\255meta \(Off\))108 624 Q F1 1.061(If set to)144 636 R F2(On) +3.561 E F1 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336 (characters it reads\), re)144 648 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 (rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name) -5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 660 S(ynon) +5.335 F F2(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F1(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 660 S(ynon) -2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E -.364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364 -(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 +.364(ault is)-.1 F F0(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F1 2.864(,b)C .364 +(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F0(On)2.864 E F1 .365 (if the locale contains)2.865 F 1.867(eight-bit characters.)144 672 R -1.867(This v)6.867 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F1 -(LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F0 1.866(locale cate)4.366 F(gory)-.15 E 4.366(,a)-.65 -G 1.866(nd may)-4.366 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 684 Q F1 -(isear)108 696 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.935(ing the character as a command.)144 720 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(46)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +1.867(This v)6.867 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F2 +(LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F1 1.866(locale cate)4.366 F(gory)-.15 E 4.366(,a)-.65 +G 1.866(nd may)-4.366 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 684 Q F2 +(isear)108 696 Q(ch\255terminators \()-.18 E F1<99>A F2(C\255[C\255J)A +F1<9a>A F2(\))A F1 .439(The string of characters that should terminate \ +an incremental search without subsequently e)144 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cut-).15 E .935(ing the character as a command.)144 720 R .935 +(If this v)5.935 F .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.434(nav).15 G .934(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F0(ESC)3.434 E F1 +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(46)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(and)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(C\255J)2.5 E F0 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(and)144 84 Q F0(C\255J)2.5 E F1 (will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1 -(ke)108 96 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 +(ke)108 96 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F1 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 108 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F1 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F0 2.021 (emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .042 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 120 R F0 2.542(,a)C -(nd)-2.542 E F1(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 -(is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command) -2.541 E F0(;)A F1(emacs)2.541 E F0 .448(is equi)144 132 R -.25(va)-.25 G -.448(lent to).25 F F1(emacs\255standar)2.948 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.448(.T)C -.448(he def)-5.448 F .448(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F1(emacs) -3.139 E F0 2.949(;t).27 G .449(he v)-2.949 F .449(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(editing\255mode)2.949 E F0 .449(also af-)2.949 F(fects the def)144 144 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 120 R F1 2.542(,a)C +(nd)-2.542 E F0(vi\255insert)2.832 E F1(.).68 E F0(vi)5.042 E F1 .042 +(is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F0(vi\255command) +2.541 E F1(;)A F0(emacs)2.541 E F1 .448(is equi)144 132 R -.25(va)-.25 G +.448(lent to).25 F F0(emacs\255standar)2.948 E(d)-.37 E F1 5.448(.T)C +.448(he def)-5.448 F .448(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F0(emacs) +3.139 E F1 2.949(;t).27 G .449(he v)-2.949 F .449(alue of)-.25 F F2 +(editing\255mode)2.949 E F1 .449(also af-)2.949 F(fects the def)144 144 Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F2 -.1(ke)108 156 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 168 R -F1 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F1 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 168 R +F0 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F1 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) -.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 180 R .824 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E @@ -5896,105 +5947,104 @@ F1 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 .525(dditional in-)-3.025 F .807(put to complete a longer k)144 192 R 1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei) 3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .806(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F -F1 -.37(re)3.306 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.306 E .906(use the shorter b) +F0 -.37(re)3.306 G(adline).37 E F1(will)3.306 E .906(use the shorter b) 144 204 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 (equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 (lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907(alue of)-.25 F -.05(1000 means that)144 216 R F1 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 +.05(1000 means that)144 216 R F0 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F1 .05 (will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05 (If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 (less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 228 R(alue,)-.25 -E F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 +E F0 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F1 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) -2.552 E(to decide which k)144 240 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H (equence to complete.).15 E F2(mark\255dir)108 252 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 264 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +-.18 E F1(If set to)144 264 Q F2(On)2.5 E F1 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 276 Q F0(If set to)144 -288 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 276 Q F1(If set to)144 +288 Q F2(On)2.5 E F1 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2 -(*)A F0(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 300 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 312 R F2(On)2.675 E F0 +(*)A F1(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 300 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F1 .175(If set to)144 312 R F2(On)2.675 E F1 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 324 -Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F2 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 336 Q F0 .192(This v)144 348 R -.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 360 R .456 -(If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 372 Q F2 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 384 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 396 R F2(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F1(\).)A F2 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 336 Q F1 .012(This v)144 348 R +.013(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.513 E F1 2.513(,f)C .013 +(orces readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.513 F .013 +(gin with a \231.)-.15 F 5.013<9a28>-.7 G(hidden)-5.013 E .127 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 360 R .127 +(If set to)5.127 F F2(Off)2.627 E F1 2.627(,t)C .127 +(he user must include the leading \231.)-2.627 F 5.126<9a69>-.7 G(n) +-5.126 E(the \214lename to be completed.)144 372 Q F2 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 384 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F1 +1.585(If set to)144 396 R F2(On)4.085 E F1 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) -4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 408 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 420 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 432 R F2(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 420 Q F1 +.507(If set to)144 432 R F2(On)3.007 E F1 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 444 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 -(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .885 +(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F0(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F1 3.384(,b)C +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F0(On)3.384 E F1 .885 (if the locale contains)3.384 F 1.867(eight-bit characters.)144 456 R 1.867(This v)6.867 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F2 -(LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F0 1.866(locale cate)4.366 F(gory)-.15 E 4.366(,a)-.65 +(LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F1 1.866(locale cate)4.366 F(gory)-.15 E 4.366(,a)-.65 G 1.866(nd may)-4.366 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 468 Q F2 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 480 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 492 R F2(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F1(mor) -3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 480 Q F1 .808(If set to)144 492 R F2(On) +3.308 E F1 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F0(mor) +3.308 E(e)-.37 E F1(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F (tions at a time.)144 504 Q F2 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .228 -(If set to)144 528 R F2(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 516 Q F1 .228 +(If set to)144 528 R F2(On)2.727 E F1 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or) -2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 540 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E (wn the screen.)-.25 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 552 T -(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .698(If set to)144 564 R -F2(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F1 .698(If set to)144 564 R +F2(On)3.198 E F1 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F2(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 576 S +-3.198 F F2(accept\255line)3.199 E F1(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 576 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 588 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F2(sear)108 600 Q(ch\255ignor)-.18 E(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 -E F0 .289(If set to)144 612 R F2(On)2.789 E F0 2.789(,r)C .289(eadline \ +.18 E F1(.)A F2(sear)108 600 Q(ch\255ignor)-.18 E(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 +E F1 .289(If set to)144 612 R F2(On)2.789 E F1 2.789(,r)C .289(eadline \ performs incremental and non-incremental history list searches in a cas\ e\255in-)-2.789 F(sensiti)144 624 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F2 -(sho)108 636 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .304 +(sho)108 636 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F1 .304 (This alters the def)144 648 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On) -2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F1 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 660 R(bell.)144 672 Q F2 -(sho)108 684 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(sho)108 684 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F1 5.346 (This alters the def)144 696 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F2(sho)144 708 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C -4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F2(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +-.1 F F2(sho)144 708 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F1 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F2(On)4.191 E F1 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 (ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 720 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 -768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(47)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(47)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(cause the matches\ - to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 96 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 1.021(If set to)144 108 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 -(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 -(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F -(command, or vi insertion.)144 120 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E -(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 132 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 144 R -F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(cause the matches to be listed immediately instead\ + of ringing the bell.)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 96 Q +(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F1 1.021(If set to)144 +108 R F2(On)3.521 E F1 3.521(,a)C 1.022(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F +1.022(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 +F(command, or vi insertion.)144 120 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E +(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F0(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F1(\).)A F2 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 132 Q F1 .095(If set to)144 144 R +F2(On)2.595 E F1 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 (ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 (vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 156 Q 2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 @@ -6002,9 +6052,9 @@ F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 168 R 1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 180 Q -(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 192 Q F0 .517(If the)144 -204 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F2 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 192 Q F1 .517(If the)144 +204 R F0(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 -.25(va)3.017 G .518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) 144 216 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 @@ -6015,8 +6065,8 @@ the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 168 R -.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F .244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -252 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 264 Q F0 .517 -(If the)144 276 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +252 Q F2(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 264 Q F1 .517 +(If the)144 276 R F0(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 @@ -6028,538 +6078,544 @@ F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F .244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -324 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 348 R -F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F -3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 +324 Q F2(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 336 Q F1 .846(If set to)144 348 R +F2(On)3.346 E F1 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F +3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F0(stat)3.346 E F1 .846 (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 360 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 376.8 Q F0 .05 +(when listing possible completions.)144 360 Q F2 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 376.8 Q F1 .05 (Readline implements a f)108 388.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 (which allo)108 400.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 429.6 Q F0(The)144 429.6 Q F1($if)2.963 -E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ -he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F -(or the application using readline.)144 441.6 Q(The te)5 E -(xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E -(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 453.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ -erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 470.4 Q F0(The)180 470.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) -3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 -(su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F -3.065(mode. This)180 482.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) -3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 -(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 494.4 R -F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) -3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F -(out in emacs mode.)180 506.4 Q F1(term)144 523.2 Q F0(The)180 523.2 Q -F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 535.2 R +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F2($if)108 429.6 Q F1(The)144 429.6 Q F2($if)2.963 +E F1 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .961 +(or the application using readline.)144 441.6 R .961(The te)5.961 F .961 +(xt of the test, after an)-.15 F 3.462(yc)-.15 G .962 +(omparison operator)-3.462 F 3.462(,e)-.4 G .962(xtends to)-3.612 F(the\ + end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no characters are required to\ + isolate it.)144 453.6 Q F2(mode)144 470.4 Q F1(The)180 470.4 Q F2 +(mode=)3.712 E F1 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F2($if)3.711 E F1(directi) +3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 +(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 +(mode. This)180 482.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +F2 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F1 .565(command, for instance, to) +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 494.4 R F0(emacs\255standar)3.235 E +(d)-.37 E F1(and)3.235 E F0(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F1 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 +(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 506.4 +Q F2(term)144 523.2 Q F1(The)180 523.2 Q F2(term=)3.196 E F1 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 535.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 547.2 Q F1(=)3.232 -E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 547.2 Q F2(=)3.231 +E F1 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -559.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 -(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E -F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 576 S(rsion).1 E F0 -(The)180 588 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 -(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 -(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 600 Q F1 -.1 -(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272 -(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271 -(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 612 Q F1(=)3.063 E -F0 3.063(,\()C(and)-3.063 E F1(==)3.063 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.063 E F0(,)A -F1(<=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.063 E F0 3.063(,a)C(nd) --3.063 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.564(.T)C .564(he v)-5.564 F .564 +559.2 Q F22.5 E F1 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F0(sun)2.84 E F1 +(to match both)2.74 E F0(sun)2.84 E F1(and)2.74 E F0(sun\255cmd)2.84 E +F1 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F2 -.1(ve)144 576 S(rsion).1 E F1 +(The)180 588 Q F2 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F1 .608 +(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608 +(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 600 Q F2 -.1 +(ve)2.771 G(rsion).1 E F1 -.15(ex)2.771 G .271 +(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.772(ersion. The)-.15 F .272 +(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 612 Q F2(=)3.064 E +F1 3.064(,\()C(and)-3.064 E F2(==)3.064 E F1(\),)A F2(!=)3.064 E F1(,)A +F2(<=)3.064 E F1(,)A F2(>=)3.064 E F1(,)A F2(<)3.064 E F1 3.064(,a)C(nd) +-3.064 E F2(>)3.064 E F1 5.563(.T)C .563(he v)-5.563 F .563 (ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 (of the operator consists of a major v)180 624 R .318(ersion number)-.15 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 -(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 636 R -.1(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.6 E F0 .1(\). If the minor v)B .101 -(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.601 E F0 5.101(.T) -C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 648 R F1 --.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 -(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 660 Q F1 -(application)144 676.8 Q F0(The)180 688.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 -.503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 -F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -700.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -712.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 724.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .101(tional minor v)180 636 +R .101(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F2(7.1)2.601 E F1 .101(\). If the minor v)B +.1(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F2(0)2.6 E F1 5.1(.T)C +(he)-5.1 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 648 R F2 +-.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F1 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 +(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 660 Q F0 +(application)144.33 676.8 Q F1(The)180 688.8 Q F0(application)3.226 E F1 +.726(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.226 +F .726(Each program)5.726 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 +700.8 R F0 .114(application name)2.614 F F1 2.614(,a)C .114 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) +180 712.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F +.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F +.396(ci\214c program.)180 724.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(48)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(48)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(current or pre)180 -84 Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A -F1($if)180 108 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 120 S(uote the current or pre) --2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 132 Q -F1($endif)180 144 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)144 160.8 Q F0(The) -180 172.8 Q F2(variable)3.776 E F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 -(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 -184.8 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 -(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(current or pre)180 84 Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F1(:)A/F3 10/Courier-Bold@0 SF($if)180 +100.8 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(Bash)6 E 6(#Q)180 112.8 S +(uote the current or previous word)-6 E("\\C-xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 +124.8 Q F3($endif)180 136.8 Q F0(variable)144.29 153.6 Q F1(The)180 +165.6 Q F0(variable)3.777 E F1 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +177.6 R F0(=)2.579 E F1(,)A F0(==)2.579 E F1 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F0 +(!=)2.579 E F1 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08 (ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ -or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 196.8 R .13 -(the v)180 208.8 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F -.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F -(tested. 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Boolean v)180 213.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E +(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F0(on)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F0(of)2.5 E(f) +-.18 E F1(.)A F2($endif)108 230.4 Q F1(This command, as seen in the pre) +144 230.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F2($if)2.5 E F1 +(command.)2.5 E F2($else)108 247.2 Q F1(Commands in this branch of the) +144 247.2 Q F2($if)2.5 E F1(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F2($include)108 264 +Q F1 .357(This directi)144 276 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 295.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 --.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 319.2 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 336 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 348 R .835 +144 288 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F0(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F1(:)A F2 +($include)144 304.8 Q F0(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F2(Sear)87 321.6 Q +(ching)-.18 E F1 .834(Readline pro)108 333.6 R .834 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 360 Q -(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E -(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 376.8 R .697 +/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F1(belo)3.085 E +.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 345.6 Q +(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F0(incr)2.51 E +(emental)-.37 E F1(and)3.01 E F0(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F1(.).51 +E .698(Incremental searches be)108 362.4 R .698 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 388.8 R .112 +.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 374.4 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 400.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 386.4 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 412.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) -2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 +(acters present in the v)108 398.4 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F2(isear) +2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F1 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 424.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 410.4 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 436.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 -(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 448.8 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) -108 465.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 477.6 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 489.6 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +F .096(mental search.)108 422.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 +(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 434.4 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) +108 451.2 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 +(search backw)108 463.2 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 475.2 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 501.6 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 513.6 -Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 530.4 -R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) --3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 542.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G -(earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) --2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 559.2 R(The searc\ -h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 571.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 588 Q F0 1.391 -(The follo)108 600 R 1.391 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E +.54(instance, a)108 487.2 R F0(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F1 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 +499.2 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 +516 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 +(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E +(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 528 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(earch string, readline uses an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G +(emembered search string.)-2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the\ + entire search string before starting to search for matching history li\ +nes.)108 544.8 R(The search string may be typed by the user or be part \ +of the contents of the current line.)108 556.8 Q F2 +(Readline Command Names)87 573.6 Q F1 1.392(The follo)108 585.6 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 612 R .122 -(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 624 Q F2(point)3.41 E -F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 636 Q F0 2.5 +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 597.6 R .121 +(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 +(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 609.6 Q F0(point)3.411 +E F1 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F0(mark) +3.411 E F1 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 +(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F2(set\255mark)108 621.6 Q F1 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 652.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 664.8 Q F0(Mo)144 676.8 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 688.8 Q F0(Mo)144 700.8 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 -Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(49)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F0 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F1(.)A F2(Commands f)87 638.4 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 650.4 Q F1(Mo)144 662.4 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 674.4 Q F1(Mo)144 686.4 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 +698.4 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F1(Mo)144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(49)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 --.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 -H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 132 S(rward\255w).25 E -(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 144 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E -.523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F -.522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 156 Q F1(backward\255w)108 168 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) --.1 E F0(Mo)144 180 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(backward\255char \(C\255b\)) +108 84 Q F1(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 +E F2 -.25(fo)108 108 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F1(Mo)144 +120 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 +F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 +(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 132 Q F2(backward\255w)108 144 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F1(Mo)144 156 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 192 Q F1(shell\255f)108 204 Q -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 216 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 168 Q F2(shell\255f)108 180 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F1(Mo)144 192 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) .15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) -.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F -(ters.)144 228 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 240 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -252 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) -.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 264 Q -F1(pr)108 276 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 -.891(Attempt to mo)144 288 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891 +(ters.)144 204 Q F2(shell\255backward\255w)108 216 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(Mo)144 +228 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 240 Q +F2(pr)108 252 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F1 +.89(Attempt to mo)144 264 R 1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89 (oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F -.89(vious ph)-.25 F .89(ysical screen line.)-.05 F 1.055 -(This will not ha)144 300 R 1.355 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.055(he desired ef) -.15 F 1.056(fect if the current readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.556 -(eu)-.1 G 3.556(pm)-3.556 G 1.056(ore than one)-3.556 F(ph)144 312 Q(ys\ +.891(vious ph)-.25 F .891(ysical screen line.)-.05 F 1.056 +(This will not ha)144 276 R 1.356 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.056(he desired ef) +.15 F 1.056(fect if the current readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.555 +(eu)-.1 G 3.555(pm)-3.555 G 1.055(ore than one)-3.555 F(ph)144 288 Q(ys\ ical line or if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus\ - the screen width.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 324 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 -.638(Attempt to mo)144 336 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638 -(oint to the same ph).15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F -.637(xt ph)-.15 F .637(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .194(will not ha) -144 348 R .494 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .194(he desired ef).15 F .194 -(fect if the current readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.695(eu)-.1 G -2.695(pm)-2.695 G .195(ore than one ph)-2.695 F(ysical)-.05 E .164(line\ + the screen width.)-.05 E F2(next\255scr)108 300 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F1 +.637(Attempt to mo)144 312 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637 +(oint to the same ph).15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F +.638(xt ph)-.15 F .638(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .195(will not ha) +144 324 R .495 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .195(he desired ef).15 F .194 +(fect if the current readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.694(eu)-.1 G +2.694(pm)-2.694 G .194(ore than one ph)-2.694 F(ysical)-.05 E .164(line\ or if the length of the current readline line is not greater than the \ -length of the prompt plus the)144 360 R(screen width.)144 372 Q F1 -(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 384 Q F0 1.498 -(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 396 R 3.999(ss) --.55 G 1.499(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.999(,t)-.4 G -1.499(hen redra)-3.999 F 3.999(wt)-.15 G 1.499(he current line,)-3.999 F -(lea)144 408 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F1 -(clear\255scr)108 420 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36 -(Clear the screen, then redra)144 432 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 +length of the prompt plus the)144 336 R(screen width.)144 348 Q F2 +(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 360 Q F1 1.499 +(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 372 R 3.999(ss) +-.55 G 1.498(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.998(,t)-.4 G +1.498(hen redra)-3.998 F 3.998(wt)-.15 G 1.498(he current line,)-3.998 F +(lea)144 384 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F2 +(clear\255scr)108 396 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F1 1.36 +(Clear the screen, then redra)144 408 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 (he current line, lea)-3.86 F 1.36 -(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 444 S +(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 420 S (th an ar).4 E -(gument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.)-.18 E F1 --.18(re)108 456 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 -(Refresh the current line.)144 468 Q F1(Commands f)87 484.8 Q +(gument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.)-.18 E F2 +-.18(re)108 432 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F1 +(Refresh the current line.)144 444 Q F2(Commands f)87 460.8 Q (or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -496.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 508.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.158(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 -(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159 -(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699(according to the state of the) -144 520.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) +472.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F1 .159(Accept the line re)144 484.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.159(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 +(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158 +(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699(according to the state of the) +144 496.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F1 -.25(va) 2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 (the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 532.8 Q F1(pr)108 -544.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 556.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 568.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 580.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 -E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 592.8 Q F0(Mo)144 604.8 Q .3 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 508.8 Q F2(pr)108 +520.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F1 +(Fetch the pre)144 532.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F2(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 544.8 +Q F1(Fetch the ne)144 556.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F2 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 568.8 Q F1(Mo)144 580.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 616.8 Q F0(Mo)144 628.8 Q +-.65 E F2(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 592.8 Q F1(Mo)144 604.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 640.8 Q F0 .947 -(Accept the current line for e)144 652.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73 -(history for editing.)144 664.8 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F -.729 +(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F2 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 616.8 Q F1 .948 +(Accept the current line for e)144 628.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 +(history for editing.)144 640.8 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 +F .729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) --.18 F(the current line.)144 676.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 688.8 Q F0 --.4(Wi)144 700.8 S .256(th a numeric ar).4 F .256 -(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.757(ei) --.1 G 2.757(tt)-2.757 G .257(he current line.)-2.757 F -.4(Wi)5.257 G -(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 712.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H -(ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 -Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(50)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.18 F(the current line.)144 652.8 Q F2(fetch\255history)108 664.8 Q F1 +-.4(Wi)144 676.8 S .257(th a numeric ar).4 F .257 +(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.756(ei) +-.1 G 2.756(tt)-2.756 G .256(he current line.)-2.756 F -.4(Wi)5.256 G +(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 688.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H +(ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v) +108 700.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F1 1.312 +(Search backw)144 712.8 R 1.312(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.312(ving \231up\232 through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.) +-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(50)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -2.29 -.18(re v)108 84 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\)) --.18 E F0 1.471(Search backw)144 96 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 -(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 108 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 120 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 132 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 -F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 -F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 144 Q F1(non\255incr)108 -156 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E -(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 168 R .164(ar\ +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fo)108 84 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F1 .973 +(Search forw)144 96 R .973(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F +.973(ving \231do)-.15 F .973(wn\232 through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 108 Q F2(non\255incr) +108 120 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E +(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F1 .164(Search backw)144 132 R .164(ar\ d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ -tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 180 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E -(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 192 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) --.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 204 R +tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 144 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E +(.)-.55 E F2(non\255incr)108 156 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) +-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F1 1.354(Search forw)144 168 R 1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ -ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 216 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 -228 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 240 R .249(a\ +ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 180 Q(.)-.55 E F2(history\255sear)108 +192 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F1 .248(Search forw)144 204 R .249(a\ rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ -f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 252 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 264 Q -(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 276 R .951(ard through t\ -he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ -t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 288 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) -5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)108 300 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 -.951(Search backw)144 312 R .951(ard through the history for the string\ - of characters between the start of the current)-.1 F .007 -(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 324 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 -(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 -(line. This)144 336 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -(history\255substring\255sear)108 348 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.249(Search forw)144 360 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 -(and the point.)144 372 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F -.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) -5.319 F(search.)144 384 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 396 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 408 R .622 -(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144 -420 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 -3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 432 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 -(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) --2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 444 R .281(vious command.) --.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 456 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 468 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 480 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 492 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 -F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 -E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 504 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 216 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F2(history\255sear)108 228 Q +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F1 .951(Search backw)144 240 R .951(ard through \ +the history for the string of characters between the start of the curre\ +nt)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 252 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F2(history\255substring\255sear) +108 264 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F1 .95(Search backw)144 276 R .951(ard \ +through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ +he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 288 +R F0(point)2.507 E F1 2.507(\). The)B .007(search string may match an) +2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5(line. This)144 300 R +(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F2(history\255substring\255sear)108 +312 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F1 .248(Search forw)144 324 R .249(a\ +rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ +f the current line)-.1 F .319(and the point.)144 336 R .319 +(The search string may match an)5.319 F .319(ywhere in a history line.) +-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental)5.318 F(search.)144 348 Q F2 +(yank\255nth\255ar)108 360 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F1 .622 +(Insert the \214rst ar)144 372 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 +(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144 384 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773 +(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F0(n)3.633 E F1 3.273(,i).24 G .773 +(nsert the)-3.273 F F0(n)3.273 E F1 .773(th w)B .773(ord from the pre) +-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 +396 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).) +-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291(ument inserts the).18 F F0(n)2.791 E F1 .291 +(th w)B .292(ord from the end of)-.1 F .237(the pre)144 408 R .237 +(vious command.)-.25 F .237(Once the ar)5.237 F(gument)-.18 E F0(n)2.736 +E F1 .236(is computed, the ar)2.736 F .236(gument is e)-.18 F .236 +(xtracted as if the \231!)-.15 F F0(n)A F1<9a>A(history e)144 420 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F2(yank\255last\255ar)108 432 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F1 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 444 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 456 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 +F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F2(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F1 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 +E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F2(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E +(g)-.1 E F1(mo)144 468 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 516 R(An)5.416 E +.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 480 R(An)5.416 E 2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416 -(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 528 R 1.518 -.15 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415 +(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 492 R 1.518 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 540 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 504 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -552 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 564 Q F0 .368 -(Expand the line by performing shell w)144 576 R .368(ord e)-.1 F 2.868 -(xpansions. This)-.15 F .367(performs alias and history e)2.868 F -(xpansion,)-.15 E F1($)144 588 Q F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 3.357<0861>C(nd) --3.357 E F1($)3.357 E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 3.357("q)C .857 -(uoting, tilde e)-3.357 F .857(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .858 -(ariable e)-.25 F .858(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .882 -(pansion, w)144 600 R .882(ord splitting, and quote remo)-.1 F -.25(va) --.15 G 3.382(l. See).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.382 E(OR)-.162 E -3.132(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.132 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.132 E 3.382(wf) --.25 G .882(or a description)-3.382 F(of history e)144 612 Q(xpansion.) --.15 E F1(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 624 Q F0 .938 -(Perform history e)144 636 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +516 S(rd, as if the \231!$\232 history e).1 E +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F2 +(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 528 Q F1 .367 +(Expand the line by performing shell w)144 540 R .368(ord e)-.1 F 2.868 +(xpansions. This)-.15 F .368(performs alias and history e)2.868 F +(xpansion,)-.15 E F2($)144 552 Q F1<08>A F0(string)A F1 3.358<0861>C(nd) +-3.358 E F2($)3.358 E F1(")A F0(string)A F1 3.358("q)C .857 +(uoting, tilde e)-3.358 F .857(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .857 +(ariable e)-.25 F .857(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .548 +(pansion, command and process substitution, w)144 564 R .548 +(ord splitting, and quote remo)-.1 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.049(l. An).25 F +-.15(ex)3.049 G .549(plicit ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E .61 +(ment suppresses command and process substitution.)144 576 R(See)5.61 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.109 E(OR)-.162 E 2.859(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.859 +E(ANSION)-.666 E F1(belo)2.859 E 3.109(wf)-.25 G .609(or a de-)-3.109 F +(scription of history e)144 588 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255\000\))108 600 Q F1 .938 +(Perform history e)144 612 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 648 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 660 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 672 R .438 +(ANSION)-.666 E F1(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 624 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(magic\255space) +108 636 Q F1 .438(Perform history e)144 648 R .438 (xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E F3 -(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 684 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) --2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 696 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 708 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 720 Q -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(51)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F1 +(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 660 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) +-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(alias\255expand\255line)108 672 Q F1 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 684 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F1(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 696 Q +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(51)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 84 Q F0 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 84 Q F1 (Perform history and alias e)144 96 Q(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 -E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 108 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M).833 G --1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 120 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1 -(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 132 Q F0(In)144 +E F2(insert\255last\255ar)108 108 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M).833 G +-1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F1 2.5(As)144 120 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F2 +(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F1(.)A F2 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 132 Q F1(In)144 144 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E -(tempts to in)144 156 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR) --.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0 -(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 -E F1(Commands f)87 172.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4 -(end\255of\255\214le)108 184.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 196.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 -(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .167 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F2(Bash)5.146 E F1(at-)2.646 E +(tempts to in)144 156 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR) +-.162 E F4(,)A F1(and)2.25 E F0(emacs)2.5 E F1(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5 +(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2(Commands f)87 172.8 +Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F0(end\255of\255\214le)108 184.8 Q F2 +(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F1 .651 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 196.8 R .651 +(xample, by)-.15 F F0(stty)3.491 E F1 3.151(\(1\). If).32 F .652 +(this character is read when)3.152 F .167 (there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 208.8 R .167(ginning of the line, readline interprets it as)-.15 F -(the end of input and returns)144 220.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 232.8 Q F0 .441 +(the end of input and returns)144 220.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F2 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 232.8 Q F1 .441 (Delete the character at point.)144 244.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 256.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) --2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 268.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 280.8 R +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F2 +(EOF)2.942 E F1(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 256.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +-2.5 E F2(C\255d)2.5 E F1(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F2(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) +108 268.8 Q F1 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 280.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 (umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 292.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 304.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 292.8 Q F2 +-.25(fo)108 304.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F1 .473 (Delete the character under the cursor)144 316.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 328.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 340.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 328.8 Q F2 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 340.8 Q F1 .779(Add the ne)144 352.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 -(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 364.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 376.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 388.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 400.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 412.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 424.8 Q F0 .321 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F2(C\255q)3.278 E F1 3.278 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 364.8 S(ample.).15 E F2 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 376.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F1 +(Insert a tab character)144 388.8 Q(.)-.55 E F2 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !,)108 400.8 Q F1 1.666(...)2.5 G F2(\)) +-1.666 E F1(Insert the character typed.)144 412.8 Q F2 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 424.8 Q F1 .321 (Drag the character before point forw)144 436.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 (ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F .372 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 448.8 R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha) -144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 472.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F2 +(transpose\255w)108 472.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F1 .023(Drag the w)144 484.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) -2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 496.8 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 508.8 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F2(upcase\255w)108 508.8 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F1 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 520.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 532.8 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 544.8 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 556.8 Q 1.647 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2(do)108 544.8 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F1(Lo)144 556.8 Q 1.647 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 568.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 580.8 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2(capitalize\255w)108 580.8 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F1 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 592.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 604.8 S(rd, b) -.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 -616.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 628.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15 +.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2 -.1(ove)108 +616.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F1 -.8(To)144 628.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 (Wi)144 640.8 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 (gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 652.8 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) -4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) -4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969 +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 652.8 Q F2(emacs)4.394 E F1(mode;)4.394 E F2(vi) +4.394 E F1 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F0 -.37(re) +4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F1 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969 (mode. In)144 664.8 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469 -(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 +(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F2(self\255insert)3.969 E F1 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957 (pushing the te)144 676.8 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 -(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 +(Characters bound to)5.957 F F2(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F1 .958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 688.8 -Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -705.6 Q(anking)-.85 E F0(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E -(52)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F2(Killing and Y)87 +705.6 Q(anking)-.85 E F1(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E +(52)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 84 Q F0(Kill the te)144 96 Q -(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 108 Q F0(Kill backw)144 -120 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 132 Q F0(Kill backw)144 144 Q +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 +84 Q F1(Kill the te)144 96 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 +E F2(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 108 Q F1(Kill backw) +144 120 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F2 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 132 Q F1(Kill backw)144 144 Q (ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 156 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F2(kill\255whole\255line)108 156 Q F1 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -168 Q F1(kill\255w)108 180 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +168 Q F2(kill\255w)108 180 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F1 .729 (Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 192 R .728 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 204 S -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 216 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 228 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 -E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 240 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 252 R +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F2 -.25(fo)2.5 G +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(backward\255kill\255w)108 216 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F1(Kill the w)144 228 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 +E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F2 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(shell\255kill\255w)108 240 Q +(ord)-.1 E F1 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 252 R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 264 S -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 276 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 288 R 3.025 +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F2(shell\255f)2.5 E +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) +108 276 Q(ord)-.1 E F1 3.025(Kill the w)144 288 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 312 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 324 R .364 +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F2(shell\255back-) +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(unix\255w)108 312 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F1 .364(Kill the w)144 324 R .364 (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -336 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 348 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 +336 Q F2(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 348 Q F1 .167(Kill the w)144 360 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) -.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 372 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 384 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 396 Q F1(kill\255r)108 408 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 420 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 432 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) +-2.5 E F2(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 384 Q F1 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 396 Q F2(kill\255r)108 408 +Q(egion)-.18 E F1(Kill the te)144 420 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E +(gion.)-.15 E F2(copy\255r)108 432 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F1(Cop) 144 444 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E -(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 456 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 468 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F2 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 456 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(Cop)144 468 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 480 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 492 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 504 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F2(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 480 +Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(copy\255f)108 492 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F1(Cop)144 504 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) --.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 --.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 516 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 528 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 540 S +-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F2 +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 516 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 528 Q F1 -1(Ya)144 540 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 552 Q F0 +E F2(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 552 Q F1 (Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 564 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 -(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 580.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 592.8 Q -(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 +(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F2(yank)2.5 E +F1(or)2.5 E F2(yank\255pop)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(Numeric Ar)87 580.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 592.8 Q(gument \(M\2550, M\2551,)-.1 E F1 +1.666(...)2.5 G F2 2.5(,M)-1.666 G-2.5 E F1 .367 (Add this digit to the ar)144 604.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 616.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 628.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 640.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +(ument.).18 E F2(uni)108 628.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F1 .779(This is another w)144 640.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 652.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -664.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) -3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 +664.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(uni) +3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F1(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) -.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 676.8 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 @@ -6571,278 +6627,280 @@ E F0 .779(This is another w)144 640.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F (gument)-.18 E(count four)144 712.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.3) -72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(53)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(53)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Completing)87 84 Q(complete \(T)108 96 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Completing)87 84 Q +(complete \(T)108 96 Q(AB\))-.9 E F1 1.137 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 108 R 1.137 -(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 +(xt before point.)-.15 F F2(Bash)6.137 E F1 1.137 (attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 120 Q .434(xt as a v) -.15 F .434(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .434(xt be)-.15 F .434(gins with) --.15 F F1($)2.934 E F0 .434(\), username \(if the te)B .434(xt be)-.15 F -.434(gins with)-.15 F F1<01>2.935 E F0 .435(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 132 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +-.15 F F2($)2.934 E F1 .434(\), username \(if the te)B .434(xt be)-.15 F +.434(gins with)-.15 F F2<01>2.935 E F1 .435(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 132 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F2(@)3.202 E F1 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 144 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 156 Q F0 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 144 Q F2 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 156 Q F1 (List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 180 Q F0 .783 +E F2(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 180 Q F1 .783 (Insert all completions of the te)144 192 R .783(xt before point that w) -.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by) -.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 204 Q F0(.)A F1 -(menu\255complete)108 216 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 228 R F1(complete) -3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929 +.15 F F2(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 204 Q F1(.)A F2 +(menu\255complete)108 216 Q F1 .929(Similar to)144 228 R F2(complete) +3.429 E F1 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929 (ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193 (possible completions.)144 240 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +1.193(cution of).15 F F2(menu\255complete)3.694 E F1 1.194 (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 252 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 264 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 264 R F2(bell\255style)3.227 E F1 3.227 (\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 -(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E -F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 276 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 -(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 288 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 -E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 300 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 -312 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 -(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 324 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) +(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F F0(n)3.227 E F1(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(s).15 E F0(n)3.228 E F1 1.73(positions forw)144 276 R 1.73 +(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 +-.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 288 Q +(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F2 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F1 +2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F2 +(menu\255complete\255backward)108 300 Q F1 .82(Identical to)144 312 R F2 +(menu\255complete)3.32 E F1 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F2 +(menu\255complete)144 324 Q F1(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) .15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 336 Q F0 .234 +2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F2 +(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 336 Q F1 .234 (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 348 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) -2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 384 Q F0 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F2(delete\255char)2.734 +E F1(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F2(possible\255completions) +2.925 E F1 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 +372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 384 Q F1 (Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 396 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 408 Q F0 +E F2(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 408 Q F1 (List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 432 Q(name \(M\255\001\))-.15 E F0 +(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F2 +(complete\255user)108 432 Q(name \(M\255\001\))-.15 E F1 (Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 456 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x \001\))-.15 E F0 +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F2(possible\255user) +108 456 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x \001\))-.15 E F1 (List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -480 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 504 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F2(complete\255v)108 +480 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F1(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2 +(possible\255v)108 504 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F1 (List the possible completions of the te)144 516 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 528 Q F0 +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2 +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 528 Q F1 (Attempt completion on the te)144 540 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 552 Q F0 +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F2 +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 552 Q F1 (List the possible completions of the te)144 564 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 576 Q F0 .581 +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F2 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 576 Q F1 .581 (Attempt completion on the te)144 588 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 (Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 600 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F (\214nally e)144 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 624 Q F0 +(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F2 +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 624 Q F1 (List the possible completions of the te)144 636 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 648 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F2 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 648 Q(AB\))-.9 E F1 .425 (Attempt completion on the te)144 660 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 672 Q F1(dab)108 684 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +(for possible completion matches.)144 672 Q F2(dab)108 684 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F1 .61 (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 696 R .611 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 -768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(54)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(54)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 84 Q F0 .4(Perform \214len\ -ame completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed wit\ -hin braces so)144 96 R(the list is a)144 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 124.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 84 Q F1 .4(Perform \214lenam\ +e completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed withi\ +n braces so)144 96 R(the list is a)144 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F2(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F1(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2 -.25(Ke)87 124.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +.833 E F1(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F2(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F1(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 +(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F2 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +E F1(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) -.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 232.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 249.6 Q -.18(re)108 261.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 273.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 +E F2(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F1(Print the last k)144 232.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F0(inputr)2.5 +E(c)-.37 E F1(\214le.)2.5 E F2(Miscellaneous)87 249.6 Q -.18(re)108 +261.6 S.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F1 +1.777(Read in the contents of the)144 273.6 R F0(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E +F1 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 (indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -285.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 297.6 Q F0 3.248 +285.6 Q F2(abort \(C\255g\))108 297.6 Q F1 3.248 (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 309.6 R -5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 321.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 333.6 Q(wer)-.1 E -(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 345.6 R F2(x) -4.239 E F0 1.739 +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F2 +(bell\255style)144 321.6 Q F1(\).)A F2(do\255lo)108 333.6 Q(wer)-.1 E +(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F0(x)A F2(,)A F1 +1.666(...)2.5 G F2(\))-1.666 E F1 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 +345.6 R F0(x)4.239 E F1 1.739 (is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 F(meta\214ed lo)144 357.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G -(he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo) -2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 369.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 +(he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F0(x)2.5 E F1(is already lo) +2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2(pr)108 369.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F1 (Metafy the ne)144 381.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 393.6 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 405.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 417.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23 +SF(ESC)5 E F2(f)2.25 E F1(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 393.6 Q F1 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 405.6 Q F2 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 417.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F1 .23 (Undo all changes made to this line.)144 429.6 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F -2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0 +2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F2(undo)2.731 E F1 .231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F -(turn the line to its initial state.)144 441.6 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 453.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 465.6 Q -(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 477.6 Q F0 +(turn the line to its initial state.)144 441.6 Q F2 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 453.6 Q F1(Perform tilde e)144 465.6 Q +(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2 +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 477.6 Q F1 (Set the mark to the point.)144 489.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E -(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 501.6 Q F0(Sw) +(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F2 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 501.6 Q F1(Sw) 144 513.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) -144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 537.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.111(Ac)144 +144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F2 +(character\255sear)108 537.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F1 3.111(Ac)144 549.6 S .611(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.111 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.112(dt).15 G 3.112(ot)-3.112 G .612(he ne)-3.112 F .612 (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.612(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .912 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(u-).18 E -(ment searches for pre)144 561.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 573.6 Q(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 +(ment searches for pre)144 561.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F2 +(character\255sear)108 573.6 Q(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F1 2.695(Ac)144 585.6 S .194(haracter is read and point is mo)-2.695 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.694(dt).15 G 2.694(ot)-2.694 G .194(he pre)-2.694 F .194 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 5.194(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .494 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G -(gument searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 597.6 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 609.6 Q F0 1.826 +(gument searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 597.6 Q F2 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 609.6 Q F1 1.826 (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 621.6 R 2.126 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) -.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 633.6 R .791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 645.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G -2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15 -(ve n)-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F +.286(If this sequence is bound to \231\\[\232, k)144 645.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 +G 2.786(sp).15 G .286(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.786 F .587 -.15 +(ve n)-.2 H 2.787(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect unless e).25 F (xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ ing stray characters into the editing b)144 657.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 669.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E -(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -681.6 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 693.6 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48 -(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .481 +(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F2(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 +681.6 Q F1 -.4(Wi)144 693.6 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48 +(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F2 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F1 -.25(va)2.981 G .481 (riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 705.6 Q .245 (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 (the characters at the be)144 717.6 R .321 -(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31) -142.895 E(55)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F2 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F1 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F2 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F1 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 +E(55)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.468 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E 1.468 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 84 R 1.468 (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin) -144 96 Q F0 .84(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +1.469(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin) +144 96 Q F1 .84(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 108 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 120 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E -(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .42 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F2(spell\255corr)108 120 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E +(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F1 .42 (Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 132 R .421 (ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1 -(wa)144 144 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F1(cdspell) -4.718 E F0 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.717 E -(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 156 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(glob\255complete\255w)108 168 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 +(wa)144 144 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F2(cdspell) +4.718 E F1 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F2(shell\255f)4.717 E +(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 156 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2 +(glob\255complete\255w)108 168 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F1 .791(The w)144 180 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 192 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\ -ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 204 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 216 R .176 +ssible completions.)2.5 E F2(glob\255expand\255w)108 204 Q +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F1 .176(The w)144 216 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 228 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 252 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 264 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F -.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 -(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F +144 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 252 Q F1 .923(The list of e)144 264 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F2 +(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F1 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F .872(the line is redra)144 276 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 288 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 300 Q F0 .627 +(ex)144 288 S(pansion.).15 E F2(dump\255functions)108 300 Q F1 .627 (Print all of the functions and their k)144 312 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) 5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 324 Q -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 336 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 348 R .762 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E F0(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F1 +(\214le.)2.5 E F2(dump\255v)108 336 Q(ariables)-.1 E F1 .762 +(Print all of the settable readline v)144 348 R .762 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.) -.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 360 R .109 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 372 Q -(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 384 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F0(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 372 Q +(c)-.37 E F1(\214le.)2.5 E F2(dump\255macr)108 384 Q(os)-.18 E F1 .592 (Print all of the readline k)144 396 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G 3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 408 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 420 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 432 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 444 Q -(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 460.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F0(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F1 +(\214le.)144 420 Q F2(display\255shell\255v)108 432 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F1(Display v)144 444 Q +(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E +F1(.)A F2(Pr)87 460.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F1 .146(When w)108 472.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 484.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F0(compspec)108 484.8 Q F1 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F2(complete)3.829 E F1 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 496.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 (First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 513.6 R .497 (If the command w)5.497 F .498 (ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 525.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 -(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) +(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F22.733 E F1 .233(option to) +2.733 F F2(complete)2.733 E F1 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) 5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ used to generate the list of possible completions)108 537.6 R .823 (for the w)108 549.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F @@ -6851,95 +6909,96 @@ ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 561.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 573.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 (If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 -G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0 .056 -(option to)108 585.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F22.798 E F1 .056 +(option to)108 585.6 R F2(complete)2.556 E F1 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 -(ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F +(ault compspec,)-.1 F F2(bash)2.556 E F1 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F .057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 597.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108 609.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ d to generate the list of matching w)108 626.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 638.4 Q -(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Completing)2.5 E F1(is performed.)2.5 E .464 (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 655.2 R .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F .463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 667.2 R .595 -(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 +(When the)5.595 F F23.095 E F1(or)3.095 E F23.095 E F1 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 679.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(shell v)108 679.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F1 (is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 696 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 -(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 +(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F24.084 E F1 1.584 (option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 708 S .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F1 .555 (shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 720 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 -768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(56)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F1 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 +768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(56)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Ne)108 84 Q .321 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(Ne)108 84 Q .321 (xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.821 E F1 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the) -108 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +108 96 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.912 E F1 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F .413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 (using brace e)108 108 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 (xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 120 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396 +.15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 1.396 (The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 132 Q -.51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21(rd Splitting).75 F -F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +.51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21(rd Splitting).75 F +F1 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 144 Q (ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .233 (After these matches ha)108 160.8 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233 (een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F12.734 E -F0(and)2.734 E F12.734 E F0(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F22.734 E +F1(and)2.734 E F22.734 E F1(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108 172.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208 (the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208 -(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)6.708 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)6.458 E F3(,)A F2 -(COMP_KEY)108 184.8 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.708 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.458 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 184.8 Q F4(,)A F1(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F1 -.25 (va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 -(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 .158 +(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F1 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 196.8 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 -(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 +.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F1(and)3.236 E F3 +(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F1 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 (riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 (the function or command is in)108 208.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F2($1)A F1 2.847(\)i)C 2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) -.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 220.8 R .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) +(gument \()-.18 F F2($2)A F1 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) -2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 232.8 +(gument \()-.18 F F2($3)A F1 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 232.8 R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 (No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 244.8 R .715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) 108 256.8 Q(An)108 273.6 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F22.937 E F1 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 (function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 285.6 Q F1 -(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 285.6 Q F2 +(compgen)2.957 E F1 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 -297.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 +297.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F1(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 314.4 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 .081 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F22.58 E F1 .081 (option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) -2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 326.4 @@ -6947,36 +7006,36 @@ R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 338.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 355.2 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 367.2 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F22.877 +E F1 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 367.2 R .682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F2(&)3.181 E F1 .681 (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 (the w)108 379.2 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G -(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +(iteral)-3.022 E F2(&)3.022 E F1 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 391.2 R (An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 403.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-3.349 E F2(!)3.349 E F1(ne)108 403.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 415.2 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F2(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 415.2 Q F1 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 432 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F -.587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1 -3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 +.587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F23.087 E F1(and)3.087 E F2 +3.087 E F1 .587(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion c\ ode as the list of possible completions.)108 444 Q .246(If the pre)108 460.8 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym) --.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names) --.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete) -108 472.8 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F2 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names) +-.15 E F1 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete) +108 472.8 Q F1(when the compspec w)2.5 E (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 489.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) -2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +(If the)108 489.6 R F2 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F1 .462(option w) +2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)2.962 E F1 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 501.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 @@ -6984,32 +7043,32 @@ F(pletion is attempted and an)108 501.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G (ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F .632(of possible completions.)108 530.4 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +E F2(bash)3.132 E F1 .631 (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 (ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 542.4 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +.558(If the)5.558 F F2 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F1 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)3.059 E F1 .559 (when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 554.4 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F2(bash)3.172 E F1(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 566.4 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F23.171 E(default)108 566.4 Q F1 1.207 +(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)3.707 E F1 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -578.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +578.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ desired, the programmable completion func-)108 595.2 R .632(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ to directories, subject)108 607.2 R 2.762(to the v)108 619.2 R 2.762 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F2(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F1 2.761 (readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 631.2 -Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F2(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 631.2 +Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F1(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 648 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 (tion with a def)108 660 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F -F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp)-.55 +F2 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F1 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp)-.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ uld be retried by returning an e)108 672 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F @@ -7022,3757 +7081,3854 @@ uld be retried by returning an e)108 672 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F .083 (ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 720 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(57)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(57)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S -2.636(ri).15 G .137 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F (the command, the follo)108 96 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 112.8 Q({)108 124.8 Q 6 -(.")144 136.8 S -(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -148.8 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -160.8 Q/F2 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The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -237.6 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 249.6 +220.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F1(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 232.8 S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 -(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 261.6 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0 1.184 +(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F1 +(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 244.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F1 1.184 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 278.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)3.685 E F0(\(def)3.435 E(ault)-.1 -E F4(\001/.bash_his-)3.685 E(tory)108 290.4 Q F0 3.774(\). The)B 1.274 +108 261.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)3.685 E F1(\(def)3.435 E(ault)-.1 +E F0(\001/.bash_his-)3.685 E(tory)108 273.6 Q F1 3.774(\). The)B 1.274 (\214le named by the v)3.774 F 1.274(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)3.774 E -F0 1.273(is truncated, if necessary)3.524 F 3.773(,t)-.65 G 3.773(oc) +F1 1.273(is truncated, if necessary)3.524 F 3.773(,t)-.65 G 3.773(oc) -3.773 G 1.273(ontain no more than the)-3.773 F 1.191 -(number of lines speci\214ed by the v)108 302.4 R 1.191(alue of)-.25 F -F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.691 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.691 E F3(HISTFILESIZE)3.691 E F0 -1.192(is unset, or set to null, a)3.691 F .112(non-numeric v)108 314.4 R +(number of lines speci\214ed by the v)108 285.6 R 1.191(alue of)-.25 F +F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.691 E F6(.)A F1(If)5.691 E F4(HISTFILESIZE)3.691 E F1 +1.192(is unset, or set to null, a)3.691 F .112(non-numeric v)108 297.6 R .112(alue, or a numeric v)-.25 F .112 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .111 -(When the history \214le)5.111 F .275(is read, lines be)108 326.4 R .275 +(When the history \214le)5.111 F .275(is read, lines be)108 309.6 R .275 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .276 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted)-.25 F .6 -(as timestamps for the follo)108 338.4 R .599(wing history line.)-.25 F +(as timestamps for the follo)108 321.6 R .599(wing history line.)-.25 F .599(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the)5.599 F --.25(va)108 350.4 S 1.138(lue of the).25 F F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.638 E(T) --.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.388 G 3.638(riable. When).25 F 3.638(as)3.638 G +-.25(va)108 333.6 S 1.138(lue of the).25 F F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.638 E(T) +-.855 E F1 -.25(va)3.388 G 3.638(riable. When).25 F 3.638(as)3.638 G 1.138(hell with history enabled e)-3.638 F 1.139(xits, the last)-.15 F -F5($HISTSIZE)3.639 E F0 .506(lines are copied from the history list to) -108 362.4 R F5($HISTFILE)3.005 E F6(.)A F0 .505(If the)5.005 F F3 -(histappend)3.005 E F0 .505(shell option is enabled \(see the de-)3.005 -F .599(scription of)108 374.4 R F3(shopt)3.099 E F0(under)3.099 E F5 .6 -(SHELL B)3.099 F(UIL)-.09 E .6(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.85 E .6 +F5($HISTSIZE)3.639 E F1 .506(lines are copied from the history list to) +108 345.6 R F5($HISTFILE)3.005 E F6(.)A F1 .505(If the)5.005 F F4 +(histappend)3.005 E F1 .505(shell option is enabled \(see the de-)3.005 +F .599(scription of)108 357.6 R F4(shopt)3.099 E F1(under)3.099 E F5 .6 +(SHELL B)3.099 F(UIL)-.09 E .6(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)2.85 E .6 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le,)-.25 F .047 -(otherwise the history \214le is o)108 386.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.547 -(rwritten. If).15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.547 E F0 .047 +(otherwise the history \214le is o)108 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.547 +(rwritten. If).15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.547 E F1 .047 (is unset or null, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the)2.297 F -.598(history is not sa)108 398.4 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.098(d. If).15 F(the) -3.098 E F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.098 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.848 G .598 +.598(history is not sa)108 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.098(d. If).15 F(the) +3.098 E F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.098 E(T)-.855 E F1 -.25(va)2.848 G .598 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le,).25 F -(mark)108 410.4 Q .51(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 3.01 +(mark)108 393.6 Q .51(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 3.01 (,s)-.4 G 3.009(ot)-3.01 G(he)-3.009 E 3.009(ym)-.15 G .509 (ay be preserv)-3.009 F .509(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F .509 (This uses the)5.509 F .384(history comment character to distinguish ti\ -mestamps from other history lines.)108 422.4 R .385(After sa)5.384 F +mestamps from other history lines.)108 405.6 R .385(After sa)5.384 F .385(ving the history)-.2 F 2.885(,t)-.65 G(he)-2.885 E .381 -(history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)108 434.4 R F5 -(HISTFILESIZE)2.88 E F0 2.88(lines. If)2.63 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)2.88 E F0 -.38(is unset, or set to)2.63 F(null, a non-numeric v)108 446.4 Q +(history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)108 417.6 R F5 +(HISTFILESIZE)2.88 E F1 2.88(lines. If)2.63 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)2.88 E F1 +.38(is unset, or set to)2.63 F(null, a non-numeric v)108 429.6 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 463.2 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) -2.798 E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(The b)108 446.4 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F4(fc)2.798 E F1(\(see) +2.798 E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1 (belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 475.2 R -(The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 458.4 R +(The)5.472 E F4(history)2.972 E F1 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 487.2 R .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 470.4 R .001 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 499.2 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 516 R -1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 482.4 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 499.2 +R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) -3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 528 Q F0 -.25(va)3.306 G +E(OL)-.27 E F1(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 511.2 Q F1 -.25(va)3.306 G 1.057(riables are used to cause the shell to sa).25 F 1.357 -.15(ve o) --.2 H 1.057(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)6.057 E F3 -(cmdhist)108 540 Q F0 .75 +-.2 H 1.057(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)6.057 E F4 +(cmdhist)108 523.2 Q F1 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 552 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 535.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 564 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -.374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F4(lithist)3.577 E F1 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 547.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 576 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +(description of the)108 559.2 R F4(shopt)2.818 E F1 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 -(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 588 -Q F2(HIST)72 604.8 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 -E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 616.8 R .611 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1 .319 +(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 +571.2 Q F3(HIST)72 588 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) +-.81 E F1 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 600 R .611 (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F -.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 628.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F4(csh)3.11 E F1 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F +.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 612 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 (ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -.95(can be disabled using the)108 640.8 R F3(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 -(option to the)3.449 F F3(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 +.95(can be disabled using the)108 624 R F4(+H)3.449 E F1 .949 +(option to the)3.449 F F4(set)3.449 E F1 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 (iltin command \(see).2 F F5 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 652.8 Q 2.5 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 636 Q 2.5 (w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H (hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -1.305(History e)108 669.6 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ +1.305(History e)108 652.8 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ -t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 681.6 R .21(guments to a pre) +t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 664.8 R .21(guments to a pre) -.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 693.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -710.4 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 722.4 S .252 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 676.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +693.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 705.6 S .252 (rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 (vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(58)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 717.6 Q .145 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ +rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ +titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ +r inclusion into the current one.)108 729.6 R .766 +(The line selected from the)5.766 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29) +144.29 E(58)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(tak)108 84 Q .145 -(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ -rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ -titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 96 R .766 -(The line selected from the)5.766 F 1.203(history is the)108 108 R/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.703 G(ent).15 E F0 3.703(,a)C 1.203 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.703 F F1(wor) -3.703 E(ds)-.37 E F0 6.203(.T)C 1.203(he line is brok)-6.203 F 1.203 -(en into)-.1 F -.1(wo)108 120 S 2.08(rds in the same f).1 F 2.08 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E 1.203(history is the)108 84 R F0 -.15(ev)3.703 G +(ent).15 E F1 3.703(,a)C 1.203 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.703 F F0(wor) +3.703 E(ds)-.37 E F1 6.203(.T)C 1.203(he line is brok)-6.203 F 1.203 +(en into)-.1 F -.1(wo)108 96 S 2.08(rds in the same f).1 F 2.08 (ashion as when reading input, so that se)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E -F1(metac)4.58 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.08(-separated w)B 2.08 +F0(metac)4.58 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F1 2.08(-separated w)B 2.08 (ords sur)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .245(rounded by quotes are considered one w)108 -132 R 2.746(ord. The)-.1 F F1 -.15(ev)2.746 G .246(ent designator).15 F -F0 .246(selects the e)2.746 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .246(nt, the optional).15 F -F1(wor)2.746 E 2.746(dd)-.37 G(es-)-2.746 E(ignator)108 144 Q F0 .04 +108 R 2.746(ord. The)-.1 F F0 -.15(ev)2.746 G .246(ent designator).15 F +F1 .246(selects the e)2.746 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .246(nt, the optional).15 F +F0(wor)2.746 E 2.746(dd)-.37 G(es-)-2.746 E(ignator)108 120 Q F1 .04 (selects w)2.54 F .04(ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .039 -(nt, and v).15 F .039(arious optional)-.25 F F1(modi\214er)2.539 E(s)-.1 -E F0 .039(are a)2.539 F -.25(va)-.2 G .039 -(ilable to manipulate the selected).25 F -.1(wo)108 156 S(rds.).1 E .574 -(History e)108 172.8 R .574 +(nt, and v).15 F .039(arious optional)-.25 F F0(modi\214er)2.539 E(s)-.1 +E F1 .039(are a)2.539 F -.25(va)-.2 G .039 +(ilable to manipulate the selected).25 F -.1(wo)108 132 S(rds.).1 E .574 +(History e)108 148.8 R .574 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .575 (xpansion character)-.15 F 3.075(,w)-.4 G .575(hich is)-3.075 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.908 E F0 .575(by de-)3.908 F -.1(fa)108 184.8 S 2.5 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.908 E F1 .575(by de-)3.908 F -.1(fa)108 160.8 S 2.5 (ult. History).1 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may appear an).15 E (ywhere in the input, b)-.15 E(ut do not nest.)-.2 E .791 -(Only backslash \()108 201.6 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 +(Only backslash \()108 177.6 R F2(\\).833 E F1 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 (nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 (xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ -tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 213.6 R -(string.)108 225.6 Q(Se)108 242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 189.6 R +(string.)108 201.6 Q(Se)108 218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 254.4 T +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 230.4 T 3.721(ni).25 G 3.721(fi)-3.721 G 3.722(ti)-3.721 G 3.722(su)-3.722 G 1.222(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.722 F 1.222(wline, carriage return,) --.25 F F2(=)3.722 E F0 3.722(,a)C 1.222 -(nd the other shell metacharacters de\214ned)-3.722 F(abo)108 266.4 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(Se)108 283.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .11 -(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E F0 -.2(bu) +-.25 F F2(=)3.722 E F1 3.722(,a)C 1.222 +(nd the other shell metacharacters de\214ned)-3.722 F(abo)108 242.4 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 1.764(There is a special abbre)108 259.2 R 1.764 +(viation for substitution, acti)-.25 F 2.064 -.15(ve w)-.25 H 1.764 +(hen the).15 F F0(quic)4.264 E 4.264(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-4.264 E F1 +1.763(character \(described)4.263 F(abo)108 271.2 Q .488 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E F2(histchars)2.688 E F1 2.688(\)i)C 2.688(st)-2.688 G .188 +(he \214rst character on the line.)-2.688 F .188(It selects the pre) +5.188 F .189(vious history entry)-.25 F 2.689(,u)-.65 G .189(sing an e) +-2.689 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt).15 E .786(designator equi)108 283.2 R -.25 +(va)-.25 G .786(lent to).25 F F2(!!)3.286 E F1 3.286(,a)C .786 +(nd substitutes one string for another in that line.)-3.286 F .786 +(It is described belo)5.786 F 3.285(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.285 E F2(Ev)108 +295.2 Q .138(ent Designators)-.1 F F1 5.138(.T)C .139 +(his is the only history e)-5.138 F .139(xpansion that does not be)-.15 +F .139(gin with the history e)-.15 F .139(xpansion char)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(acter)108 307.2 Q(.)-.55 E(Se)108 324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .11 +(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E F1 -.2(bu) 2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 295.2 R F2 -(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 336 R F2 +(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E F1 .231 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F2(shopt) -2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F2 --.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used, hist\ -ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 -307.2 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448 -(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 319.2 R F2 -.18(re) -4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G -(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F2(histr)108 331.2 -Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +2.731 E F1 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F2 +-.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F1 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used, hist\ +ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 348 +R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448(xpanded line is)-.15 +F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 360 R F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F1 +2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228(fer for further modi\214cation.) +-.25 F(If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F1 2.228 +(is being used, and the)4.728 F F2(histr)108 372 Q(eedit)-.18 E F1 1.202 +(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 343.2 S -.25(ff).2 G -.303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E F22.803 E F0 .303 -(option to the)2.803 F F2(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 +3.702 G(adline).18 E F1(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 384 S -.25(ff).2 G +.303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E F22.803 E F1 .303 +(option to the)2.803 F F2(history)2.804 E F1 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 (iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52 -(pansion will do before using it.)108 355.2 R(The)5.52 E F23.02 E -F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F2(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 +(pansion will do before using it.)108 396 R(The)5.52 E F23.02 E F1 +.52(option to the)3.02 F F2(history)3.02 E F1 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 367.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(end of the history list without actually e)108 408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 384 R +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 424.8 R 1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108 (arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 396 R F2 -(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .162 +(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 436.8 R +F2(histchars)2.663 E F1(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +.163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F1 2.663(\). The)B .162 (shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F -(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 408 Q F2(Ev)87 -424.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .066(An e)108 436.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 448.8 Q F2(Ev) +87 465.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F1 .066(An e)108 477.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .067(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\ y list.).15 F .067(The e)5.067 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .067 -(nt designator consists).15 F .462(of the portion of the w)108 448.8 R +(nt designator consists).15 F .462(of the portion of the w)108 489.6 R .461(ord be)-.1 F .461(ginning with the history e)-.15 F .461 (xpansion character and ending with the w)-.15 F .461(ord desig-)-.1 F -.582(nator if present, or the end of the w)108 460.8 R 3.083 +.582(nator if present, or the end of the w)108 501.6 R 3.083 (ord. Unless)-.1 F .583(the reference is absolute, e)3.083 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .583(nts are relati).15 F .883 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.083(ot).15 G -.583(he current)-3.083 F(position in the history list.)108 472.8 Q F2(!) -108 489.6 Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 489.6 R 1.608 -(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 +.583(he current)-3.083 F(position in the history list.)108 513.6 Q F2(!) +108 530.4 Q F1 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 530.4 R 1.608 +(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F1 4.107 (,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 501.6 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 -(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 513.6 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 -513.6 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 525.6 Q F1(n)A F0 -(Refer to the current command minus)144 525.6 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E -F2(!!)108 537.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 537.6 Q(vious command.)-.25 E -(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 549.6 Q F1(string) -A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ -on in the history list starting with)144 549.6 R F1(string)144.34 561.6 -Q F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 573.6 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to t\ -he most recent command preceding the current position in the history li\ -st containing)144 585.6 R F1(string)144.34 597.6 Q F0 5.496(.T).22 G -.496(he trailing)-5.496 F F2(?)2.996 E F0 .496(may be omitted if)2.996 F -F1(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F .497(wed immediately by a ne) --.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F1(string)2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(miss\ -ing, the string from the most recent search is used; it is an error if \ -there is no pre)144 609.6 R .39(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 621.6 Q -/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF<00>108 638.6 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3<00>5 I F1 -(string2)-5 I F3<00>5 I F0 .752(Quick substitution.)144 645.6 R .752 -(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1) -3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F1(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 -E -.25(va)-.25 G .753(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 657.6 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12 -/Times-Roman@0 SF<00>5 I F1(string1)-5 I F4<00>5 I F1(string2)-5 I F4 -<00>5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \()-5 L(see).74 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 669.6 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)144 669.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 --.75(Wo)87 686.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 698.4 S 1.314 -(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.41(from the w)108 710.4 R .411(ord designator)-.1 F 5.411(.I)-.55 G -2.911(tm)-5.411 G .411(ay be omitted if the w)-2.911 F .411 -(ord designator be)-.1 F .411(gins with a)-.15 F F2<00>2.911 E F0(,)A F2 -($)2.911 E F0(,)A F2(*)2.911 E F0(,)A F22.911 E F0 2.911(,o)C(r) --2.911 E F2(%)2.911 E F0 5.411(.W)C(ords)-6.211 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 722.4 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(59)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(\(when the)144 542.4 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F1 +(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 554.4 Q F0(n)A F1(Refer to command line)144 +554.4 Q F0(n)2.86 E F1(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 566.4 Q F0(n)A F1 +(Refer to the current command minus)144 566.4 Q F0(n)2.86 E F1(.).24 E +F2(!!)108 578.4 Q F1(Refer to the pre)144 578.4 Q(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for \231!\2551\232.)-.15 E F2(!)108 590.4 Q F0 +(string)A F1 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the curren\ +t position in the history list starting with)144 590.4 R F0(string) +144.34 602.4 Q F1(.).22 E F2(!?)108 614.4 Q F0(string)A F2([?])A F1 +1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position i\ +n the history list containing)144 626.4 R F0(string)144.34 638.4 Q F1 +5.496(.T).22 G .496(he trailing)-5.496 F F2(?)2.996 E F1 .496 +(may be omitted if)2.996 F F0(string)3.336 E F1 .497(is follo)3.216 F +.497(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F0(string) +2.997 E F1(is)2.997 E .391(missing, the string from the most recent sea\ +rch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 650.4 R .39 +(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 662.4 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF<00>108 +679.4 Q F0(string1)-5 I F3<00>5 I F0(string2)-5 I F3<00>5 I F1 .752 +(Quick substitution.)144 686.4 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753 +(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F0(string1)3.593 E F1(with)3.253 E F0 +(string2)3.593 E F1 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 E -.25(va)-.25 G .753 +(lent to).25 F(\231!!:s)144 698.4 Q/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF<00>5 I F0 +(string1)-5 I F4<00>5 I F0(string2)-5 I F4<00>5 I F1 2.5<9a28>-5 K(see) +-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 +768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(59)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(0\()108 100.8 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0 -(The zeroth w)144 112.8 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F -(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 124.8 Q F0(The)144 124.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 -(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1<00>108 136.8 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 136.8 Q 2.5 -(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 148.8 Q F0 .063 -(The last w)144 148.8 R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063 -(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 -F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064(ord if there is only)-.1 F -(one w)144 160.8 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 172.8 Q F0 1.42 -(The \214rst w)144 172.8 R 1.42(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F -F2(string)A F0 1.419(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419 -(gins with a)-.15 F(character that is part of a w)144 184.8 Q(ord.)-.1 E -F2(x)108.77 196.8 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 196.8 S(ange of w)-2.5 -E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E -F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 208.8 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 208.8 R .315 -(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F -.315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315 -(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F -(just one w)144 220.8 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 232.8 Q -F0(Abbre)144 232.8 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 -244.8 Q F0(Abbre)144 244.8 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E -(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E 2.5(ord. If) --.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w) -108 261.6 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!#)108 84 Q F1 +(The entire command line typed so f)144 84 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75 +(Wo)87 100.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F1 -.8(Wo)108 112.8 S 1.314 +(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F1 1.313 +(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.41(from the w)108 124.8 R .411(ord designator)-.1 F 5.411(.I)-.55 G +2.911(tm)-5.411 G .411(ay be omitted if the w)-2.911 F .411 +(ord designator be)-.1 F .411(gins with a)-.15 F F2<00>2.911 E F1(,)A F2 +($)2.911 E F1(,)A F2(*)2.911 E F1(,)A F22.911 E F1 2.911(,o)C(r) +-2.911 E F2(%)2.911 E F1 5.411(.W)C(ords)-6.211 E .516 +(are numbered from the be)108 136.8 R .516 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-) +.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 148.8 +Q F2 2.5(0\()108 165.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F1(The zeroth w)144 177.6 +Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E +F0(n)108.36 189.6 Q F1(The)144 189.6 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E +F2<00>108 201.6 Q F1(The \214rst ar)144 201.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F2($)108 213.6 Q F1 .063(The last w)144 213.6 +R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 +(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F +.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 225.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +F2(%)108 237.6 Q F1 .917(The \214rst w)144 237.6 R .916 +(ord matched by the most recent \231?)-.1 F F0(string)A F1 3.416 +(?'\232 search,)B .916(if the search string be)3.416 F .916(gins with a) +-.15 F(character that is part of a w)144 249.6 Q(ord.)-.1 E F0(x)108.77 +261.6 Q F2A F0(y)A F1 2.5(Ar)144 261.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E +(ords; \231\255)-.1 E F0(y)A F1 2.5<9a61>C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates \2310\255) +-.25 E F0(y)A F1<9a2e>A F2(*)108 273.6 Q F1 .218(All of the w)144 273.6 +R .218(ords b)-.1 F .218(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .219(This is a synon)5.218 +F .219(ym for \231)-.15 F F0(1\255$)A F1 2.719(\232. It)B .219 +(is not an error to use)2.719 F F2(*)2.719 E F1 .219(if there is)2.719 F +(just one w)144 285.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F2(x*)108 297.6 Q +F1(Abbre)144 297.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F0(x\255$)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<78ad>108 +309.6 Q F1(Abbre)144 309.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F0(x\255$)2.5 E F1(lik)2.5 E +(e)-.1 E F2(x*)2.5 E F1 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E 2.5(ord. If) +-.1 F F2(x)2.5 E F1(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w) +108 326.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 278.4 Q F0 .184 -(After the optional w)108 290.4 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F2(Modi\214ers)87 343.2 Q F1 .184 +(After the optional w)108 355.2 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F -.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 302.4 Q +.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a \231:\232.)108 367.2 Q (These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E (ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 319.2 Q F0(Remo)144 319.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H -(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 331.2 Q F0(Remo)144 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 343.2 Q F0(Remo)144 343.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E -(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 355.2 Q F0(Remo)144 355.2 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 -367.2 Q F0(Print the ne)144 367.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E -(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 379.2 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 379.2 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 391.2 Q F0 .385 -(Quote the substituted w)144 391.2 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 -E F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1 -(blanks)2.886 E F0 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) -2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F1(x)2.886 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 -403.2 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G -(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 415.2 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 427.2 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E -F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 +(nt.).15 E F2(h)108 384 Q F1(Remo)144 384 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F2(t) +108 396 Q F1(Remo)144 396 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F2(r) +108 408 Q F1(Remo)144 408 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +(\214x of the form)-.25 E F0(.xxx)2.5 E F1 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F2(e)108 420 Q F1(Remo)144 420 Q .3 -.15(ve a) +-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F2(p)108 432 Q +F1(Print the ne)144 432 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F2(q)108 444 Q F1 +(Quote the substituted w)144 444 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F2(x)108 456 Q F1 .385 +(Quote the substituted w)144 456 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F2(q)2.885 E +F1 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F2 +(blanks)2.886 E F1 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F2(q) +2.886 E F1(and)2.886 E F2(x)2.886 E F1(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 +468 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G +(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F2(s/)108 480 Q F0(old)A F2(/)A F0 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(Substitute)144 492 Q F0(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E F1 +.469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F0(old)3.199 E F1 .469 (in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969 (yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953 -(delimiter in place of /.)144 439.2 R .953 +(delimiter in place of /.)144 504 R .953 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) 5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131 -(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 451.2 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 -E F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 -(If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631 -(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 463.2 R F2 -(old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.) --2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last) -3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 475.2 R -2.987(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486 -(vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326 -E F0 .486(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.986 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.986 -(search. If)5.486 F F2(ne)144.36 487.2 Q(w)-.15 E F0 -(is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&) -108 499.2 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 499.2 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 -(g)108 511.2 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 511.2 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 -(nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A -F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 523.2 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351 -(used with `)2.851 F F1(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F -(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 535.2 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0 -(may be used as a synon)2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 -547.2 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 547.2 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C -2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E -(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 -SF(SHELL B)72 564 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 -(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 576 R .062(uiltin command documente\ -d in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1108 588 Q -F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 .577 -(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0 -(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E -F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 600 R F1 -2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) -2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A -F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 612 R .261 -(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) --5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 +(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 516 R F0(old)2.861 E F1(and)3.401 E +F0(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F1 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 +(If & appears in)5.131 F F0(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F1 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631 +(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 528 R F0 +(old)3.349 E F1 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.) +-2.5 F(If)5.619 E F0(old)3.349 E F1 .619(is null, it is set to the last) +3.889 F F0(old)3.349 E F1(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 540 R 2.987 +(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486 +(vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F0(string)3.326 +E F1 .486(in a)3.206 F F2(!?)2.986 E F0(string)A F2([?])A F1 2.986 +(search. If)5.486 F F0(ne)144.36 552 Q(w)-.15 E F1 +(is null, each matching)2.81 E F0(old)2.73 E F1(is deleted.)3.27 E F2(&) +108 564 Q F1(Repeat the pre)144 564 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g) +108 576 Q F1 .267(Cause changes to be applied o)144 576 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.767(rt).15 G .267(he entire e)-2.767 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .267(nt line.) +.15 F .267(This is used in conjunction with \231)5.267 F F2(:s)A F1 +2.768<9a28>C(e.g.,)-2.768 E<99>144 588 Q F2(:gs/)A F0(old)A F2(/)A F0 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(\232\) or \231)A F2(:&)A F1 2.5(\232. If)B +(used with \231)2.5 E F2(:s)A F1(\232, an)A 2.5(yd)-.15 G +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.5 E +(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 600 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F2(a)2.5 E F1(may be used as a synon) +2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F2(g)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(G)108 612 Q F1(Apply the follo) +144 612 Q(wing \231)-.25 E F2(s)A F1 2.5<9a6f>C 2.5<7299>-2.5 G F2(&) +-2.5 E F1 2.5<9a6d>C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 628.8 +Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F1 .063 +(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 640.8 R .062(uiltin command documen\ +ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F2108 +652.8 Q F1(accepts)3.077 E F23.077 E F1 .577 +(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F2(:)3.077 E F1 +(,)A F2(true)3.077 E F1(,)A F2(false)3.077 E F1 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E +F2(test)3.077 E F1(/)A F2([)A F1 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 664.8 R F2 +2.961 E F1(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F2(exit) +2.961 E F1(,)A F2(logout)2.961 E F1(,)A F2 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) +-.15 E F1(,)A F2(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F1(,)A F2(continue)2.961 E F1(,)A +F2(let)2.961 E F1 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F2(shift)2.961 E F1 -.2(bu) +2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 676.8 R .26 +(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F22.76 E F1 .261 +(without requiring)2.76 F F22.761 E F1 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) -108 624 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F13.654 -E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 -F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 654 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 666 R .452 -(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 678 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 694.8 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 706.8 Q(ce)-.18 E -F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 718.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 -(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 -(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 2.755 -(status of the last command e)144 730.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.755 -(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)7.165 E F0 7.755(.I).18 G(f)-7.755 E F2 -(\214lename)7.165 E F0 2.755(does not contain a slash,)5.435 F -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(60)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +108 688.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F2 +3.654 E F1 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 +(lid options and require).25 F F23.654 E F1(to)3.654 E(pre)108 +700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 +Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .654 -(\214lenames in)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.154 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .654(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.904 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)5.065 E F0 3.155(,b).18 G(ut)-3.355 E F2 -(\214lename)3.155 E F0 .655(does not need)3.155 F 1.363(to be e)144 96 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.863(cutable. The).15 F 1.362(\214le searched for in) -3.863 F F1 -.666(PA)3.862 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.362(need not be e)3.612 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.862(cutable. When).15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) -3.862 E F0 1.362(is not in)3.862 F F2 .369(posix mode)144 108 R F0 2.869 -(,i)C 2.869(ts)-2.869 G .369 -(earches the current directory if no \214le is found in)-2.869 F F1 --.666(PA)2.87 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .37(If the)4.87 -F F3(sour)2.87 E(cepath)-.18 E F0(option)2.87 E .68(to the)144 120 R F3 -(shopt)3.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.18 G .68(iltin command is turned of).2 F .68 -(f, the)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)3.18 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .68(is not searched.) -2.93 F .68(If an)5.68 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.18 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .679 -(are sup-)3.18 F .38(plied, the)144 132 R 2.88(yb)-.15 G .381 -(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.88 F F2(\214lename)2.881 E F0 -.381(is e)2.881 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.881(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .381 -(the positional)2.881 F .296(parameters are unchanged.)144 144 R .296 -(If the)5.296 F F32.796 E F0 .296(option is enabled,)2.796 F F3(.) -2.796 E F0 .295(inherits an)2.796 F 2.795(yt)-.15 G .295(rap on)-2.795 F -F3(DEB)2.795 E(UG)-.1 E F0 2.795(;i)C 2.795(fi)-2.795 G 2.795(ti)-2.795 -G 2.795(sn)-2.795 G(ot,)-2.795 E(an)144 156 Q(y)-.15 E F3(DEB)3.322 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .822(trap string is sa)3.322 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G -.822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F3(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C -(nd)-3.322 E F3(.)3.322 E F0 .823(unsets the)3.323 F F3(DEB)3.323 E(UG) --.1 E F0(trap)3.323 E .227(while it e)144 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.727 -(cutes. If).15 F F32.727 E F0 .227 -(is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F3(DEB)2.727 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.726(wv)-.25 G .226(alue is) --2.976 F .89(retained when)144 180 R F3(.)3.39 E F0 3.39(completes. The) -3.39 F .891(return status is the status of the last command e)3.39 F -.891(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 192 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F3(alias)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 -E F3A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F3(Alias)144 220.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F35.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F3(alias)5.224 E -F2(name)144 232.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:)108 84 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A +(guments)-.37 E F1(])A .451(No ef)144 96 R .451 +(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) +-.15 E F0(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F1 .452(and performing an)3.222 F +2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 108 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F2(.)108 124.8 Q F0(\214lename)6.666 E F1 +([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F1(])A F2(sour)108 136.8 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F1(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F0 +(\214lename)5.43 E F1 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33 +(status of the last command e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331 +(cuted from).15 F F0(\214lename)5.741 E F1 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F0 +(\214lename)5.741 E F1 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F +.023(names in)144 172.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.523 G(TH)-.189 +E F1 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.273 F F0 +(\214lename)4.432 E F1 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F0(\214lename)2.522 E +F1 .022(does not need to be)2.522 F -.15(exe)144 184.8 S 3.86 +(cutable. The).15 F 1.36(\214le searched for in)3.86 F F3 -.666(PA)3.86 +G(TH)-.189 E F1 1.361(need not be e)3.61 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.861 +(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.861 E F1 1.361(is not in)3.861 F F0 +(posix)3.861 E(mode)144 196.8 Q F1 2.772(,i)C 2.772(ts)-2.772 G .272 +(earches the current directory if no \214le is found in)-2.772 F F3 +-.666(PA)2.771 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .271(If the) +4.771 F F2(sour)2.771 E(cepath)-.18 E F1 .271(option to the)2.771 F F2 +(shopt)144 208.8 Q F1 -.2(bu)3.659 G 1.159(iltin command is turned of).2 +F 1.159(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F1 1.159 +(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.16(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F0(ar)3.66 E +(guments)-.37 E F1 1.16(are supplied,)3.66 F(the)144 220.8 Q 3.045(yb) +-.15 G .544(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.045 F F0(\214lename) +3.044 E F1 .544(is e)3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.044(cuted. Otherwise).15 F +.544(the positional para-)3.044 F .302(meters are unchanged.)144 232.8 R +.302(If the)5.302 F F22.802 E F1 .302(option is enabled,)2.802 F +F2(.)2.802 E F1 .302(inherits an)2.802 F 2.802(yt)-.15 G .302(rap on) +-2.802 F F2(DEB)2.802 E(UG)-.1 E F1 2.802(;i)C 2.802(fi)-2.802 G 2.802 +(ti)-2.802 G 2.803(sn)-2.802 G .303(ot, an)-2.803 F(y)-.15 E F2(DEB)144 +244.8 Q(UG)-.1 E F1 .382(trap string is sa)2.882 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.882 +(da).15 G .382(nd restored around the call to)-2.882 F F2(.)2.882 E F1 +2.882(,a)C(nd)-2.882 E F2(.)2.881 E F1 .381(unsets the)2.881 F F2(DEB) +2.881 E(UG)-.1 E F1 .381(trap while)2.881 F .812(it e)144 256.8 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.312(cutes. If).15 F F23.312 E F1 .812 +(is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)3.312 F F2(DEB)3.312 E +(UG)-.1 E F1 .812(trap, the ne)3.312 F 3.312(wv)-.25 G .813(alue is re-) +-3.562 F 1.377(tained when)144 268.8 R F2(.)3.877 E F1 3.877 +(completes. The)3.877 F 1.376 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.876 F 1.376 +(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 280.8 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F0(\214lename)4.41 E +F1(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 297.6 Q F1([)2.5 +E F2A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(value)A F1 2.5(].)C +1.666(..)-.834 G(])-1.666 E F2(Alias)144 309.6 Q F1 2.724(with no ar) +5.224 F 2.724(guments or with the)-.18 F F25.224 E F1 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.225 E +F0(name)144 321.6 Q F1(=)A F0(value)A F1 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 244.8 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) -2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 256.8 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 -(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 268.8 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F3(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 280.8 Q F3(bg)108 297.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -309.6 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F3(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 321.6 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F3 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 333.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 345.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F3(bind)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F3(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 -A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F3-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 386.4 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F32.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F3(bind)108 398.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F32.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0([:])A F2 -(shell\255command)2.5 E F3(bind)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F3(bind)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F3(bind)108 434.4 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 446.4 R F3 -.18 -(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F3 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .039(macro, or set a)144 458.4 R F3 -.18(re)2.539 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.539 G 2.539(riable. Each).25 F .039(non-option ar)2.539 F -.04(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .04(ould appear in a)-.1 F F3 --.18(re)144 470.4 S(adline).18 E F0 .182(initialization \214le such as) -2.682 F F2(.inputr)2.912 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.682(,b).31 G .182 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a sep-)-2.882 F 1.907 -(arate ar)144 482.4 R 1.907 -(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le'.)-.18 -F 1.907(Options, if supplied, ha)6.907 F 2.207 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.907 -(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 494.4 Q F3144 506.4 Q F2 --.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 518.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G(ymap)-.2 E -F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.658 -(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E F2 -.1(ke) -180 530.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F0(name) +3.08 E F1(whose)144 333.6 Q F0(value)2.508 E F1 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F0(value) +2.509 E F1 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(tution when the alias is e)144 345.6 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(or each)-.15 F F0(name)3.079 E F1 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F0(value)3.079 E F1 .578(is sup-)3.078 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 357.6 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F1 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F0(name)3.814 E F1 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 369.6 Q F2(bg)108 386.4 Q F1([) +2.5 E F0(jobspec)A F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .745 +(Resume each suspended job)144 398.4 R F0(jobspec)3.245 E F1 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F2(&)3.244 E +F1 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F0(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 410.4 Q F1 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F0(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F1 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 +(bg)5.672 E F0(jobspec)4.912 E F1 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 422.4 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F0(jobspec)2.918 E F1 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 434.4 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F2(bind)108 451.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2A F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1 +2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F1(])A F2(bind)108 463.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2 +A F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 +(function)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(function)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C +F2-2.5 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(])A F2(bind)108 475.2 Q F1 +([)2.5 E F2A F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1(])A F22.5 E F0 +(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 487.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2A F0 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F1(])A F22.5 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1([:])A F0 +(shell\255command)2.5 E F2(bind)108 499.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2A F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1(])A F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F0 +(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 511.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2A F0 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1(])A F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F0 -.37(re)C +(adline\255command).37 E F2(bind)108 523.2 Q F0 -.37(re)2.5 G +(adline-command-line).37 E F1 .238(Display current)144 535.2 R F2 -.18 +(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F1 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F1 .239(function or) +2.739 F .04(macro, or set a)144 547.2 R F2 -.18(re)2.54 G(adline).18 E +F1 -.25(va)2.54 G 2.54(riable. Each).25 F .039(non-option ar)2.54 F .039 +(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .039(ould appear in a)-.1 F F2 -.18 +(re)144 559.2 S(adline).18 E F1 .182(initialization \214le such as)2.681 +F F0(.inputr)2.912 E(c)-.37 E F1 2.682(,b).31 G .182 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a sep-)-2.882 F 1.029 +(arate ar)144 571.2 R 1.029(gument; e.g., \010"\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\ +\255read\255init\255\214le\010.)-.18 F 1.029(In the follo)6.029 F 1.029 +(wing descriptions, output a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .709 +(able to be re-read is formatted as commands that w)144 583.2 R .709 +(ould appear in a)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)3.209 G(adline).18 E F1 .709 +(initialization \214le or)3.209 F .108(that w)144 595.2 R .108 +(ould be supplied as indi)-.1 F .107(vidual ar)-.25 F .107(guments to a) +-.18 F F2(bind)2.607 E F1 2.607(command. Options,)2.607 F .107 +(if supplied, ha)2.607 F .407 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(follo)144 607.2 Q +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 619.2 Q F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1 +(Use)180 631.2 Q F0 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 E F1 2.658(as the k)5.348 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659 +(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E F0 -.1(ke) +180 643.2 S(ymap)-.2 E F1 3.193(names are)5.883 F F0 3.193 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 542.4 Q F0 4.09(,a)C(nd)-4.09 E F2(vi\255insert)4.38 -E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.589 -(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A(ve) --.1 E F0 1.589(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 554.4 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 -(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F3144 566.4 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 566.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F3144 578.4 Q F0(Display)180 578.4 Q F3 -.18(re) -2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3144 590.4 -Q F0(List current)180 590.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F3144 602.4 Q F0(Display)180 -602.4 Q F3 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 -G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 614.4 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3144 626.4 Q -F0(Display)180 626.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 -(ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) --.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F3144 638.4 Q F0(Display)180 638.4 Q F3 -.18 -(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3144 650.4 Q F0(List current)180 650.4 Q -F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F3144 662.4 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -674.4 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F3144 686.4 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 698.4 Q --.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(61)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(vi\255command)180 655.2 Q F1 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F0(vi\255insert) +4.379 E F1(.).68 E F0(vi)6.589 E F1 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.589(lent to).25 F F0(vi\255command)4.089 E F1(\()4.089 E F0(vi\255mo)A +(ve)-.1 E F1 1.59(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 667.2 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F0 +(emacs)2.5 E F1(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F0 +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(.)A F2144 679.2 Q F1 +(List the names of all)180 679.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F1 +(functions.)2.5 E F2144 691.2 Q F1(Display)180 691.2 Q F2 -.18(re) +2.5 G(adline).18 E F1(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 703.2 +Q F1(List current)180 703.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F1 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29) +144.29 E(61)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function)2.5 E F0(Unbind all k) -180 96 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2 -(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 108 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(Remo)180 120 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H -(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F1144 -132 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1([: ])A F2(shell\255command)A F0 -(Cause)180 144 Q F2(shell\255command)4.345 E F0 1.845(to be e)4.345 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.845(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke) -4.345 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.844(is entered.)4.344 F 1.844(The separator be-) -6.844 F(tween)180 156 Q F2 -.1(ke)3.015 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(and)3.015 E F2 -(shell\255command)3.016 E F0 .516 -(is either whitespace or a colon optionally follo)3.016 F .516(wed by) --.25 F 3.459(whitespace. If)180 168 R .958(the separator is whitespace,) -3.459 F F2(shell\255command)3.458 E F0 .958(must be enclosed in double) -3.458 F .622(quotes and)180 180 R F1 -.18(re)3.122 G(adline).18 E F0 --.15(ex)3.122 G .623(pands an).15 F 3.123(yo)-.15 G 3.123(fi)-3.123 G -.623(ts special backslash-escapes in)-3.123 F F2(shell\255command)3.123 -E F0(be-)3.123 E .713(fore sa)180 192 R .713(ving it.)-.2 F .713 -(If the separator is a colon, an)5.713 F 3.213(ye)-.15 G .712 -(nclosing double quotes are optional, and)-3.213 F F1 -.18(re)180 204 S -(adline).18 E F0 .098(does not e)2.598 F .098 -(xpand the command string before sa)-.15 F .099(ving it.)-.2 F .099 -(Since the entire k)5.099 F .399 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(ind-).15 E 2.72(ing e) -180 216 R 2.72(xpression must be a single ar)-.15 F 2.72 -(gument, it should be enclosed in quotes.)-.18 F(When)7.72 E F2 -(shell\255command)180 228 Q F0 .563(is e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F1(Display)180 +84 Q F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F1 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G +1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 96 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 108 Q F1 +(Display)180 108 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) +-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +(utput.)-2.5 E F2144 120 Q F1(Display)180 120 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +(adline).18 E F1 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 132 Q F1(List current)180 132 Q F2 +-.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F1 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues.)-.25 E F2144 144 Q F0(\214lename)2.5 E F1(Read k)180 156 Q +.3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F0(\214lename)2.5 E F1(.)A F2 +144 168 Q F0(function)2.5 E F1(Query about which k)180 180 Q -.15 +(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 +E F0(function)2.5 E F1(.)A F2144 192 Q F0(function)2.5 E F1 +(Unbind all k)180 204 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) +-2.5 E F0(function)2.5 E F1(.)A F2144 216 Q F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) +-.2 E F1(Remo)180 228 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H +(urrent binding for).15 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(.)A F2144 +240 Q F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2([: ])A F0(shell\255command)A F1 +(Cause)180 252 Q F0(shell\255command)4.344 E F1 1.844(to be e)4.344 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.844(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F0 -.1(ke) +4.345 G(yseq)-.2 E F1 1.845(is entered.)4.345 F 1.845(The separator be-) +6.845 F(tween)180 264 Q F0 -.1(ke)3.016 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(and)3.016 E F0 +(shell\255command)3.016 E F1 .516 +(is either whitespace or a colon optionally follo)3.016 F .515(wed by) +-.25 F 3.458(whitespace. 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If).25 F .148 -(there w)2.648 F .148(as no ar)-.1 F .148(gument, that v)-.18 F .149 -(ariable is not set.)-.25 F .149(If the e)5.149 F(x-)-.15 E .583 -(ecuted command changes the v)180 288 R .583(alue of an)-.25 F 3.083(yo) +(LINE_ARGUMENT)180 384 Q F1 -.25(va)2.399 G 2.649(riable. If).25 F .149 +(there w)2.649 F .149(as no ar)-.1 F .149(gument, that v)-.18 F .148 +(ariable is not set.)-.25 F .148(If the e)5.148 F(x-)-.15 E .582 +(ecuted command changes the v)180 396 R .583(alue of an)-.25 F 3.083(yo) -.15 G(f)-3.083 E F3(READLINE_LINE)3.083 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -(READLINE_POINT)2.832 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.832 E F3(READLINE_MARK)180 300 Q -F4(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1144 312 -Q F0 .829(List all k)180 312 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +(READLINE_POINT)2.833 E F4(,)A F1(or)2.833 E F3(READLINE_MARK)180 408 Q +F4(,)A F1(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F2144 420 +Q F1 .83(List all k)180 420 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) -.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 324 Q(The return v) -144 340.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 432 Q(The return v) +144 448.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 357.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 -(Exit from within a)144 369.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 -(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 -(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 -(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 -E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 381.6 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 -(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -393.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 -(bu)108 410.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 422.4 Q .771 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .771(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 -(ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e)-3.271 -F .77(xit status.)-.15 F .77(This is useful)5.77 F .615 +E F2(br)108 465.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A .054 +(Exit from within a)144 477.6 R F2 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F1(,)A F2 +(while)2.554 E F1(,)A F2(until)2.555 E F1 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2 +(select)2.555 E F1 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F0(n)2.555 E F1 .055 +(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F0(n)2.555 E F1(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls.).15 E F0(n)5.415 E F1 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.555 +E F1(1.)2.555 E(If)144 489.6 Q F0(n)3.075 E F1 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 +(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +501.6 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F2 -.2 +(bu)108 518.4 S(iltin).2 E F0(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F1([)2.5 E +F0(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F1(])A(Ex)144 530.4 Q .77 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .77(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F0 +(ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F1 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e)-3.271 +F .771(xit status.)-.15 F .771(This is useful)5.771 F .616 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -434.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -446.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +542.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +554.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F1 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 458.4 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 487.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 566.4 Q(alse if)-.1 +E F0(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F1(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 583.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F1(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 595.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 499.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.753 E F1(or)2.753 E F2(sour)144 607.2 Q +(ce)-.18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F0 -.2 +(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F1(,)A F2(caller)2.824 E F1 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 511.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 -(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ +.254(subroutine call.)144 619.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F0 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F1(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F1 .253 +(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 523.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) -144 535.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 547.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 559.2 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]]] [\255@] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 588 R F2(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E -F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F .93(the def)144 600 R -3.43(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.43 G(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.43 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 .929 -(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.18 F F2(dir) -3.779 E F0 3.429(:e).73 G(ach)-3.429 E .406(directory name in)144 612 R -F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 F -F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H -.407(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.407(are sepa-)2.657 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 624 R 3.299(An) -5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F3(CDP)3.299 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory)3.049 F -3.299(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.299 E -.74(``)144 636 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('')C -5.427(.I).74 G(f)-5.427 E F2(dir)3.277 E F0(be)3.657 E .427 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F12.928 E F0 .428 -(option causes)2.928 F F1(cd)2.928 E F0 .428(to use the)2.928 F(ph)144 -648 Q .168 -(ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.667 E F0 .167(and before processing) -2.667 F 1.225(instances of)144 660 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2(dir) -3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F13.725 E F0 1.225 -(option to the)3.725 F F1(set)3.725 E F0 -.2(bu)3.725 G 1.225 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F13.725 E F0 1.225(option forces)3.725 -F .412(symbolic links to be follo)144 672 R .411 -(wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F2(..) -2.911 E F0(in)2.911 E F2(dir)2.911 E F0 5.411(.I)C(f)-5.411 E F2(..) -2.911 E F0(ap-)2.911 E .34(pears in)144 684 R F2(dir)2.84 E F0 2.84(,i)C -2.84(ti)-2.84 G 2.841(sp)-2.84 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F .341 -(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .341(vious pathname component from)-.25 -F F2(dir)2.841 E F0(,)A .176(back to a slash or the be)144 696 R .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he) --2.676 E F12.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied with)2.675 F F1 -2.675 E F0 2.675(,a)C .175(nd the current w)-2.675 F(ork-)-.1 E -.341(ing directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful\ - directory change,)144 708 R F1(cd)2.841 E F0 .341(will return)2.841 F -.357(an unsuccessful status.)144 720 R .357 -(On systems that support it, the)5.357 F F12.856 E F0 .356 -(option presents the e)2.856 F .356(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(62)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +ent e)144 631.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 +(This e)144 643.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E +3.019(0. The)144 655.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F0 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F1 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 667.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 684 Q F1([)2.5 E F2 +A F1(|[)A F2A F1([)2.5 E F2A F1(]]] [\255@] [)A F0 +(dir)A F1(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 696 R F0(dir) +2.822 E F1 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F0(dir)2.822 E F1 .321 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.821 E +F1 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.365(the def)144 708 R +3.865(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.865 G(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.865 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F1 1.365 +(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.615 F F0(dir) +4.216 E F1 3.866(:t).73 G(he)-3.866 E .91 +(shell searches each directory name in)144 720 R F3(CDP)3.41 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F1(for)3.16 E F0(dir)3.41 E F1 5.91(.A)C(lternati)-5.91 +E 1.209 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .909(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.409 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F1(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 +E(62)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .069 -(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 84 R 5.069(.A)-.65 G 2.569 -(na)-5.069 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.569 E F0 .07(is con)2.57 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .07(rted to).15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF($OLDPWD)2.57 E F0 .07(before the direc-)2.32 F .307 -(tory change is attempted.)144 96 R .306 -(If a non-empty directory name from)5.307 F F2(CDP)2.806 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F12.806 E F0 .306 -(is the \214rst)2.806 F(ar)144 108 Q .116(gument, and the directory cha\ -nge is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 -G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F .15 -(tory is written to the standard output.)144 120 R .15 -(If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F1(cd)2.65 E F0 .15 -(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 132 Q F0(en)2.957 E -.457(vironment v)-.4 F .457(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G -.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.958 E F0(en)2.958 -E .458(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .126(able to the v)144 144 R .126 -(alue of the current w)-.25 F .126(orking directory before the change.) --.1 F .125(The return v)5.125 F .125(alue is true if the)-.25 F -(directory w)144 156 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.) --.1 E F1(command)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 -E(Run)144 184.8 Q F3(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F3(ar)2.894 E(gs) --.37 E F0 .065(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F -.065(Only b)5.065 F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502 -(commands found in the)144 196.8 R F2 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -.502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1 -3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501 -(n, the search for).15 F F3(command)3.201 E F0(is)3.771 E .399 -(performed using a def)144 208.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F .399(alue for)-.25 -F F2 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 84 R 3.264 +(An)5.764 G .764(ull directory name in)-3.264 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F1 .764 +(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 96 Q 2.72(,i)-.65 G +.22(.e., \231.\232.)-2.72 F(If)5.22 E F0(dir)3.069 E F1(be)3.449 E .219 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CDP)2.719 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F1 .219(is not used.)2.469 F(The)5.219 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +2.719 E F1 .219(option causes)2.719 F F3(cd)2.719 E F1(to)2.719 E +1.286(use the ph)144 108 R 1.287 +(ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F0(dir)3.787 E F1 1.287(and before)3.787 F +.207(processing instances of)144 120 R F0(..)2.706 E F1(in)2.706 E F0 +(dir)2.706 E F1 .206(\(see also the)2.706 F F32.706 E F1 .206 +(option to the)2.706 F F3(set)2.706 E F1 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F32.706 E F1(option)2.706 E .19 +(forces symbolic links to be follo)144 132 R .191 +(wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F0(..) +2.691 E F1(in)2.691 E F0(dir)2.691 E F1 5.191(.I)C(f)-5.191 E F0(..)144 +144 Q F1 .322(appears in)2.822 F F0(dir)2.822 E F1 2.822(,i)C 2.822(ti) +-2.822 G 2.822(sp)-2.822 G .321(rocessed by remo)-2.822 F .321 +(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .321(vious pathname component from)-.25 +F F0(dir)144 156 Q F1 3.156(,b)C .656(ack to a slash or the be)-3.156 F +.656(ginning of)-.15 F F0(dir)3.156 E F1 5.656(.I)C 3.156(ft)-5.656 G +(he)-3.156 E F33.156 E F1 .656(option is supplied with)3.156 F F3 +3.156 E F1 3.156(,a)C .656(nd the current)-3.156 F -.1(wo)144 168 +S .863(rking directory cannot be successfully determined after a succes\ +sful directory change,).1 F F3(cd)3.363 E F1(will)3.363 E .338 +(return an unsuccessful status.)144 180 R .339 +(On systems that support it, the)5.338 F F32.839 E F1 .339 +(option presents the e)2.839 F .339(xtended at-)-.15 F(trib)144 192 Q +.589(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F 5.589(.A)-.65 G +3.089(na)-5.589 G -.18(rg)-3.089 G .589(ument of).18 F F33.089 E F1 +.588(is con)3.089 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .588(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)3.088 E +F1(before)2.838 E .21(the directory change is attempted.)144 204 R .211 +(If a non-empty directory name from)5.211 F F2(CDP)2.711 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F1 .211(is used, or if)2.461 F F32.711 E F1(is) +2.711 E .274(the \214rst ar)144 216 R .274(gument, and the directory ch\ +ange is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.774(ww)-.25 +G(ork-)-2.874 E 1.055(ing directory is written to the standard output.) +144 228 R 1.056(If the directory change is successful,)6.056 F F3(cd) +3.556 E F1 1.056(sets the)3.556 F -.25(va)144 240 S .508(lue of the).25 +F F3(PWD)3.008 E F1(en)3.008 E .508(vironment v)-.4 F .508 +(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 3.008(wd)-.25 G .508 +(irectory name, and sets the)-3.008 F F3(OLDPWD)3.008 E F1(en)3.008 E +(vi-)-.4 E .112(ronment v)144 252 R .112(ariable to the v)-.25 F .112 +(alue of the current w)-.25 F .112(orking directory before the change.) +-.1 F .112(The return v)5.112 F(alue)-.25 E(is true if the directory w) +144 264 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F3 +(command)108 280.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F3(\255pVv)A F1(])A F0(command)2.5 E F1 +([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E(Run)144 292.8 Q +F0(command)2.765 E F1(with)3.335 E F0(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F1 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 +F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 304.8 R +F2 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F1 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F33.002 E F1 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F0(command)3.202 E +F1(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 316.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F1 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 220.8 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F3(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 232.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 -(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F3(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 -144 244.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 256.8 R F3(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F3 -(command)144.2 268.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 280.8 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F3(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 -(compgen)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F3(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F3(option)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(wor)-2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(])A .012 -(Generate possible completion matches for)144 309.6 R F3(wor)2.513 E(d) --.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F3(option)2.513 E F0 .013 -(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E 1.217 -(accepted by the)144 321.6 R F1(complete)3.717 E F0 -.2(bu)3.717 G 1.217 -(iltin with the e).2 F 1.217(xceptions of)-.15 F F13.716 E F0(,)A -F13.716 E F0(,)A F13.716 E F0(,)A F13.716 E F0 3.716 -(,a)C(nd)-3.716 E F13.716 E F0 3.716(,a)C 1.216(nd write the) --3.716 F .504(matches to the standard output.)144 333.6 R .505(If the) -5.504 F F13.005 E F0 .505(option is supplied,)3.005 F F1(compgen) -3.005 E F0 .505(stores the generated com-)3.005 F 1.087 -(pletions into the inde)144 345.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.587(da).15 G 1.087 -(rray v)-3.587 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(varname)3.587 E F0 1.086 -(instead of writing them to the standard output.)3.586 F .194 -(When using the)144 357.6 R F12.694 E F0(or)2.694 E F12.694 -E F0 .195(options, the v)2.695 F .195(arious shell v)-.25 F .195 -(ariables set by the programmable completion)-.25 F -.1(fa)144 369.6 S +5.399 E .174(either the)144 328.8 R F32.674 E F1(or)2.674 E F3 +2.674 E F1 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F0 +(command)2.875 E F1 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F32.675 E +F1 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 340.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F0(command)3.617 E F1 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F3144 352.8 Q F1 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F32.749 E F1(or) +2.749 E F32.75 E F1 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 364.8 R F0(command)3.705 E F1 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F0 +(command)144.2 376.8 Q F1 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F3(command)4.099 E F1 -.2(bu)144 388.8 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F0(command)2.7 E F1(.).77 E F3 +(compgen)108 405.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F3A F0(varname)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C +F0(option)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(wor)-2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(])A .013 +(Generate possible completion matches for)144 417.6 R F0(wor)2.513 E(d) +-.37 E F1 .013(according to the)2.513 F F0(option)2.513 E F1 .013 +(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E 1.216 +(accepted by the)144 429.6 R F3(complete)3.716 E F1 -.2(bu)3.716 G 1.216 +(iltin with the e).2 F 1.216(xceptions of)-.15 F F33.716 E F1(,)A +F33.717 E F1(,)A F33.717 E F1(,)A F33.717 E F1 3.717 +(,a)C(nd)-3.717 E F33.717 E F1 3.717(,a)C 1.217(nd write the) +-3.717 F .505(matches to the standard output.)144 441.6 R .505(If the) +5.505 F F33.005 E F1 .505(option is supplied,)3.005 F F3(compgen) +3.004 E F1 .504(stores the generated com-)3.004 F 1.086 +(pletions into the inde)144 453.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.586(da).15 G 1.086 +(rray v)-3.586 F(ariable)-.25 E F0(varname)3.586 E F1 1.087 +(instead of writing them to the standard output.)3.586 F .195 +(When using the)144 465.6 R F32.695 E F1(or)2.695 E F32.695 +E F1 .195(options, the v)2.695 F .195(arious shell v)-.25 F .194 +(ariables set by the programmable completion)-.25 F -.1(fa)144 477.6 S (cilities, while a).1 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15 (ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E .352 -(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 393.6 R .352 +(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 494.4 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -405.6 R(If)5.02 E F3(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 417.6 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 441.6 Q +506.4 R(If)5.02 E F0(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F1 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 518.4 Q F0(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 535.2 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 -(complete)108 458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1-2.5 E F3(action)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 470.4 Q F1A F3 -(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F3(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F3(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F3 -(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 482.4 Q F1A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3 -(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 494.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DEI) -A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 506.4 R -3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 -E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F13.133 -E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 -(options are supplied, e)144 518.4 R .139 -(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14 -(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 -530.4 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3(name) -2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3 -(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 542.4 R(The)6.207 E -F13.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 554.4 R(`def)-.74 E -(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -566.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F13.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .876 -(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 578.4 R -(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) --3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 590.4 R(The)5.447 E -F12.947 E F0 .448 -(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 -(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 602.4 R -.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.02(limiter such as) -144 614.4 R F1(;)3.52 E F0(or)3.52 E F1(|)3.52 E F0 3.52(,w)C 1.021 -(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.52 F 1.021 -(If multiple options are sup-)6.021 F .708(plied, the)144 626.4 R F1 -3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F13.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 -F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1 -3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H -(f).15 E F13.207 E F0(,)A F1144 638.4 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) --2.603 E F12.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 -G(ther)-2.603 E F3(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 -(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F -(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 650.4 Q .153 -(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -674.4 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 -686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 710.4 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 -(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 2.742(options \(and, if necessary) -144 722.4 R 5.242(,t)-.65 G(he)-5.242 E F15.242 E F0(and)5.241 E -F15.241 E F0 2.741 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from)5.241 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 -768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(63)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F3 +(complete)108 552 Q F1([)2.5 E F3(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F1 2.5(][)C F3 +-2.5 E F0(comp-option)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F3(\255DEI)-2.5 E F1 2.5 +(][)C F3-2.5 E F0(action)2.5 E F1(])A([)144 564 Q F3A F0 +(globpat)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F0(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F1 +2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F0(function)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F0 +(command)2.5 E F1(])A([)144 576 Q F3A F0(\214lterpat)2.5 E F1 2.5 +(][)C F3-2.5 E F0(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F1 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 +E F0(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F1(])A F0(name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0(name)A F1 +1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E F3(complete \255pr)108 588 Q F1([)2.5 E F3 +(\255DEI)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .633 +(Specify ho)144 600 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 +(uments to each).18 F F0(name)3.133 E F1 .633(should be completed.)3.133 +F .634(If the)5.634 F F33.134 E F1 .634 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .567(options or)144 612 R F0(name) +3.067 E F1 3.067(sa)C .567(re supplied, e)-3.067 F .566 +(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .566 +(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E .046(them to be reused as input.)144 624 R +(The)5.046 E F32.546 E F1 .046(option remo)2.546 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.547(sac).15 G .047(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.547 F F0 +(name)2.547 E F1 2.547(,o)C .847 -.4(r, i)-2.547 H(f).4 E(no)144 636 Q +F0(name)2.954 E F1 2.953(sa)C .453 +(re supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)-2.953 F(The)5.453 E F3 +2.953 E F1 .453(option indicates that other supplied)2.953 F 1.454 +(options and actions should apply to the \231def)144 648 R 1.454 +(ault\232 command completion; that is, completion at-)-.1 F .021 +(tempted on a command for which no completion has pre)144 660 R .021 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.02 E F32.52 E F1 .02 +(option indi-)2.52 F .698(cates that other supplied options and actions\ + should apply to \231empty\232 command completion; that)144 672 R .577 +(is, completion attempted on a blank line.)144 684 R(The)5.577 E F3 +3.077 E F1 .576(option indicates that other supplied options and) +3.077 F .331 +(actions should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 +696 R .332(ord on the line, or after a com-)-.1 F .119 +(mand delimiter such as)144 708 R F3(;)2.618 E F1(or)2.618 E F3(|)2.618 +E F1 2.618(,w)C .118(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.618 F +.118(If multiple options are)5.118 F 1.003(supplied, the)144 720 R F3 +3.503 E F1 1.003(option tak)3.503 F 1.004(es precedence o)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F33.504 E F1 3.504(,a)C 1.004(nd both tak) +-3.504 F 3.504(ep)-.1 G 1.004(recedence o)-3.504 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 +E F33.504 E F1 6.004(.I)C 3.504(fa)-6.004 G 1.304 -.15(ny o)-3.504 +H(f).15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(63)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -(pansion before the).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 -108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 120 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 -(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 -(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) -184 132 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 -144 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 156 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) -2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F -(matches.)224 168 Q F1(default)184 180 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 180 -R 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F1(,)A F2 +3.082 E F1 3.082(,o)C(r)-3.082 E F23.082 E F1 .582 +(are supplied, an)3.082 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.082 E F0(name)3.082 E +F1(ar)3.082 E .582(guments are ignored; these completions only apply) +-.18 F(to the case speci\214ed by the option.)144 96 Q .152 +(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 +112.8 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 +124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F1(.)A .556 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 141.6 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 +(guments to the)-.18 F F23.055 E F1(,)A F23.055 E F1 3.055 +(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F23.055 E F1 .722(options \(and, if necessary) +144 153.6 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F23.222 E F1(and)3.222 E +F23.222 E F1 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 165.6 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2144 182.4 Q +F0(comp-option)2.5 E F1(The)184 194.4 Q F0(comp-option)2.791 E F1 .291 +(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') +.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 206.4 Q F0 +(comp-option)5 E F1(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 218.4 Q F1 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 230.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E +F1 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 +242.4 Q F2(default)184 254.4 Q F1 2.876(Use readline')224 254.4 R 5.376 +(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 192 Q F1(dir)184 204 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 216 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -228 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 240 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 252 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 -(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 264 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 276 Q F1 -(fullquote)184 288 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 300 S +224 266.4 Q F2(dir)184 278.4 Q(names)-.15 E F1(Perform directory name c\ +ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 290.4 Q F2 +(\214lenames)184 302.4 Q F1 -.7(Te)224 314.4 S .137(ll readline that th\ +e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c> +-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 326.4 R +2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) +-2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 +338.4 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 350.4 Q +F2(fullquote)184 362.4 Q F1 -.7(Te)224 374.4 S (ll readline to quote all the completed w).7 E(ords e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -(re not \214lenames.)-2.5 E F1(noquote)184 312 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 312 S +(re not \214lenames.)-2.5 E F2(noquote)184 386.4 Q F1 -.7(Te)224 386.4 S .814(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 -F 3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 324 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 336 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 336 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 348 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 348 S -.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 360 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 372 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 372 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +F 3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 398.4 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F2(nosort)184 410.4 Q +F1 -.7(Te)224 410.4 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\ +letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F2(nospace)184 422.4 Q F1 -.7(Te) +224 422.4 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 +(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 +434.4 Q F2(plusdirs)184 446.4 Q F1 1.985(After an)224 446.4 R 4.485(ym) +-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 384 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 396 -Q F1144 408 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 420 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 -(may be one of the follo)2.5 E -(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -432 Q F0(Alias names.)224 432 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 444 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 456 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 468 Q(Readline)224 468 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 480 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 480 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 492 -Q F0(Command names.)224 504 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 516 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 528 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 540 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 552 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -564 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 564 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -576 Q F0(Names of e)224 576 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) --.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -588 Q F0(File names.)224 588 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 600 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 612 -Q F1(gr)184 624 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 624 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -636 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 648 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 660 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 672 -Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 684 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 684 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 696 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 708 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) --.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 -768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(64)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 458.4 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 +470.4 Q F2144 482.4 Q F0(action)2.5 E F1(The)184 494.4 Q F0 +(action)2.5 E F1(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F2(alias)184 +506.4 Q F1(Alias names.)224 506.4 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2 +2.5 E F1(.)A F2(arrayv)184 518.4 Q(ar)-.1 E F1(Array v)224 530.4 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F2(binding)184 542.4 Q(Readline)224 542.4 Q F1 +-.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F2 -.2(bu)184 554.4 S +(iltin).2 E F1(Names of shell b)224 554.4 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(command)184 +566.4 Q F1(Command names.)224 578.4 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2 +2.5 E F1(.)A F2(dir)184 590.4 Q(ectory)-.18 E F1(Directory names.) +224 602.4 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F22.5 E F1(.)A F2 +(disabled)184 614.4 Q F1(Names of disabled shell b)224 626.4 Q(uiltins.) +-.2 E F2(enabled)184 638.4 Q F1(Names of enabled shell b)224 638.4 Q +(uiltins.)-.2 E F2(export)184 650.4 Q F1(Names of e)224 650.4 Q +(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as) +2.5 E F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(\214le)184 662.4 Q F1(File names.)224 +662.4 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(function) +184 674.4 Q F1(Names of shell functions.)224 686.4 Q F2(gr)184 698.4 Q +(oup)-.18 E F1(Group names.)224 698.4 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E +F22.5 E F1(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(64) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(running)184 84 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 -84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 96 Q(vice)-.1 E F0 -(Service names.)224 96 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(setopt)184 108 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 108 S(lid ar)1.11 E -(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 120 Q F0 -(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 120 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 132 Q F0(Signal names.)224 132 Q F1 -(stopped)184 144 Q F0(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 -144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(user)184 156 Q F0(User names.)224 156 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 168 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 168 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 180 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 192 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(helptopic)184 84 Q F1 +(Help topics as accepted by the)224 96 Q F2(help)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin.).2 E F2(hostname)184 108 Q F1(Hostnames, as tak)224 120 Q +(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F1(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(job)184 132 Q F1 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F22.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(ke)184 144 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F1(Shell reserv)224 156 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(running)184 +168 Q F1(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 168 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(ser)184 180 Q(vice)-.1 E F1(Service names.)224 180 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(setopt)184 192 +Q F1 -1.11(Va)224 192 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F22.5 +E F1(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2 +(shopt)184 204 Q F1(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 204 Q F2 +(shopt)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(signal)184 216 Q F1 +(Signal names.)224 216 Q F2(stopped)184 228 Q F1 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F2(user)184 240 Q F1(User names.)224 240 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F22.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(va)184 252 S +(riable).1 E F1(Names of all shell v)224 252 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(.)A F2144 264 Q F0 +(command)2.5 E(command)184 276 Q F1 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F 2.5 -(completions. Ar)184 204 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1144 216 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 228 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +(completions. Ar)184 288 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F2 +2.5 E F1(option.)2.5 E F2144 300 Q F0(function)2.5 E F1 .113 +(The shell function)184 312 R F0(function)2.614 E F1 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 240 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 324 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F2 +($1)A F1 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 252 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 264 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 276 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 288 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1144 300 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 -(The pathname e)184 312 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 324 Q F1144 336 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 348 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 336 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F2 +($2)A F1 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 348 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F2($3)A F1 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 360 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +-.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 372 Q(Y)-.828 E F1(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F2144 384 Q F0(globpat)2.5 E F1 1.008(The pathname e)184 396 R +1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F0(globpat)3.507 E F1 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 408 Q +F2144 420 Q F0(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 432 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F1 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 360 Q F1144 372 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 372 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 444 Q F2144 456 Q F0(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 456 Q<8c78>-.18 E F1 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 384 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 396 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 -(each resultant w)184 408 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) --.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 -E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 420 Q .765 -(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F2144 468 Q F0(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F1(The)184 480 Q F0(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F1 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F1 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 +(each resultant w)184 492 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 +F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F0(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F1 +3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 504 Q .766 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 432 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0 1.964 +(va)184 516 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F1 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.465 F(match the w)184 444 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 456 -Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 468 Q F0 .455 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 480 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 492 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 504 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .461(The return v)144 520.8 R .461 -(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .46 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.96 E F0(,) -A F12.96 E F0(,)A F12.96 E F0(,)A F12.96 E F0(,)A(or) -144 532.8 Q F12.985 E F0 .485(is supplied without a)2.985 F F2 -(name)2.985 E F0(ar)2.986 E .486(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 -F .786 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H .486(ompletion speci\214ca-).15 F .164 -(tion for a)144 544.8 R F2(name)2.664 E F0 .164 -(for which no speci\214cation e)2.664 F .164 +6.464 F(match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F2144 540 +Q F0(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 552 Q F1 .456 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 564 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 576 Q F0(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F1 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F2(!)3.204 E F1 +(in)3.204 E F0(\214lterpat)3.204 E F1(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 588 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F0(\214lterpat)2.5 E F1(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .46(The return v)144 604.8 R .46 +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .461 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F22.961 E F1 +(,)A F22.961 E F1(,)A F22.961 E F1(,)A F22.961 E F1(,) +A(or)144 616.8 Q F22.986 E F1 .486(is supplied without a)2.986 F +F0(name)2.986 E F1(ar)2.986 E .486(gument, an attempt is made to remo) +-.18 F .785 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H .485(ompletion speci\214ca-).15 F .163 +(tion for a)144 628.8 R F0(name)2.663 E F1 .164 +(for which no speci\214cation e)2.663 F .164 (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214ca-)-.15 F -(tion.)144 556.8 Q F1(compopt)108 573.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2 -(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447 -(Modify completion options for each)144 585.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447 -(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447 -(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 597.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 609.6 Q F2(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 621.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) --5.178 E F12.678 E F0 .178 +(tion.)144 640.8 Q F2(compopt)108 657.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2A F0 +(option)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F0 +(option)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1(])A .447 +(Modify completion options for each)144 669.6 R F0(name)2.947 E F1 .447 +(according to the)2.947 F F0(option)2.947 E F1 .447 +(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 681.6 R F0(name)3.225 E F1 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F0(option)3.225 E F1 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 693.6 Q F0(name) +3.224 E F1 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F0(option)3.224 E F1 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 705.6 Q F1 -.2(bu) +2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +-5.178 E F22.678 E F1 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -1.227(the `)144 633.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ -mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 645.6 R 2.039 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F14.538 E F0 2.038 -(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 -(should apply to `)144 657.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.038 F(The)144 669.6 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ -her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 -F .867(assignment w)144 681.6 R .868 -(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) --3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 693.6 Q .432(The return v)144 717.6 R -.431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 -(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F -(tions for a)144 729.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(65)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +1.456(the \231def)144 717.6 R 1.455(ault\232 command completion; that i\ +s, completion attempted on a command for which no)-.1 F 2.038 +(completion has pre)144 729.6 R 2.038(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F +(The)7.038 E F24.538 E F1 2.039 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 +768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(65)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(continue)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .85 -(Resume the ne)144 96 R .85(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25 -(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 -3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F2(n) -3.711 E F0 .851(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 108 R -F2(n)2.704 E F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be) -2.944 F/F3 10/Symbol SF2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F2(n)3.063 E -F0 .203(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 -(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 120 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 -(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 132 Q F1(declar)108 -148.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E F1(typeset)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 -2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 172.8 R 1.265 -(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F -3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 -(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) --3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 184.8 S 3.46(riables. The).25 -F F13.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 -(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 -G(hen)-5.96 E F13.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 196.8 Q F2 -(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275 -(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F12.775 E F0(and) -2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) -5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 208.8 Q -F2(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib) --.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29 -(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 220.8 Q .38 -(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 -(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F12.88 E F0(,)A F1 -(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 -232.8 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.606 E F0 1.107 -(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144 -244.8 R(The)5.3 E F12.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \ -function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144 -256.8 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F1(extdeb)4.04 E -(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F1(shopt)4.04 E -F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 -(name and line number where each)144 268.8 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648 -(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F13.148 E -F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F1144 280.8 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he) --5.836 E F13.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .172(should apply to \231empty\232 command complet\ +ion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)144 84 R(The)5.172 E +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q F1 1.014(option indicates that oth\ +er supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-as-) +3.513 F .282(signment w)144 108 R .281 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F2(;)2.781 +E F1(or)2.781 E F2(|)2.781 E F1 2.781(,w)C .281(hich is usually command) +-2.781 F(name completion.)144 120 Q .431(The return v)144 136.8 R .431 +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 +(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F +(tions for a)144 148.8 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1 +(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 165.6 Q F1([) +2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 177.6 R .851 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F1(,)A +F2(while)3.351 E F1(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F1 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F2 +(select)3.35 E F1 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F0(n)3.71 E F1 .85 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 189.6 R F0(n)2.703 E F1 +.203(th enclosing loop.)B F0(n)5.563 E F1 .203(must be)2.943 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF2.703 E F1 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F0(n)3.064 E F1 .204 +(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F .737 +(the shell resumes the last enclosing loop \(the \231top-le)144 201.6 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .737(l\232 loop\).).15 F .737(The return v)5.737 F .737 +(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F0(n)3.237 E F1(is)3.237 E +(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 213.6 Q F2(declar)108 230.4 Q(e) +-.18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 +2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(value)A F1 2.5(].)C 1.666(..)-.834 G +(])-1.666 E F2(typeset)108 242.4 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F1 +2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(value)A F1 +2.5(].)C 1.666(..)-.834 G(])-1.666 E 1.264(Declare v)144 254.4 R 1.264 +(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F +3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F0(name)3.765 E F1 3.765(sa)C 1.265 +(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v) +-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 266.4 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +F F23.46 E F1 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 +(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F0(name)3.82 E F1 5.96(.W).18 +G(hen)-5.96 E F23.46 E F1 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 278.4 Q F0 +(name)2.774 E F1(ar)2.774 E .274 +(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F22.775 E F1(and) +2.775 E F22.775 E F1 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.275 E F22.775 E F1 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 290.4 Q +F0(name)2.864 E F1(ar)2.864 E .364(guments, it will display the attrib) +-.18 F .363(utes and v)-.2 F .363(alues of all v)-.25 F .363 +(ariables ha)-.25 F .363(ving the attrib-)-.2 F .118 +(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)144 302.4 R .118 +(If no other options are supplied with)5.118 F F22.618 E F1(,)A F2 +(declar)2.618 E(e)-.18 E F1 .119(will dis-)2.619 F .47(play the attrib) +144 314.4 R .47(utes and v)-.2 F .47(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 2.969 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F22.969 E F1 .469 +(option will restrict the display to shell)2.969 F 3.117(functions. The) +144 326.4 R F23.117 E F1 .617(option inhibits the display of func\ +tion de\214nitions; only the function name and)3.117 F(attrib)144 338.4 +Q 1.059(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.059(If the)6.059 F F2(extdeb)3.559 E +(ug)-.2 E F1 1.059(shell option is enabled using)3.559 F F2(shopt)3.558 +E F1 3.558(,t)C 1.058(he source \214le name)-3.558 F 1.281 +(and line number where each)144 350.4 R F0(name)3.781 E F1 1.281 +(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.781 F(The)6.281 E F23.782 E +F1 1.282(option implies)3.782 F F23.782 E F1(.)A(The)144 362.4 Q +F22.735 E F1 .235(option forces v)2.735 F .235 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F1(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 292.8 Q -(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819 -(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818 -(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F13.318 E -F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 304.8 S .693 -(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693(xcept the) --.15 F F2(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2 -F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye)-.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F -(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 316.8 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82 -(at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82 -(xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F -.379(initially unset.)144 328.8 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379 -(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38 -(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 340.8 Q(ute or to gi) --.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1144 -352.8 Q F0(Each)180 352.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E -F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 364.8 Q F0(Each)180 -364.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 376.8 Q F0(Use function names only)180 -376.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 388.8 Q F0 .558(The v)180 388.8 R .558 +(ve)-.25 G 2.734(nw).15 G(hen)-2.734 E F2(declar)2.734 E(e)-.18 E F1(is) +2.734 E -.15(exe)144 374.4 S .527(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .528 +(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.527 F(The)5.528 E F23.028 E +F1 .528(option causes local v)3.028 F(ariables)-.25 E .871 +(to inherit the attrib)144 386.4 R .871(utes \(e)-.2 F .871(xcept the) +-.15 F F0(namer)3.371 E(ef)-.37 E F1(attrib)3.371 E .871(ute\) and v)-.2 +F .871(alue of an)-.25 F 3.37(ye)-.15 G .87(xisting v)-3.52 F .87 +(ariable with the)-.25 F(same)144 398.4 Q F0(name)3.457 E F1 .957 +(at a surrounding scope.)3.457 F .957(If there is no e)5.957 F .958 +(xisting v)-.15 F .958(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .958 +(ariable is initially)-.25 F 2.746(unset. The)144 410.4 R(follo)2.746 E +.245(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .245 +(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F(ute)-.2 E(or to gi)144 +422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F2 +144 434.4 Q F1(Each)180 434.4 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 +E F1(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 446.4 Q F1(Each)180 +446.4 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F1(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 458.4 Q F1(Use function names only)180 +458.4 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 470.4 Q F1 .557(The v)180 470.4 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 400.8 Q F0(abo) +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 482.4 Q F1(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) --2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 412.8 Q -F0 .909(When the v)180 412.8 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2144 494.4 Q +F1 .91(When the v)180 494.4 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 424.8 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 436.8 -Q F0(Gi)180 436.8 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0 -(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 -(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .477 -(That other v)180 448.8 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478 -(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 460.8 Q .782 -(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)3.282 E F0 3.282(,e)C .782 -(xcept those using or changing the)-3.432 F F13.281 E F0(attrib) -3.281 E .781(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 472.8 R -.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 484.8 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 496.8 Q F0 -(Mak)180 496.8 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)3.655 E F0 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 506.4 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2144 518.4 +Q F1(Gi)180 518.4 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F0(name)3.819 E F1 +(the)3.819 E F0(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F1(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .478 +(That other v)180 530.4 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 +(alue of)-.25 F F0(name)2.978 E F1 5.478(.A)C .478 +(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 542.4 Q .781 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F0(name)3.281 E F1 3.281(,e)C .782 +(xcept those using or changing the)-3.431 F F23.282 E F1(attrib) +3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 554.4 R +.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F0(name)3.308 E F1 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 +F(applied to array v)180 566.4 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F2144 578.4 Q F1 +(Mak)180 578.4 Q(e)-.1 E F0(name)3.654 E F1 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F -1.154(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 -508.8 Q F1144 520.8 Q F0(Gi)180 520.8 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) -.15 E F2(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) -2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1 -(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 532.8 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 -544.8 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 544.8 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 +1.155(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 +590.4 Q F2144 602.4 Q F1(Gi)180 602.4 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) +.15 E F0(name)2.93 E F1(the)2.929 E F0(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F1(attrib) +2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2 +(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F1(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F1 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 614.4 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2144 +626.4 Q F1 .909(When the v)180 626.4 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 -F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 556.8 -R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1 -144 568.8 Q F0(Mark)180 568.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 585.6 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 -(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F1(+A)2.644 E F0 -.144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 597.6 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G -.579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 -(will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 -F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 609.6 Q F1 -(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F1(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 -E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 -(command, unless the)3.544 F F13.544 E F0 1.205 -(option is supplied.)144 621.6 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 -(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 +F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 638.4 +R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2 +144 650.4 Q F1(Mark)180 650.4 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .79 +(Using \231+\232 instead of \231\255\232 turns of)144 667.2 R 3.29(ft) +-.25 G .789(he attrib)-3.29 F .789(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .789 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)3.289 E F1(and)3.289 E F2(+A)3.289 E F1 +(may)3.289 E .088(not be used to destro)144 679.2 R 2.588(ya)-.1 G .088 +(rray v)-2.588 F .088(ariables and)-.25 F F2(+r)2.588 E F1 .088 +(will not remo)2.588 F .388 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .088(he readonly attrib).15 +F 2.589(ute. When)-.2 F .089(used in)2.589 F 3.045(af)144 691.2 S +(unction,)-3.045 E F2(declar)3.045 E(e)-.18 E F1(and)3.045 E F2(typeset) +3.045 E F1(mak)3.045 E 3.045(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.045 E F0(name)3.044 E F1 +.544(local, as with the)3.044 F F2(local)3.044 E F1 .544 +(command, unless the)3.044 F F23.044 E F1 1.205 +(option is supplied.)144 703.2 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F0(value)A F1 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 633.6 Q F0 5.217(.W)C .217 -(hen using)-5.217 F F12.717 E F0(or)2.717 E F12.717 E F0 -.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218 -(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 645.6 R .882 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F0(value)144 715.2 Q F1 5.218(.W)C .218 +(hen using)-5.218 F F22.718 E F1(or)2.718 E F22.718 E F1 +.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 +(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 727.2 R .882 (utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 -(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 657.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .365(lid optio\ -n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F -/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .366(\255f foo=bar)2.866 F F0 2.866(,a)C 2.866(na) --2.866 G(t-)-2.866 E .549(tempt is made to assign a v)144 669.6 R .549 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .548 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F -1.748(array v)144 681.6 R 1.748 -(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)4.249 E F0(abo)4.249 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.749(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)144 693.6 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F -.359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G -.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 705.6 R 1.213 -(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 -(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) --.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 717.6 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E -F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(66) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E +(66)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 96 S .329 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(in)144 84 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .704(lid option is encou\ +ntered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using \231\255f foo=b\ +ar\232.).25 F .703(an at-)5.703 F .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 +96 R .548(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .549 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F +1.749(array v)144 108 R 1.749 +(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)4.248 E F1(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748 +(\), one of the).15 F F0(names)144 120 Q F1 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359 +(alid shell v)-.25 F .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of) +-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213 +(only v)144 132 R 1.213(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F +3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212 +(ariable, or an attempt is)-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 144 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F22.5 E F1(.)A F2 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 160.8 Q F0(n)A F2 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F0(n)A F2 +(])A F1 -.4(Wi)144 172.8 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 108 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 120 Q -F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 184.8 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 196.8 Q +F1 .927(command; the)3.427 F F2(popd)3.428 E F1 .928(command remo)3.428 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 -(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 132 S -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 144 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 144 Q F1 -144 156 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 156 R .882 +(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 208.8 S +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2144 220.8 Q F1 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 220.8 Q +F2144 232.8 Q F1 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 232.8 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -168 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 180 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 180 Q F1 -144 192 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pr\ -e\214xing each entry with its inde)180 192 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt) --2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 204 Q F1(+)144 216 Q F2(n)A F0 1.564 -(Displays the)180 216 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 228 Q F1144 240 Q F2(n)A -F0 1.194(Displays the)180 240 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +244.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 256.8 Q F1 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 256.8 Q F2 +144 268.8 Q F1 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 268.8 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 280.8 Q F2(+)144 292.8 Q F0(n)A F1 +1.565(Displays the)180 292.8 R F0(n)4.065 E F1 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)4.064 E F1 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 304.8 Q F2144 316.8 Q F0 +(n)A F1 1.194(Displays the)180 316.8 R F0(n)3.694 E F1 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 252 Q .257(The return v)144 -268.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +F2(dirs)3.694 E F1 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 328.8 Q .258(The return v)144 +345.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F0(n)2.758 E F1(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 280.8 Q F1(diso)108 297.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 309.6 S .122 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) -4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 321.6 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 -2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 333.6 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 345.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 -3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 357.6 R F1 -3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 369.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 -(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 398.4 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 410.4 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144 -422.4 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067 -(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 434.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +.15 F(tory stack.)144 357.6 Q F2(diso)108 374.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F1([)2.5 E F2 +(\255ar)A F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(jobspec)-2.5 E F1 +-3.332 1.666(... |)2.5 H F0(pid).834 E F1 -3.332 1.666(... ])2.5 H -.4 +(Wi)144 386.4 S .121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) +.15 E F0(jobspec)4.362 E F1 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 +-.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 F F0(jobspec)4.362 E F1 .122 +(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 398.4 R F22.596 +E F1 .096(nor the)2.596 F F22.596 E F1 .096 +(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F0(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F1 +.096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F22.596 E F1 .096 +(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F F0(jobspec) +145.74 410.4 Q F1 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085(df).15 G +.585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1 +F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F1 .586 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 422.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F0(jobspec)5.202 E F1 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 +3.462 E F1 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 434.4 R F2 +3.858 E F1 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F0(jobspec)5.598 E F1 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 446.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F0 +(jobspec)4.24 E F1(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E +F2(echo)108 463.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .425(Output the)144 475.2 R F0(ar) +2.925 E(g)-.37 E F1 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424 +(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924(wline. The)-.25 F .424 +(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307(error occurs.)144 487.2 +R(If)5.307 E F22.807 E F1 .307(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne) +2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .308(If the)5.308 F F2 +2.808 E F1 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F +(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 499.2 R .198 +(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.198 E F2 +2.698 E F1 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 +(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 -(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F1 -(xpg_echo)144 446.4 Q F0 .681 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.18 F -F1(echo)3.181 E F0 .681(interprets an)3.181 F(y)-.15 E .94 -(options and e)144 458.4 R .94(xpands these escape characters by def) --.15 F(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.94 E F0 .94(does not interpret)3.44 F F1 -3.44 E F0 .94(to mean the)3.44 F(end of options.)144 470.4 Q F1 -(echo)5 E F0(interprets the follo)2.5 E(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1 -(\\a)144 482.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 482.4 Q F1(\\b)144 494.4 Q F0 -(backspace)180 494.4 Q F1(\\c)144 506.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -506.4 Q F1(\\e)144 518.4 Q(\\E)144 530.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 -530.4 Q F1(\\f)144 542.4 Q F0(form feed)180 542.4 Q F1(\\n)144 554.4 Q -F0(ne)180 554.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 566.4 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 566.4 Q F1(\\t)144 578.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -578.4 Q F1(\\v)144 590.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 590.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\\\)144 602.4 Q F0(backslash)180 602.4 Q F1(\\0)144 614.4 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 614.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 -E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 626.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 626.4 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 638.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 650.4 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 662.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 674.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 686.4 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 698.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(67) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F2 +(xpg_echo)144 523.2 Q F1 .681 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.181 +F F2(echo)3.18 E F1 .68(interprets an)3.18 F(y)-.15 E .94(options and e) +144 535.2 R .94(xpands these escape characters by def)-.15 F(ault.)-.1 E +F2(echo)5.94 E F1 .94(does not interpret)3.44 F F23.44 E F1 .94 +(to mean the)3.44 F(end of options.)144 547.2 Q F2(echo)5 E F1 +(interprets the follo)2.5 E(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 +559.2 Q F1(alert \(bell\))180 559.2 Q F2(\\b)144 571.2 Q F1(backspace) +180 571.2 Q F2(\\c)144 583.2 Q F1(suppress further output)180 583.2 Q F2 +(\\e)144 595.2 Q(\\E)144 607.2 Q F1(an escape character)180 607.2 Q F2 +(\\f)144 619.2 Q F1(form feed)180 619.2 Q F2(\\n)144 631.2 Q F1(ne)180 +631.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 643.2 Q F1(carriage return) +180 643.2 Q F2(\\t)144 655.2 Q F1(horizontal tab)180 655.2 Q F2(\\v)144 +667.2 Q F1 -.15(ve)180 667.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\\\)144 679.2 Q F1 +(backslash)180 679.2 Q F2(\\0)144 691.2 Q F0(nnn)A F1 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 691.2 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E +(alue)-.25 E F0(nnn)2.5 E F1(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2 +(\\x)144 703.2 Q F0(HH)A F1(the eight-bit character whose v)180 703.2 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F0(HH)2.5 E F1 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(67)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(enable)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 96 R -.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 -(the same name as a shell b)144 108 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 120 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649 -(abled; otherwise,)144 132 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)3.148 -F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F F1 -(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF --.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b)144 -144 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -.538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F13.038 E F0 -.539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 156 S 1.365 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object)4.045 F -F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F F1(Bash)144 168 Q F0 .52 -(will use the v)3.02 F .52(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.02 G(SH_LO).3 -E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.02 G .52 -(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549 -(directories in which to search for)144 180 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0 -5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .548(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F -(The)5.548 E F13.048 E F0 .548(option will)3.048 F .546 -(delete a b)144 192 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with) --.25 F F13.046 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 -(name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.547(n, or if the).15 F F13.047 E F0 .547(option is)3.047 F .546 -(supplied, a list of shell b)144 204 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F --.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545 -(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 216 R -3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F13.195 E F0 .695 -(is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.695 E F13.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .262 -(list printed includes all b)144 228 R .261 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\u)144 84 Q F0(HHHH)A F1 +1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 96 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F0(HHHH) +4.006 E F1(\(one to four he)180 108 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F2 +(\\U)144 120 Q F0(HHHHHHHH)A F1 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 132 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F0(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 144 Q F1(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F2(enable)108 160.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2A F1 2.5(][)C F2 +(\255dnps)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(\214lename)2.5 E F1 2.5 +(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .278 +(Enable and disable b)144 172.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 +(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278 +(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833(the same name as a shell b)144 +184.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 +(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.334 +(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99(the shell normally searches for b)144 196.8 +R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F23.489 E F1 +.989(is used, each)3.489 F F0(name)3.489 E F1 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648 +(abled; otherwise,)144 208.8 R F0(names)3.148 E F1 .648(are enabled.) +3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F +F2(test)3.148 E F1 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F1(in-)2.899 E .013(stead of the shell b) +144 220.8 R .012(uiltin v)-.2 F .012 +(ersion, run \231enable \255n test\232.)-.15 F(The)5.012 E F22.512 +E F1 .012(option means to load the ne)2.512 F 2.512(wb)-.25 G(uiltin) +-2.712 E(command)144 232.8 Q F0(name)2.907 E F1 .047(from shared object) +2.727 F F0(\214lename)4.458 E F1 2.548(,o).18 G 2.548(ns)-2.548 G .048 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-2.548 F F2(Bash)5.048 E F1(will) +2.548 E .311(use the v)144 244.8 R .311(alue of the)-.25 F F2 -.3(BA) +2.811 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1 +-.25(va)2.811 G .311(riable as a colon-separated list of directories).25 +F .264(in which to search for)144 256.8 R F0(\214lename)2.764 E F1 2.764 +(,i)C(f)-2.764 E F0(\214lename)2.764 E F1 .264 +(does not contain a slash.)2.764 F .265(The def)5.265 F .265 +(ault is system-depen-)-.1 F .83(dent, and may include \231.\232 to for\ +ce a search of the current directory)144 268.8 R 5.829(.T)-.65 G(he) +-5.829 E F23.329 E F1 .829(option will delete a)3.329 F -.2(bu)144 +280.8 S .251(iltin pre).2 F .251(viously loaded with)-.25 F F2 +2.751 E F1 5.251(.I)C 2.751(fn)-5.251 G(o)-2.751 E F0(name)2.751 E F1 +(ar)2.751 E .251(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .251(n, or if the) +.15 F F22.751 E F1 .252(option is supplied,)2.752 F 3.357(al)144 +292.8 S .857(ist of shell b)-3.357 F .857(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4 +(Wi)5.857 G .856(th no other option ar).4 F .856 +(guments, the list consists of all enabled)-.18 F 1.874(shell b)144 +304.8 R 4.374(uiltins. If)-.2 F F24.374 E F1 1.874 +(is supplied, only disabled b)4.374 F 1.874(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)6.875 E F24.375 E F1 1.875(is supplied, the list)4.375 F .016 +(printed includes all b)144 316.8 R .015 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F -(If)5.261 E F12.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268 -(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 240 R F2(special)2.768 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .269 -(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.769 E F0 .285 -(is not a shell b)144 252 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 -(will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284 -(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784 -(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 264 R -F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G -1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E -F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 276 S -(iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G -(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 292.8 T(l).15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 304.8 Q F2(ar)3.171 -E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(If)5.015 E F22.515 E F1 .015(is supplied,)2.515 F .284 +(the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 328.8 R F0(special)2.784 E F1 +-.2(bu)2.784 G 2.784(iltins. If).2 F .284(no options are supplied and a) +2.784 F F0(name)2.784 E F1 .284(is not)2.784 F 2.878(as)144 340.8 S .378 +(hell b)-2.878 F(uiltin,)-.2 E F2(enable)2.878 E F1 .378 +(will attempt to load)2.878 F F0(name)2.878 E F1 .378 +(from a shared object named)2.878 F F0(name)2.878 E F1 2.877(,a)C 2.877 +(si)-2.877 G 2.877(ft)-2.877 G .377(he com-)-2.877 F .705 +(mand were \231enable \255f)144 352.8 R F0 .705(name name)3.205 F F1 +3.205(\232. The)B .705(return v)3.205 F .705(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F +F0(name)3.565 E F1 .706(is not a shell b)3.385 F .706(uiltin or)-.2 F +(there is an error loading a ne)144 364.8 Q 2.5(wb)-.25 G +(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F2 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 381.6 T(l).15 +E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E(The)144 +393.6 Q F0(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F1 3.171(sa)C .671 (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 -(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 316.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 405.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no) --2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 328.8 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 357.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F2 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F1 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no) +-2.979 F F0(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F1(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 417.6 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F2 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F1(returns 0.)2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 434.4 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255cl)A F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 +(name)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(command)-2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(guments) +-.37 E F1(]])A(If)144 446.4 Q F0(command)3.006 E F1 .306 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 369.6 R .176 -(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G -(he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F0(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F1(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 458.4 R .176 +(guments to)-.18 F F0(command)2.676 E F1 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G +(he)-2.676 E F22.676 E F1 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 381.6 R .48(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) -3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F12.98 E F0 -.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 393.6 Q F0 .638 +(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 470.4 R .48(gument passed to) +-.18 F F0(command)3.18 E F1 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F0(lo) +3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F1 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F22.98 E F1 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F0(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 482.4 Q F1 .638 (to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 -(vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 405.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 +(vironment. If)-.4 F F23.138 E F1 .638 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F0(name)3.499 E F1 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 494.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F0(command)3.777 E F1 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 417.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F -.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +.15 F(non-interacti)144 506.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F2(execfail)3.076 E F1 .577 (shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 429.6 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 518.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 441.6 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 --.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 530.4 R F2(exec)2.787 E F1 +-.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F0(command)2.987 E F1 .287 (is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) -2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) -.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 453.6 Q +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 542.4 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 470.4 R .096(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F2(exit)108 559.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1 +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 559.2 R .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F0(n)2.596 E F1 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F0(n)2.955 E F1 .095 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 482.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 -E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -F1(export)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name) --2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 511.2 Q -F0 .256(The supplied)144 523.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 -F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 -(commands. If)144 535.2 R(the)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 .127 -(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1 -144 547.2 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F -.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 -2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 559.2 S -1.447(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 -(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G -1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 571.2 S .741(lue of the v) -.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 571.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +E F1(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E +F2(export)108 588 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F1 2.5(][).833 G F0(name)-2.5 +E F1([=)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(]] .)A 1.666(..)1.666 G F2(export \255p) +108 600 Q F1 .256(The supplied)144 612 R F0(names)3.117 E F1 .257 +(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en) +-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E +2.627(commands. If)144 624 R(the)2.627 E F22.627 E F1 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F0(names)2.987 E +F1 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F0(names)2.987 E +F1 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F2 +144 636 Q F1 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F2 +2.548 E F1 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 648 S 1.447 +(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 +(rom each)-3.947 F F0(name)3.947 E F1 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G +1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F0(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F1 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 660 S .741(lue of the v).25 +F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F0(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F1(.)A F2 +(export)5.741 E F1 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 583.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 672 R F0(names)2.532 E F1 .032 (is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 595.2 Q F1(false)108 612 Q F0 -(Does nothing, returns a non-zero status.)144 612 Q F1(fc)108 628.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1 -(fc \255s)108 640.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 652.8 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -664.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) -.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 -(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 676.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 -F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 -(is used as an of)144 688.8 R .071 -(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a) -5.071 F F2<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F2(last)2.571 E F0 .071 -(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653 -(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 700.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653 -(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F1(fc)3.153 E F0 .653 -(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 712.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242 -(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F -F2(last)2.832 E F0 .242 -(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F -1.563(ing \(so that)144 724.8 R F4 1.563(fc \255l \25510)4.063 F F0 -1.563(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)4.063 F F2<8c72>5.974 E(st) --.1 E F0 4.064(otherwise. If)4.744 F F2<8c72>5.974 E(st)-.1 E F0 1.564 -(is not)4.744 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(68) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F F22.531 E F1 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F0(name)2.891 E F1 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 684 Q F2(false)108 700.8 Q F1 +(Does nothing, returns a non-zero status.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 +768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(68)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 84 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 108 Q -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.522 E F0 .022 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)108 84 Q F1([)2.5 E F2 +A F0(ename)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0 +<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(last)-2.5 E F1(])A F2(fc \255s)108 +96 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(pat)A F1(=)A F0 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(cmd) +-2.5 E F1(])A .431(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 +108 R F0<8c72>4.842 E(st)-.1 E F1(to)3.612 E F0(last)3.022 E F1 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F0 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +.45 G(t).1 E F1(and)3.321 E F0(last)2.731 E F1 .141 +(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) +144 132 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F +2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071(is used as an of) +144 144 R .071(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071 +(When listing, a)5.071 F F0<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F1(or)2.571 E F0(last) +2.571 E F1 .071(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653 +(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 156 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653 +(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F2(fc)3.153 E F1 .653 +(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 168 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242 +(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F +F0(last)2.832 E F1 .242 +(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F +.529(ing \(so that \231fc \255l \25510\232 prints the last 10 commands\ +\) and to)144 180 R F0<8c72>4.939 E(st)-.1 E F1 3.029(otherwise. If) +3.709 F F0<8c72>4.939 E(st)-.1 E F1 .529(is not speci-)3.709 F +(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 192 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 208.8 +Q F22.522 E F1 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E -F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 120 R .438(If the)5.438 -F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +F22.522 E F1 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 220.8 R .438(If the) +5.438 F F22.938 E F1 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335 -(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 -.334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 144 R .63 -(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G -.631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E -(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F -.631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 156 R .006(ariable is set,)-.25 F -F2(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F -(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 168 Q .788(In the second form,)144 192 R F2 -(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 204 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> -2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .171 -(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E -(typing)144 216 Q F4 7.165(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165 -(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 -E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r)3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 228 Q .142 -(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 252 R .142 +.335(the editor gi)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E +F0(ename)3.025 E F1 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 +F(If)5.334 E F0(ename)3.024 E F1 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 244.8 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F1 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F +.631(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F1(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT) +3.131 E F1 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 +256.8 R .006(ariable is set,)-.25 F F0(vi)4.171 E F1 .005(is used.)4.171 +F .005(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e) +5.005 F(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 268.8 Q .788(In the second form,)144 285.6 +R F0(command)3.288 E F1 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F0(pat)3.288 E F1 .788 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F0 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F1(.)A F0(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 297.6 Q F1 .603(is interpreted the same as)3.103 F F0<8c72> +3.103 E(st)-.1 E F1(abo)3.103 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.603(.A).15 G .602 +(useful alias to use with this is \231r="fc \255s"\232, so that)-2.5 F +.443(typing \231r cc\232 runs the last command be)144 309.6 R .443 +(ginning with \231cc\232 and typing \231r\232 re-e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.444(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 321.6 Q .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 338.4 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 264 R -.454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F0<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F1(or)3.322 +E F0(last)2.732 E F1 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 350.4 +R .454(If the)5.454 F F22.954 E F1 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 362.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 300 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 328.8 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F0(cmd)3.836 E F1 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 386.4 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F1(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 403.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(jobspec)A F1(])A(Resume) +144 415.2 Q F0(jobspec)5.654 E F1 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 340.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F0(jobspec)5.653 E F1 +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 427.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F0(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F1 .617 (is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 352.8 Q +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 439.2 Q .363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 364.8 Q -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F0(jobspec)145.74 451.2 Q +F1(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F0(jobspec)4.24 E F1 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F1(getopts)108 381.6 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 393.6 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 405.6 R .149 +F2(getopts)108 468 Q F0(optstring name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E +F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E F2(getopts)144 480 Q F1 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F0 +(optstring)6.023 E F1 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 492 R .149 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 417.6 Q .578 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 504 Q .578 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 429.6 R .636 -(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029 -(tion in the shell v)144 441.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 2.529 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 516 R .636 +(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) +3.136 E F1 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029 +(tion in the shell v)144 528 R(ariable)-.25 E F0(name)2.889 E F1 2.529 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F0(name)2.889 E F1 .029(if it does not e) 2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03 (he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066 -(ment to be processed into the v)144 453.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND) -2.566 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.566 E F0 .065 +(ment to be processed into the v)144 540 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND) +2.566 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.566 E F1 .065 (is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 -(shell script is in)144 465.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When) -.1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts) -3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .567 -(the v)144 477.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 -.566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566 +(shell script is in)144 552 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When).1 +F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F2(getopts)3.385 +E F1 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .567(the v)144 +564 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F1 .566 +(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F1 .566 (automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .389 -(between multiple calls to)144 489.6 R F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 .389 +(between multiple calls to)144 576 R F2(getopts)2.889 E F1 .389 (within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39(cation if a ne).2 F -2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 501.6 Q -2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 525.6 R F1(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 537.6 Q F0 +2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 588 Q +2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 604.8 R F2(getopts) +4.543 E F1 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 616.8 Q F1 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 561.6 Q F0 .485 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F0(name)2.5 E F1 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 633.6 Q F1 .485 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F2(ar)3.315 E -(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 573.6 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E -F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 597.6 Q F0 .345 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F0(ar)3.315 E +(g)-.37 E F1 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 645.6 Q F2(getopts)2.5 E +F1(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 662.4 Q F1 .345 (can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F -.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F2(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 -(is a colon,)3.065 F F2(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668 -(porting is used.)144 609.6 R 1.668 +.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F0(optstring)3.075 E F1 .345 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F0(silent)3.185 E F1 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668 +(porting is used.)144 674.4 R 1.668 (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 -621.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F -(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 -(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 633.6 Q +686.4 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F1 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 698.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 657.6 R --.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 -(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .667 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 -669.6 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E -F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 -(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 681.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 -705.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742 -(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144.36 -717.6 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.714 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F1 -(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 729.6 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 -(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(69)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F0(optstring)2.73 E F1(is not a colon.)2.72 E(If)144 715.2 Q F2(getopts) +2.672 E F1 .172(detects an in)2.672 F -.25(va)-.4 G .173 +(lid option, it places ? into).25 F F0(name)3.033 E F1 .173 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)2.853 F 1.148(and unsets) +144 727.2 R F3(OPT)3.647 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F1(If)5.647 E F2(getopts) +3.647 E F1 1.147(is silent, it assigns the option character found to) +3.647 F F3(OPT)3.647 E(ARG)-.81 E F1(and)3.397 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(69)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(getopts)144 84 Q F0 .902 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(does not print a diagnostic message.)144 84 Q .602 +(If a required ar)144 100.8 R .602(gument is not found, and)-.18 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.102 E F1 .602(is not silent, it sets the v) +3.102 F .602(alue of)-.25 F F0(name)3.102 E F1 .602(to a ques-)3.102 F +1.056(tion mark \()144 112.8 R F2(?).833 E F1 1.056(\), unsets).833 F/F3 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT)3.556 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 +1.056(and prints a diagnostic message.)3.306 F(If)6.056 E F2(getopts) +3.556 E F1 1.055(is silent, it sets the)3.556 F -.25(va)144 124.8 S +(lue of).25 E F0(name)2.5 E F1(to a colon \()2.5 E F2(:).833 E F1 2.5 +(\)a).833 G(nd sets)-2.5 E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F1 +(to the option character found.)2.25 E F2(getopts)144 141.6 Q F1 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) 3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 96 Q F1(hash)108 112.8 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) --2.5 E F0(])A .858(Each time)144 124.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in) -3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858 -(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name)3.718 E F0 .858 -(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956(the directories in)144 136.8 R -F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An) -5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 148.8 -R F12.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .276 -(of the command.)144 160.8 R(The)5.276 E F12.776 E F0 .276 -(option causes the shell to for)2.776 F .276 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F .276(Assigning to)5.276 F(the)144 -172.8 Q F1 -.74(PA)3.245 G(TH)-.21 E F0 -.25(va)3.245 G .745 -(riable also clears all hashed \214lenames.).25 F(The)5.745 E F1 -3.245 E F0 .745(option causes the shell to for)3.245 F .745(get the)-.18 -F .526(remembered location of each)144 184.8 R F2(name)3.027 E F0 5.527 -(.I)C 3.027(ft)-5.527 G(he)-3.027 E F13.027 E F0 .527 -(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)3.027 F F2(name)144 -196.8 Q F0 .073(corresponds is printed.)2.573 F .073(If multiple)5.073 F -F2(name)2.573 E F0(ar)2.573 E .073(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F1 -2.572 E F0 2.572(,t)C(he)-2.572 E F2(name)2.572 E F0 .072 -(is printed)2.572 F .135(before the hashed full pathname.)144 208.8 R -(The)5.135 E F12.635 E F0 .135 -(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.635 F .3 -(be reused as input.)144 220.8 R .3(If no ar)5.3 F .3(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .3(n, or if only).15 F F12.8 E F0 .3 -(is supplied, information about remem-)2.8 F .465 -(bered commands is printed.)144 232.8 R .465 -(The return status is true unless a)5.465 F F2(name)3.326 E F0 .466 -(is not found or an in)3.146 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466(lid op-).25 F -(tion is supplied.)144 244.8 Q F1(help)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867 -(Display helpful information about b)144 273.6 R .867(uiltin commands.) --.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1 -(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 -E .223(help on all commands matching)144 285.6 R F2(pattern)3.973 E F0 +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 153.6 Q F2(hash)108 +170.4 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(\214lename) +2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1(])A +.858(Each time)144 182.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F1 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F0(name) +3.718 E F1 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 +(the directories in)144 194.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1 +.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .342(If the)144 206.4 +R F22.842 E F1 .342(option is supplied,)2.842 F F2(hash)2.842 E F1 +(uses)2.842 E F0(\214lename)4.752 E F1 .342 +(as the full \214lename of the command.)3.022 F(The)5.341 E F2 +2.841 E F1(op-)2.841 E 1.495(tion causes the shell to for)144 218.4 R +1.496(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F 1.496(Assigning to the)6.496 +F F2 -.74(PA)3.996 G(TH)-.21 E F1 -.25(va)3.996 G 1.496(riable also).25 +F .685(clears all hashed \214lenames.)144 230.4 R(The)5.685 E F2 +3.185 E F1 .685(option causes the shell to for)3.185 F .684 +(get the remembered location of)-.18 F(each)144 242.4 Q F0(name)3.894 E +F1 6.394(.I)C 3.894(ft)-6.394 G(he)-3.894 E F23.894 E F1 1.394 +(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)3.894 F F0(name) +3.895 E F1 1.395(corresponds is)3.895 F 3.314(printed. If)144 254.4 R +(multiple)3.314 E F0(name)3.314 E F1(ar)3.314 E .814 +(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F23.314 E F1 3.314(,t)C(he) +-3.314 E F0(name)3.314 E F1 .814(is printed before the hashed)3.314 F +.575(full pathname.)144 266.4 R(The)5.575 E F23.075 E F1 .575(opt\ +ion causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as in-) +3.075 F 3.988(put. If)144 278.4 R 1.488(no ar)3.988 F 1.488 +(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.488(n, or if only).15 F F2 +3.988 E F1 1.488(is supplied, information about remembered com-)3.988 F +.012(mands is printed.)144 290.4 R(The)5.012 E F22.512 E F1(,)A F2 +2.513 E F1 2.513(,a)C(nd)-2.513 E F22.513 E F1 .013 +(options \(the options that act on the)2.513 F F0(name)2.513 E F1(ar) +2.513 E .013(guments\) are mu-)-.18 F .208(tually e)144 302.4 R(xclusi) +-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.207(.O).15 G .207(nly one will be acti)-5.207 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 5.207(.I).15 G 2.707(fm)-5.207 G .207 +(ore than one is supplied,)-2.707 F F22.707 E F1 .207 +(has higher priority than)2.707 F F2144 314.4 Q F1 2.608(,a)C .108 +(nd both are higher priority than)-2.608 F F22.608 E F1 5.108(.T)C +.108(he return status is true unless a)-5.108 F F0(name)2.968 E F1 .108 +(is not found or an)2.788 F(in)144 326.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid option is supplied.).25 E F2(help)108 343.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2 +(\255dms)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(pattern)-2.5 E F1(])A .867 +(Display helpful information about b)144 355.2 R .867(uiltin commands.) +-.2 F(If)5.867 E F0(pattern)4.617 E F1 .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F2 +(help)3.366 E F1(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 +E .223(help on all commands matching)144 367.2 R F0(pattern)3.973 E F1 2.723(;o).24 G .223(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 297.6 Q F1 -144 309.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 309.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1144 321.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 321.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1144 333.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 333.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 350.4 Q F2 -(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 367.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 379.2 Q(history \255d)108 391.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F1(history \255d)108 403.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0(-)A F2(end)A F1 -(history \255anrw)108 415.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 -(history \255p)108 427.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 439.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -451.2 S .752 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 379.2 Q F2 +144 391.2 Q F1(Display a short description of each)180 391.2 Q F0 +(pattern)2.5 E F2144 403.2 Q F1(Display the description of each) +180 403.2 Q F0(pattern)2.5 E F1(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F2144 415.2 Q F1 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 415.2 Q F0(pattern)2.5 +E F1(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 432 Q F0 +(pattern)3.75 E F1(.).24 E F2(history [)108 448.8 Q F0(n)A F2(])A +(history \255c)108 460.8 Q(history \255d)108 472.8 Q F0(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F2(history \255d)108 484.8 Q F0(start)2.5 E F1(-)A F0(end)A F2 +(history \255anrw)108 496.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(\214lename)A F1(])A F2 +(history \255p)108 508.8 Q F0(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g) +-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E F2(history \255s)108 520.8 Q F0(ar) +2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E +-.4(Wi)144 532.8 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 463.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 475.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 487.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G -3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F2(*)3.251 E F1(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 544.8 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F0(n)3.24 E F1 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F0(n)3.24 E F1 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) +2.881 E(MA)144 556.8 Q(T)-.855 E F1 .239 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.489 F F0 +(strftime)3.078 E F1 .238(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-).18 F +1.019(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 568.8 R 6.019(.N)-.65 +G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 499.2 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) -2.676 E F0 .176 +(time stamp and the history line.)144 580.8 R(If)5.176 E F0(\214lename) +2.676 E F1 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -.251(not, the v)144 511.2 R .251(alue of)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)2.751 E F0 -.251(is used.)2.501 F(If)5.251 E F2(\214lename)2.751 E F0 .251 -(is not supplied and)2.751 F F3(HISTFILE)2.751 E F0 .251 -(is unset or null, the)2.501 F F1(\255a, \255n, \255r)144 523.2 Q(,)-.92 -E F0(and)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5 +.251(not, the v)144 592.8 R .251(alue of)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)2.751 E F1 +.251(is used.)2.501 F(If)5.251 E F0(\214lename)2.751 E F1 .251 +(is not supplied and)2.751 F F3(HISTFILE)2.751 E F1 .251 +(is unset or null, the)2.501 F F2(\255a, \255n, \255r)144 604.8 Q(,)-.92 +E F1(and)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5 (oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. Options,).25 F(if supplied, ha)2.5 E -.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 -535.2 Q F0(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 535.2 -Q F1144 547.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 559.2 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) --.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 +616.8 Q F1(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 616.8 +Q F2144 628.8 Q F0(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 640.8 R F0(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F1 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F0(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .389(is ne) 2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) -2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 -571.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 583.2 Q 2.5(,a) +652.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 664.8 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G -(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -144 595.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F0 1.25 -(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 607.2 R F2 -(start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F2(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F2(history \255d)2.5 E F1(command.)2.5 E F2 +144 676.8 Q F0(start)2.5 E F1A F0(end)A F1 1.25 +(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 688.8 R F0 +(start)3.75 E F1(and)3.75 E F0(end)3.75 E F1 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 -619.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2 -(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 -(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -144 631.2 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 631.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 -('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 643.2 Q -(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 655.2 -Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 655.2 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 667.2 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 679.2 Q F1144 691.2 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 691.2 Q F1 -144 703.2 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 703.2 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 715.2 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 715.2 R(wing)-.25 E F2 -(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) -3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 727.2 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) -2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F(GNU Bash 5.3) -72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(70)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +700.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F0 +(start)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F0(end)2.5 E F1 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(70)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(normal history e) -180 84 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F1 .775 +(Append the \231ne)180 84 R .776 +(w\232 history lines to the history \214le.)-.25 F .776 +(These are history lines entered since)5.776 F(the be)180 96 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F2144 108 Q +F1 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ + into the current history list.)180 108 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 120 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F2(bash)3.273 E F1(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 132 Q F2144 144 Q F1(Read the contents of the history \ +\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 144 Q F2 +144 156 Q F1(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 +156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F2144 168 Q F1 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 168 R(wing)-.25 E F0(ar) +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F1 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +2.975(output. Does)180 180 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F0(ar) +2.975 E(g)-.37 E F1 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2144 204 Q F1 .363 +(Store the)180 204 R F0(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F1 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 108 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 124.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F0(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F1 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 232.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F1 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 136.8 R .669 +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 244.8 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 148.8 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 256.8 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 160.8 R .833 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 268.8 R .833 (wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F -.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 172.8 S .168(lid option\ +.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 280.8 S .168(lid option\ is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ -\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set) -144 184.8 Q F0 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341 -(gument to)-.18 F F12.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34 +\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F0(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set) +144 292.8 Q F1 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341 +(gument to)-.18 F F22.841 E F1 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34 (he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34 -(gument to)-.18 F F1144 196.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs) -108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ]) -2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 225.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E -(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 237.6 Q .3 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 249.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 249.6 Q F1 -144 261.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 261.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 273.6 Q F1 -144 285.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 285.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 297.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 297.6 Q F1144 309.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 309.6 Q(If)144 326.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 -E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(gument to)-.18 F F2144 304.8 Q F1 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(jobs) +108 321.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255lnprs)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(jobspec)A F1 -3.332 +1.666(... ])2.5 H F2(jobs \255x)108 333.6 Q F0(command)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +F0(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F1 -3.332 1.666(... ])2.5 H +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 345.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 357.6 Q F1 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 357.6 Q F2 +144 369.6 Q F1 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 369.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 381.6 Q F2 +144 393.6 Q F1(List only the process ID of the job')180 393.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 405.6 Q F1 +(Display only running jobs.)180 405.6 Q F2144 417.6 Q F1 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 417.6 Q(If)144 434.4 Q F0(jobspec)4.554 +E F1 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 338.4 Q -.25 +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 446.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 355.2 R F1 -2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 367.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) -2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 -E F1(kill)108 384 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 -2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 396 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 -E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by) -144 408 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017 -(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2 -(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.827 E .318 -(either a case-insensiti)144 420 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 432 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0 -.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) -3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 -(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 444 R -F12.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 +E F0(jobspec)4.24 E F1(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 463.2 R F2 +2.894 E F1 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F1 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F0(jobspec)4.634 E F1 .394(found in) +3.204 F F0(command)3.094 E F1(or)3.664 E F0(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F1 .395 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 475.2 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F0(command)2.7 E F1(passing it)3.27 E F0(ar) +2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F1 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 +E F2(kill)108 492 Q F1([)2.5 E F2A F0(sigspec)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 +2.5 E F0(signum)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F0(sigspec)A F1 2.5 +(][)C F0(pid)-2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F0(jobspec)2.5 E F1 2.5(].)C 1.666(..) +-.834 G F2(kill \255l)108 504 Q F1(|)A F2A F1([)2.5 E F0(sigspec)A +F1(|)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F1(])A .017 +(Send the signal named by)144 516 R F0(sigspec)2.857 E F1(or)2.827 E F0 +(signum)2.857 E F1 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F0(pid)3.767 E +F1(or)3.287 E F0(jobspec)4.257 E F1(.).31 E F0(sigspec)5.357 E F1(is) +2.827 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 528 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.318(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F1 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F1 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 540 Q F0(signum)3.268 E F1 +.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F0(sigspec) +3.267 E F1 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F1 .427 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 552 R +F22.813 E F1 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F -F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 456 R +F22.814 E F1 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 564 R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) -144 468 R F13.299 E F0 .799 +F0 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F1(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) +144 576 R F23.299 E F1 .799 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 480 R -(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 588 R +(The)5.962 E F23.462 E F1 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .962(lent to).25 F F23.462 E F1(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F1 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 492 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 508.8 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -520.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 -(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 532.8 Q F2(ar) -2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 549.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 561.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar) --2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 -(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E -F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F -(an)144 573.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 -(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 -(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -585.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H -.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 597.6 R F1 -(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 -(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.282(ing the)144 609.6 R F1(set) -3.782 E F0 -.2(bu)3.782 G 1.281 -(iltin inside the function after the call to).2 F F1(local)3.781 E F0 +(successfully sent, or f)144 600 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 616.8 Q F0 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(]) +-1.666 E(Each)144 628.8 Q F0(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F1 .196 +(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855 +(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F1(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F +(the last)144 640.8 Q F0(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F1 -.25(eva)2.72 G +(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F1(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) +2.5 E F2(local)108 657.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(option)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name) +-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(value)A F1 2.5(].)C -3.332 1.666(.. | \255 ])-.834 H +-.15(Fo)144 669.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar)-2.542 F .042 +(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F0(name)2.902 E F1 +.042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F0(value)2.832 E F1 5.042(.T).18 G +(he)-5.042 E F0(option)2.542 E F1 .041(can be)2.541 F(an)144 681.6 Q +3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F +F2(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F1 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E +F1 .653(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able)144 693.6 Q F0(name)3.282 E F1 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15 +(ve a v)-.2 H .422 +(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If) +5.421 E F0(name)2.921 E F1 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 705.6 R F2 +(local)3.01 E F1 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.282(ing the)144 717.6 R F2(set) +3.782 E F1 -.2(bu)3.782 G 1.281 +(iltin inside the function after the call to).2 F F2(local)3.781 E F1 1.281(are restored to their original v)3.781 F(alues)-.25 E .277 -(when the function returns.)144 621.6 R .277(The restore is ef)5.277 F -.278(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)2.778 E F0 .278 -(commands were e)2.778 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .278(cuted to).15 F .69 -(restore the v)144 633.6 R .69 -(alues that were in place before the function.)-.25 F -.4(Wi)5.69 G .69 -(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.19 E F0 .69(writes a list of)3.19 F -.566(local v)144 645.6 R .566(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F -.566(It is an error to use)5.566 F F1(local)3.066 E F0 .566 -(when not within a function.)3.066 F(The)5.567 E .426 -(return status is 0 unless)144 657.6 R F1(local)2.926 E F0 .425 -(is used outside a function, an in)2.925 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2 -(name)3.285 E F0 .425(is supplied, or)3.105 F F2(name)2.925 E F0 .425 -(is a)2.925 F(readonly v)144 669.6 Q(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 686.4 -Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 686.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 703.2 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) -C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(71)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(when the function returns.)144 729.6 R .277(The restore is ef)5.277 F +.278(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F2(set)2.778 E F1 .278 +(commands were e)2.778 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .278(cuted to).15 F +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.18(re)108 84 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) -C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 96 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr) -2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 108 R -F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F -(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249 -(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C -1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 132 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 132 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .69(restore the v)144 84 R .69 +(alues that were in place before the function.)-.25 F -.4(Wi)5.69 G .69 +(th no operands,).4 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)3.19 E F1 .69 +(writes a list of)3.19 F .566(local v)144 96 R .566 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F .566(It is an error to use) +5.566 F F2(local)3.066 E F1 .566(when not within a function.)3.066 F +(The)5.567 E .426(return status is 0 unless)144 108 R F2(local)2.926 E +F1 .425(is used outside a function, an in)2.925 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 +E F0(name)3.285 E F1 .425(is supplied, or)3.105 F F0(name)2.925 E F1 +.425(is a)2.925 F(readonly v)144 120 Q(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout)108 +136.8 Q F1(Exit a login shell.)144 136.8 Q F2(map\214le)108 153.6 Q F1 +([)2.5 E F2A F0(delim)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(count) +2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(origin)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F0(count)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F0(fd)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E +F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(quantum)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(arr)-2.5 E +(ay)-.15 E F1(])A F2 -.18(re)108 165.6 S(adarray).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2 +A F0(delim)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(count)2.5 E F1 2.5 +(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(origin)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 +(count)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 +(fd)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F1 2.5(][) +C F2-2.5 E F0(quantum)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F1 +(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 177.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F0 +(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F1 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F0(fd)4.629 E F1 1.249(if the)144 189.6 +R F23.749 E F1 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F1 1.249 +(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F0(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F1 6.248(.O)C +1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 201.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 213.6 Q F1 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 213.6 R F0(delim)3.41 E F1 .911 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 144 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 156 Q F0(Cop)180 156 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm) --2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E -F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0(Be)180 168 Q -(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) --.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5 -(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 180 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 180 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -144 192 Q F0(Remo)180 192 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2 -(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.) --.25 E F1144 204 Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 204 Q -F2(fd)2.5 E F0(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 216 Q F0 -(Ev)180 216 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E -F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1144 228 Q -F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 228 Q F2 -(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 244.8 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 -(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 -(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 -(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 256.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +(wline. If)-.25 F F0(delim)180 225.6 Q F1(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 +(map\214le)2.5 E F1(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 237.6 Q F1(Cop)180 237.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F0(count)2.7 E F1 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F0(count) +2.5 E F1(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2144 249.6 Q F1(Be)180 +249.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F0(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F1(at inde)2.82 +E(x)-.15 E F0(origin)2.73 E F1 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E +2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2144 261.6 Q F1 +(Discard the \214rst)180 261.6 Q F0(count)2.5 E F1(lines read.)2.5 E F2 +144 273.6 Q F1(Remo)180 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +E F0(delim)2.5 E F1(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F2144 285.6 Q F1 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 285.6 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2144 297.6 Q F1(Ev)180 +297.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F0(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F1(each time)3.17 E F0 +(quantum)2.5 E F1(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F22.5 E F1 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F0(quantum)2.75 E F1(.).32 E F2144 309.6 +Q F1(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 309.6 Q +F0(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F1(.).67 E(If)144 326.4 Q F22.968 E F1 +.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F22.967 E F1 2.967(,t)C .467 +(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F0 +(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F1 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 338.4 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 268.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(as additional ar)144 350.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F0(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +F1 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 280.8 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 297.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 314.4 Q F0 .797 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 362.4 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 379.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 +(map\214le)2.5 E F1(will clear)2.5 E F0(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F1 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 396 Q F1 .797 (returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 -(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 326.4 S -(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F0(arr) +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F1 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 408 S +(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F0(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F1 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 343.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 355.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092 +F2(popd)108 424.8 Q F1<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F0(n)A F1 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A(Remo)144 436.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092 (se).15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591 (The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .664 -(directory listed by)144 367.2 R F1(dirs)3.164 E F0 5.664(.W)C .664 -(ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 +(directory listed by)144 448.8 R F2(dirs)3.164 E F1 5.664(.W)C .664 +(ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(popd)3.165 E F1(remo)3.165 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .665(he top directory from the stack, and) --3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 379.2 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E +-3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 460.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E 5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 391.2 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 391.2 R .551 +H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 472.8 Q F1 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 472.8 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 403.2 Q F1(+)144 415.2 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)180 415.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E -F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .78 -(from the stack.)180 427.2 R -.15(Fo)5.78 G 3.28(re).15 G(xample:)-3.43 -E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 .779 -(popd +1)3.279 F F0 .779(the sec-)3.279 F(ond.)180 439.2 Q F1144 -451.2 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he) --3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 -463.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .094 +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 484.8 Q F2(+)144 496.8 Q F0(n)A +F1(Remo)180 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F0(n)2.64 E +F1 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 +F F2(dirs)2.64 E F1 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .777 +(from the stack.)180 508.8 R -.15(Fo)5.777 G 3.277(re).15 G .777 +(xample: \231popd +0\232 remo)-3.427 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.276(st).15 G +.776(he \214rst directory)-3.276 F 3.276<2c99>-.65 G .776 +(popd +1\232 the sec-)-3.276 F(ond.)180 520.8 Q F2144 532.8 Q F0(n)A +F1(Remo)180 532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F0(n)3.759 +E F1 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26 +(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)3.76 E F1 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 544.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample: \231popd \2550\232 remo)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E 2.5<2c99>-.65 G +(popd \2551\232 the ne)-2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E 1.058 (If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144 -480 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .093(option w)2.593 F .093(as not supplied,)-.1 F -F1(popd)2.593 E F0(uses)2.593 E(the)144 492 Q F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.696 G .196(iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.) -.2 F .196(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1 -(popd)2.697 E F0 .197(returns a non-)2.697 F(zero v)144 504 Q(alue.)-.25 -E(Otherwise,)144 520.8 Q F1(popd)2.671 E F0 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171 +561.6 R F03.557 E F1 1.057(option w)3.557 F 1.057 +(as not supplied,)-.1 F F2(popd)3.557 E F1 .249(uses the)144 573.6 R F2 +(cd)2.749 E F1 -.2(bu)2.749 G .249 +(iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .249 +(If the)5.249 F F2(cd)2.749 E F1 -.1(fa)2.749 G(ils,).1 E F2(popd)2.749 +E F1 .25(returns a)2.749 F(non-zero v)144 585.6 Q(alue.)-.25 E +(Otherwise,)144 602.4 Q F2(popd)2.671 E F1 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171 (alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171 (lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.67(,o) --.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 532.8 Q +-.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 614.4 Q (xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.555(If the)144 -549.6 R F1(popd)4.055 E F0 1.555(command is successful, bash runs)4.055 -F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.056(wt)-.25 G 1.556 +631.2 R F2(popd)4.055 E F1 1.555(command is successful, bash runs)4.055 +F F2(dirs)4.056 E F1 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.056(wt)-.25 G 1.556 (he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.056 F -(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 561.6 Q F1(printf)108 578.4 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar) -A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 590.4 R F2(ar)2.858 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 .358 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F2(format)2.857 -E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F12.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714 -(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 602.4 R(ariable)-.25 -E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 -F(output.)144 614.4 Q(The)144 638.4 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\ -aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ - which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ -ape sequences, which are con)144 650.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 -(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 662.4 R .036 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 674.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.027(.I)C 2.527(na)-5.027 G .027(ddition to the standard)-2.527 F F2 -(printf)2.527 E F0 .027(\(3\) format characters)B F1(csndiouxXeEfFgGaA) -2.528 E F0(,)A F1(printf)2.528 E F0(in-)2.528 E(terprets the follo)144 -686.4 Q(wing additional format speci\214ers:)-.25 E F1(%b)144 698.4 Q F0 -(causes)180 698.4 Q F1(printf)2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 -(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 710.4 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31) -142.895 E(72)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 643.2 Q F2(printf)108 660 Q F1 +([)2.5 E F2A F0(var)2.5 E F1(])A F0(format)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar) +A(guments)-.37 E F1(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 672 R F0(ar)2.858 E +(guments)-.37 E F1 .358(to the standard output under the control of the) +2.858 F F0(format)2.857 E F1 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F22.857 E F1 +(op-)2.857 E .714(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 684 +R(ariable)-.25 E F0(var)3.214 E F1 .714 +(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 F(output.)144 696 Q +(The)144 712.8 Q F0(format)3.018 E F1 .517(is a character string which \ +contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are)3.018 F +.704(simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, whic\ +h are con)144 724.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704(rted and copied to).15 F +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(72)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(%q)144 84 Q F0(causes)180 84 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01 -(to output the corresponding)2.51 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.51 E -(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 96 Q F1(%q)5.544 E F0(and)3.044 E F1(%Q)3.044 E F0 .544 -(use the)3.044 F F1<240808>3.044 E F0 .544(quoting style if an)3.044 F +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .036(the standard output, and format speci\214cati\ +ons, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 84 R .036(xt successi) +-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F0(ar)144 96 Q(gument)-.37 E F1 6.07(.I)C 3.57(na) +-6.07 G 1.07(ddition to the standard)-3.57 F F0(printf)4.82 E F1 1.07 +(\(3\) format characters)1.96 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(csndiouxXeEfFgGaA) +3.57 E F1(,)A F2(printf)3.57 E F1(interprets the follo)144 108 Q +(wing additional format speci\214ers:)-.25 E F2(%b)144 120 Q F1(causes) +180 120 Q F2(printf)2.596 E F1 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 +(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F0(ar) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F1 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 132 Q(ay as)-.1 +E F2(echo \255e)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(%q)144 144 Q F1(causes)180 144 Q F2 +(printf)2.51 E F1 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F0(ar)2.51 E +(gument)-.37 E F1 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F +(input.)180 156 Q F2(%q)5.544 E F1(and)3.044 E F2(%Q)3.044 E F1 .544 +(use the)3.044 F F2<240808>3.044 E F1 .544(quoting style if an)3.044 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G .543(haracters in the ar)-3.044 F .543 (gument string re-)-.18 F 1.285 -(quire it, and backslash quoting otherwise.)180 108 R 1.286 -(If the format string uses the)6.285 F F2(printf)3.786 E F0(alternate) -3.786 E(form, these tw)180 120 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G(ormats quote the ar)-2.5 E -(gument string using single quotes.)-.18 E F1(%Q)144 132 Q F0(lik)180 -132 Q(e)-.1 E F1(%q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0 -(before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 144 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 -(causes)180 156 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 168 R F2 -(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) -2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 +(quire it, and backslash quoting otherwise.)180 168 R 1.286 +(If the format string uses the)6.285 F F0(printf)3.786 E F1(alternate) +3.786 E(form, these tw)180 180 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G(ormats quote the ar)-2.5 E +(gument string using single quotes.)-.18 E F2(%Q)144 192 Q F1(lik)180 +192 Q(e)-.1 E F2(%q)2.5 E F1 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F1 +(before quoting it.)2.5 E F2(%\()144 204 Q F0(datefmt)A F2(\)T)A F1 +(causes)180 216 Q F2(printf)4.404 E F1 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F0(datefmt) +4.404 E F1 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .333(string for)180 228 R F0 +(strftime)3.173 E F1 2.833(\(3\). The).18 F(corresponding)2.833 E F0(ar) +2.834 E(gument)-.37 E F1 .334(is an inte)2.834 F .334 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -180 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +240 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 192 R .693 +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 252 R .693 (as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar)3.194 -F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 204 R -.15(ve)-.4 G +F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 264 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71 <66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71 -(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1 -(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 216 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .946(The %b, %q, a\ +(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F F2 +(printf)2.71 E F1(beha)180 276 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .946(The %b, %q, a\ nd %T format speci\214ers all use the \214eld width and precision ar)144 -232.8 R .946(guments from the)-.18 F .339 -(format speci\214cation and write that man)144 244.8 R 2.838(yb)-.15 G +292.8 R .946(guments from the)-.18 F .339 +(format speci\214cation and write that man)144 304.8 R 2.838(yb)-.15 G .338(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.838 F .338 (xpanded ar)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (gument, which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 -256.8 Q(The %n format speci\214er accepts a corresponding ar)144 273.6 Q +316.8 Q(The %n format speci\214er accepts a corresponding ar)144 333.6 Q (gument that is treated as a shell v)-.18 E(ariable name.)-.25 E .393 (The %s and %c format speci\214ers accept an l \(long\) modi\214er)144 -290.4 R 2.894(,w)-.4 G .394(hich forces them to con)-2.894 F -.15(ve)-.4 +350.4 R 2.894(,w)-.4 G .394(hich forces them to con)-2.894 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .394(rt the ar).15 F(-)-.2 E .321 -(gument string to a wide-character string and apply an)144 302.4 R 2.821 +(gument string to a wide-character string and apply an)144 362.4 R 2.821 (ys)-.15 G .32(upplied \214eld width and precision in terms)-2.821 F -(of characters, not bytes.)144 314.4 Q(Ar)144 331.2 Q .463(guments to n\ +(of characters, not bytes.)144 374.4 Q(Ar)144 391.2 Q .463(guments to n\ on-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 343.2 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 403.2 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 355.2 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 372 Q F2(format)2.514 E F0 -.015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F2(ar)2.515 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F2(format) -2.515 E F0 .015(requires more)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 -384 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 415.2 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 432 Q F0(format)2.514 E F1 +.015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F0(ar)2.515 E +(guments)-.37 E F1 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F0(format) +2.515 E F1 .015(requires more)2.515 F F0(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 +444 Q F1 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) .15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,) --.25 F .541(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 396 R .541 +-.25 F .541(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 456 R .541 (The return v)5.541 F .541(alue is zero on success, non-zero if an in) -.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .542(lid op-).25 F -(tion is supplied or a write or assignment error occurs.)144 408 Q F1 -(pushd)108 424.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 436.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the to\ -p of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 448.8 +(tion is supplied or a write or assignment error occurs.)144 468 Q F2 +(pushd)108 484.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2A F1 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F0(n)A F1 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A F2(pushd)108 496.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2 +A F1 2.5(][)C F0(dir)-2.5 E F1(])A .64(Adds a directory to the to\ +p of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 508.8 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 -460.8 R .088(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar) --5.488 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089 +520.8 R .088(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar) +-5.488 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.589 E F1 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089 (changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F -(the directory stack.)144 472.8 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E -.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 -484.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\ -g or adding directories to the)180 484.8 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 496.8 Q F1(+)144 -508.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 508.8 R F2(n) -3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 520.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 532.8 Q F2(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 532.8 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(the directory stack.)144 532.8 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E +.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 +544.8 Q F1 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\ +g or adding directories to the)180 544.8 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 556.8 Q F2(+)144 +568.8 Q F0(n)A F1 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 568.8 R F0(n) +3.767 E F1 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.268(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 580.8 Q F1 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2144 592.8 Q F0(n)A F1 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 592.8 R F0(n)3.42 E F1 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 544.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 556.8 Q F0(Adds)180 556.8 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 +F F2(dirs)180 604.8 Q F1 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F0(dir)144.35 616.8 Q F1(Adds)180 616.8 Q F0(dir)2.85 E F1 (to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .434 -(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 573.6 R F12.934 E -F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.935 E F0 -.435(uses the)2.935 F F1(cd)2.935 E F0 -.2(bu)2.935 G .435(iltin to).2 F -(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 585.6 Q(If the)5 E -F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 +(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 633.6 R F22.934 E +F1 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F F2(pushd)2.935 E F1 +.435(uses the)2.935 F F2(cd)2.935 E F1 -.2(bu)2.935 G .435(iltin to).2 F +(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 645.6 Q(If the)5 E +F2(cd)2.5 E F1 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F2(pushd)2.5 E F1 (returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144 -602.4 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 +662.4 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F2(pushd)4.28 E F1 1.78 (returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .092 -(When rotating the directory stack,)144 614.4 R F1(pushd)2.592 E F0 .093 +(When rotating the directory stack,)144 674.4 R F2(pushd)2.592 E F1 .093 (returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.592 F(x-) --.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 626.4 Q 1.278 -(If the)144 643.2 R F1(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278 -(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277 +-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 686.4 Q 1.278 +(If the)144 703.2 R F2(pushd)3.778 E F1 1.278 +(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F2(dirs)3.778 E F1 1.277 (to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277 -(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 655.2 Q F1 -(pwd)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 684 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -696 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 -(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) -2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263(enabled. If) -144 708 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 720 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(73) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 715.2 Q +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(73)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(option is supplied.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)108 100.8 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.424 E F1(\255Eers)A F0 3.424(][)C F1-3.424 E/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.424 E F0 3.424(][)C F1-3.424 E F2 -(delim)3.424 E F0 3.424(][)C F1-3.424 E F2(te)3.424 E(xt)-.2 E F0 -3.424(][)C F1-3.424 E F2(nc)3.424 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.424 -(][)C F1-3.424 E F2(nc)3.424 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.424(][)C F1 --3.424 E F2(pr)3.424 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.424(][)C F1-3.424 E -F2(timeout)3.424 E F0 3.425(][)C F1-3.425 E F2(fd)3.425 E F0(])A -([)108 112.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ -tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 124.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 136.8 Q -F12.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435 -(ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w) --2.935 F .436(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 148.8 R F2 -(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 -(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376 -(nd so on.)-2.876 F .375(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236 -(than names, the remaining w)144 160.8 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 -F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.097 E -F0 5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 172.8 R .875(wer w) --.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ -ames are assigned)-.1 F .517(empty v)144 184.8 R 3.017(alues. The)-.25 F -.517(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518 -(are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518 -(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 196.8 R -.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 --.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 -(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488 -(be used to remo)144 208.8 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 84 Q F1([)2.5 E F2 +(\255LP)A F1(])A .844(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 +96 R .845(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +108 R F22.681 E F1 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181 +(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F1 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2(set) +2.681 E F1 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263(enabled. If) +144 120 R(the)3.263 E F23.263 E F1 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 132 R -.25(va) +-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 144 Q F2 -.18(re)108 +160.8 S(ad).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255Eers)A F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 +(aname)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(delim)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F0(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(nc)2.5 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s) +-.1 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F0(timeout)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(fd)2.5 E F1 +(])A([)108 172.8 Q F0(name)A F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .516(One lin\ +e is read from the standard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 +184.8 R F0(fd)3.016 E F1 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to) +-.18 F(the)144 196.8 Q F22.936 E F1 .436(option, split into w) +2.936 F .435(ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 +E F2 -.75(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F1 2.935(,a)C .435 +(nd the \214rst w)-2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375 +(signed to the \214rst)144 208.8 R F0(name)3.235 E F1 2.876(,t).18 G +.376(he second w)-2.876 F .376(ord to the second)-.1 F F0(name)3.236 E +F1 2.876(,a).18 G .376(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 +F(ords)-.1 E .237(than names, the remaining w)144 220.8 R .237 +(ords and their interv)-.1 F .237 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F0(name)3.096 E F1 +5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 232.8 R .874(wer w)-.25 +F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ +are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 244.8 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F .518 +(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F1 .518 +(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517 +(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 256.8 R +.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +-.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F1 2.526(\). The)B .026 +(backslash character \()2.526 F F2(\\)A F1 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 +(be used to remo)144 268.8 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H .488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 -(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E -(tions, if supplied, ha)144 220.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 232.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026 -(The w)180 244.8 R 1.026 +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E +(tions, if supplied, ha)144 280.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 292.8 Q F0(aname)2.5 E F1 1.025 +(The w)180 304.8 R 1.026 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F -F2(aname)180.33 256.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 268.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 280.8 R F2(delim)2.78 E F0 .281 -(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 292.8 Q F0 -(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 304.8 Q F0 1.762 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 304.8 R F1 -.18 -(re)4.261 G(ad).18 E F0(uses)4.261 E F1 -.18(re)4.261 G(adline).18 E F0 -(\(see)4.261 E F3(READLINE)4.261 E F0(abo)180 316.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +-.25 E F0(aname)3.856 E F1 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F +F0(aname)180.33 316.8 Q F1(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F0(name)2.5 E F1 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 328.8 Q F0(delim)2.5 E +F1 .281(The \214rst character of)180 340.8 R F0(delim)2.781 E F1 .281 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F 2.78 +(wline. If)-.25 F F0(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 352.8 Q F1(is the empty string,) +2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1 +(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 +144 364.8 Q F1 1.761 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 364.8 R F2 -.18 +(re)4.262 G(ad).18 E F1(uses)4.262 E F2 -.18(re)4.262 G(adline).18 E F1 +(\(see)4.262 E F3(READLINE)4.262 E F1(abo)180 376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.722(\)t).15 G 3.722(oo)-3.722 G 1.222(btain the line.)-3.722 F 1.222 (Readline uses the current \(or def)6.222 F 1.222 -(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F 1.222(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 328.8 Q +(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F 1.222(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 388.8 Q (viously acti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b) -2.5 E(ut uses readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E -(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1144 340.8 Q F0 1.762 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 340.8 R F1 -.18 -(re)4.261 G(ad).18 E F0(uses)4.261 E F1 -.18(re)4.261 G(adline).18 E F0 -(\(see)4.261 E F3(READLINE)4.261 E F0(abo)180 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2144 400.8 Q F1 1.761 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 400.8 R F2 -.18 +(re)4.262 G(ad).18 E F1(uses)4.262 E F2 -.18(re)4.262 G(adline).18 E F1 +(\(see)4.262 E F3(READLINE)4.262 E F1(abo)180 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.722(\)t).15 G 3.722(oo)-3.722 G 1.222(btain the line.)-3.722 F 1.222 (Readline uses the current \(or def)6.222 F 1.222 -(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F 1.222(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 364.8 Q .042 +(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F 1.222(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 424.8 Q .042 (viously acti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.542(\)e).15 G .042 (diting settings, b)-2.542 F .042(ut uses bash')-.2 F 2.542(sd)-.55 G (ef)-2.542 E .042(ault completion, including program-)-.1 F -(mable completion.)180 376.8 Q F1144 388.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E -F0(If)180 388.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 400.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 412.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 424.8 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 -(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 +(mable completion.)180 436.8 Q F2144 448.8 Q F0(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E +F1(If)180 448.8 Q F2 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F1 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F0(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F1 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) +-.25 F(ing be)180 460.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2144 472.8 Q F0(nc)2.5 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 484.8 S(ad).18 E F1 .322 +(returns after reading)2.822 F F0(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 .323 (characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 -(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 436.8 Q -(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 -E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 448.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 460.8 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) -3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 472.8 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 484.8 -R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 496.8 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 508.8 S .669 +(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 496.8 Q +(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F1(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 +144 508.8 Q F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 520.8 S +(ad).18 E F1 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F0(nc) +3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F +1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 532.8 R F2 -.18(re) +2.775 G(ad).18 E F1 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 544.8 +R F2 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F1 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F0(nc) +3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 .608(characters are read.)180 556.8 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F2(IFS)3.108 E F1 +3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 568.8 S .67 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 520.8 Q F0 -(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 532.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 544.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 556.8 Q +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F2180 580.8 Q F1 +(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2144 592.8 Q F0(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 +E F1(Display)180 604.8 Q F0(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 1.161 +(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 616.8 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 568.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 568.8 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 -580.8 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2 +144 628.8 Q F1 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 628.8 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 +640.8 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.) -180 592.8 Q F1144 604.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 604.8 Q -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 616.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 628.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 640.8 R F2(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 652.8 Q +180 652.8 Q F2144 664.8 Q F1(Silent mode.)180 664.8 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2 +144 676.8 Q F0(timeout)2.5 E F1(Cause)180 688.8 Q F2 -.18(re)2.929 +G(ad).18 E F1 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 700.8 R F0(timeout)3.061 E +F1(seconds.)3.061 E F0(timeout)5.561 E F1 .561(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 712.8 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ +.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -664.8 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 676.8 R .589 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 688.8 S -(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 -.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) -2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 -G(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 700.8 R .228 -(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.728 -(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F 1.225(turn EOF)180 712.8 R -3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725 F 1.225(The e)6.225 F -1.225(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 -E(ceeded.)180 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(74) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +724.8 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(74)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 84 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 -(If no)144 100.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .589(from re)180 84 R .589(gular \214les.)-.15 F +(If)5.589 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F1 .589 +(times out,)3.089 F F2 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F1(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) +-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 96 S(riable) +.25 E F0(name)2.77 E F1 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F0(timeout)2.77 E F1 .27 +(is 0,)2.77 F F2 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F1 .27(returns immediately)2.77 +F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G +(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 108 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) +.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.728(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F +1.225(turn EOF)180 120 R 3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725 +F 1.225(The e)6.225 F 1.225 +(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E +(ceeded.)180 132 Q F2144 144 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 144 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1(.)A +(Other than the case where)144 160.8 Q F0(delim)2.5 E F1 +(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1(ignores an)2.5 +E 2.5(yN)-.15 G(UL characters in the input.)-2.5 E .522(If no)144 177.6 +R F0(names)3.382 E F1 .522 (are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F .522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144 -112.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 -(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18 -(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96 +189.6 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 +(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F2 -.18 +(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F1 .96 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 -124.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707 -(signing to a readonly v)144 136.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) +201.6 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707 +(signing to a readonly v)144 213.6 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) -.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) -.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1144 148.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 -165.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E .77(The gi)144 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 -.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 -F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097 -(quent assignment.)144 189.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 -1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 201.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) --.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 +.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F2144 225.6 Q F1(.)A F2 -.18(re)108 +242.4 S(adonly).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aAf)A F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E +F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 2.5(].)C 1.666 +(..)-.834 G(])-1.666 E .77(The gi)144 254.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F0 +(names)3.27 E F1 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77 +(alues of these)-.25 F F0(names)3.63 E F1 .77 +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 266.4 R +1.097(If the)6.097 F F23.597 E F1 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F0 +(names)3.596 E F1 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 278.4 Q 3.334(ed. The) +-.1 F F23.334 E F1 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) --3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 213.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) -3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 225.6 R -.15(ve) --.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 +-3.334 F F23.334 E F1 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 290.4 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F23.277 E +F1(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F0(name) +3.636 E F1(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 302.4 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F23.021 E F1 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 237.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 -2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 314.4 R(The)5.295 E F2 +2.795 E F1(option)2.795 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 249.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -261.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) --3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) -3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) +144 326.4 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +338.4 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F0(wor) +3.218 E(d)-.37 E F1 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 273.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) --.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 285.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 302.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 314.4 R +144 350.4 R F0(names)3.12 E F1 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F22.76 E F1 .26 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F0(name)144.36 362.4 Q F1 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108 379.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 391.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 -(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 326.4 R -.15(xe) +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F0(n)2.88 E F1 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F0(n)2.88 E F1 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 403.2 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E -F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 338.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 +F2 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 415.2 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) -144 350.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 -E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E -.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 362.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke) -.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 374.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 +144 427.2 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F1 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F2(DEB)2.52 +E(UG)-.1 E F1 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E +.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 439.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F2 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F1 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke) +.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F2 -.18(re)144 451.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 .627 (is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E -F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 +-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)3.128 E F1(\()5.628 E +F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F1 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 463.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F0(n)3.448 E F1 .588 (or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) -144 398.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 +144 475.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F0(n)2.826 E F1 .326 (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 410.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 422.4 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 -E .75(mand associated with the)144 434.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 487.2 R .444 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F2 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F1 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 499.2 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F2(.)2.881 E F1(or)3.714 E +F2(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F1 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 +E .75(mand associated with the)144 511.2 R F2(RETURN)3.249 E F1 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 446.4 Q F1 -(set)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 -(set)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) --2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set \255o) -108 487.2 Q(set +o)108 499.2 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 499.2 S .573 -(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573(alue of each shell v) --.25 F .574(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 -(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 511.2 R 2.613 +G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 523.2 Q F2 +(set)108 540 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F1 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F0(option\255name)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 2.5 +(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G +(])-1.666 E F2(set)108 552 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F1 2.5 +(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F0(option\255name)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 +2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 +G(])-1.666 E F2(set \255o)108 564 Q(set +o)108 576 Q F1 -.4(Wi)144 576 S +.573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573 +(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574 +(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 +(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 588 R 2.613 (ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113 -(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 523.2 -R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.) --.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 -F .581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 535.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G -.581(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15 -G -.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16 -(tion processing are treated as v)144 547.2 R .161 +(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F0 1.032(posix mode)144 600 R +F1 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)-.25 +F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 F +.581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 612 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581 +(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15 G +-.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16 +(tion processing are treated as v)144 624 R .161 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F -2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F1($1)2.661 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 559.2 Q F0(,)A -F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 571.2 Q -F0 1.378(Each v)184 571.2 R 1.377 +2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F2($1)2.661 E F1(,)A F2($2)144 636 Q F1 2.5 +(,.)C 1.666(..)-.834 G(,)-1.666 E F2($)2.5 E F0(n)A F1 5(.O)C +(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 648 Q F1 1.378(Each v)184 648 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 583.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 595.2 Q F0 .131 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 595.2 R +1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 660 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E +(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F2144 672 Q F1 .131 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 672 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 607.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 619.2 Q F0 -.088(Exit immediately if a)184 619.2 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F -F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 631.2 Q -F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR) -4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521 -(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 643.2 -R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 -(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 655.2 Q -1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 --.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) -4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 667.2 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) --.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 679.2 R -F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) --3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E --.25(va)184 691.2 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 703.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 715.2 R 2.678 -(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 -(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 -(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 -(option applies to)2.677 F 3.324(the shell en)184 727.2 R 3.325 -(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F 3.325(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3(COMMAND)5.825 E F0(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 -E(75)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(primary prompt.)184 684 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 +H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F2144 696 Q F1 .088 +(Exit immediately if a)184 696 R F0(pipeline)2.588 E F1 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F0 .087(simple command)2.587 F +F1 .087(\), a)B F0(list)2.587 E F1 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 708 Q F0 +1.52(compound command)4.02 F F1(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR) +4.021 F F1(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521 +(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 720 R +.079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 +(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 +Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(75)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF .107(EXECUTION ENVIR)184 84 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.357 E -.15(ve) --.15 G .107(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .106(xit before e) --.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E(all the commands in the subshell.)184 -96 Q .998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 114 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF3.499 E F0 .999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089 -(nored, none of the commands e)184 126 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089 -(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .502 -(will be af)184 138 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F23.002 E F0 .502 -(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F2 -3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .503 -(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 150 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684 -(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F24.183 E F0 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(follo)184 84 Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)4.154 E F1(or)4.154 E F2(until)4.154 E F1 -.1(ke) +4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 +(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)4.155 E F1(or)4.155 E F2(elif)4.155 E F1(reserv) +4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 96 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) +-.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F2 +(&&)3.081 E F1(or)3.081 E F2(||)3.081 E F1 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 108 R +F2(&&)3.417 E F1(or)3.417 E F2(||)3.417 E F1 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) +-3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E +-.25(va)184 120 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 +(rted with).15 F F2(!)3.161 E F1 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 +(non-zero status because a command f)184 132 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +F23.612 E F1 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 144 R 2.678 +(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F2(ERR)2.678 E F1 2.678(,i)C 2.678 +(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 +(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 156 R .617 +(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) +-.4 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR) +184 168 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F1(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 +(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 180 Q +.998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F F23.499 E F1 +.999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 208.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body) +.15 F .502(will be af)184 220.8 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F2 +3.002 E F1 .502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f) +-3.002 E F23.002 E F1 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 +F .503(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 232.8 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G +1.684(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F24.183 E F1 1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) --.15 E(where)184 162 Q F23.153 E F0 .653 +-.15 E(where)184 244.8 Q F23.153 E F1 .653 (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 174 Q F2 -144 186 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 186 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 -144 198 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 198 -R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F(abled by def)184 210 -Q(ault.)-.1 E F2144 222 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 222 R .514 +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 256.8 Q F2 +144 268.8 Q F1(Disable pathname e)184 268.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 +144 280.8 Q F1 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +280.8 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F +(abled by def)184 292.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2144 304.8 Q F1 .513 +(All ar)184 304.8 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 234 Q F2 -144 246 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 246 R .149 +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 316.8 Q F2 +144 328.8 Q F1 .149(Monitor mode.)184 328.8 R .149 (Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F .148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 258 R F1 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 270 R .678 -(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ -s)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 282 S(it status.).15 E F2144 294 Q F0 .652 -(Read commands b)184 294 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652 -(cute them.).15 F .653(This may be used to check a shell script for) -5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 306 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2144 318 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 330 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0 -(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2(allexport)184 342 Q F0 -(Same as)224 354 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(braceexpand)184 366 Q F0 -(Same as)224 378 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(emacs)184 390 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 390 R 2.589 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 340.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(OL)-.27 E F1(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 352.8 R +.678(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ +g its)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 364.8 S(it status.).15 E F2144 376.8 Q +F1 .652(Read commands b)184 376.8 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 +388.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 +E F2144 400.8 Q F0(option\255name)2.5 E F1(The)184 412.8 Q F0 +(option\255name)2.5 E F1(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 +(allexport)184 424.8 Q F1(Same as)224 436.8 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2 +(braceexpand)184 448.8 Q F1(Same as)224 460.8 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2 +(emacs)184 472.8 Q F1 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 472.8 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 402 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 -(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F2(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 414 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) --.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F2(err) -184 426 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 426 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(errtrace)184 438 Q F0(Same as)224 438 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(functrace)184 450 Q F0(Same as)224 462 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(hashall)184 474 Q F0(Same as)224 474 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(histexpand)184 486 Q F0(Same as)224 498 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(history)184 510 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 510 R 3.087(,a) --.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F1(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 522 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(ignor)184 -534 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 546 R 1.656 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -558 Q F2(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F2 -.1(ke)184 570 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 582 Q F2 -2.5 E F0(.)A F2(monitor)184 594 Q F0(Same as)224 594 Q F22.5 -E F0(.)A F2(noclob)184 606 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 618 Q F22.5 -E F0(.)A F2(noexec)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 630 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A -F2(noglob)184 642 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(nolog) -184 654 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 654 Q F2(notify)184 666 Q F0 -(Same as)224 666 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(nounset)184 678 Q F0(Same as) -224 678 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(onecmd)184 690 Q F0(Same as)224 690 Q -F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(ph)184 702 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 702 Q -F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(pipefail)184 714 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) -224 714 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 726 R -1.136 -(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(76)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +(when the shell is interacti)224 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G +.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F2(\255\255noediting) +3.45 E F1 2.5(option. This)224 496.8 R(also af)2.5 E +(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +(ad \255e).18 E F1(.)A F2(err)184 508.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F1(Same as)224 +508.8 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(errtrace)184 520.8 Q F1(Same as)224 +520.8 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(functrace)184 532.8 Q F1(Same as)224 +544.8 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(hashall)184 556.8 Q F1(Same as)224 556.8 +Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(histexpand)184 568.8 Q F1(Same as)224 580.8 Q +F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(history)184 592.8 Q F1 .587 +(Enable command history)224 592.8 R 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G +.587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST) +3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .587 +(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 604.8 Q(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(ignor)184 616.8 Q(eeof)-.18 E F1 .821 +(The ef)224 628.8 R .822 +(fect is as if the shell command \231IGNOREEOF=10\232 had been e)-.25 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 640.8 Q F2(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables) +-.92 E F1(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2 -.1(ke)184 652.8 S(yw).1 +E(ord)-.1 E F1(Same as)224 664.8 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(monitor)184 +676.8 Q F1(Same as)224 676.8 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(noclob)184 688.8 +Q(ber)-.1 E F1(Same as)224 700.8 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 +768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(76)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)224 84 S -(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G(his option is disabled by def)-5 E -(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(posix)184 96 Q F0 2.091 -(Change the beha)224 96 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091 -(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(noexec)184 84 Q F1(Same as) +224 84 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(noglob)184 96 Q F1(Same as)224 96 Q F2 +2.5 E F1(.)A F2(nolog)184 108 Q F1(Currently ignored.)224 108 Q F2 +(notify)184 120 Q F1(Same as)224 120 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(nounset) +184 132 Q F1(Same as)224 132 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(onecmd)184 144 Q +F1(Same as)224 144 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(ph)184 156 Q(ysical)-.15 E +F1(Same as)224 156 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(pipefail)184 168 Q F1 1.03 +(If set, the return v)224 168 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.029(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 180 +R 1.136 +(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 192 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F2(posix)184 204 Q F1 +2.091(Change the beha)224 204 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F2(bash)4.591 E F1 +2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 -108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 120 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G +216 R F0 1.212(posix mode)B F1 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F1(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 228 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G .954(osix mode af)-3.454 F .954(fects bash')-.25 F 3.454(sb)-.55 G(e-) --3.454 E(ha)224 132 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 144 Q(vileged)-.1 E -F0(Same as)224 156 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 168 S(rbose).1 E -F0(Same as)224 168 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 180 Q F0 .209 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 180 R 2.709(ace. This) --.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 192 -Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace) -184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 204 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 222 Q F1 -2.766 E F0 .266(is supplied with no)2.766 F F2(option\255name) -2.765 E F0(,)A F1(set)2.765 E F0 .265 -(prints the current shell option settings.)2.765 F(If)5.265 E F1(+o) -2.765 E F0 .078(is supplied with no)184 234 R F2(option\255name)2.578 E -F0(,)A F1(set)2.578 E F0 .079(prints a series of)2.579 F F1(set)2.579 E -F0 .079(commands to recreate the cur)2.579 F(-)-.2 E -(rent option settings on the standard output.)184 246 Q F1144 258 -Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 258 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1(ge)-.4 G -(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F F3($ENV) -3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 270 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)184 282 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G +-3.454 E(ha)224 240 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F2(pri)184 252 Q(vileged)-.1 E +F1(Same as)224 264 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(ve)184 276 S(rbose).1 E +F1(Same as)224 276 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A F2(vi)184 288 Q F1 .209 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 288 R 2.709(ace. This) +-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 300 +Q(ace used for)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F1(.)A F2(xtrace) +184 312 Q F1(Same as)224 312 Q F22.5 E F1(.)A(If)184 324 Q F2 +2.766 E F1 .266(is supplied with no)2.766 F F0(option\255name) +2.765 E F1(,)A F2(set)2.765 E F1 .265 +(prints the current shell option settings.)2.765 F(If)5.265 E F2(+o) +2.765 E F1 .078(is supplied with no)184 336 R F0(option\255name)2.578 E +F1(,)A F2(set)2.578 E F1 .079(prints a series of)2.579 F F2(set)2.579 E +F1 .079(commands to recreate the cur)2.579 F(-)-.2 E +(rent option settings on the standard output.)184 348 Q F2144 360 +Q F1 -.45(Tu)184 360 S 2.629(rn on).45 F F0(privile)6.378 E -.1(ge)-.4 G +(d).1 E F1 5.128(mode. In)5.898 F 2.628(this mode, the)5.128 F F3($ENV) +5.128 E F1(and)4.878 E F3($B)5.128 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F1 2.628 +(\214les are not)4.878 F .289 +(processed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 372 R .289 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)2.789 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)184 384 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F4(,)A F1(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F1 -.25(va)2.775 G .524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 294 R .379 +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 396 R .379 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 (ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 306 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 408 R F22.961 E F1 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 318 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 -(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 330 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 420 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 +(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F2 +2.895 E F1 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 432 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G .387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 342 Q F1144 354 Q F0 -(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 354 Q -(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1144 366 Q -F0(Exit after reading and e)184 366 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 378 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 378 S .773 -(eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \ -parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .46(array v)184 390 R .459(ariables s\ -ubscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 -F(x-)-.15 E 2.89(pansion. If)184 402 R -.15(ex)2.89 G .391 -(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25 -F 2.891(,t)-.4 G .391(he shell prints an)-2.891 F -(error message, and, if not interacti)184 414 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) -.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1144 426 Q F0 -(Print shell input lines as the)184 426 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E -F1144 438 Q F0 .315(After e)184 438 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 -.315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0 -(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E -F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 450 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) -.25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F -1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236 -(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 462 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 444 Q F2144 456 Q F1 +(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 456 Q +(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F2144 468 Q +F1(Exit after reading and e)184 468 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting one command.).15 E F2144 480 Q F1 -.35(Tr)184 480 S .662 +(eat unset v).35 F .662(ariables and parameters other than the special \ +parameters \231@\232 and \231*\232, or)-.25 F .349(array v)184 492 R +.348(ariables subscripted with \231@\232 or \231*\232, as an error when\ + performing parameter e)-.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.89(pansion. If)184 504 R -.15 +(ex)2.89 G .391(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391 +(ariable or parameter)-.25 F 2.891(,t)-.4 G .391(he shell prints an) +-2.891 F(error message, and, if not interacti)184 516 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(,e).15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F2144 528 Q F1 +(Print shell input lines as the)184 528 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E +F2144 540 Q F1 .315(After e)184 540 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F0 +.315(simple command)2.815 F F1(,)A F2 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F1 +(command,)2.815 E F2(case)2.815 E F1(command,)2.815 E F2(select)2.815 E +F1(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 552 R F2 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) +.25 E F1 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F +1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F1(follo)3.486 E 1.236 +(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 564 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E (guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list, to standard error)-.1 E(.)-.55 -E F1144 474 Q F0 1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 474 R 1.206 -(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E +E F2144 576 Q F1 1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 576 R 1.206 +(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F1(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa) -184 486 S(ult.).1 E F1144 498 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 498 R F1(bash) -2.713 E F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F -.214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F -3.054(tors. This)184 510 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +184 588 S(ult.).1 E F2144 600 Q F1 .213(If set,)184 600 R F2(bash) +2.713 E F1 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F +.214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F2(>)2.714 E F1(,)A F2(>&)2.714 E F1 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F2(<>)2.714 E F1 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 612 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 522 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 534 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 534 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 -(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +.15 F(tor)184 624 Q F2(>|)2.5 E F1(instead of)2.5 E F2(>)2.5 E F1(.)A F2 +144 636 Q F1 .103(If set, an)184 636 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 +(rap on)-2.603 F F2(ERR)2.603 E F1 .104 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 -F .839(mands e)184 546 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 558 Q F1 -144 570 Q F0(Enable)184 570 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +F .839(mands e)184 648 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(ERR)3.338 E F1 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 660 Q F2 +144 672 Q F1(Enable)184 672 Q F2(!)3.031 E F1 .531 (style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 582 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 594 Q F0 .96 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 594 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 684 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2144 696 Q F1 .96 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 696 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452 -(that change the current w)184 606 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F2(cd)3.459 E F1 1.452 +(that change the current w)184 708 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 (.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453 -(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 618 R(def) -3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 -(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 630 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -642 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 642 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 -(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 -(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 654 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 -(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 666 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 678 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)184 678 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 -(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 690 Q -F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G -(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -702 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 702 R -F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G -.796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 714 -R F13.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F13.022 E F0 .522 -(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no) -3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B -(rameters remain unchanged.)184 726 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(77)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 5.506(stead. By)184 720 R(def) +5.506 E(ault,)-.1 E F2(bash)5.506 E F1(follo)5.506 E 3.005 +(ws the logical chain of directories when performing)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(77)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .425 -(The options are of)144 84 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 -E .425(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(commands which change the current directory)184 84 +Q(.)-.65 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q F1 .89(If set, an)184 96 +R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F2(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F1(and)3.39 +E F2(RETURN)3.39 E F1 .89(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 +F 1.932(substitutions, and commands e)184 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(DEB)4.432 E +(UG)-.1 E F1(and)4.432 E F2(RETURN)184 120 Q F1 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F2144 132 Q +F1 .4(If no ar)184 132 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 144 Q +F0(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F22.5 E F1(.)A F2144 +156 Q F1 .279(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 156 R +F0(ar)2.779 E(g)-.37 E F1 2.779(st)C 2.779(ob)-2.779 G 2.778(ea)-2.779 G +.278(ssigned to the positional para-)-2.778 F 3.021(meters. The)184 168 +R F23.021 E F1(and)3.022 E F23.022 E F1 .522 +(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no) +3.022 F F0(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F1 .522(s, the positional para-)B +(meters remain unchanged.)184 180 Q .425(The options are of)144 196.8 R +2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 96 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 208.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 108 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 120 Q F1(shift)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 -148.8 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) -2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G .429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F -(bers)144 160.8 Q F1($#)2.583 E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) -2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083 -(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H -.082(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f) --5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 172.8 -R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 -(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 -(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144 -(positional parameters are not changed.)144 184.8 R .144 -(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 .143 -(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 196.8 Q F1(shopt)108 213.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 225.6 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 -(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E +(current set of options may be found in)144 220.8 R F2<24ad>2.566 E F1 +5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 232.8 Q F2(shift)108 249.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1 +(])A 1.669(The positional parameters from)144 261.6 R F0(n)4.169 E F1 +1.67(+1 .)B -1.662 1.666(.. a)1.666 H 1.67(re renamed to)-1.666 F F2 +1.67($1 .)4.17 F 1.666(..)1.666 G(.)-1.666 E F1 -.15(Pa)6.67 G 1.67 +(rameters represented by the).15 F(numbers)144 273.6 Q F2($#)2.702 E F1 +(do)2.702 E .202(wn to)-.25 F F2($#)2.702 E F1A F0(n)A F1 .202 +(+1 are unset.)B F0(n)5.562 E F1 .202(must be a non-ne)2.942 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .502 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .201(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F2($#)2.701 E F1(.)A(If)144 285.6 Q F0(n)3.461 E F1 .601 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)3.341 F(If)5.602 E F0(n)3.462 E F1 +.602(is not gi)3.342 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .602(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 +F(If)5.602 E F0(n)3.462 E F1 .602(is greater than)3.342 F F2($#)144 +297.6 Q F1 2.791(,t)C .291(he positional parameters are not changed.) +-2.791 F .29(The return status is greater than zero if)5.291 F F0(n)3.15 +E F1 .29(is greater)3.03 F(than)144 309.6 Q F2($#)2.5 E F1 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)2.5 E F2(shopt)108 326.4 Q F1([)2.5 E +F2(\255pqsu)A F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(optname)-2.5 E +F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.8(To)144 338.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F +.639(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 -(listed belo)144 237.6 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 +(listed belo)144 350.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F22.875 E F1 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 249.6 R .065 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F12.566 E F0 .066 +F F22.875 E F1 .374(option to the)2.875 F F2(set)2.874 E F1 -.2 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 362.4 R .065 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F22.566 E F1 .066 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 -F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 261.6 R F2 -(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074 +F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 374.4 R F0 +(optnames)2.574 E F1 .074 (are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105 -(tions. The)144 273.6 R F13.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ +(tions. The)144 386.4 R F23.105 E F1 .605(option causes output to\ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605 -E(options ha)144 285.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 297.6 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -297.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 309.6 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 309.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -321.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 321.6 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E -.255(set or unset.)180 333.6 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 -E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 345.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 357.6 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 357.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 374.4 R F1 -3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) -3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983 -(set or unset, respecti)144 386.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) --.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984 -(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 398.4 S(ult.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -415.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.044 F .696 +E(options ha)144 398.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 410.4 Q F1(Enable \(set\) each)180 +410.4 Q F0(optname)2.5 E F1(.)A F2144 422.4 Q F1 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 422.4 Q F0(optname)2.5 E F1(.)A F2144 +434.4 Q F1 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 434.4 R F0(optname)2.503 E F1(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 446.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F0(optname)2.755 +E F1(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F22.756 E F1 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 458.4 Q F0(optnames)2.5 E +F1(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F2144 470.4 Q F1 +(Restricts the v)180 470.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F0(optname)2.5 E F1 +(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(option to the)2.5 +E F2(set)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 487.2 R F2 +3.125 E F1(or)3.124 E F23.124 E F1 .624(is used with no) +3.124 F F0(optname)3.124 E F1(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F2(shopt)3.124 +E F1(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983 +(set or unset, respecti)144 499.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) +-.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F2(shopt)3.484 E F1 .984 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 511.2 S(ult.) +.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 528 +R F0(optnames)4.044 E F1 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F +.696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 427.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 439.2 Q(The list of)144 456 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(array_expand_once)144 474 Q F0 1.832 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 486 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.832 -(luation of associati).25 F 2.131 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.831(nd inde).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 4.331(da).15 G 1.831(rray sub-)-4.331 F .025 -(scripts during arithmetic e)184 498 R .025(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G .025(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .025(cuting b).15 F -.025(uiltins that can perform)-.2 F -.25(va)184 510 S +144 540 R F0(optname)3.196 E F1 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 552 Q(The list of)144 568.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F1 +(options is:)2.5 E F2(array_expand_once)144 585.6 Q F1 1.832 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 597.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.832(luation of associati).25 F 2.131 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.831(nd inde) +.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.331(da).15 G 1.831(rray sub-)-4.331 F .025 +(scripts during arithmetic e)184 609.6 R .025(xpression e)-.15 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .025(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .025(cuting b).15 +F .025(uiltins that can perform)-.2 F -.25(va)184 621.6 S (riable assignments, and while e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting b).15 E -(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1(assoc_expand_once) -144 522 Q F0(Deprecated; a synon)184 534 Q(ym for)-.15 E F1 -(array_expand_once)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(autocd)144 546 Q F0 .2 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 546 R +(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F2(assoc_expand_once) +144 633.6 Q F1(Deprecated; a synon)184 645.6 Q(ym for)-.15 E F2 +(array_expand_once)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(autocd)144 657.6 Q F1 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 657.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 558 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 669.6 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F1 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 570 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 582 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F2(cdable_v)144 681.6 Q(ars)-.1 E F1 .155(If set, an ar)184 693.6 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.655 E F1 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 594 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 606 Q F0 -1.055 -(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -606 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 618 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 630 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) --.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 -(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 642 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 654 Q F0 .736 -(If set,)184 666 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 678 -Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 690 Q -F0 .449(If set,)184 702 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 -(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 714 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G -.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 2.925 -(tempted without an interv)184 726 R 2.925(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F3 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.925(JOB CONTR)5.425 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)5.175 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 5.425(\). The).15 F(shell)5.425 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(78)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(name of a v)184 705.6 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q +(2024 March 29)144.29 E(78)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(al)184 84 Q -.1 -(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 96 Q F0 -1.09(If set,)184 108 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F -3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F -1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 120 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G -.851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F2(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .85(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 132 S(ult.).1 E -F1(cmdhist)144 144 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)2.672 E F0 .172 -(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cdspell)144 84 Q F1 1.055 +(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 +84 R F2(cd)3.555 E F1 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 96 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 108 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 +(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F +(the command proceeds.)184 120 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(checkhash)144 132 Q F1 .736 +(If set,)184 144 R F2(bash)3.236 E F1 .736 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 156 +Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 168 Q +F1 .449(If set,)184 180 R F2(bash)2.949 E F1 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 192 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G +.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.473 +(tempted without an interv)184 204 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F3 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F1(abo)3.723 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184 216 S +(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) +-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 228 Q F1 1.09(If set,)184 240 R F2(bash)3.59 +E F1 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e) +-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F +(necessary)184 252 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G .851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85 +(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F1(and)3.1 E F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .85(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1 +(fa)184 264 S(ult.).1 E F2(cmdhist)144 276 Q F1 .172(If set,)184 276 R +F2(bash)2.672 E F1 .172(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) -184 156 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 +184 288 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 -(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 168 S 1.287(ult, b).1 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 300 S 1.287(ult, b).1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 (fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 180 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 -(compat31)144 192 Q(compat32)144 204 Q(compat40)144 216 Q(compat41)144 -228 Q(compat42)144 240 Q(compat43)144 252 Q(compat44)144 264 Q(compat50) -144 276 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 288 R 3.389 -(sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F2 .889(SHELL COMP) -3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 300 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 316.8 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 328.8 -R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lename\ +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 312 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A F2 +(compat31)144 324 Q(compat32)144 336 Q(compat40)144 348 Q(compat41)144 +360 Q(compat42)144 372 Q(compat43)144 384 Q(compat44)144 396 Q(compat50) +144 408 Q F1 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 420 R 3.389 +(sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F3 .889(SHELL COMP) +3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 432 Q F1(belo)2.25 E +(w\).)-.25 E F2(complete_fullquote)144 448.8 Q F1 .653(If set,)184 460.8 +R F2(bash)3.153 E F1 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lename\ s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525 -(forming completion.)184 340.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 -E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 +(forming completion.)184 472.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F2(bash)4.024 +E F1(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -352.8 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 364.8 R .028 +484.8 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 496.8 R .028 (ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028 -(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 376.8 R 1.073 +(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 508.8 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 388.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 520.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -400.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 412.8 Q +532.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 544.8 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 429.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 -(If set,)184 441.6 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F2(dir)144 561.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F1 .487 +(If set,)184 573.6 R F2(bash)2.987 E F1 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 -453.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +585.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 -465.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 482.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 -482.4 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +597.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F1(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F2(dirspell)144 614.4 Q F1 .859(If set,)184 +614.4 R F2(bash)3.359 E F1 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 494.4 Q(xist.)-.15 -E F1(dotglob)144 511.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 511.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 -.165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665 -('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 523.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') -.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 -(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 -(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 540 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)184 -540 R .817 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516 -(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .516 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 626.4 Q(xist.)-.15 +E F2(dotglob)144 643.2 Q F1 1.087(If set,)184 643.2 R F2(bash)3.587 E F1 +1.088(includes \214lenames be)3.588 F 1.088 +(ginning with a \231.\232 in the results of pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 +E 3.389(sion. The)184 655.2 R .889 +(\214lenames \231.\232 and \231..\232 must al)3.389 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .888 +(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.388(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.638 G +3.388(ni).15 G(f)-3.388 E F2(dotglob)3.388 E F1(is)3.388 E(set.)184 +667.2 Q F2(execfail)144 684 Q F1 .516(If set, a non-interacti)184 684 R +.816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517 (cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 -552 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E -.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 568.8 Q F0 .716 -(If set, aliases are e)184 580.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F -1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .717 -(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 592.8 Q(ault for interacti) --.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 609.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 -.17(If set at shell in)184 621.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17 -(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081 -(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 633.6 R F1 -3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 645.6 Q -(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 -662.4 Q F0(The)220 662.4 Q F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 -F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 -(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 674.4 -Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 691.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) -220 691.2 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) -4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E -(command is skipped and not e)220 703.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(79)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +696 Q F2(exec)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E +.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F2(exec)2.5 E F1 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(79) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 80 80 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(3.)184 84 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 84 R F1(DEB)3.341 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84 -(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 96 S .488 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(expand_aliases)144 84 Q F1 +.717(If set, aliases are e)184 96 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E +/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 108 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F2(extdeb)144 124.8 Q(ug)-.2 E F1 .17(If set at shell in)184 136.8 +R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.082 +(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 148.8 R F2 +3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F1 3.581(option. 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See)184 345.6 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 -F(enabled by def)184 357.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 374.4 Q -F0 2.518(If set, range e)184 386.4 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 398.4 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) --3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 444 Q(.)-.55 +E F2 -.25(fo)144 460.8 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F1 .936 +(If set, the suf)184 472.8 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the)-.15 +F F3(FIGNORE)3.436 E F1 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w)-.25 F +.937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 484.8 R .32 +(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 +(pletions. See)184 496.8 R F3 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F1 +(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E F4(.)A F1 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) +184 508.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(globasciiranges)144 525.6 Q F1 2.519 +(If set, range e)184 537.6 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 549.6 Q F1(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 410.4 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 561.6 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F -F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 422.4 R F1 -(A)3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) --3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 434.4 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globskipdots)144 451.2 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 463.2 R .284 -(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285 -(atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.785 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.785(,e) -.63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-) --2.785 F(tern be)184 475.2 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55 -(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 -E F1(globstar)144 492 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 492 R F1(**) -3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F -.518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 504 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -516 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 532.8 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are wri\ -tten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 544.8 Q F1 -(histappend)144 561.6 Q F0 .676 -(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -573.6 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 585.6 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 602.4 Q(eedit) --.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 614.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E -F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 -G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 626.4 Q F1(histv)144 643.2 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 -(If set, and)184 655.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 -(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 667.2 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 679.2 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 -E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 696 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -720 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E -(80)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F2(b)3.52 E F1 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 573.6 R F2 +(A)3.456 E F1(and)3.456 E F2(B)3.456 E F1 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) +-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 585.6 Q(.)-.55 E +F2(globskipdots)144 602.4 Q F1 .802(If set, pathname e)184 614.4 R .802 +(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.302(rm).15 G .802 +(atch the \214lenames \231.\232 and \231..\232, e)-3.302 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.302(ni).15 G 3.302(ft)-3.302 G .802(he pat-)-3.302 F(tern be)184 +626.4 Q(gins with a \231.\232.)-.15 E(This option is enabled by def)5 E +(ault.)-.1 E F2(globstar)144 643.2 Q F1 .518(If set, the pattern)184 +643.2 R F2(**)3.018 E F1 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519 +(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F +.432(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 655.2 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F2(/)2.931 E F1 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +667.2 Q F2(gnu_errfmt)144 684 Q F1(If set, shell error messages are wri\ +tten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 696 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 +768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(80)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 81 81 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(abo)184 84 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(huponexit)144 100.8 Q F0(If set,)184 112.8 Q F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histappend)144 84 Q F1 .676 +(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 +96 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.177 E F1 +-.25(va)2.927 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 108 Q +(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F2 +(histr)144 124.8 Q(eedit)-.18 E F1 .576(If set, and)184 136.8 R F2 -.18 +(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F1 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 +F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 148.8 Q F2(histv)144 +165.6 Q(erify)-.1 E F1 .402(If set, and)184 177.6 R F2 -.18(re)2.903 G +(adline).18 E F1 .403 +(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 189.6 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F2 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F1(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 201.6 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 +E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F2 +(hostcomplete)144 218.4 Q F1 1.181(If set, and)184 230.4 R F2 -.18(re) +3.681 G(adline).18 E F1 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F2(bash)3.682 E F1 +1.182(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381 +(when a w)184 242.4 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F2(@)3.881 E F1 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F2(Completing)3.88 E F1(under)3.88 E +F3(READLINE)3.88 E F1(abo)184 254.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F2(huponexit)144 271.2 Q F1 +(If set,)184 283.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F1(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F1 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 129.6 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 141.6 R .219 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 153.6 Q -2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) -144 170.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 182.4 R -2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E -F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on) --.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 194.4 R 1.267 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F -(enabled by def)184 206.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 223.2 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 223.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F2(inherit_err)144 300 Q(exit)-.18 E F1 .219 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 312 R .219(alue of the) +-.25 F F2(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F1 .22(option, instead of unsetting) +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 324 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +(option is enabled when)2.5 E F0(posix mode)2.5 E F1(is enabled.)2.5 E +F2(interacti)144 340.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F1 .33 +(If set, allo)184 352.8 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)2.83 E F1 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 364.8 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F1(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 +376.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(lastpipe)144 393.6 Q F1 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 393.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 (,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 235.2 Q(vironment.) --.4 E F1(lithist)144 252 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 252 R F1(cmdhist) -3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 264 Q -(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 280.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 292.8 R +(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 405.6 Q(vironment.) +-.4 E F2(lithist)144 422.4 Q F1 .654(If set, and the)184 422.4 R F2 +(cmdhist)3.154 E F1 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) +3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history) +-3.155 F(with embedded ne)184 434.4 Q +(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F2 +(localv)144 451.2 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F1 .422(If set, local v)184 463.2 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -304.8 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 -(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 316.8 Q -F1(localv)144 333.6 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 345.6 R -F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F -.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ +475.2 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174 +(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 487.2 Q +F2(localv)144 504 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F1 .329(If set, calling)184 516 R F2 +(unset)2.829 E F1 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F +.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ -the beha)184 357.6 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 369.6 Q -(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 386.4 -Q F0 .486 +the beha)184 528 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 540 Q +(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F2(login_shell)144 556.8 +Q F1 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -398.4 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 410.4 S(lue may not be changed.) -.25 E F1(mailwar)144 427.2 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that) -184 439.2 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 451.2 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 468 -Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 480 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 -(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 492 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 508.8 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 520.8 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 -.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f) --.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 532.8 S -(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 549.6 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -561.6 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194 -(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H -1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 573.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E -F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 -F -.1(wo)184 585.6 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ - possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 -597.6 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 614.4 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 626.4 R -F1(bash)3.618 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ -ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 638.4 Q -(If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1 -(nullglob)144 655.2 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 667.2 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0 -(allo)3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 --.1(Pa)3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.355(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 679.2 S -(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1 -(patsub_r)144 696 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .106(If set,)184 708 R F1(bash) -2.606 E F0 -.15(ex)2.606 G .106(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)2.606 E -F0 .105(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F -.527(the te)184 720 R .527 -(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.028 G -.528(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.028 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.528(.T).15 G -(his)-5.528 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(81)192.055 -E 0 Cg EP +568.8 R F3(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F1(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 580.8 S(lue may not be changed.) +.25 E F2(mailwar)144 597.6 Q(n)-.15 E F1 .814(If set, and a \214le that) +184 609.6 R F2(bash)3.314 E F1 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.1(wa)184 621.6 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed,)-.1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1 +(displays the message \231The mail in)2.5 E F0(mail\214le)2.5 E F1 +(has been read\232.)2.5 E F2(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 638.4 Q F1 .325 +(If set, and)184 650.4 R F2 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F1 .325 +(is being used,)2.825 F F2(bash)2.824 E F1 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F3 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +F1 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 662.4 Q +F2(nocaseglob)144 679.2 Q F1 .436(If set,)184 691.2 R F2(bash)2.936 E F1 +.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f) +-.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 703.2 S +(pansion \(see).15 E F2 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F1(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E +(81)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 82 82 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(option is enabled by def)184 84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr) -144 100.8 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f) -184 112.8 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 124.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E -F1(pr)144 141.6 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 -(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 153.6 R F1(bash) -4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 165.6 Q -3.289(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.289 H(an)3.489 E 3.289(yc)-.15 G .789 -(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.289 F .788 -(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 177.6 R F1(bash)3.973 E -F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F -1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 189.6 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E -F1(pr)144 206.4 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 218.4 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 -230.4 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G -.17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 242.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18 -(re)144 259.2 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocasematch)144 84 Q F1 1.194 +(If set,)184 96 R F2(bash)3.694 E F1 1.194 +(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H +1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 108 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(case)3.051 E F1(or)3.051 E F2([[)3.051 E F1 +.551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F +-.1(wo)184 120 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering pos\ +sible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 132 Q +F2(noexpand_translation)144 148.8 Q F1 .669(If set,)184 160.8 R F2(bash) +3.169 E F1 .669(encloses the translated results of)3.169 F F2($")3.169 E +F1 1.666(...)C F2(")-1.666 E F1 .669 +(quoting in single quotes instead of)3.169 F(double quotes.)184 172.8 Q +(If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F2 +(nullglob)144 189.6 Q F1 1.581(If set, pathname e)184 201.6 R 1.581 +(xpansion patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.15 F F2 -.1(Pa)4.081 G +1.58(thname Expansion).1 F F1(abo)184 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)e).15 +G(xpand to nothing and are remo)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d, rather than e) +.15 E(xpanding to themselv)-.15 E(es.)-.15 E F2(patsub_r)144 230.4 Q +(eplacement)-.18 E F1 .105(If set,)184 242.4 R F2(bash)2.605 E F1 -.15 +(ex)2.605 G .105(pands occurrences of).15 F F2(&)2.606 E F1 .106 +(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F .528 +(the te)184 254.4 R .528(xt matched by the pattern, as described under) +-.15 F F2 -.1(Pa)3.027 G .527(rameter Expansion).1 F F1(abo)3.027 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 5.527(.T).15 G(his)-5.527 E(option is enabled by def)184 +266.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(pr)144 283.2 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F1 .676 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 295.2 R .677(acilities \(see) +-.1 F F2(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F1(abo)3.177 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 307.2 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F2(pr)144 324 Q +(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F1 2.124 +(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 336 R F2(bash)4.624 +E F1 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 348 Q 3.288(th) +-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 +(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 +(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 360 R F2(bash)3.973 E F1 +1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473 +(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 372 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E F2(pr) +144 388.8 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F1 1.447 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 400.8 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 +412.8 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G +.17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F1(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 424.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2 -.18 +(re)144 441.6 S(stricted_shell).18 E F1 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 271.2 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 283.2 Q 2.86 +184 453.6 R F3 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F1(belo)184 465.6 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 295.2 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 477.6 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 -E F1(shift_v)144 312 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 324 R F1 -(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 336 Q F1(sour) -144 352.8 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 364.8 R F1(.)3.27 E F0 -(\()3.27 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 -F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 376.8 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 393.6 S(rr).1 -E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If set, the shell automatically closes \214l\ -e descriptors assigned using the)184 405.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E .423(rection syntax \(see)184 417.6 R -F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo)2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G -.424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F -(mand completes.)184 429.6 Q F1(xpg_echo)144 446.4 Q F0 .074 -(If set, the)184 458.4 R F1(echo)2.574 E F0 -.2(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin e) -.2 F .074(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 F 2.574 -(ault. If)-.1 F(the)2.574 E F1(posix)2.573 E F0(shell)2.573 E -(option is also enabled,)184 470.4 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -(does not interpret an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ptions.)-2.5 E F1(suspend)108 -487.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A .909(Suspend the e)144 499.2 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .909(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.41(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.41(signal. A)3.16 F .91 -(login shell, or a shell)3.41 F .753 -(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 511.2 R F1 -3.253 E F0 .752(option can be used to o)3.252 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.752(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 523.2 R .107(T\ +E F2(shift_v)144 494.4 Q(erbose)-.1 E F1 .501(If set, the)184 506.4 R F2 +(shift)3.001 E F1 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 518.4 Q F2(sour) +144 535.2 Q(cepath)-.18 E F1 .771(If set, the)184 547.2 R F2(.)3.271 E +F1(\()3.271 E F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F1 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F1 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 559.2 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E +(ault.)-.1 E F2 -.1(va)144 576 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F1 .74(If se\ +t, the shell automatically closes \214le descriptors assigned using the) +184 588 R F0({varname})3.24 E F1(redi-)3.24 E .424(rection syntax \(see) +184 600 R F3(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F1(abo)2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924 +(\)i).15 G .424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424 +(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F(mand completes.)184 612 Q F2 +(xpg_echo)144 628.8 Q F1 .073(If set, the)184 640.8 R F2(echo)2.574 E F1 +-.2(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin e).2 F .074 +(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 F 2.574(ault. If)-.1 F +(the)2.574 E F2(posix)2.574 E F1(shell)2.574 E(option is also enabled,) +184 652.8 Q F2(echo)2.5 E F1(does not interpret an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +(ptions.)-2.5 E F2(suspend)108 669.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2A F1(])A .91 +(Suspend the e)144 681.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .91 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G +F3(SIGCONT)-.001 E F1 3.409(signal. A)3.159 F .909 +(login shell, or a shell)3.409 F .752 +(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 693.6 R F2 +3.252 E F1 .753(option can be used to o)3.253 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +.753(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 705.6 R .107(T\ he return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell or job control \ -is not en-)5.107 F(abled and)144 535.2 Q F12.5 E F0 -(is not supplied.)2.5 E F1(test)108 552 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 564 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 564 R .877 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 576 S -(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 -(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.361 -(primaries described abo)144 588 R 1.661 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)3.861 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.36(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.86(yo)-.15 G(p-)-3.86 -E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 600 Q(gument of)-.18 E -F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 618 R .786 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 630 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 642 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 654 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 654 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.) --.1 E F1(\()144 666 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 -(Returns the v)180 666 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 -5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 678 Q F3 -.2(ex) -144 690 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 702 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(82)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +is not en-)5.107 F(abled and)144 717.6 Q F22.5 E F1 +(is not supplied.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(82) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 83 83 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)144 84 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(o)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S -(ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F2(test)144 112.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E -F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(test)108 84 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr).2 E F2([)108 96 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F2(])2.5 E F1 .877 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 96 R .878 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F0 -.2(ex)144 108 S +(pr).2 E F1 5.53(.E).73 G .53 +(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.36 +(primaries described abo)144 120 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)3.86 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(test)5.86 E F1 1.361(does not accept an)3.86 F +3.861(yo)-.15 G(p-)-3.861 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar) +144 132 Q(gument of)-.18 E F22.5 E F1 +(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 148.8 R .785 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 +(dence. The)144 160.8 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 172.8 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F2(!)144 184.8 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F1 -.35(Tr)180 184.8 S(ue if).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F2(\()144 196.8 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F2(\))2.5 E F1 +.26(Returns the v)180 196.8 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F0 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +E F1 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 208.8 Q F0 -.2 +(ex)144 220.8 S(pr1).2 E F12.5 E F2(a)A F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F1 +-.35(Tr)180 232.8 S(ue if both).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F1(and)2.5 +E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F1(are true.)2.52 E F0 -.2(ex)144 244.8 S +(pr1).2 E F12.5 E F2(o)A F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F1 -.35(Tr)180 +256.8 S(ue if either).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F1(or)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F1(is true.)2.52 E F2(test)144 273.6 Q F1(and)2.5 E +F2([)2.5 E F1 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 130.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 142.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 154.8 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 166.8 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 290.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 302.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 314.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 326.4 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 178.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 190.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 338.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 350.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F1 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 202.8 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 -214.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 -(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 226.8 Q +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 362.4 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 374.4 Q .552 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F1 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 +(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 386.4 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 238.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 250.8 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 398.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 410.4 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 262.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 422.4 R 1.155 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 274.8 R .578(xpression i\ +F4(,)A F1(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 434.4 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 286.8 R(The)6.333 E F23.833 -E F0(and)3.833 E F23.832 E F0 1.332 +(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 446.4 R(The)6.332 E F23.832 +E F1(and)3.832 E F23.832 E F1 1.333 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 298.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 -F .558(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +(three ar)180 458.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.058 E F1 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -310.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(ar)180 322.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.985 E F0 -2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 +470.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.021 E F1 .521(and the third) +3.021 F(ar)180 482.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.985 +E F1 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 334.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -346.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .43(The follo)180 358.8 R .43 -(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .429 -(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.929 E F0 2.929 -(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 370.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 -G 1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 -(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745 -(ments. the)180 382.8 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 -(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18 -F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 394.8 R -(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31 -(he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F -.184(second and third ar)180 406.8 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -.184(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.183(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -418.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 430.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 442.8 R 1.635 +(wise, the e)180 494.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +506.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .429(The follo)180 518.4 R .429 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .43 +(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .43(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.93 E F1 2.93(,t)C +.43(he re-)-2.93 F 1.315(sult is the ne)180 530.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.314 +(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 +(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.744 +(ments. the)180 542.4 R(tw)2.744 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 +(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.745(guments. If)-.18 +F .245(the \214rst ar)2.745 F(gument)-.18 E .31(is e)180 554.4 R(xactly) +-.15 E F2(\()2.81 E F1 .31(and the fourth ar)2.81 F .31(gument is e)-.18 +F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.809 E F1 2.809(,t)C .309(he result is the tw) +-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .309(gument test of the)-.18 F .183 +(second and third ar)180 566.4 R 2.683(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184 +(the e)2.684 F .184(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .184 +(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 +578.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 590.4 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 602.4 R 1.635 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 (luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -454.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E .269(If the shell is not in)144 472.8 R -F1 .269(posix mode)2.769 F F0 2.769(,w)C .269(hen used with)-2.769 F F2 -(test)2.768 E F0(or)2.768 E F2([)2.768 E F0 2.768(,t)C(he)-2.768 E F2(<) -2.768 E F0(and)2.768 E F2(>)2.768 E F0 .268(operators sort le)2.768 F -(xicographi-)-.15 E .013(cally using ASCII ordering.)144 484.8 R .014 -(When the shell is in)5.013 F F1 .014(posix mode)2.514 F F0 2.514(,t)C -.014(hese operators sort using the current)-2.514 F(locale.)144 496.8 Q -F2(times)108 513.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system tim\ -es for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 513.6 R -(The return status is 0.)144 525.6 Q F2(trap)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F1(action)A F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(The)144 554.4 Q F1(action)3.733 E F0 .903 -(is a command that is read and e)3.643 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .903 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.403(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.403 E F1(sigspec)3.744 E F0 5.904(.I).31 G(f)-5.904 E F1 -(action)144.33 566.4 Q F0 .106(is absent \(and there is a single)2.846 F -F1(sigspec)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)o)C(r)-2.605 E F22.605 E F0 2.605(,e)C -.105(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original dis-)-2.605 F .626 -(position \(the v)144 578.4 R .626 -(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)-.25 F(If)5.626 E F1(action) -3.456 E F0 .626(is the null string the signal speci-)3.366 F -(\214ed by each)144 590.4 Q F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0 -(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)2.81 E -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G(s.).1 E .165(If no ar)144 608.4 R .165 -(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F2(trap)2.665 E F0 .165 -(displays the actions associated with each trapped signal as a set)2.665 -F(of)144 620.4 Q F2(trap)2.569 E F0 .069(commands that can be reused as\ - shell input to restore the current signal dispositions.)2.569 F(If)5.07 -E F22.57 E F0 .474(is gi)144 632.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .474(n, and) -.15 F F1(action)3.303 E F0 .473(is not present, then)3.213 F F2(trap) -2.973 E F0 .473(displays the actions associated with each)2.973 F F1 -(sigspec)3.313 E F0(or)3.283 E(,)-.4 E .363 -(if none are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of)144 644.4 R -F2(trap)2.864 E F0 .364(commands that can be reused as shell)2.864 F -.207(input to restore the current signal dispositions.)144 656.4 R(The) -5.207 E F22.707 E F0 .207(option beha)2.707 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.707 -(ss).15 G(imilarly)-2.707 E 2.707(,b)-.65 G .207(ut displays only)-2.907 -F 1.552(the actions associated with each)144 668.4 R F1(sigspec)4.052 E -F0(ar)4.052 E(gument.)-.18 E F26.552 E F0 1.553 -(requires at least one)4.052 F F1(sigspec)4.053 E F0(ar)4.053 E(gument.) --.18 E(The)144 680.4 Q F22.727 E F0(or)2.727 E F22.727 E F0 -.227(options to)2.727 F F2(trap)2.727 E F0 .227 -(may be used in a subshell en)2.727 F .226 -(vironment \(e.g., command substitution\))-.4 F .992 -(and, as long as the)144 692.4 R 3.493(ya)-.15 G .993(re used before) --3.493 F F2(trap)3.493 E F0 .993(is used to change a signal')3.493 F -3.493(sh)-.55 G .993(andling, will display the)-3.493 F -(state of its parent')144 704.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(raps.)-2.5 E(The)144 -722.4 Q F23.217 E F0 .717(option causes)3.217 F F2(trap)3.217 E F0 -.716(to print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.) -3.216 F(Each)5.716 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(83) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +614.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E .216(When the shell is in)144 631.2 R F0 +.216(posix mode)2.716 F F1 2.716(,o)C 2.716(ri)-2.716 G 2.716(ft)-2.716 +G .216(he e)-2.716 F .216(xpression is part of the)-.15 F F2([[)2.716 E +F1 .216(command, the)2.716 F F2(<)2.717 E F1(and)2.717 E F2(>)2.717 E F1 +(opera-)2.717 E .728(tors sort using the current locale.)144 643.2 R +.728(If the shell is not in)5.728 F F0 .728(posix mode)3.228 F F1 3.228 +(,t)C(he)-3.228 E F2(test)3.228 E F1(and)3.228 E F2([)3.228 E F1 .727 +(commands sort)3.227 F(le)144 655.2 Q +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F2(times)108 672 Q F1 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)144 672 R(The return status is 0.)144 684 +Q F2(trap)108 700.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F1 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F0 +(action)A F1(])A F0(sigspec)2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E(The)144 +712.8 Q F0(action)3.734 E F1 .903(is a command that is read and e)3.644 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .903(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.403(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.403 E F0(sigspec)3.743 E F1 5.903(.I).31 G +(f)-5.903 E F0(action)144.33 724.8 Q F1 1.083 +(is absent \(and there is a single)3.823 F F0(sigspec)3.583 E F1 3.583 +(\)o)C(r)-3.583 E F23.583 E F1 3.583(,e)C 1.084 +(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original)-3.583 F(GNU Bash 5.3) +72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(83)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 84 84 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)144.34 84 Q F0 .709 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.518 F F1(signal.h)A F0 .709 -(>, or a signal number)B 5.709(.S)-.55 G .709(ignal names are case) --5.709 F(insensiti)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .092(If a)144 -114 R F1(sigspec)2.932 E F0(is)2.902 E F2(EXIT)2.592 E F0 .092 -(\(0\) the command)2.342 F F1(action)2.921 E F0 .091(is e)2.831 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .091(cuted on e).15 F .091(xit from the shell.)-.15 F .091 -(If a)5.091 F F1(sigspec)2.931 E F0(is)2.901 E F2(DE-)2.591 E -.09(BU) -144 126 S(G).09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.244(the command)3.494 F -F1(action)4.074 E F0 1.244(is e)3.984 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.244 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.245(simple command) -3.744 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.745 E F0(command,)3.745 E F1(case)3.745 E F0 -(com-)3.745 E(mand,)144 138 Q F1(select)2.697 E F0 .196 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .133(disposition \(the v)144 84 R .132 +(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)-.25 F(If)5.132 E F0(action) +2.962 E F1 .132(is the null string the signal spec-)2.872 F +(i\214ed by each)144 96 Q F0(sigspec)2.84 E F1 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)2.81 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G(s.).1 E .165(If no ar)144 112.8 R .165 +(guments are supplied,)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.665 E F1 .165 +(displays the actions associated with each trapped signal as a set)2.665 +F(of)144 124.8 Q F2(trap)2.57 E F1 .069(commands that can be reused as \ +shell input to restore the current signal dispositions.)2.57 F(If)5.069 +E F22.569 E F1 .473(is gi)144 136.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .473(n, and) +.15 F F0(action)3.303 E F1 .473(is not present, then)3.213 F F2(trap) +2.973 E F1 .473(displays the actions associated with each)2.973 F F0 +(sigspec)3.314 E F1(or)3.284 E(,)-.4 E .364 +(if none are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of)144 148.8 R +F2(trap)2.864 E F1 .363(commands that can be reused as shell)2.864 F +.207(input to restore the current signal dispositions.)144 160.8 R(The) +5.207 E F22.707 E F1 .207(option beha)2.707 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.707 +(ss).15 G(imilarly)-2.707 E 2.707(,b)-.65 G .208(ut displays only)-2.907 +F 1.553(the actions associated with each)144 172.8 R F0(sigspec)4.052 E +F1(ar)4.052 E(gument.)-.18 E F26.552 E F1 1.552 +(requires at least one)4.052 F F0(sigspec)4.052 E F1(ar)4.052 E(gument.) +-.18 E(The)144 184.8 Q F22.726 E F1(or)2.726 E F22.727 E F1 +.227(options to)2.727 F F2(trap)2.727 E F1 .227 +(may be used in a subshell en)2.727 F .227 +(vironment \(e.g., command substitution\))-.4 F .993 +(and, as long as the)144 196.8 R 3.493(ya)-.15 G .993(re used before) +-3.493 F F2(trap)3.493 E F1 .993(is used to change a signal')3.493 F +3.492(sh)-.55 G .992(andling, will display the)-3.492 F +(state of its parent')144 208.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(raps.)-2.5 E(The)144 +225.6 Q F23.216 E F1 .716(option causes)3.216 F F2(trap)3.216 E F1 +.716(to print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.) +3.216 F(Each)5.717 E F0(sigspec)144.34 237.6 Q F1 .709 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.519 F F0(signal.h)A F1 .709 +(>, or a signal number)B 5.708(.S)-.55 G .708(ignal names are case) +-5.708 F(insensiti)144 249.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F1(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .091(If a)144 +266.4 R F0(sigspec)2.931 E F1(is)2.901 E F3(EXIT)2.591 E F1 .091 +(\(0\) the command)2.341 F F0(action)2.921 E F1 .091(is e)2.831 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .091(cuted on e).15 F .092(xit from the shell.)-.15 F .092 +(If a)5.092 F F0(sigspec)2.932 E F1(is)2.902 E F3(DE-)2.592 E -.09(BU) +144 278.4 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 1.245(the command)3.495 +F F0(action)4.075 E F1 1.245(is e)3.985 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.244 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F0 1.244(simple command) +3.744 F F1(,)A F0(for)3.744 E F1(command,)3.744 E F0(case)3.744 E F1 +(com-)3.744 E(mand,)144 290.4 Q F0(select)2.696 E F1 .196 (command, \(\( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic) -2.697 F F1(for)2.696 E F0(command,)2.696 E .393 -(and before the \214rst command e)144 150 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .394 -(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F2 .394(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.894 F F0 -(abo)2.644 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.894(\). Refer).15 F .834 -(to the description of the)144 162 R/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)3.334 -E(ug)-.2 E F0 .833(option to the)3.334 F F4(shopt)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.333 G .833(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .833(fect on the)-.25 F F4 -(DE-)3.333 E -.1(BU)144 174 S(G).1 E F0 2.693(trap. If)2.693 F(a)2.693 E -F1(sigspec)3.033 E F0(is)3.003 E F2(RETURN)2.693 E F3(,)A F0 .194 -(the command)2.444 F F1(action)3.024 E F0 .194(is e)2.934 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .194(cuted each time a shell function or).15 F 2.5(as)144 186 S -(cript e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with the).15 E F4(.)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 -E F4(sour)2.5 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins \214nishes e).2 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .285(If a)144 204 R F1(sigspec)3.125 E F0(is) -3.095 E F2(ERR)2.784 E F3(,)A F0 .284(the command)2.534 F F1(action) -3.114 E F0 .284(is e)3.024 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .284(cuted whene).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.784(rap).15 G .284(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-2.784 +2.696 F F0(for)2.697 E F1(command,)2.697 E .394 +(and before the \214rst command e)144 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .393 +(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .393(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.893 F F1 +(abo)2.643 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.893(\). Refer).15 F .833 +(to the description of the)144 314.4 R F2(extdeb)3.333 E(ug)-.2 E F1 +.833(option to the)3.333 F F2(shopt)3.333 E F1 -.2(bu)3.333 G .834 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .834(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DE-)3.334 E +-.1(BU)144 326.4 S(G).1 E F1 2.694(trap. If)2.694 F(a)2.694 E F0 +(sigspec)3.034 E F1(is)3.004 E F3(RETURN)2.694 E F4(,)A F1 .194 +(the command)2.444 F F0(action)3.024 E F1 .194(is e)2.934 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .193(cuted each time a shell function or).15 F 2.5(as)144 338.4 S +(cript e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with the).15 E F2(.)2.5 E F1(or)2.5 +E F2(sour)2.5 E(ce)-.18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins \214nishes e).2 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .284(If a)144 355.2 R F0(sigspec)3.124 E F1(is) +3.094 E F3(ERR)2.784 E F4(,)A F1 .284(the command)2.534 F F0(action) +3.114 E F1 .284(is e)3.024 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .284(cuted whene).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.784(rap).15 G .285(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-2.784 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a\ - non\255zero e)144 216 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 -(the follo)144 228 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR) -2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 -(cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 240 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F4(while)2.887 -E F0(or)2.887 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 .778 + non\255zero e)144 367.2 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451 +(the follo)144 379.2 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR) +2.951 E F1 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 +(cuted if the f).15 F .452(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 +(mand list immediately follo)144 391.2 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F2(while) +2.888 E F1(or)2.888 E F2(until)2.888 E F1 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F0(if)2.897 E F1 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 403.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.278 E F1(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F1 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 264 R 1.28 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 -F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) -3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 276 Q(yed by the) --.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4A F0 2.5(\)o)C -(ption.)-2.5 E .07(When the shell is not interacti)144 294 R -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.57(,s).15 G .069 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)3.278 E F1(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F1 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 415.2 R +1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) +-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F +F2(!)3.78 E F1(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 427.2 Q +(yed by the)-.15 E F2(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F1(\()2.5 E F2A F1 2.5 +(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .069(When the shell is not interacti)144 444 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.569(,s).15 G .07 (ignals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.) --2.57 F(Interacti)144 306 Q .951 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .651 +-2.569 F(Interacti)144 456 Q .952 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .652 (hells permit trapping signals ignored on entry).15 F 5.651(.T)-.65 G -.652(rapped signals that are not being ig-)-6.001 F .577 -(nored are reset to their original v)144 318 R .576 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .576 -(vironment when one is created.)-.4 F(The return status is f)144 330 Q -(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 -G(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F4(true)108 -346.8 Q F0(Does nothing, returns a 0 status.)144 346.8 Q F4(type)108 -363.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 375.6 S .173 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1(name) -3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F4144 387.6 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F4(type)3.215 E F0 -.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F1(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)5.185 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F1 -(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 399.6 Q F0 .377 -(is an alias, shell reserv)3.057 F .377(ed w)-.15 F .377 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .377(uiltin, or e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378 -(cutable disk \214le, respecti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.378(.I) --.65 G 2.878(ft)-5.378 G(he)-2.878 E F1(name)144.36 411.6 Q F0 .646 -(is not found, then nothing is printed, and)3.326 F F4(type)3.146 E F0 -.645(returns a non-zero e)3.146 F .645(xit status.)-.15 F .645(If the) -5.645 F F43.145 E F0(op-)3.145 E .641(tion is used,)144 423.6 R F4 -(type)3.141 E F0 .642(either returns the name of the e)3.141 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .642(cutable \214le that w).15 F .642(ould be found by searching) --.1 F F4($P)144 435.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(if)2.616 E F1(name) -2.976 E F0 .116(were speci\214ed as a command name, or nothing if)2.796 -F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .116(type -t name)2.616 F F0 -.1(wo)2.616 G .115 -(uld not re-).1 F(turn)144 447.6 Q F1(\214le)4.499 E F0 5.089(.T).18 G -(he)-5.089 E F42.589 E F0 .089(option forces a)2.589 F F2 -.666 -(PA)2.589 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .089(search for each)2.339 F F1(name)2.589 E -F0 2.59(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.84 G 2.59(ni).15 G(f)-2.59 E F5 .09 -(type -t name)2.59 F F0 -.1(wo)2.59 G .09(uld not).1 F(return)144 459.6 -Q F1(\214le)5.246 E F0 5.836(.I).18 G 3.336(fac)-5.836 G .836 -(ommand is hashed,)-3.336 F F43.336 E F0(and)3.336 E F43.336 -E F0 .836(print the hashed v)3.336 F .836 -(alue, which is not necessarily)-.25 F .033 -(the \214le that appears \214rst in)144 471.6 R F2 -.666(PA)2.533 G(TH) --.189 E F3(.)A F0 .033(If the)4.533 F F42.533 E F0 .033 -(option is used,)2.533 F F4(type)2.533 E F0 .033 -(prints all of the places that contain)2.533 F 3.551(ac)144 483.6 S -1.051(ommand named)-3.551 F F1(name)3.911 E F0 6.051(.T).18 G 1.051 -(his includes aliases, reserv)-6.051 F 1.051(ed w)-.15 F 1.051 -(ords, functions, and b)-.1 F 1.05(uiltins, b)-.2 F 1.05(ut the)-.2 F -1.177(path search options \()144 495.6 R F4A F0(and)3.677 E F4 -3.677 E F0 3.677(\)c)C 1.178 -(an be supplied to restrict the output to e)-3.677 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.178(cutable \214les.).15 F F4(type)6.178 E F0 .035 -(does not consult the table of hashed commands when using)144 507.6 R F4 -2.535 E F0(with)2.535 E F42.535 E F0 2.535(,a)C .035 -(nd only performs a)-2.535 F F2 -.666(PA)2.535 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .911 -(search for)144 519.6 R F1(name)3.411 E F0 5.911(.T)C(he)-5.911 E F4 -3.411 E F0 .912 -(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.411 F F4 -(command)3.412 E F0 -.2(bu)3.412 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type)144 531.6 Q F0 -(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E -(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F4(ulimit)108 548.4 -Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255HS)A F0(])A F42.5 E(ulimit)108 560.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F4(\255HS)A F0 2.5(][)C F4(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 -E F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 572.4 Q .244(vides control o) --.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G .244 -(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 584.4 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F43.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F43.444 E F0 .944 -(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 596.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 -(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 608.4 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F42.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F42.926 E F0 .426 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -620.4 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 -(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 632.4 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) -C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .024 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 644.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 -(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 -(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .984 -(source is printed, unless the)144 656.4 R F43.484 E F0 .984 -(option is gi)3.484 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .985 -(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7 -(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 668.4 -R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 -680.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F4144 692.4 Q F0 -(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 692.4 Q F4 -144 704.4 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 704.4 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F4144 716.4 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 716.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 -768 Q(2023 August 31)142.895 E(84)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.651(rapped signals that are not being ig-)-6.001 F .576 +(nored are reset to their original v)144 468 R .576 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .577 +(vironment when one is created.)-.4 F(The return status is f)144 480 Q +(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(sigspec)2.84 E F1(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 +G(lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F1(returns true.)2.5 E F2(true)108 +496.8 Q F1(Does nothing, returns a 0 status.)144 496.8 Q F2(type)108 +513.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F1(])A F0(name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 +(name)A F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.4(Wi)144 525.6 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F0(name) +3.034 E F1 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +F2144 537.6 Q F1 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F2(type)3.215 E F1 +.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F0(alias)3.545 E F1(,).27 E +F0 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F1(,).77 E F0(function)5.185 E F1 +(,).24 E F0 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F1 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F0 +(\214le)5.125 E F1(if)3.395 E F0(name)144.36 549.6 Q F1 .378 +(is an alias, shell reserv)3.058 F .377(ed w)-.15 F .377 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .377(uiltin, or e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .377 +(cutable disk \214le, respecti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.377(.I) +-.65 G 2.877(ft)-5.377 G(he)-2.877 E F0(name)144.36 561.6 Q F1 .645 +(is not found, then nothing is printed, and)3.325 F F2(type)3.146 E F1 +.646(returns a non-zero e)3.146 F .646(xit status.)-.15 F .646(If the) +5.646 F F23.146 E F1(op-)3.146 E .642(tion is used,)144 573.6 R F2 +(type)3.142 E F1 .642(either returns the name of the e)3.142 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .642(cutable \214le that w).15 F .641(ould be found by searching) +-.1 F F2($P)144 585.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1(if)2.5 E F0(name)2.86 +E F1(were speci\214ed as a command name, or nothing if \231type \255t n\ +ame\232 w)2.68 E .001(ould not return)-.1 F F0(\214le)145.91 597.6 Q F1 +5.259(.T).18 G(he)-5.259 E F22.759 E F1 .259(option forces a)2.759 +F F3 -.666(PA)2.759 G(TH)-.189 E F1 .259(search for each)2.509 F F0 +(name)2.759 E F1 2.759(,e)C -.15(ve)-3.009 G 2.759(ni).15 G 2.759<6699> +-2.759 G .259(type \255t name\232 w)-2.759 F .258(ould not return)-.1 F +F0(\214le)145.91 609.6 Q F1 5.588(.I).18 G 3.088(fac)-5.588 G .588 +(ommand is hashed,)-3.088 F F23.088 E F1(and)3.088 E F23.088 +E F1 .588(print the hashed v)3.088 F .589 +(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le)-.25 F .034 +(that appears \214rst in)144 621.6 R F3 -.666(PA)2.534 G(TH)-.189 E F4 +(.)A F1 .034(If the)4.534 F F22.534 E F1 .034(option is used,) +2.534 F F2(type)2.533 E F1 .033 +(prints all of the places that contain a com-)2.533 F 1.392(mand named) +144 633.6 R F0(name)4.252 E F1 6.392(.T).18 G 1.392 +(his includes aliases, reserv)-6.392 F 1.392(ed w)-.15 F 1.392 +(ords, functions, and b)-.1 F 1.393(uiltins, b)-.2 F 1.393(ut the path) +-.2 F .145(search options \()144 645.6 R F2A F1(and)2.644 E F2 +2.644 E F1 2.644(\)c)C .144 +(an be supplied to restrict the output to e)-2.644 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .144 +(cutable \214les.).15 F F2(type)5.144 E F1 .144(does not)2.644 F .557 +(consult the table of hashed commands when using)144 657.6 R F2 +3.057 E F1(with)3.057 E F23.058 E F1 3.058(,a)C .558 +(nd only performs a)-3.058 F F3 -.666(PA)3.058 G(TH)-.189 E F1(search) +2.808 E(for)144 669.6 Q F0(name)2.758 E F1 5.258(.T)C(he)-5.258 E F2 +2.758 E F1 .258 +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)2.758 F F2 +(command)2.758 E F1 -.2(bu)2.758 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5.258 E F1(re-) +2.758 E(turns true if all of the ar)144 681.6 Q(guments are found, f) +-.18 E(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F2(ulimit)108 +698.4 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255HS)A F1(])A F22.5 E F1(GNU Bash 5.3)72 +768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(84)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 85 85 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 84 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 -G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 96 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 96 Q F1144 108 Q -F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -108 Q F1144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 120 -Q F1144 132 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 132 Q F1 -144 144 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 144 Q(ed into memory) --.1 E F1144 156 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 156 Q -2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 168 Q -F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ - not allo)180 168 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to) --.25 F(be set\))180 180 Q F1144 192 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 192 Q F1 -144 204 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -180 204 Q F1144 216 Q F0 -(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 216 Q F1144 228 Q -F0(The maximum stack size)180 228 Q F1144 240 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 240 Q F1144 252 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 252 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 264 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 264 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 276 -Q F1144 288 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 288 Q F1 -144 300 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 300 Q F1 -144 312 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \ -blocking, in microseconds)180 312 Q F1144 324 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)180 324 Q(If)144 340.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 -F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 -(no option is gi)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .67(in seconds;)144 -364.8 R F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F -F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) --3.17 F F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,) -A F1144 376.8 Q F0(,)A F13.737 E F0 3.737(,a)C(nd)-3.737 E -F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 -(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F13.736 E F0(and)3.736 E -F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are in)-3.736 F .238 -(512-byte increments.)144 388.8 R .238 -(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.238 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ulimit)108 84 Q F1([)2.5 E F2 +(\255HS)A F1 2.5(][)C F2(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F1([) +2.5 E F0(limit)A F1(]])A(Pro)144 96 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G +.244(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 +F .944(that allo)144 108 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F23.444 E F1(and)3.444 E F23.444 E F1 .943 +(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) +144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208(\ +hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a sof\ +t limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 132 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F22.925 E +F1(nor)2.925 E F22.925 E F1 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +144 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F0(limit)2.729 E F1 .139 +(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F +.742(of the special v)144 156 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F1(,)A F2 +(soft)3.241 E F1 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F1 3.241(,w) +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F0(limit)2.613 E F1 .023 +(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 +(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 +(source is printed, unless the)144 180 R F23.485 E F1 .984 +(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 +(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7 +(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 192 R +3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 204 +Q(ws:)-.25 E F2144 216 Q F1 +(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 216 Q F2 +144 228 Q F1(The maximum sock)180 228 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size) +-.25 E F2144 240 Q F1(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 +240 Q F2144 252 Q F1(The maximum size of a process')180 252 Q 2.5 +(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2144 264 Q F1 +(The maximum scheduling priority \(\231nice\232\).)180 264 Q F2144 +276 Q F1 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +276 Q F2144 288 Q F1(The maximum number of pending signals)180 288 +Q F2144 300 Q F1 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 300 Q F2 +144 312 Q F1(The maximum size that may be lock)180 312 Q(ed into memory) +-.1 E F2144 324 Q F1(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 324 Q +2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2144 336 Q +F1 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ + not allo)180 336 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 348 Q F2144 360 Q F1 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 360 Q F2 +144 372 Q F1(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +180 372 Q F2144 384 Q F1 +(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 384 Q F2144 396 Q +F1(The maximum stack size)180 396 Q F2144 408 Q F1 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 408 Q F2144 420 Q +F1(The maximum number of processes a)180 420 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F2144 432 Q F1 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 432 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 444 +Q F2144 456 Q F1(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 456 Q F2 +144 468 Q F1(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 468 Q F2 +144 480 Q F1(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \ +blocking, in microseconds)180 480 Q F2144 492 Q F1 +(The maximum number of threads)180 492 Q(If)144 508.8 Q F0(limit)3.058 E +F1 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F22.968 +E F1 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F0(limit)2.968 E F1 .468 +(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 +(no option is gi)144 520.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F2 +2.544 E F1 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F2 +2.545 E F1 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144 +532.8 R F23.17 E F1 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F +F23.17 E F1 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) +-3.17 F F23.17 E F1(,)A F23.17 E F1(,)A F23.17 E F1(,) +A F2144 544.8 Q F1(,)A F23.736 E F1 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E +F23.736 E F1 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 +(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F23.736 E F1(and)3.736 E +F23.736 E F1 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239 +(512-byte increments.)144 556.8 R .238 +(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 (lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F -(error occurs while setting a ne)144 400.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E -F1(umask)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 429.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 -5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18 +(error occurs while setting a ne)144 568.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E +F2(umask)108 585.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2A F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 +2.5(][)C F0(mode)-2.5 E F1(])A .18 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 597.6 R F0(mode)3.06 E F1 +5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F0(mode)3.06 E F1(be)2.86 E .18 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 441.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -453.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 -(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 +pted by)144 609.6 R F0 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F1(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +621.6 Q F0(mode)3.262 E F1 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F22.882 E F1 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 465.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 633.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 477.6 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 489.6 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 506.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 518.4 Q 1.057 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -3.257 E F0 .757(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.257 F(If)5.758 E -F13.258 E F0 .758(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) -3.258 F(mo)144 530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 547.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 559.2 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F2(name)4.164 E F0 -3.804(,r).18 G(emo)-3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304 -(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 -(If the)6.303 F F13.803 E F0 1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 571.2 Q F0 .464 -(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -2.965 G .465(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.769(set. If)144 583.2 R F1 -2.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.769 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 -.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) -2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .403(If the)144 595.2 R F12.903 E -F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) -2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 -(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(will be unset)2.904 F -.72(rather than the v)144 607.2 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 -5.72 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -3.219 E F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F -.736(are supplied, each)144 619.2 R F2(name)3.236 E F0 .736 -(refers to a v)3.236 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .737 -(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144 -631.2 R 3.062 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.262(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.262 F -1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 4.261(df).15 G 1.761(rom the en)-4.261 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 643.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 -(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) -.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 655.2 S -(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 --.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E -F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) -144 667.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 -E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 -679.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) -4.03 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya) --.15 G 1.779(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 691.2 Q(The e)5 E -(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(85)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(he)-3.047 E F23.047 E F1 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F0 +(mode)144.38 645.6 Q F1 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 657.6 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F0(mode)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2 +(unalias)108 674.4 Q F1<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 +1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E(Remo)144 686.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) +.15 E F0(name)3.258 E F1 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 +F(If)5.758 E F23.258 E F1 .757 +(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)3.258 F(mo)144 698.4 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F0(name)2.86 E F1 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29) +144.29 E(85)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 86 86 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(wait)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 96 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its \ -termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .659 -(may be a process)3.929 F .009 -(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 -G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008 -(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.008 E -F2(id)144.01 120 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1 -(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)108 84 Q F1<5bad>2.5 E +F2(fv)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 1.666 +(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.15(Fo)144 96 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F0 +(name)4.163 E F1 3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H +1.303(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 +(If the)6.303 F F23.804 E F1 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F0(name)144.36 108 Q F1 .465 +(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 120 R F2 +2.768 E F1 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F0(name)3.129 E F1 +.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) +2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 132 R F22.904 E F1 +.404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F0(name)2.904 E F1 .404(is a v) +2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F0(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F1 +(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F0(name)2.904 E F1 .403(will be unset)2.904 F +.719(rather than the v)144 144 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F2 +5.719 E F1 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F2 +3.22 E F1 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737 +(are supplied, each)144 156 R F0(name)3.237 E F1 .737(refers to a v) +3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736 +(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144 +168 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F +1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 180 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672(yo) +-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES).27 E +/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 192 S(SH_COMMAND).27 +E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 +G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F4(,)A F3 +(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)144 204 Q +(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)2.67 E(AME) +-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 E F4(,)A +F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 216 Q F4 +(,)A F1(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F1 1.779(are unset, the)4.029 F +4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G 1.78 +(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 228 Q(The e)5 E +(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F0(name)2.86 E F1 +(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F2(wait)108 244.8 Q F1([)2.5 E +F2(\255fn)A F1 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0(varname)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0 +(id)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.8(Wa)144 256.8 S .659(it for\ + each speci\214ed child process and return its termination status.).8 F +(Each)5.659 E F0(id)3.169 E F1 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008 +(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 268.8 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 +(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E +F0(id)144.01 280.8 Q F1 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E +F2(wait)2.942 E F1 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441 (its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598 -(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 132 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 -(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597 F F1 -3.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F1(wait)144 144 Q F0 --.1(wa)3.082 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id) -3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 E -F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)-.15 -G .583(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .404(returns its e)144 156 R .404 -(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 -(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .572 -(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 168 R .573 -(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .573 -(If the)5.573 F F13.073 E F0 .573(option is)3.073 F .39 +.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597 +(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 292.8 R F2($!)3.098 E F1 +3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 +F F23.098 E F1 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F2(wait)144 304.8 +Q F1 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F0 +(id)3.083 E F1 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 +E F0(id)3.083 E F1 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj) +-.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 316.8 R +.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 +(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573 +(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 328.8 R .573 +(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572 +(If the)5.573 F F23.072 E F1 .572(option is)3.072 F .39 (supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e) -144 180 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) -144 192 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905 +144 340.8 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) +144 352.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F0(varname)3.405 E F1 .905 (named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G .905(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.405(,b)-.65 G(efore)-3.405 E -(an)144 204 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 -(is useful only when the)3.89 F F13.89 E F0 1.39 -(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F13.89 E F0 -(option,)3.89 E .574(when job control is enabled, forces)144 216 R F1 -(wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0 -.575(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635 -(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 228 R(If)5.635 E F2(id) -3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635 -(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .801(status is 127.)144 240 R -(If)5.801 E F1(wait)3.301 E F0 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the ret\ -urn status will be greater than 128, as de-)3.301 F .02(scribed under) -144 252 R F1(SIGN)2.52 E(ALS)-.2 E F0(abo)2.52 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.02(.O) -.15 G .019(therwise, the return status is the e)-5.02 F .019 -(xit status of the last process or)-.15 F(job w)144 264 Q(aited for)-.1 -E(.)-.55 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 280.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 -G(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.354(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 -292.8 R F2 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C -1.355(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 -304.8 S .399(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.899 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.899 -E F0(,)A F1(compat40)2.899 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.899 E F0 2.899(,a)C -.399(nd so on\).)-2.899 F .398(There is only one current compatibility) -5.398 F(le)108 316.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(l-).15 G 3.253(-e)-3.253 G -.753(ach option is mutually e)-3.253 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.753(.T).15 G .753(he compatibility le)-5.753 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254 -(li).15 G 3.254(si)-3.254 G .754(ntended to allo)-3.254 F 3.254(wu)-.25 -G .754(sers to select be-)-3.254 F(ha)108 328.8 Q 1.084(vior from pre) --.2 F 1.084(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne) --.15 F 1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.583(ym)-.15 G -1.083(igrate scripts to use)-3.583 F(current features and beha)108 340.8 -Q(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G -(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.456 -(This section does not mention beha)108 357.6 R 1.457 -(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.457 -(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F1(compat32)3.957 E F0 .887 -(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 369.6 R(ge)-.15 E .886 -(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .886 -(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 381.6 Q +(an)144 364.8 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 +(is useful only when the)3.89 F F23.89 E F1 1.39 +(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F23.89 E F1 +(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 376.8 R F2 +(wait)3.075 E F1 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F0(id)3.075 E F1 +.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635 +(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 388.8 R(If)5.635 E F0 +(id)3.145 E F1 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635 +(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 400.8 +R(If)5.801 E F2(wait)3.301 E F1 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the re\ +turn status will be greater than 128, as de-)3.301 F .019(scribed under) +144 412.8 R F2(SIGN)2.519 E(ALS)-.2 E F1(abo)2.519 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +5.019(.O).15 G .019(therwise, the return status is the e)-5.019 F .02 +(xit status of the last process or)-.15 F(job w)144 424.8 Q(aited for) +-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 441.6 Q -1.04(AT) +-.81 G(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F1 1.355 +(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 453.6 R F0 1.355 +(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F1 3.855(,s)C 1.354 +(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 465.6 S +.621(iltin \().2 F F2(compat31)A F1(,)A F2(compat32)3.121 E F1(,)A F2 +(compat40)3.121 E F1(,)A F2(compat41)3.121 E F1 3.121(,a)C .621 +(nd so on\).)-3.121 F .622(There is only one current compatibility)5.622 +F(le)108 477.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.058<6c8a>.15 G .557 +(each option is mutually e)-.001 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.557 +(.T).15 G .557(he compatibility le)-5.557 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.057(li).15 +G 3.057(si)-3.057 G .557(ntended to allo)-3.057 F 3.057(wu)-.25 G .557 +(sers to select be-)-3.057 F(ha)108 489.6 Q 1.083(vior from pre)-.2 F +1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F +1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.584(ym)-.15 G 1.084 +(igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 501.6 Q +(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G +(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.457 +(This section does not mention beha)108 518.4 R 1.457 +(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.456 +(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F2(compat32)3.956 E F1 .886 +(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 530.4 R(ge)-.15 E .886 +(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .887 +(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 542.4 Q (ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and subsequent v)-.2 E(ersions\).)-.15 -E .522(If a user enables, say)108 398.4 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E -F0 3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha) --.25 F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(ls up to and includ-).15 F .26(ing the current compatibility le)108 -410.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(l. The).15 F .259 -(idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(lc).15 -G .259(ontrols beha)-2.759 F .259(vior that changed)-.2 F 1.645 -(in that v)108 422.4 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F1(bash)4.146 E F0 4.146 -(,b)C 1.646(ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 -.15 -(ve b)-.2 H 1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. F)-.15 F -1.646(or instance, the)-.15 F .761 -(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 434.4 R F1([[)3.261 -E F0 .76(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .76 -(ersions used)-.15 F 1.904(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 -446.4 R F1(compat32)4.404 E F0 1.905 -(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.404 F(That)6.905 E .296 -(granularity may not be suf)108 458.4 R .296 +E .523(If a user enables, say)108 559.2 R(,)-.65 E F2(compat32)3.023 E +F1 3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha) +-.25 F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .522 +(ls up to and includ-).15 F .259(ing the current compatibility le)108 +571.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(l. The).15 F .259 +(idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(lc).15 G +.26(ontrols beha)-2.76 F .26(vior that changed)-.2 F 1.646(in that v)108 +583.2 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F2(bash)4.146 E F1 4.146(,b)C 1.646 +(ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. F)-.15 F 1.645 +(or instance, the)-.15 F .76 +(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 595.2 R F2([[)3.261 +E F1 .761(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .761 +(ersions used)-.15 F 1.905(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 +607.2 R F2(compat32)4.405 E F1 1.904 +(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.405 F(That)6.904 E .295 +(granularity may not be suf)108 619.2 R .296 (\214cient for all uses, and as a result users should emplo)-.25 F 2.796 -(yc)-.1 G .295(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .295(ls care-).15 -F(fully)108 470.4 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \ -feature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .531 -(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 487.2 R 3.031(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.031 -F(ariable:)-.25 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E --.855(AT)-.666 G/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.).855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F -.531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .532(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)108 499.2 S .108(rsion number lik).15 F 2.608(e4)-.1 G .108 -(.2, or an inte)-2.608 F .108(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F1(compat) -2.607 E F2(NN)A F0 .107(option, lik)2.607 F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107 -(2\) determines the com-)-2.607 F(patibility le)108 511.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(l.).15 E .386(Starting with bash-4.4,)108 528 R F1(bash)2.887 E F0 -.387(has be)2.887 F .387(gun deprecating older compatibility le)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.887(ls. Ev).15 F(entually)-.15 E 2.887(,t)-.65 G .387 -(he options will)-2.887 F(be remo)108 540 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(di).15 G -2.5(nf)-2.5 G -.2(avo)-2.6 G 2.5(ro).2 G(f)-2.5 E F4 -.27(BA)2.5 G -(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F5(.).855 E F0 1.164 -(Bash-5.0 is the \214nal v)108 556.8 R 1.164 -(ersion for which there will be an indi)-.15 F 1.163 -(vidual shopt option for the pre)-.25 F 1.163(vious v)-.25 F(ersion.) --.15 E(Users should use)108 568.8 Q F4 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855 -(AT)-.666 G F0(on bash-5.0 and later v)3.105 E(ersions.)-.15 E 1.613 -(The follo)108 585.6 R 1.613(wing table describes the beha)-.25 F 1.613 -(vior changes controlled by each compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.113(ls).15 G 4.114(etting. The)-4.113 F F1(compat)108 597.6 Q F2(NN)A -F0 1.186(tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility le)3.686 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.686(lt).15 G(o)-3.686 E F2(NN)3.686 E F0 1.186 -(using one of the follo)3.686 F(wing)-.25 E 3.806(mechanisms. F)108 -609.6 R 1.306(or v)-.15 F 1.306 -(ersions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.807(lm).15 G 1.307(ay be set using the corresponding)-3.807 F F1 -(compat)108 621.6 Q F2(NN)A F0 .502(shopt option.)3.002 F -.15(Fo)5.502 -G 3.002(rb).15 G .502(ash-4.3 and later v)-3.002 F .502(ersions, the) --.15 F F4 -.27(BA)3.002 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F0 -.25(va) -3.607 G .502(riable is preferred, and it).25 F -(is required for bash-5.1 and later v)108 633.6 Q(ersions.)-.15 E F1 -(compat31)108 650.4 Q F0<83>144 662.4 Q(quoting the rhs of the)180 662.4 -Q F1([[)2.5 E F0(command')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G -.15(eg)-2.5 G -.15(ex).15 -G 2.5(pm).15 G(atching operator \(=\001\) has no special ef)-2.5 E(fect) --.25 E F1(compat32)108 679.2 Q F0<83>144 691.2 Q .35 -(interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the e)180 691.2 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .35(cution of the ne).15 F .35(xt command)-.15 F .018 -(in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 703.2 R .018 -(ersions, the shell acts as if it recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.517(dt) -.15 G .017(he interrupt, so in-)-2.517 F -(terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 715.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cution of the entire list\)).15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q -(2023 August 31)142.895 E(86)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(yc)-.1 G .296(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .296(ls care-).15 +F(fully)108 631.2 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \ +feature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .532 +(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 648 R 3.032(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.032 F +(ariable:)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F4(.) +.855 E F1 .531(The v)5.031 F .531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .531 +(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15(ve)108 660 S .107(rsion number lik).15 +F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107(.2, or an inte)-2.607 F .107 +(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F2(compat)2.608 E F0(NN)A F1 .108 +(option, lik)2.608 F 2.608(e4)-.1 G .108(2\) determines the com-)-2.608 +F(patibility le)108 672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E .387 +(Starting with bash-4.4,)108 688.8 R F2(bash)2.887 E F1 .387(has be) +2.887 F .387(gun deprecating older compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.887(ls. Ev).15 F(entually)-.15 E 2.887(,t)-.65 G .387 +(he options will)-2.887 F(be remo)108 700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(di).15 +G 2.5(nf)-2.5 G -.2(avo)-2.6 G 2.5(ro).2 G(f)-2.5 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G +(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F4(.).855 E F1 .647(Bash-5.0 w)108 717.6 +R .647(as the \214nal v)-.1 F .647 +(ersion for which there will be an indi)-.15 F .647 +(vidual shopt option for the pre)-.25 F .648(vious v)-.25 F(ersion.)-.15 +E(Users should control the compatibility le)108 729.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(lw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +F4(.).855 E F1(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(86)193.45 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 87 87 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(compat40)108 84 Q F0<83>144 96 Q(the)180 96 Q F1(<)2.673 E F0(and) -2.673 E F1(>)2.673 E F0 .173(operators to the)2.673 F F1([[)2.673 E F0 -.173(command do not consider the current locale when compar)2.673 F(-) --.2 E .923(ing strings; the)180 108 R 3.423(yu)-.15 G .923 -(se ASCII ordering.)-3.423 F F1(Bash)5.922 E F0 -.15(ve)3.422 G .922 -(rsions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII colla-).15 F .366(tion and)180 120 R -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.207 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .367 +/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF +138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH) +.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E 1.614(The follo)108 84 R 1.613 +(wing table describes the beha)-.25 F 1.613 +(vior changes controlled by each compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +4.113(ls).15 G 4.113(etting. 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