diff --git a/array.h b/array.h index 27ab6be0..dc9f564e 100644 --- a/array.h +++ b/array.h @@ -121,4 +121,7 @@ extern ARRAY *array_from_string __P((char *, char *)); #define ALL_ELEMENT_SUB(c) ((c) == '@' || (c) == '*') +/* In eval.c, but uses ARRAY_ELEMENT * */ +extern int execute_array_command PARAMS((ARRAY_ELEMENT *, void *)); + #endif /* _ARRAY_H_ */ diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 7b9a7819..3385726f 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -1309,11 +1309,9 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the command _s_e_t _-_o _p_o_s_i_x had been executed. When the shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it sets this variable if it was not already set. - PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS - If this array variable is set, the value of each set element is - executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. If - this is not set, but PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD is set to a value, its value - is used as a command to execute instead. + PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD + If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each + primary prompt. PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding @@ -1429,22 +1427,14 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form - _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e may be of the form [_s_u_b_- + _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but _s_t_r_i_n_g. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero. - When assigning to an associative array, the words in a compound assign- - ment may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is - required, or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of al- - ternating keys and values: _n_a_m_e=(( _k_e_y_1 _v_a_l_u_e_1 _k_e_y_2 _v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)). These - are treated identically to _n_a_m_e=(( [_k_e_y_1]=_v_a_l_u_e_1 [_k_e_y_2]=_v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)). - The first word in the list determines how the remaining words are in- - terpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type. When - using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty; a final - missing value is treated like the empty string. + When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required. This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax in- @@ -1835,15 +1825,6 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a single letter: - UU The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper- - case. - uu The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with the first character converted to uppercase, if it is - alphabetic. - LL The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower- - case. QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r quoted in a format that can be reused as input. EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r @@ -1855,9 +1836,6 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will recreate _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with its attributes and value. - KK Identical to AA, except that it prints compound assignment - statements that recreate associative arrays as a sequence - of key-value pairs (see AArrrraayyss above). aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- resenting _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r's attributes. @@ -3533,14 +3511,10 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE if the current Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. - cclleeaarr--ddiissppllaayy ((MM--CC--ll)) - Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback - buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line - at the top of the screen. cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) - Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the cur- - rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh - the current line without clearing the screen. + Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the + screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without + clearing the screen. rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee Refresh the current line. @@ -4643,8 +4617,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. - ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiiIIllnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiiIIllnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] + ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] + ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used @@ -4661,13 +4635,9 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a shell func- - tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The --II option causes - local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f - attribute) and value of any existing variable with the same _n_a_m_e - at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the - local variable is initially unset. The following options can be - used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri- - bute or to give variables attributes: + tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The following options + can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified + attribute or to give variables attributes: --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss @@ -6000,7 +5970,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. - uulliimmiitt [--HHSSaabbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPRRTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] + uulliimmiitt [--HHSSaabbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] Provides control over the resources available to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set @@ -6041,19 +6011,16 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals - --RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before - blocking, in microseconds --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp, - which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and - --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and - --ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 - unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error - occurs while setting a new limit. + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte + blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; + and, when in posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre- + ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu- + ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with @@ -6242,4 +6209,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 5.0 2020 March 24 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.0 2020 January 29 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index e69e0771..fedce5fd 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 2565f3f2..ef45b19c 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Wed Mar 25 09:55:09 2020 +%%CreationDate: Wed Jan 29 14:04:11 2020 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 4 -%%Pages: 82 +%%Pages: 81 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(1)198.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(1)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -463,8 +463,8 @@ F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 -F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(2)198.45 E -0 Cg EP +F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(2)195.95 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ F .389(wed by)-.25 F F2(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 722.4 Q (gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E (guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(3)198.45 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(3)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -715,8 +715,8 @@ or more pipelines separated by the)108 597.6 R F2(&&)2.672 E F0(and) (returns a non-zero e)2.935 F .435(xit status.)-.15 F .434 (The return status of AND)5.434 F(and OR lists is the e)108 705.6 Q (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted in the list.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E -(4)198.45 E 0 Cg EP +(cuted in the list.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E +(4)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -849,7 +849,8 @@ F0 1.13(is the portion of the)3.63 F(string matching the)144 679.2 Q F2 (n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .786 (Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 697.2 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 -709.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(5)198.45 E 0 Cg EP +709.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(5)195.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1000,8 +1001,8 @@ F1(elif)2.977 E F2(list)2.977 E F0 1.087(is e)144 712.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.24(command completes.)144 724.8 R 1.24(Otherwise, the)6.24 F F1(else) 3.74 E F2(list)3.74 E F0 1.239(is e)3.739 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.239 (cuted, if present.).15 F 1.239(The e)6.239 F 1.239(xit status is the e) --.15 F(xit)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(6)198.45 -E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F(xit)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(6) +195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1141,7 +1142,7 @@ F(ord)-.1 E .605 1.336(option enabled does not allo)3.836 F 3.836(wc)-.25 G 3.836 (omments. 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using).1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(9)198.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(9)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1525,8 +1526,8 @@ F0 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 715.2 R F1(bash) F1($$)2.687 E F0 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F .548 (stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 727.2 R F1(bash) 3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .549(Assignments to)5.549 -F F2 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24) -144.29 E(10)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F F2 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(10)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1644,7 +1645,7 @@ E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005 -.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 684 R(x)-.15 E F4(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E(sion.)144 696 -Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(11)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(11)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1756,7 +1757,7 @@ F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 690 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) -.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 714 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) -.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(12)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(12)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1865,7 +1866,7 @@ F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 666 Q F3 (belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294 (xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 (iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 702 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(13)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(13)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1969,8 +1970,8 @@ E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 712.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 (bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 (alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 724.8 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(14)193.45 -E 0 Cg EP +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(14) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2088,7 +2089,7 @@ F0 5.117(.F)C .116 (honors the setting of the)144 672 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.) 2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 684 Q F0(The def)144 696 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(15)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(15)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2213,7 +2214,7 @@ F1(HOME)108 684 Q F0 1.27 -.1 F 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v)144 384 R +(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 348 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 360 Q F0 .064(The v)144 360 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) 2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 396 R +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 372 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 408 Q F0 .118(The v)144 408 R .118 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 384 Q F0 .118(The v)144 384 R .118 (alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) 2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) -5.117 E(def)144 420 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 432 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 432 R 1.115 +5.117 E(def)144 396 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 408 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 408 R 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) 3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) -144 444 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 456 Q F0 -.101(The v)144 456 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 +144 420 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 432 Q F0 +.101(The v)144 432 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 (xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 468 Q F0 .334 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 444 Q F0 .334 (displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335 (alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F -(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 480 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 +(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 456 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E (The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1 -(SHELL)108 492 Q F0 .543(This v)144 504 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543 +(SHELL)108 468 Q F0 .543(This v)144 480 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543 (xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .542 (If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F1(bash)3.042 E F0 -(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 516 Q 2.5(sl) --.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 528 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v) -144 540 R .826 +(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 492 Q 2.5(sl) +-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 504 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v) +144 516 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F 3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 552 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 528 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 (reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F (The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 564 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +(an escape sequence that is e)144 540 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F .712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 576 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 594 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)194 594 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 606 Q F4(p)A F1 -(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 606 Q F1(%[)144 618 Q F4(p) -A F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 618 Q -F1(%[)144 630 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 630 Q F1(%P)144 642 -Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 642 Q .87 -(The optional)144 658.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +(and their meanings are as follo)144 552 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 570 Q F0 2.5 +(Al)194 570 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 582 Q F4(p)A F1 +(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 582 Q F1(%[)144 594 Q F4(p) +A F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 594 Q +F1(%[)144 606 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 606 Q F1(%P)144 618 +Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 618 Q .87 +(The optional)144 634.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 (he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) -144 670.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +144 646.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 (lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 (At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 682.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 658.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4 (p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 694.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 711.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 +F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 670.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 687.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 723.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(18)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 699.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 +(If this v)144 716.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +144 728.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 9.292 +(.I)C 6.792(ft)-9.292 G 4.292(he v)-6.792 F 4.292 +(alue is null, no timing information is)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(18)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 13.365(If this v) -144 84 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) -15.865 E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1 -($\010\\nr)144 96 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 -7.113(.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 -(alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 -108 R(trailing ne)2.5 E -(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108 -120 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 132 R .941(alue greater than zero,)-.25 -F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 -F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 144 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F -.886(ing from a terminal.)144 156 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 -(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 168 S -1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 -(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 -F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 180 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 192 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 204 R F1 -(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(displayed. A) +144 84 R(trailing ne)2.5 E +(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)108 96 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 108 R .941 +(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 +.941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 +-.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 120 Q F1 +(select)2.81 E F0 .31(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F +.611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311 +(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 132 R +.886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 +F .885(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 +144 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F +F1(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that) +-.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 +156 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 168 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 180 +R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 (alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 216 Q 2.5(su)-.55 G -(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 228 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 240 R .53 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 192 Q 2.5(su)-.55 G +(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 204 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 216 R .53 (ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 (he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 252 R +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 228 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 264 S .366(isting stopped job) + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 240 S .366(isting stopped job) .15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 (wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F 1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -276 R(The)6.125 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 -(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 288 Q 1.132 +252 R(The)6.125 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 +(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 264 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) 6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 (he string supplied must)-3.633 F .606 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 300 R .606(xactly; if set to)-.15 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 276 R .606(xactly; if set to)-.15 F F3(substring)3.445 E F0 3.105(,t).22 G .605 (he string supplied needs to match a)-3.105 F .884 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 312 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 288 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) -5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 324 Q F1(%?)3.334 E F0 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 300 Q F1(%?)3.334 E F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) -.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 336 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 312 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 (ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 348 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(histchars)108 360 Q F0 .546(The tw)144 372 R 3.046(oo)-.1 G 3.046(rt) +F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 324 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(histchars)108 336 Q F0 .546(The tw)144 348 R 3.046(oo)-.1 G 3.046(rt) -3.046 G .546(hree characters which control history e)-3.046 F .545 (xpansion and tok)-.15 F .545(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)3.045 E(OR) --.162 E 2.795(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.795 E -.666(PA)144 384 S(NSION).666 E F0 +-.162 E 2.795(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.795 E -.666(PA)144 360 S(NSION).666 E F0 (belo)2.987 E 3.237(w\). The)-.25 F .737(\214rst character is the)3.237 F F3 .737(history e)3.237 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.238 E 3.238 (,t)-.4 G .738(he character which sig-)-3.238 F .761 -(nals the start of a history e)144 396 R .761(xpansion, normally `)-.15 +(nals the start of a history e)144 372 R .761(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.261('. The)B .76(second character is the)3.261 F F3(quic) -3.26 E 3.26(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-3.26 E F0(character)144 408 Q 3.476 +3.26 E 3.26(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-3.26 E F0(character)144 384 Q 3.476 (,w)-.4 G .977(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-3.476 F .977(vious command entered, substituting)-.25 F .131 -(one string for another in the command.)144 420 R .131(The def)5.131 F +(one string for another in the command.)144 396 R .131(The def)5.131 F .131(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 2.63('. The)B .13 (optional third character is the char)2.63 F(-)-.2 E .276(acter which i\ ndicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \ -\214rst character)144 432 R .46(of a w)144 444 R .46(ord, normally `)-.1 +\214rst character)144 408 R .46(of a w)144 420 R .46(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 2.959('. The)B .459 (history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped) -2.959 F .466(for the remaining w)144 456 R .466(ords on the line.)-.1 F +2.959 F .466(for the remaining w)144 432 R .466(ords on the line.)-.1 F .467(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest) -5.467 F(of the line as a comment.)144 468 Q F1(Arrays)87 484.8 Q(Bash) -108 496.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 +5.467 F(of the line as a comment.)144 444 Q F1(Arrays)87 460.8 Q(Bash) +108 472.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) -.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 -(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 508.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 484.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.329(an array)108 520.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +.329(an array)108 496.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) -.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F 5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 -(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 532.8 R +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 508.8 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 -544.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +520.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 561.6 R -.15(xe) +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 537.6 R -.15(xe) -.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 573.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A +F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 549.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 5.506(.T)C(he)-5.506 E F3(subscript)3.346 E F0 .507 (is treated as an arithmetic e)3.687 F .507(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .507(luate to a number).25 F 5.507(.T)-.55 G 3.007(oe) --6.307 G(x-)-3.157 E 1.193(plicitly declare an inde)108 585.6 R -.15(xe) +-6.307 G(x-)-3.157 E 1.193(plicitly declare an inde)108 561.6 R -.15(xe) -.15 G 3.693(da).15 G(rray)-3.693 E 3.693(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.693 E F1 (declar)3.693 E 3.693<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.693 E F3(name)3.693 E F0(\(see) 3.692 E F2 1.192(SHELL B)3.692 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.192(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F -F0(belo)3.442 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(de-)6.192 E(clar)108 597.6 Q 2.5<65ad> +F0(belo)3.442 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(de-)6.192 E(clar)108 573.6 Q 2.5<65ad> -.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0 (is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E -(Associati)108 614.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E +(Associati)108 590.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 -631.2 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 +607.2 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 (ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F -(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 643.2 Q +(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 619.2 Q (.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 660 R +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 636 R F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 (... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F3(value)108 672 Q F0 .211(may be of the form [)2.711 F F3 -(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 5.211(.I)C(nde)-5.211 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.711(da).15 G .212(rray assignments do not require an)-2.711 F .212 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)2.712 E F0(.)A .164 -(When assigning to inde)108 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 +-4.147 F F3(value)108 648 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F3 +(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +(When assigning to inde)108 660 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 (ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 -(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E .459(to; otherwise the inde)108 696 R +(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E .459(to; otherwise the inde)108 672 R 2.959(xo)-.15 G 2.959(ft)-2.959 G .459 (he element assigned is the last inde)-2.959 F 2.96(xa)-.15 G .46 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-2.96 F(In-)5.46 E(de)108 708 Q -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E 1.288(When assigning to an associati)108 -724.8 R 1.588 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 3.788(,t)-.65 G 1.288(he w) --3.788 F 1.288(ords in a compound assignment may be either assignment) --.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(19)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-2.96 F(In-)5.46 E(de)108 684 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 700.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) +-2.5 E .24(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 717.6 R F1(declar) +2.74 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 +729.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 3.72 +(syntax introduced abo)6.22 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 8.72(.W).15 G 3.72 +(hen assigning to an inde)-8.72 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 6.22(da).15 G(rray) +-6.22 E 6.22(,i)-.65 G(f)-6.22 E F3(name)6.58 E F0(is)6.4 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(19)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .608 -(statements, for which the subscript is required, or a list of w)108 84 -R .608(ords that is interpreted as a sequence of alter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E -1.957(nating k)108 96 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.457(sa).15 G 1.957(nd v)-4.457 F -(alues:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.457 E F0(=)A/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()A F1 -.1(ke)4.457 G 1.957(y1 value1 k)-.2 F -.3(ey) --.1 G 4.457(2v).3 G(alue2)-4.457 E F0(...)4.457 E F2(\))A F0 6.957(.T)C -1.956(hese are treated identically to)-6.957 F F1(name)4.456 E F0(=)A F2 -(\()A F0([)108 108 Q F1 -.1(ke)C(y1)-.2 E F0(]=)A F1(value1)A F0([)3.132 -E F1 -.1(ke)C(y2)-.2 E F0(]=)A F1(value2)A F0(...)3.132 E F2(\))A F0 -5.632(.T)C .632(he \214rst w)-5.632 F .633 -(ord in the list determines ho)-.1 F 3.133(wt)-.25 G .633 -(he remaining w)-3.133 F .633(ords are inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .154 -(preted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type.)108 120 R -.153(When using k)5.153 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(/v).15 E .153(alue pairs, the k) --.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.653(sm).15 G .153(ay not be)-2.653 F -(missing or empty; a \214nal missing v)108 132 Q(alue is treated lik) --.25 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(he empty string.)-2.5 E .239 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 148.8 R F2(declar)2.739 E(e) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F1(name)108 -160.8 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 -(hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F1(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) -4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 172.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(of)108 184.8 Q F1(name)2.677 E F0 2.677(,s)C 2.677(on)-2.677 G -2.25 --.15(eg a)-2.677 H(ti).15 E .477 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .177 -(ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 2.677(,a)-.65 G .177 -(nd an inde)-2.677 F 2.676(xo)-.15 G 2.676<66ad>-2.676 G 2.676(1r)-2.676 -G .176(eferences the last el-)-2.676 F(ement.)108 196.8 Q(An)108 213.6 Q -3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.575 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 225.6 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1 -(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F2(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E -F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 237.6 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 249.6 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B -.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .79 +(subscripted by a ne)108 84 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.09 -.15(ve n) +-.25 H(umber).15 E 3.29(,t)-.4 G .79 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-3.29 F 1.09 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.29 +(oo).15 G .79(ne greater than the maximum)-3.29 F(inde)108 96 Q 2.929 +(xo)-.15 G(f)-2.929 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.929 E F0 2.929(,s)C +2.929(on)-2.929 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.929 H(ti).15 E .729 -.15(ve i)-.25 +H .429(ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 2.929(,a)-.65 G +.429(nd an inde)-2.929 F 2.929(xo)-.15 G 2.929<66ad>-2.929 G 2.929(1r) +-2.929 G .429(eferences the)-2.929 F(last element.)108 108 Q(An)108 +124.8 Q 3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076 +(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.576 F F1(name)A F0([)A +F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075(braces are required to a)3.575 F +-.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541(con\215icts with pathname e)108 136.8 R 4.041 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C +1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541(xpands to all members of) +-.15 F F1(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057(These subscripts dif)108 148.8 R +1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 160.8 Q F1(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B +.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 261.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 -(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 -([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 -(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 -(there are no array members, ${)108 273.6 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B -2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F -2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 285.6 R .759 +1.375(of the)108 172.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375 +(special v)3.625 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 +([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.374 +(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027 +(there are no array members, ${)108 184.8 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B +2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F +2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759(within a w)108 196.8 R .759 (ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 -297.6 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 309.6 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 +208.8 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 +F .228(to the e)108 220.8 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 -(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 321.6 +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 +(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 232.8 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F2(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 333.6 -R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 244.8 +R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 -(luates to a number).25 F .629 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 345.6 R .929 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G -3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(indices count back from the end of the array)108 357.6 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G +2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 +(luates to a number).25 F .628 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 256.8 R .928 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G +3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(indices count back from the end of the array)108 268.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 -374.4 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G +285.6 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .595(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An) -108 386.4 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 +108 297.6 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E -F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 403.2 +F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 314.4 Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 420 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 -(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 432 S .749 +.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 331.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F2 +(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 343.2 S .75 (pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 -(he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 444 -Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 460.8 Q F2(unset)2.767 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 +(he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 +355.2 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 372 Q F2(unset)2.766 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G (rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 472.8 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358 -(or both inde)-2.858 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G .358(nd associati) --2.858 F .658 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.858(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) -.05 E .658 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .358(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.858(da).15 G .358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.205 -(scribed abo)108 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.205(.U).15 G 1.205 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.205 F 1.204 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F2(unset)6.204 E F1 -(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(where)108 496.8 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 -E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F2(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1 -(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0 -(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .028(When using a v)108 513.6 R .028 -(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .029 -(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.529 E F0 2.529(,w)C -.029(ithout us-)-2.529 F .938(ing the w)108 525.6 R .938(ord e)-.1 F -.938(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(,t).15 G -.937(he ar)-3.437 F .937(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.437 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.437 E(name e)108 537.6 Q +-.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 384 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358(or both inde) +-2.858 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G .358(nd associati)-2.858 F .658 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.858(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .658 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .358(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G +.358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.204(scribed abo)108 396 R +-.15(ve)-.15 G 6.204(.U).15 G 1.204 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.204 F 1.205 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F2(unset)6.205 E F1 +(name)3.705 E F0(,)A(where)108 408 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E +2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F2(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1(subscript) +A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 +(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .029(When using a v)108 424.8 R .029 +(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .028 +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.528 E F0 2.528(,w)C +.028(ithout us-)-2.528 F .937(ing the w)108 436.8 R .937(ord e)-.1 F +.937(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(,t).15 G +.937(he ar)-3.437 F .938(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.438 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.438 E(name e)108 448.8 Q (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E -(The)108 554.4 Q F2(declar)2.683 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)2.683 E F0 -2.683(,a)C(nd)-2.683 E F2 -.18(re)2.683 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G +(The)108 465.6 Q F2(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)2.684 E F0 +2.684(,a)C(nd)-2.684 E F2 -.18(re)2.684 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .184(iltins each accept a).2 F F22.684 E F0 .184 -(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.684(da).15 G .184 -(rray and a)-2.684 F F22.684 E F0(op-)2.684 E .042 -(tion to specify an associati)108 566.4 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.683(da).15 G .183 +(rray and a)-2.683 F F22.683 E F0(op-)2.683 E .041 +(tion to specify an associati)108 477.6 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.041(.I)-.65 G 2.541(fb)-5.041 G .041(oth options are supplied,) -2.541 F F22.541 E F0(tak)2.541 E .041(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.041 E F2 -.18(re)2.541 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.541 G .041(iltin ac-).2 -F .863(cepts a)108 578.4 R F23.363 E F0 .864 -(option to assign a list of w)3.363 F .864 -(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.864(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.864 E F2(set)3.364 E F0(and)3.364 E F2(declar)3.364 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 590.4 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +5.041 E F2 -.18(re)2.542 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.542 G .042(iltin ac-).2 +F .864(cepts a)108 489.6 R F23.364 E F0 .864 +(option to assign a list of w)3.364 F .864 +(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.863(.T)-.65 G(he) +-5.863 E F2(set)3.363 E F0(and)3.363 E F2(declar)3.363 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 501.6 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 607.2 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 619.2 R 3.26 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 518.4 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ +rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 530.4 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 631.2 S .2(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) -2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201(tilde e) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 542.4 S .201(pansion performed:).15 F F1 +(br)2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201(tilde e) 2.831 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)3.951 E .201 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201 -(command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 643.2 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .2 +(command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 554.4 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) 2.83 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting) -2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0 -(.).24 E .419(The order of e)108 660 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F -.418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 -(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 672 S -.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 684 Q .257 -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 700.8 R -.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 -E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 712.8 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +(.).24 E .418(The order of e)108 571.2 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 +F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F +.419(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 583.2 +S .196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 +F .195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion.)108 595.2 Q .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 612 R .257 +(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 624 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .002(After these e)108 729.6 R .003 +-.15 E .003(After these e)108 640.8 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 -(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 -E(20)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 +(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 652.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 +E F0(\).)A .171(Only brace e)108 669.6 R .171(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 +(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171 +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .172(ords of the e)-.1 F +(x-)-.15 E .777(pansion; other e)108 681.6 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F +.776(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276 +(ord. The)-.1 F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e) +-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .695(pansions of ")108 693.6 R F2($@)A F0 3.195("a)C +.695(nd ")-3.195 F F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 .696 +(", and, in most cases,)B F2($*)3.196 E F0(and)3.196 E F2(${)3.196 E F1 +(name)A F2([*]})A F0 .696(as e)3.196 F .696(xplained abo)-.15 F .996 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)3.196 G(-).666 E(RAMETERS)108 +705.6 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(20)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ha)108 84 Q .3 --.15(ve b)-.2 H(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 E F0(\).)A .172 -(Only brace e)108 100.8 R .172(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 -(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .171(ords of the e)-.1 F -(x-)-.15 E .776(pansion; other e)108 112.8 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F -.776(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276 -(ord. The)-.1 F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e) --.15 F(x-)-.15 E .696(pansions of ")108 124.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -($@)A F0 3.196("a)C .696(nd ")-3.196 F F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 -.696(", and, in most cases,)B F2($*)3.196 E F0(and)3.196 E F2(${)3.196 E -F1(name)A F2([*]})A F0 .695(as e)3.196 F .695(xplained abo)-.15 F .995 --.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.195 G(-).666 -E(RAMETERS)108 136.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 -153.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 165.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Brace Expansion)87 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Br)108.58 96 Q .606 +(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 177.6 Q F1 .415 -(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 108 Q F2 .415(pathname e) +2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .073(form of an optional)108 189.6 R F1(pr)3.823 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .074(form of an optional)108 120 R F2(pr)3.823 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.573(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.573 E .073 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .49(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 201.6 R -.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.489(.T).68 G -.489(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.489 F .489(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 -(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 213.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 225.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 242.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 -F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .489(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 132 R .489 +(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.49(.T).68 G .49 +(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.49 F .49(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(cont\ +ained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each re\ +sulting string, e)108 144 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 156 +Q .718(Brace e)108 172.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 +(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 254.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) -108 271.2 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 -(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.242 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A -F2(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F1(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F1(y) -3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 283.2 Q F1(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G +108 184.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) +108 201.6 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 +(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A +F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y) +3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 213.6 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 -295.2 R F1(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F1(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) --2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .078 -(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 -(same width.)108 307.2 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or) -2.515 E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 +225.6 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077 +(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 +(same width.)108 237.6 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or) +2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 319.2 R +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 249.6 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 331.2 S 1.064(pands to each character le) -.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E -F1(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .244 -(that both)108 343.2 R F1(x)2.744 E F0(and)2.744 E F1(y)2.744 E F0 .244 -(must be of the same type.)2.744 F .245 -(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.245 F .245 -(ference be-)-.25 F(tween each term.)108 355.2 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 372 -R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 -(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 384 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 396 Q(xt of the e) --.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 2.502(Ac) -108 412.8 S .002(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.502 F .001(xpansion must co\ -ntain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one un-)-.15 F -.457(quoted comma or a v)108 424.8 R .458(alid sequence e)-.25 F 2.958 -(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458(ncorrectly formed brace e) --2.958 F .458(xpansion is left unchanged.)-.15 F(A)108 436.8 Q F2({) -2.522 E F0(or)2.522 E F2(,)2.522 E F0 .022 -(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .021 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.521(xpression. T)-.15 -F 2.521(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.721 G(id).2 E .172 -(con\215icts with parameter e)108 448.8 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 -F F2(${)2.672 E F0 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F -.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 460.8 Q -(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F2(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 261.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le) +.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E +F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .245 +(that both)108 273.6 R F2(x)2.745 E F0(and)2.745 E F2(y)2.745 E F0 .245 +(must be of the same type.)2.745 F .244 +(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.245 F .244 +(ference be-)-.25 F(tween each term.)108 285.6 Q(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 +302.4 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 +(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 +(are preserv)108 314.4 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 +(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 326.4 Q +(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) +-.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 343.2 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(\ +xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\ + one un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 355.2 R .458 +(alid sequence e)-.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .457(xpansion is left unchanged.) +-.15 F(A)108 367.2 Q F1({)2.521 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(,)2.521 E F0 .021 +(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.521 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.522(xpression. T)-.15 +F 2.522(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.722 G(id).2 E .172 +(con\215icts with parameter e)108 379.2 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 +F F1(${)2.672 E F0 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F +.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 391.2 Q +(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ -gs to be generated is)108 477.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 489.6 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 -506.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 518.4 Q(cho)144 -530.4 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 -E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 547.2 R .618 +gs to be generated is)108 408 R(longer than in the abo)108 420 Q .3 -.15 +(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 436.8 Q +-.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 448.8 Q(cho)144 460.8 Q +(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) +-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 477.6 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 559.2 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 571.2 Q -.15 +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 489.6 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 501.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 -(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 583.2 Q F0 .515 -(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) -3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 -(If strict compatibility with)108 595.2 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 -(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 607.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 -(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 624 S -(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 636 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F 1.087 -(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086 -('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ - \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) -108 648 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 660 R .725 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 672 Q .522 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 513.6 Q F0 .514 +(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) +3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +(If strict compatibility with)108 525.6 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 537.6 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) +87 554.4 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 566.4 R 1.086(ord be) +-.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ +ed a)108 578.4 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 +(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ +\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 590.4 R +.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 602.4 Q +.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 684 Q F4(.) -A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 614.4 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 696 Q .092 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 712.8 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 626.4 Q .093 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 643.2 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 724.8 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 655.2 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) -5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 -E(21)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) +5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F .88 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 667.2 R F2(N)3.38 E +F0 3.38(,o)C .88(ptionally pre\214x)-3.38 F .879 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F .138(placed \ +with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 +679.2 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)2.639 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 691.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.839(dw).1 G +.338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.839 F 2.838(gument. If)-.18 F +.338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338 +(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F +(of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 703.2 +Q(If the login name is in)108 720 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) +.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(21)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .879 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 84 R/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(N)3.379 E F0 3.379(,o)C .879(ptionally pre\214x) --3.379 F .88(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F -.138(placed with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as\ - it w)108 96 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(dirs)2.638 E F0 -.2(bu)2.638 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 108 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 2.838(dw).1 G .338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.838 F -2.838(gument. If)-.18 F .338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338 -(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F -(of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 120 Q -(If the login name is in)108 136.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) -.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167 -(Each v)108 153.6 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .166(Each v)108 84 +R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 (ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F -.167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=) -2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E .467(these cases, tilde e)108 165.6 R -.467(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) --.65 G .468(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F -(ments to)108 177.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A -F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0 -(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .024 -(Bash also performs tilde e)108 194.4 R .024(xpansion on w)-.15 F .023 -(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F .023 -(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 206.4 Q .769 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.969 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 -.469(when the)2.719 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 -(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .47(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F --.15(ex)108 218.4 S(cept for the).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 -(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F1 -(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.1(Pa)87 235.2 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 -.2(The `)108 247.2 R F2($)A F0 2.7('c)C .199 -(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.7 F .199 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.699 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.699 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e) -108 259.2 R .314 -(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .314 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.814(et)-.15 G 2.814(op)-2.814 G(rotect)-2.814 E .415 -(the v)108 271.2 R .415(ariable to be e)-.25 F .415 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .414 +.167(wing a)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:)2.667 E F0 .167 +(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468 +(these cases, tilde e)108 96 R .468(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F +(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 +(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 108 +Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(,)A F2(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2 +(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 +(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .023 +(Bash also performs tilde e)108 124.8 R .023(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024 +(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F .024 +(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 136.8 Q .77 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F3(\))A F0 +.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 +(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F +-.15(ex)108 148.8 S(cept for the).15 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(declar) +2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w) +.15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(Pa)87 165.6 S +(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 .199(The `)108 177.6 R F1($)A F0 2.699('c)C +.199(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.699 F .199 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.7 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.7 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e)108 +189.6 R .314(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b) +-.15 F .314(ut serv)-.2 F 2.813(et)-.15 G 2.813(op)-2.813 G(rotect) +-2.813 E .414(the v)108 201.6 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .415 (wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(the name.)108 -283.2 Q 1.189 +213.6 Q 1.19 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -300 R F2(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) --3.69 F .822(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 -312 R .821(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 -E(pansion.)108 324 Q(${)108 340.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A .106 -(The v)144 352.8 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +230.4 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F .821 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 242.4 R .822 +(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E +(pansion.)108 254.4 Q(${)108 271.2 Q F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A .106 +(The v)144 283.2 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F4(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106(The braces are required when)5.106 F -F1(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .111 -(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 364.8 R F1(par)3.861 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .11 +F4(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11 +(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 295.2 R F4(par)3.86 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .111 (wed by a character which is not to be)-.25 F .208 -(interpreted as part of its name.)144 376.8 R(The)5.208 E F1(par)2.708 E +(interpreted as part of its name.)144 307.2 R(The)5.208 E F4(par)2.708 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F --.15(ve)-.15 G F2 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 388.8 Q F0 2.5 -(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A -F0(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 405.6 R F1(par)2.846 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 319.2 Q F0 2.5 +(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A +F0(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 336 R F4(par)2.846 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F -F2(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F1(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G -(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.906(al)108 417.6 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.906 H 2.906 -(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.906 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F2(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 +F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F4(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) +2.846 F F4(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G +(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 348 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907 +(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F1(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 (uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406 -(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F1(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 -(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F1(par)2.907 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 429.6 Q -F0 2.579(;t)C .079(his is then e)-2.579 F .079(xpanded and that v)-.15 F -.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .078 -(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .078(xpansion of the)-.15 F -(original)108 441.6 Q F1(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.042(.T)C .042 -(his is kno)-5.042 F .042(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 -F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .043 -(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .043(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 453.6 S .249(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 -F 2.749(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .248 -(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .248(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 -(name of the parameter referenced by)108 465.6 R F1(par)4.01 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .388(The e)108 477.6 R .387 -(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A -F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.187 -.65(w. T)-.25 H -.387(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 -489.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) --2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 506.4 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor) -3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 518.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .067 -(When not performing substring e)108 535.2 R .067 -(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-2.567 E F2(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)2.567 E F0 .066 -(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 547.2 Q(Omi\ +(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F4(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 +(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F4(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 360 Q F0 +2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F +.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079 +(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F +(original)108 372 Q F4(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043 +(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F4(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 +F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 +(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 384 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 F +2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F4(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249 +(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 +(name of the parameter referenced by)108 396 R F4(par)4.01 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 408 R .387(xceptions to this are the e) +-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F4(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A +F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F1(!)A F4(name)A F0([)A F4(@)A F0 .387 +(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 +E(tion point must immediately follo)108 420 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G +(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E .334 +(In each of the cases belo)108 436.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F4(wor)3.484 E(d) +-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e) +-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 +448.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066(When not performing substring e)108 465.6 +R .067(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G +(e.g.,)-2.567 E F1(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)2.567 E F0 .067 +(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 477.6 Q(Omi\ tting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 -E(${)108 564 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2 .722(Use Default V)144 576 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F1 -(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) -3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 588 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 -(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 600 Q F1(par) -A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .812 -(Assign Default V)144 612 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.812(.I)C(f)-5.812 E F1 -(par)4.562 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .812(is unset or null, the e)4.042 F .812 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.652 E(d)-.37 E F0 .812(is assigned to)4.082 -F F1(pa-)4.561 E -.15(ra)144 624 S(meter).15 E F0 5.741(.T).73 G .741 -(he v)-5.741 F .741(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.491 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .742 -(is then substituted.)3.972 F .742 +E(${)108 494.4 Q F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F4(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(})A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 506.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f) +-5.723 E F4(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e) +3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F F4(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722 +(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 518.4 Q +(alue of)-.25 E F4(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E +(${)108 530.4 Q F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F4(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F1 .811(Assign Default V)144 542.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.812(.I)C(f)-5.812 +E F4(par)4.562 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .812(is unset or null, the e)4.042 F +.812(xpansion of)-.15 F F4(wor)3.652 E(d)-.37 E F0 .812(is assigned to) +4.082 F F4(pa-)4.562 E -.15(ra)144 554.4 S(meter).15 E F0 5.742(.T).73 G +.742(he v)-5.742 F .742(alue of)-.25 F F4(par)4.492 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.742(is then substituted.)3.972 F .741 (Positional parameters and special parame-)5.742 F -(ters may not be assigned to in this w)144 636 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) -108 648 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 -.535(Display Err)144 660 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C -(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 -(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .012(sage to that ef)144 672 R -.012(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)2.852 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.282 F -(teracti)144 684 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) --2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 696 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 708 R .745(nate V)-.15 F -(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(ters may not be assigned to in this w)144 566.4 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) +108 578.4 Q F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F4(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 +.535(Display Err)144 590.4 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F4(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 +(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F4(wor)3.035 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .013(sage to that ef)144 602.4 R +.013(fect if)-.25 F F4(wor)2.853 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.283 F +(teracti)144 614.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F4(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 626.4 Q F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F4 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 638.4 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F4(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 720 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(22) -193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 650.4 Q F4(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 662.4 Q F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F4 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 674.4 Q F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F4 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F4(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) +144 686.4 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F4(length)2.502 +E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F4(par)2.502 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .235 +(character speci\214ed by)144 698.4 R F4(of)2.735 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.235 +(.I)C(f)-5.235 E F4(par)2.735 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.735 E F1(@)2.735 E +F0 2.735(,a)C 2.735(ni)-2.735 G(nde)-2.735 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.735(da).15 +G .235(rray subscripted by)-2.735 F F1(@)2.735 E F0(or)2.735 E F1(*) +2.735 E F0 2.735(,o)C 2.735(ra)-2.735 G 2.735(na)-2.735 G(s-)-2.735 E +(sociati)144 710.4 Q 1.578 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.278 +(rray name, the results dif).15 F 1.277(fer as described belo)-.25 F +5.077 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F4(length)3.777 E F0 1.277(is omitted, e) +3.777 F 1.277(xpands to the)-.15 F .042(substring of the v)144 722.4 R +.042(alue of)-.25 F F4(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043 +(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F4(of)2.543 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(22)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:)A F1(of)A -(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1(of)A -(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion)144 -108 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E F0 -.002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .235 -(character speci\214ed by)144 120 R F1(of)2.735 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.235 -(.I)C(f)-5.235 E F1(par)2.735 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.735 E F2(@)2.735 E -F0 2.735(,a)C 2.735(ni)-2.735 G(nde)-2.735 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.735(da).15 -G .235(rray subscripted by)-2.735 F F2(@)2.735 E F0(or)2.735 E F2(*) -2.735 E F0 2.735(,o)C 2.735(ra)-2.735 G 2.735(na)-2.735 G(s-)-2.735 E -(sociati)144 132 Q 1.577 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.277 -(rray name, the results dif).15 F 1.277(fer as described belo)-.25 F -5.077 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length)3.777 E F0 1.278(is omitted, e) -3.778 F 1.278(xpands to the)-.15 F .043(substring of the v)144 144 R -.043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042 -(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F F1(of)2.542 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the)-.15 F .846 -(end of the v)144 156 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 E F1 -(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .847 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV)3.347 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 168 Q(w\).)-.25 E -(If)144 192 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .847(end of the v) +144 84 R(alue.)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(length)5.846 E F0(and) +3.346 E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 96 Q(w\).)-.25 E +(If)144 120 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 (luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.045(end of the v)144 204 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.046(end of the v)144 132 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 216 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 228 R -.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 240 Q -.2(vo) --.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 264 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 E -F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 E -F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) -2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 276 R .6 -(en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 +(of)144 144 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 156 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 168 Q -.2(vo) +-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:-)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(pansion.).15 E(If)144 192 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0(is)2.958 E F3(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1 +(length)2.959 E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459 +(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6 +(is tak)144 204 R .6(en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G 3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .64(to the last positional parameter)144 288 R -5.64(.I)-.55 G 3.14(ti)-5.64 G 3.14(sa)-3.14 G 3.139(ne)-3.14 G .639 -(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.139 E F0 -.25(eva)3.139 G .639 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 300 Q(If)144 324 Q F1(par) -3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 +(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 216 R +5.639(.I)-.55 G 3.139(ti)-5.639 G 3.139(sa)-3.139 G 3.139(ne)-3.139 G +.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 +(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 228 Q(If)144 252 Q F1(par) +3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 (da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 -F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 -336 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A -(fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081 -(en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater) --3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 348 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft) --3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) --6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 -F F1(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F -(number less than zero.)144 360 Q(Substring e)144 384 Q +F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 +264 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A +(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082 +(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater) +-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 276 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft) +-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) +-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if) +-3.729 F F1(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F +(number less than zero.)144 288 Q(Substring e)144 312 Q (xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .821(Substring inde)144 408 R +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .82(Substring inde)144 336 R .821(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in w\ -hich case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 420 Q .159(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 +hich case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 348 Q .159(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .159 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F F2($0)2.659 E F0 -.159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .159(ed to)-.15 F(the list.)144 432 Q(${)108 -448.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 460.8 Q F2(!)A -F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 472.8 -R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F -.084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 484.8 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0 -.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258 -(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F -(within double quotes, each v)144 496.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 513.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) -A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 525.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 -(]})A F2 1.137(List of array k)144 537.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 6.136(.I)C(f) +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F F3($0)2.659 E F0 +.159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .158(ed to)-.15 F(the list.)144 360 Q(${)108 +376.8 Q F3(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F3(*)A F0(})A(${)108 388.8 Q F3(!)A +F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F3(@)A F0(})A F3 .084(Names matching pr)144 400.8 +R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F +.084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 412.8 R F2(IFS)2.758 E F0 +.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257 +(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F +(within double quotes, each v)144 424.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 441.6 Q F3(!)A F1(name) +A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 453.6 Q F3(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 +(]})A F3 1.136(List of array k)144 465.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 6.136(.I)C(f) -6.136 E F1(name)3.636 E F0 1.136(is an array v)3.636 F 1.136 (ariable, e)-.25 F 1.136(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F --.15(ey)-.1 G 1.136(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 549.6 R F1(name) +-.15(ey)-.1 G 1.137(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 477.6 R F1(name) 2.897 E F0 5.397(.I)C(f)-5.397 E F1(name)2.897 E F0 .397 (is not an array)2.897 F 2.897(,e)-.65 G .397(xpands to 0 if)-3.047 F F1 (name)2.897 E F0 .397(is set and null otherwise.)2.897 F(When)5.397 E F1 -(@)2.897 E F0(is used and the e)144 561.6 Q +(@)2.897 E F0(is used and the e)144 489.6 Q (xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 -H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 578.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 590.4 S .471(rameter length).1 F F0 -5.471(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of) --.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If) -5.47 E F1(par)4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 602.4 Q F0(is)3.626 E F2(*) -2.896 E F0(or)2.896 E F2(@)2.896 E F0 2.896(,t)C .396(he v)-2.896 F .397 +H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 506.4 Q F3(#)A F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F3 -.1(Pa)144 518.4 S .47(rameter length).1 F F0 +5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.47 F .471(alue of) +-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471(is substituted.)2.971 F(If) +5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 530.4 Q F0(is)3.627 E F3(*) +2.897 E F0(or)2.897 E F3(@)2.897 E F0 2.897(,t)C .397(he v)-2.897 F .397 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -5.397 E F1(par)4.147 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .397(is an ar)3.627 F(-)-.2 E -.781(ray name subscripted by)144 614.4 R F2(*)3.281 E F0(or)3.281 E F2 -(@)3.281 E F0 3.281(,t)C .781(he v)-3.281 F .78 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.78(.I) --.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)145.25 626.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455(is an inde) -3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 638.4 R 1.273 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 650.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 667.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 679.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 691.2 +5.396 E F1(par)4.146 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .396(is an ar)3.626 F(-)-.2 E +.78(ray name subscripted by)144 542.4 R F3(*)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F3(@) +3.28 E F0 3.28(,t)C .78(he v)-3.28 F .781 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.781 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.781 E F1(par)145.25 554.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 566.4 R 1.272 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +144 578.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 +G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 595.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F3(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 607.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F3(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F3(Remo)144 619.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.544(name e)144 703.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 +.543(name e)144 631.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 (ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .543(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) -144 715.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.132 G(tter).1 E 3.132(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.132 E +4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) +144 643.2 Q F3 -.1(Pa)3.133 G(tter).1 E 3.133(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.133 E F0(belo)3.132 E 4.432 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.132(ft).65 G .632 -(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F .632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .633 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.383 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.152 -(then the result of the e)144 727.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F -1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.151(with the shortest matching)4.381 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(23)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F .632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .632 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.382 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 +(then the result of the e)144 655.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F +1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 +667.2 R(`)-.74 E F3(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 +(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F3(##)A F0 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F1(par)3.933 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F3(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 679.2 Q F3(*)3.018 E +F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 +G .518 +(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .304(sion is the resultant list.)144 691.2 R(If) +5.304 E F1(par)4.054 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F3(@)2.803 E F0(or)2.803 E F3(*)2.803 E +F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he pattern re-)-2.803 F(mo)144 703.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G +2.987(lo).25 G .487 +(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) +-2.987 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 715.2 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(23)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .183 -(pattern \(the `)144 84 R(`)-.74 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)A F0 1.663 --.74('' c)D .184(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`) --.74 E F1(##)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.184 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.934 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F1(@) -2.684 E F0(or)144 96 Q F1(*)3.019 E F0 3.019(,t)C .518(he pattern remo) --3.019 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .303(sion is the resultant list.)144 108 R(If) -5.303 E F2(par)4.053 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.804 E F0(or)2.804 E F1(*)2.804 E -F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he pattern re-)-2.804 F(mo)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.15 G -2.988(lo).25 G .487 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)A F1(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 108 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147 +(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1(wor) +2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 120 +S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 132 S(tter).1 +E 3.314(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.314 E F0(belo)3.314 E 4.614 -.65(w. I)-.25 +H 3.314(ft).65 G .814(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) +-3.314 F .814(xpanded v)-.15 F .814(alue of)-.25 F F1(pa-)4.564 E -.15 +(ra)144 144 S(meter).15 E F0 3.816(,t).73 G 1.316 +(hen the result of the e)-3.816 F 1.317(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.317(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.067 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.317(with the shortest)4.547 F 1.085(matching pattern \(the `)144 156 R +(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.084 +(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 +2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F1(par)145.25 +168 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 +E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo) +.25 G .16(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,) +-2.659 F .51(and the e)144 180 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.) +-.15 F(If)5.51 E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v) +3.739 F .509(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E +F2(*)3.009 E F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 192 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922 +(lo).25 G .422 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.988 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 132 Q(${)108 -148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 -160.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo) -144 172.8 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 -E F0 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F2(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F -.147(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 -184.8 S .459(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .459(ainst the e)-.05 F .459 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F1 -.1(Pa)144 196.8 S(tter) -.1 E 3.314(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.314 E F0(belo)3.314 E 4.614 -.65(w. I) --.25 H 3.314(ft).65 G .814 -(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-3.314 F .814(xpanded v) --.15 F .814(alue of)-.25 F F2(pa-)4.564 E -.15(ra)144 208.8 S(meter).15 -E F0 3.817(,t).73 G 1.317(hen the result of the e)-3.817 F 1.317 -(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.316(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)5.066 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.316(with the shortest)4.546 F 1.084 -(matching pattern \(the `)144 220.8 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.564 -.74 -('' c)D 1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 -E F1(%%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E F2 -(par)145.25 232.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.39 E F1(@)2.66 E F0(or)2.66 E -F1(*)2.66 E F0 2.66(,t)C .16(he pattern remo)-2.66 F -.25(va)-.15 G -2.659(lo).25 G .159 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .509 -(and the e)144 244.8 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) -5.509 E F2(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .51(is an array v)3.739 F .51 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.01 E F0(or)3.01 E F1(*)3.01 E F0 -(,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 256.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923(lo).25 G -.422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 268.8 Q(${)108 -285.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0 -(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 297.6 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 -E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 E F2(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F -1.107(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion,)144 309.6 Q F2 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 -(is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern)3.7 E -F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2 -(string)144 321.6 Q F0 5.396(.T)C .396 -(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.396 F F1 -.1 -(Pa)2.897 G(tter).1 E 2.897(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.897 E F0(belo)2.897 E -4.197 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(pat-)2.897 E(tern)144 333.6 Q F0(be) -2.57 E .07(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.57 E F0 2.57(,a)C .07(ll matches of) --2.57 F F2(pattern)2.57 E F0 .069(are replaced with)2.569 F F2(string) -2.569 E F0 5.069(.N)C .069(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.069 F -2.579(replaced. If)144 345.6 R F2(pattern)2.579 E F0(be)2.579 E .079 -(gins with)-.15 F F1(#)2.579 E F0 2.579(,i)C 2.579(tm)-2.579 G .079 -(ust match at the be)-2.579 F .08(ginning of the e)-.15 F .08(xpanded v) --.15 F .08(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.58 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 357.6 Q F0 -5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F2(pattern)3.262 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with) --.15 F F1(%)3.261 E F0 3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761 -(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F .761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.261 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F2 -(string)144 369.6 Q F0 .957(is null, matches of)3.457 F F2(pattern)3.457 -E F0 .958(are deleted and the)3.457 F F1(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E -(wing)-.25 E F2(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958(may be omitted.)3.458 F .958 -(If the)5.958 F F1(nocasematch)144 381.6 Q F0 .492 +-2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 204 Q(${)108 +220.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0 +(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 232.8 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 +E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F +1.106(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion,)144 244.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 +(is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern)3.7 E +F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1 +(string)144 256.8 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397 +(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F2 -.1 +(Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E +4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 268.8 Q F0(be) +2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069 +(ll matches of)-2.569 F F1(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with) +2.569 F F1(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07 +(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 280.8 R +F1(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.58 E F0 2.58 +(,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079 +(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 292.8 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 +(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 +3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F +.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(string)144 304.8 Q F0 .958 +(is null, matches of)3.458 F F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958 +(are deleted and the)3.458 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E +F1(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F +F2(nocasematch)144 316.8 Q F0 .492 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.992 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .883(betic characters.) -144 393.6 R(If)5.883 E F2(par)4.633 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.113 E F1(@) -3.383 E F0(or)3.383 E F1(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .884 +(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.) +144 328.8 R(If)5.884 E F1(par)4.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.114 E F2(@) +3.384 E F0(or)3.383 E F2(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .883 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F 1.002 -(parameter in turn, and the e)144 405.6 R 1.002 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E F2(par)4.752 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.001(ariable sub-)-.25 F -.158(scripted with)144 417.6 R F1(@)2.658 E F0(or)2.659 E F1(*)2.659 E +(parameter in turn, and the e)144 340.8 R 1.002 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E F1(par)4.752 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002(ariable sub-)-.25 F +.159(scripted with)144 352.8 R F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitution operation is applied to each member \ -of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F(the e)144 429.6 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 446.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 458.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E -F1(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 470.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A -F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 482.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2 -(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .438(Case modi\214cation)144 494.4 R F0 5.438(.T)C -.438(his e)-5.438 F .437 -(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F2(par) -2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F2(pattern)144 506.4 Q -F0 .373(is e)2.873 F .374 +of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F(the e)144 364.8 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 381.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 393.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 405.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A +F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 417.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 429.6 R F0 5.437(.T)C +.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 441.6 Q +F0 .374(is e)2.874 F .374 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.874 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .374(character in the e)2.874 F(x-)-.15 E .514 -(panded v)144 518.4 R .514(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 .514(is tested ag)3.014 F(ainst)-.05 E F2(pattern)3.014 E F0 3.014 -(,a)C .513(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.014 F -.15 -(ve)144 530.4 S 2.822(rted. The).15 F .323 -(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.822 F -5.323(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.323 E F1(^)2.823 E F0 .323(operator con)2.823 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 542.4 Q .181(wercase letters matching) --.25 F F2(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F1(,)2.681 E -F0 .181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .18 -(rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .085(to lo)144 554.4 R 2.585 -(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)2.585 E F0(and)2.585 E F1(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .373(character in the e)2.873 F(x-)-.15 E .513 +(panded v)144 453.6 R .513(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 .513(is tested ag)3.013 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.013 E F0 3.013 +(,a)C .514(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.013 F -.15 +(ve)144 465.6 S 2.823(rted. The).15 F .323 +(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.823 F +5.322(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.322 E F2(^)2.822 E F0 .322(operator con)2.822 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 477.6 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 +F F1(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F0 +.181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181 +(rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .085(to lo)144 489.6 R 2.585 +(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0(and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .085 (rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085(xpanded v)-.15 F .085 -(alue; the)-.25 F F1(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 566.4 Q F1(,)3.591 E F0 -.15 -(ex)3.591 G 1.091(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 -(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.09(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.59 -(alue. If)-.25 F F2(pattern)3.59 E F0(is)3.59 E 1.12 -(omitted, it is treated lik)144 578.4 R 3.62(ea)-.1 G F1(?)A F0 3.62(,w) -C 1.12(hich matches e)-3.62 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character).15 F -6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F2(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.351 E F1 -(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F1(*)3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he case)-3.621 -F .339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter\ - in turn, and the e)144 590.4 R .339(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .249 -(sultant list.)144 602.4 R(If)5.249 E F2(par)3.999 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.249(is an array v)3.479 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@) -2.749 E F0(or)2.75 E F1(*)2.75 E F0 2.75(,t)C .25 -(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.75 F(-)-.2 E +(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 501.6 Q F2(,)3.59 E F0 -.15 +(ex)3.59 G 1.09(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 +(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.091(xpanded v)-.15 F +3.591(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.591 E F0(is)3.591 E 1.121 +(omitted, it is treated lik)144 513.6 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.621 +(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character) +.15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F1(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.35 E +F2(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12(he case)-3.62 F +.339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter i\ +n turn, and the e)144 525.6 R .34(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .25 +(sultant list.)144 537.6 R(If)5.25 E F1(par)4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .25 +(is an array v)3.48 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.749 E +F0(or)2.749 E F2(*)2.749 E F0 2.749(,t)C .249 +(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.749 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -614.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 631.2 Q F2(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F1(@)A F2(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 643.2 S +549.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 566.4 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 578.4 S .86(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 -F F2(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 655.2 R -F2(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 -E F2(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 -667.2 Q F1(U)144 691.2 Q F0 .143(The e)180 691.2 R .142 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .142(with lo)2.642 F .142 -(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G -(rted to uppercase.).15 E F1(u)144 715.2 Q F0 .429(The e)180 715.2 R -.429(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .43(with the \214rst character con)2.93 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 727.2 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(24)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 590.4 R +F1(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 +E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 +602.4 Q F2(Q)144 626.4 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 626.4 R 1.064 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 638.4 Q F2(E)144 650.4 Q F0 .441(The e)180 650.4 R +.441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F +-.15(ex)180 662.4 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 674.4 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 674.4 R +1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 +(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 686.4 Q F2(PR) +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 698.4 Q F0 1.138 +(The e)180 698.4 R 1.138 +(xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F +F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 710.4 Q +-.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(24)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(L)144 84 Q F0 .125(The e)180 84 R .124 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .124 -(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.624 F(ters con)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.4 -G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(Q)144 108 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 108 -R 1.064(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F -F2(par)3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be) -3.565 F(reused as input.)180 120 Q F1(E)144 132 Q F0 .441(The e)180 132 -R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 144 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 156 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 156 R 1.073 -(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 -(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 168 Q F1(PR)2.5 -E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 180 Q F0 1.138(The e) -180 180 R 1.138 -(xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F1(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 192 Q -.25 -(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(K)144 204 Q F0 -1.339(Produces a possibly-quoted v)180 204 R 1.339(ersion of the v)-.15 -F 1.339(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.839 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.839(,e)C 1.34 -(xcept that it prints the)-3.989 F -.25(va)180 216 S .258(lues of inde) -.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.757(da).15 G .257(nd associati)-2.757 F .557 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H .257(rrays as a sequence of quoted k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -(-v).15 E .257(alue pairs \(see)-.25 F F1(Ar)2.757 E(-)-.37 E(rays)180 -228 Q F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(a)144 240 Q F0(The e)180 -240 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E -(alues representing)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 256.8 Q F2(par)4.402 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +SF(a)144 84 Q F0(The e)180 84 Q +(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E(alues representing) +-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a) +D(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 100.8 Q F2(par)4.402 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is)3.882 E F1(@)3.152 E F0(or)3.152 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 3.153(,t)C .653(\ he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.153 F(x-)-.15 E .403(pansion is the resultant list.)144 268.8 R(If) +-3.153 F(x-)-.15 E .403(pansion is the resultant list.)144 112.8 R(If) 5.403 E F2(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403(is an array v)3.633 F .403 (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.903 E F0(or)2.903 E F1(*)2.903 E F0 2.903(,t)C .402(he opera-)-2.903 F (tion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -280.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e) -144 304.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 +124.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e) +144 148.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .708(xpansion as described be-)-.15 -F(lo)144 316.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 333.6 Q F2 -1.698(Command substitution)108 345.6 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +F(lo)144 160.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 177.6 Q F2 +1.698(Command substitution)108 189.6 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 (ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 357.6 Q F1($\()144 374.4 Q F2 -(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 386.4 Q F1<92>144 398.4 Q F2(command) -A F1<92>A(Bash)108 415.2 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 201.6 Q F1($\()144 218.4 Q F2 +(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 230.4 Q F1<92>144 242.4 Q F2(command) +A F1<92>A(Bash)108 259.2 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 (xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 .089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) -108 427.2 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) +108 271.2 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) -.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) -108 439.2 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F +108 283.2 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) -.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le) -2.692 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 451.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 +2.692 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 295.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 468 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 480 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1<92> + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 312 R(xcept)-.15 E +.314(when follo)108 324 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1<92> 2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(he \ \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\ -b-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 492 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 F +b-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 336 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 (orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G 3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 504 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 520.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +(mand; none are treated specially)108 348 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 364.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 532.8 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 549.6 R .422 +(quotes with backslashes.)108 376.8 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 393.6 R .422 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 561.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 578.4 Q F0 -1.034(Arithmetic e)108 590.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 +F(on the results.)108 405.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 422.4 Q F0 +1.034(Arithmetic e)108 434.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 602.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() -144 619.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 636 Q +(The format for arithmetic e)108 446.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 463.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 480 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 (is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 (ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 -(treated specially)108 648 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 +(treated specially)108 492 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) -.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F .049 -(tution, and quote remo)108 660 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.548(l. The).25 F .048 +(tution, and quote remo)108 504 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.548(l. The).25 F .048 (result is treated as the arithmetic e)2.548 F .048(xpression to be e) -.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.548(luated. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.548 G(-) -.15 E(pansions may be nested.)108 672 Q 1.378(The e)108 688.8 R -.25(va) +.15 E(pansions may be nested.)108 516 Q 1.378(The e)108 532.8 R -.25(va) -.25 G 1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 700.8 S(pr).2 E +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 544.8 S(pr).2 E (ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) --.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(25)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.1 E F1(Pr)87 561.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 573.6 Q .405 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F +2.905(si)-.55 G .405 +(nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 585.6 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 597.6 R .148 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 609.6 R .559 +(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G +(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 621.6 Q .309 +(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 +5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 633.6 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) +-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 650.4 R -.25(va) +-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ +h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 662.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 679.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 691.2 R 1.142 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 703.2 Q +F2(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 720 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 +(nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) +-.15 F(ords)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(25) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Pr)87 84 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Pr)108 -96 Q .405(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process') --.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 -(nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 108 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 -(is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 120 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 132 R .559 -(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 144 Q .309 -(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) --5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 156 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) --2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 172.8 R -.25(va) --.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 184.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 201.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 213.6 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 225.6 Q -F2(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 242.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 -(nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) --.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 254.4 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.707 E F0 -(,)A .836(the def)108 266.4 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 -()3.336 E F0(,)A F1()3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 -()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 278.4 R .345 -(vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 -G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .207 +(using these characters as \214eld terminators.)108 84 R(If)5.207 E/F1 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F .207 +(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +()2.707 E F0(,)A .836(the def)108 96 R .836 +(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F2()3.336 E F0(,)A F2()3.336 +E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F2()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 +F .837(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 108 R +.345(vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys) +-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F1(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 290.4 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 -(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -302.4 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 -E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w) --.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92 -(ter is in the v)108 314.4 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) -3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E -3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921 -(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429 -(along with an)108 326.4 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 -E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As) -5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 -(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 -338.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E -F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .782 -(Explicit null ar)108 355.2 R .782(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G -F0(or)2.449 E F1 .833<0808>4.115 G F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 120 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.736 E +F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F2(space)108 +132 Q F0(,)A F2(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F2(newline)2.507 E +F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 +F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92(ter is in the v) +108 144 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 E F1(IFS)3.42 E +F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92 +(haracter in)-3.42 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921(that is not)3.17 F F1(IFS) +3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429(along with an)108 156 R 2.928(ya) +-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428(whitespace charac-)2.678 +F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 168 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G +(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E +(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .782(Explicit null ar)108 184.8 R .782 +(guments \()-.18 F F2 .833("").833 G F0(or)2.449 E F2 .833<0808>4.115 G +F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .783 -(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 367.2 R .179 +(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 196.8 R .179 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .179 (xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .479 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.679(ov).15 G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.678(d. If).15 F 2.678 -(ap)2.678 G(a-)-2.678 E .318(rameter with no v)108 379.2 R .319 +(ap)2.678 G(a-)-2.678 E .318(rameter with no v)108 208.8 R .319 (alue is e)-.25 F .319(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F .319(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F .001 -(to a command as an empty string.)108 391.2 R .001 +(to a command as an empty string.)108 220.8 R .001 (When a quoted null ar)5.001 F(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 E (ord whose e)-.1 E(xpansion)-.15 E .983(is non-null, the null ar)108 -403.2 R .983(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F -.983(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -5.167 -3.483 F F0(becomes)3.484 E F43.484 E F0 .984(after w)3.484 F .984 -(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 415.2 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) --.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 432 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 448.8 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 460.8 R .371 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.871 E F0 .371 -(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F -.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 -(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .633 +232.8 R .983(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F +.983(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF -5.167 +3.483 F F0(becomes)3.484 E F33.484 E F0 .984(after w)3.484 F .984 +(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 244.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) +-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 261.6 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 278.4 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 290.4 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F22.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F2(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F2(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F2(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F2([)2.87 E F0(.)A .633 (If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the w)108 -472.8 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .634(rded as a).05 F F2 -(pattern)4.384 E F0 3.134(,a).24 G .634(nd replaced)-3.134 F 1.34(with \ -an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see) -108 484.8 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E -F0(belo)3.589 E 3.839(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.839 E .534 -(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 496.8 R F1 +302.4 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .634(rded as a).05 F/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)4.384 E F0 3.134(,a).24 G .634(nd replaced) +-3.134 F 1.34(with an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matchin\ +g the pattern \(see)108 314.4 R F1 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM) +-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E F0(belo)3.589 E 3.839(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.839 E +.534(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 326.4 R F2 (nullglob)3.034 E F0 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.535 E(the)108 508.8 Q F1(nullglob) +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.535 E(the)108 338.4 Q F2(nullglob) 3.285 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.285 F -.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.284 E F1 +.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.284 E F2 (failglob)3.284 E F0 .784(shell option is)3.284 F .754(set, and no matc\ hes are found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 -520.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.255(cuted. If).15 F .755(the shell)3.255 F -(option)108 532.8 Q F1(nocaseglob)3.264 E F0 .763 +350.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.255(cuted. If).15 F .755(the shell)3.255 F +(option)108 362.4 Q F2(nocaseglob)3.264 E F0 .763 (is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.264 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .763(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 -(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 544.8 R .039 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 374.4 R .039 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .039(at the start of a name or immediately fol-)5.039 F(lo)108 -556.8 Q .81(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.31 -(,u)-.65 G .81(nless the shell option)-3.31 F F1(dotglob)3.31 E F0 .81 -(is set.)3.31 F .81(The \214lenames)5.81 F F1 -.63(``)3.31 G -.55(.').63 -G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.81 E F1 -.63(``)108 568.8 S(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G +386.4 Q .81(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.31 +(,u)-.65 G .81(nless the shell option)-3.31 F F2(dotglob)3.31 E F0 .81 +(is set.)3.31 F .81(The \214lenames)5.81 F F2 -.63(``)3.31 G -.55(.').63 +G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.81 E F2 -.63(``)108 398.4 S(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.181(must al)6.811 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.181(ys be matched e).1 F (xplicitly)-.15 E 3.681(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.931 G 3.682(ni).15 G(f) --3.682 E F1(dotglob)3.682 E F0 1.182(is set.)3.682 F 1.182 -(In other cases, the)6.182 F F1 -.63(``)3.682 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0 1.182(character is not)6.182 F .614(treated specially)108 580.8 R +-3.682 E F2(dotglob)3.682 E F0 1.182(is set.)3.682 F 1.182 +(In other cases, the)6.182 F F2 -.63(``)3.682 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0 1.182(character is not)6.182 F .614(treated specially)108 410.4 R 5.614(.W)-.65 G .613 (hen matching a pathname, the slash character must al)-5.614 F -.1(wa) -.1 G .613(ys be matched e).1 F .613(xplicitly by a)-.15 F .654 -(slash in the pattern, b)108 592.8 R .655(ut in other matching conte)-.2 +(slash in the pattern, b)108 422.4 R .655(ut in other matching conte)-.2 F .655(xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as de-)-.15 -F .72(scribed belo)108 604.8 R 3.22(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.22 E F3 -.09(Pa) +F .72(scribed belo)108 434.4 R 3.22(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.22 E F1 -.09(Pa) 3.22 G(tter).09 E 2.97(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.97 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .719(See the description of)5.219 F F1(shopt)3.219 E F0(belo) -3.219 E 3.219(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.219 E F3 .719(SHELL B)3.219 F(UIL)-.09 E -.719(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)108 616.8 Q F0(for a description of the)2.25 -E F1(nocaseglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E -F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 -633.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.561 E F0 .061(shell v)2.311 F .061 +(.)A F0 .719(See the description of)5.219 F F2(shopt)3.219 E F0(belo) +3.219 E 3.219(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.219 E F1 .719(SHELL B)3.219 F(UIL)-.09 E +.719(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)108 446.4 Q F0(for a description of the)2.25 +E F2(nocaseglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(failglob)2.5 E +F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 +463.2 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.561 E F0 .061(shell v)2.311 F .061 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F2(pattern)3.812 E F0 5.062(.I).24 G(f)-5.062 E F3(GLO-)2.562 E -(BIGNORE)108 645.6 Q F0 1.096(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)3.347 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.596 E F0 1.096 -(is re-)3.346 F(mo)108 657.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.85(df).15 G .351 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.85 F .351(If the)5.351 F F1(nocaseglob) +F F4(pattern)3.812 E F0 5.062(.I).24 G(f)-5.062 E F1(GLO-)2.562 E +(BIGNORE)108 475.2 Q F0 1.096(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)3.347 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.596 E F0 1.096 +(is re-)3.346 F(mo)108 487.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.85(df).15 G .351 +(rom the list of matches.)-2.85 F .351(If the)5.351 F F2(nocaseglob) 2.851 E F0 .351(option is set, the matching ag)2.851 F .351 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F3(GLO-)2.851 E(BIGNORE)108 669.6 Q F0 +(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLO-)2.851 E(BIGNORE)108 499.2 Q F0 1.481(is performed without re)3.731 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.48(rd to case.) -.05 F 1.48(The \214lenames)6.48 F F1 -.63(``)3.98 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0(and)6.48 E F1 -.63(``)3.98 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.48 -(are al)7.11 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.48(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 -681.6 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 +.05 F 1.48(The \214lenames)6.48 F F2 -.63(``)3.98 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0(and)6.48 E F2 -.63(``)3.98 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.48 +(are al)7.11 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.48(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 +511.2 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .683(enabling the)108 693.6 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +-.25 F .683(enabling the)108 523.2 R F2(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 (shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 705.6 Q +-.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 535.2 Q 1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F -F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 -(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F5(.)A F0(The)108 -717.6 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F3 +F2 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) +-.1 E F2 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 +(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F5(.)A F0(The)108 +547.2 Q F2(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F1 (GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 729.6 Q F1 -(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(26)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 559.2 Q F2 +(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F2 -.1(Pa)108 576 S(tter).1 E 2.5 +(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 592.8 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haract\ +er that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern characters\ + described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.722 +(itself. The)108 604.8 R .221(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) +2.722 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .221 +(wing character; the es-)-.25 F .418 +(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 616.8 R .418 +(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.919(ya) +-.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 628.8 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 645.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2(*)144 662.4 Q F0 .377 +(Matches an)180 662.4 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F2 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 674.4 +Q F2(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 +(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 +E F2(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 +(will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ +.)180 686.4 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F2(/)3.558 E +F0(,)A(tw)180 698.4 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F2(?)144 710.4 Q +F0(Matches an)180 710.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(26)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(Pa)108 84 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 -100.8 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other \ -than the special pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65 -(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.722(itself. The)108 112.8 R .221 -(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)2.722 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221 -(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .221(wing character; the es-)-.25 F -.418(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 124.8 R .418 -(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.919(ya) --.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 136.8 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 153.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 170.4 Q F0 .377 -(Matches an)180 170.4 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 182.4 -Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 -(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 -E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 -(will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ -.)180 194.4 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E -F0(,)A(tw)180 206.4 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 218.4 Q -F0(Matches an)180 218.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F1([...])144 230.4 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 230.4 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +SF([...])144 84 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 84 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 (ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 (air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 242.4 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E +(denotes a)180 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) -3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F -3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 254.4 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc) --.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F -1.213(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 266.4 R 1.124 -(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 -1.124(or a)6.124 F F1(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G -1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 278.4 R .895 +3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G +1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213 +(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 120 R 1.124(wing the) +-.25 F F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a) +6.124 F F1(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 132 R .895 (xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) -180 290.4 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)2.875 -E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F -.375(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375 -(btain the tra-).8 F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 302.4 R -.067(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 -(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 314.4 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +180 144 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)2.875 E +(TE)-.855 E F0(or)2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 156 R .067 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 168 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 .157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 .156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F12.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 326.4 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 338.4 Q -.4(Wi) -180 356.4 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F2 --.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +180 180 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 192 Q -.4(Wi)180 +210 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F2 -.15 +(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F2(class)A F1 (:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F2(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) -180 368.4 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 -5.889(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 380.4 R 5.889 -(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 392.4 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F -F0 4.29(Ac)180 404.4 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) --.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 --.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 416.4 Q -.4(Wi) -180 434.4 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +180 222 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 234 R 5.889 +(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 246 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.29(Ac)180 258 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 +G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1 +(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 270 Q -.4(Wi) +180 288 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 (,a)C(n)-4.536 E F2 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F2(c)A F1(=]) A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 446.4 R -(the character)180 458.4 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 476.4 S(thin).4 -E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) -2.5 E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 493.2 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 300 R +(the character)180 312 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 330 S(thin).4 E F1 +([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 +E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol) +2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 346.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 (shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 (xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -505.2 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 +358.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 (is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 517.2 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 541.2 Q F2 +108 370.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 394.8 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 553.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 565.2 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 577.2 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 589.2 Q F2 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 406.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 418.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 430.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 442.8 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 601.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 613.2 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 625.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 637.2 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches an)180 649.2 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) +(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 454.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 466.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 478.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) +.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 490.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches an)180 502.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) -.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 -666 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 +519.6 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 (ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 (specially when the patterns contain).65 F .091 -(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 678 R .091 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 531.6 R .091 (Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .09(ainst shorter strings, or us-) -.05 F(ing arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f) -108 690 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 706.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l) -.1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 718.8 R 1.112 +108 543.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 560.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G +(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 572.4 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) 3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 730.8 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(27)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 584.4 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 601.2 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 613.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 +(by the shell.)108 625.2 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) +-.25 F(dif)108 637.2 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ +the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 +(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 649.2 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108 +661.2 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .862(simple command)3.702 F F0 +.862(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G F2(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R) +.77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 673.2 +Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771 +(Each redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number ma\ +y instead be preceded by a w)108 690 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293 +(the form {)108 702 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 714 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 F +F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 726 Q F0 +.6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 +(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(27)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 84 Q F0 .545(Before a command is e)108 -96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E(ected)-.37 E F0 .545 -(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405(by the shell.)108 108 -R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws commands' \214le handles to be \ -duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 120 Q 1.02(\ -ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the command reads from and w\ -rites to.)-.25 F 1.019(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 132 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108 -144 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .862(simple command)3.702 F F0 .862 -(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G F2(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R).77 G -.862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 156 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ -h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 172.8 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) -108 184.8 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 -(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 196.8 -S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 -F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 208.8 Q -F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 -(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 -(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 220.8 R 1.238 -(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.238(persists be) +108 84 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 (wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(himself.)108 232.8 Q .284(In the follo)108 249.6 R .283(wing descripti\ -ons, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst charac\ -ter of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 261.6 R/F3 10 +(himself.)108 96 Q .284(In the follo)108 112.8 R .283(wing descriptions\ +, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst character\ + of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 124.8 R/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 273.6 Q F3(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 136.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 290.4 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 153.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 -(jected to brace e)108 302.4 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 165.6 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 314.4 R +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 177.6 R .867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 326.4 S(rd,).1 E F3 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 189.6 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 343.2 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 360 Q F3(>)2.5 E -F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F3(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 376.8 -Q F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 -393.6 Q F3(>&)A F0(1)A F3(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .505 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 410.4 R F2(dirlist)3.355 -E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505 -(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 422.4 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F3(Bash)108 439.2 Q F0 .599(handles se) +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 206.4 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 223.2 Q F1(>)2.5 +E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 240 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G +(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 256.8 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0 +(dirlist)2.5 E .505(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 273.6 +R F2(dirlist)3.355 E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w) +-3.005 F .505(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F +(output before the standard output w)108 285.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 302.4 Q F0 .599(handles se) 3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo) --3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 451.2 R .977 -(the operating system on which)3.477 F F3(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 314.4 R .977 +(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 (is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 463.2 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3(/de)144 480 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E -F2(fd)A F0(If)180 492 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 326.4 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 343.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 355.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F3(/de)144 504 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 516 Q F3(/de)144 528 Q(v/stdout) --.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 540 Q F3(/de)144 552 Q -(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 564 Q F3(/de) -144 576 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F3(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 588 Q F2 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 367.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 379.2 Q F1(/de)144 391.2 Q +(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 403.2 Q F1(/de) +144 415.2 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 +427.2 Q F1(/de)144 439.2 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0 +(If)180 451.2 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 600 Q F3(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F3(/de)144 -612 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F3(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 624 Q F2(host) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(vice name,)180 463.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +475.2 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 487.2 Q F2 +(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 636 Q F3(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 499.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -652.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 669.6 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045 +516 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 +E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 \ +should be used with care, as the)108 532.8 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045 (ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F -(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 681.6 Q(.)-.65 E F3(Redir)87 -698.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 544.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +561.6 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 710.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 722.4 Q F2 +108 573.6 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 585.6 Q F2 (n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E -(28)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 602.4 Q([)144 619.2 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 636 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .175 +(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) +108 648 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 660 R +F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0 +.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F +(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 672 Q +(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 688.8 Q([)144 705.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 722.4 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(28)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 84 Q([)144 100.8 Q/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F2(Redir)87 117.6 Q(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175 -(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 129.6 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 141.6 -R F1(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F1(n)2.943 E F0 -.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F -(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 153.6 Q -(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 170.4 Q([)144 187.2 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 204 R F2(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F2(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F2(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 216 R .657 -(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658(xpansion of) --.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658(ists and is a re) -.15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)5.658 F .409 -(rection operator is)108 228 R F2(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt) --2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F2(>)2.909 E F0 .409 -(and the)2.909 F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409(option to the)2.909 -F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408(iltin command).2 F -(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 240 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .657(will f)108 84 +R .657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15 +(ex)3.158 G .658(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658 +(If the redi-)5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 96 R/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409 +(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F2(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 +F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409(option to the)2.909 F F2(set)2.909 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408(iltin command).2 F +(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 256.8 S(pending Redir).25 E -(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641(Redirection of output in this f)108 268.8 R +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 124.8 S(pending Redir).25 E +(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641(Redirection of output in this f)108 136.8 R .642(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 (xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .455 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 280.8 R F1(n)3.315 E F0 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 148.8 R F1(n)3.315 E F0 2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F1(n)3.314 E F0 .454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108 -292.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 309.6 Q([)144 326.4 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 343.2 Q +160.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 177.6 Q([)144 194.4 Q +F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 211.2 Q (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 355.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(This construct allo)108 223.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -367.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 384 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +235.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 252 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2 -(&>)144 400.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 412.8 Q F2(>&)144 424.8 Q -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 441.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 268.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 280.8 Q F2(>&)144 292.8 Q +F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 309.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 458.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F2(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 475.2 R F1(wor) +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 326.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F2(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 343.2 R F1(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) -.15 F F22.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 487.2 Q +.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 355.2 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 504 S +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 372 S (pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 516 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ +(This construct allo)108 384 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F -(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 528 Q +(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 396 Q (xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -544.8 Q F2(&>>)144 561.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 578.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(>>)144 595.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 -612 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(Her)87 628.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ +412.8 Q F2(&>>)144 429.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 446.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(>>)144 463.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 +480 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(Her)87 496.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 640.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 652.8 Q F0 .614 +a line containing only)108 508.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 520.8 Q F0 .614 (\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 664.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 532.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 681.6 Q([)144 698.4 Q F1(n)A F0(]) -A F2(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 710.4 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 722.4 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(29)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(The format of here-documents is:)108 549.6 Q([)144 566.4 Q F1(n)A F0(]) +A F2(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 578.4 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 590.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 +607.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 +(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108 +619.2 R F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 +-.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 +(is quoted, the)3.651 F F1(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 +(is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n) +-2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 631.2 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 643.2 R 1.194 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195 +(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 655.2 Q F2(\\) +2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +(If the redirection operator is)108 672 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) +C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ + the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 684 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5(.T).73 +G(his allo)-5 E +(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 700.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 712.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) +144 729.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(29)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .302 -(No parameter and v)108 84 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 -(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108 -96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G -2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 -.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.221 -E(d)-.37 E F0 .381(is quoted, the)3.651 F F1(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 -(is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n) --2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 -(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 108 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194 -(are subjected to parameter e)108 120 R 1.194 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195 -(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 132 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 -(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 148.8 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 -(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 160.8 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 -(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 177.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 189.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 206.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 223.2 Q -F1(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 235.2 S -1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F -1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 247.2 R .375(wline appended\ -, to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) -108 259.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E -F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 276 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -288 Q([)144 304.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 321.6 R(If)5.127 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792 +(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792 +(ariable e)-.25 F .792(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F +-.15(ex)108 96 S 1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G +3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F +1.187(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F +.374(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 108 R .375(wline append\ +ed, to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F +(tor)108 120 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).) +2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 136.8 Q F0 +(The redirection operator)108 148.8 Q([)144 165.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&) +A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 182.4 R(If)5.127 E F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -333.6 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +194.4 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G 2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G 2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 .458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 345.6 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 206.4 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) 2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F22.65 E F0 2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 (is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 357.6 Q -(The operator)108 374.4 Q([)144 391.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .443 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 408 R(If) -5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 218.4 Q +(The operator)108 235.2 Q([)144 252 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 .443 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 268.8 R +(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 420 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F1(wor)3.406 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, a\ - redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 432 R F1(wor)3.543 E -(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F23.203 E F0 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 280.8 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F1(wor)3.406 +E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \ +a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 292.8 R F1(wor)3.543 +E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F23.203 E F0 3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 (is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.204 E F0 .704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F1(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E -.966(not e)108 444 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 +.966(not e)108 304.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 456 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 472.8 Q -(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 484.8 Q([) -144 501.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 518.4 Q +-3.466 F(pre)108 316.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 333.6 Q +(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 345.6 Q([) +144 362.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 379.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F1 (digit)3.017 E F0 .517(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F1(n)3.377 E F0 3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt)-3.017 G .518 (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F1(n)3.018 E F0 -.518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 530.4 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 +.518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 391.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 (is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) -108 547.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 564 Q F1 -(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 580.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +108 408 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 424.8 Q F1 +(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F1(digit)2.768 E F0 .268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F1(n)3.128 E F0 2.768(,o).24 G 2.768 (rt)-2.768 G .267(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F -F1(n)2.767 E F0 .267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 592.8 Q F2 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 609.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 621.6 Q([)144 638.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) +F1(n)2.767 E F0 .267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 453.6 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 470.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 482.4 Q([)144 499.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -655.2 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518 +516 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F -(scriptor)108 667.2 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5 -<6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E -(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 684 Q -F1(Aliases)108 696 Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674 -(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +(scriptor)108 528 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c> +-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 +E(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 544.8 Q F1(Aliases)108 556.8 Q F0(allo)3.174 +E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 (ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 708 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 568.8 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 (and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 720 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +F(\(see)108 580.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 (\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(30)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F(check)108 592.8 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 604.8 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 +1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) +-3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 616.8 R 1.119 +(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 628.8 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F +.295(not e)108 640.8 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 652.8 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528 +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne) +-3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 664.8 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 681.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 +(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 698.4 R .284 +(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E +.284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) +108 710.4 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 727.2 R 1.22 +(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) +.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 +E(30)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(check)108 84 Q -.472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472(If so, that w)5.472 F .473 -(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473 -(The characters)5.473 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/)2.973 E F0(,)A F1($) -2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 96 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 1.112 -(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)-3.612 -F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E -F0 1.112(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H -1.111(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 108 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 120 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 132 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 144 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne) --3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 156 Q(ord follo)-.1 E -(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 172.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 -(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 189.6 R .284 -(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E -.284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 201.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E .283(Aliases are not e)108 218.4 R .283 -(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.782(,u) -.15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F1(expand_aliases)2.782 E F0 .282 -(shell option is set us-)2.782 F(ing)108 230.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F3 -(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(using)108 84 Q/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.5 E F0(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 +E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -247.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +100.8 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 (wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67 -(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 259.2 R 3.17(eu) +(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 112.8 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E -1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 271.2 R 1.059 +1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 124.8 R 1.059 (Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F -.075(when it is e)108 283.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 +.075(when it is e)108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ -and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 295.2 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G +and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 148.8 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G .337(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 (The commands follo)5.337 F .338 (wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .552(not af)108 -307.2 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This) +160.8 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This) -3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e) -.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .551(are e)3.051 F(x-) -.15 E .425(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ -unction is e)108 319.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 +unction is e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 (cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .404(is itself a command.) -108 331.2 R .403 +108 184.8 R .403 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.404 F -.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) -108 343.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) +108 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) -3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F1 -(alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 355.2 Q -.15 -(Fo)108 372 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 388.8 Q F0 3.468(As)108 400.8 S .968 +(alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 208.8 Q -.15 +(Fo)108 225.6 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 242.4 Q F0 3.468(As)108 254.4 S .968 (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F3 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 412.8 R +H(nder).15 E F2 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 424.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 (cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 -(shell; no ne)108 436.8 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(shell; no ne)108 290.4 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 448.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +F .64(function is e)108 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 460.8 +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 314.4 R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 (Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F -.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 472.8 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 326.4 Q F2(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -489.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +343.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.214(these e)108 501.6 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.714 E(UG) +1.214(these e)108 355.2 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F2(DEB)3.714 E(UG) -.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F1(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 (traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F1(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 513.6 S(IL) +3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F2(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 367.2 S(IL) .09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 525.6 R F3(declar) +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 379.2 R F2(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 (shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 537.6 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 +108 391.2 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 549.6 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 566.4 S .655 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F2(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 403.2 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 420 S .655 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) 3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E -3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 578.4 R .051 +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 432 R .051 (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) -.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F1(local)2.55 E F0 2.55(,t)C .05(he v)-2.55 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sv)-.55 G(isi-)-2.55 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its children \(inc\ -luding the functions it calls\).)108 590.4 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F -(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 602.4 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155 +luding the functions it calls\).)108 444 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F +(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 456 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155 (ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) -.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.654(ri).15 G .154(nstance, a local v)-2.654 F -.154(ariable declared)-.25 F .669(in a function hides a global v)108 -614.4 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \ -to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 626.4 R .688 +.154(ariable declared)-.25 F .669(in a function hides a global v)108 468 +R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer to the\ + local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 480 R .688 (ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 (When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 638.4 Q .726 -(The shell uses)108 655.2 R F2 .726(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726 -(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G .727 -(isibility within functions.)-3.227 F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727 -(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 667.2 R .008 +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 492 Q .726 +(The shell uses)108 508.8 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .726 +(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E +3.227(sv)-.55 G .727(isibility within functions.)-3.227 F -.4(Wi)5.727 G +.727(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 520.8 R .008 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) -108 679.2 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +108 532.8 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 (ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 691.2 Q +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 544.8 Q 2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) -108 703.2 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E -(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 720 -S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(var) -2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F2(func1)2.723 -E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F2(func1)2.724 E F0 .224 -(calls another function)2.724 F F2(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(31)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +108 556.8 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E +(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 +573.6 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F5 +(var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F5(func1) +2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F5(func1)2.724 E F0 .224 +(calls another function)2.724 F F5(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 +(references to)108 585.6 R F5(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 +F F5(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) +-2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F5(var)2.963 E F0(from) +2.963 E F5(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F +(y)-.15 E(global v)108 597.6 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F5(var)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The)108 614.4 Q F1(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482 +(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F1(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 +(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 626.4 R .19 +(ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 +(alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) +-5.19 E 2.72(av)108 638.4 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \ +unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the f\ +unc-)-2.97 F .014(tion returns.)108 650.4 R .014 +(Once the function returns, an)5.014 F 2.514(yi)-.15 G .014 +(nstance of the v)-2.514 F .013(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .013 +(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .566(If the unset acts on a v) +108 662.4 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F +3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .567 +(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 674.4 Q +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 691.2 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 +-.25(va)3.529 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 +(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 +703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +(cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 720 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 +(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.044(cution resumes with).15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29) +141.79 E(31)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .464 -(references to)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.964 E F0 .464 -(made from within)2.964 F F1(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F -2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot)-2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 -E F1(var)2.963 E F0(from)2.963 E F1(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado) --2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F(y)-.15 E(global v)108 96 Q(ariable named) --.25 E F1(var)2.5 E F0(.)A(The)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset) -2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482 -(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 -(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 124.8 R .19 -(ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 -(alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 2.72(av)108 136.8 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \ -unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the f\ -unc-)-2.97 F .014(tion returns.)108 148.8 R .014 -(Once the function returns, an)5.014 F 2.514(yi)-.15 G .014 -(nstance of the v)-2.514 F .013(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .013 -(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .566(If the unset acts on a v) -108 160.8 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F -3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .567 -(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 172.8 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 189.6 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 --.25(va)3.529 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 -(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 218.4 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) -2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 -(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 230.4 R 1.012 -(xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 242.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.012(the ne)108 +84 R 1.012(xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511 +(yc)-.15 G 1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E +.213(before e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 254.4 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E -2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 271.2 R F2 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 283.2 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +108 108 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5 +(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 +G(cution.).15 E 1.359 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 124.8 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 136.8 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 295.2 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F2(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +.327(\214le and line number)108 148.8 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 (shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 307.2 R -1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F23.797 E -F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F2(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 160.8 R +1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.797 E +F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 (iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F -(deleted using the)108 319.2 Q F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 +(deleted using the)108 172.8 Q F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi) -108 336 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E -F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +108 189.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 +E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .322 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 348 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 201.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 360 Q .3 --.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -376.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089 -(The shell allo)108 388.8 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 213.6 Q +.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV) +72 230.4 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089 +(The shell allo)108 242.4 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.588 E F0 -(and)3.588 E F2(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 400.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.452 G -.952(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 -(compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 -3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 412.8 Q 1.058 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)3.588 E F0 +(and)3.588 E F1(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 254.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.452 G +.952(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 +(compound command, and)3.452 F F1 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 +3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 266.4 Q 1.058 (ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 424.8 R(vity)-.25 E +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 278.4 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 436.8 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +(lo)108 290.4 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) 5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 448.8 Q F1(id)108 465.6 Q F2(++)A F1(id) -2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 477.6 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 489.6 S -F0(unary minus and plus)144 489.6 Q F2(++)108 501.6 Q F1(id)A F2 -2.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 513.6 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5(!~)108 525.6 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 525.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 -537.6 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 537.6 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 549.6 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 549.6 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> -108 561.6 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 561.6 Q F2(<< >>)108 573.6 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 573.6 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 585.6 Q F0 -(comparison)144 597.6 Q F2(== !=)108 609.6 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 609.6 Q F2(&)108 621.6 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 621.6 Q F2(^)108 633.6 Q -F0(bitwise e)144 633.6 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) -108 645.6 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 645.6 Q F2(&&)108 657.6 Q F0(logical AND) -144 657.6 Q F2(||)108 669.6 Q F0(logical OR)144 669.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 -681.6 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 693.6 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 705.6 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G +(of decreasing precedence.)108 302.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 +319.2 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25(va)144 331.2 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 343.2 S +F0(unary minus and plus)144 343.2 Q F1(++)108 355.2 Q F3(id)A F1 +2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 367.2 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5(!~)108 379.2 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 379.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 +391.2 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 391.2 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 403.2 S +F0(multiplication, di)144 403.2 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad> +108 415.2 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 415.2 Q F1(<< >>)108 427.2 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 427.2 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 439.2 Q F0 +(comparison)144 451.2 Q F1(== !=)108 463.2 Q F0(equality and inequality) +144 463.2 Q F1(&)108 475.2 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 475.2 Q F1(^)108 487.2 Q +F0(bitwise e)144 487.2 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|) +108 499.2 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 499.2 Q F1(&&)108 511.2 Q F0(logical AND) +144 511.2 Q F1(||)108 523.2 Q F0(logical OR)144 523.2 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 +535.2 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 547.2 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 559.2 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G -(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(32)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 571.2 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 583.2 S +(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 595.2 Q .68 +(Shell v)108 612 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 +(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 +(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 624 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 F +1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 636 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G +.165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F +.421(ing the parameter e)108 648 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 +(The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F +.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 660 R .154 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) +-2.654 E F3(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154 +(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154 +(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 672 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357(null v) +2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 F 2.857 +(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .657 +-.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) +2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 684 Q +(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 700.8 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F +3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F +<8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with) +5.518 F 3.283(al)108 712.8 S .783 +(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G +.782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,) +-.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 724.8 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 +(he form [)-3.315 F F3(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) +3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 +F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(32)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 84 S(pr1).2 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(,)2.5 -E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 96 Q .68(Shell v)108 112.8 R .68 -(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 -(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 124.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 -(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 136.8 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G -.165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F -.421(ing the parameter e)108 148.8 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 -(The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F -.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 160.8 R .154 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) --2.654 E F1(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154 -(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154 -(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 172.8 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 -(null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 -F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F -.657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 -(attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 184.8 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 201.6 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F -3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F -<8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with) -5.518 F 3.283(al)108 213.6 S .783 -(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G -.782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,) --.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 225.6 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 -(he form [)-3.315 F F1(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) -3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 -F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 237.6 R F1(n)2.85 E F0 .35 -(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F1(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .35 +(the arithmetic base, and)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.85 E F0 +.35(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F1(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F -(fying)108 249.6 Q F1(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\ -n-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the l\ -o)-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 -(percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 261.6 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) +(fying)108 96 Q F1(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(on-d\ +igit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo) +-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 +(percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 108 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) -5.518 E F1(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F .518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 -273.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 290.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +120 Q .234(Operators are e)108 136.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 302.4 S -(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 319.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 331.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) -2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.133(\214le attrib)108 343.2 R .133 +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 148.8 S +(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 165.6 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 177.6 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F3 +(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F3([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255 +(iltin commands to test).2 F .133(\214le attrib)108 189.6 R .133 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E -F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.634 E F0 .134 -(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 355.2 Q .198 +F3(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F3([)2.634 E F0 .134 +(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 201.6 Q .198 (vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .197 (guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.697(yo) --.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 367.2 Q .234 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 384 R .234 -(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235 +-.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 213.6 Q .234 +(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 230.4 R .234 +(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235 (handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .425 -(cially when the)108 396 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F +(cially when the)108 242.4 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F -F2(bash)2.924 E F0 .424(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F +F3(bash)2.924 E F0 .424(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F .344(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\ -m internally with this beha)108 408 R .345(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1 -(\214le)2.845 E F0(ar)2.845 E(-)-.2 E .806 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 420 R F1(/de)3.306 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.305(,t)C .805(hen \214le descriptor)-3.305 F F1(n) +m internally with this beha)108 254.4 R .345(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E +F1(\214le)2.845 E F0(ar)2.845 E(-)-.2 E .806 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 266.4 R F1(/de)3.306 +E(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.305(,t)C .805(hen \214le descriptor)-3.305 F F1(n) 3.305 E F0 .805(is check)3.305 F 3.305(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.305 E F1 (\214le)3.305 E F0(ar)3.305 E(gu-)-.18 E .029 -(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 432 R F1(/de)2.529 E +(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 278.4 R F1(/de)2.529 E (v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) -2.53 E F1(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 -(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 290.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 460.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 472.8 -Q 1.095(When used with)108 490.8 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 -E F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +108 307.2 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 319.2 +Q 1.095(When used with)108 337.2 R F3([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 +E F3(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F3(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 -E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -502.8 Q F2108 526.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 526.8 S -(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 -538.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 538.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2108 -550.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 550.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2 -108 562.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 562.8 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2 -108 574.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 574.8 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 586.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 586.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2108 598.8 -Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 598.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2108 610.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 610.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 622.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 622.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +E F3(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +349.2 Q F3108 373.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 373.2 S +(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3108 +385.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 385.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F3108 +397.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 397.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F3 +108 409.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 409.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F3 +108 421.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 421.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3108 433.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 433.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F3108 445.2 +Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 445.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F3108 457.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 457.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3108 469.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 469.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G -(it is set.)-2.5 E F2108 634.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -634.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F2108 646.8 Q F1(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 646.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2108 658.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 658.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2108 670.8 Q F1(fd) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 670.8 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F1(fd)4.47 E -F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2108 682.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 682.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2108 -694.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 694.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2108 706.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 706.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2108 -718.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 718.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +(it is set.)-2.5 E F3108 481.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +481.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F3108 493.2 Q F1(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 493.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and is readable.).15 E F3108 505.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 505.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F3108 517.2 Q F1(fd) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 517.2 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F1(fd)4.47 E +F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F3108 529.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 529.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F3108 +541.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 541.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F3108 553.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 553.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F3108 +565.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 565.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 -E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(33)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F3108 577.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 577.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3108 589.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 589.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F3 +108 601.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 601.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F3108 613.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 613.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F1(\214le1)108 625.2 Q F3 +(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 637.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F1(\214le1)108 649.2 Q F02.5 E F3 +(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 661.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 +E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F1 +(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 +(\214le1)108 673.2 Q F02.5 E F3(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +685.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F1(\214le2) +2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3108 697.2 Q +F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 709.2 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 +F F1(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 +(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F3 +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 721.2 Q F3(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29) +141.79 E(33)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 -S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 -108 108 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 120 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 132 Q F1 -(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 144 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 156 Q F02.5 E F1(nt) -A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 -(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 -(\214le1)108 180 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -192 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 204 Q F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 216 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 -(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 -(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 228 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 240 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 -E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 -264 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if the shell v).35 E -(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) -2.68 E F1108 288 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 300 S +SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 +S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0 +(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 108 Q +F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable) +-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F1 +108 132 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 144 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) -108 312 Q F1108 324 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 336 S +108 156 Q F1108 168 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 180 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 -(string1)108 352.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 364.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 376.8 S .861 +(string1)108 196.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 208.8 Q F1 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 220.8 S .861 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 (should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862 (command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 -388.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +232.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 (command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 400.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 -(string1)108 417.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 429.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 446.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 458.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 244.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 +(string1)108 261.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 273.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 290.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 302.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 475.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 487.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 319.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 331.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -504 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 516 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 +348 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 360 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 (ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 528 R -F2(ar)144 540 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 372 R +F2(ar)144 384 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(ar)3.919 E (g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589 (rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte) .15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F1([[)3.59 E F0 -(command,)144 552 Q F2(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(Ar)4.22 E +(command,)144 396 Q F2(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(Ar)4.22 E (g2)-.37 E F0 .71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71 (luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.209(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 564 Q F0(abo)2.25 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 408 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) -72 580.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 592.8 R +72 424.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 436.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614 (wing e)-.25 F .614(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F -(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 604.8 Q(wing order)-.25 -E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 621.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 621.6 R 1.849 +(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 448.8 Q(wing order)-.25 +E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 465.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 465.6 R 1.849 (ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 650.4 Q .179(The w)144 650.4 R .179 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 477.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 494.4 Q .179(The w)144 494.4 R .179 (ords that are not v)-.1 F .179 (ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15 F(an)2.68 E 2.68(yw)-.15 G .18(ords remain af-)-2.78 F .347(ter e)144 -662.4 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 +506.4 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346 -(ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 674.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 691.2 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 691.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +(ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 518.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 535.2 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 535.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 708 Q .716(The te)144 708 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 +108 552 Q .716(The te)144 552 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -2.291(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 720 R 2.291 -(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.791(lb).25 G 2.291 -(efore being assigned to the)-4.791 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(34)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 564 R .339 +(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 576 Q .332 +(If no command name results, the v)108 592.8 R .332 +(ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 604.8 S .757 +(riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 616.8 +R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 628.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 645.6 R +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 657.6 +Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 +(If there is a command name left after e)108 674.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 +686.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 698.4 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 710.4 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(34)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S -(riable.).25 E .332(If no command name results, the v)108 100.8 R .332 -(ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 112.8 S .757 -(riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 124.8 -R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 136.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 153.6 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 165.6 -Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 182.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) --.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -194.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 206.4 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 218.4 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 235.2 Q F0 .547 -(After a command has been split into w)108 247.2 R .546 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 84 Q F0 .547 +(After a command has been split into w)108 96 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 259.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E -(en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 276 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 108 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E(en.) +-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts \ +to locate it.)108 124.8 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 288 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 -(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 +108 136.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G +.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 (If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 300 Q 2.5 +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 148.8 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 316.8 R .31 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 165.6 R .31 (uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.81 -E F0 .31(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 328.8 Q F2 -.666(PA) +E F0 .31(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 177.6 Q F2 -.666(PA) 3.163 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914 -(the full pathnames of e)108 340.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 +(the full pathnames of e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 (cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 (SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72(search of the directories in)108 -352.8 R F2 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 +201.6 R F2 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 (is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F .719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 364.8 R F4(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 376.8 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 + a de\214ned shell function named)108 213.6 R F4(command_not_f)3.456 E +(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 225.6 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 (hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 (vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 -(and the original command')108 388.8 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G +(and the original command')108 237.6 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G .255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 (se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F -.263(tus of that subshell.)108 400.8 R .263(If that function is not de\ +.263(tus of that subshell.)108 249.6 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 -(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 412.8 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ +(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 261.6 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) -108 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 -(named program in a separate e)108 441.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 +108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 +(named program in a separate e)108 290.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 (gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 453.6 Q +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 302.4 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.048(If this e)108 470.4 R +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.048(If this e)108 319.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048(cution f).15 F 1.048 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.549(,i)-.65 G 3.549(ti)-3.549 G 3.549(sa)-3.549 G(s-)-3.549 E .043(sumed to be a)108 -482.4 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .043(shell script)2.543 F F0 2.543 +331.2 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .043(shell script)2.543 F F0 2.543 (,a\214)C .043(le containing shell commands.)-2.543 F 2.543(As)5.043 G .042(ubshell is spa)-2.543 F .042(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .042 (cute it.).15 F .042(This sub-)5.042 F .274 -(shell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 494.4 R .274 +(shell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 343.2 R .274 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.774(ws)-.25 G .274(hell had been in)-2.774 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.775(dt).1 G 2.775(oh)-2.775 G .275 -(andle the script, with the)-2.775 F -.15(ex)108 506.4 S 2.358 +(andle the script, with the)-2.775 F -.15(ex)108 355.2 S 2.358 (ception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) .15 F F4(hash)4.857 E F0(belo)4.857 E 4.857(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.857 E F2 -(SHELL)4.857 E -.09(BU)108 518.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A +(SHELL)4.857 E -.09(BU)108 367.2 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) -108 535.2 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ -e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.847 F 3.178(gram. 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The)-.15 F(ar)2.706 E .206 (guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F .206 (gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .268 -(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 571.2 R -.267(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .267(wed by the com-) --.25 F(mand ar)108 583.2 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 600 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an)108 -612 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w) -C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 628.8 Q 1.405 -(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 628.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 420 R .267 +(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .267(wed by the com-)-.25 +F(mand ar)108 432 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 +(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 448.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) +108 460.8 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 +2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 477.6 Q +1.405(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 477.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F4 -(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 640.8 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 657.6 Q -(the current w)144 657.6 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E +(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 489.6 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 506.4 Q +(the current w)144 506.4 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F4(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 (ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E -<83>108 674.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 674.4 Q F4 +<83>108 523.2 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 523.2 Q F4 (umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) --2.5 E<83>108 691.2 Q(current traps set by)144 691.2 Q F4(trap)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 708 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 708 R .256 +-2.5 E<83>108 540 Q(current traps set by)144 540 Q F4(trap)2.5 E F0<83> +108 556.8 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 556.8 R .256 (ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .256 (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E -(in the en)144 720 Q(vironment)-.4 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(35)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(in the en)144 568.8 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 585.6 Q +(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 585.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 602.4 Q +(options enabled at in)144 602.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) +.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F4(set) +2.5 E F0<83>108 619.2 Q(options enabled by)144 619.2 Q F4(shopt)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 636 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 636 Q F4(alias)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 652.8 Q -.25(va)144 652.8 S +(rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E +(alue of)-.25 E F4($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E +F2(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426(When a simple command other than a b)108 669.6 R +.427(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 +(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) +-2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 681.6 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 +(vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F +.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F +(the shell.)108 693.6 Q<83>108 710.4 Q 1.055(the shell')144 710.4 R +3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G +1.056 +(odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) +-3.556 F(mand)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E +(35)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q -(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 100.8 Q -(options enabled at in)144 100.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) -.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)2.5 E F0<83>108 117.6 Q(options enabled by)144 -117.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0<83>108 134.4 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with) -144 134.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0<83>108 151.2 Q -.25(va)144 151.2 S -(rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E -(alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 168 R .427 -(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 -(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) --2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 180 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 -(vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F -.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 192 Q<83>108 208.8 Q 1.055(the shell')144 208.8 R 3.555 -(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 -(odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 220.8 Q<83>108 237.6 Q(the current w)144 237.6 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 254.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -254.4 Q<83>108 271.2 Q .857(shell v)144 271.2 R .857 -(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 -(xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 283.2 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 300 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)144 -300 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 312 Q -2.5(Ac)108 328.8 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E +(the current w)144 84 Q(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 100.8 Q +(the \214le creation mode mask)144 100.8 Q<83>108 117.6 Q .857(shell v) +144 117.6 R .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F +.857(xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 129.6 Q(vironment) +-.4 E<83>108 146.4 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) +144 146.4 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G +.307(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 +158.4 Q 2.5(Ac)108 175.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 +(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 345.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 357.6 S .244(ubshell en) --2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 192 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 204 S .244(ubshell en)-2.744 +F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 (vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 369.6 R .358 +.359(reset to the v)108 216 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 381.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 228 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 393.6 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -410.4 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 240 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +256.8 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F13.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 422.4 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A -F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 439.2 R -.404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent) +3.876 F 2.5(shell. When)108 268.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E +F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 285.6 +R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) 2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 (ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 -451.2 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 +297.6 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 (therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 (ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 463.2 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 480 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.343(When a program is in)108 492 R --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg)-4.843 -G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343 -(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F3(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.344(his is a list of)-7.343 F F3(name)108 504 Q F0 -A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F3 -(value)A F0(.).18 E .439(The shell pro)108 520.8 R .438(vides se)-.15 F +(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 309.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(ENVIR)72 326.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.343(When a program is in)108 338.4 +R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg) +-4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343 +(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F2(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 +E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.344(his is a list of)-7.343 F F2(name)108 350.4 Q +F0A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F2 +(value)A F0(.).18 E .439(The shell pro)108 367.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 2.938(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438 (cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .438(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ nd creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it fo\ -r)108 532.8 R F3 -.2(ex)3.209 G(port).2 E F0 .709(to child pro-)3.889 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 544.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +r)108 379.2 R F2 -.2(ex)3.209 G(port).2 E F0 .709(to child pro-)3.889 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 391.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) 2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 (wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E .332 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 556.8 R +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 403.2 R 2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 (alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .132 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 568.8 R 2.632(wv)-.25 G .131 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 415.2 R 2.632(wv)-.25 G .131 (alue becomes part of the en)-2.882 F .131 (vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .131(The en)5.131 F(vironment)-.4 E -.32(inherited by an)108 580.8 R 2.82(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.97 G .321 +.32(inherited by an)108 427.2 R 2.82(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.97 G .321 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 (nitial en)-2.821 F .321(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .321 -(alues may be modi-)-.25 F .534(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 592.8 R +(alues may be modi-)-.25 F .534(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 439.2 R 3.034(yp)-.15 G .534(airs remo)-3.034 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G 3.034(yt)-3.034 G(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an) 3.034 F 3.033(ya)-.15 G .533(dditions via the)-3.033 F F1(export)3.033 E -F0(and)3.033 E F1(de-)3.033 E(clar)108 604.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E -F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 621.6 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F -(y)-.15 E F3 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 +F0(and)3.033 E F1(de-)3.033 E(clar)108 451.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E +F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 468 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y) +-.15 E F2 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 633.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .202(fect only the) --.25 F(en)108 645.6 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the) -108 662.4 R F13.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set) -3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F -F3(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en) -108 674.4 Q +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 480 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 492 Q(vironment seen by that command.) +-.4 E .81(If the)108 508.8 R F13.31 E F0 .81 +(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 +(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81 +(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 520.8 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 691.2 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +-.4 E(When)108 537.6 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) -3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 703.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(36)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(passed to that command in its en)108 549.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 +(EXIT ST)72 566.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 578.4 R +.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) +.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 +(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 +(tion. Exit)108 590.4 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 +(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 602.4 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G +.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 +(uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F +(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +614.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 +(Fo)108 631.2 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 +(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 643.2 R 2.548(An) +5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 655.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E +(xit status.)-.15 E .405 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 672 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 684 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 700.8 +Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E +(xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 717.6 R .08 +(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) +-2.581 F(the)108 729.6 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 +(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 +(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(36)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 84 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15 -(The e)108 96 R .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151(system call or equi)2.651 F --.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848(tion. Exit)108 108 R .348 -(statuses f)2.848 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347 -(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 -F .347(alues abo)-.25 F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 120 -Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G .506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 -(uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -132 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo) -108 148.8 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 -(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 -(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) --.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 160.8 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 -(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 172.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2 -(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 189.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 201.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 218.4 -Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E -(xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 235.2 R .08 -(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 247.2 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 -(cute. 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See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -(SIGN)72 304.8 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 316.8 Q F3(bash)2.503 E F0 .002 -(is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G -.002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002(raps, it ignores) --2.502 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F -F3 .002(kill 0)2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 -328.8 Q 1.215 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .915(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.415 E -F0 .915(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.165 F F3(wait)3.415 E F0 --.2(bu)3.416 G .916(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .916(In all cases,) -5.916 F F3(bash)108 340.8 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3 -(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) --.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 357.6 -Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 --.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 -369.6 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 381.6 R .653 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(missing ar)108 84 +Q(guments.)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)108 100.8 Q F0 .201 +(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202(xit status of the last command e)-.15 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 112.8 +Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F2 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 129.6 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 141.6 Q F1 +(bash)2.503 E F0 .002(is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G +2.502(nt)-2.502 G .002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002 +(raps, it ignores)-2.502 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002 +(\(so that)2.252 F F1 .002(kill 0)2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-) +2.502 F(teracti)108 153.6 Q 1.215 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .915(hell\), and).15 +F F3(SIGINT)3.415 E F0 .915(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.165 F +F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu)3.416 G .916(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F +.916(In all cases,)5.916 F F1(bash)108 165.6 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ) +2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef) +4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,) +A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.) +A F0(Non-b)108 182.4 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 +E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v) +.15 F 1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247 +(parent. When)108 194.4 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F3(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 206.4 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 393.6 Q F4 -(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 410.4 R 2.045 -(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 422.4 Q F0 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 218.4 Q F3 +(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 235.2 R 2.045 +(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon 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B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 -(SIGHUP)108 458.4 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 475.2 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) -2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 +1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +(SIGHUP)108 283.2 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 300 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -487.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 504 Q F3(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F +312 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 328.8 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 516 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F3(bash)3.163 E +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 340.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .327 -(via the)108 528 R F3(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin, the re\ -ception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F3 -(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F -(turn immediately with an e)108 540 Q +(via the)108 352.8 R F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin, the \ +reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F +F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F +(turn immediately with an e)108 364.8 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(JOB CONTR)72 556.8 Q(OL)-.329 E F2 -.25 -(Jo)108 568.8 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol)-.45 E F0 .868 -(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868 -(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868(he e)-3.368 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F2 -.37(re)C -(-).37 E(sume)108 580.8 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(JOB CONTR)72 381.6 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 393.6 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol) +-.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.868(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868(he e)-3.368 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37 +(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 405.6 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 (ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164 (acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164 -(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 592.8 Q +(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 417.6 Q (ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 -G(nd)-2.5 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 609.6 R -F2(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F +G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 434.4 R +F5(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 621.6 R F3 -(jobs)2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F3(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F2(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 633.6 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 650.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 446.4 R F1 +(jobs)2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 458.4 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 475.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 667.2 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 679.2 R .732 +ociated)108 492 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 504 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 691.2 Q F2(job) +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 516 Q F5(job) 4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.981 -.8 -(To f)108 708 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 -F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 F -1.538(tion of a)108 720 R F2(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537 -(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(37)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(To f)108 532.8 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +.7 F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 +F 1.538(tion of a)108 544.8 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 +F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537 +(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023 +(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 +556.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F3(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 568.8 Q +F4(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for) +5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 +F .145(group ID dif)108 580.8 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 +(ground processes are allo)108 592.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F +2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 +10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 604.8 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F +.718(terminal are sent a)108 616.8 R F3 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 +G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 628.8 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 645.6 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 657.6 S +.302(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) +3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 669.6 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 +7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 +681.6 R(to)108 693.6 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F +F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 +(background, the)108 705.6 R F1(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 +(command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F1 +(kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F1(^Z)2.67 E F0 +(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 717.6 R 3.918 +(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.918 F 1.418 +(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) +108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(37)190.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .023 -(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -84 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E -(INT)108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.215 -(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(for)5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F3(Bac) -6.795 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.215 -(processes are those whose process)4.485 F .145(group ID dif)108 108 R -.145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 120 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 -(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F4 10 -/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. 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Job)B(number)3.457 E F3(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F5(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .777 +(There are a number of w)108 84 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation) +3.277 F(\()108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B +(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1 +(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 297.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F5(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 309.6 Q F5(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 -E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 -(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F5(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 -(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F5(%?ce)3.463 E +108 108 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E F0 +.59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 120 Q F1(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 E +5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 +(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 +(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 -(hand, refers to an)108 321.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 -(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F5(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 +(hand, refers to an)108 132 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 333.6 Q F5 -(bash)2.508 E F0 .008(reports an error)2.508 F 5.008(.T)-.55 G .008 -(he symbols)-5.008 F F5(%%)2.508 E F0(and)2.508 E F5(%+)2.508 E F0 .008 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 144 Q F1(bash) +2.508 E F0 .008(reports an error)2.508 F 5.008(.T)-.55 G .008 +(he symbols)-5.008 F F1(%%)2.508 E F0(and)2.508 E F1(%+)2.508 E F0 .008 (refer to the shell')2.508 F 2.508(sn)-.55 G .008(otion of the)-2.508 F -F3(curr)2.708 E .008(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.508(,w).23 G .008(hich is) --2.508 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 345.6 R .495 +F2(curr)2.708 E .008(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.508(,w).23 G .008(hich is) +-2.508 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 156 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.494 E F3(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 357.6 R F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 -5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F5 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 +(The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 +(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 168 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 5.787 +(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1(%+) +3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 (can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 369.6 R F5 +.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 180 R F1 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F5(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 381.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F52.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 +-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) +108 192 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 (single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 393.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 410.4 R -(ground:)-.15 E F5(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F5 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(rent job)108 204 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 220.8 R +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C (ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -422.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F5 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +232.8 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 434.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F5 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 451.2 +(equi)108 244.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 261.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 (its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 463.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 273.6 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F52.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 475.2 Q F5(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F5(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 285.6 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F --.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 487.2 Q(xits.) --.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 504 R(xit)-.15 E F5(bash)2.532 E F0 -.032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533 -(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F5(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 516 R F5 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 +.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 +297.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 314.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1 +(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 +(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 326.4 R F1 (shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F5(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 (option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) -108 528 R(The)5.955 E F5(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 +108 338.4 R(The)5.955 E F1(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 (command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a) -5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 540 R .604 +5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 350.4 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 552 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644 -(When the shell is w)108 568.8 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F5(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F5(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 580.8 R F5 -2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F5(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 +(and an)108 362.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E +.644(When the shell is w)108 379.2 R .644 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 +(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 391.2 R F1 +2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F1(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 (to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F -(fore returning.)108 592.8 Q/F6 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 609.6 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 621.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 -(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)3.144 E -F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F1(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 +(fore returning.)108 403.2 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 420 Q +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 432 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E +F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 (when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 -(and the secondary prompt)108 633.6 R F1(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F5(Bash)5.427 E -F0(displays)2.927 E F1(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 -(it reads a command b)108 645.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.037(cuting it.).15 F F5(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F1(PS4)2.538 E +(and the secondary prompt)108 444 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E +F0(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 +(it reads a command b)108 456 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 657.6 R F5 -3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F5(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 468 R F1 +3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ -as follo)108 669.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F5(\\a)144 681.6 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 681.6 Q F5(\\d)144 693.6 Q F0 -(the date in "W)180 693.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F5(\\D{)144 705.6 Q F3(format)A F5(})A F0(the)180 -717.6 Q F3(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F3(strftime) -3.926 E F0 1.427 -(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -729.6 Q F3(format)2.5 E F0 +as follo)108 480 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 492 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 492 Q F1(\\d)144 504 Q F0 +(the date in "W)180 504 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 516 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 528 +Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime)3.926 E F0 +1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B +(empty)180 540 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 -E(38)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 552 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 552 Q F1(\\h)144 564 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 564 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 576 Q F0 +(the hostname)180 576 Q F1(\\j)144 588 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 588 Q F1(\\l)144 +600 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 600 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 612 Q F0(ne)180 612 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 +(\\r)144 624 Q F0(carriage return)180 624 Q F1(\\s)144 636 Q F0 +(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 636 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 +(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 +648 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 648 Q F1(\\T) +144 660 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 660 Q F1 +(\\@)144 672 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 672 Q F1 +(\\A)144 684 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 684 Q F1 +(\\u)144 696 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 696 Q F1(\\v)144 +708 Q F0(the v)180 708 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(38) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\e)144 84 Q F0(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 84 Q F1(\\h)144 -96 Q F0(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 96 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 -108 Q F0(the hostname)180 108 Q F1(\\j)144 120 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 120 Q F1(\\l)144 -132 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 132 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) --2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 144 Q F0(ne)180 144 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 156 Q F0(carriage return)180 156 Q F1(\\s)144 168 Q F0 -(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 168 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 -(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 -180 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 180 Q F1(\\T) -144 192 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 192 Q F1 -(\\@)144 204 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 204 Q F1 -(\\A)144 216 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 216 Q F1 -(\\u)144 228 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 228 Q F1(\\v)144 -240 Q F0(the v)180 240 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 252 Q F0(the release of)180 252 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 264 Q F0 .116(the current w) -180 264 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115 -(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR) -180 276 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E -F1(\\W)144 288 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 288 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0 -(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 300 Q F0 -(the history number of this command)180 300 Q F1(\\#)144 312 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 312 Q F1(\\$)144 324 Q F0 -(if the ef)180 324 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 336 Q/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 336 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E -F1(\\\\)144 348 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 348 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 360 Q -F0(be)180 360 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ +SF(\\V)144 84 Q F0(the release of)180 84 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C +(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\)) +-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 96 Q F0 .116(the current w)180 96 R .116 +(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) +-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 108 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 +E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 120 Q F0 +(the basename of the current w)180 120 Q(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w) +-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) +-.25 E F1(\\!)144 132 Q F0(the history number of this command)180 132 Q +F1(\\#)144 144 Q F0(the command number of this command)180 144 Q F1(\\$) +144 156 Q F0(if the ef)180 156 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H +(ID is 0, a).15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E +(\\)144 168 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 168 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E +F1(\\\\)144 180 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 180 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 192 Q +F0(be)180 192 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 372 Q F1(\\])144 384 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 384 Q .12 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 400.8 R +(control sequence into the prompt)180 204 Q F1(\\])144 216 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 216 Q .12 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 232.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\ n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 412.8 R F2(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 424.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ +tory \214le \(see)108 244.8 R F2(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 256.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 -(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 436.8 R .822 +(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 268.8 R .822 (After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,) --.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 448.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 +-.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 280.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .683(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F F1(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-) -3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 460.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197 +3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 292.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197 (command under)3.697 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198 (can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) -108 472.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ +108 304.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 -484.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) -72 501.6 Q F0 .15 +316.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) +72 333.6 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 513.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 525.6 R -.15 +108 345.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 357.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385 (editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F12.884 E F0 .384 (option to the)2.884 F F1 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.884 G -2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 537.6 S 1.406 +2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 369.6 S 1.406 (ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F 3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 549.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 381.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 561.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +(\(see)108 393.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 (ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 573.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 590.4 Q +(emacs)108 405.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 422.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 602.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +108 434.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 614.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) +1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 446.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) -.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) -.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 626.4 S .831 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 458.4 S .831 (yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 (y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 (hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 638.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 470.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F (e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 (x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 (rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 482.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 667.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 +.65 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 499.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F3(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G .596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E -(ho)108 679.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +(ho)108 511.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) .4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 691.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 523.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 703.2 Q +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 535.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 2.614(When a command is described as)108 720 R F3 -(killing)5.114 E F0(te)5.114 E 2.614(xt, the te)-.15 F 2.615 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 5.115(df).15 G 2.615 -(or possible future retrie)-5.115 F -.25(va)-.25 G(l).25 E(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(39)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 552 R F3 +(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 564 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 +.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H +.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 576 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 +(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) +108 588 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 604.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ +tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 616.8 +R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .222(is tak)108 628.8 R .222(en from the v) +-.1 F .222(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.722 E F0 -.25(va)2.472 G +2.722(riable. If).25 F .222(that v)2.722 F .223 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .223(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.223 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.223(.W).31 G .223(hen a)-5.223 F 1.034(program which us\ +es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ +nd the k)108 640.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 652.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) +6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 +(lines are ignored.)108 664.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 676.8 R +(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 693.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr) +3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 705.6 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 722.4 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E +(39)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(\()108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(yanking)A F0 3.382(\). The)B .882(killed te)3.382 F -.882(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.382(di).15 G 3.382(na)-3.382 G F1 -.882(kill ring)B F0 5.882(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.882 E 1.182 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.881(ills cause the te).15 F .881(xt to be accumulated into)-.15 F .22 -(one unit, which can be yank)108 96 R .22(ed all at once.)-.1 F .22 -(Commands which do not kill te)5.22 F .22(xt separate the chunks of te) --.15 F .22(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Readline Initialization)87 124.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is customized by p\ -utting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 136.8 R F1(inputr) -2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .222(is tak)108 148.8 R .222(en from the v) --.1 F .222(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.722 E F0 --.25(va)2.472 G 2.722(riable. If).25 F .222(that v)2.722 F .223 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .223(ault is)-.1 F F1(~/.inputr)2.223 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.223(.W).31 G .223(hen a)-5.223 F 1.034(program which us\ -es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 160.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 172.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) -6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 -(lines are ignored.)108 184.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .736 -(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 196.8 R -(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 213.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F1(inputr) -3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 225.6 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 242.4 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 271.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -283.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 295.2 -Q F1(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument) +-.18 E(or)108 96 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 120 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G (\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1 (univer)2.58 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.011(The follo) -108 312 R 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 --.4(RU)3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC) -4.021 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)4.21 E F0(,).73 -E F1(RET)4.14 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108.63 324 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC) -2.83 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd) --2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 340.8 R .209(ws k)-.25 +108 136.8 R 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F +F1 -.4(RU)3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F1 +(ESC)4.021 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)4.21 E F0 +(,).73 E F1(RET)4.14 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108.63 148.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E +F1(SPC)2.83 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 +G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 165.6 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 352.8 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2 -(Readline K)87 369.6 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 381.6 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 177.6 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 194.4 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 206.4 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 393.6 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 218.4 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) .15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .139(\214ed in one of tw)108 -405.6 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 +230.4 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 (ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) 2.638 E F1(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F .438 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 417.6 Q -.16(When using the form)108 434.4 R F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A +(es, or as a k)-.15 F .438 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 242.4 Q +.16(When using the form)108 259.2 R F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F1(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 446.4 R(or e) --.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 470.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 482.4 Q -(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 494.4 Q .699 -(In the abo)108 511.2 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u) +(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 271.2 R(or e) +-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 295.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 307.2 Q +(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 319.2 Q .699 +(In the abo)108 336 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u) 3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) -.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 523.2 Q F2 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1 -(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 348 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w) +2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258 +(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -535.2 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 552 R F2("k)2.556 E -(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) +360 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 376.8 R F2("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) 2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 (fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 (ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 564 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence may\ - be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 576 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385 -(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(denoting an entire k)108 388.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 400.8 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 (xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 588 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 612 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 624 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 636 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 652.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +(are not recognized.)108 412.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 436.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 448.8 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 477.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) 3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 664.8 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 489.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 -(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4 +(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 681.6 Q F2 -<5c43ad>144 693.6 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 693.6 Q F2<5c4dad>144 705.6 -Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 705.6 Q F2(\\e)144 717.6 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24) -144.29 E(40)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 506.4 Q F2 +<5c43ad>144 518.4 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 518.4 Q F2<5c4dad>144 530.4 +Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 530.4 Q F2(\\e)144 542.4 Q F0 +(an escape character)180 542.4 Q F2(\\\\)144 554.4 Q F0(backslash)180 +554.4 Q F2(\\")144 566.4 Q F0(literal ")180 566.4 Q F2<5c08>144 578.4 Q +F0(literal \010)180 578.4 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ +equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 595.2 Q -.25(va)-.2 +G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 607.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 607.2 Q F2(\\b) +144 619.2 Q F0(backspace)180 619.2 Q F2(\\d)144 631.2 Q F0(delete)180 +631.2 Q F2(\\f)144 643.2 Q F0(form feed)180 643.2 Q F2(\\n)144 655.2 Q +F0(ne)180 655.2 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 667.2 Q F0(carriage return)180 +667.2 Q F2(\\t)144 679.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 679.2 Q F2(\\v)144 +691.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 691.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 703.2 Q F1 +(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 703.2 Q +(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 715.2 Q F1(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 715.2 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(40)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\\\)144 84 Q F0(backslash)180 84 Q F1(\\")144 96 Q F0(literal ")180 -96 Q F1<5c08>144 108 Q F0(literal \010)180 108 Q(In addition to the GNU\ - Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is a) -108 124.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 136.8 Q F0 -(alert \(bell\))180 136.8 Q F1(\\b)144 148.8 Q F0(backspace)180 148.8 Q -F1(\\d)144 160.8 Q F0(delete)180 160.8 Q F1(\\f)144 172.8 Q F0 -(form feed)180 172.8 Q F1(\\n)144 184.8 Q F0(ne)180 184.8 Q(wline)-.25 E -F1(\\r)144 196.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 196.8 Q F1(\\t)144 208.8 Q F0 -(horizontal tab)180 208.8 Q F1(\\v)144 220.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 220.8 S -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 232.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 232.8 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 -244.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 244.8 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 -(When entering the te)108 261.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ - quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 -(Unquoted te)108 273.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 -F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 -(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 -285.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.142 +(When entering the te)108 84 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double qu\ +otes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 +(Unquoted te)108 96 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F +.09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 108 +Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F1(Bash)108 302.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F -.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) -.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 314.4 R .345 -.15 +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)108 124.8 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 +(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 136.8 R .345 -.15 (ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.546 E F0 .046 (option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 326.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 148.8 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 343.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 355.2 +(Readline V)87 165.6 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 177.6 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 367.2 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 384 Q F2 -(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 396 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 --.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .79 -(Except where noted, readline v)108 412.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F -3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1 -(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) -.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 424.8 R .448 +(riable may be set in the).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.553 E +(tr)108 189.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E +F1(set)144 206.4 Q F3(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 +218.4 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F2 +(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 +E .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 235.2 R .79(ariables can tak) +-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or) +3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79 +(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 247.2 R .448 (ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) -.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 436.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 (he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -448.8 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 465.6 Q F0 .011 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 477.6 R .011 +271.2 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 288 Q F0 .011 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 300 R .011 (ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 -(rings the bell.)144 489.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +(rings the bell.)144 312 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) -.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A -(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 501.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 513.6 Q F0 .056 -(If set to)144 525.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ -s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 537.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 549.6 Q(en \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 561.6 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 324 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 336 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempts \ +to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 360 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 +G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 372 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E +F0 .21(If set to)144 384 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 (eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F -(parenthesis is inserted.)144 573.6 Q F1(color)108 585.6 Q +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 396 Q F1(color)108 408 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) -144 597.6 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ -eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.935(completions using a dif)144 609.6 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F -7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 621.6 Q -F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 633.6 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 645.6 R F1(On)4.08 E -F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 -F 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 -657.6 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E -(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 669.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 -E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 681.6 R F1 +144 420 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\ +dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.935 +(completions using a dif)144 432 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) +-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 444 Q F0 +(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 456 Q +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 468 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 +4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F +1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 +480 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the) +-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 492 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884 +(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 504 R F1 (insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 693.6 Q F1 +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 516 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) -108 705.6 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\ -ble matches when performing completion.)144 717.6 R .193(The v)144 729.6 -R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the termina\ -l screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(41)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +108 528 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ +e matches when performing completion.)144 540 R .193(The v)144 552 R +.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ +screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 564 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 576 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 588 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C +(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ +siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 600 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 612 R +F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E +(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 +(yphens \()-.05 F F3A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093(nd underscores)-2.593 F +(\()144 624 Q F3(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 +G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H +(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 636 Q +(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ +ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ +splayed)144 648 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 660 R 1.275 +(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 672 S(lue are repla\ +ced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 684 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 696 R .53 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) +144 708 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 +F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) +-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 720 R +.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ +the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(41)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 84 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(completion\255ignor)108 96 Q(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 -108 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and \ -completion in a case\255insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 -E F1(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 120 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 -132 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) -2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F -.093(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .093 -(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 144 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G -(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E -.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 -(completion\255pr)108 156 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 -.829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ -ble completions that is displayed)144 168 R 1.275 -(without modi\214cation.)144 180 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 192 S(lue are replaced with an \ -ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 204 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 216 R .53 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 228 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 -F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) --.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 240 R -.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 252 S .237 -(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) --.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 264 Q F1(con)108 276 -Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 288 R F1(On) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S +.237(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237 +(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237 +(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed) +-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(con)108 108 Q +-.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 120 R F1(On) 3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 (rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 300 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F -(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 312 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 -(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 324 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 336 R F1 -(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +144 132 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 144 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E +(ault is)-.1 E F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E +F2(Of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 +E F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 168 R +F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 348 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 360 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 -(When set to)144 372 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G +144 180 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 192 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 +(When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 384 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 396 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 408 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 216 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 228 Q F0 .141 +(Controls whether readline be)144 240 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F .441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 (or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 420 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 432 Q F0 .518(If the)144 444 +(can be set to either)144 252 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 264 Q F0 .518(If the)144 276 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .622 -(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 456 +(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 288 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F -.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 468 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G +.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 300 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G .839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F -.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 480 S 2.798 +.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 312 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 492 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 504 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 -1.222(When set to)144 516 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +144 324 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 336 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 +1.222(When set to)144 348 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 528 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +(paste into the editing b)144 360 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 -(it had been read from the k)144 540 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +(it had been read from the k)144 372 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) .15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 552 Q F1(enable\255k)108 564 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 -(When set to)144 576 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +144 384 Q F1(enable\255k)108 396 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +(When set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 588 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 600 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 612 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 420 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 432 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 624 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 456 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 636 Q F0(If set to)144 648 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 468 Q F0(If set to)144 480 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 660 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 672 R F1(On)3.052 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 492 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 504 R F1(On)3.052 E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ -e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 684 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 516 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\)) -108 696 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 708 R +108 528 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 540 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.) -3.448 F .948(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 -E 1.821(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 720 R 4.321(we)-.25 G -1.821(ntries are sa)-4.321 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 4.321(d. If).15 F 1.821 -(set to a v)4.321 F 1.821(alue less than zero, the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(42)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +E .482(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 552 R 2.982(we)-.25 G +.483(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483 +(set to a v)2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 564 R .277(By def)5.278 F +.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 576 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F +3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 +(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 588 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 600 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 612 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 +(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ + when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ + ne)144 624 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 636 R +(setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 +(input\255meta \(Off\))108 648 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 660 R F1(On) +3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ +is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.562 F .335 +(characters it reads\), re)144 672 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 +(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name) +5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 684 S(ynon) +-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E +.364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364 +(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 +(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 696 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(42)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.308 -(number of history entries is not limited.)144 84 R 1.308(By def)6.308 F -1.307(ault, the number of history entries is set to the)-.1 F -.25(va) -144 96 S .333(lue of the).25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)2.833 E F0 -.333(shell v)2.833 F 2.833(ariable. If)-.25 F .333 -(an attempt is made to set)2.833 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(history\255size)2.833 E F0 .334(to a non-numeric)2.833 F -.25(va)144 -108 S(lue, the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.).25 -E F1(horizontal\255scr)108 120 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 -(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ - when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 144 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 156 R -(setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 -(input\255meta \(Off\))108 168 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 180 R F1(On) -3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ -is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.562 F .335 -(characters it reads\), re)144 192 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 -(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name) -5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 204 S(ynon) --2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E -.364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364 -(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 -(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 216 Q F1 -(isear)108 228 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 240 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.935(ing the character as a command.)144 252 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 264 Q F2 -(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 276 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 288 -R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(isear)108 84 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E +('\))-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an i\ +ncremental search without subsequently e)144 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-) +.15 E .935(ing the character as a command.)144 108 R .935(If this v) +5.935 F .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 +G .934(alue, the characters)-3.684 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.434 E +F0(and)144 120 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0 +(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 132 S +(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 144 R -.15 +(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 (emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .042 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 300 R F0 2.542(,a)C +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 156 R F0 2.542(,a)C (nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 (is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.541 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.541 E F0 .448(is equi)144 312 R -.25(va)-.25 G +2.541 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.541 E F0 .448(is equi)144 168 R -.25(va)-.25 G .448(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.948 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.448(.T)C .448(he def)-5.448 F .448(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 3.139 E F0 2.949(;t).27 G .449(he v)-2.949 F .449(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)2.949 E F0 .449(also af-)2.949 F(fects the def)144 324 -Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 336 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 348 R +(editing\255mode)2.949 E F0 .449(also af-)2.949 F(fects the def)144 180 +Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 192 S +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 204 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 360 R .824 +-.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 216 R .824 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E 3.025(,o)-.4 G 3.025(rc)-3.025 G .525(an tak)-3.025 F 3.025(ea)-.1 G -.525(dditional in-)-3.025 F .807(put to complete a longer k)144 372 R +.525(dditional in-)-3.025 F .807(put to complete a longer k)144 228 R 1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei) 3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .806(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F F2 -.37(re)3.306 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.306 E .906(use the shorter b) -144 384 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 +144 240 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 (equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 (lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907(alue of)-.25 F -.05(1000 means that)144 396 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 +.05(1000 means that)144 252 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 (will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05 (If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 408 R(alue,)-.25 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 264 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.552 E(to decide which k)144 420 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 432 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 444 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 276 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 288 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 300 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 456 Q F0(If set to)144 -468 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 312 Q F0(If set to)144 +324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 480 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 336 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 504 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 360 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 516 Q F0 .192(This v)144 528 R +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 372 Q F0 .192(This v)144 384 R .192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 540 R .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 396 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) -2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 552 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 564 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 576 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 408 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 420 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.585(If set to)144 432 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 588 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 600 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 612 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 444 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 456 Q F0 +.507(If set to)144 468 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 624 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 480 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .885 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 636 Q F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 648 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 660 R F1(On) +(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 492 Q F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 504 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 516 R F1(On) 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 672 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 684 Q F0 .227 -(If set to)144 696 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ +(tions at a time.)144 528 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 540 Q F0 .227 +(If set to)144 552 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or) --2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 708 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E -(wn the screen.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(43) -193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 564 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E +(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 576 T +(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .699(If set to)144 588 R +F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 +(eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 600 S +2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 +(ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 612 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 624 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 636 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) +2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 648 R(bell.)144 660 Q F1 +(sho)108 672 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 684 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 696 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 708 R 3.54 +(yp)-.15 G 1.039 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 720 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(43)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -2.29 -.18(re v)108 84 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 -.699(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 -(eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 108 S -2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 -(ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 120 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 132 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .304(This alters the def)144 144 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 156 R(bell.)144 168 Q F1 -(sho)108 180 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 192 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 204 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C -4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 -(ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 216 R 3.54 -(yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 228 Q F1 -(sho)108 240 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 -(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 +SF(sho)108 84 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 +(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 (dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F -(command, or vi insertion.)144 264 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E +(command, or vi insertion.)144 108 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E (-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 276 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 288 R +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 120 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 132 R F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 (ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 300 Q +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 144 Q 2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 (hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 312 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 324 Q +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 156 R +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 168 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 336 Q F0 .517(If the)144 -348 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 180 Q F0 .517(If the)144 +192 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) -144 360 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 -(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 372 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F +144 204 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 +(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 216 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.83(eak)-.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .33 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 384 R -.25(va) +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 228 R -.25(va) -.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F .244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -396 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 408 Q F0 .517 -(If the)144 420 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +240 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 252 Q F0 .517 +(If the)144 264 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -432 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) -5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 444 S .923(panded lik).15 F +276 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) +5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 288 S .923(panded lik).15 F 3.423(eak)-.1 G 1.223 -.15(ey b)-3.523 H .924 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .924 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 456 R -.25(va) +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 300 R -.25(va) -.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F .244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -468 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 492 R +312 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 324 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 504 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 520.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 532.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +(when listing possible completions.)144 348 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 364.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 376.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 544.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(which allo)108 388.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 556.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 573.6 Q F0(The)144 573.6 Q F1($if)2.963 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 417.6 Q F0(The)144 417.6 Q F1($if)2.963 E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F -(or the application using readline.)144 585.6 Q(The te)5 E +(or the application using readline.)144 429.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E -(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 597.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ +(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 441.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 614.4 Q F0(The)180 614.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) +144 458.4 Q F0(The)180 458.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) 3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F -3.065(mode. This)180 626.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) +3.065(mode. This)180 470.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 -(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 638.4 R +(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 482.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F -(out in emacs mode.)180 650.4 Q F1(term)144 667.2 Q F0(The)180 667.2 Q +(out in emacs mode.)180 494.4 Q F1(term)144 511.2 Q F0(The)180 511.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 679.2 R +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 523.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 691.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 535.2 Q F1(=)3.232 E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -703.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +547.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E -F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24) -144.29 E(44)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 564 S(rsion).1 E F0 +(The)180 576 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 +(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 588 Q F1 -.1 +(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272 +(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271 +(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 600 Q F1(=)3.063 E +F0 3.063(,\()C(and)-3.063 E F1(==)3.063 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.063 E F0(,)A +F1(<=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.063 E F0 3.063(,a)C(nd) +-3.063 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.564(.T)C .564(he v)-5.564 F .564 +(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 +(of the operator consists of a major v)180 612 R .318(ersion number)-.15 +F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 +(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 624 R +.1(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.6 E F0 .1(\). If the minor v)B .101 +(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.601 E F0 5.101(.T) +C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 636 R F1 +-.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 +(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 648 Q F1 +(application)144 664.8 Q F0(The)180 676.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 +.503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 +F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 +688.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +700.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 712.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 724.8 +Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(44)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(ve)144 84 S(rsion).1 E F0(The)180 96 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 -E F0 .608(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 -(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 108 Q F1 -.1 -(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272 -(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271 -(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 120 Q F1(=)3.063 E -F0 3.063(,\()C(and)-3.063 E F1(==)3.063 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.063 E F0(,)A -F1(<=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.063 E F0 3.063(,a)C(nd) --3.063 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.564(.T)C .564(he v)-5.564 F .564 -(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 -(of the operator consists of a major v)180 132 R .318(ersion number)-.15 -F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 -(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 144 R -.1(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.6 E F0 .1(\). If the minor v)B .101 -(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.601 E F0 5.101(.T) -C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 156 R F1 --.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 -(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 168 Q F1 -(application)144 184.8 Q F0(The)180 196.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 -.503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 -F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -208.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614 -(,a)C .114(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5 -(particular v)180 220.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501 -(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .501 -(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397(ci\214c program.)180 -232.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F -.396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .396 -(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 244.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E -(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 268.8 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 -(#Q)180 280.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 292.8 Q F1($endif)180 304.8 Q F2 -(variable)144 321.6 Q F0(The)180 333.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E F0 1.276 -(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276(vides simple equality tests for readline v) --.15 F 1.277(ariables and v)-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08 -(The permitted comparison operators are)180 345.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A -F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079 -(he v)-5.079 F .079(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from th\ -e comparison operator by whitespace; the operator may be separated from) -180 357.6 R .13(the v)180 369.6 R .13 -(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F .129 -(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F -(tested. Boolean v)180 381.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E +SF($if)180 84 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 96 S(uote the current or pre) +-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 108 Q +F1($endif)180 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)144 136.8 Q F0(The) +180 148.8 Q F2(variable)3.776 E F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +160.8 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 +(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 +(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ +or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 172.8 R .13 +(the v)180 184.8 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F +.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F +(tested. Boolean v)180 196.8 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E (ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 398.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) -144 398.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 -(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 415.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) -144 415.2 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 432 -Q F0 .356(This directi)144 444 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +-.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 213.6 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) +144 213.6 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 +(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 230.4 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) +144 230.4 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 +247.2 Q F0 .356(This directi)144 259.2 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E +.356(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 456 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 271.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 480 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 496.8 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 508.8 R .835 +($include)144 295.2 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 312 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 324 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 520.8 Q +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 336 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 537.6 R .697 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 352.8 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 549.6 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 364.8 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 561.6 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +(incremental search requires only as man)108 376.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 573.6 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +(acters present in the v)108 388.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 585.6 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 400.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 597.6 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +F .097(mental search.)108 412.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 (When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 609.6 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) -108 626.4 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 424.8 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) +108 441.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 638.4 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +(search backw)108 453.6 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 (ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 (xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 650.4 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 465.6 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 662.4 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +.541(instance, a)108 477.6 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 (will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 674.4 -Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 691.2 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 489.6 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 506.4 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) -3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 703.2 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 518.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 720 R -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(45)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 535.2 R(The searc\ +h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ +rent line.)108 547.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 564 Q F0 1.391 +(The follo)108 576 R 1.391 +(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 +(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 588 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 600 Q F2(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 612 Q F0 2.5 +(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 628.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 640.8 Q F0(Mo)144 652.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 664.8 Q F0(Mo)144 676.8 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 +688.8 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 700.8 Q .3 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(45)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The search string\ - may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current lin\ -e.)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 100.8 Q F0 -1.391(The follo)108 112.8 R 1.391 -(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 -(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 124.8 R .122 -(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 136.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.41 E F0 .91 -(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E F0 -.911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db).15 G -3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 148.8 Q F0 2.5 -(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 165.6 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 177.6 Q F0(Mo)144 189.6 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 201.6 Q F0(Mo)144 213.6 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 -225.6 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 237.6 Q .3 -.15(ve f) --.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 249.6 Q F0(Mo)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b) --.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 273.6 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 285.6 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) --.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 297.6 Q F1(backward\255w)108 309.6 Q -(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 321.6 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 84 Q F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 +H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 108 S(rward\255w).25 E +(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 120 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E +.523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F +.522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 132 Q F1(backward\255w)108 144 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 156 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 333.6 Q F1(shell\255f)108 345.6 -Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 357.6 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 -(ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) --.8 F(ters.)144 369.6 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 381.6 Q(ord)-.1 E -F0(Mo)144 393.6 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 -(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 -(ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F -(metacharacters.)144 405.6 Q F1(pr)108 417.6 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G -(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .891(Attempt to mo)144 429.6 R -1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891(oint to the same ph).15 F .891 -(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .89(vious ph)-.25 F .89 -(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)144 441.6 R 1.17 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 168 Q F1(shell\255f)108 180 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 192 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) +-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F +(ters.)144 204 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 216 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 +228 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 240 Q +F1(pr)108 252 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 +.891(Attempt to mo)144 264 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891 +(oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F +.89(vious ph)-.25 F .89(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha) +144 276 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G -3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 453.6 Q(ysical line or \ -if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen w\ -idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 465.6 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 -(Attempt to mo)144 477.6 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638 -(oint to the same ph).15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F -.637(xt ph)-.15 F .637(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha) -144 489.6 R .309 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 +3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 288 Q(ysical line or if\ + point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\ +th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 300 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 +(Attempt to mo)144 312 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638(oint to the same ph) +.15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637 +(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)144 324 R .309 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G 2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ -length of the prompt plus)144 501.6 R(the screen width.)144 513.6 Q F1 -(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 525.6 Q F0 1.498 -(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 537.6 R 3.999(ss) --.55 G 1.499(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.999(,t)-.4 G -1.499(hen redra)-3.999 F 3.999(wt)-.15 G 1.499(he current line,)-3.999 F -(lea)144 549.6 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E -F1(clear\255scr)108 561.6 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36 -(Clear the screen, then redra)144 573.6 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 -(he current line, lea)-3.86 F 1.36 -(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 585.6 -S(th an ar).4 E -(gument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.)-.18 E F1 --.18(re)108 597.6 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 -(Refresh the current line.)144 609.6 Q F1(Commands f)87 626.4 Q -(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -638.4 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 650.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.158(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 -(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159 -(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699(according to the state of the) -144 662.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) -2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 -(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 674.4 Q F1(pr)108 -686.4 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 698.4 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24) -144.29 E(46)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +length of the prompt plus)144 336 R(the screen width.)144 348 Q F1 +(clear\255scr)108 360 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 372 R .993 +(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G +.993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 384 Q F1 -.18(re)108 396 +S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 +408 Q F1(Commands f)87 424.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 436.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 +(Accept the line re)144 448.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) +5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 +(according to the state of the)144 460.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F +.699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 472.8 Q F1(pr)108 +484.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 496.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 508.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 520.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 532.8 Q F0(Mo)144 544.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 556.8 Q F0(Mo)144 568.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 +(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 +(re v)108 580.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 +1.471(Search backw)144 592.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 +(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +(This is an incremental search.)144 604.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 616.8 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 628.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 640.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 652.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) +144 664.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 676.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 688.8 Q +(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 +E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 700.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 +712.8 Q(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(46) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 84 Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 96 Q -(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E -(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 108 -Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G -(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1 -(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 132 Q F0(Mo)144 144 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G -(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 -156 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 -(Search backw)144 168 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 180 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 192 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 204 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 -F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 -F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 216 Q F1(non\255incr)108 -228 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E -(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)144 240 R .164(ar\ -d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ -tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 252 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E -(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 264 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) --.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 276 R -1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ -ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 288 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 -300 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 312 R .249(a\ -rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ -f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 324 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 336 Q -(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 348 R .951(ard through \ -the history for the string of characters between the start of the curre\ -nt)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 360 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) -108 372 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 384 R .951(ard \ -through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ -he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 396 -R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 -(search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 -(line. This)144 408 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -(history\255substring\255sear)108 420 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 432 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 -(and the point.)144 444 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F -.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) -5.318 F(search.)144 456 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 468 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 480 R .622 +SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249 +(Search forw)144 96 R .249(ard through the history for the string of ch\ +aracters between the start of the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 +108 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 120 Q +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard through t\ +he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ +t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 144 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) +5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)108 156 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 +.951(Search backw)144 168 R .951(ard through the history for the string\ + of characters between the start of the current)-.1 F .007 +(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 180 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 +(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 +(line. This)144 192 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 +(history\255substring\255sear)108 204 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 +.249(Search forw)144 216 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 +(and the point.)144 228 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F +.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) +5.319 F(search.)144 240 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 252 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 264 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144 -492 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144 +276 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 504 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 288 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 516 R .282(vious command.) --.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 528 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 540 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 552 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 564 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 -F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 -E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 576 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 300 R .281(vious command.) +-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 312 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 324 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 +(Insert the last ar)144 336 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 348 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 +F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 +E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 360 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 588 R(An)5.416 E +.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 372 R(An)5.416 E 2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415 -(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 600 R 1.518 -.15 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416 +(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 384 R 1.518 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 612 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 396 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -624 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 636 Q F0 .622 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 648 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 660 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +408 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 420 Q F0 .623 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 432 R .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 444 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. 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+(history for editing.)144 636 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F +.729 +(gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) +-.18 F(the current line.)144 648 Q F1 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 660 Q F0(In)144 +672 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146 +(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E +(tempts to in)144 684 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and) +2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G +(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 700.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E +(ext)-.92 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(47)190.95 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(magic\255space)108 84 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 96 R .437 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.438 E/F2 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.938 E(OR)-.162 E 2.688(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.688 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 108 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G -(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(alias\255expand\255line)108 120 Q F0 .395(Perform alias e)144 132 R -.395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E -F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .394(or a description of alias e) -.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 144 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 156 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 168 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 180 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 192 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) --.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 204 Q F0 .947 -(Accept the current line for e)144 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73 -(history for editing.)144 228 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F -.729 -(gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) --.18 F(the current line.)144 240 Q F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 252 Q F0(In)144 -264 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146 -(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E -(tempts to in)144 276 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 -E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and) -2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5 -(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 292.8 -Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 304.8 Q F1 -(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 316.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298 -(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 328.8 R -.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 340.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 352.8 Q F0 .442 -(Delete the character at point.)144 364.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 -(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 376.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) --2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 388.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 400.8 R -5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 -(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 412.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 424.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 436.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 448.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 460.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 -472.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 -(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 -(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 484.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 496.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 508.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 520.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 532.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 544.8 Q F0 .322 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 556.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 -(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F .372 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -568.8 R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .373(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.373 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .673 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha) -144 580.8 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 592.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -604.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) --2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 616.8 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 628.8 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 -640.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 652.8 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 664.8 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 676.8 Q 1.648 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 688.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 700.8 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 -712.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 724.8 S(rd, b) -.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(48)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(end\255of\255\214le)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 96 R .799 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 +(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 108 R +.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +(as the end of input and returns)144 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)2.5 +E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 132 Q F0 +.441(Delete the character at point.)144 144 R .442 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F2 +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 156 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 +E F2(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F2(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) +108 168 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 180 R 5.553 +(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 192 Q F2 -.25 +(fo)108 204 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 216 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 228 Q F2 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 240 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +252 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) +-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 +(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F2(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C +(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 264 S(ample.).15 E F2(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) +108 276 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 288 Q(.)-.55 E F2 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 300 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 312 Q F2(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) +108 324 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 336 R .321 +(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 +(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 +(ard as well.)-.1 F .372 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 348 +R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 +360 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F2 +(transpose\255w)108 372 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +384 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 396 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F2(upcase\255w)108 408 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 420 +R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 432 S(rd, b).1 E +(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2(do)108 444 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 456 Q 1.647 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 468 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2(capitalize\255w)108 480 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 492 +R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 504 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2 -.1(ove)108 516 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 528 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 540 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 552 Q F2(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F2(vi) +4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F1 -.37(re) +4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969 +(mode. In)144 564 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469 +(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F2(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 +1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957 +(pushing the te)144 576 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +(Characters bound to)5.957 F F2(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 588 Q +(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F2(Killing and Y)87 +604.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 616.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 628.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F2 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 640.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 652.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F2 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 664.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 676.8 +Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E +(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F2(kill\255whole\255line)108 688.8 Q F0 +(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 +700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(48)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(ove)108 84 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 96 S .438(ggle o) -.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e) -.4 F .438(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 -F .437(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 -F -.4(Wi)144 108 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 --.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 120 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi) -4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894 -(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 132 R -.15(ove)3.968 G -1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.958(pushing the te)144 144 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 -(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 -.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 156 Q -(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -172.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 184.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 196.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 208.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 220.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 232.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 244.8 -Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E -(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 256.8 Q F0 -(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -268.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 280.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 292.8 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 304.8 S +SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 316.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 328.8 Q(ord behind point.) --.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 340.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 352.8 -R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 364.8 S +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 120 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 132 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 +E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 144 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R +.729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 168 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 376.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 388.8 R 3.025 +108 180 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 192 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 400.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 412.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 424.8 R .365 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -436.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 448.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w) -144 460.8 R .166 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 204 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 216 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 228 R .364 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 +240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 +264 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 472.8 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 276 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 484.8 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 496.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 -508.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 520.8 Q(xt in the current re) --.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 532.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E -F0(Cop)144 544.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 288 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 300 Q F1(kill\255r)108 312 +Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 324 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E +(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 336 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) +144 348 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 556.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 568.8 Q 4.801 -(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 580.8 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 592.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 604.8 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo) --.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008 -(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 -F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 616.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.) -A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 628.8 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 640.8 S +(copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) +-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 384 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 408 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) +-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 432 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 444 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 652.8 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 664.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 456 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 468 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 681.6 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 693.6 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 484.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 496.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 705.6 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 508.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 717.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(49)193.45 E 0 -Cg EP +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 532.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 544.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 +(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 +(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 +556.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +568.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 +(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 +(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 592.8 R 1.23 +(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 604.8 R .822 +(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 616.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) +87 633.6 Q(complete \(T)108 645.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 657.6 R 1.137 +(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 681.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 +(If none of these pro-)5.701 F +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 693.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 705.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(49)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(uni)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 -(This is another w)144 96 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 -(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 -(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 -(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -108 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -120 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) -3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 -(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 132 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 -(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 144 R 1.23 -(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 156 R .823 -(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 168 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E -(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 184.8 Q(complete \(T)108 196.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 208.8 R 1.137 -(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 220.8 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 232.8 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 -(If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 244.8 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 256.8 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 268.8 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 280.8 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 292.8 R .783 -(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 -304.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 316.8 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 -328.8 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 -F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.194(possible completions.)144 340.8 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 352.8 R .828 +SF(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 84 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 96 R .783(xt before point that w) +-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by) +.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 108 Q F0(.)A F1 +(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 132 R F1(complete) +3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929 +(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193 +(possible completions.)144 144 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 156 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 364.8 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 -3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F -.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 376.8 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +(\(subject to the setting of)144 168 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 +(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 +(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E +F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 180 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 388.8 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) -5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 400.8 Q F0 .82 -(Identical to)144 412.8 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 -(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +E(through the list.)144 192 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 +E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 204 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 +216 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 424.8 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) -.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 436.8 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 448.8 R -.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 460.8 R -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 -(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 -(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 472.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 484.8 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 496.8 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 508.8 Q -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 520.8 Q +(menu\255complete)144 228 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) +.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 240 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 252 R .234 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 +E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 264 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) +2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 +276 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 288 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 300 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 312 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 324 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 532.8 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 544.8 Q +(complete\255user)108 336 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 348 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 556.8 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 568.8 Q +108 360 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 372 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -580.8 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 -592.8 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1(possible\255v)108 604.8 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 616.8 Q +384 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 396 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 628.8 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 640.8 Q +(possible\255v)108 408 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 432 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 652.8 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 664.8 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 456 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 676.8 Q F0 .58 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 688.8 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 700.8 R +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 480 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .581 +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 504 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 712.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(50)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(\214nally e)144 516 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 528 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 540 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 552 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 564 R .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 +(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F +(for possible completion matches.)144 576 Q F1(dab)108 588 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 600 R .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 +(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 612 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 624 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ +in braces so)144 636 R(the list is a)144 648 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 664.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 676.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 688.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 700.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 712.8 Q +(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(50)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 84 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 96 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 108 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 120 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 -(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 132 Q F1(dab)108 144 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 156 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 -(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 168 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 180 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ -me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 192 R(the list is a)144 204 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 220.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 232.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 244.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E -(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 256.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 268.8 Q -(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 280.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 292.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 304.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 316.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 -(Print the last k)144 328.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +SF(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 84 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 E +F0(Re-e)144 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +.999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro appea\ +r as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 108 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 120 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 +(Print the last k)144 132 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 345.6 Q -.18(re)108 357.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 369.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 -(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -381.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 393.6 Q F0 3.249 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 405.6 R -5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 417.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 429.6 Q(wer)-.1 E +(Miscellaneous)87 148.8 Q -.18(re)108 160.8 S.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 172.8 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 +(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +184.8 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 196.8 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 208.8 R +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +(bell\255style)144 220.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 232.8 Q(wer)-.1 E (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 441.6 R F2(x) -4.238 E F0 1.739 -(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 -F(meta\214ed lo)144 453.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 244.8 R F2(x) +4.239 E F0 1.739 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 +F(meta\214ed lo)144 256.8 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G (he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo) -2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 465.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 -(Metafy the ne)144 477.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 268.8 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 +(Metafy the ne)144 280.8 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 489.6 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 501.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 513.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 525.6 R .231(This is lik)5.231 -F 2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .23(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.73 E F0 -.23(command enough times to re-)2.73 F -(turn the line to its initial state.)144 537.6 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 549.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 561.6 Q +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 292.8 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 304.8 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 316.8 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 328.8 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F +2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0 +.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F +(turn the line to its initial state.)144 340.8 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 352.8 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 364.8 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 573.6 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 585.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 376.8 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 388.8 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 597.6 Q F0(Sw) -144 609.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 400.8 Q F0(Sw) +144 412.8 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) -144 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 633.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 -645.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +144 424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 436.8 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 +448.8 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 657.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 669.6 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 681.6 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +144 460.8 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 472.8 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 484.8 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 693.6 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 705.6 Q F0 1.827 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 717.6 R 2.126 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 729.6 R -.791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 496.8 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 508.8 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 520.8 R 2.126 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 532.8 R +.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(51)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 544.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G +2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15 +(ve n)-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F +(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ +ing stray characters into the editing b)144 556.8 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E +5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 568.8 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 +580.8 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 592.8 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48 +(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .481 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 604.8 Q .245 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 +(the characters at the be)144 616.8 R .321 +(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 628.8 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 640.8 R 1.468 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 652.8 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 664.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 676.8 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 688.8 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 +700.8 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for \ +possible completions.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 +E(51)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .332 -(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 84 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831(sp) -.15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)-.15 E -.026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stray chara\ -cters into the editing b)144 96 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)-.55 G -(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 108 Q(ault, b)-.1 E -(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 120 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 132 S .481 -(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481(gument, the v)-.18 F .481 -(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va) -2.981 G .48(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 144 Q .244 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 -(the characters at the be)144 156 R .321 -(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 168 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 180 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 192 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 204 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 216 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 228 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 240 -R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ -le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 252 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 264 R .176 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 -(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 276 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(glob\255expand\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 +96 R .176(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F +.176(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 108 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 288 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 300 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 312 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 120 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 132 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 144 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 324 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 156 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 336 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 348 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 360 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 372 Q +(ex)144 168 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 180 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 192 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 204 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 384 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 396 R .762 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F .762(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 408 R .108 -(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .109 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 420 Q -(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 432 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 444 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 456 Q +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 216 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 228 R .762 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 240 R .109 +(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 252 Q +(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 264 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 276 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 288 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 468 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 480 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 492 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 300 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 312 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 324 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 508.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 -520.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 340.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +352.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 532.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 364.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 544.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 561.6 R .498 -(If the command w)5.498 F .497 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 -573.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 376.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 393.6 R .497 +(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +405.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) -5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 585.6 R .822 -(for the w)108 597.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F -.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 609.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) +5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 417.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 429.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 441.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 621.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 -G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0 .057 -(option to)108 633.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 453.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0 .056 +(option to)108 465.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F -.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 645.6 R .332(ord as a \ +.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 477.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 -F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108 -657.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ -d to generate the list of matching w)108 674.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F -3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 686.4 Q +F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108 +489.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ +d to generate the list of matching w)108 506.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F +3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 518.4 Q (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 703.2 R -.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 715.2 R .596 -(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 535.2 R +.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 547.2 R .595 +(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 727.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(52)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(shell v)108 559.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 576 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G +1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 +(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 588 S +.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 600 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 616.8 Q +.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 +F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 +628.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F +.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 +(using brace e)108 640.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 +652.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 +664.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 676.8 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .233 +(After these matches ha)108 693.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233 +(een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F12.734 E +F0(and)2.734 E F12.734 E F0(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108 +705.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208 +(the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208 +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.708 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.458 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 717.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 +(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 +729.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 +(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(52)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(An)108 84 Q 4.084 -(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 -(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF4.084 E F0 -1.584(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 96 -S .555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE) -3.054 E F0 .554(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 108 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 124.8 Q -.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F -F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 136.8 R F2(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 -(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 148.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 -160.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -172.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 184.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .234 -(After these matches ha)108 201.6 R .534 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .234 -(een generated, an).15 F 2.734(ys)-.15 G .233 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.734 F F12.733 E -F0(and)2.733 E F12.733 E F0(op-)2.733 E 4.208(tions is in)108 -213.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.708(d. When).1 F 4.209 -(the command or function is in)6.708 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.209 -(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)6.709 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)6.459 E F3(,)A F2 -(COMP_KEY)108 225.6 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 -(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 -237.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 -(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 -(the function or command is in)108 249.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C -2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) --.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 261.6 R .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) --2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 273.6 -R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 285.6 R -.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .346 +(the function or command is in)108 84 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($1)A +F0 2.847(\)i)C 2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar) +-2.847 F(guments)-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 96 R +.264(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264 +(he w)-2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 108 R +.628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 120 R +.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 297.6 Q(An)108 314.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 -(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 326.4 Q F1 -(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 -338.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 355.2 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F12.581 E F0 .081 -(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na) --2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va) --.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 367.2 R -.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \ -output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -379.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 396 R 2.877 -<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 E F0 -.376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 408 R .681 -(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681(xpansion; a) --.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 -F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523(the w)108 420 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F -3.023(Al)5.523 G(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +108 132 Q(An)108 148.8 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 160.8 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 +(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(COMPREPL)108 172.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E +(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 189.6 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F +2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 +.081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581 +(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 +201.6 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the s\ +tandard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F +(to escape a ne)108 213.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 230.4 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 242.4 R +.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 +(the w)108 254.4 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 432 R -(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 444 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 266.4 R +(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 278.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 456 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 290.4 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -472.8 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 +307.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 484.8 Q .247 -(If the pre)108 501.6 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 319.2 Q .246 +(If the pre)108 336 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F -F1(complete)108 513.6 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 530.4 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F +F1(complete)108 348 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 +(If the)108 364.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 542.4 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 559.2 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 571.2 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 583.2 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 595.2 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 376.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 +(By def)108 393.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F +.632(of possible completions.)108 405.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 417.6 R +.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 429.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 607.2 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 441.6 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -619.2 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +453.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 636 R .633(tions force r\ -eadline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links t\ -o directories, subject)108 648 R 2.761(to the v)108 660 R 2.761 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 672 Q -(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -688.8 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 -(tion with a def)108 700.8 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 470.4 R .632(tions force\ + readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ + to directories, subject)108 482.4 R 2.762(to the v)108 494.4 R 2.762 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 506.4 +Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E +.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +523.2 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +(tion with a def)108 535.2 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ -uld be retried by returning an e)108 712.8 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 +uld be retried by returning an e)108 547.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 724.8 R -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(53)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 559.2 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 571.2 R .666 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 +583.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 595.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 +E -.15(Fo)108 612 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F +.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F +(the command, the follo)108 624 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 +E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 640.8 Q({)108 652.8 Q 6 +(.")144 664.8 S +(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 +676.8 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 +688.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(53)190.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .666 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 84 R .665 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 96 -R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 G -.084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F .084 -(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 108 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ -ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 -(Fo)108 124.8 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F -.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 136.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E -(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 153.6 Q({)108 165.6 Q 6 -(.")144 177.6 S -(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -189.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -201.6 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 230.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.371(When the)108 242.4 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .371(\255o history)2.871 -F F0 .371(option to the)2.871 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 -(the list of commands pre)108 254.4 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 -(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) -2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .429(mands to sa)108 266.4 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 -(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 -(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 84 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372(When the)108 +96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 +(option to the)2.872 F F2(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 +(the list of commands pre)108 108 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 +(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) +2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 +F .43(mands to sa)108 120 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 +(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F4 +(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -278.4 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 290.4 -S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 +132 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 144 S +4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 -(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 302.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0 .082 +(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F4(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 +(and)3.815 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 156 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 319.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 -E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -331.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +108 172.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +E F3(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +184.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F4(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G -.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 343.2 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F5 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F3(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 355.2 S +.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 196.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F4 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F5(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F2(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 +.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 208.8 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 367.2 Q 1.605 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 220.8 Q 1.604 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 -(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15 -(stamps for the follo)108 379.2 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 +(stamps for the follo)108 232.8 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 391.2 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E -F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 -(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 -($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158 -(copied from the history list to)108 403.2 R F5($HISTFILE)2.658 E F6(.)A -F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F3(shopt)108 -415.2 Q F0(under)2.582 E F5 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 +.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 244.8 Q F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 +-.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 +(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F4 +($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 +(copied from the history list to)108 256.8 R F4($HISTFILE)2.659 E F5(.)A +F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F2(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F2(shopt)108 +268.8 Q F0(under)2.581 E F4 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.196(history \214le is o)108 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If) -.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ - unwritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 -(If the)108 439.2 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +.197(history \214le is o)108 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) +.15 F F4(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ + unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 +(If the)108 292.8 R F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 451.2 R -3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 -(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 463.2 -R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G -1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 475.2 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E -F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 487.2 Q +F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 304.8 R +3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 +(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 316.8 +R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G +1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 +(truncated to contain no more than)108 328.8 R F4(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E +F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F4(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 340.8 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 -(The b)108 504 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see)2.799 -E F5 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 516 R(The) -5.471 E F3(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 528 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) --.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 540 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 556.8 -R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 +(The b)108 357.6 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +2.798 E F4 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 369.6 R +(The)5.472 E F2(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 381.6 R .001 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 393.6 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 410.4 +R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 568.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G -.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F3 -(cmdhist)108 580.8 Q F0 .75 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.985 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 422.4 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F2 +(cmdhist)108 434.4 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 592.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 446.4 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 604.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 616.8 R F3(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 -(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 458.4 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 +(description of the)108 470.4 R F2(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F4 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -628.8 Q F2(HIST)72 645.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E -(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 657.6 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section)-5.611 -F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 669.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G -3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F -.949(can be disabled using the)108 681.6 R F3(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 -(option to the)3.449 F F3(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .95 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.2 E(lo)108 693.6 Q 2.5 +482.4 Q F1(HIST)72 499.2 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E +(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 511.2 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F +.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 523.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F +.95(can be disabled using the)108 535.2 R F2(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 +(option to the)3.449 F F2(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F4 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 547.2 Q 2.5 (w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H (hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -1.306(History e)108 710.4 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ -ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ -t)-.1 F .209(commands, insert the ar)108 722.4 R .209(guments to a pre) --.18 F .21 -(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(54)193.45 E -0 Cg EP +1.305(History e)108 564 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords\ + from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repeat) +-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 576 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F +.209(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre) +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 588 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e) +108 604.8 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete li\ +ne is read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 616.8 S +.252(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 +(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 628.8 Q .145 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ +rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ +titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ +r inclusion into the current one.)108 640.8 R .766 +(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 652.8 R F3 +-.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F3(wor) +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F3(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 664.8 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F +.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f) +-.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 676.8 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 +.572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) +-.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 688.8 R .355 +(xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!) +3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 +700.8 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F +(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ +tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 712.8 R +(string.)108 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(54) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(commands quickly) -108 84 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 100.8 R 1.163(xpansion is perform\ -ed immediately after a complete line is read, before the shell breaks i\ -t into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 112.8 S .251 -(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 -(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 124.8 Q .146 -(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ -rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ -titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 136.8 R .767 -(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 148.8 R/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F1(wor) -2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F1(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) --.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 160.8 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F -.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f) --.1 F .539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 172.8 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 -.572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) --.1 F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 184.8 R .355 -(xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791 -(Only backslash \()108 196.8 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F -(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ -tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 208.8 R -(string.)108 220.8 Q(Se)108 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 -(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Se)108 84 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 249.6 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G -.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 261.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 278.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 290.4 R F2 -(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F2(shopt) -2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F2 --.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used, hist\ -ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 -302.4 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448 -(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 314.4 R F2 -.18(re) +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 96 T 3.163 +(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662 +(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and)-.25 +F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he) +-3.162 E F1(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F1 +(\()3.162 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 108 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 +124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1 +(shopt)2.609 E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11 +(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11(vior of history e)-.2 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E .232(If the)108 136.8 R F1(histv)2.732 E(erify)-.1 E +F0 .231(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F1 +(shopt)2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 +F F1 -.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .231(is be-)2.731 F .449(ing used,\ + history substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser) +108 148.8 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .449(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .449 +(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 160.8 R F1 -.18(re) 4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G -(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F2(histr)108 326.4 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F1 -.18(re)4.728 G +(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F1(histr)108 172.8 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 338.4 S -.25(ff).2 G -.303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E F22.803 E F0 .303 -(option to the)2.803 F F2(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 184.8 S -.25(ff).2 G +.304(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.304 E F12.804 E F0 .304 +(option to the)2.804 F F1(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .303 (iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52 -(pansion will do before using it.)108 350.4 R(The)5.52 E F23.02 E -F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F2(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 +(pansion will do before using it.)108 196.8 R(The)5.52 E F13.02 E +F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F1(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 362.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(end of the history list without actually e)108 208.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 379.2 R +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.109(The shell allo)108 225.6 R 1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108 (arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 391.2 R -F2(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .162 +(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .162(scription of)108 237.6 R +F1(histchars)2.662 E F0(abo)2.662 E .462 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +.163(Shell V)2.662 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .163 (shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F -(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 403.2 Q F2(Ev) -87 420 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 432 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 249.6 Q F1(Ev) +87 266.4 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\ -y list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 444 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot).15 G -(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 460.8 Q F0 -1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 460.8 R 1.608 -(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 472.8 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 -(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 484.8 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 -484.8 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 496.8 Q F1(n)A F0 -(Refer to the current command minus)144 496.8 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E -F2(!!)108 508.8 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 508.8 Q(vious command.)-.25 E -(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 520.8 Q F1(string) -A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ -on in the history list starting with)144 520.8 R F1(string)144.34 532.8 -Q F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 544.8 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to t\ -he most recent command preceding the current position in the history li\ -st containing)144 556.8 R F1(string)144.34 568.8 Q F0 5.496(.T).22 G -.496(he trailing)-5.496 F F2(?)2.996 E F0 .496(may be omitted if)2.996 F -F1(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F .497(wed immediately by a ne) --.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F1(string)2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(miss\ -ing, the string from the most recent search is used; it is an error if \ -there is no pre)144 580.8 R .39(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 592.8 Q -/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 609.8 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1 -(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .752(Quick substitution.)144 616.8 R .752 -(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1) -3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F1(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 -E -.25(va)-.25 G .753(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 628.8 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I F1(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 -I F0 1.48 -.74('' \()-5 L(see).74 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 640.8 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 -640.8 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75(Wo)87 657.6 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 --.8(Wo)108 669.6 S 1.314(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 -F 1.314(ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:) -3.814 E F0 1.313(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313 -(nt speci\214cation).15 F .529(from the w)108 681.6 R .529 -(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529 -(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529(ord designator be)-.1 F .529 -(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E -F0(,)A F23.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C -(ords)-6.33 E .516(are numbered from the be)108 693.6 R .516 +y list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 +290.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot) +.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 307.2 Q +F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 307.2 R 1.607 +(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 319.2 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 331.2 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)144 331.2 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 +343.2 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 343.2 Q F2(n) +2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 355.2 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 355.2 Q +(vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!) +108 367.2 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ +ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 367.2 R +F2(string)144.34 379.2 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 391.2 Q F2(string)A F1 +([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current \ +position in the history list containing)144 403.2 R F2(string)144.34 +415.2 Q F0 5.497(.T).22 G .497(he trailing)-5.497 F F1(?)2.997 E F0 .497 +(may be omitted if)2.997 F F2(string)3.337 E F0 .496(is follo)3.216 F +.496(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.996(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) +2.996 E F0(is)2.996 E .39(missing, the string from the most recent sear\ +ch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 427.2 R .391 +(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 439.2 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 +456.2 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .753 +(Quick substitution.)144 463.2 R .753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753 +(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F2 +(string2)3.592 E F0 5.752(.E).02 G(qui)-5.752 E -.25(va)-.25 G .752 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 475.2 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 +I F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \() +-5 L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 +487.2 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 487.2 Q(ar)-.1 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.75(Wo)87 504 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 516 S +1.313(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314 +(ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 +1.314(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation) +.15 F .53(from the w)108 528 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 +(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 +($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E .515 +(are numbered from the be)108 540 R .516 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-) -.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 705.6 -Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(55)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-) +.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 552 Q +F1 2.5(0\()108 568.8 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 580.8 Q +2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E +F2(n)108.36 592.8 Q F0(The)144 592.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E +F1(^)108 604.8 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 604.8 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 616.8 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 616.8 +R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064 +(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F +.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 628.8 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +F1(%)108 640.8 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 640.8 R 1.419 +(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.42 +(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.42(gins with a)-.15 F +(character that is part of a w)144 652.8 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 664.8 +Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 664.8 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 +E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1 +(*)108 676.8 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 676.8 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316 +(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F +F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*) +2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 688.8 Q(ord in the e) +-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 +E F1(x*)108 700.8 Q F0(Abbre)144 700.8 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 712.8 Q F0(Abbre)144 712.8 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$) +2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w) +-2.7 E 2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0(is missing, it def)2.5 E +(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w)108 729.6 Q +(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E +(55)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF 2.5(0\()108 84 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 96 Q 2.5 -(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 108 Q F0(The)144 108 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w) -A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 120 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 120 Q 2.5 -(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 132 Q F0 .063 -(The last w)144 132 R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar) -2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064 -(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 -144 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 156 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 -156 R 1.42(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.419 -(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419(gins with a)-.15 F -(character that is part of a w)144 168 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 180 Q F1 -A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 180 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2 -(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*) -108 192 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 192 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315 -(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F -F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*) -2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 204 Q(ord in the e) --.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 -E F1(x*)108 216 Q F0(Abbre)144 216 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.) -A F1<78ad>108 228 Q F0(Abbre)144 228 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 -(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E -2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 -E(If a w)108 244.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E -(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 261.6 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 273.6 R .184 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 -(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 285.6 Q +SF(Modi\214ers)87 84 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 96 R .183 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 108 Q (These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E (ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 302.4 Q F0(Remo)144 302.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 124.8 Q F0(Remo)144 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 314.4 Q F0(Remo)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +108 136.8 Q F0(Remo)144 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 326.4 Q F0(Remo)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E -(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 338.4 Q F0(Remo)144 338.4 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 -350.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 350.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E -(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 362.4 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 362.4 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 374.4 Q F0 .385 -(Quote the substituted w)144 374.4 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 -E F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1 -(blanks)2.886 E F0 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) -2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F1(x)2.886 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 -386.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G -(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 398.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 410.4 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E -F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 +108 148.8 Q F0(Remo)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +(\214x of the form)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C +(ea)-2.5 E(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 160.8 Q F0(Remo)144 160.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E +F1(p)108 172.8 Q F0(Print the ne)144 172.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 +E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 184.8 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 184.8 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 196.8 Q F0 .386 +(Quote the substituted w)144 196.8 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886 +E F0 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F1 +(blanks)2.885 E F0 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) +2.885 E F0(and)2.885 E F1(x)2.885 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 +208.8 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G +(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 220.8 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A +F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 232.8 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E +F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 (in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969 -(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953 -(delimiter in place of /.)144 422.4 R .953 +(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954 +(delimiter in place of /.)144 244.8 R .953 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131 -(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 434.4 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 +5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .953(nt line.).15 F .131 +(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 256.8 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 (If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631 -(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 446.4 R F2 +(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 268.8 R F2 (old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.) -2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last) -3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 458.4 R -2.987(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486 +3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 280.8 R +2.986(,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486 (vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326 -E F0 .486(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.986 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.986 -(search. If)5.486 F F2(ne)144.36 470.4 Q(w)-.15 E F0 +E F0 .487(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.987 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.987 +(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 292.8 Q(w)-.15 E F0 (is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&) -108 482.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 482.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 -(g)108 494.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 494.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 -(nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A -F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 506.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351 -(used with `)2.851 F F1(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F -(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 518.4 Q +108 304.8 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 304.8 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 +(g)108 316.8 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 316.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 +(nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A +F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 328.8 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35 +(used with `)2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.85 F +(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 340.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0 (may be used as a synon)2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 -530.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 530.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C +352.8 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 352.8 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E (ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 -SF(SHELL B)72 547.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 -(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 559.2 R .062(uiltin command documen\ +SF(SHELL B)72 369.6 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063 +(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 381.6 R .062(uiltin command documen\ ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1108 -571.2 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 .577 +393.6 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 .577 (to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0 (,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 583.2 R F1 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 405.6 R F1 2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) 2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 595.2 R .261 -(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) --5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 +2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 417.6 R .26 +(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F12.76 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.76 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) -108 607.2 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1 +108 429.6 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 (lid options and require).25 F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 -619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 637.2 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 649.2 R .452 +441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 459.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 471.6 R .451 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 661.2 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 678 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 690 Q(ce)-.18 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F +2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 483.6 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 500.4 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E +F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 512.4 Q(ce)-.18 E +F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 524.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 -(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.331 -(status of the last command e)144 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331(cuted from) -.15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2(\214lename) -5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F .488(names in) -144 726 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.988 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .488 -(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.738 F F2(\214lename)4.899 -E F0 5.489(.T).18 G .489(he \214le searched for in)-5.489 F F4 -.666(PA) -2.989 G(TH)-.189 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(56) -193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33 +(status of the last command e)144 536.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331 +(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2 +(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F +.489(names in)144 548.4 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.989 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .489(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.739 F F2 +(\214lename)4.899 E F0 5.488(.T).18 G .488(he \214le searched for in) +-5.488 F F4 -.666(PA)2.988 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 560.4 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 +(\214le is found in)144 572.4 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 +E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 +584.4 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F +2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 +(\214lename)144 596.4 Q F0 .485(is e)2.985 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.985 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .485(the positional parameters are unchanged.) +2.985 F .485(If the)5.485 F F12.985 E F0 .485(option is en-)2.985 +F(abled,)144 608.4 Q F1(sour)3.324 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .824(inherits an)3.324 +F 3.324(yt)-.15 G .824(rap on)-3.324 F F1(DEB)3.324 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.324 +(;i)C 3.324(fi)-3.324 G 3.324(ti)-3.324 G 3.324(sn)-3.324 G .825(ot, an) +-3.324 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.325 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .825(trap string is sa) +3.325 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.325(da).15 G .825(nd re-)-3.325 F .817 +(stored around the call to)144 620.4 R F1(sour)3.317 E(ce)-.18 E F0 +3.317(,a)C(nd)-3.317 E F1(sour)3.317 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .817(unsets the) +3.317 F F1(DEB)3.317 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .817(trap while it e)3.317 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.317(cutes. If).15 F F13.317 E F0(is)3.317 E 1.435 +(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 632.4 R F1(DEB)3.935 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 +(completes. The)144 644.4 R 1.262 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 +(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 656.4 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 673.2 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 685.2 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E +F2(name)144 697.2 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +.58(When ar)5.58 F .58 +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 709.2 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) +2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F 1.773 +(tution when the alias is e)144 721.2 R 4.273(xpanded. F)-.15 F 1.773 +(or each)-.15 F F2(name)4.273 E F0 1.773(in the ar)4.273 F 1.773 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)4.273 E F0(is)4.272 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(56)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .833 -(need not be e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.333 E F0 .832(is not in)3.333 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 -(\214le is found in)144 96 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH) --.189 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E -(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.481 G .981(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666 -(PA)144 108 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an) -5.112 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the) -2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 -F F2(\214lename)144 120 Q F0 .485(is e)2.985 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.985 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .485(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -2.985 F .485(If the)5.485 F F12.985 E F0 .485(option is en-)2.985 -F(abled,)144 132 Q F1(sour)3.325 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .825(inherits an)3.325 F -3.325(yt)-.15 G .825(rap on)-3.325 F F1(DEB)3.325 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.325 -(;i)C 3.325(fi)-3.325 G 3.324(ti)-3.325 G 3.324(sn)-3.324 G .824(ot, an) --3.324 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.324 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .824(trap string is sa) -3.324 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.324(da).15 G .824(nd re-)-3.324 F .817 -(stored around the call to)144 144 R F1(sour)3.317 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.317 -(,a)C(nd)-3.317 E F1(sour)3.317 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .817(unsets the)3.317 F -F1(DEB)3.317 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .817(trap while it e)3.317 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.317(cutes. If).15 F F13.317 E F0(is)3.318 E 1.435 -(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 156 R F1(DEB)3.935 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 -(completes. The)144 168 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 -(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 180 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0 -(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E F1(Alias)144 208.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E -F2(name)144 220.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F -.58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 232.8 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) -2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 244.8 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 -(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 256.8 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 268.8 Q F1(bg)108 285.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -297.6 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 309.6 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 321.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 333.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F1(bind)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .542 +(supplied, the name and v)144 84 R .542(alue of the alias is printed.) +-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Alias)5.542 E F0 .542 +(returns true unless a)3.042 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.043 E F0 +.543(is gi)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.043(nf).15 G(or)-3.043 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 96 Q F1(bg)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 124.8 R +F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 136.8 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 148.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 160.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F1(bind)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 374.4 Q F0 +F1-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 201.6 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 398.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) +(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) +(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 422.4 R F1 -.18(re) -2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 434.4 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144.23 446.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.968(,b).31 G .467 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.168 F -.467(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 458.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 249.6 R F1 -.18(re) +2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 261.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. 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F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A -(ve)-.1 E F0 1.59(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 518.4 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(vi\255command)180 333.6 Q F0 4.09(,a)C(nd)-4.09 E F2(vi\255insert)4.38 +E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.589 +(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A(ve) +-.1 E F0 1.589(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 345.6 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1144 530.4 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 530.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F1144 542.4 Q F0(Display)180 542.4 Q F1 -.18(re) +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1144 357.6 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 357.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F1144 369.6 Q F0(Display)180 369.6 Q F1 -.18(re) 2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 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If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 -(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 -E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 249.6 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 -(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -261.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 -(bu)108 278.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 290.4 Q .771 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .771(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +SF -.2(bu)108 84 S(iltin).2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(shell\255b)2.5 E +(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 96 Q .77 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .77(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e)-3.271 -F .77(xit status.)-.15 F .77(This is useful)5.77 F .615 -(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -302.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -314.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 --.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 326.4 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 355.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +F .771(xit status.)-.15 F .771(This is useful)5.771 F .616 +(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 108 +R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 120 R +.57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T) +-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 132 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2 +(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 160.8 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 367.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 172.8 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 379.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 -(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ +.254(subroutine call.)144 184.8 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 +(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 391.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) -144 403.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 415.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 427.2 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 444 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +ent e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 +(This e)144 208.8 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E +3.019(0. The)144 220.8 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 232.8 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 456 R F2(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E -F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 468 R -3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035 -(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) -3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E .826 -(the search path for the directory containing)144 480 R F2(dir)3.676 E -F0 3.326(:e).73 G .826(ach directory name in)-3.326 F F3(CDP)3.326 E --.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .827(is searched for)3.077 F F2(dir)144 492 -Q F0 5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 -(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 504 Q F3(CDP)3.101 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 .601(is the same as the current directory)2.851 F 3.102 -(,i)-.65 G .602(.e., `)-3.102 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.602(.I) -.74 G(f)-5.602 E F2(dir)3.452 E F0(be)3.832 E .602 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CD-)3.102 E -.666(PA)144 516 S -(TH)-.189 E F0 1.003(is not used.)3.254 F(The)6.003 E F13.503 E F0 -1.003(option causes)3.503 F F1(cd)3.503 E F0 1.003(to use the ph)3.503 F -1.003(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F .123 -(symbolic links while tra)144 528 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) +(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 261.6 R F2(dir) +2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is) +-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 273.6 R 3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G +1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2 +(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E +.827(the search path for the directory containing)144 285.6 R F2(dir) +3.676 E F0 3.326(:e).73 G .826(ach directory name in)-3.326 F F3(CDP) +3.326 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .826(is searched for)3.076 F F2 +(dir)144 297.6 Q F0 5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H +.665(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 309.6 Q F3(CDP)3.102 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .602(is the same as the current directory)2.852 F +3.102(,i)-.65 G .602(.e., `)-3.102 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.602 +(.I).74 G(f)-5.602 E F2(dir)3.451 E F0(be)3.831 E .601 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CD-)3.101 E -.666(PA)144 321.6 +S(TH)-.189 E F0 1.003(is not used.)3.253 F(The)6.003 E F13.503 E +F0 1.003(option causes)3.503 F F1(cd)3.503 E F0 1.003(to use the ph) +3.503 F 1.003(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F .123 +(symbolic links while tra)144 333.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) 2.623 E F0 .123(and before processing instances of)2.623 F F2(..)2.623 E F0(in)2.623 E F2(dir)2.623 E F0 .123(\(see also the)2.623 F F1 -2.623 E F0(op-)2.623 E .43(tion to the)144 540 R F1(set)2.93 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command\); the).2 F F12.929 E F0 .429 -(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.929 F .429(wed by resolving) --.25 F .472(the link after processing instances of)144 552 R F2(..)2.972 -E F0(in)2.972 E F2(dir)2.973 E F0 5.473(.I)C(f)-5.473 E F2(..)2.973 E F0 -.473(appears in)2.973 F F2(dir)2.973 E F0 2.973(,i)C 2.973(ti)-2.973 G -2.973(sp)-2.973 G .473(rocessed by remo)-2.973 F .473(ving the)-.15 F -.948(immediately pre)144 564 R .948(vious pathname component from)-.25 F -F2(dir)3.448 E F0 3.448(,b)C .948(ack to a slash or the be)-3.448 F .948 -(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.448 E F0 5.948(.I)C(f)-5.948 E(the)144 576 Q -F12.868 E F0 .368(option is supplied with)2.868 F F12.868 E -F0 2.868(,a)C .368(nd the current w)-2.868 F .368 +2.623 E F0(op-)2.622 E .429(tion to the)144 345.6 R F1(set)2.929 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command\); the).2 F F12.929 E F0 .43 +(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.929 F .43(wed by resolving) +-.25 F .473(the link after processing instances of)144 357.6 R F2(..) +2.973 E F0(in)2.973 E F2(dir)2.973 E F0 5.473(.I)C(f)-5.473 E F2(..) +2.973 E F0 .473(appears in)2.973 F F2(dir)2.972 E F0 2.972(,i)C 2.972 +(ti)-2.972 G 2.972(sp)-2.972 G .472(rocessed by remo)-2.972 F .472 +(ving the)-.15 F .948(immediately pre)144 369.6 R .948 +(vious pathname component from)-.25 F F2(dir)3.448 E F0 3.448(,b)C .948 +(ack to a slash or the be)-3.448 F .948(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.448 E +F0 5.948(.I)C(f)-5.948 E(the)144 381.6 Q F12.868 E F0 .368 +(option is supplied with)2.868 F F12.868 E F0 2.868(,a)C .368 +(nd the current w)-2.868 F .368 (orking directory cannot be successfully deter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .612 -(mined after a successful directory change,)144 588 R F1(cd)3.112 E F0 -.612(will return an unsuccessful status.)3.112 F .612(On systems that) -5.612 F .353(support it, the)144 600 R F12.853 E F0 .354 -(option presents the e)2.853 F .354(xtended attrib)-.15 F .354 -(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F 5.354(.A)-.65 G(n) --5.354 E(ar)144 612 Q .072(gument of)-.18 F F12.572 E F0 .072 +(mined after a successful directory change,)144 393.6 R F1(cd)3.112 E F0 +.612(will return an unsuccessful status.)3.112 F .613(On systems that) +5.612 F .354(support it, the)144 405.6 R F12.854 E F0 .354 +(option presents the e)2.854 F .354(xtended attrib)-.15 F .354 +(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F 5.353(.A)-.65 G(n) +-5.353 E(ar)144 417.6 Q .072(gument of)-.18 F F12.572 E F0 .072 (is con)2.572 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .072(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.572 E F0 .072(before the directory change is attempted.)2.322 F .072 -(If a non-empty)5.072 F .054(directory name from)144 624 R F3(CDP)2.554 -E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .054(is used, or if)2.304 F F12.555 E -F0 .055(is the \214rst ar)2.555 F .055 +(If a non-empty)5.072 F .055(directory name from)144 429.6 R F3(CDP) +2.555 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .055(is used, or if)2.305 F F1 +2.555 E F0 .055(is the \214rst ar)2.555 F .054 (gument, and the directory change is suc-)-.18 F .168 -(cessful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 636 R 2.668(ww)-.25 G .168 -(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.768 F(The)5.168 -E(return v)144 648 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(cessful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 441.6 R 2.668(ww)-.25 G +.168(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.768 F(The) +5.168 E(return v)144 453.6 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E (as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 -664.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 676.8 Q F2(command)2.764 E F0(with) -3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 688.8 R -F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 482.4 Q F2(command)2.765 E F0(with) +3.335 E F2(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 +F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 494.4 R +F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E -F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 700.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F -.399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.202 E +F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 506.4 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 712.8 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 724.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 -(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(58)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +5.399 E .174(either the)144 518.4 R F12.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 +2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F12.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 530.4 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F1144 542.4 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F12.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F12.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 554.4 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 +(command)144.2 566.4 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 578.4 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 +(compgen)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 607.2 R +F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 619.2 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 631.2 R .131(When using the)5.131 F +F12.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) +2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 +F(mable completion f)144 643.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 667.2 R .352 +(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ +em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 +679.2 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 691.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 715.2 Q +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(58)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(command)3.704 E F0 -.1(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005 -(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 108 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 120 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 -(compgen)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 148.8 R -F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 160.8 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 172.8 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 -2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F -.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F -(mable completion f)144 184.8 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 208.8 R .352 -(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ -em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -220.8 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 232.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 256.8 Q -(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 -(complete)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 -(])A([)144 285.6 Q F1A F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 -E F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DEI) -A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 309.6 R -3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 -E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F13.133 -E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 -(options are supplied, e)144 321.6 R .139 -(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14 -(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 -333.6 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) +SF(complete)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(])A([)144 96 Q F1A F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E +F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 108 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho) +144 120 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F2 +(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F +F13.134 E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14 +(options are supplied, e)144 132 R .139 +(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139 +(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 +144 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) 2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 -(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 345.6 R(The)6.207 E -F13.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 357.6 R(`def)-.74 E +(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 156 R(The)6.208 E F1 +3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 168 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -369.6 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +180 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F13.455 E F0 .955 (option indicates that)3.455 F .876 -(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 381.6 R -(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) --3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 393.6 R(The)5.447 E -F12.947 E F0 .448 +(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 192 R(`empty') +-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-)-3.376 F +.448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 204 R(The)5.447 E F1 +2.947 E F0 .447 (option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 -(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 405.6 R -.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.02(limiter such as) -144 417.6 R F1(;)3.52 E F0(or)3.52 E F1(|)3.52 E F0 3.52(,w)C 1.021 -(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.52 F 1.021 -(If multiple options are sup-)6.021 F .708(plied, the)144 429.6 R F1 -3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F13.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 -F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1 -3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H -(f).15 E F13.207 E F0(,)A F1144 441.6 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) --2.603 E F12.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 -G(ther)-2.603 E F2(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 +(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 216 R +.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021 +(limiter such as)144 228 R F1(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F1(|)3.521 E F0 +3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02 +(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 240 R F1 +3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G(r).15 E F13.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 F +3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1 +3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H(f).15 E +F13.208 E F0(,)A F1144 252 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r)-2.604 E F1 +2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther) +-2.603 E F2(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 (guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F -(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 453.6 Q .153 +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 264 Q .152 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -477.6 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 -489.6 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 513.6 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 -(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) -144 525.6 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F13.223 E F0(and)3.223 E -F13.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 537.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 549.6 Q -F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 561.6 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +288 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 300 +Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 +E F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 324 R .856 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar) +5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 +E F0 3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 336 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 +3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F13.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 348 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 360 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 573.6 Q F2 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 585.6 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 597.6 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E -F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -609.6 Q F1(default)184 621.6 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 621.6 R 5.375 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 384 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 396 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 408 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 +.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 420 Q +F1(default)184 432 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 432 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G +(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 633.6 Q F1(dir)184 645.6 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ -ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 657.6 Q F1 -(\214lenames)184 669.6 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 681.6 S .137(ll readline that th\ -e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> --.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 693.6 R -2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) --2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 -705.6 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 717.6 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(59)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +224 444 Q F1(dir)184 456 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 468 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +480 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 492 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 504 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 516 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 528 Q F1(noquote) +184 540 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 540 S .814 +(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 552 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 564 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 564 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 576 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 576 S +.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 588 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 600 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 600 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 612 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 624 +Q F1144 636 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 648 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 +660 Q F0(Alias names.)224 660 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 672 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 684 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 696 Q(Readline)224 696 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 708 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 708 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(59)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(noquote)184 84 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 84 S .814 -(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 96 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 108 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 108 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 120 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 120 S -.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 132 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 144 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 144 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 -(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 156 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 168 -Q F1144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 192 -Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E -(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -204 Q F0(Alias names.)224 204 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 216 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 228 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 240 Q(Readline)224 240 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 252 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 252 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 264 -Q F0(Command names.)224 276 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 288 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 300 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 312 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 324 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -336 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 336 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -348 Q F0(Names of e)224 348 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) --.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -360 Q F0(File names.)224 360 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 372 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 384 -Q F1(gr)184 396 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 396 Q +SF(command)184 84 Q F0(Command names.)224 96 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 108 Q +(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 120 Q(May also be speci\214ed as) +5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 132 Q F0 +(Names of disabled shell b)224 144 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 156 Q +F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 156 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 168 Q +F0(Names of e)224 168 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 180 Q +F0(File names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(function)184 192 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 204 Q F1(gr) +184 216 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 216 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -408 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 420 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 432 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 444 -Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 456 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 468 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 480 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +228 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 240 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 252 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 264 +Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 276 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 288 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 300 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -492 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 492 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 504 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 504 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 516 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 516 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 +312 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 312 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 324 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 324 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 336 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 336 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 528 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 528 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 540 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 540 Q F1(stopped)184 552 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 564 Q F0(User names.)224 564 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 576 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 576 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 588 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 600 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(shopt)184 348 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 348 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 360 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 360 Q F1(stopped)184 372 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 384 Q F0(User names.)224 384 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 396 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 396 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 408 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 420 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 612 Q F1144 624 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 636 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +184 432 Q F1144 444 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 456 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 648 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 468 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 660 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 480 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 672 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 684 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 696 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 492 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 504 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 516 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1144 528 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 540 R +1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 552 Q +F1144 564 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 576 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 588 Q F1144 600 Q F3(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 600 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 612 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 624 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 +(each resultant w)184 636 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 +F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 648 Q .766 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 +(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 +(va)184 660 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 1.964 +(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) +6.464 F(match the w)184 672 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 684 +Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 696 Q F0 .456 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 708 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 720 Q F3(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E +(60)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 -(The pathname e)184 96 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 108 Q F1144 120 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 132 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 -(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 144 Q F1144 156 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 156 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 -(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 168 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 180 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS) -3.64 E F0 1.14(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F -.981(each resultant w)184 192 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481 -(xpanded. Shell)-.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor) -3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F -(pro)184 204 Q .765(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 -(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 216 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0 1.964 -(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.465 F(match the w)184 228 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 240 -Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 252 Q F0 .455 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 264 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 276 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 288 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 304.8 R .467 -(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 -(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 316.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 328.8 Q F0 -(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(in this case, an) +184 84 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.) +.15 E .466(The return v)144 100.8 R .466(alue is true unless an in)-.25 +F -.25(va)-.4 G .466(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.967 E F0(or)2.967 E F22.967 E F0 +.467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362(plied without a)144 112.8 R F1(name)3.862 E +F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15 +(ve a c)-.15 H 1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F1(name)144 +124.8 Q F0(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 357.6 -R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 369.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 381.6 Q F2(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 393.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) --5.178 E F12.678 E F0 .178 +F2(compopt)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 153.6 +R F1(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F1(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 165.6 R F1(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F1(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 177.6 Q F1(name) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F1(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +-5.178 E F22.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -1.228(the `)144 405.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.227(the `)144 201.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 417.6 R 2.038 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F14.538 E F0 2.039 -(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 -(should apply to `)144 429.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 +no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 213.6 R 2.039 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F24.538 E F0 2.038 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 +(should apply to `)144 225.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.039 F(The)144 441.6 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ +-4.038 F(The)144 237.6 Q F23.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 -F .868(assignment w)144 453.6 R .868 -(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) --3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 465.6 Q .431(The return v)144 489.6 R +F .867(assignment w)144 249.6 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F2(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F2(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) +-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 261.6 Q .432(The return v)144 285.6 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F -(tions for a)144 501.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(tions for a)144 297.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 518.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 530.4 R .851 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A -F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1 -(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F2(n)3.71 E F0 .85 -(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 542.4 R F2(n)2.703 E F0 -.203(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F5 10 -/Symbol SF2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F2(n)3.064 E F0 .204 -(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184 -(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 554.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183 -(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.683 E F0 -1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 566.4 Q F1(declar) -108 583.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 -2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 -2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 607.2 R 1.264 -(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F -3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 -(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v) --3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 619.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 -F F13.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 -(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 -G(hen)-5.96 E F13.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 631.2 Q F2 -(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274 -(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F12.775 E F0(and) -2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) -5.275 E F12.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 643.2 Q -F2(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib) --.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289 -(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 655.2 Q .38 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 314.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 326.4 R .85 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +F2(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F2 +(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F1(n)3.711 E F0 .851 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 338.4 R F1(n)2.704 E +F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F1(n)3.063 E F0 .203 +(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 +(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 350.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 +1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 362.4 Q F2(declar) +108 379.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F2(typeset)108 391.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 +2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 403.2 R 1.265 +(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F +3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 +(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) +-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 415.2 S 3.46(riables. 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The)-.25 F F13.606 E F0 1.106 -(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144 -679.2 R(The)5.299 E F12.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\ - of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54 -(and attrib)144 691.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F -F1(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F -F1(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 -(name and line number where each)144 703.2 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648 -(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F13.148 E -F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F1144 715.2 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he) --5.837 E F13.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836 +(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F22.88 E F0(,)A F2 +(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 +463.2 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 +(ariables. 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T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2 +(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 727.2 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(61)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S -.694(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694 -(xcept the)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0 -(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2 F .693(alue of an)-.25 F 3.193(ye) --.15 G .693(xisting v)-3.343 F(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 96 R -F1(name)3.32 E F0 .82(at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82 -(If there is no e)5.82 F .82(xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v) --.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F .38(initially unset.)144 108 R .38 -(The follo)5.38 F .379(wing options can be used to restrict output to v) --.25 F .379(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 120 Q -(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 -E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 132 Q F0(Each)180 132 Q F1(name)2.5 E -F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E -(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F2144 144 Q F0(Each)180 144 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see) --.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 -156 Q F0(Use function names only)180 156 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 168 Q F0 -.557(The v)180 168 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 -(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) -180 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G -(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -F2144 192 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 192 R .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) --.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. 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When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 388.8 Q F2 -(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F2(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 -E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F1(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(local, as with the)3.543 F F2(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(command, unless the)3.543 F F23.543 E F0 1.205 -(option is supplied.)144 400.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 -(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F1(value)A F0 3.705 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 148.8 Q F1 +(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F1(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 +E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(command, unless the)3.543 F F13.543 E F0 1.205 +(option is supplied.)144 160.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)144 412.8 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 -(hen using)-5.218 F F22.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F22.718 E F0 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 172.8 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 +(hen using)-5.218 F F12.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F12.718 E F0 .217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 -(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 424.8 R .882 +(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 184.8 R .882 (utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 -(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 436.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid optio\ +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 196.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid optio\ n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F -/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na) --2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 448.8 R .548 +/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na) +-2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 208.8 R .548 (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .549 (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F -1.749(array v)144 460.8 R 1.749 -(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F2 +1.749(array v)144 220.8 R 1.749 +(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(\), one of the).15 F -F1(names)144 472.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F +F2(names)144 232.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G -.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 484.8 R 1.213 +.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 244.8 R 1.213 (ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 (rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) --.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 496.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E -F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 513.6 Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][) -C-2.5 E F1(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 525.6 S .328 +-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 256.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 273.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][) +C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 285.6 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 537.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 549.6 Q -F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F2(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 297.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 309.6 Q +F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 -(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 561.6 S -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2144 573.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 573.6 Q -F2144 585.6 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 585.6 R .881 +(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 321.6 S +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 333.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 333.6 Q +F1144 345.6 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 345.6 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -597.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 609.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 609.6 Q F2 -144 621.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 621.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 633.6 Q F2(+)144 645.6 Q F1(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 645.6 R F1(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2 +357.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 369.6 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 369.6 Q F1 +144 381.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 381.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 393.6 Q F1(+)144 405.6 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)180 405.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 (dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 657.6 Q F2144 669.6 Q F1 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 669.6 R F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 417.6 Q F1144 429.6 Q F2 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 429.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 681.6 Q .258(The return v)144 -698.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F1(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 441.6 Q .258(The return v)144 +458.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 -E(62)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +.15 F(tory stack.)144 470.4 Q F1(diso)108 487.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 499.2 S .121 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 511.2 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 523.2 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 535.2 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 547.2 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 559.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E +F1(echo)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 588 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 600 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 +612 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 +(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1 +(xpg_echo)144 636 Q F0 .602 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 +F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 +(escape characters by def)144 648 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 .659 +(does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) +-.2 E(prets the follo)144 660 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 +672 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 672 Q F1(\\b)144 684 Q F0(backspace)180 684 +Q F1(\\c)144 696 Q F0(suppress further output)180 696 Q F1(\\e)144 708 Q +F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(62)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(diso)108 84 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(... |)2.5 E -F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .121(thout options, remo).4 -F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122 -(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 -F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 F .096 -(neither the)144 108 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F1 -2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096 -(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 -2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F -F2(jobspec)145.74 120 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085 -(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585 -(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 132 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 -3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 144 R F1 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 156 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 -(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 184.8 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 196.8 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 -208.8 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 -(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 220.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 -(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1 -(xpg_echo)144 232.8 Q F0 .602 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 -F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 -(escape characters by def)144 244.8 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 -.659(does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) --.2 E(prets the follo)144 256.8 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) -144 268.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 268.8 Q F1(\\b)144 280.8 Q F0 -(backspace)180 280.8 Q F1(\\c)144 292.8 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -292.8 Q F1(\\e)144 304.8 Q(\\E)144 316.8 Q F0(an escape character)180 -316.8 Q F1(\\f)144 328.8 Q F0(form feed)180 328.8 Q F1(\\n)144 340.8 Q -F0(ne)180 340.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 352.8 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 352.8 Q F1(\\t)144 364.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -364.8 Q F1(\\v)144 376.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 376.8 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\\\)144 388.8 Q F0(backslash)180 388.8 Q F1(\\0)144 400.8 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 400.8 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 -E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 412.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 412.8 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 424.8 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 436.8 R 1.506 +SF(\\E)144 84 Q F0(an escape character)180 84 Q F1(\\f)144 96 Q F0 +(form feed)180 96 Q F1(\\n)144 108 Q F0(ne)180 108 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine) +-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 120 Q F0(carriage return)180 120 Q F1(\\t)144 132 Q F0 +(horizontal tab)180 132 Q F1(\\v)144 144 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 144 S +(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 156 Q F0(backslash)180 156 Q F1(\\0)144 +168 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) +180 168 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 180 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 180 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 192 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 +1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 204 R 1.506 (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 448.8 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 460.8 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 472.8 R .547 +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 216 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 228 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 240 R .547 (alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 484.8 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 513.6 R +3.048 E(HHH)180 252 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F1(enable)108 268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 280.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 525.6 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(the same name as a shell b)144 292.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 537.6 R .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 304.8 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 (is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648 -(abled; otherwise,)144 549.6 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) +(abled; otherwise,)144 316.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) 3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F -F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F F3 -.666(PA)3.148 G -(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b)144 561.6 R .538 -(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .538 -(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F13.038 E F0 -.538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 573.6 S +F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b) +144 328.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 +SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F13.038 E +F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 340.8 S 1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object) 4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F(The)144 585.6 Q F1 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F(The)144 352.8 Q F1 2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F .367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) -5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 597.6 R F1 +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 364.8 R F1 2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -609.6 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 +376.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F (If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 .905 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 621.6 R .905 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 388.8 R .905 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is en-)-.2 F 2.873 -(abled. If)144 633.6 R F12.873 E F0 .372 +(abled. If)144 400.8 R F12.873 E F0 .372 (is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.873 F F2(special) 2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G 2.872(iltins. The).2 F .372(return v)2.872 F -.372(alue is)-.25 F 2.5(0u)144 645.6 S(nless a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +.372(alue is)-.25 F 2.5(0u)144 412.8 S(nless a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 (is not a shell b)2.68 E(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 -662.4 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 674.4 +429.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 441.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 453.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no) --2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 698.4 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(63)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 465.6 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 +(exec)108 482.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 494.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 506.4 R .177 +(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G +(he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 518.4 R .48(gument passed to) +-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) +3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F12.98 E F0 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 530.4 Q F0 .639 +(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 542.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 +1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 554.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 566.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 578.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) +-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 590.4 Q +(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 607.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 607.2 R .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 619.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E +F1(export)108 636 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 648 Q F0 +.257(The supplied)144 660 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F +.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 +(commands. If)144 672 R(the)2.626 E F12.626 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1 +144 684 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 +2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 696 S 1.446 +(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 +(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G +1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 708 S .742(lue of the v).25 +F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 720 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 +(that)2.712 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(63)190.95 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(exec)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 96 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 108 R .177(guments to) --.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1 -2.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 120 R .48(gument passed to)-.18 -F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo)3.07 -E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F12.98 E F0 .48 -(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .639(to be e) -3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 -(vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 144 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077 -(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a).15 F -(non-interacti)144 156 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F .577 -(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 168 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 180 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 -.1 -(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 -(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) --2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) -.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 192 Q -(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 208.8 R .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 220.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 249.6 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 261.6 R -F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F -.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.626 E F1 -2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) -.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 -(n, or if the).15 F F1144 285.6 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.547 E F0 -.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 297.6 S 1.446 -(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 -(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G -1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 309.6 S .742(lue of the v) -.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 321.6 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 -(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 333.6 Q F1(fc)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 374.4 R F2<8c72> +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(is not a function.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)108 100.8 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last) +-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37 +(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 124.8 R F2<8c72> 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 398.4 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) +144 148.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) -.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .189 -(is used as an of)144 410.4 R .189 +(is used as an of)144 160.8 R .189 (fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.189 E F2(last)2.78 E F0 .19(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.37 F(-)-.2 E .949 -(rent command for listing \(so that)144 422.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948 +(rent command for listing \(so that)144 172.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .948 (fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) 3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) -144 434.4 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +144 184.8 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 458.4 +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 208.8 Q F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 470.4 R .438(If the) +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 220.8 R .438(If the) 5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 482.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E +.334(the editor gi)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 494.4 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 -E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 506.4 R .005 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 244.8 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631 +(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR) +-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63 +(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 256.8 R .005(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2 +(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F -(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 518.4 Q .789(In the second form,)144 542.4 R F2 +(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 268.8 Q .789(In the second form,)144 292.8 R F2 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 (is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 554.4 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F2<8c72> +E(mand)144 304.8 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F2<8c72> 2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F4 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F -F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 566.4 Q F4 7.166 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F3 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F +F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 316.8 Q F3 7.166 (rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) +(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) 3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 578.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 -602.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(mand.)144 328.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 +352.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 614.4 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 364.8 R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 376.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 (cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 650.4 Q +388.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 400.8 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 679.2 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 429.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 691.2 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 441.6 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G .617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 (is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 703.2 Q +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 453.6 Q .362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 715.2 Q +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 465.6 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(64)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F1(getopts)108 482.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 494.4 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 506.4 R .15 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 518.4 Q .579 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 530.4 R .636 +(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) +3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03 +(tion in the shell v)144 542.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 2.53 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G +.029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065 +(ment to be processed into the v)144 554.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND) +2.565 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.565 E F0 .066 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 +(shell script is in)144 566.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When) +.1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts) +3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .566 +(the v)144 578.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 +.566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 +(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39 +(between multiple calls to)144 590.4 R F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 +(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F +2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 602.4 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 626.4 R F1(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 638.4 Q F0 +(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 662.4 Q F0 .485 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F2(ar)3.315 E +(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 674.4 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E +F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 698.4 Q F0 .345 +(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F +.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F2(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F2(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 +(porting is used.)144 710.4 R 1.668 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 +722.4 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(64)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(getopts)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optstring name)2.5 E F0([) -2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 108 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 120 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 -(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 132 R .636 -(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03 -(tion in the shell v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 2.53(,i) -.18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e)2.71 F -.029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G .029 -(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065 -(ment to be processed into the v)144 156 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.565 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) -4.565 E F0 .066(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F -.885(shell script is in)144 168 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385 -(d. When).1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 -(getopts)3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F -.566(the v)144 180 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 -.566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 -(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39 -(between multiple calls to)144 192 R F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 -(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F -2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 204 Q -2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 228 R F1(getopts)4.543 -E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0 -(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 .485 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F2(ar)3.315 E -(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 276 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E F0 -(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 300 Q F0 .345 -(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F -.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F2(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 -(is a colon,)3.065 F F2(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 -(porting is used.)144 312 R 1.668 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 324 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .667(If an in)144 360 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E -F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 -(and unsets)144 372 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 -(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(will be displayed, e)144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G +(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optstring)2.73 E +F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 108 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 +(lid option is seen,).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 +120 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 (is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 384 -Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 408 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 +E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 132 +Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 156 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F +F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2 (?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F -F2(name)144.36 420 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F1 -(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 432 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) -2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 -(getopts)144 456 Q F0 .902 +F1(name)144.36 168 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F2 +(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F2(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 180 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) +2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 +(getopts)144 204 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) 3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 468 Q F1(hash)108 484.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 496.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 216 Q F2(hash)108 232.8 +Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 +(Each time)144 244.8 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 508.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 256.8 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 520.8 -R F12.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 268.8 +R F22.742 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 (\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 -(of the command.)144 532.8 R(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 .615 +(of the command.)144 280.8 R(The)5.615 E F23.115 E F0 .615 (option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 -(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 544.8 R .293 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) -C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F12.794 E F0 .294 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F23.115 E F0 +(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 292.8 R .293 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) +C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F22.794 E F0 .294 (option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 -556.8 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 -(If multiple)5.028 F F2(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 -(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 568.8 R F12.675 E F0 -2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F2(name)2.675 E F0 .175 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F1 +304.8 R F1(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 +(If multiple)5.028 F F1(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 316.8 R F22.675 E F0 +2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F1(name)2.675 E F0 .175 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F2 2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783 -(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 580.8 R .783 +(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 328.8 R .783 (If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 -(n, or if only).15 F F13.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 -(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 592.8 R -.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 604.8 Q +(n, or if only).15 F F23.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 +(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 340.8 R +.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F1(name)144.36 352.8 Q F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +.25 E F2(help)108 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 -633.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 +381.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F2(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 -645.6 R F2(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +393.6 R F1(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 (therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 657.6 Q F1 -144 669.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 669.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1144 681.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 681.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1144 693.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 693.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 710.4 Q F2 -(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E -(65)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 405.6 Q F2 +144 417.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 417.6 Q F1 +(pattern)2.5 E F2144 429.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 429.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F2144 441.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 441.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 458.4 Q F1 +(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F2(history [)108 475.2 Q F1(n)A F2(])A +(history \255c)108 487.2 Q(history \255d)108 499.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F2(history \255d)108 511.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F2 +(history \255anrw)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0(])A F2 +(history \255p)108 535.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(history \255s)108 547.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +559.2 S .752 +(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F2(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 571.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) +2.881 E(MA)144 583.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F1 +(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 595.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 +(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 +(time stamp and the history line.)144 607.2 R(If)5.176 E F1(\214lename) +2.676 E F0 .176 +(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F +(not, the v)144 619.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 631.2 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 631.2 Q F2 +144 643.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 655.2 R F1(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti) +-2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 667.2 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 679.2 Q 2.5(,a) +-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F2(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F2 +144 691.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F0 .757 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 703.2 R F1(start)3.257 +E F0(and)3.258 E F1(end)3.258 E F0 3.258(,i)C(nclusi)-3.258 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5.758(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.758 E 1.058 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .758(nd ne) +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 715.2 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H +(alues for)-.1 E F1(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(end)2.5 E F0 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(65)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1(])A(history \255c) -108 96 Q(history \255d)108 108 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F1 -(history \255d)108 120 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F1 -(history \255anrw)108 132 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 -(history \255p)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.) --.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 156 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 168 S .752 -(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 180 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 192 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 204 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G -3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 -(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 216 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) -2.676 E F0 .176 -(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 228 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 -E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 240 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 240 Q F1 -144 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 264 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 -E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti)-2.89 G -2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599 -(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 276 R -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 288 Q 2.5(,a) --.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G -(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -144 300 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F0 .757 -(Delete the history entries between positions)180 312 R F2(start)3.257 E -F0(and)3.258 E F2(end)3.258 E F0 3.258(,i)C(nclusi)-3.258 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 5.758(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.758 E 1.058 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .758(nd ne).15 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 324 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E -F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 -(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -144 336 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 336 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065('h) --.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 348 Q +SF144 84 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 84 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E +3.065('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 96 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 360 Q +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 108 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 360 R .773 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 372 R + into the current history list.)180 108 R .773 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 120 R .772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E -(sion.)180 384 Q F1144 396 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 396 Q F1 -144 408 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 -408 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 420 Q F0 .625 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 420 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 432 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) -2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 456 Q F0 .362 -(Store the)180 456 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(sion.)180 132 Q F1144 144 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ +\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 144 Q F1 +144 156 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 +156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0 .625 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 168 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626 +(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 +180 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 +E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 204 Q F0 .362 +(Store the)180 204 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 468 Q -.15(ve) +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 484.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) --.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 232.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 496.8 R .669 +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 244.8 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 -(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 508.8 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 256.8 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 520.8 R .832 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 268.8 R .832 (wing history entry)-.25 F 5.833(.T)-.65 G .833(he return v)-5.833 F -.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 532.8 S .168(lid option\ +.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 280.8 S .168(lid option\ is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set) -144 544.8 Q F0(is supplied as an ar)2.5 E(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E +144 292.8 Q F0(is supplied as an ar)2.5 E(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E (xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 -.1 -(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 561.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 573.6 Q F2(command) +(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 321.6 Q F2(command) 2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E -(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 585.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 333.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 (obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 597.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 597.6 Q F1 -144 609.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 609.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 621.6 Q F1 -144 633.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 633.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 645.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 645.6 Q F1144 657.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 657.6 Q(If)144 674.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 345.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 345.6 Q F1 +144 357.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 357.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 369.6 Q F1 +144 381.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 381.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 393.6 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 393.6 Q F1144 405.6 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 405.6 Q(If)144 422.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 686.4 Q -.25 +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 434.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 703.2 R F1 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 451.2 R F1 2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) 3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 715.2 Q +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 463.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 -E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(66)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +E F1(kill)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 492 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 +E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by) +144 504 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017 +(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2 +(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.827 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 516 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 528 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0 +.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) +3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 540 R +F12.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 +F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F +F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 552 R +.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) +144 564 R F13.299 E F0 .799 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 576 R +(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E +(successfully sent, or f)144 588 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 604.8 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +616.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 +(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 628.8 Q F2(ar) +2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 657.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar) +-2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 +(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E +F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F +(an)144 669.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 +(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 +681.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F +(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 693.6 R F1 +(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 705.6 R F1(set) +3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17 +(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 2.887(turns. W)144 717.6 R .387 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)2.887 E F0 .388 +(writes a list of local v)2.888 F .388(ariables to the standard output.) +-.25 F .388(It is an error)5.388 F 1.662(to use)144 729.6 R F1(local) +4.162 E F0 1.662(when not within a function.)4.162 F 1.662 +(The return status is 0 unless)6.662 F F1(local)4.161 E F0 1.661 +(is used outside a)4.161 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 +E(66)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec) -2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017 -(Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2 -(signum)2.857 E F0 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E -F0(or)3.287 E F2(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is) -2.827 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 -.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0 -.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) -3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 -(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 144 R -F12.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 -F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F -F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R -.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) -144 168 R F13.299 E F0 .799 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 180 R -(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 -(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -220.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 -(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) -2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar) --2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 -(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E -F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F -(an)144 273.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 -(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 -(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -285.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H -.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1 -(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 -(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 309.6 R F1(set) -3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17 -(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 2.887(turns. W)144 321.6 R .387 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)2.887 E F0 .388 -(writes a list of local v)2.888 F .388(ariables to the standard output.) --.25 F .388(It is an error)5.388 F .333(to use)144 333.6 R F1(local) -2.833 E F0 .332(when not within a function.)2.832 F .332 -(The return status is 0 unless)5.332 F F1(local)2.832 E F0 .332 -(is used outside a func-)2.832 F(tion, an in)144 345.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 362.4 Q F0 -(Exit a login shell.)144 362.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 379.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) -C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A F1 -.18(re)108 391.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 -E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .158 -(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 403.2 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.989 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(function, an in) +144 84 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.86 E F0 +(is supplied, or)2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.) +-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(logout)108 100.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.) +144 100.8 Q F2(map\214le)108 117.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(delim)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 +(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 129.6 S +(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac) +2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .158 +(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 141.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.989 E (ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 415.2 -R F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 -F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 439.2 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 439.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F1(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 153.6 +R F23.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249 +(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C +1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 165.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 177.6 Q F0 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 177.6 R F1(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 451.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 189.6 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 463.2 Q F0(Cop)180 463.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 -(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) -2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 475.2 Q F0(Be)180 -475.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 -E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E -2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 487.2 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 487.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -144 499.2 Q F0(Remo)180 499.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 -E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 511.2 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 511.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 523.2 Q F0(Ev)180 -523.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 -(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1144 535.2 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 535.2 Q -F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 552 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 -(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 -(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 201.6 Q F0(Cop)180 201.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count) +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2144 213.6 Q F0(Be)180 +213.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +E(x)-.15 E F1(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E +2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2144 225.6 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 225.6 Q F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2 +144 237.6 Q F0(Remo)180 237.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +E F1(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F2144 249.6 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 249.6 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2144 261.6 Q F0(Ev)180 +261.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F1 +(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F22.5 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F2144 273.6 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 273.6 Q +F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 290.4 Q F22.968 E F0 +.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F22.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 564 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G -2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ -ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 576 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 302.4 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 314.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 588 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 604.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 621.6 Q F0 .797 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 326.4 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 343.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 360 Q F0 .797 (returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 -(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 633.6 S -(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 372 S +(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +F2(popd)108 388.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) .15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 (th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -674.4 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +412.8 R F2(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 686.4 Q F1144 698.4 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 698.4 R .551 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 424.8 Q F2144 436.8 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 436.8 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(67)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 448.8 Q F2(+)144 460.8 Q F1(n)A +F0(Remo)180 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E +F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 +F F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 +472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) +-.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2144 484.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F1(n)3.76 E F0 +1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) +-.25 F F2(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 496.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 +E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 +513.6 R F2(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F2 +(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) +3.143 F F2(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 525.6 R .416 +(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 537.6 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357 +(Write the formatted)144 566.4 R F1(ar)2.857 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357 +(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F1(format)2.858 +E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F22.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714 +(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 578.4 R(ariable)-.25 +E F1(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 +F(output.)144 590.4 Q(The)144 614.4 Q F1(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\ +aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ + which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ +ape sequences, which are con)144 626.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 638.4 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar)144 650.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F1 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F2(printf)3.031 +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 662.4 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F2(%b)144 674.4 Q F0(causes)180 674.4 Q F2(printf) +2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 +(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F1(ar) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 686.4 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F2(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(%q)144 698.4 Q F0(causes)180 698.4 Q +F2(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F1(ar)2.51 E +(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F +(input.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(67) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 96 -S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E -F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 108 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 -108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F) -180 120 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 136.8 R F1(popd) -3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 -E F0 .416(returns f)144 148.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 160.8 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357 -(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)2.857 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858 -E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F12.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714 -(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 201.6 R(ariable)-.25 -E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 -F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\ -aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ - which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ -ape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 -(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 273.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)180 297.6 Q F1(printf) -2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 -(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 309.6 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 321.6 Q F0(causes)180 321.6 Q -F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E -(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 333.6 Q F1(%\()144 345.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 357.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +SF(%\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 +96 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 369.6 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 108 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -381.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +120 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 393.6 R -.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) -3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 405.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 -G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 417.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 434.4 Q -.464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ -ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 -(minus sign is allo)144 446.4 R 1.259 +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 132 R .693 +(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar)3.193 +F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 144 R -.15(ve)-.4 G +.21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71 +<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71 +(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1 +(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 156 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 172.8 Q .464 +(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, \ +e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 +(minus sign is allo)144 184.8 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 458.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 475.2 Q F2(format)2.515 E +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 196.8 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)2.515 E F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format) 2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 -487.2 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566 +225.6 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) .15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 499.2 Q(The return v)5 E +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 237.6 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ -tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 540 R 3.139(wt)-.25 -G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 552 R .416 +108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ +rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 278.4 R 3.139(wt) +-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 290.4 R .416 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 (changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 564 R 6.625(.A) --.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 576 Q F1 -144 588 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ - rotating or adding directories to the)180 588 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 600 Q F1(+)144 612 Q -F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 -1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 636 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 636 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 302.4 R 6.625 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 314.4 Q +F1144 326.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ +when rotating or adding directories to the)180 326.4 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 338.4 Q F1(+)144 +350.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 350.4 R F2(n) +3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 362.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 374.4 Q F2(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 374.4 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 648 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 660 Q F0(Adds)180 660 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +F F1(dirs)180 386.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 398.4 Q F0(Adds)180 398.4 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) -.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 672 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 688.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 -E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 410.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 427.2 R F1(pushd) +2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 700.8 R F2(dir) +F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 439.2 R F2(dir) 3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 -(stack is empty)144 712.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ +(stack is empty)144 451.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 724.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(68)193.45 E 0 -Cg EP +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 463.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 492 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +504 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 +(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) +2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) +144 516 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 +F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 528 R -.25(va) +-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 540 Q F1 -.18(re)108 +556.8 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 +E F2(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 +3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 +-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 +-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E +F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(timeout) +3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 568.8 +Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input\ +, or from the \214le descriptor)144 580.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 +(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 592.8 Q F1 +2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435 +(ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 +(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w) +-2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 604.8 R F2 +(name)3.235 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 +(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376 +(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237 +(than names, the remaining w)144 616.8 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 +F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E +F0 5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 628.8 R .874(wer w) +-.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ +ames are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 640.8 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F +.518(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518 +(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517 +(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 652.8 R +.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 +(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 +(be used to remo)144 664.8 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H +.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E +(tions, if supplied, ha)144 676.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 688.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025 +(The w)180 700.8 R 1.026 +(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) +-.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F +F2(aname)180.33 712.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(68)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pwd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 96 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -108 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 -(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) -2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) -144 120 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 132 R -.25(va) --.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -160.8 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 -E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E -F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E -F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 --3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E -F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A -([)108 172.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ -tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 184.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 196.8 Q -F12.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435 -(ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w) --2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 208.8 R F2 -(name)3.235 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 -(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376 -(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237 -(than names, the remaining w)144 220.8 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 -F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E -F0 5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 232.8 R .874(wer w) --.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ -ames are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 244.8 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F -.518(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518 -(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517 -(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 256.8 R -.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 --.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 -(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 -(be used to remo)144 268.8 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H -.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 -(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E -(tions, if supplied, ha)144 280.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 292.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025 -(The w)180 304.8 R 1.026 -(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F -F2(aname)180.33 316.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 328.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 340.8 R F2(delim)2.781 E F0 .281 +SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 .281 +(The \214rst character of)180 96 R F2(delim)2.781 E F0 .281 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F 2.78 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 352.8 Q F0(is the empty string,) +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 108 Q F0(is the empty string,) 2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 364.8 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 364.8 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) -2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 376.8 R .218 +144 120 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 120 R F1 -.18(re) +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) +2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G +(sed)-2.873 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 132 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 388.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E +(acti)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E -(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1144 400.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) --.2 E F0(If)180 400.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1144 156 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 +E F0(If)180 156 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 (is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 (is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 412.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 424.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 436.8 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 +-.25 F(ing be)180 168 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 180 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) +-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 192 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 (returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 (characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 -(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 448.8 Q +(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 204 Q (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 460.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 472.8 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) -3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 484.8 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 496.8 -R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 508.8 R .608 +144 216 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 228 S(ad) +.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 240 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 +G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 252 R +F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 264 R .608 (The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 520.8 S .669 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 276 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 532.8 Q F0 -(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 544.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 556.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 568.8 Q -2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 288 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 300 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) +180 312 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F +3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 +(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 324 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 +(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 580.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 580.8 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 -592.8 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E -.493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.) -180 604.8 Q F1144 616.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 616.8 Q +144 336 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 336 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 348 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab) +-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493 +(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180 +360 Q F1144 372 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 372 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 628.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 640.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 +144 384 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 396 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 652.8 R F2(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 664.8 Q +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 408 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 420 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -676.8 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 688.8 R .589 +432 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 444 R .589 (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 (times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) -.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 700.8 S -(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 -.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) -2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 -G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 712.8 R 1.12 -(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12 -(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 724.8 R -.15(ex)2.5 G -(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(69)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 456 S(riable) +.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 +(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 +F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 468 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) +.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 +480 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 492 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 492 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 +(If no)144 508.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E +F3(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .476(The e)4.976 +F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 520.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) +.18 E F0 .773 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F +-.25(va)144 532.8 S .853 +(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F .852 +(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .852(lid \214le de-).25 +F(scriptor is supplied as the ar)144 544.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 561.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 573.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) +-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 585.6 R +1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 597.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +-.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 +(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) +-3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 609.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) +3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 621.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 +(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F +.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 633.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 +2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 +(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) +144 645.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +657.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) +3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) +-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) +144 669.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 681.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 698.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 710.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 722.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E +F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(69)190.95 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 84 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 -(If no)144 100.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 -(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 112.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) -.18 E F0 .773 -(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F --.25(va)144 124.8 S .853 -(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F .852 -(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .852(lid \214le de-).25 -F(scriptor is supplied as the ar)144 136.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 153.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A -F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) --.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 177.6 R -1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 189.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) --.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 -(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) --3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 201.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) -3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 213.6 R -.15(ve) --.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 -(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 225.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 -2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 -(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 237.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -249.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) --3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) -3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) --5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 261.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) --.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 273.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 290.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 302.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 -(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 314.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E -F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 326.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .267 +(by a trap handler)144 84 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) -144 338.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 -E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E -.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke) -.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 362.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 +144 96 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)2.52 G +(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02 +(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02 +(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E .886 +(mine the status is the last command e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .886 +(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E(n) +-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke).4 +G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 120 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 (is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 -(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) -144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 398.4 R .444 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 132 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n) +3.448 E F0 .588(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F +.325(mand e)144 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325 +(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.) +-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F +.326(alue is)-.25 F .445(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 156 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 410.4 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 -E .75(mand associated with the)144 422.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 168 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1 +(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 E +.75(mand associated with the)144 180 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 434.4 Q F1 -(set)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 192 Q F1 +(set)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 475.2 S .835 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 232.8 S .835 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 487.2 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 244.8 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 499.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 256.8 R F2 .447(posix mode) 2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 (The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 -(locale. When)144 511.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F +(locale. When)144 268.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) -.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F .584 -(after option processing are treated as v)144 523.2 R .585 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 280.8 R .585 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in or)-.25 F(-) --.2 E(der)144 535.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 +-.2 E(der)144 292.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha) -5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 -547.2 Q F0 1.378(Each v)184 547.2 R 1.377 +304.8 Q F0 1.378(Each v)184 304.8 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 559.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 571.2 Q F0 .131 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 571.2 R +1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 316.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 328.8 Q F0 .131 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 328.8 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 583.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 595.2 Q F0 -.088(Exit immediately if a)184 595.2 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 +(primary prompt.)184 340.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 352.8 Q F0 +.088(Exit immediately if a)184 352.8 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F -F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 607.2 Q -F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR) -4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521 -(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 619.2 -R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 -(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 631.2 Q -1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 +F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 364.8 Q +F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) +.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08 +(The shell does not e)184 376.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F +.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 388.8 +Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 -.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) -4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 643.2 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) +4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 400.8 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) -.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 655.2 R +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 412.8 R F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) -3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E --.25(va)184 667.2 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 +-.25(va)184 424.8 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 679.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +(non-zero status because a command f)184 436.8 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 691.2 R 2.678 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 448.8 R 2.678 (xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 (fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 -(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 703.2 R .617 +(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 460.8 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 715.2 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 472.8 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 727.2 -Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(70)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 484.8 +Q .998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 502.8 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F F13.499 E +F0 .999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 +514.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089 +(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .502 +(will be af)184 526.8 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F13.002 E F0 +.502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1 +3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .503 +(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 538.8 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684 +(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F14.183 E F0 +1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) +-.15 E(where)184 550.8 Q F13.153 E F0 .653 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 562.8 Q F1 +144 574.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 574.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +144 586.8 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +586.8 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F +(abled by def)184 598.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 610.8 Q F0 .513 +(All ar)184 610.8 R .514 +(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 +F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 622.8 Q F1 +144 634.8 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 634.8 R .149 +(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F +.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 646.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 658.8 R +.678(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ +g its)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 670.8 S(it status.).15 E F1144 682.8 Q +F0 .652(Read commands b)184 682.8 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 +694.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 +E F1144 706.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 718.8 Q F2 +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(70)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .998 -(If a compound command or shell function e)184 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .999 -(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -3.499 E F0 .999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e) -184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089 -(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .502 -(will be af)184 108 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F13.002 E F0 .502 -(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1 -3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .503 -(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 120 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684 -(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F14.183 E F0 -1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) --.15 E(where)184 132 Q F13.153 E F0 .653 -(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 --.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 144 Q F1 -144 156 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 156 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -144 168 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 168 -R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F(abled by def)184 180 -Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 192 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 192 R .514 -(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 204 Q F1 -144 216 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 216 R .149 -(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F -.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 228 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .651 -(JOB CONTR)3.151 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151 -(\). All).15 F .651(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679 -(process group.)184 240 R .678(When a background job completes, the she\ -ll prints a line containing its)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 252 S(it status.).15 -E F1144 264 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)184 264 R .652(ut do not e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 -276 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1144 288 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The) -184 300 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E -(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q F12.5 E F0(.) -A F1(emacs)184 360 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 360 R 2.589 -(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 372 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 -(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 384 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) --.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 396 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 396 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 420 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 444 Q F0(Same as)224 444 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 468 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 480 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 480 R 3.087(,a) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(allexport)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(braceexpand)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(emacs)184 132 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf) +224 132 R 2.589(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 +E .95(when the shell is interacti)224 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G +.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) +3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 156 R(also af)2.5 E +(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 168 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 168 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(errtrace)184 180 Q F0(Same as)224 180 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 204 Q F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 216 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 252 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 252 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 492 Q +H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 264 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -504 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 516 R 1.656 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +276 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 288 R 1.656 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) 4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -528 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 540 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 552 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 564 Q F0(Same as)224 564 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 576 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 588 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 600 Q F0(Same as)224 600 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 612 Q F0(Same as)224 612 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 624 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 624 Q F1(notify)184 636 Q F0 -(Same as)224 636 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 648 Q F0(Same as) -224 648 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 660 Q F0(Same as)224 660 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 672 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 672 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 684 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) -224 684 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 696 R +300 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 312 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 348 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 360 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 372 Q F0(Same as)224 372 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 384 Q F0(Same as)224 384 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 396 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 396 Q F1(notify)184 408 Q F0 +(Same as)224 408 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 420 Q F0(Same as) +224 420 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 432 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 444 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 444 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 456 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) +224 456 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 468 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 708 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 480 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 492 Q F0 +2.091(Change the beha)224 492 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 +(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 +504 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 +1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 516 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G +.954(osix mode af)-3.454 F .954(fects bash')-.25 F 3.454(sb)-.55 G(e-) +-3.454 E(ha)224 528 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 540 Q(vileged)-.1 E +F0(Same as)224 552 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 564 S(rbose).1 E +F0(Same as)224 564 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 576 Q F0 .209 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 576 R 2.709(ace. This) +-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 588 +Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace) +184 600 Q F0(Same as)224 600 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 618 Q F1 +3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 +630 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 +(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 642 Q F1 +144 654 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 654 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 666 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 678 +S(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.775 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G .524 +(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 690 R .379 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 702 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 714 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 +(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 +2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 726 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(71)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(posix)184 84 Q F0 2.091(Change the beha)224 84 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F -F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif) --.1 F 2.091(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212 -(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212 -(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 108 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G -.954(osix mode af)-3.454 F .954(fects bash')-.25 F 3.454(sb)-.55 G(e-) --3.454 E(ha)224 120 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 132 Q(vileged)-.1 E -F0(Same as)224 144 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 156 S(rbose).1 E -F0(Same as)224 156 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 168 Q F0 .209 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 168 R 2.709(ace. This) --.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 180 -Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace) -184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 210 Q F1 -3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F2(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 -222 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0 -3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 -(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 234 Q F1 -144 246 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 246 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 258 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)184 270 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 282 R .379 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 294 R F12.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 306 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 -(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 318 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G -.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 330 Q F1144 342 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 342 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 354 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 354 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 -(ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 366 R 2.683 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 -(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 378 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +144 96 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)184 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 108 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 108 S .043 +(eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters other than the special \ +parameters "@" and "*" as an)-.25 F .183 +(error when performing parameter e)184 120 R 2.683(xpansion. If)-.15 F +-.15(ex)2.683 G .182(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 +E .746(able or parameter)184 132 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -390 Q F1144 402 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 402 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 414 Q F0 .315(After e)184 414 R -.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 -(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) -2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 -426 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F -1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 438 Q +144 Q F1144 156 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 156 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0 .315(After e)184 168 R +.315(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command) +2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case) +2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235 +(or arithmetic)184 180 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236 +(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 192 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 450 Q F0 1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 450 R 1.206 +144 204 Q F0 1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 204 R 1.206 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa) -184 462 S(ult.).1 E F1144 474 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 474 R F1(bash) +184 216 S(ult.).1 E F1144 228 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash) 2.713 E F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F -3.054(tors. This)184 486 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.054(tors. This)184 240 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 498 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 510 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 510 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 +.15 F(tor)184 252 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 264 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 264 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 (rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 -F .839(mands e)184 522 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F .839(mands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 534 Q F1 -144 546 Q F0(Enable)184 546 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 288 Q F1 +144 300 Q F0(Enable)184 300 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 (style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 558 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 570 Q F0 .96 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 570 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 312 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 324 Q F0 .96 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 324 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452 -(that change the current w)184 582 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 +(that change the current w)184 336 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 (.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453 -(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 594 R(def) +(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 348 R(def) 3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 606 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -618 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 618 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 360 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +372 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 372 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 642 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 654 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)184 654 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 396 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 408 Q +F0 .4(If no ar)184 408 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 666 Q +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 420 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -678 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 678 R +432 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 432 R F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G -.796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 690 +.796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 444 R F13.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F13.022 E F0 .522 (options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no) 3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B -(rameters remain unchanged.)184 702 Q .425(The options are of)144 718.8 +(rameters remain unchanged.)184 456 Q .425(The options are of)144 472.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 730.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 484.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(72)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 496.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 508.8 Q F1(shift)108 525.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 537.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 549.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 561.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F +(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 573.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 585.6 Q F1(shopt)108 602.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 614.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 +(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E +5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 +(listed belo)144 626.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 +(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 +F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 638.4 R .065 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F12.566 E F0 .066 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 +F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 650.4 R F2 +(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074 +(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105 +(tions. The)144 662.4 R F13.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605 +E(options ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 686.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +686.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 698.4 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 698.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +710.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 710.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 722.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 +E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2020 January 29)141.79 E(72)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 96 Q F1(shift)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 -124.8 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) -2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G .429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F -(bers)144 136.8 Q F1($#)2.583 E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) -2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083 -(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H -.082(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f) --5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 148.8 -R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 -(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 -(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144 -(positional parameters are not changed.)144 160.8 R .144 -(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 .143 -(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 172.8 Q F1(shopt)108 189.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 201.6 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 -(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 -(listed belo)144 213.6 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 -(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 225.6 R .065 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F12.566 E F0 .066 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 -F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 237.6 R F2 -(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074 -(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105 -(tions. The)144 249.6 R F13.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ - be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605 -E(options ha)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 273.6 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -273.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 285.6 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 285.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -297.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 297.6 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E -.255(set or unset.)180 309.6 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 -E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 321.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 333.6 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 333.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 350.4 R F1 -3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) -3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983 -(set or unset, respecti)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) --.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984 -(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 374.4 S(ult.) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(all)180 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) +2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q F0(Restricts the v)180 96 Q +(alues of)-.25 E F1(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E +F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 112.8 R F23.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F2 +3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)3.124 F F1(optname)3.124 E F0(ar) +3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F2(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624 +(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983(set or unset, respecti)144 +124.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)-.65 G .983 +(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F2(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 136.8 S(ult.) .1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -391.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +153.6 R F1(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) 4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 403.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 415.2 Q(The list of)144 432 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 450 Q F0 1.945 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 462 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.944 -(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 -(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 474 R .885 +144 165.6 R F1(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 +(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 177.6 Q(The list of)144 194.4 Q F2(shopt) +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2(assoc_expand_once)144 212.4 Q F0 1.945 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 224.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 236.4 R .885 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 -(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 486 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1 -(autocd)144 498 Q F0 .2 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 498 R +(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 248.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F2 +(autocd)144 260.4 Q F0 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 260.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 510 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 272.4 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 522 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 534 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F2(cdable_v)144 284.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 296.4 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 546 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 558 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 308.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 320.4 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -558 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 570 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +320.4 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 332.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 582 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 344.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 594 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 606 Q F0 .736 -(If set,)184 618 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 630 -Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 642 Q -F0 .449(If set,)184 654 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(the command proceeds.)184 356.4 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F2(checkhash)144 368.4 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 380.4 R F2(bash)3.236 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 +392.4 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 404.4 +Q F0 .449(If set,)184 416.4 R F2(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 (lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 666 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 428.4 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G .161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.473 -(tempted without an interv)184 678 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F3 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184 690 S -(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) --2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 702 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 714 R F1(bash)3.59 -E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e) --3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F -(necessary)184 726 Q 4.694(,u)-.65 G 2.194(pdates the v)-4.694 F 2.194 -(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)4.694 E F0(and)4.444 E F3(COLUMNS)4.693 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.193(This option is enabled by)6.693 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(73)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(tempted without an interv)184 440.4 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184 +452.4 S(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 464.4 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +476.4 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G +1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 488.4 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G +.851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and) +3.1 E F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 500.4 S(ult.).1 E F2 +(cmdhist)144 512.4 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 512.4 R F2(bash)2.672 E F0 .172 +(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 +(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) +184 524.4 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 536.4 S 1.287(ult, b) +.1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 548.4 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A +F2(compat31)144 560.4 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 572.4 R F2(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 +(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 +(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) +184 584.4 R F2([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E +F2(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 +(using the)184 596.4 R F2([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F +(s)-.55 E F2(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .792 +(use ASCII collation and)184 608.4 R F1(str)3.632 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .793 +(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.293(sc)-.55 G +(ollation)-3.293 E(sequence and)184 620.4 Q F1(str)2.84 E(coll)-.37 E F0 +(\(3\).).51 E F2(compat32)144 632.4 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 644.4 R F2 +(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 +F 1.409(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 656.4 R F2([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F2(>) +2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 668.4 R .481 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 680.4 Q +(xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E +F2(compat40)144 692.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 704.4 R F2(bash)3.909 E F0 +1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .679 +(string comparison when using the)184 716.4 R F2([[)3.179 E F0 .678 +(conditional command')3.179 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)3.178 E F0(and)3.178 E F2(>) +3.178 E F0 .678(operators \(see de-)3.178 F .282(scription of)184 728.4 +R F2(compat31)2.782 E F0 2.782(\)a)C .282(nd the ef)-2.782 F .282 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .283(Bash v)5.283 F .283 +(ersions 4.0)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(73) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(def)184 84 Q -(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cmdhist)144 96 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 -96 R F1(bash)2.672 E F0 .172(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H -.173(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F -(try)184 108 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 -(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 120 S 1.287(ult, b).1 -F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 -(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)184 132 Q(OR)-.162 E -(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(compat31)144 144 Q F0 .42 -(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F .419 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 -F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)184 168 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462 -(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 -(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 180 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) --.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .792 -(use ASCII collation and)184 192 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.632 E -(cmp)-.37 E F0 .793(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.293(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.293 E(sequence and)184 204 Q F4(str) -2.84 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 216 Q F0 1.41 -(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 -(string comparison when using the)184 240 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 -(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) -2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 252 R .481 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 264 Q -(xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 276 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 288 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 -1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .679 -(string comparison when using the)184 300 R F1([[)3.179 E F0 .678 -(conditional command')3.179 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.178 E F0(and)3.178 E F1(>) -3.178 E F0 .678(operators \(see de-)3.178 F .282(scription of)184 312 R -F1(compat31)2.782 E F0 2.782(\)a)C .282(nd the ef)-2.782 F .282 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .283(Bash v)5.283 F .283 -(ersions 4.0)-.15 F 1.164 -(and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 324 R -.15(ve) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.164 +(and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 84 R -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.664(dt).15 G 1.164(he interrupt; pre)-3.664 F 1.164(vious v) --.25 F 1.164(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 336 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 348 Q F0 .414(If set,) -184 360 R F1(bash)2.914 E F0 2.914(,w)C .414(hen in)-2.914 F F4 .414 -(posix mode)2.914 F F0 2.914(,t)C .414 -(reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter e)-2.914 F(x-)-.15 E -.503(pansion as a special character)184 372 R 5.502(.T)-.55 G .502 -(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(nn).15 -G .502(umber\) and the)-3.002 F 1.866 -(characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 384 R +-.25 F 1.164(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 96 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat41)144 108 Q +F0 .414(If set,)184 120 R F1(bash)2.914 E F0 2.914(,w)C .414(hen in) +-2.914 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .414(posix mode)2.914 F F0 2.914(,t)C +.414(reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter e)-2.914 F(x-) +-.15 E .503(pansion as a special character)184 132 R 5.502(.T)-.55 G +.502(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002 +(nn).15 G .502(umber\) and the)-3.002 F 1.866 +(characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 144 R 1.866(This is the beha)6.866 F 1.866(vior of)-.2 F .156 -(3.582 +E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.581(option. 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If)3.581 F 1.081(set after in)3.581 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 228 Q -(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 -240 Q F0(The)220 240 Q F14.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1 -(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 -(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 252 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 264 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -264 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 276 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 288 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 288 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 300 S .488 -(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 312 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 324 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 324 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +SF(4.)184 84 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)220 84 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 (and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 336 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 348 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 348 R -(shells in)220 360 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 -(\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 96 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 108 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 108 R +(shells in)220 120 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(\()2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 372 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 372 R(in)220 384 Q --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 132 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 132 R(in)220 144 Q +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 396 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 396 R .4 +(extglob)144 156 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 156 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 408 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 420 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 432 R F1 -($)3.36 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0 -(")A F4(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1 -(${)3.36 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86 -(pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 444 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 456 Q F0 -.243(If set, patterns which f)184 456 R .243 +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 168 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 180 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 192 R F1 +($)3.36 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0 +(")A F3(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1 +(${)3.36 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86 +(pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 204 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 216 Q F0 +.243(If set, patterns which f)184 216 R .243 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 -(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 468 Q(.)-.55 -E F1 -.25(fo)144 480 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 .936 -(If set, the suf)184 492 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the)-.15 F +(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 228 Q(.)-.55 +E F1 -.25(fo)144 240 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 .936 +(If set, the suf)184 252 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the)-.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w)-.25 F -.937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 504 R .32 +.937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 264 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 (he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 516 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(pletions. See)184 276 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 (abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) -184 528 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 540 Q F0 2.519 -(If set, range e)184 552 R 2.519 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 +F(enabled by def)184 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 300 Q F0 +2.519(If set, range e)184 312 R 2.519 (xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 (xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 564 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +(Matching)184 324 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) -3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 576 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 336 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 588 R F1(A) +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 348 R F1(A) 3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 600 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 612 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 612 R F1(**)3.019 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 360 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 372 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 372 R F1(**)3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 (xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 624 R .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 384 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -636 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 648 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 660 Q F1(histappend)144 -672 Q F0 .676 +396 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 408 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 420 Q F1(histappend)144 +432 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -684 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 696 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(75)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +444 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 456 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 468 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .575(If set, and)184 480 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 492 Q F1(histv)144 504 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 528 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 540 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 +(hostcomplete)144 552 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 564 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 +576 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E +F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 588 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 600 Q F0(If set,) +184 612 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 624 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 636 R .219(alue of the) +-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 648 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +(option is enabled when)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E +F1(interacti)144 660 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo) +184 672 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1 +(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 684 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 696 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 708 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +.15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) +184 720 Q(vironment.)-.4 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 +E(75)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(histr)144 84 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re) -3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F -.576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 108 Q F1(histv)144 120 Q -(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 -E F0 .403 -(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 144 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 156 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E -2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 168 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 180 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -192 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 -216 Q F0(If set,)184 228 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP) -2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H -(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 240 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 -.22(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 252 R .219 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 264 Q -2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) -144 276 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 288 R 2.83 -(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 -.33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F -.967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 300 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 -312 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 324 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 324 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) -.15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F --.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 336 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 348 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 348 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 -(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 360 Q +SF(lithist)144 84 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 84 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E +F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve) +-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F +(with embedded ne)184 96 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 372 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 384 R +(localv)144 108 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 120 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -396 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +132 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 408 Q -F1(localv)144 420 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 432 R F1 +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 144 Q +F1(localv)144 156 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 168 R F1 (unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F .329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ -the beha)184 444 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 456 Q -(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 468 Q +the beha)184 180 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 192 Q +(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 204 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -480 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 492 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 504 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 -516 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +216 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) +2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 228 S +(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 240 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 +(If set, and a \214le that)184 252 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 528 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 540 -Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 552 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 -(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 564 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 576 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 588 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +-.1(wa)184 264 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 +(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 276 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 288 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E +F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 300 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 312 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 324 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 600 S +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 336 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 612 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -624 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 348 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +360 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +F .551(while e)184 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 648 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 660 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 672 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 684 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) +(wo)184 384 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 396 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 408 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 420 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) 3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) 3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 696 S -(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(76)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 432 S +(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 +444 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +456 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +(are enabled.)184 468 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(pr)144 480 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 +(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 492 R F1(bash)4.624 +E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 504 Q 3.288(th) +-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 +(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 +(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 516 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 +1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473 +(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 528 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E F1(pr) +144 540 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under) +184 552 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 564 S +.171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E +(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 576 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 588 +S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) +184 600 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 612 Q 2.86 +(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 +(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 624 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E +F1(shift_v)144 636 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 648 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 660 Q F1(sour) +144 672 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 684 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 696 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(76)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pr)144 84 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 96 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 -F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 108 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 120 Q -(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 -(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 132 R F1(bash)4.624 -E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 144 Q 3.288(th) --.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 -(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 -(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 156 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 -1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473 -(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 168 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E F1(pr) -144 180 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under) -184 192 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 204 S -.171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 216 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) -144 228 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 -(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 240 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 252 Q 2.86 -(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 -(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 264 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 276 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 288 R F1 -(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 300 Q F1(sour) -144 312 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 324 R F1(sour)3.271 E -(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 336 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 348 Q F0(If set, the)184 360 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 --.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 388.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +SF(xpg_echo)144 84 Q F0(If set, the)184 96 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 +E F1(suspend)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 124.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 (cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G -F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 400.8 R F12.523 E F0 .023 -(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002 +(login shell cannot be)3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 136.8 R F1 +2.523 E F0 .023(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 412.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 148.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 429.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 441.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 441.6 R .878 +E F1(test)108 165.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 177.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 177.6 R .878 (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 453.6 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 189.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.36 -(primaries described abo)144 465.6 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(primaries described abo)144 201.6 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 (CONDITION)3.86 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.361(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.861(yo)-.15 G(p-) --3.861 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 477.6 Q +-3.861 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 213.6 Q (gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 495.6 R .785 +E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 231.6 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 507.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(dence. The)144 243.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 519.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 531.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 531.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 543.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 543.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(used when there are \214v)144 255.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 267.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 267.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 279.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 279.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 555.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 567.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 579.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 591.6 S +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 291.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 303.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 315.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 327.6 S (pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -603.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 620.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +339.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 356.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 638.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 650.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 662.4 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 674.4 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 374.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 386.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 398.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 410.4 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 686.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 698.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 422.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 434.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 710.4 R .38 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 446.4 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 722.4 Q 2.264 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 2.264(the e)4.514 F 2.264 -(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F 2.265 -(If the \214rst)7.265 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(77) -193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 458.4 Q .552 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 +(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 470.4 Q +(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 482.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 494.4 R .236 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 +(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 506.4 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 518.4 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 530.4 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 +E F0(and)3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 +(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 +(three ar)180 542.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 +554.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) +3.021 F(ar)180 566.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 +E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 578.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +590.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 602.4 R +.384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F .285 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 614.4 R 2.784(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +.284(the e)2.784 F .284(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.284(luated ac-).25 F(cording to precedence using the rules listed abo) +180 626.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 638.4 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 650.4 R 1.635 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 +662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 680.4 Q F1(test)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 +(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 697.2 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)144 697.2 R(The return status is 0.)144 +709.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(77)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)180 84 Q -(gument is not a v)-.18 E(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t) --.4 G(he e)-2.5 E(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 96 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 108 R .236 -(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 -(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 120 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)3.355 E .855 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579 -(result of the e)180 132 R .578(xpression is the result of the binary t\ -est using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E 1.332 -(as operands.)180 144 R(The)6.332 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.832 E -F0(and)3.832 E F33.832 E F0 1.333 -(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 156 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F -.558(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 -(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 -E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 168 R 3.021 -(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F3(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 180 Q -.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 -(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 -F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 192 Q -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 204 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 216 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F3 -(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385 -(xpression com-)-.15 F .285(posed of the remaining ar)180 228 R 2.784 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .284(the e)2.784 F .284 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .284(luated ac-).25 F -(cording to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 240 Q -.15(ve)-.15 -G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 252 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E -1.635(The e)180 264 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F -(abo)180 276 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 294 Q F3(test) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F3([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F3(times)108 310.8 Q F0 -1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 310.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 -322.8 Q F3(trap)108 339.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E .682(The command)144 351.6 R F4(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(trap)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.682(The command)144 96 R F2(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682 (is to be read and e)3.402 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682 (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F4(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G(f)-5.683 E F4 +(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F2(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G(f)-5.683 E F2 (ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) -144 363.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F33.108 E -F0 3.108(,e)C .608 +144 108 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 +3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 375.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 387.6 Q F0 .581 -(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 -(is not present and)3.3 F F33.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 399.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 411.6 R F33.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F3(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +.658(\(the v)144 120 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 132 Q F0 .581(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .58(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 144 R F2 +(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F +(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 156 R F13.36 E +F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 423.6 R F32.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F -4.311(bers. Each)144 435.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(signal. The)144 168 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ + print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.311 +(bers. Each)144 180 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 (>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E -(names are case insensiti)144 447.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F1(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666(If a)144 465.6 R F4 -(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F1(EXIT)3.166 E F0 .666 -(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F4(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F +(names are case insensiti)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666(If a) +144 210 R F2(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(EXIT)3.166 E F0 .666 +(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F2(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -.667(If a)5.667 F F4(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F1(DE-)3.167 E -.09 -(BU)144 477.6 S(G).09 E F2(,)A F0 .484(the command)2.734 F F4(ar)3.314 E -(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 .483(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F4(for) -2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F4(case)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F4 -(select)144 489.6 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)3.063 E F0 .563 +.667(If a)5.667 F F2(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(DE-)3.167 E -.09 +(BU)144 222 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .484(the command) +2.734 F F2(ar)3.314 E(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 .483(simple command) +2.984 F F0(,)A F2(for)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F2(case)2.983 E F0 +(command,)2.983 E F2(select)144 234 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .563(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)3.063 E F0 .563 (command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563 -(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 501.6 R F1 .622 +(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 246 R F3 .622 (SHELL GRAMMAR)3.122 F F0(abo)2.872 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.122(\). Refer).15 -F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F3(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.622(option to the)3.122 F F3(shopt)144 513.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F3(DEB)2.996 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E F4(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is) -3.306 E F1(RETURN)2.996 E F2(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F4(ar) -144.33 525.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 +F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F1(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.622(option to the)3.122 F F1(shopt)144 258 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)2.996 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E F2(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is) +3.306 E F3(RETURN)2.996 E F4(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F2(ar) +144.33 270 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 -(cuted with the).15 F F3(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F3(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 537.6 S -(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 555.6 R F4(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F1 -(ERR)3.46 E F2(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ -gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ -ro e)144 567.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 -579.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F1(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F1(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 282 S(cuting.) +.15 E .96(If a)144 300 R F2(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F3(ERR)3.46 E F4 +(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(rap).15 G +.961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(single simple comma\ +nd\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 312 R +.184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 324 R .451 +(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 (trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 (ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 -(mand list immediately follo)144 591.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F3(while) -2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F3(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.897 E F0 .387 -(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 603.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(mand list immediately follo)144 336 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.888 +E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.278 E F0 -3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 615.6 R -1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) --3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F3(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 627.6 Q -(yed by the)-.15 E F3(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F3A F0 2.5 -(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .132 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 360 R 1.28 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 +F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!) +3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 372 Q(yed by the) +-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(\)o)C +(ption.)-2.5 E .132 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -645.6 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 -(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 657.6 R .117 +390 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 +(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 402 R .117 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117 -(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 669.6 R -(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0 -(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F3(trap)2.5 E F0 -(returns true.)2.5 E F3(type)108 686.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aftpP)A F0(]) -A F4(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 698.4 S -.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F4 +(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 414 R +(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0 +(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0 +(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 430.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(]) +A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 442.8 S +.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2 (name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F3144 710.4 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F3(type)3.215 E F0 -.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F4(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E -F4 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F4(function)5.185 E F0 -(,).24 E F4 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F4 -(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F4(name)144.36 722.4 Q F0 .086 +F1144 454.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0 +.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2 +(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 466.8 Q F0 .086 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F4 -(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2020 March 24)144.29 E(78)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 478.8 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 490.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if) +144 502.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 +G .528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 +E F13.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F3 -.666(PA)3.028 G +(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 514.8 R F2(name)2.506 E F0 2.506 +(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F5 .007(type -t name) +2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.417 E F0 +5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F1 +2.507 E F0(and)144 526.8 Q F13.231 E F0 .731 +(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 +(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 +F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F1144 +538.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F1(type)3.323 E F0 .824 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824 +(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-) +-5.824 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 +550.8 R F13.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 +(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 562.8 R F13.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) +144 574.8 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) +5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 586.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 603.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 +615.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 +(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F +.944(that allo)144 627.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 +(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) +144 639.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 651.6 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +663.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F +.742(of the special v)144 675.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 687.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 +(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 +(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 +(source is printed, unless the)144 699.6 R F13.485 E F0 .984 +(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 +(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 711.6 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(78)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 84 R .118(xit status of f) --.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type) -2.618 E F0 .855(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 96 -R .855(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 -F .529(mand name, or nothing if)144 108 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .528 -(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 G .528(uld not return).1 F F2 -(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 E F13.028 E F0 .528 -(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.028 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .006(search for each)144 120 R F2(name)2.506 E F0 2.506(,e)C -.15 -(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F3 .007(type -t name)2.506 F F0 --.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.417 E F0 5.007(.I) -.18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F12.507 E -F0(and)144 132 Q F13.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 -(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) -5.23 F F1144 144 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F1(type)3.323 E -F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .824(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824 -(his in-)-5.824 F 1.176 -(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 156 R F1 -3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 -(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 168 R F13.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) -144 180 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326 -E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 -(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 192 Q F1(ulimit)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)A(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A -(Pro)144 220.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 -G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 -(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 232.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 -(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 244.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 -(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 256.8 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -268.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 -(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 280.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) -C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 292.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 -(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 -(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 -(source is printed, unless the)144 304.8 R F13.485 E F0 .984 -(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 -(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 316.8 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -144 328.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 328.8 Q F1 -144 340.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 340.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F1144 352.8 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 352.8 Q F1144 364.8 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 364.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 376.8 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 376.8 Q F1144 -388.8 Q F0 -(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -388.8 Q F1144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -400.8 Q F1144 412.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 412.8 Q F1 -144 424.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 424.8 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 436.8 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 436.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 448.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ -e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 448.8 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 460.8 Q F1144 472.8 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 472.8 Q F1 -144 484.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 484.8 Q F1 -144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 496.8 -Q F1144 508.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 508.8 Q F1144 -520.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 520.8 Q F1 -144 532.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 532.8 Q -.25 -(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 544.8 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 544.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -556.8 Q F1144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 -568.8 Q F1144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 -580.8 Q F1144 592.8 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can\ - run before blocking, in microseconds)180 592.8 Q F1144 604.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)180 604.8 Q(If)144 621.6 Q F2(limit)3.058 -E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1 -2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468 -(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 -(no option is gi)144 633.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 84 Q F1144 +96 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 96 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1 +144 108 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 108 Q F1 +144 120 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 120 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 +G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 132 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 132 Q F1144 144 Q +F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +144 Q F1144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 156 +Q F1144 168 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 168 Q F1 +144 180 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 180 Q(ed into memory) +-.1 E F1144 192 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 192 Q +2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 204 Q +F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ + not allo)180 204 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to) +-.25 F(be set\))180 216 Q F1144 228 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 228 Q F1 +144 240 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +180 240 Q F1144 252 Q F0 +(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 252 Q F1144 264 Q +F0(The maximum stack size)180 264 Q F1144 276 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 276 Q F1144 288 Q +F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 288 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 300 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 300 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 312 +Q F1144 324 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 324 Q F1 +144 336 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 336 Q F1 +144 348 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 348 Q(If)144 364.8 +Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468 +(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F +2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 +E .045(no option is gi)144 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 +2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .67(in seconds;)144 -645.6 R F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F -F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) --3.17 F F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,) -A F1144 657.6 Q F0(,)A F13.737 E F0 3.737(,a)C(nd)-3.737 E -F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 -(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F13.736 E F0(and)3.736 E -F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are in)-3.736 F .238 -(512-byte increments.)144 669.6 R .238 -(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.238 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 -(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F -(error occurs while setting a ne)144 681.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E -F1(umask)108 698.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 710.4 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 +2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .672(in seconds;)144 +388.8 R F13.172 E F0 3.172(,w)C .672 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-3.172 F F13.172 E F0(,)A F1 +3.172 E F0(,)A F13.172 E F0(,)A F13.172 E F0(,)A F1 +3.172 E F0 3.172(,a)C(nd)-3.172 E F13.172 E F0 3.172(,w)C +.673(hich are un-)-3.172 F .36(scaled v)144 400.8 R .36 +(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F12.86 E F0(and)2.86 E F1 +2.86 E F0 2.86(,w)C .36(hich are in 512-byte increments.)-2.86 F +.36(The return)5.36 F .411(status is 0 unless an in)144 412.8 R -.25(va) +-.4 G .411(lid option or ar).25 F .411 +(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a ne)-.18 F(w)-.25 +E(limit.)144 424.8 Q F1(umask)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 453.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 722.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(79)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +pted by)144 465.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +477.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 +(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 489.6 R .547 +(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G +(he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 +(mode)144.38 501.6 Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 513.6 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 +(unalias)108 530.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 542.4 Q 1.057 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +3.257 E F0 .757(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.257 F(If)5.758 E +F13.258 E F0 .758(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) +3.258 F(mo)144 554.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 571.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 583.2 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F2(name)4.164 E F0 +3.804(,r).18 G(emo)-3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304 +(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 +(If the)6.303 F F13.803 E F0 1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 595.2 Q F0 .464 +(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +2.965 G .465(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.769(set. If)144 607.2 R F1 +2.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.769 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 +.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) +2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .403(If the)144 619.2 R F12.903 E +F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) +2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 +(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(will be unset)2.904 F +.72(rather than the v)144 631.2 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 +5.72 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1 +3.219 E F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F +.736(are supplied, each)144 643.2 R F2(name)3.236 E F0 .736 +(refers to a v)3.236 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .737 +(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144 +655.2 R 3.062 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.262(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.262 F +1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 4.261(df).15 G 1.761(rom the en)-4.261 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 667.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 +(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) +.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 679.2 S +(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E +F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) +144 691.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 +E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 +703.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) +4.03 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya) +-.15 G 1.779(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 715.2 Q(The e)5 E +(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E +(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(79)190.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 80 80 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(If)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 -F .382(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF2.882 E F0 .382(option causes the mask to be)2.882 -F .547(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 96 R .547 -(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F23.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F1 -(mode)144.38 108 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 120 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2 -(unalias)108 136.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 148.8 Q 1.057 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(name) -3.257 E F0 .757(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.257 F(If)5.758 E -F23.258 E F0 .758(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) -3.258 F(mo)144 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 177.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 189.6 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F1(name)4.164 E F0 -3.804(,r).18 G(emo)-3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304 -(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 -(If the)6.303 F F23.803 E F0 1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F1(name)144.36 201.6 Q F0 .464 -(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -2.965 G .465(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.769(set. If)144 213.6 R F2 -2.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.769 F F1(name)3.129 E F0 -.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) -2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .403(If the)144 225.6 R F22.903 E -F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F1(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) -2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F1(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 -(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F1(name)2.904 E F0 .404(will be unset)2.904 F -.72(rather than the v)144 237.6 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F2 -5.72 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F2 -3.219 E F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F -.736(are supplied, each)144 249.6 R F1(name)3.236 E F0 .736 -(refers to a v)3.236 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .737 -(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144 -261.6 R 3.062 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.262(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.262 F -1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 4.261(df).15 G 1.761(rom the en)-4.261 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 273.6 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 -(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) -.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 285.6 S -(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 --.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E -F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) -144 297.6 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 -E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 -309.6 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) -4.03 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya) --.15 G 1.779(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 321.6 Q(The e)5 E -(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E -(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 --2.5 E F1(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 350.4 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ -ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F1(id)3.169 E F0 .659 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(wait)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 +(Wa)144 96 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its \ +termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .659 (may be a process)3.929 F .009 -(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 362.4 R -.15(ve) --.25 G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008 +(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 +G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008 (ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.008 E -F1(id)144.01 374.4 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E -F2(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441 +F2(id)144.01 120 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1 +(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441 (its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598 -(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 386.4 R F2($!)3.098 E F0 -3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597 -F F23.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F2(wait)144 398.4 -Q F0 -.1(wa)2.793 G .293 -(its for a single job to terminate and returns its e).1 F .293 -(xit status.)-.15 F .293(If the)5.293 F F22.793 E F0 .294 +(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 132 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 +(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597 F F1 +3.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F1(wait)144 144 Q F0 +-.1(wa)2.793 G .293(its for a single job to terminate and returns its e) +.1 F .293(xit status.)-.15 F .293(If the)5.293 F F12.793 E F0 .294 (option is supplied, the)2.793 F .636 -(process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)144 410.4 R .636 -(xit status is returned is assigned to the v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -(varname)144 422.4 Q F0 1.016(named by the option ar)3.516 F 3.516 +(process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)144 156 R .636 +(xit status is returned is assigned to the v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 +(varname)144 168 Q F0 1.016(named by the option ar)3.516 F 3.516 (gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.516 G 1.017 (riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.517(,b)-.65 G 1.017(efore an) --3.517 F 3.517(ya)-.15 G(ssign-)-3.517 E 2.673(ment. This)144 434.4 R -.173(is useful only when the)2.673 F F22.672 E F0 .172 -(option is supplied.)2.672 F .172(Supplying the)5.172 F F22.672 E +-3.517 F 3.517(ya)-.15 G(ssign-)-3.517 E 2.673(ment. 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E(ug) +-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 372 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)108 +388.8 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 400.8 Q +(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 412.8 Q +2.5(Ad)108 424.8 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E +2.5(As)108 436.8 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 453.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -727.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 -E F4 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) -.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E(81)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 82 82 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 84 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 96 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +470.4 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) +.25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 487.2 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 499.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G (oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 -(There are some subtle dif)108 112.8 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869 -(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869 -(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 124.8 Q F0 -(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 141.6 Q -(Shell b)108 158.4 Q +(There are some subtle dif)108 516 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F3 +(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F +F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 528 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E +(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 544.8 Q(Shell b)108 561.6 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 175.2 R .389 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 187.2 R .389 +re not handled gracefully when)108 578.4 R .389 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 590.4 R .389 (When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) -108 199.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ +108 602.4 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F -(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 211.2 Q(Array v)108 228 Q -(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 March 24)144.29 E -(82)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 614.4 Q(Array v)108 631.2 +Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 648 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 +E(81)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/eval.c b/eval.c index d9ce64bb..17d389c3 100644 --- a/eval.c +++ b/eval.c @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ send_pwd_to_eterm () } #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) -void +int execute_array_command (ae, v) ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; void *v; @@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ execute_array_command (ae, v) command = element_value (ae); if (command && *command) execute_variable_command (command, tag); + return 0; } #endif @@ -294,6 +295,7 @@ execute_prompt_command () if (command_to_execute && *command_to_execute) execute_variable_command (command_to_execute, "PROMPT_COMMAND"); } + /* Call the YACC-generated parser and return the status of the parse. Input is read from the current input stream (bash_input). yyparse leaves the parsed command in the global variable GLOBAL_COMMAND. diff --git a/po/bg.po b/po/bg.po index f531870e..da888311 100644 --- a/po/bg.po +++ b/po/bg.po @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@ # Bulgarian translation of bash po-file. -# Copyright (C) 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +# Copyright (C) 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the bash package. -# Alexander Shopov , 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016. +# Alexander Shopov , 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020. # msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: bash-4.4\n" +"Project-Id-Version: bash-5.0\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2018-12-19 15:52-0500\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-09-28 08:49+0200\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-03-27 19:47+0100\n" "Last-Translator: Alexander Shopov \n" "Language-Team: Bulgarian \n" +"Language: bg\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Language: bg\n" "X-Bugs: Report translation errors to the Language-Team address.\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" @@ -77,21 +77,17 @@ msgstr "%s: разделителят „:“ липсва" #: braces.c:331 #, c-format msgid "brace expansion: cannot allocate memory for %s" -msgstr "" -"заместване на изразите с фигурни скоби: не може да се задели памет за „%s“" +msgstr "заместване на изразите с фигурни скоби: не може да се задели памет за „%s“" #: braces.c:429 -#, fuzzy, c-format +#, c-format msgid "brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for %u elements" -msgstr "" -"заместване на изразите с фигурни скоби: не може да се задели памет за %d " -"елемента" +msgstr "заместване на изразите с фигурни скоби: не може да се задели памет за %u елемента" #: braces.c:474 #, c-format msgid "brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for `%s'" -msgstr "" -"заместване на изразите с фигурни скоби: не може да се задели памет за „%s“" +msgstr "заместване на изразите с фигурни скоби: не може да се задели памет за „%s“" #: builtins/alias.def:131 variables.c:1842 #, c-format @@ -508,8 +504,7 @@ msgstr[1] "Команди на обвивката, които напасват #: builtins/help.def:185 #, c-format -msgid "" -"no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'." +msgid "no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'." msgstr "" "няма теми в помощта, които да отговарят на „%s“. Опитайте с\n" "„help help“, „man -k %s“ или „info %s“." @@ -534,8 +529,7 @@ msgstr "" "Напишете „help“, за да видите списъка.\n" "Напишете „help ИМЕ_НА_ФУНКЦИЯ“ за повече информация за съответната функция.\n" "Напишете „info bash“ за повече информация за обвивката като цяло.\n" -"Напишете „man -k“ или „info“ за повече информация за командите извън " -"списъка.\n" +"Напишете „man -k“ или „info“ за повече информация за командите извън списъка.\n" "\n" "Знакът звездичка „*“ до името на команда означава, че тя е изключена.\n" "\n" @@ -689,18 +683,16 @@ msgid "" " \twith its position in the stack\n" " \n" " Arguments:\n" -" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown " -"by\n" +" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by\n" " \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n" " \n" -" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown " -"by\n" +" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by\n" "\tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero." msgstr "" "Извежда списъка с текущо запомнените директории. Списъкът се попълва чрез\n" " командата „pushd“. Можете да вадите директории от списъка с командата\n" " „popd“.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -c изчиства стека на директориите като изтрива всички елементи.\n" " -l кара командата „dirs“ да извежда пълните имена на директориите,\n" @@ -708,14 +700,12 @@ msgstr "" " -p поредово отпечатване на стека на директориите.\n" " -v поредово отпечатване на стека на директориите заедно с номера в\n" " стека.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Аргументи: \n" -" +N извежда N-тия елемент отляво в списъка отпечатан от командата " -"„dirs“,\n" +" +N извежда N-тия елемент отляво в списъка отпечатан от командата „dirs“,\n" " когато е стартирана без опции. Брои се от 0.\n" -"\n" -" -N извежда N-тия елемент отдясно в списъка отпечатан от командата " -"„dirs“,\n" +" \n" +" -N извежда N-тия елемент отдясно в списъка отпечатан от командата „dirs“,\n" " когато е стартирана без опции. Брои се от 0." #: builtins/pushd.def:723 @@ -747,25 +737,19 @@ msgstr "" " аргументи сменя най-горните две директории.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" -" -n подтискане на нормалното преминаване към директория при добавянето " -"на\n" +" -n подтискане на нормалното преминаване към директория при добавянето на\n" " директории към стека, така че се променя само той.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Аргументи:\n" -" +N Превърта стека, така че N-тата директория (като се брои от " -"лявата\n" -" страна на списъка, отпечатан от командата „dirs“ като се почва от " -"0)\n" +" +N Превърта стека, така че N-тата директория (като се брои от лявата\n" +" страна на списъка, отпечатан от командата „dirs“ като се почва от 0)\n" " да е най-отгоре.\n" " \n" -" -N Превърта стека, така че N-тата директория (като се брои от " -"дясната\n" -" страна на списъка, отпечатан от командата „dirs“ като се почва от " -"0)\n" +" -N Превърта стека, така че N-тата директория (като се брои от дясната\n" +" страна на списъка, отпечатан от командата „dirs“ като се почва от 0)\n" " да е най-отгоре.\n" -"\n" -" dir Добавя ДИР най-отгоре в стека на директориите, като я прави " -"новата\n" +" \n" +" dir Добавя ДИР най-отгоре в стека на директориите, като я прави новата\n" " текуща работна директория.\n" " \n" " Можете да изведете стека на директорията с командата „dirs“." @@ -790,25 +774,22 @@ msgid "" " \n" " The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack." msgstr "" -"Маха директории от стека с тях. Без аргументи премахва последната директория " -"в\n" +"Маха директории от стека с тях. Без аргументи премахва последната директория в\n" " стека и влиза в новата последна директория.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" -" -n подтискане на нормалното преминаване към директория при махането " -"на\n" +" -n подтискане на нормалното преминаване към директория при махането на\n" " директория от стека — само той се променя.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Аргументи:\n" " +N премахва N-тия елемент като се брои отляво в списъка отпечатан от\n" " командата „dirs“, като се брои от 0. Напр.: „popd +0“ премахва\n" " първата директория, „popd +1“ - втората.\n" -"\n" -" -N премахва N-тия елемент като се брои отдясно в списъка отпечатан " -"от\n" +" \n" +" -N премахва N-тия елемент като се брои отдясно в списъка отпечатан от\n" " командата „dirs“, като се брои от 0. Напр.: „popd -0“ премахва\n" " последната директория, „popd -1“ - предпоследната.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Можете да изведете стека на директорията с командата „dirs“." #: builtins/read.def:279 @@ -823,13 +804,11 @@ msgstr "грешка при четене: %d: %s" #: builtins/return.def:68 msgid "can only `return' from a function or sourced script" -msgstr "" -"„return“ е възможен само от функция или изпълнен в текущата обвивка скрипт" +msgstr "„return“ е възможен само от функция или изпълнен в текущата обвивка скрипт" #: builtins/set.def:852 msgid "cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variable" -msgstr "" -"не може едновременно да се премахват задаванията на функция и променлива" +msgstr "не може едновременно да се премахват задаванията на функция и променлива" #: builtins/set.def:904 #, c-format @@ -862,8 +841,7 @@ msgstr "брой на преместванията" #: builtins/shopt.def:310 msgid "cannot set and unset shell options simultaneously" -msgstr "" -"не може едновременно да се задават и да се премахват опции на обвивката" +msgstr "не може едновременно да се задават и да се премахват опции на обвивката" #: builtins/shopt.def:420 #, c-format @@ -1004,9 +982,7 @@ msgstr "%s: променлива без стойност" #: eval.c:245 #, c-format msgid "\atimed out waiting for input: auto-logout\n" -msgstr "" -"\aвремето за изчакване на вход изтече: следва автоматично излизане от " -"системата\n" +msgstr "\aвремето за изчакване на вход изтече: следва автоматично излизане от системата\n" #: execute_cmd.c:536 #, c-format @@ -1045,8 +1021,7 @@ msgstr "%s: превишено е максималното ниво на вла #: execute_cmd.c:5340 #, c-format msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names" -msgstr "" -"%s: ограничение: в имената на командите не може да присъства знакът „/“" +msgstr "%s: ограничение: в имената на командите не може да присъства знакът „/“" #: execute_cmd.c:5438 #, c-format @@ -1095,9 +1070,8 @@ msgid "attempted assignment to non-variable" msgstr "опит за присвояване на стойност на нещо, което не е променлива" #: expr.c:530 -#, fuzzy msgid "syntax error in variable assignment" -msgstr "синтактична грешка в израз" +msgstr "синтактична грешка при присвояване на променлива" #: expr.c:544 expr.c:910 msgid "division by 0" @@ -1161,15 +1135,12 @@ msgstr "не може да се изчисти режимът без забав #: input.c:266 #, c-format msgid "cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d" -msgstr "" -"не може да се задели нов файлов дескриптор за вход на bash от дескриптор %d" +msgstr "не може да се задели нов файлов дескриптор за вход на bash от дескриптор %d" #: input.c:274 #, c-format msgid "save_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d" -msgstr "" -"запазване на входа на bash: вече съществува буфер за новия файлов дескриптор " -"%d" +msgstr "запазване на входа на bash: вече съществува буфер за новия файлов дескриптор %d" #: jobs.c:529 msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe" @@ -1200,8 +1171,7 @@ msgstr "добавяне на процес: процесът %5ld (%s) е отб #: jobs.c:1639 #, c-format msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid" -msgstr "" -"описателен идентификатор на процес: %ld: няма такъв идентификатор на процес" +msgstr "описателен идентификатор на процес: %ld: няма такъв идентификатор на процес" #: jobs.c:1654 #, c-format @@ -1305,9 +1275,8 @@ msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed" msgstr "инициализация на контрола на задачите: неуспешно изпълнение на getpgrp" #: jobs.c:4247 -#, fuzzy msgid "initialize_job_control: no job control in background" -msgstr "инициализация на контрола на задачите: дисциплина на линията" +msgstr "инициализация на контрола на задачите: няма управление на задачите във фонов режим" #: jobs.c:4263 msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline" @@ -1315,9 +1284,7 @@ msgstr "инициализация на контрола на задачите: #: jobs.c:4273 msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid" -msgstr "" -"инициализация на контрола на задачите: задаване на група при изпълнение " -"(setpgid)" +msgstr "инициализация на контрола на задачите: задаване на група при изпълнение (setpgid)" #: jobs.c:4294 jobs.c:4303 #, c-format @@ -1348,13 +1315,11 @@ msgstr "непознат" #: lib/malloc/malloc.c:855 msgid "malloc: block on free list clobbered" -msgstr "" -"заделяне на памет: блок в списъка със свободни блокове е зает или неподходящ" +msgstr "заделяне на памет: блок в списъка със свободни блокове е зает или неподходящ" #: lib/malloc/malloc.c:932 msgid "free: called with already freed block argument" -msgstr "" -"изчистване на памет: извикано е с блоков аргумент, който вече е изчистен" +msgstr "изчистване на памет: извикано е с блоков аргумент, който вече е изчистен" #: lib/malloc/malloc.c:935 msgid "free: called with unallocated block argument" @@ -1368,8 +1333,7 @@ msgstr "" #: lib/malloc/malloc.c:960 msgid "free: start and end chunk sizes differ" -msgstr "" -"изчистване на памет: късовете на началната и крайната области се различават" +msgstr "изчистване на памет: късовете на началната и крайната области се различават" #: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1070 msgid "realloc: called with unallocated block argument" @@ -1388,8 +1352,7 @@ msgstr "презаделяне: късовете на началната и кр #: lib/malloc/table.c:191 #, c-format msgid "register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC?\n" -msgstr "" -"регистриране на презаделяне: таблицата за заделянията е пълна с FIND_ALLOC?\n" +msgstr "регистриране на презаделяне: таблицата за заделянията е пълна с FIND_ALLOC?\n" #: lib/malloc/table.c:200 #, c-format @@ -1478,24 +1441,17 @@ msgstr "вътрешен документ с „<<“: неправилен ви #: make_cmd.c:657 #, c-format msgid "here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')" -msgstr "" -"вътрешният документ на ред %d е отделен със знак за нов ред (а трябва да е „%" -"s“)" +msgstr "вътрешният документ на ред %d е отделен със знак за нов ред (а трябва да е „%s“)" #: make_cmd.c:756 #, c-format msgid "make_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of range" -msgstr "" -"пренасочване: инструкцията за пренасочване „%d“ е извън допустимия диапазон" +msgstr "пренасочване: инструкцията за пренасочване „%d“ е извън допустимия диапазон" #: parse.y:2380 #, c-format -msgid "" -"shell_getc: shell_input_line_size (%zu) exceeds SIZE_MAX (%lu): line " -"truncated" -msgstr "" -"shell_getc: shell_input_line_size (%zu) надвишава SIZE_MAX (%lu): редът е " -"отрязан" +msgid "shell_getc: shell_input_line_size (%zu) exceeds SIZE_MAX (%lu): line truncated" +msgstr "shell_getc: shell_input_line_size (%zu) надвишава SIZE_MAX (%lu): редът е отрязан" #: parse.y:2786 msgid "maximum here-document count exceeded" @@ -1504,8 +1460,7 @@ msgstr "превишен е максималният брой възможни #: parse.y:3536 parse.y:3906 #, c-format msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'" -msgstr "" -"неочакван знак за край на файл „EOF“, а се очакваше съответстващ знак „%c“" +msgstr "неочакван знак за край на файл „EOF“, а се очакваше съответстващ знак „%c“" #: parse.y:4606 msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'" @@ -1611,8 +1566,7 @@ msgstr "programmable_completion: %s: възможно зацикляне на п #: pcomplib.c:182 #, c-format msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC" -msgstr "" -"вмъкване на завършване на команда: %s указване на команда, което е NULL" +msgstr "вмъкване на завършване на команда: %s указване на команда, което е NULL" #: print_cmd.c:302 #, c-format @@ -1669,8 +1623,7 @@ msgstr "%s: на променлива не може да се присвои ф #: redir.c:591 msgid "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking" -msgstr "" -"„/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port“ не се поддържат, ако няма поддръжка на мрежа" +msgstr "„/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port“ не се поддържат, ако няма поддръжка на мрежа" #: redir.c:875 redir.c:990 redir.c:1051 redir.c:1221 msgid "redirection error: cannot duplicate fd" @@ -1686,7 +1639,7 @@ msgstr "„/tmp“ трябва да е директория" #: shell.c:798 msgid "pretty-printing mode ignored in interactive shells" -msgstr "" +msgstr "режимът за красив изход се игнорира при интерактивна работа" #: shell.c:940 #, c-format @@ -1744,8 +1697,7 @@ msgstr "Опции на обвивката:\n" #: shell.c:1988 msgid "\t-ilrsD or -c command or -O shopt_option\t\t(invocation only)\n" -msgstr "" -" -ilrsD или -c команда, или -O къса_опция (само при стартиране)\n" +msgstr " -ilrsD или -c команда, или -O къса_опция (само при стартиране)\n" #: shell.c:2007 #, c-format @@ -1755,15 +1707,12 @@ msgstr " -%s или -o опция\n" #: shell.c:2013 #, c-format msgid "Type `%s -c \"help set\"' for more information about shell options.\n" -msgstr "" -"За повече информация за опциите на обвивката въведете „%s -c \"help set\"“.\n" +msgstr "За повече информация за опциите на обвивката въведете „%s -c \"help set\"“.\n" #: shell.c:2014 #, c-format msgid "Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands.\n" -msgstr "" -"За повече информация за вградените в обвивката команди въведете „%s -c " -"help“.\n" +msgstr "За повече информация за вградените в обвивката команди въведете „%s -c help“.\n" #: shell.c:2015 #, c-format @@ -1895,7 +1844,7 @@ msgstr "Аларма (по профил)" #: siglist.c:167 msgid "Window changed" -msgstr "Прозорецът е преоразмерен" +msgstr "Преоразмерен прозорец" #: siglist.c:171 msgid "Record lock" @@ -2021,9 +1970,9 @@ msgid "%s: invalid variable name" msgstr "„%s“: грешно име на променлива" #: subst.c:7056 -#, fuzzy, c-format +#, c-format msgid "%s: parameter not set" -msgstr "%s: аргументът е „null“ или не е зададен" +msgstr "%s: аргументът не е зададен" #: subst.c:7058 #, c-format @@ -2046,9 +1995,7 @@ msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way" msgstr "$%s: не може да се задава по този начин" #: subst.c:9485 -msgid "" -"future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic " -"substitution" +msgid "future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution" msgstr "" "бъдещите версии на обвивката ще използват изчисляване като аритметично\n" "заместване" @@ -2100,7 +2047,7 @@ msgid "invalid signal number" msgstr "неправилен номер на сигнал" #: trap.c:320 -#, fuzzy, c-format +#, c-format msgid "trap handler: maximum trap handler level exceeded (%d)" msgstr "eval: превишено е максималното ниво на влагане на „eval“ (%d)" @@ -2113,8 +2060,7 @@ msgstr "" #: trap.c:412 #, c-format -msgid "" -"run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself" +msgid "run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself" msgstr "" "стартиране на предстоящите прихващания: обработката на сигнали е SIG_DFL.\n" "%d (%s) е преизпратен на текущата обвивка" @@ -2137,8 +2083,7 @@ msgstr "нивото на обвивката (%d) е прекалено голя #: variables.c:2655 msgid "make_local_variable: no function context at current scope" msgstr "" -"създаване на локална променлива: липсва контекст на функция в текущата " -"област\n" +"създаване на локална променлива: липсва контекст на функция в текущата област\n" "на видимост" #: variables.c:2674 @@ -2175,8 +2120,7 @@ msgstr "липсва „=“ в низа за изнасяне за %s" #: variables.c:5243 msgid "pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context" msgstr "" -"изваждане на контекст на променливи: в началото на структурата за променливи " -"на\n" +"изваждане на контекст на променливи: в началото на структурата за променливи на\n" "обвивката (shell_variables) е нещо, което не е контекст на функция" #: variables.c:5256 @@ -2207,17 +2151,12 @@ msgid "%s: %s: compatibility value out of range" msgstr "%s: %s: е извън допустимия диапазон" #: version.c:46 version2.c:46 -#, fuzzy msgid "Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc." -msgstr "Авторски права (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc." +msgstr "Авторски права © 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc." #: version.c:47 version2.c:47 -msgid "" -"License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later \n" -msgstr "" -"Лиценз GPLv3+: ОПЛ на GNU, версия 3 или по-висока \n" +msgid "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later \n" +msgstr "Лиценз GPLv3+: ОПЛ на GNU, версия 3 или по-висока \n" #: version.c:86 version2.c:86 #, c-format @@ -2261,15 +2200,12 @@ msgid "unalias [-a] name [name ...]" msgstr "unalias [-a] ИМЕ [ИМЕ…]" #: builtins.c:53 -msgid "" -"bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-" -"x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]" +msgid "bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]" msgstr "" "bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m ПОДРЕДБА_НА_КЛАВИАТУРАТА] [-f ИМЕ_НА_ФАЙЛ]\n" " [-q ИМЕ] [-u ИМЕ] [-r ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛНОСТ_ОТ_КЛАВИШИ]\n" " [-x ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛНОСТ_ОТ_КЛАВИШИ:КОМАНДА_НА_ОБВИВКАТА]\n" -" [ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛНОСТ_ОТ_КЛАВИШИ:КОМАНДА_НА_ОБВИВКАТА или " -"КОМАНДА_НА_READLINE]" +" [ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛНОСТ_ОТ_КЛАВИШИ:КОМАНДА_НА_ОБВИВКАТА или КОМАНДА_НА_READLINE]" #: builtins.c:56 msgid "break [n]" @@ -2345,9 +2281,7 @@ msgstr "logout [ЦИФРОВ_КОД]" #: builtins.c:105 msgid "fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]" -msgstr "" -"fc [-e РЕДАКТОР] [-lnr] [ПЪРВИ] [ПОСЛЕДЕН] или fc -s [ШАБЛОН=ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛ…] " -"[КОМАНДА]" +msgstr "fc [-e РЕДАКТОР] [-lnr] [ПЪРВИ] [ПОСЛЕДЕН] или fc -s [ШАБЛОН=ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛ…] [КОМАНДА]" #: builtins.c:109 msgid "fg [job_spec]" @@ -2366,9 +2300,7 @@ msgid "help [-dms] [pattern ...]" msgstr "help [-dms] [ШАБЛОН…]" #: builtins.c:123 -msgid "" -"history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg " -"[arg...]" +msgid "history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]" msgstr "" "history [-c] [-d ОТМЕСТВАНЕ] [БРОЙ] или \n" "history -anrw [ИМЕ_НА_ФАЙЛ] или\n" @@ -2383,9 +2315,7 @@ msgid "disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ... | pid ...]" msgstr "disown [-h] [-ar] [ИД_ЗАДАЧА… | ИД_ПРОЦЕС…]" #: builtins.c:134 -msgid "" -"kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l " -"[sigspec]" +msgid "kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]" msgstr "" "kill [-s СИГНАЛ | -n НОМЕР_НА_СИГНАЛ | -СИГНАЛ] ИД_ПРОЦЕС | ИД_ЗАДАЧА…\n" "или\n" @@ -2396,9 +2326,7 @@ msgid "let arg [arg ...]" msgstr "let АРГУМЕНТ [АРГУМЕНТ…]" #: builtins.c:138 -msgid "" -"read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p " -"prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]" +msgid "read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]" msgstr "" "read [-ers] [-a МАСИВ] [-d РАЗДЕЛИТЕЛ] [-i ТЕКСТ] [-n БРОЙ_ЗНАЦИ]\n" " [-N БРОЙ_ЗНАЦИ] [-p ПОДСКАЗКА] [-t БРОЙ_ЗНАЦИ] [-u ФАЙЛОВ_ДЕСКРИПТОР]\n" @@ -2465,9 +2393,8 @@ msgid "umask [-p] [-S] [mode]" msgstr "umask [-p] [-S] [МАСКА]" #: builtins.c:177 -#, fuzzy msgid "wait [-fn] [id ...]" -msgstr "wait [-n] [ИД…]" +msgstr "wait [-fn] [ИД…]" #: builtins.c:181 msgid "wait [pid ...]" @@ -2494,12 +2421,8 @@ msgid "case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac" msgstr "case ДУМА in [ШАБЛОН [| ШАБЛОН]…) КОМАНДИ ;;]… esac" #: builtins.c:194 -msgid "" -"if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else " -"COMMANDS; ] fi" -msgstr "" -"if КОМАНДИ; then КОМАНДИ; [ elif КОМАНДИ; then КОМАНДИ; ]… [ else КОМАНДИ; ] " -"fi" +msgid "if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi" +msgstr "if КОМАНДИ; then КОМАНДИ; [ elif КОМАНДИ; then КОМАНДИ; ]… [ else КОМАНДИ; ] fi" #: builtins.c:196 msgid "while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done" @@ -2558,46 +2481,34 @@ msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]" msgstr "printf [-v ПРОМЕНЛИВА] ФОРМАТ [АРГУМЕНТИ]" #: builtins.c:231 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-" -"W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S " -"suffix] [name ...]" +msgid "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]" msgstr "" -"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o ОПЦИЯ] [-A ДЕЙСТВИЕ]\n" +"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o ОПЦИЯ] [-A ДЕЙСТВИЕ]\n" " [-G ШАБЛОН] [-W ДУМИ] [-F ФУНКЦИЯ] [-C КОМАНДА] [-X ФИЛТЪР]\n" " [-P ПРЕДСТАВКА] [-S НАСТАВКА] [ИМЕ…]" #: builtins.c:235 -msgid "" -"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] " -"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]" +msgid "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]" msgstr "" "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o ОПЦИЯ] [-A ДЕЙСТВИЕ] [-G ШАБЛОН]\n" " [-W ДУМИ] [-F ФУНКЦИЯ] [-C КОМАНДА] [-X ФИЛТЪР] [-P ПРЕДСТАВКА]\n" " [-S НАСТАВКА] [ДУМА]" #: builtins.c:239 -#, fuzzy msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [-DEI] [name ...]" -msgstr "compopt [-o|+o ОПЦИЯ] [-DE] [ИМЕ…]" +msgstr "compopt [-o|+o ОПЦИЯ] [-DEI] [ИМЕ…]" #: builtins.c:242 -msgid "" -"mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C " -"callback] [-c quantum] [array]" +msgid "mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]" msgstr "" "mapfile [-d РАЗДЕЛИТЕЛ] [-n БРОЙ] [-O НАЧАЛО] [-s БРОЙ] [-t]\n" " [-u ФАЙЛ_ДЕСКР] [-C ФУНКЦИЯ] [-c КВАНТ] [МАСИВ]" #: builtins.c:244 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"readarray [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C " -"callback] [-c quantum] [array]" +msgid "readarray [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]" msgstr "" -"readarray [-n БРОЙ] [-O НАЧАЛО] [-s БРОЙ] [-t] [-u ФАЙЛ_ДЕСКР]\n" -" [-C ФУНКЦИЯ] [-c КВАНТ] [МАСИВ]" +"readarray [-d РАЗДЕЛИТЕЛ] [-n БРОЙ] [-O НАЧАЛО] [-s БРОЙ] [-t]\n" +" [-u ФАЙЛ_ДЕСКР] [-C ФУНКЦИЯ] [-c КВАНТ] [МАСИВ]" #: builtins.c:256 msgid "" @@ -2614,22 +2525,21 @@ msgid "" " -p\tprint all defined aliases in a reusable format\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" -" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has " -"been\n" +" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has been\n" " defined." msgstr "" "Дефиниране или извеждане на синоними.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " „alias“ без аргументи или с опцията „-p“ отпечатва списъка със\n" " синонимите във формат „ИМЕ=СТОЙНОСТ“ на стандартния изход.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " В противен случай за всяко ИМЕ, за което е зададена стойност, се\n" " дефинира синоним. Интервал в края на СТОЙНОСТ-та предизвиква синонимно\n" " заместване на следващата дума при заместването на синонима.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -p Извежда всички синоними във формат за последващо използване\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " alias връща 0, освен в случаите, когато се зададе ИМЕ, за което\n" " не е дефиниран синоним." @@ -2644,10 +2554,10 @@ msgid "" " Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias." msgstr "" "Премахване на ИМЕната от списъка с дефинираните синоними.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -a премахване на всички синоними.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Връща 0, освен в случаите, когато се зададе ИМЕ, за което\n" " не е дефиниран синоним." @@ -2664,86 +2574,72 @@ msgid "" " Options:\n" " -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this\n" " command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs,\n" -" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-" -"move,\n" +" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,\n" " vi-command, and vi-insert.\n" " -l List names of functions.\n" " -P List function names and bindings.\n" " -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be\n" " reused as input.\n" -" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their " -"values\n" -" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their " -"values\n" +" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n" +" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n" " in a form that can be reused as input.\n" " -V List variable names and values\n" " -v List variable names and values in a form that can\n" " be reused as input.\n" " -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function.\n" -" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named " -"function.\n" +" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function.\n" " -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ.\n" " -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME.\n" " -x keyseq:shell-command\tCause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when\n" " \t\t\t\tKEYSEQ is entered.\n" -" -X List key sequences bound with -x and associated " -"commands\n" +" -X List key sequences bound with -x and associated commands\n" " in a form that can be reused as input.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" " bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs." msgstr "" "Задаване на клавишни комбинации и променливи на readline.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Присвояване на последователност от клавиши на функция или макрос от\n" " readline или задаване на променлива на readline. Синтаксисът с\n" " аргументи без опции е еквивалентен на този във файла „~/.inputrc“, но\n" " трябва да се подаде като единствен аргумент. Напр:\n" " bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -m ПОДРЕДБА \n" -" Използване на ПОДРЕДБАта като подредба на функциите на " -"клавишите\n" +" Използване на ПОДРЕДБАта като подредба на функциите на клавишите\n" " докато командата се изпълнява. Валидни са следните имена:\n" " „emacs“, „emacs-standard“, „emacs-meta“, „emacs-ctlx“, „vi“,\n" " „vi-move“, „vi-command“ и „vi-insert“.\n" " -l Списък с имената на функциите.\n" " -P Списък с имената на функциите и присвояванията.\n" -" -p Списък с имената на функциите и присвояванията във вид, който " -"може\n" +" -p Списък с имената на функциите и присвояванията във вид, който може\n" " да се използва за вход.\n" -" -S Списък с клавишните последователности, които извикват макроси " -"и\n" +" -S Списък с клавишните последователности, които извикват макроси и\n" " стойностите им.\n" -" -s Списък с клавишните последователности, които извикват макроси " -"и\n" +" -s Списък с клавишните последователности, които извикват макроси и\n" " стойностите им във вид, който може да се използва за вход.\n" " -V Списък с имената на променливите и стойностите им.\n" -" -v Списък с имената на променливите и стойностите им във вид, " -"който\n" +" -v Списък с имената на променливите и стойностите им във вид, който\n" " може да се използва за вход.\n" " -q ИМЕ_НА_ФУНКЦИЯ\n" " Проверка кои клавиши извикват функцията с това име.\n" " -u ИМЕ_НА_ФУНКЦИЯ\n" -" Премахване на присвояванията към всички клавиши на функцията " -"с\n" +" Премахване на присвояванията към всички клавиши на функцията с\n" " това име.\n" " -r КЛАВИШНА_ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛНОСТ\n" -" Премахване на присвоената функция от " -"КЛАВИШНАта_ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛНОСТ.\n" +" Премахване на присвоената функция от КЛАВИШНАта_ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛНОСТ.\n" " -f ФАЙЛ\n" " Прочитане на присвояванията на клавиши от ФАЙЛа.\n" " -x КЛАВИШНА_ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛНОСТ:КОМАНДА_НА_ОБВИВКАТА\n" " Изпълнение на КОМАНДАта_НА_ОБВИВКАТА при въвеждането на\n" " КЛАВИШНАта_ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛНОСТ.\n" -" -X Извеждане на клавишните комбинации зададени с „-x“ и свързаните с " -"тях\n" +" -X Извеждане на клавишните комбинации зададени с „-x“ и свързаните с тях\n" " команди във форма, която може да се ползва и за вход\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" bind връща 0, освен когато е зададена непозната опция или възникне " -"грешка." +" bind връща 0, освен когато е зададена непозната опция или възникне грешка." #: builtins.c:330 msgid "" @@ -2757,8 +2653,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Изход от цикли чрез „for“, „while“ или „until“.\n" " \n" -" Изход от цикли организирани чрез „for“, „while“ или „until“. Ако е " -"зададен\n" +" Изход от цикли организирани чрез „for“, „while“ или „until“. Ако е зададен\n" " БРОЙ се излиза от толкова на БРОЙ обхващащи цикли.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" @@ -2775,38 +2670,33 @@ msgid "" " The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1." msgstr "" "Продължаване на цикъл чрез „for“, „while“ или „until“.\n" -"\n" -" Продължаване със следващата итерация от цикъл, организиран с „for“, " -"„while“\n" -" или „until“. Ако е зададен БРОЙ, се продължава със следващата " -"итерация\n" +" \n" +" Продължаване със следващата итерация от цикъл, организиран с „for“, „while“\n" +" или „until“. Ако е зададен БРОЙ, се продължава със следващата итерация\n" " на обхващащия цикъл зададен с този БРОЙ.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако е зададен БРОЙ, който е по-малък от 1." #: builtins.c:354 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Execute shell builtins.\n" " \n" " Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command\n" " lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin\n" -" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the " -"function.\n" +" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the function.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" " Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is\n" " not a shell builtin." msgstr "" "Изпълнение на вградени команди.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изпълнение на ВГРАДЕНАта_КОМАНДА с АРГУМЕНТи, без да се търси нормална\n" -" команда. Това е полезно в случаите, когато искате да създадете " -"вградена\n" +" команда. Това е полезно в случаите, когато искате да създадете вградена\n" " команда като функция на обвивката, но във функцията искате да изпълните\n" " вградената команда.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Връща изходния код на ВГРАДЕНАта_КОМАНДА или лъжа, ако извиканата \n" " ВГРАДЕНА_КОМАНДА всъщност не е вградена команда." @@ -2832,35 +2722,27 @@ msgstr "" " „$line $subroutine $filename“. Допълнителната информация може да се\n" " използва за получаване на информация за състоянието на стека.\n" " \n" -" Стойността на ИЗРАЗа показва за колко рамки спрямо текущата да се " -"изведе\n" +" Стойността на ИЗРАЗа показва за колко рамки спрямо текущата да се изведе\n" " информация. Най-горната рамка е 0.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" Връща 0, освен ако обвивката изпълнява функция дефинирана в обвивката " -"или\n" +" Връща 0, освен ако обвивката изпълнява функция дефинирана в обвивката или\n" " ИЗРАЗът е грешен." #: builtins.c:387 msgid "" "Change the shell working directory.\n" " \n" -" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of " -"the\n" +" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the\n" " HOME shell variable.\n" " \n" -" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory " -"containing\n" -" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon " -"(:).\n" -" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR " -"begins\n" +" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing\n" +" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).\n" +" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR begins\n" " with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.\n" " \n" -" If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is " -"set,\n" -" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a " -"value,\n" +" If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,\n" +" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a value,\n" " its value is used for DIR.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" @@ -2876,57 +2758,44 @@ msgid "" " \t\tattributes as a directory containing the file attributes\n" " \n" " The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.\n" -" `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname " -"component\n" +" `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component\n" " back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" -" Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully " -"when\n" +" Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when\n" " -P is used; non-zero otherwise." msgstr "" "Смяна на работната директория на обвивката.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Смяна на текущата директория да е ДИРЕКТОРИЯ. Променливата „HOME“ е\n" " стандартната директория.\n" -"\n" -" Променливата „CDPATH“ определя пътя за търсене на директории, които " -"могат да\n" +" \n" +" Променливата „CDPATH“ определя пътя за търсене на директории, които могат да\n" " съдържат ДИРЕКТОРИЯта. Директориите в „CDPATH“ са разделени с „:“. \n" -" Липсващо име на директория означава текущата директория, т.е. „.“. Ако " -"името\n" +" Липсващо име на директория означава текущата директория, т.е. „.“. Ако името\n" " на ДИРЕКТОРИЯта започва с наклонена черта „/“, „CDPATH“ не се ползва.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Ако директорията не е открита, но е зададена опцията на обвивката\n" -" „cdable_vars“, то думата се пробва като име на променлива. Ако " -"променливата\n" -" има стойност, то директорията се сменя към стойността на тази " -"променлива.\n" -" \n" +" „cdable_vars“, то думата се пробва като име на променлива. Ако променливата\n" +" има стойност, то директорията се сменя към стойността на тази променлива.\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -L налага следването на символните връзки. Символните връзки в\n" -" ДИРЕКТОРИЯта се обработват след указателите към горна директория " -"„..“.\n" -" -P налага използването на фактическата подредба на директориите, " -"вместо\n" -" да се следват символните връзки. Символните връзки в ДИРЕКТОРИЯта " -"се\n" +" ДИРЕКТОРИЯта се обработват след указателите към горна директория „..“.\n" +" -P налага използването на фактическата подредба на директориите, вместо\n" +" да се следват символните връзки. Символните връзки в ДИРЕКТОРИЯта се\n" " обработват след указателите към горна директория „..“.\n" -" -e ако е използвана опцията „-P“ и текущата директория не може да " -"бъде\n" +" -e ако е използвана опцията „-P“ и текущата директория не може да бъде\n" " определена, командата завършва с ненулев изход.\n" -" -@ на системите с поддръжка на разширени атрибути файлът се " -"представя\n" +" -@ на системите с поддръжка на разширени атрибути файлът се представя\n" " като директория, в която са атрибутите.\n" -"\n" -" Стандартно символните връзки се следват, все едно е зададена опцията „-" -"L“\n" -"\n" -" Изходен код:\n" -" Връща 0 при смяна на директорията. Когато е зададена опцията „-P“, 0 " -"се\n" -" връща при успешно задаване на променливата „PWD„. Във всички останали\n" -" случаи изходът е ненулев." +" \n" +" Стандартно символните връзки се следват, все едно е зададена опцията „-L“\n" +" \n" +" Изходен код:\n" +" Връща 0 при смяна на директорията. Когато е зададена опцията „-P“, 0 се\n" +" връща при успешно задаване на променливата „PWD„. Във всички останали\n" +" случаи изходът е ненулев." #: builtins.c:425 msgid "" @@ -2953,8 +2822,7 @@ msgstr "" " Стандартно поведението на „pwd“ без аргументи съответства на „-L“.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" 0, освен ако е подадена неправилна опция или текущата директория не може " -"да\n" +" 0, освен ако е подадена неправилна опция или текущата директория не може да\n" " бъде прочетена." #: builtins.c:442 @@ -3002,8 +2870,7 @@ msgid "" "Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n" " \n" " Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display\n" -" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke " -"commands\n" +" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke commands\n" " on disk when a function with the same name exists.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" @@ -3018,25 +2885,20 @@ msgstr "" "Изпълнение на нормална команда или извеждане на информация за команди.\n" " \n" " Изпълнение на КОМАНДАта с АРГументи, без тя да се търси като функция на\n" -" обвивката, или извеждане на информация за указаните КОМАНДи. Може да " -"се\n" -" използва за изпълнението на външни команди, дори когато съществува " -"функция\n" +" обвивката, или извеждане на информация за указаните КОМАНДи. Може да се\n" +" използва за изпълнението на външни команди, дори когато съществува функция\n" " със същото име.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" -" -p използване на стандартна стойност на PATH. Така могат да се " -"открият\n" +" -p използване на стандартна стойност на PATH. Така могат да се открият\n" " всички стандартни инструменти\n" -" -v извежда описание на КОМАНДАта подобно на вградената команда " -"„type“\n" +" -v извежда описание на КОМАНДАта подобно на вградената команда „type“\n" " -V извежда по пълно описание на всяка КОМАНДА\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Връща изходния код на КОМАНДАта или грешка, ако такава не е открита." #: builtins.c:490 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Set variable values and attributes.\n" " \n" @@ -3067,8 +2929,7 @@ msgid "" " Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see\n" " the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value.\n" " \n" -" When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the " -"`local'\n" +" When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the `local'\n" " command. The `-g' option suppresses this behavior.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" @@ -3077,20 +2938,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Задаване на стойности на променливите и атрибутите.\n" " \n" -" Деклариране на променливи и задаване на атрибутите им. Ако не са " -"дадени\n" +" Деклариране на променливи и задаване на атрибутите им. Ако не са дадени\n" " ИМЕна се изобразяват атрибутите и стойностите на всички променливи.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" -" -f Ограничаване на действието или извеждането до имената и " -"дефинициите\n" +" -f Ограничаване на действието или извеждането до имената и дефинициите\n" " на функциите\n" -" -F Ограничаване на извеждането само до имената на функциите, заедно " -"с\n" -" номерата на редовете и изходните файлове при изчистване на " -"грешките\n" -" -g Създаване на глобална променлива, когато опцията е употребена " -"във\n" +" -F Ограничаване на извеждането само до имената на функциите, заедно с\n" +" номерата на редовете и изходните файлове при изчистване на грешките\n" +" -g Създаване на глобална променлива, когато опцията е употребена във\n" " функция. В противен случай се пренебрегва\n" " -p Извеждане на атрибутите и стойността на всяко ИМЕ\n" " \n" @@ -3112,15 +2968,12 @@ msgstr "" " число се извършва аритметично изчисляване (вижте командата „let“).\n" " the `let' command).\n" " \n" -" Когато се използва във функция, командата „declare“ прави ИМЕната " -"локални,\n" -" все едно се изпълнява командата „local“. Опцията „-g“ предотвратява " -"това\n" +" Когато се използва във функция, командата „declare“ прави ИМЕната локални,\n" +" все едно се изпълнява командата „local“. Опцията „-g“ предотвратява това\n" " поведение.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" 0, освен ако е зададена неправилна опция или възникне грешка при " -"задаването\n" +" 0, освен ако е зададена неправилна опция или възникне грешка при задаването\n" " на стойност на променлива." #: builtins.c:530 @@ -3149,26 +3002,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Дефиниране на локални променливи.\n" " \n" -" Създаване на локална променлива с това ИМЕ и зададената СТОЙНОСТ. " -"ОПЦИЯта\n" +" Създаване на локална променлива с това ИМЕ и зададената СТОЙНОСТ. ОПЦИЯта\n" " може да е всяка приемана от вградената команда „declare“.\n" " \n" -" Локалните променливи могат да се използват само във функция. Те са " -"видими\n" +" Локалните променливи могат да се използват само във функция. Те са видими\n" " само в нея и нейните наследници.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" 0, освен ако е зададена неправилна ОПЦИЯ, възникне грешка при задаването " -"на\n" +" 0, освен ако е зададена неправилна ОПЦИЯ, възникне грешка при задаването на\n" " стойност на променлива, или в момента не се изпълнява функция." #: builtins.c:555 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Write arguments to the standard output.\n" " \n" -" Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by " -"a\n" +" Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by a\n" " newline, on the standard output.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" @@ -3192,28 +3040,25 @@ msgid "" " \t\t0 to 3 octal digits\n" " \\xHH\tthe eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH\n" " \t\tcan be one or two hex digits\n" -" \\uHHHH\tthe Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value " -"HHHH.\n" +" \\uHHHH\tthe Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value HHHH.\n" " \t\tHHHH can be one to four hex digits.\n" -" \\UHHHHHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal " -"value\n" +" \\UHHHHHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value\n" " \t\tHHHHHHHH. HHHHHHHH can be one to eight hex digits.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" " Returns success unless a write error occurs." msgstr "" "Извеждане на аргументите на стандартния изход.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Извеждане на АРГУМЕНТите на стандартния изход разделени с интервали и\n" " последвани от нов ред.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -n не се извежда знак за нов ред.\n" -" -e включва се интерпретирането на знаците, изброени по-долу, " -"екранирани\n" +" -e включва се интерпретирането на знаците, изброени по-долу, екранирани\n" " с обратна наклонена черта — „\\“\n" " -Е изрично се спира интерпретирането на долните знаци\n" -"\n" +" \n" " „echo“ поддържа следните екранирани знаци:\n" " \\a системен звънец\n" " \\b триене назад\n" @@ -3227,14 +3072,18 @@ msgstr "" " \\v вертикална табулация\n" " \\\\ обратно наклонена черта\n" " \\0nnn\n" -" знакът с код в ASCII NNN (в осмична бройна система). NNN може да " -"се\n" -" състои от 1 до 3 осмични цифри.\n" +" знакът с код в ASCII NNN (в осмична бройна система).\n" +" NNN може да се състои от 1 до 3 осмични цифри.\n" " \\xHH\n" -" знакът с код в ASCII HH (в шестнайсетична бройна система). HH " -"може\n" -" да се състои от 1 до 2 шестнайсетични цифри.\n" -"\n" +" знакът с код в ASCII HH (в шестнайсетична бройна система).\n" +" HH може да се състои от 1 до 2 шестнайсетични цифри.\n" +" \\uHHHH\n" +" знакът с код в Unicode HHHH (в шестнайсетична бройна система).\n" +" HHHH може да се състои от 1 до 4 шестнайсетични цифри.\n" +" \\UHHHHHHHH\n" +" знакът с код в Unicode HHHHHHHH (в шестнайсетична бройна система).\n" +" HHHHHHHH може да се състои от 1 до 8 шестнайсетични цифри.\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Връща 0, освен ако не възникне грешка при извеждането." @@ -3252,8 +3101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Извеждане на аргументите на стандартния изход.\n" " \n" -" Извеждане на АРГументите на стандартния изход последвани от знак за нов " -"ред.\n" +" Извеждане на АРГументите на стандартния изход последвани от знак за нов ред.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" " -n без извеждане на знак за нов ред\n" @@ -3290,21 +3138,17 @@ msgstr "" "Включване и изключване на вградените в обвивката команди.\n" " \n" " Включване и изключване на командите вградени в обвивката. Изключването\n" -" позволява извикването на външна команда със същото име като вградена " -"без\n" +" позволява извикването на външна команда със същото име като вградена без\n" " използването на пълното име с пътя.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" " -a Извеждане на списъка с вградените команди заедно с това дали са\n" " включени или не\n" " -n Изключване на вградените команди с посочените ИМЕна. Ако не са\n" -" дадени ИМЕна, се извежда списъкът с изключените вътрешни " -"команди\n" -" -p Извеждане на списъка с вътрешни команди във формат, който може " -"да\n" +" дадени ИМЕна, се извежда списъкът с изключените вътрешни команди\n" +" -p Извеждане на списъка с вътрешни команди във формат, който може да\n" " се ползва като вход\n" -" -s Извеждане само на имената на специалните вградени команди " -"според\n" +" -s Извеждане само на имената на специалните вградени команди според\n" " POSIX\n" " \n" " Опции за динамичното зареждане:\n" @@ -3315,8 +3159,7 @@ msgstr "" " Ако не са зададени опции, всяка от вътрешните команди с такова ИМЕ бива\n" " включена.\n" " \n" -" За да ползвате командата „test“, която се намира в пътя за изпълнение " -"$PATH,\n" +" За да ползвате командата „test“, която се намира в пътя за изпълнение $PATH,\n" " вместо вградения в обвивката вариант изпълнете: „enable -n test“.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" @@ -3326,8 +3169,7 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Execute arguments as a shell command.\n" " \n" -" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the " -"shell,\n" +" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the shell,\n" " and execute the resulting commands.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" @@ -3382,58 +3224,40 @@ msgid "" " encountered or an error occurs." msgstr "" "Анализиране на опциите и аргументите.\n" -"\n" -" getopts се използва от процедурите на обвивката за анализа на " -"позиционните\n" +" \n" +" getopts се използва от процедурите на обвивката за анализа на позиционните\n" " аргументи и опции.\n" " \n" -" НИЗът_С_ОПЦИИ съдържа знаците, които трябва да се разпознават като " -"опции.\n" -" Ако буквата е следвана от двоеточие, очаква се опцията да получава " -"аргумент,\n" +" НИЗът_С_ОПЦИИ съдържа знаците, които трябва да се разпознават като опции.\n" +" Ако буквата е следвана от двоеточие, очаква се опцията да получава аргумент,\n" " който да е разделен от нея с интервал(и).\n" " \n" -" При всяко извикване „getopts“ поставя следващата опция в променливата " -"на\n" -" обвивката „name“, като я инициализира, ако тя не съществува, а индексът " -"на\n" -" следващия аргумент, който трябва да се обработи, в променливата на " -"обвивката\n" -" „OPTIND“. „OPTIND“ се инициализира да е 1 при всяко извикване на " -"обвивка\n" +" При всяко извикване „getopts“ поставя следващата опция в променливата на\n" +" обвивката „name“, като я инициализира, ако тя не съществува, а индексът на\n" +" следващия аргумент, който трябва да се обработи, в променливата на обвивката\n" +" „OPTIND“. „OPTIND“ се инициализира да е 1 при всяко извикване на обвивка\n" " или скрипт. Когато опцията се нуждае от аргумент, той се поставя в\n" " променливата на обвивката „OPTARG“.\n" " \n" " „getopts“ докладва грешки по един от два начина. Ако първият знак на\n" -" „OPTSTRING“ е двоеточие, „getopts“ използва тихо докладване. В този " -"режим\n" -" не се извеждат никакви съобщения за грешка. Ако се срещне неправилна " -"опция,\n" -" „getopts“ слага срещнатия знак за опция в „OPTARG“. Ако липсва " -"задължителен\n" -" аргумент, „getopts“ слага „:“ в променливата „ИМЕ“, а в „OPTARG“ — " -"срещнатия\n" -" знак за опция. Когато „getopts“ не е в режим на тихо докладване и се " -"срещне\n" -" неправилна опция, в променливата „ИМЕ“ се слага „?“, а „OPTARG“ се " -"премахва,\n" -" а ако липсва задължителен аргумент, допълнително се изписва " -"диагностично\n" +" „OPTSTRING“ е двоеточие, „getopts“ използва тихо докладване. В този режим\n" +" не се извеждат никакви съобщения за грешка. Ако се срещне неправилна опция,\n" +" „getopts“ слага срещнатия знак за опция в „OPTARG“. Ако липсва задължителен\n" +" аргумент, „getopts“ слага „:“ в променливата „ИМЕ“, а в „OPTARG“ — срещнатия\n" +" знак за опция. Когато „getopts“ не е в режим на тихо докладване и се срещне\n" +" неправилна опция, в променливата „ИМЕ“ се слага „?“, а „OPTARG“ се премахва,\n" +" а ако липсва задължителен аргумент, допълнително се изписва диагностично\n" " съобщение.\n" " \n" -" Ако променливата на обвивката „OPTERR“ е със стойност 0, „getopts“ " -"изключва\n" -" извеждането на диагностични съобщения, дори първият знак в „OPTSTRING“ " -"да не\n" +" Ако променливата на обвивката „OPTERR“ е със стойност 0, „getopts“ изключва\n" +" извеждането на диагностични съобщения, дори първият знак в „OPTSTRING“ да не\n" " е двоеточие. По подразбиране „OPTERR“ е със стойност 1.\n" " \n" -" „getopts“ по принцип анализира позиционните аргументи ($0 — $9), но ако " -"са\n" +" „getopts“ по принцип анализира позиционните аргументи ($0 — $9), но ако са\n" " дадени повече аргументи, те биват анализирани вместо това.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" Връща 0 при откриването на опция. Връща друга стойност при стигането " -"на\n" +" Връща 0 при откриването на опция. Връща друга стойност при стигането на\n" " последната опция или при възникването на грешка." #: builtins.c:692 @@ -3441,8 +3265,7 @@ msgid "" "Replace the shell with the given command.\n" " \n" " Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.\n" -" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not " -"specified,\n" +" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified,\n" " any redirections take effect in the current shell.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" @@ -3450,30 +3273,26 @@ msgid "" " -c\texecute COMMAND with an empty environment\n" " -l\tplace a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n" " \n" -" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, " -"unless\n" +" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, unless\n" " the shell option `execfail' is set.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error " -"occurs." +" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error occurs." msgstr "" "Заместване на обвивката с дадената команда.\n" -"\n" -" Изпълняване на КОМАНДАта, като тя замества текущата обвивка. " -"АРГУМЕНТите\n" +" \n" +" Изпълняване на КОМАНДАта, като тя замества текущата обвивка. АРГУМЕНТите\n" " се подават на КОМАНДАта. Ако не е дадена КОМАНДА, пренасочванията се\n" " извършват в текущата обвивка.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -a ИМЕ ИМЕ-то се подава като нулевия аргумент на КОМАНДАта\n" " -c изпълняване на КОМАНДАта в празна среда\n" " -l поставяне на тире в нулевия аргумент на КОМАНДАта\n" -"\n" -" Ако КОМАНДАта не може да бъде изпълнена, трябва да съществува " -"неинтерактивна\n" +" \n" +" Ако КОМАНДАта не може да бъде изпълнена, трябва да съществува неинтерактивна\n" " обвивка, освен ако не е зададена опцията на обвивката „execfail“.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен когато КОМАНДАта не е открита или възникне грешка при\n" " пренасочването." @@ -3487,37 +3306,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Изход от обвивката.\n" " \n" -" Изход от обвивката с този ЦИФРОВ_КОД. Ако той е изпуснат, то изходният " -"код\n" +" Изход от обвивката с този ЦИФРОВ_КОД. Ако той е изпуснат, то изходният код\n" " е този на последната изпълнена команда." #: builtins.c:722 msgid "" "Exit a login shell.\n" " \n" -" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not " -"executed\n" +" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not executed\n" " in a login shell." msgstr "" "Изход от входната обвивка.\n" " \n" -" Изход от входната обвивка с този ЦИФРОВ_КОД. Връща грешка, ако е " -"изпълнена\n" +" Изход от входната обвивка с този ЦИФРОВ_КОД. Връща грешка, ако е изпълнена\n" " в обвивка, която не е входна." #: builtins.c:732 msgid "" "Display or execute commands from the history list.\n" " \n" -" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history " -"list.\n" +" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list.\n" " FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a\n" " string, which means the most recent command beginning with that\n" " string.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" -" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then " -"EDITOR,\n" +" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,\n" " \t\tthen vi\n" " -l \tlist lines instead of editing\n" " -n\tomit line numbers when listing\n" @@ -3531,42 +3345,34 @@ msgid "" " the last command.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error " -"occurs." +" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs." msgstr "" "Извеждане и/или изпълнение на команди от историята.\n" -"\n" -" fc се използва за изброяването или редактирането и повторното изпълнение " -"на\n" +" \n" +" fc се използва за изброяването или редактирането и повторното изпълнение на\n" " команди от списъка на историята.\n" -" ПЪРВИ и ПОСЛЕДЕН са номера, които могат да указват допустимия диапазон. " -"Ако\n" +" ПЪРВИ и ПОСЛЕДЕН са номера, които могат да указват допустимия диапазон. Ако\n" " е зададен само ПЪРВИят аргумент, той задава низ, който е началото на\n" " команда.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" " -e РЕДАКТОР\n" " избор на текстов редактор, който да се използва. Стандартно е\n" -" указаният в променливата „FCEDIT“, след това се проверява „EDITOR“ " -"и\n" +" указаният в променливата „FCEDIT“, след това се проверява „EDITOR“ и\n" " в краен случай е „vi“.\n" " -l редовете да се покажат вместо редактират.\n" " -n номерата на редовете да не се отпечатват.\n" " -r обратна подредба (отпред да е най-новият ред).\n" " \n" -" При варианта „fc -s [ШАБЛОН=ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛ…] [КОМАНДА]“ командата се " -"изпълнява, като\n" +" При варианта „fc -s [ШАБЛОН=ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛ…] [КОМАНДА]“ командата се изпълнява, като\n" " всяка поява на ШАБЛона се заменя със ЗАМЕСТителя.\n" " \n" -" Удобен за използване синоним е „r='fc -s'“. По такъв начин, ако " -"напишете\n" -" „r cc“, ще се изпълни последната команда, която започва с „cc“, а " -"когато\n" +" Удобен за използване синоним е „r='fc -s'“. По такъв начин, ако напишете\n" +" „r cc“, ще се изпълни последната команда, която започва с „cc“, а когато\n" " се въведе само „r“, ще се изпълни последната команда.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" Връща 0 или изхода от последната команда, който не е 0 в случай на " -"грешка." +" Връща 0 или изхода от последната команда, който не е 0 в случай на грешка." #: builtins.c:762 msgid "" @@ -3580,10 +3386,10 @@ msgid "" " Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs." msgstr "" "Задаване на задача да е текуща.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изважда ЗАДАЧА от фонов режим и я прави текуща задача. Ако липсва\n" " аргумент ЗАДАЧА, се използва текущата задача според обвивката.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Изходът от командата, която е зададена да е текуща или грешка, ако при\n" " поставянето на задачата от фонов към текущ режим възникне такава." @@ -3592,21 +3398,18 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Move jobs to the background.\n" " \n" -" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if " -"they\n" -" had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's " -"notion\n" +" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they\n" +" had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion\n" " of the current job is used.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" " Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs." msgstr "" "Поставяне на задачи във фонов режим.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Поставя всяка ЗАДАЧА във фонов режим, все едно е била стартирана с „&“.\n" -" Ако липсва аргумент ЗАДАЧА, се използва текущата задача според " -"обвивката.\n" -"\n" +" Ако липсва аргумент ЗАДАЧА, се използва текущата задача според обвивката.\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако управлението на задачи е изключено или възникне грешка." @@ -3615,8 +3418,7 @@ msgid "" "Remember or display program locations.\n" " \n" " Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If\n" -" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is " -"displayed.\n" +" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" " -d\tforget the remembered location of each NAME\n" @@ -3634,11 +3436,10 @@ msgid "" " Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given." msgstr "" "Запомняне или извеждане на местоположенията на програми.\n" -"\n" -" Определяне и запомняне на пълното име с пътя на всяко ИМЕ. Ако не са " -"дадени\n" +" \n" +" Определяне и запомняне на пълното име с пътя на всяко ИМЕ. Ако не са дадени\n" " аргументи, се извежда информация за всички запомнени команди.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -d Забравяне на запомненото местоположение на всички ИМЕна\n" " -l Извеждане във формат за преизползване като вход\n" @@ -3646,19 +3447,16 @@ msgstr "" " Използване на посочения ПЪТ като пълен път за ИМЕто\n" " -r Забравяне на всички запомнени местоположения\n" " -t Извеждане на запомнените местоположения на всички ИМЕна. Ако е\n" -" посочено повече от едно ИМЕ, всяко местоположение се предшества " -"от\n" +" посочено повече от едно ИМЕ, всяко местоположение се предшества от\n" " ИМЕто\n" " Аргументи:\n" -" ИМЕ Всяко име се търси в пътя за изпълнение „PATH“ и при намирането " -"му\n" +" ИМЕ Всяко име се търси в пътя за изпълнение „PATH“ и при намирането му\n" " се добавя в списъка със запомнени команди.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако ИМЕто не бъде открито или е дадена неправилна опция." #: builtins.c:816 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Display information about builtin commands.\n" " \n" @@ -3676,34 +3474,28 @@ msgid "" " PATTERN\tPattern specifying a help topic\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is " -"given." +" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given." msgstr "" "Извеждане на информация за вградените команди.\n" " \n" -" Извежда кратка информация за вградените команди. Ако е указан ШАБЛОН, " -"се\n" -" извежда информация за напасващите команди. В противен случай се " -"изважда\n" +" Извежда кратка информация за вградените команди. Ако е указан ШАБЛОН, се\n" +" извежда информация за напасващите команди. В противен случай се изважда\n" " информация за всички команди.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" " -d Извеждане на кратко описание на всяка тема\n" " -m Извеждане във формат наподобяващ страница от ръководствата\n" -" -s Извеждане само на кратко обобщение за използването на всяка " -"команда,\n" +" -s Извеждане само на кратко обобщение за използването на всяка команда,\n" " съвпадаща с ШАБЛОНа\n" " \n" " Аргументи:\n" -" ШАБЛОН Шаблон за имената на командите, за които да се изведе " -"информация\n" +" ШАБЛОН Шаблон за имената на командите, за които да се изведе информация\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако никоя вградена команда не съвпада с шаблона или е дадена\n" " неправилна опция." #: builtins.c:840 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Display or manipulate the history list.\n" " \n" @@ -3731,48 +3523,40 @@ msgid "" " \n" " If the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used\n" " as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated\n" -" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed " -"otherwise.\n" +" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed otherwise.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" " Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs." msgstr "" "Извеждане и управление на списъка на историята.\n" -"\n" -" Отпечатване на списъка на историята с номера на ред. Редовете, които " -"са\n" +" \n" +" Отпечатване на списъка на историята с номера на ред. Редовете, които са\n" " отбелязани със знака „*“, са били променени. Аргументът N указва да се\n" " извеждат само N на брой реда.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -c изчистване на списъка, като се изтриват всички елементи от него.\n" " -d ПОЗИЦИЯ\n" " изтрива елемента в историята намиращ се посочената ПОЗИЦИЯ.\n" +" Отрицателните позиции се броят от края на историята\n" " -a добавя историята от текущата сесия към файла с историята.\n" -" -n прочитане на непрочетените редове от файла с историята и добавяне " -"към\n" +" -n прочитане на непрочетените редове от файла с историята и добавяне към\n" " текущата история.\n" -" -r прочитане на файла с историята и добавяне на съдържанието към " -"текущата\n" +" -r прочитане на файла с историята и добавяне на съдържанието към текущата\n" " история.\n" " -w записване на текущата история във файла за историята.\n" -" -p извършване на историческо заместване за всеки АРГУМЕНТ, а резултатът " -"да\n" +" -p извършване на историческо заместване за всеки АРГУМЕНТ, а резултатът да\n" " се изведе, без нищо да се записва в историята на командите.\n" -" -s аргументите, които не са опции, се добавят като един елемент към " -"файла с\n" +" -s аргументите, които не са опции, се добавят като един елемент към файла с\n" " историята.\n" " \n" " Ако аргументът ИМЕ_НА_ФАЙЛ е зададен, той се използва като файл за\n" " историята. Ако той липсва, се използва файлът сочен в променливата на\n" " средата „HISTFILE“. В противен случай се ползва „~/.bash_history“.\n" " \n" -" Ако променливата „HISTTIMEFORMAT“ е зададена и не е „null“, стойността ѝ " -"се\n" -" използва като форматиращия низ за функцията „strftime“, за да се " -"отбелязва\n" -" времето свързано с всеки елемент от историята. В противен случай " -"времето не\n" +" Ако променливата „HISTTIMEFORMAT“ е зададена и не е „null“, стойността ѝ се\n" +" използва като форматиращия низ за функцията „strftime“, за да се отбелязва\n" +" времето свързано с всеки елемент от историята. В противен случай времето не\n" " се записва.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" @@ -3802,10 +3586,10 @@ msgid "" " If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND." msgstr "" "Извежда състоянието на задачите.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Извежда списък с активните задачи. ЗАДАЧАта ограничава информацията до\n" " себе си. Без опции се отпечатва състоянието на всички активни задачи.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -l включва и идентификатора на процесите заедно със стандартната\n" " информация.\n" @@ -3814,16 +3598,14 @@ msgstr "" " -p извежда само идентификаторите на процесите.\n" " -r ограничаване на изхода само до изпълняваните задачи.\n" " -s ограничаване на изхода само до спрените задачи.\n" -"\n" -" Ако е зададена опцията „-x“, КОМАНДАта се изпълнява, след като всички\n" -" ЗАДАЧи, които се появяват като АРГУМЕНТи, се заменят с идентификатора " -"на\n" -" водача на групата процеси.\n" -"\n" -" Изходен код:\n" -" 0, освен ако не е дадена неправилна опция или възникни грешка. Ако " -"се\n" -" ползва „-x“, връща изходното състояние на КОМАНДАта." +" \n" +" Ако е зададена опцията „-x“, КОМАНДАта се изпълнява, след като всички\n" +" ЗАДАЧи, които се появяват като АРГУМЕНТи, се заменят с идентификатора на\n" +" водача на групата процеси.\n" +" \n" +" Изходен код:\n" +" 0, освен ако не е дадена неправилна опция или възникни грешка. Ако се\n" +" ползва „-x“, връща изходното състояние на КОМАНДАта." #: builtins.c:904 msgid "" @@ -3843,8 +3625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Премахване на ЗАДАЧи от текущата обвивка.\n" " \n" -" Премахва всеки аргумент-задача от таблицата на активните задачи. Ако " -"ЗАДАЧА\n" +" Премахва всеки аргумент-задача от таблицата на активните задачи. Ако ЗАДАЧА\n" " не е указана, се използва тази, която обвивката счита за текуща.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" @@ -3879,30 +3660,26 @@ msgid "" " Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs." msgstr "" "Изпращане на сигнал към задача.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изпращане на СИГНАЛа на процеса с такъв ИДЕНТИФИКАТОР_НА_ПРОЦЕС (или\n" " задачата с такъв ИДЕНТИФИКАТОР_НА_ЗАДАЧА). Ако сигнал с такова име или\n" " номер не съществува, се използва SIGTERM.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -s СИГНАЛ\n" " СИГНАЛ се интерпретира като име на сигнал\n" " -n СИГНАЛ\n" " СИГНАЛ се интерпретира като номер на сигнал\n" " -l изброява имената на сигналите. Ако към командата са добавени\n" -" аргументи, те се интерпретират като номера на сигналите чиито " -"имена\n" +" аргументи, те се интерпретират като номера на сигналите чиито имена\n" " да се изброят.\n" " -L синоним на „-l“\n" -"\n" -" „kill“ е команда вградена в обвивката поради две причини: позволява да " -"се\n" -" използват и идентификатори на задачи освен идентификатори на процеси, а " -"и\n" -" ако сте пуснали максимално разрешения за вас брой процеси, няма да ви " -"се\n" +" \n" +" „kill“ е команда вградена в обвивката поради две причини: позволява да се\n" +" използват и идентификатори на задачи освен идентификатори на процеси, а и\n" +" ако сте пуснали максимално разрешения за вас брой процеси, няма да ви се\n" " налага да пуснете още един процес, за да убиете друг.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0. Ако възникне грешка или е подадена неправилна опция, връща грешка." @@ -3913,8 +3690,7 @@ msgid "" " Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in\n" " fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0\n" " is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is\n" -" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are " -"listed\n" +" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed\n" " in order of decreasing precedence.\n" " \n" " \tid++, id--\tvariable post-increment, post-decrement\n" @@ -3951,9 +3727,8 @@ msgid "" " If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise." msgstr "" "Изчисляване на аритметичен израз.\n" -"\n" -" Всеки АРГУМЕНТ е аритметичен израз, който се бъде изчислен. " -"Изчисленията\n" +" \n" +" Всеки АРГУМЕНТ е аритметичен израз, който се бъде изчислен. Изчисленията\n" " се извършват в аритметика с целочислени стойности с постоянна широчина\n" " без проверка за препълване. Делението на 0 се прихваща и се отбелязва\n" " грешка. Следващият списък с оператори е разделен на групи според\n" @@ -3979,15 +3754,12 @@ msgstr "" " =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |=\n" " присвояване\n" " \n" -" Разрешено е ползването на променливи на обвивката като операнди. Името " -"на\n" +" Разрешено е ползването на променливи на обвивката като операнди. Името на\n" " променлива се замества с нейната стойност (която се преобразува до цяло\n" -" число с постоянна широчина) в израза. Не е необходимо променливата да е " -"с\n" +" число с постоянна широчина) в израза. Не е необходимо променливата да е с\n" " атрибут за целочисленост, за да се използва в израз.\n" " \n" -" Операторите се изчисляват по приоритет. Подизразите в скоби се " -"изчисляват\n" +" Операторите се изчисляват по приоритет. Подизразите в скоби се изчисляват\n" " първи и могат да променят приоритета.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" @@ -3995,21 +3767,17 @@ msgstr "" " случай — връща 0." #: builtins.c:992 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n" " \n" " Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD\n" -" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with " -"word\n" +" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with word\n" " splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second\n" " word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to\n" -" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as " -"word\n" +" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word\n" " delimiters.\n" " \n" -" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY " -"variable.\n" +" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY variable.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" " -a array\tassign the words read to sequential indices of the array\n" @@ -4021,8 +3789,7 @@ msgid "" " -n nchars\treturn after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting\n" " \t\tfor a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than\n" " \t\tNCHARS characters are read before the delimiter\n" -" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, " -"unless\n" +" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless\n" " \t\tEOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any\n" " \t\tdelimiter\n" " -p prompt\toutput the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before\n" @@ -4040,45 +3807,34 @@ msgid "" " -u fd\tread from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" -" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times " -"out\n" -" (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error " -"occurs,\n" +" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out\n" +" (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error occurs,\n" " or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u." msgstr "" "Изчитане на ред от стандартния вход и разделянето му по полета.\n" -"\n" -" От стандартния вход или от файловия дескриптор ФД, ако е използвана " -"опцията\n" -" „-u“, се прочита един ред. Редът се разделя на полета — думи. Първата " -"дума\n" +" \n" +" От стандартния вход или от файловия дескриптор ФД, ако е използвана опцията\n" +" „-u“, се прочита един ред. Редът се разделя на полета — думи. Първата дума\n" " се присвоява на първото ИМЕ, втората дума на второто ИМЕ и т.н., а на\n" -" последното ИМЕ се присвояват оставащите думи. Като разделители на думи " -"се\n" +" последното ИМЕ се присвояват оставащите думи. Като разделители на думи се\n" " използват само знаците указани в променливата „IFS“.\n" -"\n" -" Ако не са дадени ИМЕна, прочетеният ред се запазва в променливата " -"„REPLY“.\n" -"\n" +" \n" +" Ако не са дадени ИМЕна, прочетеният ред се запазва в променливата „REPLY“.\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" -" -a прочетените думи се присвояват последователно на елементите на " -"МАСИВа,\n" +" -a прочетените думи се присвояват последователно на елементите на МАСИВа,\n" " като индексът му започва от 0.\n" " -d РАЗДЕЛИТЕЛ\n" -" четенето продължава до прочитането на първия знак, който присъства " -"в\n" +" четенето продължава до прочитането на първия знак, който присъства в\n" " променливата „DELIM“, а не до минаването на нов ред.\n" -" -e за четене на реда се използва readline, когато обвивката е\n" -" интерактивна.\n" +" -e за четене на реда се използва readline\n" " -i ТЕКСТ\n" " за първоначален текст в readline се ползва ТЕКСТ\n" " -n БРОЙ_ЗНАЦИ\n" -" четенето завършва след прочитането на този БРОЙ_ЗНАЦИ, не се чака " -"за\n" +" четенето завършва след прочитането на този БРОЙ_ЗНАЦИ, не се чака за\n" " нов ред. Разделител в рамките на този БРОЙ_ЗНАЦИ се зачита.\n" " -N БРОЙ_ЗНАЦИ\n" -" четенето завършва с прочитането на точно този БРОЙ_ЗНАЦИ, освен " -"ако\n" +" четенето завършва с прочитането на точно този БРОЙ_ЗНАЦИ, освен ако\n" " не се появи EOF или времето за изчакване на въвеждане не изтече.\n" " Всички разделители се пренебрегват.\n" " -p ПОДСКАЗКА\n" @@ -4087,22 +3843,16 @@ msgstr "" " -r заместването на екранираните с „\\“ знаци се изключва.\n" " -s входът от терминал не се отпечатва на екрана.\n" " -t БРОЙ_СЕКУНДИ\n" -" задава интервал от този БРОЙ_СЕКУНДИ, в който трябва да се въведе " -"цял\n" +" задава интервал от този БРОЙ_СЕКУНДИ, в който трябва да се въведе цял\n" " ред. В противен случай read завършва с грешка. Ако е зададена,\n" -" стойността на променливата „TMOUT“ обозначава времето, за което " -"трябва\n" -" да се въведе редът. За БРОЙ_СЕКУНДИ може да се ползва и нецяло " -"число.\n" -" Ако БРОЙ_СЕКУНДИ e 0, read незабавно завършва работа, без да се " -"опитва\n" -" да чете данни и връща код 0, само ако от указания файлов " -"дескриптор\n" +" стойността на променливата „TMOUT“ обозначава времето, за което трябва\n" +" да се въведе редът. За БРОЙ_СЕКУНДИ може да се ползва и нецяло число.\n" +" Ако БРОЙ_СЕКУНДИ e 0, read незабавно завършва работа, без да се опитва\n" +" да чете данни и връща код 0, само ако от указания файлов дескриптор\n" " могат да се прочетат данни.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" 0, освен ако не се срещне знак за край на файл EOF, изтече време повече " -"от\n" +" 0, освен ако не се срещне знак за край на файл EOF, изтече време повече от\n" " указаното в БРОЙ_СЕКУНДИ, при което кодът за изход е над 128, възникне\n" " грешка при задаване на стойност на променлива или е зададен неправилен\n" " файлов дескриптор като аргумент на -u." @@ -4119,16 +3869,14 @@ msgid "" " Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script." msgstr "" "Връщане от функция на обвивката.\n" -"\n" -" Кара изпълняваната функция или скрипт да завършат работа със зададения\n" -" изходен ЦИФРОВ_КОД. Ако не е зададен ЦИФРОВ_КОД се използва изходния код " -"на\n" -" последно изпълнената команда във функцията или скрипта.\n" -"\n" -" Изходен код:\n" -" Връща ЦИФРОВия_КОД или грешка, ако обвивката в момента не изпълнява " -"функция\n" -" или скрипт." +" \n" +" Кара изпълняваната функция или скрипт да завършат работа със зададения\n" +" изходен ЦИФРОВ_КОД. Ако не е зададен ЦИФРОВ_КОД се използва изходния код на\n" +" последно изпълнената команда във функцията или скрипта.\n" +" \n" +" Изходен код:\n" +" Връща ЦИФРОВия_КОД или грешка, ако обвивката в момента не изпълнява функция\n" +" или скрипт." #: builtins.c:1052 msgid "" @@ -4173,8 +3921,7 @@ msgid "" " physical same as -P\n" " pipefail the return value of a pipeline is the status of\n" " the last command to exit with a non-zero status,\n" -" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero " -"status\n" +" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero status\n" " posix change the behavior of bash where the default\n" " operation differs from the Posix standard to\n" " match the standard\n" @@ -4198,8 +3945,7 @@ msgid "" " by default when the shell is interactive.\n" " -P If set, do not resolve symbolic links when executing commands\n" " such as cd which change the current directory.\n" -" -T If set, the DEBUG and RETURN traps are inherited by shell " -"functions.\n" +" -T If set, the DEBUG and RETURN traps are inherited by shell functions.\n" " -- Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n" " If there are no remaining arguments, the positional parameters\n" " are unset.\n" @@ -4216,21 +3962,18 @@ msgid "" " Returns success unless an invalid option is given." msgstr "" "Задаване или изтриване на позиционни параметри и опции на обвивката.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Промяна на стойностите на позиционните параметри и опции на обвивката,\n" " Извеждане на имената и стойностите на променливите на обвивката.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -a Отбелязване на променливите, които са създадени или променени, да\n" " бъдат изнесени.\n" " -b Незабавно известяване на спиране на задача.\n" -" -e Незабавен изход, ако команда приключи команда с код, който не е " -"0.\n" -" -f Изключване на генерирането на имена на файлове (чрез „*“, „?“ и т." -"н.).\n" +" -e Незабавен изход, ако команда приключи команда с код, който не е 0.\n" +" -f Изключване на генерирането на имена на файлове (чрез „*“, „?“ и т.н.).\n" " -h Запомняне на местоположението на команди при търсенето им.\n" -" -k Всички аргументи за присвояване се поместват в средата на команда, " -"не\n" +" -k Всички аргументи за присвояване се поместват в средата на команда, не\n" " само тези, които предхождат името на команда.\n" " -m Включване на управлението на задачи.\n" " -n Прочитане на команди, без да се изпълняват.\n" @@ -4245,8 +3988,7 @@ msgstr "" " hashall същото като „-h“\n" " histexpand същото като „-H“\n" " history включване на историята на командите\n" -" ignoreeof обвивката няма да излезе при откриване на знак за " -"край\n" +" ignoreeof обвивката няма да излезе при откриване на знак за край\n" " на файл „EOF“.\n" " interactive-comments\n" " позволяване на коментари в интерактивните команди\n" @@ -4260,62 +4002,45 @@ msgstr "" " nounset същото като „-u“\n" " onecmd същото като „-t“\n" " physical същото като „-P“\n" -" pipefail изходният код на програмния канал е този на " -"последната\n" +" pipefail изходният код на програмния канал е този на последната\n" " команда, която завършва с код различен от 0\n" -" posix промяна на поведението на „bash“ да отговаря по-" -"добре\n" +" posix промяна на поведението на „bash“ да отговаря по-добре\n" " на стандарта POSIX\n" " privileged същото като „-p“\n" " verbose същото като „-v“\n" -" vi използване на интерфейс за редактиране подобен на " -"„vi“\n" +" vi използване на интерфейс за редактиране подобен на „vi“\n" " xtrace същото като „-x“\n" -" -p Опцията e включена, когато реалният и ефективният идентификатори " -"на\n" +" -p Опцията e включена, когато реалният и ефективният идентификатори на\n" " процеси не съвпадат. Изключва обработката на файла посочен в\n" -" променливата „ENV“ и внасянето на функции на обвивката. " -"Изключването\n" -" на тази опция води до това ефективните идентификатори за " -"потребител и\n" +" променливата „ENV“ и внасянето на функции на обвивката. Изключването\n" +" на тази опция води до това ефективните идентификатори за потребител и\n" " група да станат равни на реалните.\n" " -t Изход след прочитането и изпълнението на една команда.\n" -" -u Незададените променливи да се третират като грешки при " -"заместването.\n" +" -u Незададените променливи да се третират като грешки при заместването.\n" " -v Отпечатване на входните редове към обвивката при прочитането им.\n" " -x Отпечатване на командите и аргументите им при изпълнението им.\n" " -B Обвивката ще извършва заместване на изразите с фигурни скоби.\n" -" -C Предотвратяване на презаписването на съществуващите обикновени " -"файлове\n" +" -C Предотвратяване на презаписването на съществуващите обикновени файлове\n" " чрез пренасочване на изхода.\n" " -E Прихващането за „ERR“ да се наследява от функциите на обвивката.\n" -" -H Включване на заместването чрез историята с „!“. Стандартно тази " -"опция\n" +" -H Включване на заместването чрез историята с „!“. Стандартно тази опция\n" " е налична само за интерактивните обвивки.\n" -" -P Да не се следват символните връзки при изпълнението на команди " -"като\n" +" -P Да не се следват символните връзки при изпълнението на команди като\n" " „cd“, които променят текущата директория.\n" -" -T Прихващането за „DEBUG“ и „RETURN“ да се наследява от функциите " -"на\n" +" -T Прихващането за „DEBUG“ и „RETURN“ да се наследява от функциите на\n" " обвивката.\n" -" -- Оставащите аргументи да се тълкуват като позиционни. Ако няма " -"повече\n" +" -- Оставащите аргументи да се тълкуват като позиционни. Ако няма повече\n" " аргументи, се изтриват съответните позиционни.\n" -" - Оставащите аргументи да се тълкуват като позиционни. Опциите „-x“ " -"и\n" +" - Оставащите аргументи да се тълкуват като позиционни. Опциите „-x“ и\n" " „-v“ са изключени.\n" " \n" -" Използването на „+“ вместо „-“ изключва опциите. Тези опции могат да " -"се\n" -" използват и при стартирането на обвивката. Текущото им състояние се " -"намира\n" -" в променливата „-“ (получава се с „$-“). Останалите АРГументи са " -"позиционни\n" -" и се присвояват съответно на променливите с имена „1“, „2“,… " -"„n“ (получават\n" +" Използването на „+“ вместо „-“ изключва опциите. Тези опции могат да се\n" +" използват и при стартирането на обвивката. Текущото им състояние се намира\n" +" в променливата „-“ (получава се с „$-“). Останалите АРГументи са позиционни\n" +" и се присвояват съответно на променливите с имена „1“, „2“,… „n“ (получават\n" " се с „$1“, „$2“,… „${n}“). Ако не са зададени АРГументи, се извеждат\n" " всички променливи на средата.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако не е зададена неправилна опция." @@ -4331,8 +4056,7 @@ msgid "" " -n\ttreat each NAME as a name reference and unset the variable itself\n" " \t\trather than the variable it references\n" " \n" -" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that " -"fails,\n" +" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails,\n" " tries to unset a function.\n" " \n" " Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'.\n" @@ -4340,8 +4064,7 @@ msgid "" " Exit Status:\n" " Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only." msgstr "" -"Изтриване на стойностите и атрибутите на променливите и функциите на " -"обвивката.\n" +"Изтриване на стойностите и атрибутите на променливите и функциите на обвивката.\n" " \n" " За всяко ИМЕ изтрива съответната променлива или функция.\n" " \n" @@ -4366,8 +4089,7 @@ msgid "" "Set export attribute for shell variables.\n" " \n" " Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently\n" -" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before " -"exporting.\n" +" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" " -f\trefer to shell functions\n" @@ -4382,8 +4104,7 @@ msgstr "" "Задаване на атрибута за изнасяне на променливите на обвивката.\n" " \n" " Обозначава всяко едно от ИМЕната за изнасяне в средата на изпълнение на\n" -" последващо изпълнените команди. Ако е дадена СТОЙНОСТ, тя се присвоява " -"на\n" +" последващо изпълнените команди. Ако е дадена СТОЙНОСТ, тя се присвоява на\n" " ИМЕто преди изнасянето.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" @@ -4395,8 +4116,7 @@ msgstr "" " Аргументът „--“ прекъсва по нататъшната обработка на опции.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" 0, освен ако е зададена неправилна опция или някое от ИМЕната е " -"неправилно." +" 0, освен ако е зададена неправилна опция или някое от ИМЕната е неправилно." #: builtins.c:1178 msgid "" @@ -4420,25 +4140,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Задаване на променливи на обвивката като непроменливи константи.\n" " \n" -" Отбелязване на всяко от ИМЕната само за четене. Тяхната стойност не " -"може да\n" -" бъде променяна чрез последващо присвояване. Ако е дадена СТОЙНОСТ, тя " -"се\n" +" Отбелязване на всяко от ИМЕната само за четене. Тяхната стойност не може да\n" +" бъде променяна чрез последващо присвояване. Ако е дадена СТОЙНОСТ, тя се\n" " задава на името преди задаването му като константно.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" " -a ИМЕната са на променливи-масиви\n" " -A ИМЕната са на променливи-асоциативни масиви\n" " -f ИМЕната са на функции на обвивката\n" -" -p Извеждане на имената на всички константни променливи или " -"функции, в\n" +" -p Извеждане на имената на всички константни променливи или функции, в\n" " зависимост дали е зададена опцията „-f“\n" " \n" " Аргументът „--“ прекъсва по нататъшната обработка на опции.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" 0, освен ако е зададена неправилна опция или някое от ИМЕната е " -"неправилно." +" 0, освен ако е зададена неправилна опция или някое от ИМЕната е неправилно." #: builtins.c:1200 msgid "" @@ -4451,12 +4167,11 @@ msgid "" " Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#." msgstr "" "Изместване на позиционните параметри.\n" -"\n" -" Преименуване на позиционните параметри „БРОЙ+1“, „БРОЙ+2“… на 1, 2…. " -"Така\n" +" \n" +" Преименуване на позиционните параметри „БРОЙ+1“, „БРОЙ+2“… на 1, 2…. Така\n" " те стават достъпни не като ${БРОЙ+1}…, като „$1“…. Ако не е зададена\n" " стойност БРОЙ, се използва 1.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако БРОят е отрицателно или по-голямо от стойността „$#“." @@ -4474,17 +4189,14 @@ msgid "" " FILENAME cannot be read." msgstr "" "Изпълняване на команди от файл в текущата обвивка\n" -"\n" -" Изчитане и изпълнение на командите от ФАЙЛа и изход. Директориите " -"описани в\n" -" променливата „PATH“ се използват за изпълнението на командите от ФАЙЛа. " -"Ако\n" +" \n" +" Изчитане и изпълнение на командите от ФАЙЛа и изход. Директориите описани в\n" +" променливата „PATH“ се използват за изпълнението на командите от ФАЙЛа. Ако\n" " са зададени АРГУМЕНТИ, те се превръщат в позиционни аргументи при\n" " изпълнението на ФАЙЛа.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" Връща състоянието на последно изпълнената команда във ФАЙЛа. Ако той " -"не\n" +" Връща състоянието на последно изпълнената команда във ФАЙЛа. Ако той не\n" " може да бъде открит, изходът е грешка." #: builtins.c:1243 @@ -4503,8 +4215,7 @@ msgstr "" "Временно спиране на изпълнението на обвивката.\n" " \n" " Спиране на работата на тази обвивка докато обвивката не получи сигнал\n" -" SIGCONT. Освен ако изрично не се зададе опция, входните обвивки не " -"могат да\n" +" SIGCONT. Освен ако изрично не се зададе опция, входните обвивки не могат да\n" " бъдат спрени по този начин.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" @@ -4547,8 +4258,7 @@ msgid "" " -x FILE True if the file is executable by you.\n" " -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you.\n" " -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group.\n" -" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last " -"read.\n" +" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last read.\n" " \n" " FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to\n" " modification date).\n" @@ -4569,8 +4279,7 @@ msgid "" " STRING1 != STRING2\n" " True if the strings are not equal.\n" " STRING1 < STRING2\n" -" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 " -"lexicographically.\n" +" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically.\n" " STRING1 > STRING2\n" " True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically.\n" " \n" @@ -4596,18 +4305,15 @@ msgid "" " false or an invalid argument is given." msgstr "" "Изчисляване на условен израз.\n" -"\n" -" Изход с код 0 (истина) или 1 (лъжа) в зависимост от стойността на " -"ИЗРАЗа.\n" -" Изразите могат да бъдат унарни или бинарни. Унарните най-често се " -"използват\n" -" за проверка на състоянието на файл. Освен тях има и оператори за " -"числови\n" +" \n" +" Изход с код 0 (истина) или 1 (лъжа) в зависимост от стойността на ИЗРАЗа.\n" +" Изразите могат да бъдат унарни или бинарни. Унарните най-често се използват\n" +" за проверка на състоянието на файл. Освен тях има и оператори за числови\n" " сравнения и низови оператори.\n" " \n" " Поведението на тестовете зависи от броя на аргументите. За цялостно\n" " описание прочетете страниците от ръководството на bash.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Файлови оператори:\n" " \n" " -a ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът съществува.\n" @@ -4626,18 +4332,14 @@ msgstr "" " -s ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът може да бъде записван от вас.\n" " -S ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът е програмно гнездо.\n" " -t ФДСК Истина, ако Файловият_ДеСКриптор е отворен на терминал.\n" -" -u ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът е със зададен бит за смяна на " -"потребител\n" +" -u ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът е със зададен бит за смяна на потребител\n" " при изпълнение.\n" " -w ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът може да бъде записван от вас.\n" " -x ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът може да бъде изпълняван от вас.\n" -" -O ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът може да бъде ефективно притежаван от " -"вас.\n" -" -G ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът може да бъде ефективно притежаван от " -"вашата\n" +" -O ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът може да бъде ефективно притежаван от вас.\n" +" -G ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът може да бъде ефективно притежаван от вашата\n" " група.\n" -" -N ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът е бил променян от последното му " -"прочитане.\n" +" -N ФАЙЛ Истина, ако ФАЙЛът е бил променян от последното му прочитане.\n" " \n" " ФАЙЛ_1 -nt ФАЙЛ_2 Истина, ако ФАЙЛ_1 е по-нов от ФАЙЛ_2 (според\n" " датата на промяна).\n" @@ -4659,23 +4361,19 @@ msgstr "" " Други оператори:\n" " \n" " -o ОПЦИЯ Истина, ако ОПЦИЯта на обвивката е зададена.\n" -" -v ПРОМЕНЛИВА Истина, ако ПРОМЕНЛИВАта на обвивката е " -"зададена.\n" -" -R ПРОМЕНЛИВА Истина, ако ПРОМЕНЛИВАта е зададена като " -"променлива-\n" +" -v ПРОМЕНЛИВА Истина, ако ПРОМЕНЛИВАта на обвивката е зададена.\n" +" -R ПРОМЕНЛИВА Истина, ако ПРОМЕНЛИВАта е зададена като променлива-\n" " указател.\n" " ! ИЗРАЗ Истина, ако ИЗРАЗът е лъжа.\n" " ИЗРАЗ_1 -a ИЗРАЗ_2 Истина, ако и двата ИЗРАЗа са истина.\n" " ИЗРАЗ_1 -o ИЗРАЗ_2 Истина, ако поне един от ИЗРАЗите е истина.\n" " АРГ_1 ОПЕР АРГ_2 Аритметични тестове. Те връщат истина, ако се\n" " изпълнява математическото условие на ОПЕРатора,\n" -" който е един от следните (значението е в " -"скоби):\n" +" който е един от следните (значението е в скоби):\n" " „-eq“ (=), „-ne“ (!=), „-lt“ (<), „-le“ (<=),\n" " „-gt“ (>) , „-ge“ (>=).\n" " \n" -" Аритметичните изрази завършват истинно, ако АРГумент_1 е съответно " -"равен,\n" +" Аритметичните изрази завършват истинно, ако АРГумент_1 е съответно равен,\n" " неравен, по-малък, по-малък или равен, по-голям, по-голям или равен на\n" " АРГумент_2.\n" " \n" @@ -4691,19 +4389,16 @@ msgid "" " be a literal `]', to match the opening `['." msgstr "" "Изчисляване на условен израз.\n" -"\n" -" Това е синоним на вградената команда „test“, но последният аргумент " -"трябва\n" -" задължително да е знакът „]“, който да съответства на отварящата " -"квадратна\n" +" \n" +" Това е синоним на вградената команда „test“, но последният аргумент трябва\n" +" задължително да е знакът „]“, който да съответства на отварящата квадратна\n" " скоба „[“." #: builtins.c:1350 msgid "" "Display process times.\n" " \n" -" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of " -"its\n" +" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of its\n" " child processes.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" @@ -4711,8 +4406,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Извеждане на времето на работа на процесите.\n" " \n" -" Отпечатва общото потребителско и системно време на работа на обвивката " -"и\n" +" Отпечатва общото потребителско и системно време на работа на обвивката и\n" " всичките ѝ дъщерни процеси.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" @@ -4722,8 +4416,7 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Trap signals and other events.\n" " \n" -" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives " -"signals\n" +" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals\n" " or other conditions.\n" " \n" " ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the\n" @@ -4732,77 +4425,59 @@ msgid "" " value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the\n" " shell and by the commands it invokes.\n" " \n" -" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. " -"If\n" -" a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. " -"If\n" -" a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or " -"a\n" -" script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A " -"SIGNAL_SPEC\n" -" of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause " -"the\n" +" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. If\n" +" a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. If\n" +" a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a\n" +" script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC\n" +" of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the\n" " shell to exit when the -e option is enabled.\n" " \n" -" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands " -"associated\n" +" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated\n" " with each signal.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" " -l\tprint a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers\n" " -p\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC\n" " \n" -" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in or a signal " -"number.\n" +" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in or a signal number.\n" " Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A\n" " signal may be sent to the shell with \"kill -signal $$\".\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is " -"given." +" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given." msgstr "" "Прихващане на сигналите и другите събития.\n" -"\n" -" Дефинира и задейства функции за обработка, когато обвивката получи " -"сигнал\n" +" \n" +" Дефинира и задейства функции за обработка, когато обвивката получи сигнал\n" " или възникне друго събитие.\n" -"\n" -" Командата АРГУМЕНТ ще бъде прочетена и изпълнена, когато обвивката " -"получи\n" +" \n" +" Командата АРГУМЕНТ ще бъде прочетена и изпълнена, когато обвивката получи\n" " УКАЗАНия_СИГНАЛ(и). Ако АРГУМЕНТът липсва (и се подава единичен\n" -" УКАЗАН_СИГНАЛ) или е „-“, то всеки УКАЗАН_СИГНАЛ се връща към " -"първоначалната\n" +" УКАЗАН_СИГНАЛ) или е „-“, то всеки УКАЗАН_СИГНАЛ се връща към първоначалната\n" " си стойност. Ако АРГУМЕНТът е нулевият низ, всеки УКАЗАН_СИГНАЛ се\n" " пренебрегва от обвивката и командите, които се стартират през нея.\n" -"\n" -" Ако УКАЗАНият_СИГНАЛ е „EXIT (0)“, то командата АРГУМЕНТ се изпълнява " -"от\n" +" \n" +" Ако УКАЗАНият_СИГНАЛ е „EXIT (0)“, то командата АРГУМЕНТ се изпълнява от\n" " обвивката при изход. Ако УКАЗАНият_СИГНАЛ е „DEBUG“, АРГУМЕНТът се\n" " изпълнява след всяка проста команда. Ако УКАЗАНият_СИГНАЛ е „RETURN“,\n" -" АРГУМЕНТът се изпълнява след всяко изпълнение на функция както и " -"изпълнение\n" -" на скрипт чрез вградените команди „.“ и „source“. Ако УКАЗАНият_СИГНАЛ " -"е\n" +" АРГУМЕНТът се изпълнява след всяко изпълнение на функция както и изпълнение\n" +" на скрипт чрез вградените команди „.“ и „source“. Ако УКАЗАНият_СИГНАЛ е\n" " „ERR“, АРГУМЕНТът се изпълнява след всяка грешка, която би предизвикала\n" " изход от обвивката при стартирането ѝ с опцията „-e“.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Ако не са дадени аргументи, се отпечатват командите присвоени на всички\n" " прихващания.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" -" -l отпечатва списъка с имената на сигналите и съответстващите им " -"номера.\n" +" -l отпечатва списъка с имената на сигналите и съответстващите им номера.\n" " -p извеждат се командите свързани с всеки УКАЗАН_СИГНАЛ.\n" -"\n" -" Всеки УКАЗАН_СИГНАЛ е или име на сигнал от файла „signal.h“ или номер " -"на\n" +" \n" +" Всеки УКАЗАН_СИГНАЛ е или име на сигнал от файла „signal.h“ или номер на\n" " сигнал.\n" -" Няма разлика между главни и малки букви в имената на сигнали, а " -"представката\n" +" Няма разлика между главни и малки букви в имената на сигнали, а представката\n" " „SIG“ не е задължителна.\n" -" Сигнал може да бъде изпратен на обвивката с командата „kill -signal $" -"$“.\n" -"\n" +" Сигнал може да бъде изпратен на обвивката с командата „kill -signal $$“.\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако е зададен неправилен сигнал или опция." @@ -4832,8 +4507,7 @@ msgid "" " NAME\tCommand name to be interpreted.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not " -"found." +" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found." msgstr "" "Извеждане на информация за вида на командата подадена като аргумент.\n" " \n" @@ -4841,38 +4515,31 @@ msgstr "" " команда.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" -" -a Извеждане на всички местоположения, които съдържат изпълним файл " -"с\n" +" -a Извеждане на всички местоположения, които съдържат изпълним файл с\n" " това ИМЕ. Включва синонимите, вградените команди и функции на\n" " обвивката, само когато не е използвана опцията „-p“\n" " -f Без търсене във функциите дефинирани в обвивката\n" -" -P Търсене в пътя за изпълнение указан в PATH, дори и ако " -"съществува\n" -" синоним, вградена команда или функция дефинирана в обвивката с " -"това\n" +" -P Търсене в пътя за изпълнение указан в PATH, дори и ако съществува\n" +" синоним, вградена команда или функция дефинирана в обвивката с това\n" " ИМЕ\n" " -p Връща или името на файла, който ще бъде изпълнен или нищо в\n" " случаите, когато командата „type -t ИМЕ“ не би върнала „file“\n" " -t Извеждане на една от думите „alias“ (синоним), „keyword“\n" -" (резервирана лексема в обвивката), „function“ (функция " -"дефинирана в\n" -" обвивката), „builtin“ (вградена команда), „file“ (изпълним файл) " -"или\n" +" (резервирана лексема в обвивката), „function“ (функция дефинирана в\n" +" обвивката), „builtin“ (вградена команда), „file“ (изпълним файл) или\n" " „“, ако ИМЕто не е открито\n" " \n" " Аргументи:\n" " ИМЕ Името, за което да се изведе информация.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" 0, ако всички подадени ИМЕна са открити, неуспех, ако някое от тях " -"липсва." +" 0, ако всички подадени ИМЕна са открити, неуспех, ако някое от тях липсва." #: builtins.c:1429 msgid "" "Modify shell resource limits.\n" " \n" -" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and " -"processes\n" +" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes\n" " it creates, on systems that allow such control.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" @@ -4916,12 +4583,11 @@ msgid "" " Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." msgstr "" "Промяна на ресурсите на обвивката.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Командата осъществява контрол върху ресурсите, които са достъпни на\n" -" процесите стартирани през обвивката върху системите, които поддържат " -"такова\n" +" процесите стартирани през обвивката върху системите, които поддържат такова\n" " управление.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -S използване на „мекото“ ограничение на ресурс\n" " -H използване на „твърдото“ ограничение на ресурс\n" @@ -4931,8 +4597,7 @@ msgstr "" " паметта (core)\n" " -d максималният размер на сегмента на процес за данни\n" " -e максималният приоритет (nice)\n" -" -f максималният размер на файловете създадени от обвивката и " -"дъщерните\n" +" -f максималният размер на файловете създадени от обвивката и дъщерните\n" " ѝ процеси\n" " -i максималният брой на изчакващите сигнали\n" " -l максималният размер памет, която процес може да заключи\n" @@ -4950,21 +4615,18 @@ msgstr "" " -T максималният брой нишки\n" " \n" " Не всички ограничения са налични на всички платформи.\n" -"\n" -" Ако е зададено ОГРАНИЧЕНИЕ, то това е новата стойност на указания " -"ресурс.\n" -" Специалните стойности „soft“, „hard“ и „unlimited“ означават текущите " -"меко,\n" +" \n" +" Ако е зададено ОГРАНИЧЕНИЕ, то това е новата стойност на указания ресурс.\n" +" Специалните стойности „soft“, „hard“ и „unlimited“ означават текущите меко,\n" " твърдо и никакво ограничение съответно. В противен случай се извежда\n" -" текущата стойност на указания ресурс. Ако не е зададена опция, се " -"приема,\n" +" текущата стойност на указания ресурс. Ако не е зададена опция, се приема,\n" " че е зададена „-f“.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Стойностите са в блокове от по 1024 байта, с изключение на:\n" " ⁃ опцията „-t“, при която стойността е в секунди;\n" " ⁃ опцията „-p“, при която блоковете са от по 512 байта;\n" " ⁃ опцията „-u“, при която стойността е точният брой процеси.<\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако не възникни грешка или е дадена неправилна опция." @@ -4990,27 +4652,22 @@ msgstr "" " Задава МАСКАта за правата за достъп до новосъздадени файлове. Ако не е\n" " зададена МАСКА, се извежда текущата ѝ стойност.\n" " \n" -" Ако МАСКАта започва с цифра, тя се тълкува като осмично число. В " -"противен\n" +" Ако МАСКАта започва с цифра, тя се тълкува като осмично число. В противен\n" " случай трябва да е низ, който би бил приет от командата chmod(1).\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" -" -p ако не е зададена МАСКА, изведеният низ може да бъде ползван за " -"вход\n" -" -S изведената маска да е във вид на НИЗ. Без опцията изходът е " -"осмично\n" +" -p ако не е зададена МАСКА, изведеният низ може да бъде ползван за вход\n" +" -S изведената маска да е във вид на НИЗ. Без опцията изходът е осмично\n" " число\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако МАСКАта или някоя от зададените опции са неправилни." #: builtins.c:1499 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n" " \n" -" Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or " -"a\n" +" Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or a\n" " job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not\n" " given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return\n" " status is zero. If ID is a job specification, waits for all processes\n" @@ -5029,16 +4686,17 @@ msgstr "" "Изчакване на завършването задача и връщане на изходния код.\n" " \n" " Изчакване на всички указани ИДентификатори, които могат да са номера на\n" -" процеси или указатели на задачи, и докладване на изходния код. Ако не " -"е\n" +" процеси или указатели на задачи, и докладване на изходния код. Ако не е\n" " зададен ИДентификатор, се изчакват всички активни дъщерни процеси, а\n" -" изходният код е 0. Ако ИДентификаторът е указател на задача, се " -"изчакват\n" +" изходният код е 0. Ако ИДентификаторът е указател на задача, се изчакват\n" " всички процеси в конвейера на задачата.\n" -"\n" -" Ако е зададена опцията „-n“ се изчаква края на работата на следващата " -"задача\n" -" и се връща нейния код.\n" +" \n" +" Ако е зададена опцията „-n“, се изчаква края на работата на следващата\n" +" задача и се връща нейния код.\n" +" \n" +" Ако е зададена опцията „-n“ и управлението на задачите е включено, се\n" +" изчаква завършването на процеса/задачата с указаните ИДентификатори вместо\n" +" смяната на състоянието им.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Връща изходния код на последната задача или процес. Ако е зададена\n" @@ -5048,25 +4706,21 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n" " \n" -" Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination " -"status.\n" +" Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination status.\n" " If PID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes,\n" " and the return status is zero. PID must be a process ID.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an " -"invalid\n" +" Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an invalid\n" " option is given." msgstr "" "Изчакване на указания процес и докладване за изходния код.\n" -"\n" -" Изчакване на всички указани процеси и докладване за изходния код. Ако " -"не е\n" +" \n" +" Изчакване на всички указани процеси и докладване за изходния код. Ако не е\n" " зададен ИДентификатор_ПРоцeс, всички текущо активни дъщерни процеси се\n" -" изчакват и изходният код е 0. ИДентификатор_ПРоцeс трябва да " -"съответства на\n" +" изчакват и изходният код е 0. ИДентификатор_ПРоцeс трябва да съответства на\n" " някой процес.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Изходния код на процеса с последния идентификатор. Грешка, ако е даден\n" " неправилен идентификатор или е дадена неправилна опция." @@ -5084,15 +4738,12 @@ msgid "" " Returns the status of the last command executed." msgstr "" "Изпълнение на команда за всеки член в списък от елементи\n" -"\n" -" Цикълът „for“ изпълнява последователност от команди за всеки член в " -"списък\n" -" от елементи. Ако блокът „в ДУМИ…“ не присъства, използва се „in \"$@" -"\"“.\n" -" За всеки елемент в ДУМИте, ИМЕто се задава да е елементът и се " -"изпълняват\n" +" \n" +" Цикълът „for“ изпълнява последователност от команди за всеки член в списък\n" +" от елементи. Ако блокът „в ДУМИ…“ не присъства, използва се „in \"$@\"“.\n" +" За всеки елемент в ДУМИте, ИМЕто се задава да е елементът и се изпълняват\n" " КОМАНДИте.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Връща изходния код на последно изпълнената команда." @@ -5119,10 +4770,9 @@ msgstr "" " КОМАНДИ\n" " (( EXP_3 ))\n" " done\n" -" ИЗРАЗ_1, ИЗРАЗ_2, и ИЗРАЗ_3 са аритметични изрази. Всеки изпуснат израз " -"се\n" +" ИЗРАЗ_1, ИЗРАЗ_2, и ИЗРАЗ_3 са аритметични изрази. Всеки изпуснат израз се\n" " изчислява да е 1.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Връща изходния код на последно изпълнената команда." @@ -5146,25 +4796,19 @@ msgid "" " Returns the status of the last command executed." msgstr "" "Избор на думи от списък и изпълнение на команди.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " ДУМИте биват замествани, което води до създаването на списък с думи.\n" " Наборът от заместените думи бива отпечатан на изхода за стандартната\n" -" грешка, като всяка от тях се предшества от номер. Ако клаузата „in " -"ДУМИ“\n" -" липсва, използва се „in \"$@\"“. В такива случаи се отпечатва " -"подсказката\n" -" „PS3“ и от стандартния вход се прочита ред. Ако редът се състои от " -"номера,\n" -" който съответства на някоя от изведените думи, ИМЕто се задава да е " -"тази\n" -" дума. Ако редът е празен, отново се отпечатват ДУМИте и подсказката. " -"Ако\n" -" се прочете „EOF“, командата завършва. Всяка друга стойност присвоява " -"„null“\n" +" грешка, като всяка от тях се предшества от номер. Ако клаузата „in ДУМИ“\n" +" липсва, използва се „in \"$@\"“. В такива случаи се отпечатва подсказката\n" +" „PS3“ и от стандартния вход се прочита ред. Ако редът се състои от номера,\n" +" който съответства на някоя от изведените думи, ИМЕто се задава да е тази\n" +" дума. Ако редът е празен, отново се отпечатват ДУМИте и подсказката. Ако\n" +" се прочете „EOF“, командата завършва. Всяка друга стойност присвоява „null“\n" " на ИМЕ. Прочетеният ред се запазва в променливата REPLY. КОМАНДИте се\n" " изпълняват след всеки избор до изпълняването на команда за прекъсване\n" " (break).\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Връща изходния код на последно изпълнената команда." @@ -5184,17 +4828,17 @@ msgid "" " The return status is the return status of PIPELINE." msgstr "" "Отпечатване на времето за изпълнение на програмен канал.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изпълнение на ПРОГРАМНия_КАНАЛ и отпечатване на обобщение за реалното,\n" " потребителското и системно процесорни времена, които изпълнението на\n" " ПРОГРАМНия_КАНАЛ отнема.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" " -p: извеждане на статистиката за времето във формат POSIX\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Стойността на променливата на средата „TIMEFORMAT“ определя изходния\n" " формат.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Изходният код е този на ПРОГРАМНия_КАНАЛ." @@ -5209,11 +4853,10 @@ msgid "" " Returns the status of the last command executed." msgstr "" "Изпълнение на команди на базата на напасване по шаблон.\n" -"\n" -" Избирателно се изпълняват КОМАНДИ на база ДУМА, която напасва на " -"ШАБЛОН.\n" +" \n" +" Избирателно се изпълняват КОМАНДИ на база ДУМА, която напасва на ШАБЛОН.\n" " Шаблоните се разделят със знака „|“.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Изходният код е този на последно изпълнената команда." @@ -5221,40 +4864,29 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Execute commands based on conditional.\n" " \n" -" The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then " -"the\n" -" `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list " -"is\n" +" The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then the\n" +" `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is\n" " executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding\n" -" `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. " -"Otherwise,\n" -" the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of " -"the\n" -" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or " -"zero\n" +" `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. Otherwise,\n" +" the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of the\n" +" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero\n" " if no condition tested true.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" " Returns the status of the last command executed." msgstr "" "Изпълнение на команда на базата на условие.\n" -"\n" -" Първо се изпълняват командите в блока „if КОМАНДИ“. Ако изходният код е " -"0,\n" -" то се изпълнява блокът „then КОМАНДИ“. В противен случай последователно " -"се\n" -" изпълнява всеки блок „elif КОМАНДИ“ — ако изходният код е 0, то се " -"изпълнява\n" -" съответния блок „then КОМАНДИ“, след което завършва изпълнението на " -"целия\n" +" \n" +" Първо се изпълняват командите в блока „if КОМАНДИ“. Ако изходният код е 0,\n" +" то се изпълнява блокът „then КОМАНДИ“. В противен случай последователно се\n" +" изпълнява всеки блок „elif КОМАНДИ“ — ако изходният код е 0, то се изпълнява\n" +" съответния блок „then КОМАНДИ“, след което завършва изпълнението на целия\n" " блок „if“.\n" " Ако изходният код на никой от блоковете „if“ и „elif“ не е бил 0,\n" -" изпълнява се блока „else КОМАНДИ“, стига такъв да присъства. Изходният " -"код\n" -" от цялата конструкция е този на последната изпълнена команда или е 0, " -"ако\n" +" изпълнява се блока „else КОМАНДИ“, стига такъв да присъства. Изходният код\n" +" от цялата конструкция е този на последната изпълнена команда или е 0, ако\n" " никое тестово условие, не се е оценило като истина.<\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Изходният код е този на последно изпълнената команда." @@ -5269,10 +4901,10 @@ msgid "" " Returns the status of the last command executed." msgstr "" "Изпълнение на команда докато определен тест е успешен.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Заместване и изпълнение на КОМАНДИте докато последната команда в блока\n" " „while“ е с изходен код, който е 0.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Изходният код е този на последно изпълнената команда." @@ -5287,10 +4919,10 @@ msgid "" " Returns the status of the last command executed." msgstr "" "Изпълнение на команда докато определен тест е неуспешен.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Заместване и изпълнение на КОМАНДИте докато последната команда в блока\n" " „until“ е с изходен код, който не е 0.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Изходният код е този на последно изпълнената команда." @@ -5309,10 +4941,8 @@ msgstr "" "Създаване на копроцес с даденото ИМЕ.\n" " \n" " Асинхронно изпълнение на КОМАНДАта, като стандартните вход и изход се\n" -" пренасочват от и към файловите дескриптори, които трябва да са с " -"индекси\n" -" съответно 0 и 1 в променливата-масив ИМЕ в изпълняваната обвивка. Ако " -"не е\n" +" пренасочват от и към файловите дескриптори, които трябва да са с индекси\n" +" съответно 0 и 1 в променливата-масив ИМЕ в изпълняваната обвивка. Ако не е\n" " дадено ИМЕ на променлива, стандартно се ползва „COPROC“.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" @@ -5323,8 +4953,7 @@ msgid "" "Define shell function.\n" " \n" " Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command,\n" -" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is " -"invoked,\n" +" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is invoked,\n" " the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's\n" " name is in $FUNCNAME.\n" " \n" @@ -5333,13 +4962,10 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Дефиниране на функция на обвивката.\n" " \n" -" Създаване на функция на обвивката със зададеното ИМЕ. Когато се извика " -"като\n" +" Създаване на функция на обвивката със зададеното ИМЕ. Когато се извика като\n" " обикновена команда, КОМАНДИте се изпълняват в контекста на извикващата\n" -" обвивка. При извикването на ИМЕто, аргументите подадени на функцията " -"са\n" -" достъпни като $1,… , $9, а името на функцията е достъпно като " -"$FUNCNAME.\n" +" обвивка. При извикването на ИМЕто, аргументите подадени на функцията са\n" +" достъпни като $1,… , $9, а името на функцията е достъпно като $FUNCNAME.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако ИМЕто не е само за четене." @@ -5355,11 +4981,10 @@ msgid "" " Returns the status of the last command executed." msgstr "" "Изпълнение на група от команди.\n" -"\n" -" Изпълняване на цял набор от команди в група. Това е един от начините да " -"се\n" +" \n" +" Изпълняване на цял набор от команди в група. Това е един от начините да се\n" " пренасочи цял набор от команди.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Изходният код е този на последно изпълнената команда." @@ -5377,13 +5002,13 @@ msgid "" " Returns the status of the resumed job." msgstr "" "Възобновяване на заден фон на изпълнението на задача\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Еквивалентно на аргумента ЗАДАЧА на командата „fg“. Възобновява спряна\n" " задача или такава на заден фон. ЗАДАЧАта може да указва или име, или\n" " номер на задача. Ако след ЗАДАЧАта се въведе знакът „&“, задачата\n" " се изпълнява във фонов режим, все едно е била подадена като аргумент\n" " на командата „bg“.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " Изходният код е този възобновената задача." @@ -5398,10 +5023,10 @@ msgid "" " Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise." msgstr "" "Изчисляване на аритметичен израз\n" -"\n" +" \n" " ИЗРАЗът се изчислява според правилата на аритметичното оценяване.\n" " Еквивалентно на „let ИЗРАЗ“.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 1, ако резултатът на ИЗРАЗа е 0. В противен случай — 0." @@ -5409,12 +5034,9 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Execute conditional command.\n" " \n" -" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the " -"conditional\n" -" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries " -"used\n" -" by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following " -"operators:\n" +" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional\n" +" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used\n" +" by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators:\n" " \n" " ( EXPRESSION )\tReturns the value of EXPRESSION\n" " ! EXPRESSION\t\tTrue if EXPRESSION is false; else false\n" @@ -5433,15 +5055,13 @@ msgid "" " 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION." msgstr "" "Изпълнение на команда-условие\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Връща състояние 0 или 1 в зависимост от оценката на условния ИЗРАЗ.\n" -" Изразите са съставени от същите примитиви, както вградената команда " -"„test“\n" +" Изразите са съставени от същите примитиви, както вградената команда „test“\n" " и могат да се съчетават чрез следните оператори:\n" " \n" " ( ИЗРАЗ ) Връща стойността на ИЗРАЗа\n" -" ! ИЗРАЗ Истина, ако ИЗРАЗ се оценя на лъжа, в останалите случаи е " -"лъжа\n" +" ! ИЗРАЗ Истина, ако ИЗРАЗ се оценя на лъжа, в останалите случаи е лъжа\n" " ИЗРАЗ_1 && ИЗРАЗ_2\n" " Истина, ако едновременно ИЗРАЗ_1 и ИЗРАЗ_2 са истина, в\n" " останалите случаи е лъжа.\n" @@ -5450,14 +5070,13 @@ msgstr "" " останалите случаи е лъжа.\n" " \n" " Когато се използват операторите „==“ и „!=“, низът от дясната страна на\n" -" оператора се използва като шаблон и се извършва напасване. Когато се " -"ползва\n" +" оператора се използва като шаблон и се извършва напасване. Когато се ползва\n" " операторът „=~“, изразът от дясната му страна се тълкува като регулярен\n" " израз.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Операторите „&&“ и „||“ не оценят ИЗРАЗ_2, ако ИЗРАЗ_1 е достатъчен за\n" " определяне на стойността на израза.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0 или едно според стойността на ИЗРАЗа." @@ -5515,34 +5134,26 @@ msgid "" " \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n" msgstr "" "Често използване промени на обвивката\n" -"\n" +" \n" " BASH_VERSION Информация за версията на bash\n" " CDPATH Списък с директории разделени с двоеточие, които да се\n" " търсят като аргументи за командата „cd“\n" -" GLOBIGNORE Списък с шаблони на файлови имена, разделени с " -"двоеточие,\n" +" GLOBIGNORE Списък с шаблони на файлови имена, разделени с двоеточие,\n" " които да се игнорират от заместването на пътя\n" -" HISTFILE Името на файла, в който се съхранява историята на " -"командите\n" -" HISTFILESIZE Максималният брой редове, които горният файл може да " -"съдържа\n" -" HISTSIZE Максималният брой редове, които една работеща обвивка " -"може\n" +" HISTFILE Името на файла, в който се съхранява историята на командите\n" +" HISTFILESIZE Максималният брой редове, които горният файл може да съдържа\n" +" HISTSIZE Максималният брой редове, които една работеща обвивка може\n" " да достъпи\n" " HOME Пълният път до домашната ви директория\n" " HOSTNAME Името на текущата машина\n" " HOSTTYPE Видът на процесора, под който работи текущата обвивка\n" -" IGNOREEOF Управлява действието на обвивката при срещането на " -"единичен\n" -" знак за край на файл „EOF“. Ако променливата е " -"зададена, тя\n" +" IGNOREEOF Управлява действието на обвивката при срещането на единичен\n" +" знак за край на файл „EOF“. Ако променливата е зададена, тя\n" " указва броя на знаците „EOF“, който могат да се срещнат\n" -" самостоятелно на един ред, преди обвивката да завърши " -"работа\n" +" самостоятелно на един ред, преди обвивката да завърши работа\n" " и излезе (стандартно е 10). Когато променливата не е\n" " зададена, един „EOF“ означава край на входящите данни\n" -" MACHTYPE Низ, който описва текущата система, на която работи " -"bash\n" +" MACHTYPE Низ, който описва текущата система, на която работи bash\n" " MAILCHECK Колко често bash да проверява за нови писма (в секунди)\n" " MAILPATH Списък с файлове, които bash проверява за нови писма\n" " OSTYPE Версията на Юникс, на която работи bash\n" @@ -5555,36 +5166,23 @@ msgstr "" " SHELLOPTS Списък с включените опции на обвивката, разделени с\n" " двоеточие\n" " TERM Името на текущия вид терминал\n" -" TIMEFORMAT Изходният формат за статистиката за времето за " -"изпълнение на\n" +" TIMEFORMAT Изходният формат за статистиката за времето за изпълнение на\n" " команда, който се използва от запазената дума „time“\n" -" auto_resume Стойност, която не е „null“, означава, че командна " -"дума,\n" -" която се появява самостоятелно на ред, първо се " -"проверява в\n" -" списъка с текущо спрените задачи. Ако бъде открита " -"там,\n" +" auto_resume Стойност, която не е „null“, означава, че командна дума,\n" +" която се появява самостоятелно на ред, първо се проверява в\n" +" списъка с текущо спрените задачи. Ако бъде открита там,\n" " задачата се пуска и се слага на преден план. Стойност\n" -" „exact“ (строго съвпадение) означава, че командната " -"дума,\n" -" трябва точно да съвпада с името на команда в списъка " -"със\n" -" спрени задачи. Стойност „substring“ (съвпадение на " -"подниз)\n" -" означава, че командната дума трябва да е подниз на " -"задачата.\n" -" Всяка друга стойност означава, че командата думата " -"трябва да\n" +" „exact“ (строго съвпадение) означава, че командната дума,\n" +" трябва точно да съвпада с името на команда в списъка със\n" +" спрени задачи. Стойност „substring“ (съвпадение на подниз)\n" +" означава, че командната дума трябва да е подниз на задачата.\n" +" Всяка друга стойност означава, че командата думата трябва да\n" " е началото на спряна задача\n" -" histchars Знаци, които определят бързото заместване и това по " -"история.\n" -" Първият знак е за заместването по история, обикновено е " -"„!“.\n" -" Вторият е за бързото заместване, обикновено е „^“. " -"Третият\n" +" histchars Знаци, които определят бързото заместване и това по история.\n" +" Първият знак е за заместването по история, обикновено е „!“.\n" +" Вторият е за бързото заместване, обикновено е „^“. Третият\n" " е за коментарите в историята, обикновено е „#“\n" -" HISTIGNORE Списък с шаблони, разделени с двоеточие, които указват " -"кои\n" +" HISTIGNORE Списък с шаблони, разделени с двоеточие, които указват кои\n" " команди да не се запазват в историята\n" #: builtins.c:1811 @@ -5618,38 +5216,31 @@ msgid "" " change fails." msgstr "" "Добавяне на директории в стека.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Добавя директория в стека на директориите или превърта стека\n" " като най-горна директория става текущата директория. Без\n" " аргументи сменя най-горните две директории.\n" -"\n" -" -n подтискане на нормалното преминаване към директория при изваждането " -"на\n" +" \n" +" -n подтискане на нормалното преминаване към директория при изваждането на\n" " директория към стека, така че се променя само той.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Аргументи:\n" -" +N Превърта стека, така че N-тата директория (като се брои от " -"лявата \n" -" страна на списъка, изведен от командата „dirs“ като се почва от " -"0)\n" +" +N Превърта стека, така че N-тата директория (като се брои от лявата \n" +" страна на списъка, изведен от командата „dirs“ като се почва от 0)\n" " да е най-отгоре.\n" -"\n" -" -N Превърта стека, така че N-тата директория (като се брои от " -"дясната\n" -" страна на списъка, изведен от командата „dirs“ като се почва от " -"0)\n" +" \n" +" -N Превърта стека, така че N-тата директория (като се брои от дясната\n" +" страна на списъка, изведен от командата „dirs“ като се почва от 0)\n" " да е най-отгоре.\n" -"\n" -"\n" -" dir Добавя ДИРекторията най-отгоре в стека, като я прави новата " -"текуща\n" +" \n" +" \n" +" dir Добавя ДИРекторията най-отгоре в стека, като я прави новата текуща\n" " работна директория.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Можете да изведете стека на директорията с командата „dirs“.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" 0, освен ако е подаден неправилен аргумент или не може да се премине " -"към\n" +" 0, освен ако е подаден неправилен аргумент или не може да се премине към\n" " съответната директория." #: builtins.c:1845 @@ -5679,31 +5270,28 @@ msgid "" " change fails." msgstr "" "Изваждане на директории от стека.\n" -"\n" -" Маха директории от стека с тях. Без аргументи премахва последната " -"директория\n" +" \n" +" Маха директории от стека с тях. Без аргументи премахва последната директория\n" " в стека и влиза в новата последна директория.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" -" -n подтискане на нормалното преминаване към директория при изваждането " -"на\n" +" -n подтискане на нормалното преминаване към директория при изваждането на\n" " директория към стека, така че се променя само той.\n" -"\n" -" Аргументи:\n" +" \n" +" Аргументи:\n" " \n" " +N премахва N-тия елемент като се брои отляво в списъка изведен от\n" " командата „dirs“, като се брои от 0. Напр.: „popd +0“ премахва\n" " първата директория, „popd +1“ - втората.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " -N премахва N-тия елемент като се брои отдясно в списъка изведен от\n" " командата „dirs“, като се брои от 0. Напр.: „popd -0“ премахва\n" " последната директория, „popd -1“ - предпоследната.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Стекът с директориите се визуализира с командата „dirs“.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" 0, освен ако е подаден неправилен аргумент или не може да се премине " -"към\n" +" 0, освен ако е подаден неправилен аргумент или не може да се премине към\n" " съответната директория." #: builtins.c:1875 @@ -5735,33 +5323,28 @@ msgid "" " Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." msgstr "" "Извеждане на стека на директориите.\n" -"\n" -" Отпечатва списъка с текущо запомнените директории. Списъкът се попълва " -"чрез\n" +" \n" +" Отпечатва списъка с текущо запомнените директории. Списъкът се попълва чрез\n" " командата „pushd“. Можете да вадите директории от стека с командата\n" " „popd“.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" " -c изчистване на стека на директориите като изтрива всички елементи\n" -" -l извеждане на пълните имена на директориите, а не съкратените " -"спрямо\n" +" -l извеждане на пълните имена на директориите, а не съкратените спрямо\n" " домашната директория имена („/homes/pesho/bin“, а не „~/bin“)\n" " -p поредово отпечатване без поредния номер в стека\n" " -v поредово отпечатване заедно с поредния номер в стека\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Аргументи: \n" -" +N извежда N-тия елемент отляво в списъка отпечатан от командата " -"„dirs“,\n" +" +N извежда N-тия елемент отляво в списъка отпечатан от командата „dirs“,\n" " когато е стартирана без опции. Брои се от 0.\n" -" -N извежда N-тия елемент отдясно в списъка отпечатан от командата " -"„dirs“,\n" +" -N извежда N-тия елемент отдясно в списъка отпечатан от командата „dirs“,\n" " когато е стартирана без опции. Брои се от 0.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако е дадена неправилна опция или възникне грешка." #: builtins.c:1906 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Set and unset shell options.\n" " \n" @@ -5782,23 +5365,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Включване и изключване на опции на обвивката.\n" " \n" -" Превключване на състоянието на всяка от дадените ОПЦИи на обвивката. " -"Ако не\n" -" не са зададени аргументи-ОПЦИи, се извежда списък от всички опции, като " -"се\n" -" указва за всяка дали и включена или не.\n" +" Превключване на състоянието на всяка от дадените ОПЦИи на обвивката. Ако не\n" +" не са зададени аргументи, се извежда списък от с дадените ОПЦИи или всички,\n" +" ако не са дадени такива, като се указва за всяка дали и включена или не.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" -" -o ограничаване на опциите до определените за използване със „set -" -"o“\n" +" -o ограничаване на опциите до определените за използване със „set -o“\n" " -p извеждане на всяка опция с означение дали е включена или не\n" " -q без извеждане на информация\n" " -s включване на всяка от ОПЦИИте\n" " -u изключване на всяка от ОПЦИИте\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" 0, ако ОПЦИЯта е включена, грешка, ако е зададена неправилна или " -"изключена\n" +" 0, ако ОПЦИЯта е включена, грешка, ако е зададена неправилна или изключена\n" " ОПЦИЯ." #: builtins.c:1927 @@ -5809,81 +5388,65 @@ msgid "" " -v var\tassign the output to shell variable VAR rather than\n" " \t\tdisplay it on the standard output\n" " \n" -" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: " -"plain\n" -" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character " -"escape\n" +" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain\n" +" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character escape\n" " sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and\n" -" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next " -"successive\n" +" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive\n" " argument.\n" " \n" -" In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf" -"(1),\n" +" In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf(1),\n" " printf interprets:\n" " \n" " %b\texpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument\n" " %q\tquote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input\n" -" %(fmt)T\toutput the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a " -"format\n" +" %(fmt)T\toutput the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a format\n" " \t string for strftime(3)\n" " \n" " The format is re-used as necessary to consume all of the arguments. If\n" " there are fewer arguments than the format requires, extra format\n" -" specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as " -"appropriate,\n" +" specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as appropriate,\n" " had been supplied.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or " -"assignment\n" +" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or assignment\n" " error occurs." msgstr "" "Форматиране и отпечатване на АРГУМЕНТИте според управлението на ФОРМАТа.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Опции:\n" -" -v ПРОМЕНЛИВА изходът се поставя в ПРОМЕНЛИВАта на обвивката, вместо " -"да\n" +" -v ПРОМЕНЛИВА изходът се поставя в ПРОМЕНЛИВАта на обвивката, вместо да\n" " се извежда на стандартния изход.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " ФОРМАТът е последователност от знаци, която съдържа три вида обекти:\n" -" ⁃ обикновени знаци, които биват отпечатани директно на стандартния " -"изход;\n" +" ⁃ обикновени знаци, които биват отпечатани директно на стандартния изход;\n" " ⁃ екраниращи знакови последователности, които биват преобразувани и\n" " отпечатани на стандартния изход;\n" " ⁃ форматиращи знакови последователности, всяка от които предизвиква\n" " отпечатването на следващ аргумент.\n" -"\n" -" Освен стандартните форматирания описани в ръководството на printf(1), " -"printf\n" +" \n" +" Освен стандартните форматирания описани в ръководството на printf(1), printf\n" " приема и следните инструкции:\n" " %b предизвиква заместването на екраниранията с обратно наклонени\n" " черти в съответния аргумент\n" " %q предизвиква цитирането на аргумента, така че да може да бъде\n" " използван като вход за обвивката\n" -" %(fmt) отпечатване на низа при третиране на аргумента като дата и " -"време\n" +" %(fmt) отпечатване на низа при третиране на аргумента като дата и време\n" " според strftime(3)\n" -"\n" -" Форматът се преизползва до приемането на всички аргументи. Ако има " -"по-\n" -" малко аргументи от посочените във формата, поведението на " -"допълнителните е\n" -" все една е подаден за аргумент нулева стойност или празен низ.\n" -"\n" -" Изходен код:\n" -" 0, освен ако не е дадена неправилна опция или възникне грешка при\n" -" извеждането на резултата или при присвояването на стойността." +" \n" +" Форматът се преизползва до приемането на всички аргументи. Ако има по-\n" +" малко аргументи от посочените във форма̀та, поведението на допълнителните е\n" +" все едно за аргумент да са подадени нулева стойност или празен низ.\n" +" \n" +" Изходен код:\n" +" 0, освен ако не е дадена неправилна опция или възникне грешка при\n" +" извеждането на резултата или при присвояването на стойността." #: builtins.c:1961 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n" " \n" -" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no " -"options\n" -" are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way " -"that\n" +" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no options\n" +" are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that\n" " allows them to be reused as input.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" @@ -5898,38 +5461,33 @@ msgid "" " \t\tcommand) word\n" " \n" " When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the\n" -" uppercase-letter options are listed above. If multiple options are " -"supplied,\n" -" the -D option takes precedence over -E, and both take precedence over -" -"I.\n" +" uppercase-letter options are listed above. If multiple options are supplied,\n" +" the -D option takes precedence over -E, and both take precedence over -I.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" " Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." msgstr "" "Указване на начина на автоматичното дописване на аргументите от Readline.\n" " \n" -" За всяко ИМЕ се извежда начина за дописване на аргументите. Ако не са\n" +" За всяко ИМЕ се извежда начинът за дописване на аргументите. Ако не са\n" " дадени никакви опции, се извеждат текущите инструкции за автоматично\n" " дописване във формат, който може да се използва за вход.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" -" -p Извеждане на текущите инструкции за автоматично дописване във " -"формат,\n" +" -p Извеждане на текущите инструкции за автоматично дописване във формат,\n" " който може да се използва за вход\n" -" -r Премахване на инструкциите за автоматично дописване на всяко ИМЕ," -"а\n" +" -r Премахване на инструкциите за автоматично дописване на всяко ИМЕ, а\n" " когато такова не е указано — всички инструкции\n" -" -D Прилагане на дописванията и действията като стандартните за " -"командите,\n" +" -D Прилагане на дописванията и действията като стандартните за командите,\n" " без никакви специфични инструкции\n" " -E Прилагане на дописванията и действията като тези на „празната“\n" " команда — когато все още нищо не е написано на командния ред\n" +" -I Прилагане на дописванията и действията към първата дума (обикновено\n" +" това е командата)\n" " \n" -" При извършване на автоматично дописване, действията се прилагат в реда " -"на\n" -" опциите с главна буква дадени по-горе. Опцията „-D“ е с по-висок " -"приоритет\n" -" от „-E“.\n" +" При извършване на автоматично дописване, действията се прилагат в реда на\n" +" опциите с главна буква дадени по-горе. Опцията „-D“ е с по-висок приоритет\n" +" от „-E“, която има по-висок приоритет от „-I“.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен когато е дадена неправилна опция или възникне грешка." @@ -5939,33 +5497,28 @@ msgid "" "Display possible completions depending on the options.\n" " \n" " Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible\n" -" completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches " -"against\n" +" completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches against\n" " WORD are generated.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" " Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." msgstr "" "Извеждане на възможните дописвания.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Целта е да се ползва в рамките функция на обвивката, която генерира\n" " възможните дописвания. Ако е зададен незадължителният аргумент ДУМА,\n" " генерират се напасванията с него.\n" -"\n" +" \n" " Изходен код:\n" " 0, освен ако е дадена неправилна опция или възникне грешка." #: builtins.c:2006 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Modify or display completion options.\n" " \n" -" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are " -"supplied,\n" -" the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, " -"print\n" -" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion " -"specification.\n" +" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied,\n" +" the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, print\n" +" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" " \t-o option\tSet completion option OPTION for each NAME\n" @@ -5995,49 +5548,40 @@ msgstr "" " изпълняваното дописване.\n" " \n" " Опции:\n" -" \t-o ОПЦИЯ\n" -" Задаване ОПЦИЯта за дописване за всяко зададено ИМЕ\n" -" \t-D Задаване на опциите за „стандартното“ дописване на команда\n" -" \t-E Задаване на опциите за дописването на „празната“ команда\n" -" \n" +" -o ОПЦИЯ\n" +" Задаване ОПЦИЯта за дописване за всяко зададено ИМЕ\n" +" -D Задаване на опциите за „стандартното“ дописване на команда\n" +" -E Задаване на опциите за дописването на „празната“ команда\n" +" -I Задаване на опциите за дописването на първата дума\n" " Използването на „+o“ вместо „-o“ изключва дадената опция.\n" " \n" " Аргументи:\n" " \n" " Всяко ИМЕ указва команда, за която трябва предварително да е зададена\n" -" спецификация за дописване чрез вградената команда „complete“. Ако не " -"са\n" -" зададени ИМЕна, командата „compopt“ трябва да бъде изпълнена от " -"функция,\n" -" която генерира спецификациите за дописване. В този случай опциите за " -"текущо\n" +" спецификация за дописване чрез вградената команда „complete“. Ако не са\n" +" зададени ИМЕна, командата „compopt“ трябва да бъде изпълнена от функция,\n" +" която генерира спецификациите за дописване. В този случай опциите за текущо\n" " изпълнявания генератор на дописвания се променят.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" 0, освен когато е дадена неправилна опция или липсват инструкции към " -"ИМЕто\n" +" 0, освен когато е дадена неправилна опция или липсват инструкции към ИМЕто\n" " за автоматично дописване." #: builtins.c:2037 msgid "" "Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable.\n" " \n" -" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable " -"ARRAY, or\n" -" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable " -"MAPFILE\n" +" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or\n" +" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable MAPFILE\n" " is the default ARRAY.\n" " \n" " Options:\n" " -d delim\tUse DELIM to terminate lines, instead of newline\n" -" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are " -"copied\n" -" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default " -"index is 0\n" +" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are copied\n" +" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default index is 0\n" " -s count\tDiscard the first COUNT lines read\n" " -t\tRemove a trailing DELIM from each line read (default newline)\n" -" -u fd\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard " -"input\n" +" -u fd\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input\n" " -C callback\tEvaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read\n" " -c quantum\tSpecify the number of lines read between each call to\n" " \t\t\tCALLBACK\n" @@ -6050,17 +5594,14 @@ msgid "" " element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element\n" " as additional arguments.\n" " \n" -" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY " -"before\n" +" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY before\n" " assigning to it.\n" " \n" " Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly " -"or\n" +" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly or\n" " not an indexed array." msgstr "" -"Изчитане на редове от стандартния вход и запазване в променлива — " -"индексиран\n" +"Изчитане на редове от стандартния вход и запазване в променлива — индексиран\n" " низ.\n" " \n" " Прочитане на редове от стандартния вход, които след това се запазват в\n" @@ -6077,29 +5618,23 @@ msgstr "" " -t Премахване на последващия знак-РАЗДЕЛител от всеки ред\n" " (стандартно е знакът за нов ред)\n" " -u ФАЙЛов_ДЕСКРиптор\n" -" Изчитане на редовете от ФАЙЛов_ДЕСКРиптор, а не " -"стандартния\n" +" Изчитане на редовете от ФАЙЛов_ДЕСКРиптор, а не стандартния\n" " вход\n" -" -C ФУНКЦИЯ Функция, която се извиква при изчитането на всеки " -"БРОЙ_РЕДА\n" -" -c БРОЙ_РЕДА Редове, които да се изчетат преди да се извика " -"ФУНКЦИЯта\n" +" -C ФУНКЦИЯ Функция, която се извиква при изчитането на всеки БРОЙ_РЕДА\n" +" -c БРОЙ_РЕДА Редове, които да се изчетат преди да се извика ФУНКЦИЯта\n" " \n" " Аргументи:\n" " МАСИВ Име на променливата-масив\n" " \n" -" Ако опцията „-C“ е зададена без „-c“, стандартния БРОЙ_РЕДА е 5000. " -"При\n" +" Ако опцията „-C“ е зададена без „-c“, стандартния БРОЙ_РЕДА е 5000. При\n" " извикването на ФУНКЦИЯта за аргументи ѝ се подават индекса на следващия\n" " елемент от масива и реда, който се счита за стойност.\n" " \n" -" Ако не е дадено изрично НАЧАЛО, командата „mapfile“ изчиства МАСИВа, " -"преди\n" +" Ако не е дадено изрично НАЧАЛО, командата „mapfile“ изчиства МАСИВа, преди\n" " да започне присвояването към него.\n" " \n" " Изходен код:\n" -" Връща 0, освен ако е дадена неправилна опция или ако МАСИВът е " -"променлива\n" +" Връща 0, освен ако е дадена неправилна опция или ако МАСИВът е променлива\n" " само за четене или не е индексиран масив." #: builtins.c:2073 diff --git a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST b/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST index c8bef8dd..0b063810 100755 --- a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST +++ b/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/bash/bash-current +BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current THIS_SH=$BUILD_DIR/bash PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR