diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 5460fdf1..05ad9bbc 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -6837,3 +6837,30 @@ lib/sh/unicode.c - u32toutf8: fix a typo that assigned the wrong value to the first byte of a six-byte UTF-8 character. Report and fix from István Pásztor + + 11/15 + ----- +doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{history.3,hsuser.texi} + - quick substitution: make it clear that ^s1^s2^ is equivalent to + !!:s^s1^s2^, since that's the internal transformation we perform. + Reported by Jim Monte + - note that the `q' and `x' modifiers are mutually exclusive; last + one wins. Reported by Jim Monte + - note that the `G' modifier can work with `&' as well as `s'. + Reported by Jim Monte + - note that a word designator of `-' is equivalent to `0-'. + Reported by Jim Monte + +lib/readline/histexpand.c + - history_expand_internal: make multiple :p modifiers work to suppress + execution. Reported by Jim Monte + - get_history_word_specifier: fix so a `^' word designator works as + the second part of a range. + Reported by Jim Monte + - hist_error: make sure we don't blindly copy a null character into + the error string (e.g., if there is a missing word designator + following `:'). Reported by Jim Monte + - get_history_event: if the history event specifier (!) is followed + immediately by a `-' and a non-digit (e.g. !-a), make sure the - is + treated as part of a search string instead of making it an offset of + 0. Reported by Jim Monte diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 8253af05..e0e4d4eb 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Wed Oct 30 16:58:09 EDT 2019 +.\" Last Change: Fri Nov 15 09:39:07 EST 2019 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2019 October 30" "GNU Bash 5.0" +.TH BASH 1 "2019 November 15" "GNU Bash 5.0" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -7192,6 +7192,8 @@ history list containing The trailing \fB?\fP may be omitted if .I string is followed immediately by a newline. +If \fIstring\fP is missing, the string from the most recent search is used; +it is an error if there is no previous search string. .TP .B \d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring1\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring2\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing @@ -7199,7 +7201,7 @@ Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing with .IR string2 . Equivalent to -``!!:s/\fIstring1\fP/\fIstring2\fP/'' +``!!:s\d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring1\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring2\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u'' (see \fBModifiers\fP below). .TP .B !# @@ -7239,7 +7241,8 @@ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will expand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line. .TP .B % -The word matched by the most recent `?\fIstring\fR?' search. +The first word matched by the most recent `?\fIstring\fR?' search, +if the search string begins with a character that is part of a word. .TP .I x\fB\-\fPy A range of words; `\-\fIy\fR' abbreviates `0\-\fIy\fR'. @@ -7256,6 +7259,7 @@ Abbreviates \fIx\-$\fP. .TP .B x\- Abbreviates \fIx\-$\fP like \fBx*\fP, but omits the last word. +If \fBx\fP is missing, it defaults to 0. .PD .PP If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the @@ -7293,15 +7297,19 @@ Quote the substituted words as with but break into words at .B blanks and newlines. +The \fBq\fP and \fBx\fP modifiers are mutually exclusive; the last one +supplied is used. .TP .B s/\fIold\fP/\fInew\fP/ Substitute .I new for the first occurrence of .I old -in the event line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The -final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the -event line. The delimiter may be quoted in +in the event line. +Any character may be used as the delimiter in place of /. +The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the +event line. +The delimiter may be quoted in .I old and .I new @@ -7309,7 +7317,8 @@ with a single backslash. If & appears in .IR new , it is replaced by .IR old . -A single backslash will quote the &. If +A single backslash will quote the &. +If .I old is null, it is set to the last .I old @@ -7333,7 +7342,8 @@ if it is the last character of the event line. An \fBa\fP may be used as a synonym for \fBg\fP. .TP .B G -Apply the following `\fBs\fP' modifier once to each word in the event line. +Apply the following `\fBs\fP' or `\fB&\fP' modifier once to each word +in the event line. .PD .SH "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS" .\" start of bash_builtins diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 96a26e63..5bc7f3f9 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 4e6809f2..48fafaec 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 20 14:44:44 2019 +%%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 +%%CreationDate: Fri Nov 15 08:54:44 2019 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol -%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 +%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 4 %%Pages: 81 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ %%PageMedia: Default %%EndDefaults %%BeginProlog -%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.22 3 +%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.22 4 %!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-ProcSet /setpacking where{ pop @@ -264,21 +264,21 @@ F0 2.718(,c)C .218(an be used as options when the shell is in)-2.718 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.718(d. 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See)B F3 .333(SEE ALSO)2.833 F @@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ F4(INV)72 463.2 Q(OCA)-.493 E(TION)-1.04 E F0(A)108 475.2 Q F2(lo)2.5 E (guments \(unless)-.18 F F12.734 E F0 .233 (is speci\214ed\) and without the)2.734 F F12.733 E F0 .509(optio\ n whose standard input and error are both connected to terminals \(as d\ -etermined by)108 504 R F2(isatty)3.01 E F0 .51(\(3\)\), or one).32 F +etermined by)108 504 R F2(isatty)3.019 E F0 .509(\(3\)\), or one).32 F .946(started with the)108 516 R F13.445 E F0(option.)3.445 E F3 (PS1)5.945 E F0 .945(is set and)3.195 F F1<24ad>3.445 E F0(includes) 3.445 E F1(i)3.445 E F0(if)3.445 E F1(bash)3.445 E F0 .945(is interacti) @@ -438,10 +438,11 @@ etermined by)108 504 R F2(isatty)3.01 E F0 .51(\(3\)\), or one).32 F (~/.bash_lo)2.748 E(gin)-.1 E F0 2.748(,a)C(nd)-2.748 E F2(~/.pr)2.748 E (o\214le)-.45 E F0 2.748(,i)C 2.749(nt)-2.748 G .249(hat order)-2.749 F 2.749(,a)-.4 G .249(nd reads and e)-2.749 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .249 -(cutes commands from).15 F .797(the \214rst 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v)-.15 -F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(2) -190.115 E 0 Cg EP +F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(2) +195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -493,10 +494,10 @@ F2(bash)3.417 E F0 .917(is in)3.417 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.417(dw) (ve s)-.25 H 1.264(hell with the).15 F F2(\255\255login)3.764 E F0 1.264 (option, it \214rst attempts to read and e)3.764 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.263 (cute commands).15 F(from)108 184.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/pr) -4.142 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(and)3.172 E F4(~/.pr)2.992 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 -2.992(,i).18 G 2.992(nt)-2.992 G .492(hat order)-2.992 F 5.492(.T)-.55 G -(he)-5.492 E F2(\255\255nopr)2.992 E(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .493 -(option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.993 F(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E +4.173 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(and)3.203 E F4(~/.pr)2.523 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 +3.023(,i).18 G 3.024(nt)-3.023 G .524(hat order)-3.024 F 5.524(.T)-.55 G +(he)-5.524 E F2(\255\255nopr)3.024 E(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .524 +(option may be used to inhibit this beha)3.024 F(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .418(When in)108 196.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.918(da).1 G 2.918 (sa)-2.918 G 2.918(ni)-2.918 G(nteracti)-2.918 E .718 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .418(hell with the name).15 F F2(sh)2.918 E F0(,)A F2(bash)2.918 E F0 @@ -544,18 +545,17 @@ G(nd)-2.869 E(the)108 350.4 Q F22.919 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 .419 (ut neither)-.2 F F4 -.1(rs)2.919 G(hd).1 E F0(nor)2.919 E F4(sshd)2.919 E F0 .418(generally in)2.919 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G (the shell with those options or allo)108 362.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G -(hem to be speci\214ed.)-2.5 E 1.207 -(If the shell is started with the ef)108 379.2 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.507 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H 1.208 +(hem to be speci\214ed.)-2.5 E .433(If the shell is started with the ef) +108 379.2 R(fecti)-.25 E .733 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .433 (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F -F23.708 E F0 .536(option is not supplied, no startup \214les are \ -read, shell 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H .904(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .904(If the)5.904 F F23.404 E F0 .904(option is supplied at in) 3.404 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .904(cation, the).2 F(startup beha)108 427.2 Q (vior is the same, b)-.2 E(ut the ef)-.2 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u) @@ -598,8 +598,8 @@ F .389(wed by)-.25 F F2(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 722.4 Q (gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E (guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(3)190.115 E 0 -Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(3)195.395 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -608,27 +608,27 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The return v)108 84 Q(alue of a)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(simple command)2.5 E F0 (is its e)2.5 E(xit status, or 128+)-.15 E F1(n)A F0 -(if the command is terminated by signal)3.333 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pipelines)87 100.8 Q F0(A)108 112.8 Q F1(pipeline) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one \ -of the control operators)2.996 F F2(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F2(|&)2.996 -E F0 5.496(.T)C(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 124.8 Q([)144 -141.6 Q F2(time)A F0([)2.5 E F2A F0(]] [ ! ])A F1(command)2.5 E F0 -2.5([[)2.5 G F2(|)-2.5 E/F3 10/Symbol SFA F2(|&)A F0(])A F1 -(command2)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E .244(The standard output of)108 158.4 R -F1(command)2.944 E F0 .243 -(is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.514 F F1(command2) -2.743 E F0 5.243(.T).02 G .243(his connec-)-5.243 F .642 +(if the command is terminated by signal)3.333 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pipelines)87 100.8 Q F0(A)108 112.8 Q F1 +(pipeline)2.996 E F0 .496(is a sequence of one or more commands separat\ +ed by one of the control operators)2.996 F F2(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F2 +(|&)2.996 E F0 5.496(.T)C(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 +124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q F2(time)A F0([)2.5 E F2A F0(]] [ ! ])A F1 +(command)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F2(|)-2.5 E/F3 10/Symbol SFA F2(|&)A +F0(])A F1(command2)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E .232(The standard output of)108 +158.4 R F1(command)2.932 E F0 .232 +(is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.502 F F1(command2) +2.931 E F0 5.231(.T).02 G .231(his connec-)-5.231 F .642 (tion is performed before an)108 170.4 R 3.142(yr)-.15 G .642 (edirections speci\214ed by the command \(see)-3.142 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.143 E F0(belo)2.893 E 3.143(w\). If)-.25 F F2(|&)3.143 -E F0(is)3.143 E(used,)108 182.4 Q F1(command)3.648 E F0 2.248 -.55('s s) -D 1.147(tandard error).55 F 3.647(,i)-.4 G 3.647(na)-3.647 G 1.147 -(ddition to its standard output, is connected to)-3.647 F F1(command2) -3.647 E F0 2.247 -.55('s s)D(tandard).55 E .028 -(input through the pipe; it is shorthand for)108 194.4 R F2 .028(2>&1 |) -2.528 F F0 5.028(.T)C .028 -(his implicit redirection of the standard error to the stan-)-5.028 F +E F0(is)3.143 E(used,)108 182.4 Q F1(command)2.664 E F0 1.264 -.55('s s) +D .164(tandard error).55 F 2.664(,i)-.4 G 2.664(na)-2.664 G .163 +(ddition to its standard output, is connected to)-2.664 F F1(command2) +2.663 E F0 1.263 -.55('s s)D .163(tandard in-).55 F .437 +(put through the pipe; it is shorthand for)108 194.4 R F2 .437(2>&1 |) +2.937 F F0 5.437(.T)C .438 +(his implicit redirection of the standard error to the stan-)-5.437 F (dard output is performed after an)108 206.4 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G (edirections speci\214ed by the command.)-2.5 E .48 (The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 223.2 R .48 @@ -657,27 +657,26 @@ F F1 .303(posix mode)2.803 F F0 2.803(,i)C 2.803(td)-2.803 G .303 (en be)-.1 F .736(gins with a `-'.)-.15 F(The)5.736 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.236 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.986 G .736 (riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.236 -(wt)-.25 G(he)-3.236 E 2.226 +(wt)-.25 G(he)-3.236 E .88 (timing information should be displayed; see the description of)108 336 -R F4(TIMEFORMA)4.725 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)4.475 E F2 2.225(Shell V)4.725 -F(ariables)-.92 E F0(belo)108 348 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .85 -(When the shell is in)108 364.8 R F1 .85(posix mode)3.35 F F0(,)A F2 -(time)3.35 E F0 .85(may be follo)3.35 F .85(wed by a ne)-.25 F 3.35 -(wline. In)-.25 F .85(this case, the shell displays the)3.35 F 1.074 -(total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.)108 -376.8 R(The)6.073 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.573 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.323 G -1.073(riable may be).25 F -(used to specify the format of the time information.)108 388.8 Q .655 +R F4(TIMEFORMA)3.38 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)3.129 E F2 .879(Shell V)3.379 F +(ariables)-.92 E F0(be-)3.379 E(lo)108 348 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .161 +(When the shell is in)108 364.8 R F1 .161(posix mode)2.661 F F0(,)A F2 +(time)2.661 E F0 .161(may be follo)2.661 F .161(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.662 +(wline. In)-.25 F .162(this case, the shell displays the to-)2.662 F +.243(tal user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.) +108 376.8 R(The)5.243 E F4(TIMEFORMA)2.742 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.492 +G .242(riable may be used).25 F +(to specify the format of the time information.)108 388.8 Q .655 (Each command in a pipeline is e)108 405.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .656 (cuted as a separate process \(i.e., in a subshell\).).15 F(See)5.656 E -F4 .656(COMMAND EXE-)3.156 F 1.106(CUTION ENVIR)108 417.6 R(ONMENT)-.27 -E F0 1.106(for a description of a subshell en)3.356 F 3.606 -(vironment. If)-.4 F(the)3.606 E F2(lastpipe)3.606 E F0 1.105 -(option is enabled)3.606 F .744(using the)108 429.6 R F2(shopt)3.244 E -F0 -.2(bu)3.244 G .744(iltin \(see the description of).2 F F2(shopt) -3.245 E F0(belo)3.245 E .745 -(w\), the last element of a pipeline may be run by)-.25 F -(the shell process.)108 441.6 Q F2(Lists)87 458.4 Q F0(A)108 470.4 Q F1 +F4 .656(COMMAND EXE-)3.156 F .051(CUTION ENVIR)108 417.6 R(ONMENT)-.27 E +F0 .051(for a description of a subshell en)2.301 F 2.551(vironment. If) +-.4 F(the)2.551 E F2(lastpipe)2.551 E F0 .05(option is enabled us-)2.551 +F .416(ing the)108 429.6 R F2(shopt)2.916 E F0 -.2(bu)2.916 G .416 +(iltin \(see the description of).2 F F2(shopt)2.916 E F0(belo)2.916 E +.416(w\), the last element of a pipeline may be run by the)-.25 F +(shell process.)108 441.6 Q F2(Lists)87 458.4 Q F0(A)108 470.4 Q F1 (list)2.85 E F0 .35(is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by\ one of the operators)2.85 F F2(;)2.849 E F0(,)A F2(&)2.849 E F0(,)A F2 (&&)2.849 E F0 2.849(,o)C(r)-2.849 E F2(||)2.849 E F0 2.849(,a)C .349 @@ -702,9 +701,9 @@ F .961(wed by)-.25 F F2(;)3.461 E F0(and)3.461 E F2(&)3.461 E F0 3.461 G .778(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F .778(aits for)-.1 F (each command to terminate in turn.)108 580.8 Q (The return status is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .937(AND and OR lists are sequences of one \ -or more pipelines separated by the)108 597.6 R F2(&&)3.437 E F0(and) -3.437 E F2(||)3.437 E F0 .937(control operators,)3.437 F(respecti)108 +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .171(AND and OR lists are sequences of one \ +or more pipelines separated by the)108 597.6 R F2(&&)2.672 E F0(and) +2.672 E F2(||)2.672 E F0 .172(control operators, re-)2.672 F(specti)108 609.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G 2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F1(command1)144 626.4 Q F2(&&) @@ -717,8 +716,8 @@ or more pipelines separated by the)108 597.6 R F2(&&)3.437 E F0(and) (returns a non-zero e)2.935 F .435(xit status.)-.15 F .434 (The return status of AND)5.434 F(and OR lists is the e)108 705.6 Q (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted in the list.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) -135.955 E(4)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +(cuted in the list.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 +E(4)195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -735,17 +734,17 @@ SF(Compound Commands)87 84 Q F0(A)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.053 A F0(\))A F2(list)144 136.8 Q F0 .011(is e)2.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .011 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F .011(vironment \(see)-.4 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF .011(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.511 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0 -(belo)2.262 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 148.8 S 1.064 -(riable assignments and b)1.11 F 1.064(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F -1.064(fect the shell')-.25 F 3.564(se)-.55 G -.4(nv)-3.564 G 1.064 -(ironment do not remain in).4 F(ef)144 160.8 Q -(fect after the command completes.)-.25 E(The return status is the e)5 E -(xit status of)-.15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A({)108 177.6 Q F2(list)2.5 E -F0 2.5(;})C F2(list)144 177.6 Q F0 .401(is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .401(cuted in the current shell en).15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F2(list) -5.401 E F0 .402(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 -F 3.215(semicolon. This)144 189.6 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a) --.25 F F2(gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 +(belo)2.262 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 148.8 S .017 +(riable assignments and b)1.11 F .017(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F .016 +(fect the shell')-.25 F 2.516(se)-.55 G -.4(nv)-2.516 G .016 +(ironment do not remain in ef-).4 F(fect after the command completes.) +144 160.8 Q(The return status is the e)5 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(list) +2.5 E F0(.)A({)108 177.6 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F2(list)144 177.6 Q +F0 .401(is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .401 +(cuted in the current shell en).15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F2(list)5.401 E F0 +.402(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 F 3.215 +(semicolon. This)144 189.6 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F2 +(gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 (he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F2(list) 3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 201.6 R 2.719(et) -.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F1(\()2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1 @@ -765,23 +764,22 @@ E(\(\()108 242.4 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 n status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(is 1.)144 278.4 Q (This is e)5 E(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(let ") 2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(")A F0(.)A F1([[)108 295.2 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(]])2.5 E F0 1.299 +F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(]])2.5 E F0 .003 (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 307.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.3(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.8 G -(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(.)A 2.274 -(Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 319.2 R -4.773(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.773 E F3(CONDITION)4.773 E 2.273(AL EXPRES-)-.18 -F(SIONS)144 331.2 Q F4(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)5.632 G 1.133 -(rd splitting and pathname e).8 F 1.133 -(xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F 1.133(ords between the)-.1 F -F1([[)3.633 E F0(and)144 343.2 Q F1(]])2.964 E F0 2.964(;t)C .464 -(ilde e)-2.964 F .464(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .464(ariable e) --.25 F .463(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .463 -(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.081 -(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 355.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G -3.581(la).25 G 1.081(re performed.)-3.581 F 1.081 -(Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F13.581 E F0 -(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 367.2 Q +.003(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.504 +G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.004(.E)C(x-)-5.004 E .759 +(pressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 319.2 R +3.258(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.258 E F3(CONDITION)3.258 E .758(AL EXPRESSIONS) +-.18 F F4(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)144 331.2 S .028(rd splitting and pathname e).8 +F .029(xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F .029(ords between the) +-.1 F F1([[)2.529 E F0(and)2.529 E F1(]])2.529 E F0 2.529(;t)C(ilde) +-2.529 E -.15(ex)144 343.2 S 3.969(pansion, parameter and v).15 F 3.969 +(ariable e)-.25 F 3.969(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.968 +(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F .57 +(process substitution, and quote remo)144 355.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.071 +(la).25 G .571(re performed.)-3.071 F .571 +(Conditional operators such as)5.571 F F13.071 E F0 .571(must be) +3.071 F(unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 367.2 Q (When used with)144 385.2 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E (xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .503(When the)144 @@ -790,18 +788,18 @@ e used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pat-) 3.002 F .81(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 415.2 R 3.31(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.31 E F1 -.1(Pa)3.31 G(tter).1 E 3.31(nM) -.15 G(atching)-3.31 E F0 3.31(,a)C 3.31(si)-3.31 G 3.31(ft)-3.31 G(he) --3.31 E F1(ext-)3.31 E(glob)144 427.2 Q F0 1.39 -(shell option were enabled.)3.89 F(The)6.39 E F1(=)3.889 E F0 1.389 -(operator is equi)3.889 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.389(lent to).25 F F1(==)3.889 -E F0 6.389(.I)C 3.889(ft)-6.389 G(he)-3.889 E F1(nocasematch)3.889 E F0 -(shell)3.889 E .271 -(option is enabled, the match is performed without re)144 439.2 R -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .272(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F(The)5.272 -E 1.068(return v)144 451.2 R 1.068(alue is 0 if the string matches \() --.25 F F1(==)A F0 3.568(\)o)C 3.568(rd)-3.568 G 1.068(oes not match \() --3.568 F F1(!=)A F0 3.568(\)t)C 1.067(he pattern, and 1 otherwise.) --3.568 F(An)144 463.2 Q 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted \ -to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 +-3.31 E F1(ext-)3.31 E(glob)144 427.2 Q F0 .313 +(shell option were enabled.)2.814 F(The)5.313 E F1(=)2.813 E F0 .313 +(operator is equi)2.813 F -.25(va)-.25 G .313(lent to).25 F F1(==)2.813 +E F0 5.313(.I)C 2.813(ft)-5.313 G(he)-2.813 E F1(nocasematch)2.813 E F0 +.313(shell op-)2.813 F .029 +(tion is enabled, the match is performed without re)144 439.2 R -.05(ga) +-.15 G .03(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .03(The re-) +5.03 F .259(turn v)144 451.2 R .259(alue is 0 if the string matches \() +-.25 F F1(==)A F0 2.759(\)o)C 2.759(rd)-2.759 G .259(oes not match \() +-2.759 F F1(!=)A F0 2.759(\)t)C .259(he pattern, and 1 otherwise.)-2.759 +F(An)5.258 E(y)-.15 E(part of the pattern may be quoted to force the qu\ +oted portion to be matched as a string.)144 463.2 Q .243 (An additional binary operator)144 481.2 R(,)-.4 E F1(=~)2.743 E F0 2.743(,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243 (ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F1(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E @@ -828,312 +826,322 @@ G -.1(ge)-.03 G(xec)-.1 E F0(interf)5.124 E 2.624 2.943(,s)-.65 G .443(ince normal quoting)-2.943 F .614 (characters lose their meanings between brack)144 577.2 R 3.115(ets. If) -.1 F .615(the pattern is stored in a shell v)3.115 F .615 -(ariable, quot-)-.25 F .413(ing the v)144 589.2 R .413(ariable e)-.25 F -.413(xpansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string.)-.15 -F .412(Substrings matched)5.412 F 2.076(by parenthesized sube)144 601.2 -R 2.076(xpressions within the re)-.15 F 2.077(gular e)-.15 F 2.077 -(xpression are sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 4.577(di).15 G 4.577(nt)-4.577 G -2.077(he array v)-4.577 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)144 613.2 S(SH_REMA) -.27 E(TCH)-.855 E F4(.)A F0 1.403(The element of)5.904 F F3 -.27(BA) -3.903 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 1.403(with inde)3.653 F 3.903(x0i) --.15 G 3.903(st)-3.903 G 1.403(he portion of the string)-3.903 F .187 -(matching the entire re)144 625.2 R .188(gular e)-.15 F 2.688 -(xpression. The)-.15 F .188(element of)2.688 F F3 -.27(BA)2.688 G -(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 .188(with inde)2.438 F(x)-.15 E F2(n)2.688 -E F0 .188(is the por)2.688 F(-)-.2 E(tion of the string matching the)144 -637.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 655.2 R .785 +(ariable, quot-)-.25 F(ing the v)144 589.2 Q(ariable e)-.25 E +(xpansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string.)-.15 E +.839(The pattern will match if it matches an)144 607.2 R 3.339(yp)-.15 G +.838(art of the string.)-3.339 F .838(Anchor the pattern using the)5.838 +F F1(^)3.338 E F0(and)3.338 E F1($)3.338 E F0(re)144 619.2 Q .846 +(gular e)-.15 F .846 +(xpression operators to force it to match the entire string.)-.15 F .846 +(The array v)5.846 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)3.347 G(SH_RE-).27 E(MA) +144 631.2 Q(TCH)-.855 E F0 .322 +(records which parts of the string matched the pattern.)2.572 F .321 +(The element of)5.321 F F3 -.27(BA)2.821 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 +.582(with inde)144 643.2 R 3.082(x0c)-.15 G .582 +(ontains the portion of the string matching the entire re)-3.082 F .583 +(gular e)-.15 F 3.083(xpression. Substrings)-.15 F .25 +(matched by parenthesized sube)144 655.2 R .249 +(xpressions within the re)-.15 F .249(gular e)-.15 F .249 +(xpression are sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.749(di).15 G 2.749(nt)-2.749 G +.249(he remaining)-2.749 F F3 -.27(BA)144 667.2 S(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH) +-.855 E F0 1.13(indices. The element of)3.38 F F3 -.27(BA)3.63 G +(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 1.13(with inde)3.38 F(x)-.15 E F2(n)3.63 E +F0 1.13(is the portion of the)3.63 F(string matching the)144 679.2 Q F2 +(n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 697.2 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 -667.2 Q F1(\()144 685.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)) -2.5 E F0 .522(Returns the v)180 697.2 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex) -3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) --5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F -(operators.)180 709.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 -E(5)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +709.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(5)195.395 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(!)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 -(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2(ex)144 108 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F1 -(&&)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 120 S -(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 -132 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F1(||)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 144 S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 -E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 160.8 Q F1(&&)3.641 E F0(and)3.641 E F1(||) -3.641 E F0 1.141(operators do not e)3.641 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E -F2 -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 1.141(if the v)3.641 F 1.14 -(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.64 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 1.14(is suf) -3.64 F 1.14(\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 172.8 Q +SF(\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 +E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .522(Returns the v)180 96 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2 +(ex)3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522 +(his may be used to o)-5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522 +(rride the normal precedence of).15 F(operators.)180 108 Q F1(!)144 120 +Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 132 S(ue if).35 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2 +(ex)144 144 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F1(&&)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 156 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2) +-.37 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 168 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F1 +(||)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 180 S +(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 196.8 +Q F1(&&)2.676 E F0(and)2.676 E F1(||)2.676 E F0 .175(operators do not e) +2.676 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E F2 -.2(ex)2.675 G(pr).2 E(ession2) +-.37 E F0 .175(if the v)2.675 F .175(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.675 G +(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .175(is suf)2.675 F .175(\214cient to de-) +-.25 F(termine the return v)144 208.8 Q (alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F1 -.25(fo) -108 189.6 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2 +108 225.6 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2 (wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5(]];])2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 -E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .423(The list of w)144 201.6 R .423 +E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .423(The list of w)144 237.6 R .423 (ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.923 E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423 (xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable) -.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424(is set to)2.924 F .653 -(each element of this list in turn, and)144 213.6 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 +(each element of this list in turn, and)144 249.6 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653 (If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 (is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .648(command e) -144 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 .648 +144 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 .648 (once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).) --.25 E .154(The return status is the e)144 237.6 R .153 +-.25 E .154(The return status is the e)144 273.6 R .153 (xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653 (cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F -(follo)144 249.6 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 +(follo)144 285.6 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 266.4 S(r).25 E +(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 302.4 S(r).25 E F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 E F2 (list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.235(First, the arithmetic e) -144 278.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) +144 314.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) 3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236 (luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-3.736 E F3 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 290.4 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) +(nder)-3.736 E F3 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 326.4 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) -.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .562(The arithmetic e) 5.062 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F0 .561(is then e) 3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G .561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144 -302.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F +338.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 (luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e) 3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144 -314.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F +350.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 (xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G 2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G -.228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 326.4 R .227 +.228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 362.4 R .227 (alue is the e)-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 (list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f) .15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 -E -.15(ex)144 338.4 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1 -(select)108 355.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) +E -.15(ex)144 374.4 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1 +(select)108 391.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) -.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 -.433(The list of w)144 367.2 R .433(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) +.433(The list of w)144 403.2 R .433(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) 2.933 E F0 .432(is e)2.933 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.) -.15 F .432(The set of e)5.432 F .432(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .842 -(is printed on the standard error)144 379.2 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 +(is printed on the standard error)144 415.2 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 (ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) -3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .843 (is omitted, the posi-)3.343 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) -144 391.2 R F3 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 +144 427.2 R F3 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 (w\). The)-.25 F F3(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201(prompt is then displayed and a) -2.451 F .213(line read from the standard input.)144 403.2 R .213 +2.451 F .213(line read from the standard input.)144 439.2 R .213 (If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.213 -F 1.538(played w)144 415.2 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of) +F 1.538(played w)144 451.2 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of) -.25 F F2(name)4.398 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.218 F 4.037(ord. If) -.1 F 1.537(the line is empty)4.037 F 4.037(,t)-.65 G 1.537(he w)-4.037 -F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 427.2 R 2.565 +F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 463.2 R 2.565 (ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.565 F(An) 5.066 E 2.566(yo)-.15 G .066(ther v)-2.566 F .066(alue read causes)-.25 -F F2(name)144.36 439.2 Q F0 .954(to be set to null.)3.634 F .954 +F F2(name)144.36 475.2 Q F0 .954(to be set to null.)3.634 F .954 (The line read is sa)5.954 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.453(di).15 G 3.453(nt) -3.453 G .953(he v)-3.453 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.453 E(Y)-.828 E F4 (.)A F0(The)5.453 E F2(list)3.543 E F0 .953(is e)4.133 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.953(cuted after).15 F .071(each selection until a)144 451.2 R F1(br) +.953(cuted after).15 F .071(each selection until a)144 487.2 R F1(br) 2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 (cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1(select) 2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .072(xit status of the)-.15 F -(last command e)144 463.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E +(last command e)144 499.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.59 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 480 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 E +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 516 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 (pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) -2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 492 Q F1(case)3.265 E F0 .764 +2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 528 Q F1(case)3.265 E F0 .764 (command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F -F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F 2.217 -(matching rules described under)144 504 R F1 -.1(Pa)4.717 G(tter).1 E -4.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.717 E F0(belo)4.717 E 6.018 -.65(w. T)-.25 H -(he).65 E F2(wor)4.718 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.218(is e)4.718 F 2.218 -(xpanded using tilde)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 516 S 3.969 -(pansion, parameter and v).15 F 3.969(ariable e)-.25 F 3.969 -(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.968(xpansion, command substitution,) --.15 F .041(process substitution and quote remo)144 528 R -.25(va)-.15 G -2.542(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)2.542 E F0 -.15(ex)2.542 G .042 -(amined is e).15 F .042(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .8 -(parameter and v)144 540 R .8(ariable e)-.25 F .8 -(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .8 -(xpansion, command substitution, and process sub-)-.15 F 2.582 -(stitution. If)144 552 R(the)2.582 E F1(nocasematch)2.582 E F0 .083 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.582 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .083(rd to the).05 F .279(case of alphabetic characters.)144 -564 R .279(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.279 F F2(list) -2.779 E F0 .278(is e)2.779 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.778(cuted. If).15 F(the) -2.778 E F1(;;)2.778 E F0 .812(operator is used, no subsequent matches a\ -re attempted after the \214rst pattern match.)144 576 R(Using)5.812 E F1 -(;&)3.312 E F0(in)3.312 E .008(place of)144 588 R F1(;;)2.507 E F0 .007 -(causes e)2.507 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to continue with the).15 F -F2(list)2.507 E F0 .007(associated with the ne)2.507 F .007 -(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.007 E F1(;;&)144 600 Q F0 .56 -(in place of)3.06 F F1(;;)3.06 E F0 .56(causes the shell to test the ne) -3.06 F .561(xt pattern list in the statement, if an)-.15 F 1.861 -.65 -(y, a)-.15 H .561(nd e).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute).15 E(an)144 612 Q -2.824(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-2.824 E F2(list)2.824 E F0 .323 -(on a successful match, continuing the case statement e)2.824 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .323(cution as if the pattern).15 F .46(list had not matched.)144 -624 R .46(The e)5.46 F .46(xit status is zero if no pattern matches.) --.15 F .46(Otherwise, it is the e)5.46 F .46(xit status)-.15 F -(of the last command e)144 636 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list) -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 652.8 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2 -(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;[)C F1(elif)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2 -(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 664.8 Q F1(if)2.978 E F2(list)3.068 E F0 .478 -(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F -.478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 -.478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each) -2.978 E F1(elif)2.977 E F2(list)2.977 E F0 1.087(is e)144 676.8 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 +F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F .883 +(matching rules described under)144 540 R F1 -.1(Pa)3.384 G(tter).1 E +3.384(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.384 E F0(belo)3.384 E 4.684 -.65(w. T)-.25 H +(he).65 E F2(wor)3.384 E(d)-.37 E F0 .884(is e)3.384 F .884 +(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .95(pansion, parameter and v)144 +552 R .95(ariable e)-.25 F .95(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .95 +(xpansion, command substitution, process)-.15 F .18 +(substitution and quote remo)144 564 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.681(l. Each).25 +F F2(pattern)2.681 E F0 -.15(ex)2.681 G .181(amined is e).15 F .181 +(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F .181(xpansion, param-)-.15 F .103 +(eter and v)144 576 R .103(ariable e)-.25 F .103(xpansion, arithmetic e) +-.15 F .103(xpansion, command substitution, and process substitution.) +-.15 F .686(If the)144 588 R F1(nocasematch)3.186 E F0 .687 +(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.187 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .687(rd to the case of).05 F .464(alphabetic characters.)144 +600 R .464(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.464 F F2(list) +2.964 E F0 .464(is e)2.964 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.964(cuted. If).15 F(the) +2.964 E F1(;;)2.964 E F0(opera-)2.964 E .674(tor is used, no subsequent\ + matches are attempted after the \214rst pattern match.)144 612 R(Using) +5.675 E F1(;&)3.175 E F0 .675(in place)3.175 F(of)144 624 Q F1(;;)2.867 +E F0 .367(causes e)2.867 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .367 +(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)2.867 E F0 .366 +(associated with the ne)2.866 F .366(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using) +5.366 E F1(;;&)2.866 E F0 .595(in place of)144 636 R F1(;;)3.095 E F0 +.595(causes the shell to test the ne)3.095 F .596 +(xt pattern list in the statement, if an)-.15 F 1.896 -.65(y, a)-.15 H +.596(nd e).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .596(cute an).15 F(y)-.15 E(associated) +144 648 Q F2(list)2.961 E F0 .461 +(on a successful match, continuing the case statement e)2.961 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .46(cution as if the pattern list).15 F .676(had not matched.)144 +660 R .676(The e)5.676 F .677(xit status is zero if no pattern matches.) +-.15 F .677(Otherwise, it is the e)5.677 F .677(xit status of)-.15 F +(the last command e)144 672 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(if)108 688.8 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list) +2.5 E F0 2.5(;[)C F1(elif)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list) +2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C +F1<8c>A F0(The)144 700.8 Q F1(if)2.978 E F2(list)3.068 E F0 .478(is e) +3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F .478 +(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 .478 +(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E +F1(elif)2.977 E F2(list)2.977 E F0 1.087(is e)144 712.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.087(cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 (xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F1(then)3.587 E F2(list) 3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted and the).15 F -.104(command completes.)144 688.8 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F1(else) -2.603 E F2(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 -(cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) --.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 700.8 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(6)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +1.24(command completes.)144 724.8 R 1.24(Otherwise, the)6.24 F F1(else) +3.74 E F2(list)3.74 E F0 1.239(is e)3.739 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.239 +(cuted, if present.).15 F 1.239(The e)6.239 F 1.239(xit status is the e) +-.15 F(xit)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(6) +195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(while)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 -E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E(until)108 96 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0 -(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 108 Q -F1(while)3.45 E F0 .95(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95 -(cutes the list).15 F F2(list-2)3.45 E F0 .95 -(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F F2(list-1)144 120 Q F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(status of the last command e)144 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(while)108 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 +E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E(until)108 112.8 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E +F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 124.8 +Q F1(while)3.45 E F0 .95(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.95(cutes the list).15 F F2(list-2)3.45 E F0 .95 +(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F F2(list-1)144 136.8 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F1 (until)2.705 E F0 .205(command is identical to the)2.705 F F1(while) 2.705 E F0 .205(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .599 -(that the test is ne)144 132 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F2(list-2)3.189 -E F0 .599(is e)3.119 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .6 +(that the test is ne)144 148.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F2(list-2) +3.189 E F0 .599(is e)3.119 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .6 (cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F2(list-1)3.19 E F0 .6 -(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 144 S .205(it status.).15 F .205 +(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 160.8 S .205(it status.).15 F .205 (The e)5.205 F .205(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while)2.705 E F0(and) 2.705 E F1(until)2.704 E F0 .204(commands is the e)2.704 F .204 -(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 156 S(cuted in).15 E -F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e)-.1 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(Copr)87 172.8 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0(A)108 -184.8 Q F2(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 +(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 172.8 S(cuted in).15 +E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) +-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(Copr)87 189.6 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0 +(A)108 201.6 Q F2(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 (is a shell command preceded by the)3.712 F F1(copr)3.713 E(oc)-.18 E F0 (reserv)3.713 E 1.213(ed w)-.15 F 3.713(ord. A)-.1 F 1.213 (coprocess is e)3.713 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.213(cuted asyn-).15 F .575(chr\ onously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) -108 196.8 R F1(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G -.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 208.8 S 2.5(yp).1 G +108 213.6 R F1(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G +.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 225.6 S 2.5(yp).1 G (ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The format for a coprocess is:) -108 225.6 Q F1(copr)144 242.4 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 +108 242.4 Q F1(copr)144 259.2 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 -E F0(])A .708(This creates a coprocess named)108 259.2 R F2 -.27(NA) -3.208 G(ME).27 E F0 5.708(.I)C(f)-5.708 E F2 -.27(NA)3.208 G(ME).27 E F0 -.708(is not supplied, the def)3.208 F .708(ault name is)-.1 F F1(COPR) -3.209 E(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.709 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 -(must not be supplied if)108 271.2 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 -F F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.64(\); otherwise, it is interpreted as the \214rst).15 F -.1(wo)108 -283.2 S 1.44(rd of the simple command.).1 F 1.44 -(When the coprocess is e)6.44 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.44 -(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F 1.44(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)108 295.2 Q F0(belo)3.671 E 1.171(w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA) -3.671 G(ME).27 E F0 1.171(in the conte)3.671 F 1.171(xt of the e)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.171(cuting shell.).15 F 1.17(The standard output of) -6.17 F F2(command)3.87 E F0(is)4.44 E 2.029 -(connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 307.2 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.029 -(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F2 -.27 -(NA)108 319.2 S(ME).27 E F0 3.857([0]. The)B 1.357(standard input of) -3.857 F F2(command)4.057 E F0 1.356 -(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)4.627 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .103 -(shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to)108 331.2 R F2 -.27 -(NA)2.603 G(ME).27 E F0 2.603([1]. This)B .103 -(pipe is established before an)2.603 F 2.604(yr)-.15 G .104 -(edirections spec-)-2.604 F 1.272(i\214ed by the command \(see)108 343.2 -R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.771 E F0(belo)3.521 E 3.771 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.271(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.771 F -1.271(guments to)-.18 F 1.719 -(shell commands and redirections using standard w)108 355.2 R 1.719 -(ord e)-.1 F 4.219(xpansions. Other)-.15 F 1.72(than those created to e) -4.219 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute).15 E .945 -(command and process substitutions, the \214le descriptors are not a)108 -367.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .945(ilable in subshells.).25 F .944 -(The process ID of)5.944 F .597(the shell spa)108 379.2 R .597 -(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .597(cute the coprocess is a).15 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G .597(ilable as the v).25 F .597(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable) --.25 E F2 -.27(NA)3.097 G(ME).27 E F0 3.097(_PID. The)B F1(wait)3.098 E -F0 -.2(bu)108 391.2 S(iltin command may be used to w).2 E +E F0(])A .708(This creates a coprocess named)108 276 R F2 -.27(NA)3.208 +G(ME).27 E F0 5.708(.I)C(f)-5.708 E F2 -.27(NA)3.208 G(ME).27 E F0 .708 +(is not supplied, the def)3.208 F .708(ault name is)-.1 F F1(COPR)3.209 +E(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.709 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 +(must not be supplied if)108 288 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 F +F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .64 +(\); otherwise, it is interpreted as the \214rst).15 F -.1(wo)108 300 S +.348(rd of the simple command.).1 F .348(When the coprocess is e)5.348 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .348(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F .349 +(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Ar)2.849 E(-)-.37 E(rays)108 312 Q F0(belo) +3.096 E .596(w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA)3.096 G(ME).27 E F0 .596 +(in the conte)3.096 F .595(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .595 +(cuting shell.).15 F .595(The standard output of)5.595 F F2(command) +3.295 E F0 .595(is con-)3.865 F .387 +(nected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 324 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .387(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 +F F2 -.27(NA)2.887 G(ME).27 E F0([0].)A .571(The standard input of)108 +336 R F2(command)3.271 E F0 .57 +(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)3.841 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .57(cuting shell, and that).15 F 1.22 +(\214le descriptor is assigned to)108 348 R F2 -.27(NA)3.72 G(ME).27 E +F0 3.721([1]. This)B 1.221(pipe is established before an)3.721 F 3.721 +(yr)-.15 G 1.221(edirections speci\214ed by the)-3.721 F 1.581 +(command \(see)108 360 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)4.081 E F0 +(belo)3.831 E 4.081(w\). The)-.25 F 1.58 +(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)4.081 F 1.58 +(guments to shell com-)-.18 F .148 +(mands and redirections using standard w)108 372 R .148(ord e)-.1 F +2.649(xpansions. Other)-.15 F .149(than those created to e)2.649 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .149(cute command and).15 F 2.463 +(process substitutions, the \214le descriptors are not a)108 384 R -.25 +(va)-.2 G 2.463(ilable in subshells.).25 F 2.462 +(The process ID of the shell)7.463 F(spa)108 396 Q 1.115(wned to e)-.15 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.115(cute the coprocess is a).15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.115 +(ilable as the v).25 F 1.115(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -.27 +(NA)3.615 G(ME).27 E F0 3.615(_PID. The)B F1(wait)3.615 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.615 G(iltin).2 E(command may be used to w)108 408 Q (ait for the coprocess to terminate.)-.1 E .336 -(Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 408 -R F1(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .335(command al)2.835 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .335 -(ys returns success.).1 F(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 -420 Q(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 436.8 Q F0 2.697(As)108 448.8 S .198 +(Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 +424.8 R F1(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .335(command al)2.835 F -.1(wa)-.1 +G .335(ys returns success.).1 F +(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 436.8 Q(xit status of) +-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 453.6 +Q F0 2.697(As)108 465.6 S .198 (hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.697 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G .198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 -(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 460.8 S .5 -.25(ew s) +(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 477.6 S .5 -.25(ew s) -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E -(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(name)108 477.6 +(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(name)108 494.4 Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C -(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F1(function)108 489.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F1(function)108 506.4 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 ([\(\)])2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir) -.37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 -501.6 R F2(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402 -(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F -1.402(If the)6.402 F F1(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 513.6 Q .162 -(ed w)-.15 F .162(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F -(The)5.162 E F2(body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound) -2.662 F(command)144 525.6 Q F2(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see) -3.354 E F1 .084(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.584(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F2(list)144 537.6 -Q F0 .044(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F +.37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A .402(This de\214nes a function named)144 +518.4 R F2(name)2.902 E F0 5.402(.T)C .402(he reserv)-5.402 F .402(ed w) +-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(function)2.902 E F0 .402(is optional.)2.902 F .402 +(If the)5.402 F F1(function)2.902 E F0(re-)2.902 E(serv)144 530.4 Q .68 +(ed w)-.15 F .68(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F +(The)5.68 E F2(body)3.18 E F0 .68(of the function is the compound)3.18 F +(command)144 542.4 Q F2(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see)3.354 E F1 +.084(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.584 +(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F2(list)144 554.4 Q F0 +.044(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F1 .044 -(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.902(,w) +(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 566.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.902(,w) .15 G .402(ith one e)-2.902 F .402(xception: If the)-.15 F F1(function) 2.901 E F0(reserv)2.901 E .401(ed w)-.15 F .401(ord is used, b)-.1 F .401(ut the parentheses are not sup-)-.2 F .047 -(plied, the braces are required.)144 561.6 R F2(compound\255command) +(plied, the braces are required.)144 578.4 R F2(compound\255command) 5.047 E F0 .047(is e)2.547 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .047(cuted whene).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2(name)2.547 E F0 .047(is speci\214ed as the)2.547 F -1.68(name of a simple command.)144 573.6 R 1.68(When in)6.68 F F2 1.68 +1.68(name of a simple command.)144 590.4 R 1.68(When in)6.68 F F2 1.68 (posix mode)4.18 F F0(,)A F2(name)4.179 E F0 1.679 -(may not be the name of one of the)4.179 F(POSIX)144 585.6 Q F2 .014 +(may not be the name of one of the)4.179 F(POSIX)144 602.4 Q F2 .014 (special b)2.513 F(uiltins)-.2 E F0 5.014(.A)C .314 -.15(ny r)-5.014 H .014(edirections \(see).15 F F3(REDIRECTION)2.514 E F0(belo)2.264 E .014 (w\) speci\214ed when a function is)-.25 F 1.12 -(de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 +(de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.619(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.619 G 1.119 (it status of a function de\214nition is).15 F .217(zero unless a synta\ x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 -609.6 R 2.717(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 621.6 S .546(cuted, the e) +626.4 R 2.717(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 638.4 S .546(cuted, the e) .15 F .546(xit status of a function is the e)-.15 F .545 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 -(cuted in the body).15 F(.)-.65 E(\(See)144 633.6 Q F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E +(cuted in the body).15 F(.)-.65 E(\(See)144 650.4 Q F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMENTS)72 650.4 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 662.4 R 1.282 -.15 +(COMMENTS)72 667.2 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 679.2 R 1.282 -.15 (ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F1(interacti)3.482 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F1(shopt)3.482 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 674.4 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.452 F +(bu)108 691.2 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.452 F (UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)3.451 E F0 .951 (causes that w)3.451 F(ord)-.1 E .604 -(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 686.4 R +(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 703.2 R .605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) -.15 F F1(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 698.4 Q F0 -1.337(option enabled does not allo)3.837 F 3.837(wc)-.25 G 3.836 -(omments. The)-3.837 F F1(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 -710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(7)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +.15 F F1(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 715.2 Q F0 +.34(option enabled does not allo)2.84 F 2.84(wc)-.25 G 2.84 +(omments. The)-2.84 F F1(interacti)2.84 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 +.34(option is on by def)2.84 F .34(ault in in-)-.1 F(teracti)108 727.2 Q +.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30) +141.235 E(7)195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1160,19 +1168,19 @@ R F2(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo) (,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C (ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E (xpansion.)-.15 E(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 194.4 Q F2 -(escape c)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G -(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 211.2 S .474 -(on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F F4(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 -G(he)-2.974 E F2 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 -(.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474(es the literal v)-.15 F -.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 223.2 +(escape c)2.69 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G +(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.962(An)108 211.2 S .463 +(on-quoted backslash \()-2.962 F F4(\\)A F0 2.963(\)i)C 2.963(st)-2.963 +G(he)-2.963 E F2 .463(escape c)3.153 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.463 +(.I).73 G 2.963(tp)-5.463 G(reserv)-2.963 E .463(es the literal v)-.15 F +.463(alue of the ne)-.25 F .463(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 223.2 Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of . If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F4(\\)4.053 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.122 -(quoted, the)108 235.2 R F4(\\)3.622 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F .347 +(quoted, the)108 235.2 R F4(\\)2.847 E F0( is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.123(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F -(ef)108 247.2 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.848(df).15 G .348(rom the input stream and ef-)-2.848 F +(fecti)108 247.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 (Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 264 R .295 (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E @@ -1185,13 +1193,13 @@ G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 F4(\\)2.608 E F0 2.608(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.608 F .107 (xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F4(!)2.607 E F0 5.107(.W)C .107 (hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F2 .107(posix mode)2.607 F F0 2.607(,t)C -(he)-2.607 E F4(!)2.607 E F0 .107(has no)2.607 F 1.397 -(special meaning within double quotes, e)108 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.897(nw).15 G 1.397(hen history e)-3.897 F 1.397(xpansion is enabled.) --.15 F 1.398(The characters)6.398 F F4($)3.898 E F0(and)3.898 E F4<92> -3.898 E F0 .045(retain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 -328.8 R .044(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-) -5.045 F(lo)108 340.8 Q .601(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 +(he)-2.607 E F4(!)2.607 E F0 .107(has no)2.607 F .46 +(special meaning within double quotes, e)108 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.96 +(nw).15 G .46(hen history e)-2.96 F .46(xpansion is enabled.)-.15 F .46 +(The characters)5.46 F F4($)2.96 E F0(and)2.96 E F4<92>2.96 E F0(re-) +2.96 E .563(tain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 328.8 R +.562(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-)5.563 F +(lo)108 340.8 Q .601(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 (wing characters:)-.25 F F4($)3.102 E F0(,)A F4<92>3.102 E F0(,)A F4(") 3.935 E F0(,).833 E F4(\\)3.102 E F0 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F4() 3.102 E F0 5.602(.A)C .602(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .131 @@ -1238,7 +1246,7 @@ ngle-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad) 108 720 S .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F4($)A F0(")A F2(string)A F0 .14 ("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(8)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(8)195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1251,14 +1259,14 @@ BP (If the string is trans-)5.495 F (lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 96 Q/F2 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 112.8 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 124.8 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)4.592 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .842 -(is an entity that stores v)4.072 F 3.342(alues. It)-.25 F .842 -(can be a)3.342 F F3(name)3.343 E F0 3.343(,an).18 G(umber)-3.343 E -3.343(,o)-.4 G 3.343(ro)-3.343 G .843(ne of the special characters) --3.343 F .823(listed belo)108 136.8 R 3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 -.823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.823(.A)C F3(variable)-2.21 E -F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)3.503 F F3(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A) -.18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823(riable has a).25 F F3(value)108 148.8 Q F0 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)4.574 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .824 +(is an entity that stores v)4.054 F 3.324(alues. It)-.25 F .824 +(can be a)3.324 F F3(name)3.685 E F0 3.325(,an).18 G(umber)-3.325 E +3.325(,o)-.4 G 3.325(ro)-3.325 G .825(ne of the special characters) +-3.325 F .802(listed belo)108 136.8 R 3.302(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.302 E F1 +.802(Special P)3.302 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.802(.A)C F3(variable)-2.21 E +F0 .802(is a parameter denoted by a)3.482 F F3(name)3.662 E F0 5.801(.A) +.18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .801(riable has a).25 F F3(value)108 148.8 Q F0 .368(and zero or more)2.868 F F3(attrib)2.868 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C (ttrib)-5.369 E .369(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.869 E (e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.869 G .369(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar) @@ -1337,17 +1345,17 @@ S(lued v).25 E(ariable,)-.25 E F3(value)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E G .883(iltin com-).2 F .316(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 477.6 R F1(declar)2.816 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.816 E F1(local)2.816 E F0(belo)2.816 E .316(w\) to create a)-.25 F F3(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.815(,o)C -2.815(rar)-2.815 G .315(eference to another v)-2.815 F(ari-)-.25 E 4.04 -(able. This)108 489.6 R(allo)4.04 E 1.54(ws v)-.25 F 1.54 -(ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 6.54(.W)-.65 G(hene)-6.54 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.04(rt).15 G 1.54(he nameref v)-4.04 F 1.54 -(ariable is referenced,)-.25 F .54 -(assigned to, unset, or has its attrib)108 501.6 R .54 -(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F3(namer)3.04 -E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.04 E .54(ute itself\),)-.2 F .352 -(the operation is actually performed on the v)108 513.6 R .352 -(ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.852(sv) --.55 G 2.852(alue. A)-3.102 F .352(nameref is)2.852 F .972 +2.815(rar)-2.815 G .315(eference to another v)-2.815 F(ari-)-.25 E 2.918 +(able. This)108 489.6 R(allo)2.918 E .418(ws v)-.25 F .418 +(ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 5.419(.W)-.65 G(hene) +-5.419 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.919(rt).15 G .419(he nameref v)-2.919 F .419 +(ariable is referenced, as-)-.25 F .133 +(signed to, unset, or has its attrib)108 501.6 R .132 +(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F3(namer)2.632 +E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.632 E .132(ute itself\), the)-.2 F 1.356 +(operation is actually performed on the v)108 513.6 R 1.357 +(ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.857(sv) +-.55 G 3.857(alue. A)-4.107 F 1.357(nameref is)3.857 F .972 (commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 525.6 R .971 (ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .971(gument to the)-.18 F 2.5(function. F)108 537.6 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E @@ -1369,16 +1377,16 @@ F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 (will be established for each w)108 621.6 R .509 (ord in the list, in turn, when the loop is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.009 (cuted. Array).15 F -.25(va)3.009 G .509(riables cannot be).25 F(gi)108 -633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.193(nt).15 G(he)-4.193 E F1(namer)4.193 E(ef) --.18 E F0(attrib)4.193 E 4.193(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.493 -.4(r, n).15 H 1.693(ameref v).4 F 1.692 -(ariables can reference array v)-.25 F 1.692(ariables and subscripted) --.25 F .101(array v)108 645.6 R 2.601(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F .101 -(can be unset using the)2.601 F F12.602 E F0 .102(option to the) -2.602 F F1(unset)2.602 E F0 -.2(bu)2.602 G 2.602(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F -(if)2.602 E F1(unset)2.602 E F0 .102(is e)2.602 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -.443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 657.6 R .442 -(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .442 +633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.032(nt).15 G(he)-3.032 E F1(namer)3.032 E(ef) +-.18 E F0(attrib)3.032 E 3.032(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +1.332 -.4(r, n).15 H .532(ameref v).4 F .531 +(ariables can reference array v)-.25 F .531(ariables and subscripted ar) +-.25 F(-)-.2 E .533(ray v)108 645.6 R 3.033(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F +.533(can be unset using the)3.033 F F13.033 E F0 .533 +(option to the)3.033 F F1(unset)3.033 E F0 -.2(bu)3.034 G 3.034 +(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F(if)3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(is e)3.034 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 657.6 +R .442(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .442 (ariable referenced by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E (will be unset.)108 669.6 Q F1 -.2(Po)87 686.4 S(sitional P).2 E (arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 698.4 Q F3 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter) @@ -1389,8 +1397,8 @@ F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 (ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 722.4 Q F1 (set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F -(The)5.834 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(9)190.115 -E 0 Cg EP +(The)5.834 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(9)195.395 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1447,10 +1455,10 @@ Q(If)5 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0 (xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F .413(ord, the e)-.1 F .413 (xpansion of)-.15 F .38(the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)144 321.6 R .379(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .379(ord, and the e) --.1 F .379(xpansion of the)-.15 F 1.774 +-.1 F .379(xpansion of the)-.15 F .771 (last parameter is joined with the last part of the original w)144 333.6 -R 4.274(ord. When)-.1 F 1.774(there are no positional)4.274 F -(parameters, ")144 345.6 Q F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2($@)2.5 E F0 +R 3.271(ord. When)-.1 F .772(there are no positional pa-)3.271 F +(rameters, ")144 345.6 Q F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2($@)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pand to nothing \(i.e., the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 357.6 Q F0 (Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 357.6 Q @@ -1469,20 +1477,20 @@ to the process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, \ whether e)144 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E (as an asynchronous command or using the)144 441.6 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F1(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 453.6 Q F0 1.691 -(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 453.6 R 1.692 -(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F2(bash)4.192 E -F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 465.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F2($0)3.078 E F0 .578 -(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F2(bash)3.077 E -F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F23.077 E F0 .368 -(option, then)144 477.6 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369 -(is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E -(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 489.6 Q -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25 -(iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E -F2(_)108 501.6 Q F0 .055 +(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 453.6 Q F0 .886 +(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 453.6 R .886 +(This is set at shell initialization.)5.886 F(If)5.887 E F2(bash)3.387 E +F0 .887(is in-)3.387 F -.2(vo)144 465.6 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.668(dw).1 G .168 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-2.668 F F2($0)2.668 E F0 .167 +(is set to the name of that \214le.)2.667 F(If)5.167 E F2(bash)2.667 E +F0 .167(is started with the)2.667 F F22.667 E F0(op-)2.667 E .895 +(tion, then)144 477.6 R F2($0)3.395 E F0 .895(is set to the \214rst ar) +3.395 F .895(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .896 +(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.896 E(-)-.2 E +(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 489.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 +H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F2(_)108 +501.6 Q F0 .055 (At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 501.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691(as passed in the en)144 513.6 R .691 @@ -1503,13 +1511,13 @@ E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 607.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 619.2 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 631.2 S .049 (olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.548 F .049(Each w) 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 -(gument for the)-.18 F F22.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 643.2 -R F2(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 -1.398(SHELL B)3.898 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.398(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 -655.2 R F1 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as) -2.726 F F3(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977 -(ft)-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F +(gument for the)-.18 F F22.549 E F0 .116(option to the)144 643.2 R +F2(shopt)2.616 E F0 -.2(bu)2.616 G .116(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .116 +(SHELL B)2.616 F(UIL)-.09 E .116(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.366 E +2.616(w\). The)-.25 F .115(options ap-)2.615 F 1.066(pearing in)144 +655.2 R F1 -.27(BA)3.566 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 1.066(are those reported as) +3.316 F F3(on)3.796 E F0(by)3.807 E F2(shopt)3.567 E F0 6.067(.I)C 3.567 +(ft)-6.067 G 1.067(his v)-3.567 F 1.067(ariable is in the en)-.25 F (vironment)-.4 E(when)144 667.2 Q F2(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 679.2 Q @@ -1523,8 +1531,8 @@ F F1 -.27(BA)3.048 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 727.2 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(10)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(10)190.395 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1551,49 +1559,49 @@ F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 168 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 (or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G 2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 (When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -192 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 204 S .284 -(tended deb).15 F .284(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1 -(extdeb)2.784 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .283(option to the)2.783 F F1(shopt)2.783 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.783 G .283(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 216 Q F1 -(extdeb)3.362 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .862(after the shell has started to e)3.362 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .863(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .863 -(ariable when)-.25 F F1(extdeb)144 228 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 -(is not set, may result in inconsistent v)2.5 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 240 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98(An array v)144 252 R .979 -(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) -3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.979 E -.275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the\ - stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 264 R 1.424 -(call is at the bottom.)144 276 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 -F F2 -.27(BA)144 288 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) -6.697 F F2 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F -2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F .966 -(description of the)144 300 R F1(extdeb)3.466 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 -(option to the)3.466 F F1(shopt)3.466 E F0 -.2(bu)3.466 G .966 -(iltin belo).2 F 3.466(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.965(after the shell)3.465 F .319(has started to e)144 312 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .319(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .319 -(ariable when)-.25 F F1(extdeb)2.82 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .32 -(is not set, may result in)2.82 F(inconsistent v)144 324 Q(alues.)-.25 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .251(When referenced, this v)144 -348 R .251(ariable e)-.25 F .251 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 1.265(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 +192 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.765 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.265(The shell sets)5.765 F F2 -.27(BA)3.765 G +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 1.265(only when in e)3.515 F(x-)-.15 E .948 +(tended deb)144 204 R .947(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 +F F1(extdeb)3.447 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .947(option to the)3.447 F F1(shopt) +3.447 E F0 -.2(bu)3.447 G .947(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 +216 Q F1(extdeb)3.362 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .862 +(after the shell has started to e)3.362 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .863 +(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .863(ariable when)-.25 F F1 +(extdeb)144 228 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(is not set, may result in inconsistent v) +2.5 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 240 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .207(An array v) +144 252 R .206(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current) +-.25 F F1(bash)2.706 E F0 -.15(exe)2.706 G .206(cution call stack.).15 F +.206(The \214-)5.206 F .567(nal parameter of the last subroutine call i\ +s at the top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 264 +R 1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 276 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) +6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 +(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.27(BA)144 288 +S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 .853(The shell sets)5.353 F F2 -.27(BA)3.353 G +(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .853(only when in e)3.103 F .854(xtended deb)-.15 F +.854(ugging mode \(see the de-)-.2 F .476(scription of the)144 300 R F1 +(extdeb)2.976 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .476(option to the)2.976 F F1(shopt)2.975 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.975 G .475(iltin belo).2 F 2.975(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1 +(extdeb)2.975 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .475(after the shell has)2.975 F .45 +(started to e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .45 +(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .45(ariable when)-.25 F F1 +(extdeb)2.95 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .45(is not set, may result in in-)2.95 F +(consistent v)144 324 Q(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_ARGV0).3 E +F0 .251(When referenced, this v)144 348 R .251(ariable e)-.25 F .251 (xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F -F1($0)2.75 E F0 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E 1.224 +F1($0)2.75 E F0 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E .04 (the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.724(\). Assignment).15 F(to)3.724 E F1 -.3(BA)3.724 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 -1.225(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 -(assigned to also be assigned to)144 372 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C -(f)-5.247 E F1 -.3(BA)2.747 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .247 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.747 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n) -.15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 384 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 396 S -(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 408 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .667 -(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal has\ -h table of commands)-.25 F .196(as maintained by the)144 420 R F1(hash) -2.696 E F0 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696(iltin. Elements).2 F .195 +2.541(\). Assignment).15 F(to)2.541 E F1 -.3(BA)2.541 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 +.041(causes the v)2.541 F .041(alue as-)-.25 F .216 +(signed to also be assigned to)144 372 R F1($0)2.716 E F0 5.216(.I)C(f) +-5.216 E F1 -.3(BA)2.716 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .216 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.716 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.715(ni).15 G(f)-2.715 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 384 Q F1 -.3(BA) +108 396 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 408 R .967 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H .667(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the i\ +nternal hash table of commands)-.25 F .196(as maintained by the)144 420 +R F1(hash)2.696 E F0 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696(iltin. Elements).2 F .195 (added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently does no\ t cause command names to be remo)144 432 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G @@ -1636,15 +1644,14 @@ E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006 (he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) -.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 672 R(x)-.15 E F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F -F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 -(sion. This)144 684 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 696 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 708 R .125(ar\ -iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ -shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 720 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E(sion.)144 684 +Q F1 -.3(BA)108 696 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 708 R .125(\ +ariable whose members are the source \214lenames where the correspondin\ +g shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 720 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 (The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A -F0(is)3.281 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(11) -185.115 E 0 Cg EP +F0(is)3.281 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(11)190.395 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1694,20 +1701,20 @@ H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 354 Q F0 1.207 (The current command line.)144 366 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.849(mands in)144 378 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 -(yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 390 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 402 Q F0 .666(The inde) -144 414 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 +1.037(mands in)144 378 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.537(db).1 G 3.537 +(yt)-3.537 G 1.037(he programmable completion f)-3.537 F 1.037 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.537 E 1.037(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(be-)3.537 E(lo)144 390 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 402 Q F0 .666 +(The inde)144 414 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 (he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 (ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 426 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 438 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 -F(in)144 450 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +(${#COMP_LINE})144 438 Q F0 5.704(.T)C .704(his v)-5.704 F .704 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .704 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F .705(xternal commands in-) +-.15 F -.2(vo)144 450 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 462 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 474 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ @@ -1715,20 +1722,20 @@ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) -.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 486 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f) C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t) --.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 498 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592 -(or listing alternati)-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) --4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 -E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 -F 1.591(ord is not)-.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 510 R F2(%)4.052 E -F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F -1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 522 S 2.929 -(ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 -(yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -534 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 546 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 -1.335(The set of characters that the)144 558 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 +-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 498 Q F0 3.068(,f)C .567 +(or listing alternati)-3.068 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.067(so).15 G 3.067(np) +-3.067 G .567(artial w)-3.067 F .567(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)3.067 E +F0 3.067(,t)C 3.067(ol)-3.067 G .567(ist completions if the w)-3.067 F +.567(ord is not un-)-.1 F .417(modi\214ed, or)144 510 R F2(%)2.917 E F0 +2.917(,f)C .417(or menu completion.)-2.917 F .417(This v)5.417 F .417 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .418 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F(xter)-.15 E(-)-.2 E .704 +(nal commands in)144 522 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.204(db).1 G 3.204 +(yt)-3.204 G .704(he programmable completion f)-3.204 F .704 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.204 E .704(ogrammable Comple-)-.18 F +(tion)144 534 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 546 Q(ORDBREAKS) +-.1 E F0 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 558 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 (ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) 144 570 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G @@ -1736,14 +1743,14 @@ F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F (ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 582 Q F1(COMP_W)108 594 Q(ORDS)-.1 E F0 .653(An array v)144 606 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) --.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 618 R -1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 -G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 -630 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 -(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) +-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.192(line. The)144 618 R +.692(line is split into w)3.192 F .692(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.192 G +(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)3.192 G .692(uld split it, using).1 F F3(COMP_W) +3.192 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .691(as de-)2.942 F 1.557(scribed abo)144 +630 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.557(.T).15 G 1.557(his v)-6.557 F 1.557 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.558 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.058 +(db).1 G 4.058(yt)-4.058 G 1.558(he programmable)-4.058 F(completion f) 144 642 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 654 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) 144 666 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E @@ -1751,31 +1758,31 @@ F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 654 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) -.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 678 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) -.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 690 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 702 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 -(w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 714 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 -(members of this array v)144 726 R 1.432 +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 .789(An array v)144 702 R .789(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)3.289 E F0(belo)3.289 E .789 +(w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F(Di-) +5.79 E .099(rectories appear in the stack in the order the)144 714 R +2.599(ya)-.15 G .099(re displayed by the)-2.599 F F1(dirs)2.599 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.599 G 2.598(iltin. Assigning).2 F .098(to mem-)2.598 F .84 +(bers of this array v)144 726 R .84 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E -(12)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +F .84(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)3.34 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(12)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pushd)144 84 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246 -(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746 -(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 F(ariable)-.25 E .35 -(will not change the current directory)144 96 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 108 Q F1(EPOCHREAL) -108 120 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .338 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 132 R .337 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(and)144 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)3.451 E F0 -.2(bu)3.451 G .951 +(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F 1.251 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 3.45 +(irectories. 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If) --.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 468 S 1.321 -(lue is 0, commands are not sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.821(di).15 G 3.821 -(nt)-3.821 G 1.321(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.32(Numeric v)6.32 F 1.32 -(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 480 T .436 -(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.936(do).15 G 2.936(nt)-2.936 -G .436(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.936 F .437 -(The shell sets the def)5.437 F .437(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E -(to 500 after reading an)144 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E -F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 504 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 516 R .952 +-.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 468 S .413(lue is 0, commands are not sa) +.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.913(di).15 G 2.913(nt)-2.913 G .413 +(he history list.)-2.913 F .413(Numeric v)5.413 F .412 +(alues less than zero result in e)-.25 F(v-)-.25 E .343 +(ery command being sa)144 480 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.843(do).15 G 2.843(nt) +-2.843 G .343(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.843 F .344 +(The shell sets the def)5.343 F .344(ault v)-.1 F .344(alue to)-.25 F +(500 after reading an)144 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F3 +(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 504 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 516 R .952 (ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 (alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F4(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 (\(3\) to print the)B .672 @@ -2219,7 +2227,7 @@ Q(When)5 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) F -.1(wo)144 696 S(rds with the).1 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E (`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(16)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(16)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2238,14 +2246,14 @@ G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 132 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E F2(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 144 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 156 R F1 -.18(re) -3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c)-.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F2(READLINE)3.936 E F0 -(belo)144 168 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(INSIDE_EMA)108 180 Q(CS)-.55 E F0 .887 -(If this v)144 192 R .887(ariable appears in the en)-.25 F .886 -(vironment when the shell starts,)-.4 F F1(bash)3.386 E F0 .886 -(assumes that it is running)3.386 F(inside an Emacs shell b)144 204 Q +(INPUTRC)108 144 Q F0 .26(The \214lename for the)144 156 R F1 -.18(re) +2.76 G(adline).18 E F0 .26(startup \214le, o)2.76 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rriding the def).15 F .261(ault of)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(~/.inputr)4.427 E(c)-.37 E F0(\(see)4.427 E F2(READLINE)2.761 E F0(be-) +2.511 E(lo)144 168 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(INSIDE_EMA)108 180 Q(CS)-.55 E F0 +.034(If this v)144 192 R .034(ariable appears in the en)-.25 F .034 +(vironment when the shell starts,)-.4 F F1(bash)2.533 E F0 .033 +(assumes that it is running in-)2.533 F(side an Emacs shell b)144 204 Q (uf)-.2 E(fer and may disable line editing, depending on the v)-.25 E (alue of)-.25 E F1(TERM)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LANG)108 216 Q F0 1.239 (Used to determine the locale cate)144 216 R 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F @@ -2277,11 +2285,11 @@ o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 (Automatically set if the)144 444 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 (option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 (hell upon receipt of a).15 F F2(SIGWINCH)144 456 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 468 Q F0 1.201 +SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 468 Q F0 .422 (If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 468 -R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 -(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 -(informs the user of the arri)144 480 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 +R F2(MAILP)2.921 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.671 G .421 +(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)2.921 E F0(in-)2.921 E +(forms the user of the arri)144 480 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E (-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 492 Q F0 .098 (Speci\214es ho)144 504 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) @@ -2325,8 +2333,8 @@ ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 612 Q -3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 708 R .868 (The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) -.1 F(administrator who installs)144 720 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C -(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) -135.955 E(17)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30) +141.235 E(17)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2438,8 +2446,8 @@ G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 668.4 Q F2(select)2.81 E F0 .31 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F2 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 704.4 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 -E(18)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E +(18)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2462,10 +2470,10 @@ F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell') (of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 180 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) 6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 -(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 192 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .606 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 192 R .606(xactly; if set to)-.15 +F F2(substring)3.445 E F0 3.105(,t).22 G .605 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.105 F .884 (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 204 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) -5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 (vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 216 Q F1(%?)3.334 E F0 @@ -2476,28 +2484,28 @@ F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 228 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 (ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(histchars)108 252 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 264 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) --4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 276 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G -1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 288 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 -(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 300 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 312 R .575(The def)5.575 -F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 -(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ - that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 324 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 336 R 1.294 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 348 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F -.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 360 Q F1(Arrays)87 376.8 Q(Bash) +F1(histchars)108 252 Q F0 .546(The tw)144 264 R 3.046(oo)-.1 G 3.046(rt) +-3.046 G .546(hree characters which control history e)-3.046 F .545 +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F .545(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.045 E(OR) +-.162 E 2.795(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.795 E -.666(PA)144 276 S(NSION).666 E F0 +(belo)2.987 E 3.237(w\). The)-.25 F .737(\214rst character is the)3.237 +F F2 .737(history e)3.237 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.238 E 3.238 +(,t)-.4 G .738(he character which sig-)-3.238 F .761 +(nals the start of a history e)144 288 R .761(xpansion, normally `)-.15 +F F1(!)A F0 3.261('. The)B .76(second character is the)3.261 F F2(quic) +3.26 E 3.26(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-3.26 E F0(character)144 300 Q 3.476 +(,w)-.4 G .977(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-3.476 F +.977(vious command entered, substituting)-.25 F .131 +(one string for another in the command.)144 312 R .131(The def)5.131 F +.131(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 2.63('. The)B .13 +(optional third character is the char)2.63 F(-)-.2 E .276(acter which i\ +ndicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \ +\214rst character)144 324 R .46(of a w)144 336 R .46(ord, normally `)-.1 +F F1(#)A F0 2.959('. The)B .459 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped) +2.959 F .466(for the remaining w)144 348 R .466(ords on the line.)-.1 F +.467(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest) +5.467 F(of the line as a comment.)144 360 Q F1(Arrays)87 376.8 Q(Bash) 108 388.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) -.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 @@ -2519,22 +2527,23 @@ H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 -.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 465.6 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A -F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F2(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 -(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 -E -.15(ex)108 477.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E -4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F3 1.979 -(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 489.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 -E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2 -(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 506.4 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 523.2 Q .94 -(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) --.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G -(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E -(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 535.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +F0 5.506(.T)C(he)-5.506 E F2(subscript)3.346 E F0 .507 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.687 F .507(xpression that must e)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .507(luate to a number).25 F 5.507(.T)-.55 G 3.007(oe) +-6.307 G(x-)-3.157 E 1.193(plicitly declare an inde)108 477.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.693(da).15 G(rray)-3.693 E 3.693(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.693 E F1 +(declar)3.693 E 3.693<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.693 E F2(name)3.693 E F0(\(see) +3.692 E F3 1.192(SHELL B)3.692 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.192(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F +F0(belo)3.442 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(de-)6.192 E(clar)108 489.6 Q 2.5<65ad> +-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0 +(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E +(Associati)108 506.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E +F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 +523.2 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 +(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 +-.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F +(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 535.2 Q +(.)-.65 E 1.647 (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 552 R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 (... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) @@ -2545,14 +2554,14 @@ G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 (When assigning to inde)108 576 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 (ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 -(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 588 R 3.91 -(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) --3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) --3.911 F(Inde)108 600 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E -(When assigning to an associati)108 616.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 -E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 633.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E .459(to; otherwise the inde)108 588 R +2.959(xo)-.15 G 2.959(ft)-2.959 G .459 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-2.959 F 2.96(xa)-.15 G .46 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-2.96 F(In-)5.46 E(de)108 600 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 616.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) +-2.5 E .24(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 633.6 R F1(declar) +2.74 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 645.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 (syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 @@ -2562,11 +2571,11 @@ E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 (hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(of)108 669.6 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 --.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 -(ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 -(nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 -G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 681.6 Q(An)108 698.4 Q +(of)108 669.6 Q F2(name)2.676 E F0 2.676(,s)C 2.676(on)-2.676 G -2.25 +-.15(eg a)-2.676 H(ti).15 E .476 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .177 +(ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 2.677(,a)-.65 G .177 +(nd an inde)-2.677 F 2.677(xo)-.15 G 2.677<66ad>-2.677 G 2.677(1r)-2.677 +G .177(eferences the last el-)-2.677 F(ement.)108 681.6 Q(An)108 698.4 Q 3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) -3.576 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 (braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 @@ -2576,8 +2585,8 @@ F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 (xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 (These subscripts dif)108 722.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 (ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) -135.955 E(19)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30) +141.235 E(19)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2636,56 +2645,56 @@ E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 295.2 Q F3(unset) 2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F3(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 307.2 Q F0 3.975(,f)C 1.475 -(or both inde)-3.975 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.975(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) --3.975 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) -.05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(rrays are interpreted as)-3.974 F .614 -(described abo)108 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.614(.U).15 G .614 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.614 F .615 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F3(unset)5.615 E F1 -(name)3.115 E F0(,)A(where)108 331.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 +-.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 307.2 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358 +(or both inde)-2.858 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G .358(nd associati) +-2.858 F .658 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.858(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +.05 E .658 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .358(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.858(da).15 G .358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.204 +(scribed abo)108 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.204(.U).15 G 1.204 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.204 F 1.205 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F3(unset)6.205 E F1 +(name)3.705 E F0(,)A(where)108 331.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F3(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1 (subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F0 (or)2.5 E F3(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .848(When using a v)108 348 R .848 -(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .848 -(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F3(unset)3.347 E F0 3.347(,w)C -(ithout)-3.347 E .344(using the w)108 360 R .344(ord e)-.1 F .344 -(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.845(,t).15 G .345 -(he ar)-2.845 F .345(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.845 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.845 E(name e)108 372 Q +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .029(When using a v)108 348 R .029 +(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .028 +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F3(unset)2.528 E F0 2.528(,w)C +.028(ithout us-)-2.528 F .937(ing the w)108 360 R .937(ord e)-.1 F .937 +(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(,t).15 G .937 +(he ar)-3.437 F .938(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.438 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.438 E(name e)108 372 Q (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E -(The)108 388.8 Q F3(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F3(local)3.574 E F0 -3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F3 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G -1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F33.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 -(rray and a)-3.573 F F33.573 E F0 .338 -(option to specify an associati)108 400.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) -.15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) --2.838 F F32.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F3 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 -(accepts a)108 412.8 R F32.941 E F0 .441 -(option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 -(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F3(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F3(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(The)108 388.8 Q F3(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F3(local)2.684 E F0 +2.684(,a)C(nd)-2.684 E F3 -.18(re)2.684 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G +.184(iltins each accept a).2 F F32.684 E F0 .184 +(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.683(da).15 G .183 +(rray and a)-2.683 F F32.683 E F0(op-)2.683 E .041 +(tion to specify an associati)108 400.8 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +E 5.041(.I)-.65 G 2.541(fb)-5.041 G .041(oth options are supplied,) +-2.541 F F32.541 E F0(tak)2.541 E .041(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) +5.041 E F3 -.18(re)2.542 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.542 G .042(iltin ac-).2 +F .864(cepts a)108 412.8 R F33.364 E F0 .864 +(option to assign a list of w)3.364 F .864 +(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.863(.T)-.65 G(he) +-5.863 E F3(set)3.363 E F0(and)3.363 E F3(declar)3.363 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)108 424.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 441.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 453.6 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 465.6 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) -2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) -2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369 -(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 477.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) -2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .418(The order of e)108 494.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 -(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 506.4 S -.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 465.6 S .201(pansion performed:).15 F F1 +(br)2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201(tilde e) +2.831 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)3.951 E .201 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .2 +(command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 477.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) +2.83 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting) +-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0 +(.).24 E .418(The order of e)108 494.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 +F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F +.419(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 506.4 +S .196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 +F .195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) -.15 E(sion.)108 518.4 Q .257 (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 535.2 R .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 @@ -2697,34 +2706,34 @@ E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 547.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G -.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 (nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 576 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H (een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A 1.19(Only brace e)108 592.8 R 1.19(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.19 -(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.191 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.191(ords of the)-.1 F --.15(ex)108 604.8 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 -F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 616.8 S 1.244(pansions of ").15 F F3($@)A F0 3.744 -("a)C 1.244(nd ")-3.744 F F3(${)A F1(name)A F3([@]})A F0 1.245 -(", and, in most cases,)B F3($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F3(${)3.745 E F1 -(name)A F3([*]})A F0 1.245(as e)3.745 F 1.245(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.545 --.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F2 -.666(PA)108 628.8 S(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F3(Brace Expansion)87 645.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 657.6 -Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +E F0(\).)A .171(Only brace e)108 592.8 R .171(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 +(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171 +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .172(ords of the e)-.1 F +(x-)-.15 E .777(pansion; other e)108 604.8 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F +.776(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276 +(ord. The)-.1 F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e) +-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .695(pansions of ")108 616.8 R F3($@)A F0 3.195("a)C +.695(nd ")-3.195 F F3(${)A F1(name)A F3([@]})A F0 .696 +(", and, in most cases,)B F3($*)3.196 E F0(and)3.196 E F3(${)3.196 E F1 +(name)A F3([*]})A F0 .696(as e)3.196 F .696(xplained abo)-.15 F .996 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F2 -.666(PA)3.196 G(-).666 E(RAMETERS)108 +628.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F3(Brace Expansion)87 645.6 Q F1(Br) +108.58 657.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F .606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 669.6 Q F1 .415 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 681.6 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) --.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 +(he)-2.915 E .074(form of an optional)108 681.6 R F1(pr)3.823 E(eamble) +-.37 E F0 2.573(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.573 E .073 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 693.6 R -.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G -.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 -(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 705.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(20)185.115 -E 0 Cg EP +F(xpres-)-.15 E .489(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 693.6 R +.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.49(.T).68 G +.49(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.49 F .49(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(c\ +ontained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each\ + resulting string, e)108 705.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 +717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(20)190.395 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2756,11 +2765,11 @@ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 (xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 172.8 S 1.064(pands to each character le) .15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 -(that both)108 184.8 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 -(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) --.25 E(between each term.)108 196.8 Q(The def)5 E +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .245 +(that both)108 184.8 R F2(x)2.745 E F0(and)2.745 E F2(y)2.745 E F0 .245 +(must be of the same type.)2.745 F .244 +(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.245 F .244 +(ference be-)-.25 F(tween each term.)108 196.8 Q(The def)5 E (ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 213.6 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 (ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 @@ -2770,18 +2779,18 @@ F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G (does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 (yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 237.6 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 254.4 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 -(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 266.4 R 3.441 -(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 278.4 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 -.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 -(sion. T)108 290.4 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 -(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 302.4 Q +-.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 254.4 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(\ +xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\ + one un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 266.4 R .458 +(alid sequence e)-.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .457(xpansion is left unchanged.) +-.15 F(A)108 278.4 Q F1({)2.521 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(,)2.521 E F0 .021 +(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.521 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.522(xpression. T)-.15 +F 2.522(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.722 G(id).2 E .172 +(con\215icts with parameter e)108 290.4 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 +F F1(${)2.672 E F0 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F +.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 302.4 Q (xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ gs to be generated is)108 319.2 R(longer than in the abo)108 331.2 Q .3 @@ -2830,72 +2839,71 @@ with the speci\214ed login name.)108 537.6 Q .093 5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 566.4 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 .904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 578.4 R F2(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ -ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -590.4 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 602.4 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 -(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F -(consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 614.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 648 R .167 -(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) --.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.468(these cases, tilde e)108 660 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 -(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 672 -Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 -(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E -.023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 688.8 R .023(xpansion on w)-.15 F -.024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F .024 -(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 700.8 Q .77 -.15 +5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F .88 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 578.4 R F2(N)3.38 E +F0 3.38(,o)C .88(ptionally pre\214x)-3.38 F .879 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F .138(placed \ +with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 +590.4 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)2.639 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 602.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.839(dw).1 G +.338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.839 F 2.838(gument. If)-.18 F +.338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338 +(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F +(of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 614.4 +Q(If the login name is in)108 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) +.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166 +(Each v)108 648 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 +(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F +.167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=) +2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468(these cases, tilde e)108 660 R +.468(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) +-.65 G .467(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F +(ments to)108 672 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v) +-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 688.8 R .023 +(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F +.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 700.8 Q .77 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 .47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 (guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F -.15(ex)108 712.8 S(cept for the).15 E F2(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 (commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F2 -(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 -E(21)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E +(21)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(Pa)87 84 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)108 96 R F1($)A -F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 108 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 120 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 132 +SF -.1(Pa)87 84 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 .199(The `)108 96 R F1($)A +F0 2.699('c)C .199(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.699 F .199 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.7 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.7 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e)108 +108 R .314(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 +F .314(ut serv)-.2 F 2.813(et)-.15 G 2.813(op)-2.813 G(rotect)-2.813 E +.414(the v)108 120 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .415 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(the name.)108 132 Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) 108 148.8 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 160.8 R 2.15 -(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 172.8 S -(pansion.).15 E(${)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F0(})A 1.205(The v)144 201.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 213.6 R F2(par)4.014 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 225.6 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) -5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 237.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) -C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 254.4 R F2(par)2.846 E +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F .821 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 160.8 R .822 +(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E +(pansion.)108 172.8 Q(${)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A .106(The v)144 201.6 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106 +(The braces are required when)5.106 F F2(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11 +(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 213.6 R F2(par)3.86 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .111 +(wed by a character which is not to be)-.25 F .208 +(interpreted as part of its name.)144 225.6 R(The)5.208 E F2(par)2.708 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 237.6 Q F0 2.5 +(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A +F0(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 254.4 R F2(par)2.846 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) 2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G @@ -2925,35 +2933,35 @@ F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F1(!)A F2 -2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 355.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor) 3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 367.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089 -(When not performing substring e)108 384 R 1.089 -(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E F1(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 -(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 396 Q(Omitting\ - the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${) -108 412.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 -.723(Use Default V)144 424.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F2 -(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +F(and arithmetic e)108 367.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066 +(When not performing substring e)108 384 R .067 +(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G +(e.g.,)-2.567 E F1(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)2.567 E F0 .067 +(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 396 Q(Omitt\ +ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(${)108 412.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 424.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 +E F2(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F +.722(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) 3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 436.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 (par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 448.8 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004 -(Assign Default V)144 460.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F2 -(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F -2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 -(is assigned to)5.275 F F2(par)144 472.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 -G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 -(Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 484.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 496.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F1 .535(Display Err)144 508.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .811 +(Assign Default V)144 460.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.812(.I)C(f)-5.812 E F2 +(par)4.562 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .812(is unset or null, the e)4.042 F .812 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.652 E(d)-.37 E F0 .812(is assigned to)4.082 +F F2(pa-)4.562 E -.15(ra)144 472.8 S(meter).15 E F0 5.742(.T).73 G .742 +(he v)-5.742 F .742(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.492 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .742 +(is then substituted.)3.972 F .741 +(Positional parameters and special parame-)5.742 F +(ters may not be assigned to in this w)144 484.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) +108 496.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 +.535(Display Err)144 508.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 520.8 R -.662(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F -(interacti)144 532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .013(sage to that ef)144 520.8 R +.013(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)2.853 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.283 F +(teracti)144 532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 544.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 (wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 556.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F @@ -2965,24 +2973,25 @@ F1 .535(Display Err)144 508.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) 144 604.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 -(character speci\214ed by)144 616.8 R F2(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 -(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E -F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F1(*) -3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 628.8 Q -1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 -(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 -(substring of the v)144 640.8 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.542 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F -F2(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) --.15 F .847(end of the v)144 652.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 -(and)3.346 E F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F -.846(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 664.8 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 688.8 Q F2(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 -G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .235 +(character speci\214ed by)144 616.8 R F2(of)2.735 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.235 +(.I)C(f)-5.235 E F2(par)2.735 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.735 E F1(@)2.735 E +F0 2.735(,a)C 2.735(ni)-2.735 G(nde)-2.735 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.735(da).15 +G .235(rray subscripted by)-2.735 F F1(@)2.735 E F0(or)2.735 E F1(*) +2.735 E F0 2.735(,o)C 2.735(ra)-2.735 G 2.735(na)-2.735 G(s-)-2.735 E +(sociati)144 628.8 Q 1.578 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.278 +(rray name, the results dif).15 F 1.277(fer as described belo)-.25 F +5.077 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length)3.777 E F0 1.277(is omitted, e) +3.777 F 1.277(xpands to the)-.15 F .042(substring of the v)144 640.8 R +.042(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043 +(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F2(of)2.543 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F .847 +(end of the v)144 652.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 E +F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 664.8 Q(w\).)-.25 E +(If)144 688.8 Q F2(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F .046(end of the v)144 700.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G @@ -2993,7 +3002,7 @@ G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 .558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 -F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(22)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(22)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3028,16 +3037,16 @@ F F2(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 -3.729 F F2(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F (number less than zero.)144 204 Q(Substring e)144 228 Q (xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 252 R -1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in \ -which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 264 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F -2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F1($0)2.806 E F0 -.306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 276 Q(${)108 292.8 Q -F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 304.8 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A -(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .084(Names matching pr)144 316.8 R -(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084 -(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.585 E +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .82(Substring inde)144 252 R +.821(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in w\ +hich case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 264 Q .159(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 +F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .159 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F F1($0)2.659 E F0 +.159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .158(ed to)-.15 F(the list.)144 276 Q(${)108 +292.8 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 304.8 Q F1(!)A +F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .084(Names matching pr)144 316.8 +R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F +.084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.585 E (e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 (rated by the \214rst character of the)144 328.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@) @@ -3045,27 +3054,27 @@ F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 304.8 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A (within double quotes, each v)144 340.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E (xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 357.6 Q F1(!)A F2(name) A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 369.6 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0 -(]})A F1 2.035(List of array k)144 381.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f) --7.036 E F2(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036 -(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .596(assigned in)144 393.6 R F2(name)3.096 E F0 -5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F2(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F -3.095(,e)-.65 G .595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F2(@)144 405.6 Q F0 -(is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) --.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -422.4 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 434.4 S .47 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) --5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 -(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F2(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -446.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F1(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F1(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 -(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +(]})A F1 1.136(List of array k)144 381.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 6.136(.I)C(f) +-6.136 E F2(name)3.636 E F0 1.136(is an array v)3.636 F 1.136 +(ariable, e)-.25 F 1.136(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G 1.137(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 393.6 R F2(name) +2.897 E F0 5.397(.I)C(f)-5.397 E F2(name)2.897 E F0 .397 +(is not an array)2.897 F 2.897(,e)-.65 G .397(xpands to 0 if)-3.047 F F2 +(name)2.897 E F0 .397(is set and null otherwise.)2.897 F(When)5.397 E F2 +(@)2.897 E F0(is used and the e)144 405.6 Q +(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 +H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 422.4 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 434.4 S .47(rameter length).1 F F0 +5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.47 F .471(alue of) +-.25 F F2(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471(is substituted.)2.971 F(If) +5.471 E F2(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 446.4 Q F0(is)3.627 E F1(*) +2.897 E F0(or)2.897 E F1(@)2.897 E F0 2.897(,t)C .397(he v)-2.897 F .397 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.208 E F2(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 -(array name subscripted by)144 458.4 R F1(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F1(@) -2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F2(par)145.25 470.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +5.396 E F2(par)4.146 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .396(is an ar)3.626 F(-)-.2 E +.78(ray name subscripted by)144 458.4 R F1(*)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F1(@) +3.28 E F0 3.28(,t)C .78(he v)-3.28 F .781 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.781 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.781 E F2(par)145.25 470.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 (is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 (rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 @@ -3084,10 +3093,10 @@ Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F .543(name e)144 547.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 (ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) 4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) -144 559.2 Q F1 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E -F0(belo)3.222 E 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.222(ft).65 G .721 -(he pattern matches the be)-3.222 F .721(ginning of the v)-.15 F .721 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 +144 559.2 Q F1 -.1(Pa)3.133 G(tter).1 E 3.133(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.133 E +F0(belo)3.132 E 4.432 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.132(ft).65 G .632 +(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F .632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .632 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.382 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 (then the result of the e)144 571.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 @@ -3098,13 +3107,13 @@ F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 607.2 R(If) -6.121 E F2(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F -1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F1(*) -3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he pattern)-3.621 F(remo)144 619.2 Q -.25 -(va)-.15 G 2.53(lo).25 G .03 +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .304(sion is the resultant list.)144 607.2 R(If) +5.304 E F2(par)4.054 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.803 E F0(or)2.803 E F1(*)2.803 E +F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he pattern re-)-2.803 F(mo)144 619.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G +2.987(lo).25 G .487 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 631.2 Q(${)108 +-2.987 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 631.2 Q(${)108 648 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 660 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 672 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 @@ -3113,16 +3122,17 @@ Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 (xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F1 -.1(Pa)144 696 S(tter).1 -E 4.593(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.593 E F0(belo)4.593 E 5.892 -.65(w. I)-.25 -H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) --4.592 F 2.092(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 708 Q -(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65 -(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.085 -(matching pattern \(the `)144 720 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D -1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1 -(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(23)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +E 3.314(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.314 E F0(belo)3.314 E 4.614 -.65(w. I)-.25 +H 3.314(ft).65 G .814(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) +-3.314 F .814(xpanded v)-.15 F .814(alue of)-.25 F F2(pa-)4.564 E -.15 +(ra)144 708 S(meter).15 E F0 3.816(,t).73 G 1.316 +(hen the result of the e)-3.816 F 1.317(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.317(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)5.067 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.317(with the shortest)4.547 F 1.085(matching pattern \(the `)144 720 R +(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.084 +(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1(%%)A F0 +2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(23)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3185,41 +3195,43 @@ F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 333.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) 2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 357.6 Q -F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 369.6 -S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 -(,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 -381.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 -(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F -5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F --.15(ve)144 393.6 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F -F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 -(operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 405.6 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E -F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F --.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 417.6 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 -E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 429.6 Q F0 .78 -(is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C -.78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 -(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 -E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ -n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 441.6 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 453.6 R(If)5.469 E F1 -(par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E -F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ -ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 465.6 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 482.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 494.4 S .86 -(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 -(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 506.4 R F1 -(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F +F0 .374(is e)2.874 F .374 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.874 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .373(character in the e)2.873 F(x-)-.15 E .513 +(panded v)144 369.6 R .513(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 .513(is tested ag)3.013 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.013 E F0 3.013 +(,a)C .514(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.013 F -.15 +(ve)144 381.6 S 2.823(rted. The).15 F .323 +(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.823 F +5.322(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.322 E F2(^)2.822 E F0 .322(operator con)2.822 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 393.6 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 +F F1(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F0 +.181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181 +(rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .085(to lo)144 405.6 R 2.585 +(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0(and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .085 +(rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085(xpanded v)-.15 F .085 +(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 417.6 Q F2(,)3.59 E F0 -.15 +(ex)3.59 G 1.09(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 +(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.091(xpanded v)-.15 F +3.591(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.591 E F0(is)3.591 E 1.121 +(omitted, it is treated lik)144 429.6 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.621 +(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character) +.15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F1(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.35 E +F2(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12(he case)-3.62 F +.339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter i\ +n turn, and the e)144 441.6 R .34(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .25 +(sultant list.)144 453.6 R(If)5.25 E F1(par)4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .25 +(is an array v)3.48 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.749 E +F0(or)2.749 E F2(*)2.749 E F0 2.749(,t)C .249 +(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.749 F(-)-.2 E +(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 +465.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 482.4 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 494.4 S +.86(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F +.86(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 +F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 506.4 R +F1(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F .153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 518.4 Q F2(Q)144 542.4 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 542.4 R 1.064 @@ -3241,19 +3253,19 @@ F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 626.4 Q (with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 638.4 Q F0 (The e)180 638.4 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 655.2 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 -(he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 667.2 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) -5.13 E F1(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F2(*)2.629 E -F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E -(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -679.2 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 -(The result of the e)144 703.2 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 -F(belo)144 715.2 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(24)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 655.2 Q F1(par)4.402 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)3.882 E F2(@)3.152 E F0(or)3.152 E F2(*)3.153 E F0 3.153(,t)C .653(\ +he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) +-3.153 F(x-)-.15 E .403(pansion is the resultant list.)144 667.2 R(If) +5.403 E F1(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403(is an array v)3.633 F .403 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.903 E F0(or)2.903 E F2(*)2.903 E +F0 2.903(,t)C .402(he opera-)-2.903 F +(tion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 +679.2 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e) +144 703.2 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .708(xpansion as described be-)-.15 +F(lo)144 715.2 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30) +141.235 E(24)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3302,12 +3314,12 @@ Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 (ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 (treated specially)108 398.4 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 -(tution, and quote remo)108 410.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 422.4 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 439.2 -R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +-.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F .049 +(tution, and quote remo)108 410.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.548(l. The).25 F +.048(result is treated as the arithmetic e)2.548 F .048 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.548(luated. Arithmetic).25 F +-.15(ex)2.548 G(-).15 E(pansions may be nested.)108 422.4 Q 1.378(The e) +108 439.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 @@ -3341,7 +3353,7 @@ h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E (The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 597.6 R 1.142 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 609.6 Q -F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 +F2(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 626.4 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) @@ -3371,6399 +3383,6396 @@ E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As) (whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 722.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(25)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(25)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.927 -(Explicit null ar)108 84 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 -(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 96 R .485 -(guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 -(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 -G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 -E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 108 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 -(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 -(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 -(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 120 R .724 -(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 132 S .175 -(pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F22.676 -E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 144 -Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 160.8 -Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 177.6 -S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .246(After w)108 189.6 R .246 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.746 E F0 .246 -(option has been set,)2.746 F F1(bash)2.746 E F0 .245(scans each w)2.745 -F .245(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.745 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.745 E F0 -(,)A F1([)2.745 E F0 2.745(,a)C(nd,)-2.745 E .592 -(under certain circumstances \(e.g., when it appears in the e)108 201.6 -R .593(xpansion of an unquoted shell v)-.15 F .593(ariable, depend-)-.25 -F 1.239(ing on the setting of the)108 213.6 R F1(posixglob)3.739 E F0 -1.239(shell option\),)3.739 F F1(\\)3.739 E F0 6.239(.I)C 3.739(fo) --6.239 G 1.239(ne of these characters appears, then the w)-3.739 F 1.238 -(ord is)-.1 F(re)108 225.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .284(rded as a).05 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a).24 G .284(nd replaced w\ -ith an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \ -\(see)-2.784 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)108 237.6 S(tter).09 E 2.55 -(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.55 E F0(belo)2.55 E 2.8(w\). If)-.25 F .299 -(no matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)2.799 F F1 -(nullglob)2.799 E F0 .299(is not enabled,)2.799 F .016(the w)108 249.6 R -.016(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .016(If the)5.016 F F1(nullglob)2.516 -E F0 .017(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)2.516 F .017 -(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.517(d. If).15 F(the)108 261.6 Q F1 -(failglob)3.003 E F0 .503(shell option is set, and no matches are found\ -, an error message is printed and the command is)3.003 F .477(not e)108 -273.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.977(cuted. If).15 F .477(the shell option)2.977 -F F1(nocaseglob)2.977 E F0 .478 -(is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.978 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.478(rd to the case).05 F .151(of alphabetic characters.)108 285.6 R -.151(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.151 F .15 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.65 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0 .15(at the start of a)5.15 F .781(name or immediately follo)108 297.6 -R .781(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.281(,u) --.65 G .781(nless the shell option)-3.281 F F1(dotglob)3.282 E F0 .782 -(is set.)3.282 F .503(The \214lenames)108 309.6 R F1 -.63(``)3.003 G --.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.503 E F1 -.63(``)3.003 G(..).63 E -.63 -('')-.55 G F0 .502(must al)6.132 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .502(ys be matched e).1 -F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.002(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.252 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f) --3.002 E F1(dotglob)3.002 E F0 .502(is set.)3.002 F .502 -(In other cases, the)5.502 F F1 -.63(``)108 321.6 S -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 1.503(character is not treated specially)6.503 F 6.503(.W)-.65 G -1.503(hen matching a pathname, the slash character must al)-6.503 F -.1 -(wa)-.1 G 1.504(ys be).1 F .632(matched e)108 333.6 R .632 -(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .632 -(ut in other matching conte)-.2 F .631 -(xts it can be matched by a special)-.15 F 1.392 -(pattern character as described belo)108 345.6 R 3.892(wu)-.25 G(nder) --3.892 E F4 -.09(Pa)3.892 G(tter).09 E 3.642(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.642 E -/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.392(See the description of)5.892 F F1 -(shopt)3.892 E F0(belo)3.892 E 3.892(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.892 E F4 .776 -(SHELL B)108 357.6 R(UIL)-.09 E .776(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .776 -(for a description of the)3.026 F F1(nocaseglob)3.276 E F0(,)A F1 -(nullglob)3.276 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)3.276 E F0 3.276(,a)C(nd)-3.276 E -F1(dotglob)3.275 E F0(shell)3.275 E(options.)108 369.6 Q(The)108 386.4 Q -F4(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .782 +(Explicit null ar)108 84 R .782(guments \()-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +.833("").833 G F0(or)2.449 E F1 .833<0808>4.115 G F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 +(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .783 +(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 96 R .179 +(guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .179 +(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .479 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.679(ov).15 +G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.678(d. If).15 F 2.678 +(ap)2.678 G(a-)-2.678 E .318(rameter with no v)108 108 R .319(alue is e) +-.25 F .319(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F .319 +(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F .001 +(to a command as an empty string.)108 120 R .001(When a quoted null ar) +5.001 F(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 E(ord whose e)-.1 E(xpansion) +-.15 E .983(is non-null, the null ar)108 132 R .983(gument is remo)-.18 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F .983(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F2 +10/Courier@0 SF -5.1673.483 F F0(becomes)3.484 E F2 +3.484 E F0 .984(after w)3.484 F .984(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 +144 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 +160.8 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 +177.6 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 189.6 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .633 +(If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the w)108 +201.6 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .634(rded as a).05 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)4.384 E F0 3.134(,a).24 G .634(nd replaced) +-3.134 F 1.34(with an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matchin\ +g the pattern \(see)108 213.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.84 G +(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E F0(belo)3.589 E 3.839 +(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.839 E .534 +(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 225.6 R F1 +(nullglob)3.034 E F0 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534 +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.535 E(the)108 237.6 Q F1(nullglob) +3.285 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.285 F +.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.284 E F1 +(failglob)3.284 E F0 .784(shell option is)3.284 F .754(set, and no matc\ +hes are found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 +249.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.255(cuted. If).15 F .755(the shell)3.255 F +(option)108 261.6 Q F1(nocaseglob)3.264 E F0 .763 +(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.264 F -.05(ga)-.15 G +.763(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 +(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 273.6 R .039 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0 .039(at the start of a name or immediately fol-)5.039 F(lo)108 +285.6 Q .81(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.31 +(,u)-.65 G .81(nless the shell option)-3.31 F F1(dotglob)3.31 E F0 .81 +(is set.)3.31 F .81(The \214lenames)5.81 F F1 -.63(``)3.31 G -.55(.').63 +G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.81 E F1 -.63(``)108 297.6 S(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G +F0 1.181(must al)6.811 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.181(ys be matched e).1 F +(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.681(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.931 G 3.682(ni).15 G(f) +-3.682 E F1(dotglob)3.682 E F0 1.182(is set.)3.682 F 1.182 +(In other cases, the)6.182 F F1 -.63(``)3.682 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0 1.182(character is not)6.182 F .614(treated specially)108 309.6 R +5.614(.W)-.65 G .613 +(hen matching a pathname, the slash character must al)-5.614 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .613(ys be matched e).1 F .613(xplicitly by a)-.15 F .654 +(slash in the pattern, b)108 321.6 R .655(ut in other matching conte)-.2 +F .655(xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as de-)-.15 +F .72(scribed belo)108 333.6 R 3.22(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.22 E F4 -.09(Pa) +3.22 G(tter).09 E 2.97(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.97 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .719(See the description of)5.219 F F1(shopt)3.219 E F0(belo) +3.219 E 3.219(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.219 E F4 .719(SHELL B)3.219 F(UIL)-.09 E +.719(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)108 345.6 Q F0(for a description of the)2.25 +E F1(nocaseglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E +F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 +362.4 Q F4(GLOBIGNORE)2.561 E F0 .061(shell v)2.311 F .061 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F3(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F4(GLO-)2.631 E -(BIGNORE)108 398.4 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) -4.264 E(remo)108 410.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G 1.414 -(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1(nocaseglob) -3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.415 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)108 422.4 Q F0 .147 -(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F -.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.146 E F1 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 -(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)108 -434.4 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 +F F3(pattern)3.812 E F0 5.062(.I).24 G(f)-5.062 E F4(GLO-)2.562 E +(BIGNORE)108 374.4 Q F0 1.096(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)3.347 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.596 E F0 1.096 +(is re-)3.346 F(mo)108 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.85(df).15 G .351 +(rom the list of matches.)-2.85 F .351(If the)5.351 F F1(nocaseglob) +2.851 E F0 .351(option is set, the matching ag)2.851 F .351 +(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F4(GLO-)2.851 E(BIGNORE)108 398.4 Q F0 +1.481(is performed without re)3.731 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.48(rd to case.) +.05 F 1.48(The \214lenames)6.48 F F1 -.63(``)3.98 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0(and)6.48 E F1 -.63(``)3.98 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.48 +(are al)7.11 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.48(ys ignored when).1 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)108 +410.4 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .683(enabling the)108 446.4 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +-.25 F .683(enabling the)108 422.4 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 (shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 458.4 Q +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 434.4 Q 1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) -.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 (one of the patterns in)6.185 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F5(.)A F0(The)108 -470.4 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F4 +446.4 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F4 (GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 482.4 Q F1 -(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 499.2 S(tter).1 E -2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 516 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(harac\ +(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 458.4 Q F1 +(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 475.2 S(tter).1 E +2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 492 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(harac\ ter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern character\ -s described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62 -(itself. The)108 528 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) -3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12 -(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 -(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 540 R .576 -(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 552 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 568.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 585.6 Q F0 .377 -(Matches an)180 585.6 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 +s described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.722 +(itself. The)108 504 R .221(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) +2.722 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .221 +(wing character; the es-)-.25 F .418 +(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 516 R .418 +(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.919(ya) +-.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 528 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 544.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 561.6 Q F0 .377 +(Matches an)180 561.6 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 (tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 597.6 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 573.6 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 (will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ -.)180 609.6 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E -F0(,)A(tw)180 621.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 633.6 Q -F0(Matches an)180 633.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F1([...])144 645.6 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 645.6 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +.)180 585.6 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E +F0(,)A(tw)180 597.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 609.6 Q +F0(Matches an)180 609.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E +F1([...])144 621.6 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 621.6 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 (ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 (air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 657.6 R F3 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +(denotes a)180 633.6 R F3 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 (haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G -.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 669.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u) +.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u) .15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 (ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) -6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 681.6 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F +6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 657.6 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F1 (^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 (haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 693.6 R .895 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 669.6 R .895 (xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) -180 705.6 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F4(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 +180 681.6 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F4(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 (or)2.625 E F4(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 (ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 -F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 717.6 R .067 +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 693.6 R .067 (xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 -(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 729.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 705.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 .157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F12.656 E F0(may)2.656 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(26)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F12.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ +be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) +180 717.6 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 729.6 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(26)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .193(be matched b\ -y including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)180 84 R(A) -5.193 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 -F(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 96 Q -.4(Wi)180 -114 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 -.571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F2(class)A -F1(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F2(class)3.07 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 126 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 138 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 150 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.29(Ac)180 162 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.4(Wi)180 84 S +(thin).4 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E +F0(,)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571 +(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 +F F1([:)3.07 E F2(class)A F1(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F2(class) +3.07 E F0(is one of the follo)180 96 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 108 R 5.889 +(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 120 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.29(Ac)180 132 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1 (wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 174 Q -.4(Wi) -180 192 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 144 Q -.4(Wi) +180 162 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 (,a)C(n)-4.536 E F2 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F2(c)A F1(=]) A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 204 R -(the character)180 216 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 234 S(thin).4 E F1 + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 174 R +(the character)180 186 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 204 S(thin).4 E F1 ([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol) -2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 250.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 220.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 (shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 (xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -262.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 +232.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 (is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 274.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 298.8 Q F2 +108 244.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 268.8 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 310.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 322.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 334.8 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 346.8 Q F2 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 292.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 304.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 316.8 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 358.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 370.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 382.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 394.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches an)180 406.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) +(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 328.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 340.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) +.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 364.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches an)180 376.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) -.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 -423.6 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 +393.6 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 (ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 -(specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 -(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 435.6 R 1.23 -(Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F -(using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 -447.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 464.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 -E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 476.4 R 1.112 +(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .091 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 405.6 R .091 +(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .09(ainst shorter strings, or us-) +-.05 F(ing arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f) +108 417.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 434.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G +(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 446.4 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) 3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 488.4 Q .3 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 458.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 505.2 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 517.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 475.2 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 -(by the shell.)108 529.2 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +(by the shell.)108 499.2 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 541.2 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ +-.25 F(dif)108 511.2 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 (Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 553.2 R -.15 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 523.2 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 -565.2 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G -.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 577.2 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ -h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 594 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108 -606 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108 +535.2 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .862(simple command)3.702 F F0 +.862(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G F2(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R) +.77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 547.2 +Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771 +(Each redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number ma\ +y instead be preceded by a w)108 564 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293 +(the form {)108 576 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 618 S +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 588 S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 630 Q F0 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 600 Q F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 (de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 (varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 -(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 642 R 1.238 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 612 R 1.238 (yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 (wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(himself.)108 654 Q .284(In the follo)108 670.8 R .283(wing description\ +(himself.)108 624 Q .284(In the follo)108 640.8 R .283(wing description\ s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\ -r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 682.8 R F1(<)3.012 E +r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 652.8 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 694.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 664.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 711.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 681.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F 2.701 -(jected to brace e)108 723.6 R 2.701(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F 2.701 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F 2.701(ariable e)-.25 F 2.701 -(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(27)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 +(jected to brace e)108 693.6 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 705.6 R +.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F +.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 717.6 S(rd,).1 E F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(27)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .83(arithmetic e) -108 84 R .83(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .83 -(l, pathname e).25 F .829(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .829(ord splitting.)-.1 -F .829(If it e)5.829 F .829(xpands to more than)-.15 F(one w)108 96 Q -(ord,)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E -(.)-.55 E(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 -112.8 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 -129.6 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 146.4 -Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G -(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 163.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0 -(dirlist)2.5 E .527(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 180 R -F2(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w) --3.027 F .527(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 192 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 -(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 208.8 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 84 Q -.15(Fo) +5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 100.8 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 117.6 +Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G +(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 134.4 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0 +(dirlist)2.5 E .505(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 151.2 +R F2(dirlist)3.355 E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w) +-3.005 F .505(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F +(output before the standard output w)108 163.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 180 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) -.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 220.8 R .977 +(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 192 R .977 (the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 (is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 232.8 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 249.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 261.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 204 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 220.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 232.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 273.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 285.6 Q F1(/de)144 297.6 Q -(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 309.6 Q F1(/de) -144 321.6 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 -333.6 Q F1(/de)144 345.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0 -(If)180 357.6 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 244.8 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 256.8 Q F1(/de)144 268.8 Q +(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 280.8 Q F1(/de) +144 292.8 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 +304.8 Q F1(/de)144 316.8 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0 +(If)180 328.8 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 369.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 340.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -381.6 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 393.6 Q F2 +352.8 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 364.8 Q F2 (host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 405.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 376.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -422.4 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 439.2 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 451.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -468 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +393.6 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 410.4 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045 +(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F +(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 422.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +439.2 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 480 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 492 Q F2(n) -2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G +108 451.2 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 463.2 Q F2 +(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 508.8 Q([)144 525.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 542.4 Q -(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 480 Q([)144 496.8 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 513.6 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 554.4 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 566.4 -R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F --.15(ex)108 578.4 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +108 525.6 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 537.6 +R F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0 +.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F +(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 549.6 Q (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 595.2 Q([)144 612 Q +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 566.4 Q([)144 583.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 628.8 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +(If the redirection operator is)108 600 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C .155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) 2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 640.8 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 652.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C -2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E -F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 -(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -664.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) --2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -681.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 693.6 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 705.6 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 -2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 -.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 -717.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(28)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 612 R .657 +(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658(xpansion of) +-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658(ists and is a re) +.15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)5.658 F .409 +(rection operator is)108 624 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt) +-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409 +(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409(option to the)2.909 +F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408(iltin command).2 F +(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 652.8 S(pending Redir).25 E +(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641(Redirection of output in this f)108 664.8 R +.642(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .455 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 676.8 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 +2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.314 E F0 +.454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108 +688.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 705.6 Q([)144 722.4 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(28)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 84 Q([)144 100.8 Q/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>>)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F2(Redir)87 117.6 Q(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 -E(or)-.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 129.6 R .249(ws both the st\ -andard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\ -\214le descrip-)-.25 F -(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 141.6 Q -(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108 -158.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G -(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2 -(&>)144 175.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 187.2 Q F2(>&)144 199.2 Q -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 216 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Redir)87 84 Q(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 +E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard output\ + \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip\ +-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 +108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(.).77 E(There are tw)108 124.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 +(&>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 153.6 Q F1(>&)144 165.6 Q +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 182.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 232.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F2(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 249.6 R F1(wor) -2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F22.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 261.6 Q -F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 278.4 S +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 199.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 216 R F2(wor)2.614 +E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 +2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G .114 +(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 228 Q F1 +(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 244.8 S (pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 290.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(This construct allo)108 256.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -302.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +268.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -319.2 Q F2(&>>)144 336 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(This is semantically equi) -108 352.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>>)144 369.6 Q F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 386.4 Q F2 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(Her)87 -403.2 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ -nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ -ontaining only)108 415.2 R F1(delimiter)108.35 427.2 Q F0 .614 +285.6 Q F1(&>>)144 302.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 319.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 +(>>)144 336 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 +352.8 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E +F1(Her)87 369.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ +irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ +l a line containing only)108 381.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 393.6 Q F0 .614 (\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 439.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E -F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 456 Q([)144 472.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A -F2(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 484.8 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 496.8 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 -513.6 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 405.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E +F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 422.4 Q([)144 439.2 Q F2(n)A F0(]) +A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 451.2 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 463.2 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 +480 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 -(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 -525.6 R F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 --.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 -(is quoted, the)3.685 F F1(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 -(is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) --2.915 E F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 -(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 537.6 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59 -(are subjected to parameter e)108 549.6 R 2.59 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 561.6 Q F2(\\)2.5 -E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 -(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 578.4 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108 +492 R F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 +-.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 +(is quoted, the)3.651 F F2(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 +(is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n) +-2.881 E F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 504 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 516 R 1.194 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195 +(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 528 Q F1(\\)2.5 +E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +(If the redirection operator is)108 544.8 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 590.4 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 556.8 Q F2(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 (.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 607.2 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 619.2 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 636 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 652.8 Q F1 -(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 573.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 585.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) +144 602.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 619.2 Q +F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 664.8 S +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 631.2 S 1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 (ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 676.8 R .375(wline appended\ +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 643.2 R .375(wline appended\ , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) -108 688.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E -F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 705.6 Q F0(The redirection operator) -108 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(29)185.115 -E 0 Cg EP +108 655.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E +F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 672 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 +684 Q([)144 700.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 717.6 R(If)5.127 E +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 +729.6 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(29)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 -E F0 .127(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 100.8 R(If) -5.127 E F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 -(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -112.8 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 124.8 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F22.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 136.8 Q -(The operator)108 153.6 Q([)144 170.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .15 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 84 R(If)5.15 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to) +.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.65 E F0 2.649<2c8c>C .149 +(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 +E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)2.889 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 96 Q +(The operator)108 112.8 Q([)144 129.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A (d)-.37 E F0 .443 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 187.2 R +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 146.4 R (If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 199.2 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor) -4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 211.2 R F1(wor) -3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F22.754 E -F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F1(n)3.114 E F0 .254 -(is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F1(n)2.754 E F0 -.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E -.966(not e)108 223.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 158.4 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F1(wor)3.406 +E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \ +a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 170.4 R F1(wor)3.543 +E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F23.203 E F0 +3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 +(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.204 E F0 +.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F1(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E +.966(not e)108 182.4 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 235.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 252 Q -(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 264 Q([)144 -280.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 297.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F1(digit) -3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o) -.24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 -.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 309.6 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 +-3.466 F(pre)108 194.4 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 211.2 Q +(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 223.2 Q([) +144 240 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 256.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F1 +(digit)3.017 E F0 .517(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F1(n)3.377 E F0 +3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt)-3.017 G .518 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F1(n)3.018 E F0 +.518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 268.8 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 (is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) -108 326.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 343.2 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 360 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1(digit)2.786 E F0 -.286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786 -(rt)-2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F -F1(n)2.785 E F0 .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 372 Q F2 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 388.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 400.8 Q([)144 417.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) -A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -434.4 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 -(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 446.4 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G -(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 463.2 Q F1(Aliases)108 475.2 Q F0(allo)3.174 -E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +108 285.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 302.4 Q +F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 319.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F1(digit)2.768 E F0 +.268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F1(n)3.128 E F0 2.768(,o).24 G 2.768 +(rt)-2.768 G .267(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F +F1(n)2.767 E F0 .267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 331.2 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 348 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 360 Q([)144 376.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)A +F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +393.6 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518 +(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F +(scriptor)108 405.6 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5 +<6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E +(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 422.4 Q +F1(Aliases)108 434.4 Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674 +(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 (ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 487.2 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 446.4 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 (and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 499.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +F(\(see)108 458.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 (\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 511.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +F(check)108 470.4 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 (If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 (xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 523.2 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 +F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 482.4 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) -3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 535.2 R 1.119 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 494.4 R 1.119 (replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 547.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 506.4 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 559.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +.295(not e)108 518.4 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 (This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 .296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 571.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 583.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 530.4 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528 +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne) +-3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 542.4 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 600 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 559.2 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 616.8 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 576 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 628.8 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 645.6 R 1.22 -(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) -.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 657.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 +108 588 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .283 +(Aliases are not e)108 604.8 R .283 +(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.782(,u) +.15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F2(expand_aliases)2.782 E F0 .282 +(shell option is set us-)2.782 F(ing)108 616.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -674.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +633.6 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 (wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67 -(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 686.4 R 3.17(eu) +(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 645.6 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E -1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 698.4 R 1.059 +1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 657.6 R 1.059 (Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F -.075(when it is e)108 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 +.075(when it is e)108 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ -and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 722.4 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G +and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 681.6 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G .337(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 (The commands follo)5.337 F .338 -(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(30)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .552(not af)108 +693.6 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This) +-3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .551(are e)3.051 F(x-) +-.15 E .425(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ +unction is e)108 705.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 +(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .404(is itself a command.) +108 717.6 R .403 +(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.404 F +-.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F 2.12(tion is e) +108 729.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.62(cuted. T).15 F 4.62(ob)-.8 G 4.62(es) +-4.62 G 2.12(afe, al)-4.62 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 2.121 +(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F2 +(alias)4.621 E F0(in)4.621 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30) +141.235 E(30)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.473(not af)108 -84 R 1.473(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.973(wa)-.25 G 3.973(lias. This) --3.973 F(beha)3.973 E 1.473(vior is also an issue when functions are e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.973(cuted. Aliases).15 F(are)3.972 E -.15(ex)108 -96 S .609(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the fun\ -ction is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .61(cuted, because a function de\214ni-) -.15 F .712(tion is itself a command.)108 108 R .711 -(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.711 F --.25(va)-.2 G .711(ilable until after that).25 F 1.185(function is e)108 -120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.685(cuted. T).15 F 3.685(ob)-.8 G 3.685(es)-3.685 -G 1.185(afe, al)-3.685 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.185 -(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)3.686 E F0(in)3.686 E(compound commands.)108 -132 Q -.15(Fo)108 148.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 177.6 S .968 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(compound commands.)108 84 Q -.15(Fo)108 100.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) +-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 117.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 129.6 S .968 (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9 +H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F3 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F -1.001(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002 +1.001(later e)108 141.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002 (the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\ t of com-)3.501 F .316(mands associated with that function name is e)108 -201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F +153.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 -F .035(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +F .035(shell; no ne)108 165.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +F .64(function is e)108 177.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 237.6 -R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F -.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 249.6 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 189.6 +R/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)3.032 E F0 .532 +(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532(Special parameter) +5.532 F F4(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F .533 +(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 201.6 Q F2(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) +-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +218.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.214(these e)108 278.4 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.714 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F1(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F1(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 290.4 S(IL) +1.214(these e)108 230.4 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F2(DEB)3.714 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F4(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F4(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F2(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 242.4 S(IL) .09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 302.4 R F3(declar) +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F4(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 254.4 R F2(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 314.4 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 326.4 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 343.2 S .655 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) +-.25 F F4 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F4(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 266.4 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F4 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F4(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F2(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 278.4 Q F4(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 295.2 S .655 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F4(local) 3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E -3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 355.2 R .051 +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 307.2 R .051 (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) --.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F1(local)2.55 E +-.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F4(local)2.55 E F0 2.55(,t)C .05(he v)-2.55 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sv)-.55 G(isi-)-2.55 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its children \(inc\ -luding the functions it calls\).)108 367.2 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F -(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 379.2 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155 +luding the functions it calls\).)108 319.2 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F +(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 331.2 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155 (ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) -.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.654(ri).15 G .154(nstance, a local v)-2.654 F .154(ariable declared)-.25 F .669(in a function hides a global v)108 -391.2 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \ -to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 403.2 R .688 +343.2 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \ +to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 355.2 R .688 (ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 (When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 415.2 Q .726 -(The shell uses)108 432 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .726(dynamic scoping) +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 367.2 Q .726 +(The shell uses)108 384 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .726(dynamic scoping) 3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G .727(isibility within functions.)-3.227 F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727 -(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 444 R .008 +(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 396 R .008 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) -108 456 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +108 408 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 (ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 468 Q +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 420 Q 2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) -108 480 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E +108 432 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -496.8 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F5 +448.8 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F5 (var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F5(func1) 2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F5(func1)2.724 E F0 .224 (calls another function)2.724 F F5(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 -(references to)108 508.8 R F5(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 +(references to)108 460.8 R F5(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 F F5(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) -2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F5(var)2.963 E F0(from) 2.963 E F5(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F -(y)-.15 E(global v)108 520.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F5(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 537.6 Q F1(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482 +(y)-.15 E(global v)108 472.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F5(var)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The)108 489.6 Q F4(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482 (iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F1(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 -(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 549.6 R .19 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F4(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 +(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 501.6 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 2.72(av)108 561.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \ +-5.19 E 2.72(av)108 513.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \ unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the f\ -unc-)-2.97 F .014(tion returns.)108 573.6 R .014 +unc-)-2.97 F .014(tion returns.)108 525.6 R .014 (Once the function returns, an)5.014 F 2.514(yi)-.15 G .014 (nstance of the v)-2.514 F .013(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .013 (vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .566(If the unset acts on a v) -108 585.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F +108 537.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .567 -(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 597.6 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 614.4 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 +(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 549.6 Q +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 566.4 Q F4(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -626.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +578.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 643.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 595.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F4 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 655.2 R 1.012 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 607.2 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 667.2 R +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F4(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 619.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 679.2 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 631.2 Q F4(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 696 R F1 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 708 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 648 R F4 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F4(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.858 E F4(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 660 R F43.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F4 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F4(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 720 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +.327(\214le and line number)108 672 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +(he)-2.827 E F4(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 (shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(31)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 684 R 1.597 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F43.797 E F0 +1.297(option to the)3.797 F F4(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F +(deleted using the)108 696 Q F42.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F4 +(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi) +108 712.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F4(FUNCNEST)2.871 +E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 724.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(31)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.297 -(automatically ha)108 84 R 1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297 -(hem de\214ned with the).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.797 E F0 -1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F -(deleted using the)108 96 Q F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 -(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi) -108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 -E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 -(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 124.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 136.8 Q .3 --.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -153.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 -(The shell allo)108 165.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 -(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 -(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 177.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183 -(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) -2.683 F F1 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 -(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 189.6 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F -1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(recursi)108 84 Q +.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV) +72 100.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089 +(The shell allo)108 112.8 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 +(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(let)3.588 E F0(and)3.588 E F2(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 124.8 Q(e)-.18 E +F0 -.2(bu)3.452 G .952(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 +(compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 +3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 136.8 Q 1.058 +(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 201.6 R(vity)-.25 E +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 148.8 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 213.6 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +(lo)108 160.8 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) 5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 225.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 -242.4 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25(va)144 254.4 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 266.4 S -F0(unary minus and plus)144 266.4 Q F1(++)108 278.4 Q F3(id)A F1 -2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 290.4 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5(!~)108 302.4 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 302.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 -314.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 314.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 326.4 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 326.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad> -108 338.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 338.4 Q F1(<< >>)108 350.4 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 350.4 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 362.4 Q F0 -(comparison)144 374.4 Q F1(== !=)108 386.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 386.4 Q F1(&)108 398.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 398.4 Q F1(^)108 410.4 Q -F0(bitwise e)144 410.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|) -108 422.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 422.4 Q F1(&&)108 434.4 Q F0(logical AND) -144 434.4 Q F1(||)108 446.4 Q F0(logical OR)144 446.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 -458.4 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 470.4 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 482.4 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G +(of decreasing precedence.)108 172.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 +189.6 Q F2(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 201.6 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 213.6 S +F0(unary minus and plus)144 213.6 Q F2(++)108 225.6 Q F3(id)A F2 +2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 237.6 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5(!~)108 249.6 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 249.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 +261.6 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 261.6 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 273.6 S +F0(multiplication, di)144 273.6 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> +108 285.6 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 285.6 Q F2(<< >>)108 297.6 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 297.6 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 309.6 Q F0 +(comparison)144 321.6 Q F2(== !=)108 333.6 Q F0(equality and inequality) +144 333.6 Q F2(&)108 345.6 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 345.6 Q F2(^)108 357.6 Q +F0(bitwise e)144 357.6 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) +108 369.6 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 369.6 Q F2(&&)108 381.6 Q F0(logical AND) +144 381.6 Q F2(||)108 393.6 Q F0(logical OR)144 393.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 +405.6 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 417.6 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 429.6 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G -(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 494.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 506.4 S -(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 518.4 Q .68 -(Shell v)108 535.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 +(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 441.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 453.6 S +(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 465.6 Q .68 +(Shell v)108 482.4 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 547.2 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 494.4 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 559.2 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G -1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 -(using the parameter e)108 571.2 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.257 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 583.2 R 1.258 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.758(nt).15 G(he) --3.758 E F3(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.258 -(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.758 E 3.758<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.758 E F0(is) -3.758 E .333(assigned a v)108 595.2 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) -2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 -(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 --.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) -2.832 E .332(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 607.2 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 624 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F 3.017 -(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F<8c78> --.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with)5.518 -F 3.283(al)108 636 S .783(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.) --3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G .782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282 -(xadecimal. Otherwise,)-.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 648 R 3.315 -(et)-.1 G .815(he form [)-3.315 F F3(base#)A F0 .815 -(]n, where the optional)B F3(base)3.315 E F0 .816 -(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 F .35 -(the arithmetic base, and)108 660 R F3(n)2.85 E F0 .35 +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 506.4 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G +.165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F +.421(ing the parameter e)108 518.4 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 +(The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F +.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 530.4 R .154 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) +-2.654 E F3(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154 +(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154 +(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 542.4 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 +(null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 +F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F +.657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 +(attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 554.4 Q +(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 571.2 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F +3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F +<8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with) +5.518 F 3.283(al)108 583.2 S .783 +(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G +.782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,) +-.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 595.2 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 +(he form [)-3.315 F F3(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) +3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 +F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 607.2 R F3(n)2.85 E F0 .35 (is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F -(fying)108 672 Q F3(n)3.88 E F0 3.88(,i)C 3.88(fan)-3.88 G 1.38(on-digi\ -t is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.88 -F 1.38(wercase letters, the)-.25 F .018 -(uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 684 R 5.018(.I)-.55 G(f) --5.018 E F3(base)2.518 E F0 .018(is less than or equal to 36, lo)2.518 F -.018(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F +(fying)108 619.2 Q F3(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\ +n-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the l\ +o)-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 +(percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 631.2 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) +-5.518 E F3(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F +.518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 -696 Q .234(Operators are e)108 712.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +643.2 Q .234(Operators are e)108 660 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 724.8 S -(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(32)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 672 S +(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 +(CONDITION)72 688.8 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256(Conditional e)108 +700.8 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)2.755 E F0 .255 +(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([) +2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F .133 +(\214le attrib)108 712.8 R .133 +(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E +F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.634 E F0 .134 +(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 724.8 Q .198 +(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .197 +(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.697(yo) +-.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(32)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 84 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 96 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2 -(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255 -(iltin commands to test).2 F 1.233(\214le attrib)108 108 R 1.233 -(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)6.234 E -F2(test)3.734 E F0(and)3.734 E F2([)3.734 E F0 1.234 -(commands determine their)3.734 F(beha)108 120 Q .997 -(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .996 -(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 3.496(yo) --.15 G .996(ther com-)-3.496 F(mand-speci\214c actions.)108 132 Q .234 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 148.8 R .234 -(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235 -(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .425 -(cially when the)108 160.8 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F -2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F -F2(bash)2.924 E F0 .424(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F -1.153(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate th\ -em internally with this beha)108 172.8 R 1.153(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 -E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.653 E F0(ar)108 184.8 Q .426 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F3(/de)2.926 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.926(,t)C .426(hen \214le descriptor)-2.926 F F3(n) -2.926 E F0 .426(is check)2.926 F 2.926(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.926 E F3 -(\214le)2.926 E F0(ar)2.926 E(gu-)-.18 E .029 -(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 196.8 R F3(/de)2.529 E -(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F3(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) --2.53 E F3(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 -(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(speci\214c actions.)108 84 Q .234 +(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 100.8 R .234 +(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.234 +E F0 .235(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-) +.15 F .425(cially when the)108 112.8 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425 +(re used in e)-2.925 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425 +(the operating system on which)2.925 F F1(bash)2.924 E F0 .424 +(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F .344(special \214les, b\ +ash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them internally with this \ +beha)108 124.8 R .345(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(\214le)2.845 E F0(ar)2.845 E(-)-.2 E .806 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 136.8 R F2(/de)3.306 +E(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.305(,t)C .805(hen \214le descriptor)-3.305 F F2(n) +3.305 E F0 .805(is check)3.305 F 3.305(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.305 E F2 +(\214le)3.305 E F0(ar)3.305 E(gu-)-.18 E .029 +(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 148.8 R F2(/de)2.529 E +(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) +-2.53 E F2(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 +(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 225.6 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 237.6 -Q 1.095(When used with)108 255.6 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 -E F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +108 177.6 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 189.6 +Q 1.095(When used with)108 207.6 R F1([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 +E F1(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 -E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -267.6 Q F2108 291.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 291.6 S -(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 -303.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 303.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2108 -315.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 315.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2 -108 327.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 327.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2 -108 339.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 339.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 351.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 351.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2108 363.6 -Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 363.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2108 375.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 375.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 387.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 387.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +E F1(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +219.6 Q F1108 243.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 243.6 S +(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 +255.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 255.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 +267.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 267.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1 +108 279.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 279.6 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1 +108 291.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 291.6 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 303.6 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 303.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 315.6 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 315.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 327.6 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 327.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 339.6 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 339.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G -(it is set.)-2.5 E F2108 399.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -399.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F2108 411.6 Q F3(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 411.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2108 423.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 423.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2108 435.6 Q F3(fd) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 435.6 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F3(fd)4.47 E -F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2108 447.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 447.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2108 -459.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 459.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2108 471.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 471.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2108 -483.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 483.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 +(it is set.)-2.5 E F1108 351.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +351.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F1108 363.6 Q F2(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 363.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 375.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 375.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1108 387.6 Q F2(fd) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 387.6 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2(fd)4.47 E +F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 399.6 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 399.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1108 +411.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 411.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 423.6 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 423.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 +435.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 435.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 -E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2108 495.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 495.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 507.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F2 -108 519.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 519.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 +E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 447.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 447.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 459.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 459.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 +108 471.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 471.6 S(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F2108 531.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 531.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F3(\214le1)108 543.6 Q F2 -(\255ef)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 555.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F3(\214le1)108 567.6 Q F02.5 E F2 -(nt)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 579.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 -E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F3 -(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3 -(\214le1)108 591.6 Q F02.5 E F2(ot)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -603.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F3(\214le2) -2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2108 615.6 Q -F3(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 627.6 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 -F F3(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 -(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F2 -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 639.6 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2108 651.6 Q F3(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 663.6 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F3(varname) -2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F2 -108 675.6 Q F3(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 687.6 S(ue if the shell v) -.35 E(ariable)-.25 E F3(varname)2.79 E F0 -(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F2108 699.6 Q F3(string) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 711.6 S(ue if the length of).35 E F3(string)2.5 E -F0(is zero.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(33) -185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 483.6 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 483.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 495.6 Q F1 +(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 519.6 Q F02.5 E F1 +(nt)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 531.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 +E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 +(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 +(\214le1)108 543.6 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +555.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2) +2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 567.6 Q +F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 579.6 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 +F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 +(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 591.6 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 603.6 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 615.6 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname) +2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1 +108 627.6 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 639.6 S(ue if the shell v) +.35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0 +(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F1108 651.6 Q F2(string) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 663.6 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E +F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 675.6 Q F1108 687.6 Q F2(string) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 699.6 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E +F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E +(33)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF108 96 Q -F1(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1 -(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F1(string1)108 124.8 Q F2(==)2.5 E -F1(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 136.8 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 148.8 S .861(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 -.861(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .862 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 -160.8 R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(==)2.5 E F1 +(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 96 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 108 S .861(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 .861 +(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .862 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 120 +R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 (command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 172.8 Q F0(\).)A F1 -(string1)108 189.6 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 201.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 218.4 Q F2(<)2.5 -E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 230.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 132 Q F0(\).)A F1 +(string1)108 148.8 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 160.8 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 177.6 Q F2(<)2.5 +E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 189.6 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 247.2 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 259.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1 +E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 206.4 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 218.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 -276 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 288 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +235.2 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 247.2 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1 (ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 300 R -F1(ar)144 312 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar)3.919 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589 -(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte) -.15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E F0 -(command,)144 324 Q F1(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(Ar)4.22 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 .71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71 +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 259.2 +R F1(ar)144 271.2 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar) +3.919 E(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H +3.589(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H +(nte).15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E +F0(command,)144 283.2 Q F1(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(Ar)4.22 +E(g2)-.37 E F0 .71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71 (luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.209(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 336 Q F0(abo)2.25 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) -72 352.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 364.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614 -(wing e)-.25 F .614(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F -(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 376.8 Q(wing order)-.25 -E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 393.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 393.6 R 1.849 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 295.2 Q F0(abo) +2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 312 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 +(When a simple command is e)108 324 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 +(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F +(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 336 Q(wing order)-.25 E +(.)-.55 E(1.)108 352.8 Q 1.849(The w)144 352.8 R 1.849 (ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 422.4 Q 1.163(The w)144 422.4 R -1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -434.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 -(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 446.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 463.2 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 463.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 381.6 Q .179(The w)144 381.6 R .179 +(ords that are not v)-.1 F .179 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)2.68 E 2.68(yw)-.15 G .18(ords remain af-)-2.78 F .347(ter e)144 +393.6 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 +(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346 +(ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 405.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 422.4 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 480 Q .716(The te)144 480 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 -.717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 +108 439.2 Q .716(The te)144 439.2 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 +E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 492 R .339 +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 451.2 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 504 Q .332 -(If no command name results, the v)108 520.8 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 463.2 Q +.332(If no command name results, the v)108 480 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 532.8 S .757 +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 492 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 544.8 -R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 504 R +(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 (he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 556.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 573.6 R +(the command e)108 516 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 532.8 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 585.6 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 544.8 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 602.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 561.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F 4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -614.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +573.6 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 626.4 R .466 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 585.6 R .466 (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 638.4 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 655.2 Q F0 -.547(After a command has been split into w)108 667.2 R .546 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 597.6 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 614.4 Q F0 +.547(After a command has been split into w)108 626.4 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 679.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 638.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 696 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 655.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 708 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 -(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 -E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 720 Q 2.5 +108 667.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G +.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS) +2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 679.2 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(34)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 696 R .31 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 708 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 +720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(34)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 84 R .31 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.81 -E F0 .31(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e) -2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F1(Bash) -5.662 E F0 .662(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914 -(the full pathnames of e)108 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 -(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F1(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 -(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E -4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72(search of the directories in)108 -120 R F2 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .72 +(search of the directories in)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA) +3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 (is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F .719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 132 R F1(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 144 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 -(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 + a de\214ned shell function named)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(command_not_f)3.456 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 108 Q F0 6.006(.I)C +3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in) +-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005 +(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 (vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 -(and the original command')108 156 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G +(and the original command')108 120 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G .255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 (se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F -.263(tus of that subshell.)108 168 R .263(If that function is not de\ +.263(tus of that subshell.)108 132 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 -(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 180 Q 1.089(If the search is successfu\ +(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 144 Q 1.089(If the search is successfu\ l, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 -196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 -(named program in a separate e)108 208.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 +160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 +(named program in a separate e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 (gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 220.8 Q +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 184.8 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 237.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 -(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 -(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 249.6 R/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 -(le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 -(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 -(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 261.6 R .329 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 273.6 R 1.219 -(xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F1(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 285.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9 +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.048(If this e)108 201.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048(cution f).15 F 1.048 +(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049 +(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.549(,i)-.65 G +3.549(ti)-3.549 G 3.549(sa)-3.549 G(s-)-3.549 E .043(sumed to be a)108 +213.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .043(shell script)2.543 F F0 2.543 +(,a\214)C .043(le containing shell commands.)-2.543 F 2.543(As)5.043 G +.042(ubshell is spa)-2.543 F .042(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .042 +(cute it.).15 F .042(This sub-)5.042 F .274 +(shell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 225.6 R .274 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.774(ws)-.25 G .274(hell had been in)-2.774 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.775(dt).1 G 2.775(oh)-2.775 G .275 +(andle the script, with the)-2.775 F -.15(ex)108 237.6 S 2.358 +(ception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) +.15 F F2(hash)4.857 E F0(belo)4.857 E 4.857(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.857 E F1 +(SHELL)4.857 E -.09(BU)108 249.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347 -(If the program is a \214le be)108 302.4 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F1 +(If the program is a \214le be)108 266.4 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F2 (#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\ -\214es an interpreter for the pro-)-2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 314.4 R +\214es an interpreter for the pro-)-2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 278.4 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpre\ ter on operating systems that do not handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv)108 326.4 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F -(ar)3.693 E 1.193 -(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 -(gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 -(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 338.4 R -1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F -(command ar)108 350.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 367.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 -(The shell has an)108 379.2 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E +(cutable).15 E .206(format themselv)108 290.4 R 2.706(es. The)-.15 F(ar) +2.706 E .206(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar) +-.18 F .206(gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .268 +(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 302.4 R +.267(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .267(wed by the com-) +-.25 F(mand ar)108 314.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 331.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 +(The shell has an)108 343.2 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E (onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 -E<83>108 396 Q 1.405(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 396 R +E<83>108 360 Q 1.405(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 360 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.406 -(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F1(exec) -3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 408 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 424.8 Q(the current w)144 -424.8 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(pushd)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G +(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F2(exec) +3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 372 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 388.8 Q(the current w)144 +388.8 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(pushd)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G (nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E<83>108 -441.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 441.6 Q F1(umask)2.5 +405.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 405.6 Q F2(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E<83> -108 458.4 Q(current traps set by)144 458.4 Q F1(trap)2.5 E F0<83>108 -475.2 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 475.2 R .256 -(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .256 +108 422.4 Q(current traps set by)144 422.4 Q F2(trap)2.5 E F0<83>108 +439.2 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 439.2 R .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F2(set)2.756 E F0 .256 (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E -(in the en)144 487.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 504 Q -(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 504 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(in the en)144 451.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 468 Q +(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 468 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 520.8 Q -(options enabled at in)144 520.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) -.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F1(set) -2.5 E F0<83>108 537.6 Q(options enabled by)144 537.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 554.4 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 554.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E -F0<83>108 571.2 Q -.25(va)144 571.2 S +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 484.8 Q +(options enabled at in)144 484.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) +.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F2(set) +2.5 E F0<83>108 501.6 Q(options enabled by)144 501.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 518.4 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 518.4 Q F2(alias)2.5 E +F0<83>108 535.2 Q -.25(va)144 535.2 S (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E -(alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -F2(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426(When a simple command other than a b)108 588 R +(alue of)-.25 E F2($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E +F1(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426(When a simple command other than a b)108 552 R .427(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) --2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 600 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 +-2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 564 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F .133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 612 Q<83>108 628.8 Q 1.055(the shell')144 628.8 R 3.555 +(the shell.)108 576 Q<83>108 592.8 Q 1.055(the shell')144 592.8 R 3.555 (so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 640.8 Q<83>108 657.6 Q(the current w)144 657.6 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 674.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -674.4 Q<83>108 691.2 Q .857(shell v)144 691.2 R .857 +-3.556 F(mand)144 604.8 Q<83>108 621.6 Q(the current w)144 621.6 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 638.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 +638.4 Q<83>108 655.2 Q .857(shell v)144 655.2 R .857 (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 703.2 Q(vironment) --.4 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(35)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 667.2 Q(vironment) +-.4 E<83>108 684 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)144 +684 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 +(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 696 Q +2.5(Ac)108 712.8 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G +2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E +(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E +(vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 729.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30) +141.235 E(35)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q .306 -(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)144 84 R .307 -(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 96 Q 2.5 -(Ac)108 112.8 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E -(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 129.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 141.6 S .244(ubshell en) --2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 -(vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 153.6 R .358 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.744(as)108 84 S +.244(ubshell en)-2.744 F .244 +(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245(vironment, e) +-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F .359 +(reset to the v)108 96 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 165.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 108 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 177.6 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -194.4 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 120 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +136.8 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent) -3.876 F 2.5(shell. When)108 206.4 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +3.876 F 2.5(shell. When)108 148.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E -F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 223.2 +F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 165.6 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) 2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 (ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 -235.2 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 +177.6 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 (therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 (ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 247.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 264 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 276 R --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 -G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 -(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 288 Q F0 -A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 304.8 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 316.8 Q .144(viron\ -ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 328.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 189.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(ENVIR)72 206.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.343(When a program is in)108 218.4 +R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg) +-4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343 +(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F2(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 +E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.344(his is a list of)-7.343 F F2(name)108 230.4 Q +F0A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F2 +(value)A F0(.).18 E .439(The shell pro)108 247.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .438(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F +2.938(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .438(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ +nd creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it fo\ +r)108 259.2 R F2 -.2(ex)3.209 G(port).2 E F0 .709(to child pro-)3.889 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 271.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) 2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 340.8 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 352.8 Q .64 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 -(alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 364.8 -R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 -(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 -(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 376.8 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 -(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) --2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 -(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 -388.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 -405.6 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .562(simple command) -3.402 F F0 .563 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E .332 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 283.2 R +2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 +(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .132 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 295.2 R 2.632(wv)-.25 G .131 +(alue becomes part of the en)-2.882 F .131 +(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .131(The en)5.131 F(vironment)-.4 E +.32(inherited by an)108 307.2 R 2.82(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.97 G .321 +(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 +(nitial en)-2.821 F .321(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .321 +(alues may be modi-)-.25 F .534(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 319.2 R +3.034(yp)-.15 G .534(airs remo)-3.034 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G +3.034(yt)-3.034 G(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an) +3.034 F 3.033(ya)-.15 G .533(dditions via the)-3.033 F F1(export)3.033 E +F0(and)3.033 E F1(de-)3.033 E(clar)108 331.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E +F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 348 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y) +-.15 E F2 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 417.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 360 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 429.6 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 446.4 R F1 -3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 -.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 458.4 Q +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 372 Q(vironment seen by that command.) +-.4 E .81(If the)108 388.8 R F13.31 E F0 .81 +(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 +(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81 +(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 400.8 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 475.2 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +-.4 E(When)108 417.6 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) -3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 487.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 -(EXIT ST)72 504 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 516 R .15 -(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v).15 -F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 +(passed to that command in its en)108 429.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 +(EXIT ST)72 446.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 458.4 R +.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) +.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 (system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 -(tion. Exit)108 528 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 +(tion. Exit)108 470.4 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 (all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 -F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 540 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 482.4 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G .506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F (Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -552 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo) -108 568.8 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 -(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 -(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) --.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 580.8 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 -(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +494.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 +(Fo)108 511.2 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 +(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 523.2 R 2.548(An) +5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 592.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 535.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E (xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 609.6 R +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 552 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 621.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 638.4 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 564 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 580.8 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 655.2 R .08 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 597.6 R .08 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 667.2 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 +-2.581 F(the)108 609.6 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 (cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 679.2 Q(guments.)-.18 -E F1(Bash)108 696 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 +(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 621.6 Q(guments.)-.18 +E F1(Bash)108 638.4 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 708 Q -(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(36)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 650.4 +Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 +(SIGN)72 667.2 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 679.2 Q F1(bash)2.503 E F0 .002 +(is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G +.002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002(raps, it ignores) +-2.502 F F4(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F F1 .002(kill 0) +2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 691.2 Q 1.215 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .915(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.415 E F0 .915 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.165 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.416 G .916(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .916(In all cases,)5.916 F +F1(bash)108 703.2 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 +(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 +E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 +E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 720 Q 1.065 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(36)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 84 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 96 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.183 E F0 .683(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183 -(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM) -3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682 -(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 108 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457 -(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F2(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F -F2(bash)108 120 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F2 -(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) --.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 136.8 -Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 --.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 -148.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F3(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 160.8 R .653 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.247 +(parent. When)108 84 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGINT) +3.248 E F0(and)2.998 E F1(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 +F .653(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 96 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 172.8 Q F3 -(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 189.6 R 2.045 -(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 201.6 Q F0 -1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F3(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 -(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 213.6 Q F4(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) -5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ - to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 225.6 R F2(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 -(SIGHUP)108 237.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 254.4 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash) -2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 108 Q F1 +(SIGTTIN)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F2 +(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F1(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 +124.8 R 2.045(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F1 +(SIGHUP)4.545 E F2(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045 +(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046 +(hell resends the).15 F F1(SIGHUP)108 136.8 Q F0 1.005 +(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent) +6.005 F F1(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr) +-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F1(SIGHUP)108 148.8 +Q F2(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p)5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the sh\ +ell from sending the signal to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357 +(jobs table with the)108 160.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)3.857 E(wn) +-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F1 1.356(SHELL B)3.856 F +(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E 1.356 +(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 +(SIGHUP)108 172.8 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 189.6 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) +2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F1(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -266.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 283.2 Q F2(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F +201.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 218.4 Q F3(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 295.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E -F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 307.2 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ -eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2 -(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 319.2 Q +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 230.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F3(bash)3.163 E +F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .327 +(via the)108 242.4 R F3(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin, the \ +reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F +F3(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F +(turn immediately with an e)108 254.4 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(JOB CONTR)72 336 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 348 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol) --.45 E F0 2.067(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.067(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 360 Q -F5 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 -(ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 372 Q(ernel')-.1 E -2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 388.8 R F5(job) -5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 400.8 R F2 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F2(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F5(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 412.8 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 429.6 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ -umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 446.4 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 458.4 R .732 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 +271.2 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 283.2 S 3.368(bc) +.25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol)-.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti) +3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C +.868(he e)-3.368 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .868 +(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 +295.2 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .165 +(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 +(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164 +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164 +(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 307.2 Q +(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 +G(nd)-2.5 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 324 R +F5(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F +.785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 336 R F3(jobs) +2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F3(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 348 Q +(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 364.8 Q .241(indicating that this job is job nu\ +mber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline asso\ +ciated)108 381.6 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 393.6 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 470.4 Q F5(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 487.2 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) -.7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 499.2 R F5(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 -(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 405.6 Q F5(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.981 -.8 +(To f)108 422.4 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +.7 F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 +F 1.538(tion of a)108 434.4 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 +F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537 +(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -511.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F3(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 523.2 Q -F4(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F5(for) -3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.926 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 -F .145(group ID dif)108 535.2 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +446.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F1(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 458.4 Q +F2(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for) +5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 +F .145(group ID dif)108 470.4 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 (board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 547.2 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F +(ground processes are allo)108 482.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 559.2 R .551 +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 494.4 R .551 (processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 (stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 571.2 R F3 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F +.718(terminal are sent a)108 506.4 R F1 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F (OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 583.2 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 600 R F2(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 612 S +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 518.4 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 535.2 R F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 547.2 S .302(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) -3.572 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +3.572 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 624 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 559.2 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F2(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C (ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ -mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 636 -R(to)108 648 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 +571.2 R(to)108 583.2 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 660 R F2(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 -(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F2(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F2(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 672 Q .948(fect immediately)-.25 -F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 +F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 +(background, the)108 595.2 R F3(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 +(command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F3 +(kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F3(^Z)2.67 E F0 +(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 607.2 R 3.918 +(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.918 F 1.418 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 684 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 700.8 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 712.8 -Q F5(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F5(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +108 619.2 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 636 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 648 Q +F5(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F5(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 724.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F2(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) -135.955 E(37)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +108 660 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F3(%ce)3.09 E F0 +.59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 672 Q F3(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 E +5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 +(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F3(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 +(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F3(%?ce)3.463 E +F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 +(hand, refers to an)108 684 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F3(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 +(in its command line.)2.587 F .087 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 696 Q F3(bash) +2.508 E F0 .008(reports an error)2.508 F 5.008(.T)-.55 G .008 +(he symbols)-5.008 F F3(%%)2.508 E F0(and)2.508 E F3(%+)2.508 E F0 .008 +(refer to the shell')2.508 F 2.508(sn)-.55 G .008(otion of the)-2.508 F +F5(curr)2.708 E .008(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.508(,w).23 G .008(hich is) +-2.508 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 708 R .495 +(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F +(The)5.494 E F5(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 +(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 720 R F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 5.787 +(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F3(%+) +3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(37)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(stopped)108 84 Q -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463 -(fap)-5.963 G .963(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash) -3.463 E F0 .963(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E -F1(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F -.087(hand, refers to an)108 96 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 -(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 -(in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 108 Q F1(bash) -2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 -(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 -(refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w) -.23 G .018(hich is)-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 120 -R .495(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.) --.15 F(The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 -.494(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 132 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 -5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 144 R F1 -(jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 156 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 -(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .257 +(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al) +2.756 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A +.41(and the pre)108 96 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.91 E F0 +5.41(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 168 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 184.8 R +(rent job)108 108 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 124.8 R (ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) -.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C (ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -196.8 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +136.8 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 208.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 225.6 +(equi)108 148.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F (Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 (its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 237.6 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 177.6 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 (ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 249.6 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 189.6 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 (iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 -261.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 278.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1 +201.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 218.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1 (bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 (,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 290.4 R F1 -(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 -(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -302.4 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 314.4 R .604 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 230.4 R F1 +(shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 +(option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) +108 242.4 R(The)5.955 E F1(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a) +5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 254.4 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 326.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E -.644(When the shell is w)108 343.2 R .644 +(and an)108 266.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E +.644(When the shell is w)108 283.2 R .644 (aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E 1.146(return when the job changes state. The)108 355.2 R -F13.646 E F0 1.146(option causes)3.646 F F1(wait)3.646 E F0 1.146 -(to w)3.646 F 1.146(ait until the job or process terminates)-.1 F -(before returning.)108 367.2 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 384 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 396 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 +(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 295.2 R F1 +2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F1(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 +(to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F +(fore returning.)108 307.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 324 Q +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 (cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E -F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 +F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 (when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 -(and the secondary prompt)108 408 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 +(and the secondary prompt)108 348 R F2(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 (when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E -F0(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 -(it reads a command b)108 420 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E +F0(displays)2.927 E F2(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 +(it reads a command b)108 360 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.538 E F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 432 R F1 +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 372 R F1 3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ -as follo)108 444 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 456 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 456 Q F1(\\d)144 468 Q F0 -(the date in "W)180 468 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 480 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 492 -Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime)3.926 E F0 -1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B -(empty)180 504 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 +as follo)108 384 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 396 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 396 Q F1(\\d)144 408 Q F0 +(the date in "W)180 408 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 420 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)A +F1(})A F0(the)180 432 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F +F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 +(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 +444 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 516 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 516 Q F1(\\h)144 528 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 528 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 540 Q F0 -(the hostname)180 540 Q F1(\\j)144 552 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 552 Q F1(\\l)144 -564 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 564 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) --2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 576 Q F0(ne)180 576 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 588 Q F0(carriage return)180 588 Q F1(\\s)144 600 Q F0 -(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 600 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 +(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 456 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 456 Q F1(\\h)144 468 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 468 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 480 Q F0 +(the hostname)180 480 Q F1(\\j)144 492 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 492 Q F1(\\l)144 +504 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 504 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 516 Q F0(ne)180 516 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 +(\\r)144 528 Q F0(carriage return)180 528 Q F1(\\s)144 540 Q F0 +(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 540 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 (\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 -612 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 612 Q F1(\\T) -144 624 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 624 Q F1 -(\\@)144 636 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 636 Q F1 -(\\A)144 648 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 648 Q F1 -(\\u)144 660 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 660 Q F1(\\v)144 -672 Q F0(the v)180 672 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 684 Q F0(the release of)180 684 Q F1 +552 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 552 Q F1(\\T) +144 564 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 564 Q F1 +(\\@)144 576 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 576 Q F1 +(\\A)144 588 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 588 Q F1 +(\\u)144 600 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 600 Q F1(\\v)144 +612 Q F0(the v)180 612 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 624 Q F0(the release of)180 624 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 696 Q F0 .116(the current w) -180 696 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E F3 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 636 Q F0 .116(the current w) +180 636 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E F2 ($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) --.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 708 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 -E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(38)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 648 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 +E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 660 Q F0 +(the basename of the current w)180 660 Q(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w) +-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) +-.25 E F1(\\!)144 672 Q F0(the history number of this command)180 672 Q +F1(\\#)144 684 Q F0(the command number of this command)180 684 Q F1(\\$) +144 696 Q F0(if the ef)180 696 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H +(ID is 0, a).15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E +(\\)144 708 Q F4(nnn)A F0 +(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 708 Q F4(nnn)2.5 E +F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(38)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\W)144 84 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 84 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 96 Q -F0(the history number of this command)180 96 Q F1(\\#)144 108 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 108 Q F1(\\$)144 120 Q F0 -(if the ef)180 120 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 132 Q/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 132 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E -F1(\\\\)144 144 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 144 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 156 Q -F0(be)180 156 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ -could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 168 Q F1(\\])144 180 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 180 Q .12 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 196.8 R -.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\ -on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\ -story \214le \(see)108 208.8 R F2(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(belo)108 220.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ - the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 232.8 R -.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 -(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 244.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F --.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F .471(description of the)108 256.8 R F1(shopt)2.971 E F0 .471 -(command under)2.971 F F2 .471(SHELL B)2.971 F(UIL)-.09 E .471 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.721 E 2.971(w\). This)-.25 F .472 -(can ha)2.972 F .772 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) -108 268.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ -command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 -280.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) -72 297.6 Q F0 .15 +SF(\\\\)144 84 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 84 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 96 Q F0 +(be)180 96 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which cou\ +ld be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) +180 108 Q F1(\\])144 120 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) +180 120 Q .12(The command number and the history number are usually dif) +108 136.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F +.547(position in the history list, which may include commands restored \ +from the history \214le \(see)108 148.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST) +3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 160.8 Q .354(w\), wh\ +ile the command number is the position in the sequence of commands e) +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354(cuted during the current).15 F .822 +(shell session.)108 172.8 R .822(After the string is decoded, it is e) +5.822 F .822(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823 +(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 184.8 R +.683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .683 +(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F F1(pr)3.182 E(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-)3.182 F 1.197 +(scription of the)108 196.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197(command under) +3.697 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F +F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15 +(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef)108 208.8 R .322(fects if\ + escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or c\ +ontain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 220.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 237.6 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 309.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 321.6 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F --.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F13.708 E F0 1.208 -(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G -3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 333.6 Q .851 -(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 345.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +108 249.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 261.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385 +(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F12.884 E F0 .384 +(option to the)2.884 F F1 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.884 G +2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 273.6 S 1.406 +(ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F +3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 285.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 357.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +(\(see)108 297.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 (ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 369.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 386.4 Q +(emacs)108 309.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 326.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 398.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 410.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) --.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 422.4 S .831 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 -3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 -(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 434.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 -(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 -(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 446.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E -(ho)108 475.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) -.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +108 338.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 +(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 350.4 R +(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 +(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653 +(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke) +108 362.4 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke) +3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F +F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 +-.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65 +(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 374.4 R F4 .599 +(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599 +(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599 +(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G +.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F +(the Control k)108 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4 +(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .596 +(Readline commands may be gi)108 403.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096(nn).15 G +(umeric)-3.096 E F4(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G .596 +(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E(ho)108 +415.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 487.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 427.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 499.2 Q +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 439.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 516 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 456 R F4 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 528 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F -.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 468 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 540 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 480 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 552 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 568.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ -tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 580.8 -R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 592.8 R .196(en from the v) --.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G -2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +108 492 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 508.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ +tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 520.8 +R F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .222(is tak)108 532.8 R .222(en from the v) +-.1 F .222(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.722 E F0 -.25(va)2.472 G +2.722(riable. If).25 F .222(that v)2.722 F .223 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .223(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.223 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.223(.W).31 G .223(hen a)-5.223 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 604.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 616.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) +nd the k)108 544.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 556.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) 6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 (wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 -(lines are ignored.)108 628.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(lines are ignored.)108 568.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 (Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 -(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 640.8 R +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 580.8 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 657.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr) +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 597.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 669.6 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 686.4 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 715.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -727.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(39)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 609.6 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 626.4 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 655.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +667.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 679.2 +Q F4(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4 +(univer)2.58 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.011(The follo) +108 696 R 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F4 +-.4(RU)3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F4(ESC) +4.021 E F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)4.21 E F0(,).73 +E F4(RET)4.14 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108.63 708 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4(SPC) +2.83 E F0(,).72 E F4(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd) +-2.5 E F4 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 724.8 R .209(ws k)-.25 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) +-.1 H(s).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(39)190.395 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(into the)108 84 Q -/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G -(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument) --.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo)108 100.8 R 1.261 -(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G -(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 -E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.76 E -F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 112.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 -(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G -(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 -129.6 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G -2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209(ound to a string that is inserted when the k) --2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 141.6 Q F1(macr) -2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 158.4 Q -(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 170.4 R -.666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 -E F0 .366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 -(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .263(command or the te) -108 182.4 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264 -(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .264(The name may be speci-) -5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 194.4 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 -(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 -(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) -3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 206.4 Q .16(When using the form)108 223.2 R F2 --.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E -F1(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161 -(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-) -.15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 235.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) -144 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 271.2 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 283.2 Q .699(In the abo)108 300 R .998 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 312 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w) -2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258 -(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(pressed \(a)108 84 +Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 100.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 112.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) +5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 124.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) +.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .139(\214ed in one of tw)108 +136.8 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 +(ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) +2.638 E F1(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 +(es, or as a k)-.15 F .438 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 148.8 Q +.16(When using the form)108 165.6 R F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A +F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F1(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A +F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 177.6 R(or e) +-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 213.6 Q +(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 225.6 Q .699 +(In the abo)108 242.4 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u) +3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 254.4 Q F2 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1 +(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -324 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 340.8 R F2("k)2.556 +266.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 283.2 R F2("k)2.556 E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) 2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 (fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 (ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 352.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +(denoting an entire k)108 295.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 364.8 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 307.2 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 (xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 376.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve) +(are not recognized.)108 319.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 343.2 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 412.8 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 441.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 355.2 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 367.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 384 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) 3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 453.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G -.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 -(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 -(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 470.4 Q F2 -<5c43ad>144 482.4 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 482.4 Q F2<5c4dad>144 494.4 -Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 494.4 Q F2(\\e)144 506.4 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 506.4 Q F2(\\\\)144 518.4 Q F0(backslash)180 -518.4 Q F2(\\")144 530.4 Q F0(literal ")180 530.4 Q F2<5c08>144 542.4 Q -F0(literal \010)180 542.4 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ -equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 559.2 Q -.25(va)-.2 -G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 571.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 571.2 Q F2(\\b) -144 583.2 Q F0(backspace)180 583.2 Q F2(\\d)144 595.2 Q F0(delete)180 -595.2 Q F2(\\f)144 607.2 Q F0(form feed)180 607.2 Q F2(\\n)144 619.2 Q -F0(ne)180 619.2 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 631.2 Q F0(carriage return)180 -631.2 Q F2(\\t)144 643.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 643.2 Q F2(\\v)144 -655.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 655.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 667.2 Q F1 -(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 667.2 Q +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 396 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(ESC [ 1 1 ~) +3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3(Function Key 1) +2.5 E F0(.)A(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 +412.8 Q F2<5c43ad>144 424.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 424.8 Q F2<5c4dad> +144 436.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 436.8 Q F2(\\e)144 448.8 Q F0 +(an escape character)180 448.8 Q F2(\\\\)144 460.8 Q F0(backslash)180 +460.8 Q F2(\\")144 472.8 Q F0(literal ")180 472.8 Q F2<5c08>144 484.8 Q +F0(literal \010)180 484.8 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ +equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 501.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 +G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 513.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 513.6 Q F2(\\b) +144 525.6 Q F0(backspace)180 525.6 Q F2(\\d)144 537.6 Q F0(delete)180 +537.6 Q F2(\\f)144 549.6 Q F0(form feed)180 549.6 Q F2(\\n)144 561.6 Q +F0(ne)180 561.6 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 573.6 Q F0(carriage return)180 +573.6 Q F2(\\t)144 585.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 585.6 Q F2(\\v)144 +597.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 597.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 609.6 Q F1 +(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 609.6 Q (alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 679.2 Q F1(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 679.2 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 621.6 Q F1(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 621.6 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te)108 -696 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indi\ -cate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 708 R .089 +638.4 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ +dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 650.4 R .089 (xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve) --.15 G(are e)108 720 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E -2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(40)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 G(are e)108 662.4 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 +E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 679.2 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 +(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.929 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 691.2 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F22.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F2(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 703.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(40)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Bash)108 84 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 --.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 -F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 96 R .345 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.546 E F0 .046 -(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 108 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 124.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 136.8 -R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F +SF(Readline V)87 84 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 96 R +.043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.553 E -(tr)108 148.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E -F1(set)144 165.6 Q F3(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 -177.6 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F2 -(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 194.4 R .79(ariables can tak) --.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or) -3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79 -(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 206.4 R .448 -(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) --.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 +(riable may be set in the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.553 E +(tr)108 108 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1 +(set)144 124.8 Q F2(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 +136.8 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 153.6 R .79 +(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1 +(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 +165.6 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F +.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 177.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 (he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -230.4 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 247.2 Q F0 .011 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 259.2 R .011 +189.6 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 206.4 Q F0 .011 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 218.4 R .011 (ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 -(rings the bell.)144 271.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +(rings the bell.)144 230.4 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) -.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A -(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 283.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 295.2 Q F0 .056 -(If set to)144 307.2 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 242.4 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 254.4 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 266.4 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 319.2 Q -.15 +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 278.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 331.2 Q(en \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 343.2 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 290.4 Q(en \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 302.4 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 (eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F -(parenthesis is inserted.)144 355.2 Q F1(color)108 367.2 Q +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 314.4 Q F1(color)108 326.4 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) -144 379.2 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ +144 338.4 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.935(completions using a dif)144 391.2 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F +2.935(completions using a dif)144 350.4 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 403.2 Q -F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 415.2 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 427.2 R F1(On)4.08 E +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 362.4 Q +F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 374.4 Q +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 386.4 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 -439.2 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E +398.4 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E (alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 451.2 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 -E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 463.2 R F1 +(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 410.4 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 +E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 422.4 R F1 (insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 475.2 Q F1 +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 434.4 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) -108 487.2 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\ -ble matches when performing completion.)144 499.2 R .193(The v)144 511.2 +108 446.4 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\ +ble matches when performing completion.)144 458.4 R .193(The v)144 470.4 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the termina\ l screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 523.2 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 535.2 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 547.2 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 482.4 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 494.4 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 506.4 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 559.2 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 -571.2 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 518.4 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 +530.4 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) 2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F -.093(yphens \()-.05 F F3A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093(nd underscores)-2.593 -F(\()144 583.2 Q F3(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) +.093(yphens \()-.05 F F2A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093(nd underscores)-2.593 +F(\()144 542.4 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) -.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 -H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 595.2 Q +H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 554.4 Q (e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ -splayed)144 607.2 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 619.2 R 1.275 +splayed)144 566.4 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 578.4 R 1.275 (When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) --.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 631.2 S(lue are rep\ +-.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 590.4 S(lue are rep\ laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 643.2 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 655.2 R .53 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 602.4 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 614.4 R .53 (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 667.2 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) +144 626.4 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) 3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56 (ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 -679.2 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ -qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 691.2 S .237 +638.4 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ +qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 650.4 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 703.2 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(41)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 662.4 Q F1(con)108 +674.4 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 686.4 +R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) +144 698.4 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 +F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 710.4 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 +(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) +-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(41)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(con)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to) -144 96 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F -.913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 -(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 108 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 120 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E -(ault is)-.1 E F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E -F2(Of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 -E F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 132 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 144 R -F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +SF(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 96 R F1 +(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 156 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 168 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 -(When set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G +144 108 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 120 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 +(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 192 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 204 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 216 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 -(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 228 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 240 Q F0 .518(If the)144 252 -R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G -.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) -.25 F .622 -(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 264 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F -.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 276 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G -.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F -.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 288 S 2.798 +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 144 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 156 Q F0 .141 +(Controls whether readline be)144 168 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(Emacs)2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) +5.142 E F0(can be set to either)144 180 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 +(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 192 Q F0 .518 +(If the)144 204 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +-.25(va)3.018 G .517 +(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 +F .622(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti) +144 216 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622 +(alue is e)-.25 F .622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 228 +S 3.34(yb)-.05 G .839 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F .839 +(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 240 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 300 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 312 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 -1.222(When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +144 252 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 264 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 +1.222(When set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 336 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +(paste into the editing b)144 288 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 -(it had been read from the k)144 348 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +(it had been read from the k)144 300 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) .15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 360 Q F1(enable\255k)108 372 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 -(When set to)144 384 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +144 312 Q F1(enable\255k)108 324 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +(When set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 396 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 408 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 348 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 360 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 372 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 432 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 384 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 444 Q F0(If set to)144 456 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 396 Q F0(If set to)144 408 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 468 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 480 R F1(On) -3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 492 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G -(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 504 Q F0 .949 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 -(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 528 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 -(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v) -2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 540 R .277(By def)5.278 F +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 420 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 432 R F1(On)3.052 +E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ +e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E +F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\)) +108 456 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 468 R +-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.) +-3.448 F .948(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 +E .482(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 480 R 2.982(we)-.25 G +.483(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483 +(set to a v)2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 492 R .277(By def)5.278 F .277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 552 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 504 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F 3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 (history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 564 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 576 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 588 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 516 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 528 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 540 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 600 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 612 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 624 -Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ + ne)144 552 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 564 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 576 +Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 588 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ -it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 648 R -.05(ga) +it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 600 R -.05(ga) -.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name)5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as) -144 660 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +144 612 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) -.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 (,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 -(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 672 Q F1 -(isear)108 684 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 624 Q F1 +(isear)108 636 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.935(ing the character as a command.)144 708 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +ental search without subsequently e)144 648 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.935(ing the character as a command.)144 660 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 720 Q F2 -(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(42)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 672 Q F2 +(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) +108 684 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 696 +R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .042 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 708 R F0 2.542(,a)C +(nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 +(is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) +2.541 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.541 E F0 1.529(is equi)144 720 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.529(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.029 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.529(.T)C +1.529(he def)-6.529 F 1.529(ault v)-.1 F 1.529(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) +4.219 E F0 4.029(;t).27 G 1.529(he v)-4.029 F 1.53(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(editing\255mode)4.03 E F0(also)4.03 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(42)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(ke)108 84 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02 -(Set the current readline k)144 96 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F -2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 -(map names is).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.021 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 108 R F0 2.568(,a)C -(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 -(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 120 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C -1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) -4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 132 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 144 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 156 R -F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(af)144 84 Q +(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(ke)108 96 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368 +(Speci\214es the duration)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re) +2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 168 R -1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) --.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 180 R .62 --.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 192 R .907 -(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 -(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 -(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 204 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) -.37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 -F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 216 R(alue,)-.25 +-.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 120 R .824 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E +3.025(,o)-.4 G 3.025(rc)-3.025 G .525(an tak)-3.025 F 3.025(ea)-.1 G +.525(dditional in-)-3.025 F .807(put to complete a longer k)144 132 R +1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei) +3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .806(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F +F2 -.37(re)3.306 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.306 E .906(use the shorter b) +144 144 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 +(equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 +(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907(alue of)-.25 F +.05(1000 means that)144 156 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 +(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05 +(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 168 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.552 E(to decide which k)144 228 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 240 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 252 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 180 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 192 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 204 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 264 Q F0(If set to)144 -276 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 216 Q F0(If set to)144 +228 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 288 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 300 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 240 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 312 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 264 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 324 Q F0 .192(This v)144 336 R +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 276 Q F0 .192(This v)144 288 R .192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 348 R .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 300 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) -2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 360 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 372 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 384 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 312 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 324 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.585(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 396 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 408 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 348 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 360 Q F0 +.507(If set to)144 372 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 432 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 384 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .885 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 444 Q F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 456 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 468 R F1(On) +(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 396 Q F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 408 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 420 R F1(On) 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 480 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 492 Q F0 1.318 -(If set to)144 504 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 -F(order)144 516 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 528 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .699(If set to)144 540 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 +(tions at a time.)144 432 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 444 Q F0 .227 +(If set to)144 456 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ +lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or) +-2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 468 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E +(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 480 T +(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .699(If set to)144 492 R +F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 552 S +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 504 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 564 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 576 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .304(This alters the def)144 588 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 516 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 528 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 540 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) 2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 600 R(bell.)144 612 Q F1 -(sho)108 624 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 636 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 552 R(bell.)144 564 Q F1 +(sho)108 576 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 588 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 648 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +-.1 F F1(sho)144 600 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C 4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 660 R 3.54 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 612 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 672 Q F1 -(sho)108 684 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 -(If set to)144 696 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 624 Q F1 +(sho)108 636 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 +(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 (dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F -(command, or vi insertion.)144 708 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E -(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(43)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(command, or vi insertion.)144 660 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E +(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 672 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 684 R +F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 696 Q +2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 +F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 708 R +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 720 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(43)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 96 R -F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 108 Q -2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 -F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 120 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 132 Q -(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 144 Q F0 .517(If the)144 -156 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 +SF(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 84 Q F0 .517(If the)144 +96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -168 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475(The v) -5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 180 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.735 -(eak)-.1 G 1.535 -.15(ey b)-3.835 H 1.236 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.236 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 192 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F -.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ -an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 204 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 216 Q F0 .517 -(If the)144 228 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +108 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475(The v) +5.475 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 120 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.83(eak) +-.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .33 +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 132 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F +.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 +144 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 156 Q F0 .517 +(If the)144 168 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -240 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) -5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 252 S 1.929(panded lik).15 F -4.429(eak)-.1 G 2.229 -.15(ey b)-4.529 H 1.929 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.93 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 264 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F -.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ -an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 276 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 -300 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le') --3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 -E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 312 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 328.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 340.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +180 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) +5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 192 S .923(panded lik).15 F +3.423(eak)-.1 G 1.223 -.15(ey b)-3.523 H .924 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .924 +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 204 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F +.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 +216 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 228 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 240 R +F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F +3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 +(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B +(when listing possible completions.)144 252 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 268.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 280.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 352.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(which allo)108 292.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 381.6 Q F0(The)144 381.6 Q F1($if)2.963 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 321.6 Q F0(The)144 321.6 Q F1($if)2.963 E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F -(or the application using readline.)144 393.6 Q(The te)5 E +(or the application using readline.)144 333.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E -(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 405.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ +(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 345.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 422.4 Q F0(The)180 422.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) +144 362.4 Q F0(The)180 362.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) 3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F -3.065(mode. This)180 434.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) +3.065(mode. This)180 374.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 -(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 446.4 R +(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 386.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F -(out in emacs mode.)180 458.4 Q F1(term)144 475.2 Q F0(The)180 475.2 Q +(out in emacs mode.)180 398.4 Q F1(term)144 415.2 Q F0(The)180 415.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 487.2 R +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 427.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 499.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 439.2 Q F1(=)3.232 E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -511.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 -(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 528 S(rsion).1 E F0(The) -180 540 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +451.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E +F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 468 S(rsion).1 E F0 +(The)180 480 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 (test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 -(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 552 Q F1 -.1 -(ve)3.929 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.929 G 1.428 -(pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.428 -(set of comparison operators)3.928 F(includes)180 564 Q F1(=)2.605 E F0 -2.605(,\()C(and)-2.605 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1 -(<=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(>=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(<)2.606 E F0 2.606(,a)C(nd) --2.606 E F1(>)2.606 E F0 5.106(.T)C .106(he v)-5.106 F .106 -(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.472 -(of the operator consists of a major v)180 576 R 1.471(ersion number) --.15 F 3.971(,a)-.4 G 3.971(no)-3.971 G 1.471 -(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.971 F .766(optional minor v)180 588 R -.766(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.266 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B -.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.267 E F0(.)A -1.756(The operator may be separated from the string)180 600 R F1 -.1(ve) -4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.755(and from the v)4.255 F 1.755(ersion number) --.15 F(ar)180 612 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144 -628.8 Q F0(The)180 640.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 -(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F -.503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -652.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 492 Q F1 -.1 +(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272 +(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271 +(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 504 Q F1(=)3.063 E +F0 3.063(,\()C(and)-3.063 E F1(==)3.063 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.063 E F0(,)A +F1(<=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.063 E F0 3.063(,a)C(nd) +-3.063 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.564(.T)C .564(he v)-5.564 F .564 +(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 +(of the operator consists of a major v)180 516 R .318(ersion number)-.15 +F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 +(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 528 R +.1(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.6 E F0 .1(\). If the minor v)B .101 +(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.601 E F0 5.101(.T) +C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 540 R F1 +-.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 +(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 552 Q F1 +(application)144 568.8 Q F0(The)180 580.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 +.503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 +F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 +592.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -664.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +604.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 676.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(ci\214c program.)180 616.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 688.8 -Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 712.8 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 724.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) --.25 E(ord)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(44) -185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 628.8 +Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 652.8 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 664.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) +-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 676.8 Q F1($endif)180 +688.8 Q F2(variable)144 705.6 Q F0(The)180 717.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E +F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E 1.901(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +729.6 R F2(=)4.401 E F0(,)A F2(==)4.401 E F0 4.401(,a)C(nd)-4.401 E F2 +(!=)4.401 E F0 6.901(.T)C 1.901(he v)-6.901 F 1.9(ariable name must be) +-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(44)190.395 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($endif)180 -96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)144 112.8 Q F0(The)180 124.8 Q F2 -(variable)3.776 E F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 -(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 -136.8 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 -(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 -(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ -or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 148.8 R .13 -(the v)180 160.8 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F -.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F -(tested. Boolean v)180 172.8 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E -(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 189.6 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) -144 189.6 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 -(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 206.4 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) -144 206.4 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 -223.2 Q F0 .356(This directi)144 235.2 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E -.356(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.448(separated f\ +rom the comparison operator by whitespace; the operator may be separate\ +d)180 84 R .833(from the v)180 96 R .833 +(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F .833 +(Both string and boolean v)5.833 F(ariables)-.25 E +(may be tested. Boolean v)180 108 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E +(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.5 E F0 +(and)2.5 E F1(of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($endif)108 +124.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 124.8 Q(vious e)-.25 E +(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F2($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F2($else) +108 141.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 141.6 Q F2($if)2.5 E +F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F2($include)108 158.4 Q F0 .356 +(This directi)144 170.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 247.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 --.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 271.2 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 288 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 300 R .835 +144 182.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F1(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F2 +($include)144 206.4 Q F1(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F2(Sear)87 223.2 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 235.2 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 312 Q -(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E -(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 328.8 R .697 +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 247.2 Q +(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F1(incr)2.51 E +(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F1(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 264 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 340.8 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 276 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 352.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G -.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 364.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) -2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 288 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 +(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 +(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) +108 300 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F2(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 376.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 312 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 388.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 -(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 400.8 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) -108 417.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 429.6 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 441.6 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .174 +F .097(mental search.)108 324 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ +l search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096(When the search is) +5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ +mes the current line.)108 336 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 352.8 T 1.339(nd \ +other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ + as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 +364.8 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F +.674(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E +5.674(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 376.8 R .474 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 453.6 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +.541(instance, a)108 388.8 R F1(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 (will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 465.6 -Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 482.4 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 400.8 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 417.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) -3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 494.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 429.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 511.2 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 446.4 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 523.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 540 Q F0 1.391 -(The follo)108 552 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 458.4 Q F2(Readline Command Names)87 475.2 Q F0 1.391 +(The follo)108 487.2 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 564 R .122 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 499.2 R .122 (names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 576 Q F2(point)3.41 E -F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 511.2 Q F1(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F1(mark)3.411 E F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 588 Q F0 2.5 +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F2(set\255mark)108 523.2 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 604.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 616.8 Q F0(Mo)144 628.8 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 640.8 Q F0(Mo)144 652.8 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 -664.8 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 676.8 Q .3 -.15(ve f) --.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 688.8 Q F0(Mo)144 700.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b) --.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(45)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 540 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E +(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 552 Q F0(Mo)144 564 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 576 Q F0(Mo)144 588 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 600 S +(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 612 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 +624 Q F0(Mo)144 636 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E +F2 -.25(fo)108 648 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 660 +Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 +(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 672 Q F2(backward\255w)108 684 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 696 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(45)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q -.823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523 -(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 -(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 108 Q F1(backward\255w)108 120 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) --.1 E F0(Mo)144 132 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 -(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 144 Q F1(shell\255f)108 156 Q -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 168 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) --.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F -(ters.)144 180 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 192 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -204 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) -.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 216 Q -F1(pr)108 228 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 -.891(Attempt to mo)144 240 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891 +SF(shell\255f)108 84 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .784 +-.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484 +(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W)-.1 F .484 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F(ters.)144 108 +Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 132 Q .908 +-.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609 +(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 144 Q +F1(pr)108 156 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 +.891(Attempt to mo)144 168 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891 (oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .89(vious ph)-.25 F .89(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha) -144 252 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 +144 180 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G -3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 264 Q(ysical line or if\ +3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 192 Q(ysical line or if\ point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\ -th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 276 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 -(Attempt to mo)144 288 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638(oint to the same ph) +th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 204 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 +(Attempt to mo)144 216 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638(oint to the same ph) .15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637 -(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)144 300 R .309 -.15 +(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)144 228 R .309 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G 2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ -length of the prompt plus)144 312 R(the screen width.)144 324 Q F1 -(clear\255scr)108 336 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 348 R .993 +length of the prompt plus)144 240 R(the screen width.)144 252 Q F1 +(clear\255scr)108 264 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 276 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 360 Q F1 -.18(re)108 372 +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 288 Q F1 -.18(re)108 300 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -384 Q F1(Commands f)87 400.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 412.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 -(Accept the line re)144 424.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +312 Q F1(Commands f)87 328.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 340.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 +(Accept the line re)144 352.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) 5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 436.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(according to the state of the)144 364.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 448.8 Q F1(pr)108 -460.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 472.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 484.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 496.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 376.8 Q F1(pr)108 +388.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 400.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 412.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 424.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 508.8 Q F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .3 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 436.8 Q F0(Mo)144 448.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 532.8 Q F0(Mo)144 544.8 Q +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 460.8 Q F0(Mo)144 472.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 556.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.471(Search backw)144 568.8 R 1.471 +(re v)108 484.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 +1.471(Search backw)144 496.8 R 1.471 (ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 580.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 592.8 S +(This is an incremental search.)144 508.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 520.8 S (rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 604.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) +(Search forw)144 532.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) -.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 616.8 Q F1 -(non\255incr)108 628.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 544.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 556.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H (rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) -144 640.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ -sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 652.8 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 664.8 Q +144 568.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 580.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 592.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 676.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 604.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 -688.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 700.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 712.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +616.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 628.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 640.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 724.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(46)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(and the point.)144 652.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 +(history\255sear)108 664.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) +144 676.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ +etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 688.8 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) +108 700.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 712.8 R .951 +(ard through the history for the string of characters between the start\ + of the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the) +144 724.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B +.007(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(46)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) -144 96 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters betw\ -een the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 108 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) -108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard\ - through the history for the string of characters between the start of \ -the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 -144 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 -(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 -(line. This)144 156 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -(history\255substring\255sear)108 168 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.249(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(line. This)144 +84 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(history\255substring\255sear)108 96 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 +.249(Search forw)144 108 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 -(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F +(and the point.)144 120 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F .319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) -5.319 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 228 R .622 +5.319 F(search.)144 132 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 144 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 156 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 -240 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.294 E F0 -3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 -(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) --2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 264 R .281(vious command.) --.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 276 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 288 Q +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144 +168 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.633 E F0 3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F +F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773(ord from the pre)-.1 F .773 +(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 180 Q .292 +(vious command be)-.25 F .292(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F +2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +-.18(rg).15 G .291(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B +.291(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 192 R .281 +(vious command.)-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 +E F0 .281(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 204 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 228 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 (vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 240 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) -.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 252 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 336 R(An)6.396 E -3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 348 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 -H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G -(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 +.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 264 R(An)5.416 E +2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416 +(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 276 R 1.518 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 360 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 288 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -372 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .623 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 396 R .622 +300 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 312 Q F0 .623 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 324 R .622 (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 408 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 336 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .938 -(Perform history e)144 432 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 348 Q F0 .938 +(Perform history e)144 360 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 456 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 468 R 1.627 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 -(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 504 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 384 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 396 R .438 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E F3 +(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 408 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) +-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 420 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 432 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 540 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 552 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 564 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 444 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 456 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 468 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 480 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 492 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 576 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 504 Q F0 .948 +(Accept the current line for e)144 516 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 -(history for editing.)144 600 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F +(history for editing.)144 528 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F .729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) --.18 F(the current line.)144 612 Q F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 624 Q F0(In)144 -636 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 -(ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 648 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL) --.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0 -(and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 664.8 Q(or Changing T) --.25 E(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 676.8 Q F1 -(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 688.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 -(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 700.8 R +-.18 F(the current line.)144 540 Q F1 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 552 Q F0(In)144 +564 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146 +(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E +(tempts to in)144 576 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and) +2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G +(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 592.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E +(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 604.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 +E F0 .798(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 616.8 +R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C +3.299(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 628.8 R .592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 712.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(47)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(as the end of input and returns)144 640.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F1 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 652.8 Q F0 .441 +(Delete the character at point.)144 664.8 R .442 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 676.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +-2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) +108 688.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 700.8 R +5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 712.8 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(47)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 84 Q F0 .441 -(Delete the character at point.)144 96 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 -E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 120 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 132 R 5.553 -(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 144 Q F1 -.25 -(fo)108 156 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 168 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 96 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 180 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 192 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 -204 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 108 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 120 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +132 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) -.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 (nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C -(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 216 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) -108 228 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 252 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 264 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 276 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 288 R .321 +(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 144 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) +108 156 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 168 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 180 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 192 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) +108 204 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 216 R .321 (ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 (he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 -(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 300 -R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 312 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 --.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 324 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -336 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +(ard as well.)-.1 F .372 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 228 +R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 +240 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 252 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +264 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) -2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 348 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 360 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 372 +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 276 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 288 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 300 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E -(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 396 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 408 Q 1.647 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 312 S(rd, b).1 E +(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 324 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 336 Q 1.647 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 432 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 444 +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 348 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 360 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 372 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 456 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 468 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 480 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 396 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 408 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 492 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +(Wi)144 420 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 (gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 504 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 432 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) 4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 516 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 444 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 528 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +.957(pushing the te)144 456 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 (Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 540 Q +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 468 Q (By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -556.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 568.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 580.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 592.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 604.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 616.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 628.8 +484.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 496.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 508.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 520.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 532.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 544.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 556.8 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 640.8 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 568.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -652.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 676.8 R .728 +580.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 592.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 604.8 R .728 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 688.8 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 616.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 700.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 712.8 Q(ord behind point.) +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 628.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 640.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(48)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 652.8 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 664.8 +R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 676.8 S +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) +108 688.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 700.8 R 3.025 +(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 712.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(48)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 132 R 3.025 -(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 156 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 168 R .364 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -180 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 192 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 -204 R .166 +SF(unix\255w)108 84 Q(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w) +144 96 R .364(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365 +(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365 +(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he) +-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 108 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 120 Q +F0 .167(Kill the w)144 132 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 216 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 144 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 228 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 240 Q F1(kill\255r)108 252 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 264 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 276 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 288 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 156 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 168 Q F1(kill\255r)108 180 +Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 192 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E +(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 204 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) +144 216 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +(copy\255backward\255w)108 228 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 240 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 324 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 336 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 348 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 252 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 264 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 276 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) -.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 --.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 372 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 384 S +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 288 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 300 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 312 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 396 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 324 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 336 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 424.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 436.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 352.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 364.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 448.8 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 376.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 472.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 484.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 400.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 412.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -496.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -508.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +424.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +436.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 520.8 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 448.8 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 532.8 R 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 460.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 544.8 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 472.8 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 556.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 484.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 573.6 Q(complete \(T)108 585.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 597.6 R 1.137 +87 501.6 Q(complete \(T)108 513.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 525.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 609.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 537.6 Q .532(xt as a v) -.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 621.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +144 549.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 633.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 645.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 669.6 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 681.6 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 561.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 573.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 585.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 597.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 609.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -693.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 705.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -717.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +621.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 633.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +645.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 729.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +1.193(possible completions.)144 657.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(49)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 669.6 R .828 +(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 681.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F +.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 693.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 +(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 +E(through the list.)144 705.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E +(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(49)190.395 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .829 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 84 R .828 -(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F -.727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2 -(n)3.228 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 108 R 1.73 -(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 --.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 --.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 120 Q -(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 -2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(menu\255complete\255backward)108 132 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 144 R F1 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(menu\255complete\255backward)108 84 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 96 R F1 (menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 156 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) +(menu\255complete)144 108 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) .15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 168 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 180 R .234 +(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 120 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 132 R .234 (ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 144 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -204 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 216 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 228 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q +156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 168 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 180 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 192 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 204 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 264 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q +(complete\255user)108 216 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 228 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 288 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q +108 240 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -312 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q +264 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 336 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(possible\255v)108 288 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 312 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 336 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 360 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 384 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 396 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 420 R .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 360 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 384 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 396 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 456 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 408 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 432 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1(dab)108 516 Q(br)-.1 E +(for possible completion matches.)144 456 Q F1(dab)108 468 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 528 R .611 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 480 R .611 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 552 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 492 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 504 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 564 R(the list is a)144 576 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 516 R(the list is a)144 528 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 592.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 616.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 544.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 556.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 568.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 628.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 640.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 580.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 592.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 616.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) -.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 676.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 700.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F2(inputr)2.5 -E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) -135.955 E(50)185.115 E 0 Cg EP + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 628.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 640.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 652.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 +(Miscellaneous)87 669.6 Q -.18(re)108 681.6 S.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 693.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 +(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(50)190.395 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) --.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R -5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 168 Q(wer)-.1 E -(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.239 -E F0 1.739 +SF(abort \(C\255g\))108 84 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 96 R 5.749 +(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +(bell\255style)144 108 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 120 Q(wer)-.1 E +(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739 +(If the meta\214ed character)144 132 R F2(x)4.239 E F0 1.739 (is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 -F(meta\214ed lo)144 192 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) +F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) -5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E -(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 204 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 -(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 156 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 +(Metafy the ne)144 168 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F -3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E -F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 180 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 192 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 216 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F +2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0 +.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F +(turn the line to its initial state.)144 228 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 240 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 252 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 312 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 264 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 276 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 -348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 288 Q F0(Sw)144 +300 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) -144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 384 S +144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 324 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 336 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 420 S 1.044 +144 348 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 360 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 372 S 1.044 (haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 444 Q F0 1.826 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 456 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 384 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 396 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 408 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) -.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 468 R .791 +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 420 R .791 (Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 432 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 (sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) -.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ -y characters into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) --.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 504 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +y characters into the editing b)144 444 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 456 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +468 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 480 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) -.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 --.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .245 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 492 Q .245 (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 -(the characters at the be)144 552 R .321 +(the characters at the be)144 504 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1 +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 516 R F1 (comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 (ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 576 R 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 528 R 1.468 (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .84 +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 540 Q F0 .84 (causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 600 Q -.15 +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 552 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 624 R .791 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 564 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 576 R .791 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 636 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 588 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ -le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 660 R .176 +le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 600 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) +-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 612 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 624 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 684 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 696 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 708 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 636 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 648 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 660 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 672 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 -(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(51)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 +(ex)144 684 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 696 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 708 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 720 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E F2(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(51) +190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) -5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 156 R .304 -(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 204 Q -.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(dump\255v)108 84 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 .762 +(Print all of the settable readline v)144 96 R .762 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 108 R .109 +(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(in-) +2.608 E(putr)144 120 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 132 +Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592(Print all of the readline k)144 144 R .892 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .592(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F +3.093(yo)-.15 G 3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 +E(ar)144 156 Q .528 +(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q +(\214le.)144 168 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 180 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 192 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 -268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 208.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +220.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +F2(compspec)108 232.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 (as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 244.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 261.6 R .497 (If the command w)5.497 F .498 (ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 -321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +273.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) 2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) 5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 285.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 297.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F .822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 309.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 321.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 (If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0 .056 -(option to)108 381.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +(option to)108 333.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F -.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 393.6 R .332(ord as a \ +.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 345.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108 -405.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ -d to generate the list of matching w)108 422.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F -3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 434.4 Q +357.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ +d to generate the list of matching w)108 374.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F +3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 386.4 Q (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 451.2 R +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 403.2 R .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 463.2 R .595 +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 415.2 R .595 (When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 475.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 492 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G +(shell v)108 427.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 444 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 504 S +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 456 S .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 (ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 (shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 516 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 532.8 Q +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 468 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 484.8 Q .321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 (The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -544.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +496.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F .413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 556.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(using brace e)108 508.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 (xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 -568.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +520.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -580.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +532.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 (rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 592.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 609.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 621.6 R -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 -(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 633.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 544.8 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .233 +(After these matches ha)108 561.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233 +(een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F12.734 E +F0(and)2.734 E F12.734 E F0(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108 +573.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208 +(the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208 +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.708 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.458 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 585.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 (va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 (alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 (Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -645.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +597.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 (riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 657.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(the function or command is in)108 609.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C 2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 669.6 R .264 +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 621.6 R .264 (gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) -2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 681.6 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 633.6 R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 693.6 R +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 645.6 R .715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 705.6 Q(An)108 722.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 +108 657.6 Q(An)108 674.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 (unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 (function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(52)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 686.4 Q F1 +(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 +698.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 +E(Ne)108 715.2 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) +-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 727.2 +R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ +d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(52)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457 -(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456 -(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(COMPREPL)108 96 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E -(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 112.8 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F -2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 -.081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581 -(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F --.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 -124.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the s\ -tandard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F -(to escape a ne)108 136.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 153.6 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 165.6 R -.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 177.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G -(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(to escape a ne)108 +84 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 100.8 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF2.877 E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F +3.182(list. The)108 112.8 R .682 +(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681(xpansion; a) +-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 +F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522(the w)108 124.8 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 +F 3.022(Al)5.522 G(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 189.6 R +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 136.8 R (An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 201.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 148.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 213.6 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 160.8 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -230.4 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 +177.6 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 242.4 Q .246 -(If the pre)108 259.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 189.6 Q .246 +(If the pre)108 206.4 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) 2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F -F1(complete)108 271.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +F1(complete)108 218.4 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 288 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 -F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +(If the)108 235.2 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 300 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 247.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 316.8 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(By def)108 264 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 328.8 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +.632(of possible completions.)108 276 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 E +F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 340.8 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 352.8 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 288 R .558 +(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 +F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 300 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 (e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 364.8 Q F0 1.207 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 312 Q F0 1.207 (option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -376.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) -2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 393.6 R .632(tions force\ - readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 405.6 R 2.762(to the v)108 417.6 R 2.762 +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 324 +Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E +.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ +d, the programmable completion func-)108 340.8 R .632(tions force readl\ +ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ +rectories, subject)108 352.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 364.8 R 2.762 (alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 (readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 429.6 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 376.8 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -446.4 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 -(tion with a def)108 458.4 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 +393.6 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +(tion with a def)108 405.6 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ -uld be retried by returning an e)108 470.4 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 +uld be retried by returning an e)108 417.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 482.4 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 494.4 R .666 +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 429.6 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 441.6 R .666 (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 (cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 -506.4 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) +453.6 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) -.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F -.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 518.4 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 465.6 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 535.2 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +E -.15(Fo)108 482.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 547.2 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 494.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 564 Q({)108 576 Q 6(.") -144 588 S(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 -E(})108 600 Q -(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 612 Q -/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 640.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372 -(When the)108 652.8 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 +E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 511.2 Q({)108 523.2 Q 6 +(.")144 535.2 S +(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 +547.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 +559.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 588 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 +.372(When the)108 600 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 (option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F5 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 664.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 -(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va) -2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .43(mands to sa) -108 676.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F -.43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429 -(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929 -(d. 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The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -688.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 700.8 -S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +636 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 648 S +4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 -(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F2(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 712.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0 .082 +(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 +(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 660 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 729.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 -E F5(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(53)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +108 676.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +688.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +(is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G +.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 700.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 +.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 712.8 S +.142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 724.8 Q 3.544 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 3.544 +(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(53)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .315 -(The \214le named by the v)108 84 R .315(alue of)-.25 F/F1 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315(is truncated, if necessary) -2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315 -(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 96 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)5.158 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 .659 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 108 S .142 -(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 120 Q 1.604 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 -(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 -(stamps for the follo)108 132 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 -(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 144 Q F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 --.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. 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If).15 -F F1(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is unw\ -ritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 192 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G -.584(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark) -.25 F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 204 R -3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 -(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 216 R -1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G -1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 228 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 -3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 240 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.479 +(timestamps for the follo)108 84 R 1.479(wing history line.)-.25 F 1.478 +(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the)6.479 F -.25 +(va)108 96 S 1.138(lue of the).25 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFORMA) +3.638 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.388 G 3.638(riable. When).25 F 3.638(as) +3.638 G 1.138(hell with history enabled e)-3.638 F 1.139(xits, the last) +-.15 F F1($HISTSIZE)3.639 E F0 .506 +(lines are copied from the history list to)108 108 R F1($HISTFILE)3.005 +E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .505(If the)5.005 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(histappend)3.005 E F0 .505(shell option is enabled \(see the de-)3.005 +F .599(scription of)108 120 R F3(shopt)3.099 E F0(under)3.099 E F1 .6 +(SHELL B)3.099 F(UIL)-.09 E .6(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.85 E .6 +(w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le,)-.25 F .683 +(otherwise the history \214le is o)108 132 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.183 +(rwritten. If).15 F F1(HISTFILE)3.183 E F0 .682 +(is unset, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the his-)2.933 F +1.284(tory is not sa)108 144 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.784(d. If).15 F(the)3.784 +E F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.784 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.534 G 1.285 +(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le,).25 F +(mark)108 156 Q .51(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 3.01(,s) +-.4 G 3.009(ot)-3.01 G(he)-3.009 E 3.009(ym)-.15 G .509(ay be preserv) +-3.009 F .509(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F .509(This uses the)5.509 +F .384(history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other h\ +istory lines.)108 168 R .385(After sa)5.384 F .385(ving the history)-.2 +F 2.885(,t)-.65 G(he)-2.885 E .381 +(history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)108 180 R F1 +(HISTFILESIZE)2.88 E F0 2.88(lines. If)2.63 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)2.88 E F0 +.38(is unset, or set to)2.63 F(null, a non-numeric v)108 192 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 256.8 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +(The b)108 208.8 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) 2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 (belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 268.8 R +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 220.8 R (The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 280.8 R .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 232.8 R .001 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 292.8 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 309.6 +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 244.8 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 261.6 R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) -3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 321.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 273.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G .457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) -.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3 -(cmdhist)108 333.6 Q F0 .75 +(cmdhist)108 285.6 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 345.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 297.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G 1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 357.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 309.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 369.6 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +(description of the)108 321.6 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -381.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 398.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) +333.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 350.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) -.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 -(The shell supports a history e)108 410.4 R .611 +(The shell supports a history e)108 362.4 R .611 (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 (xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F -.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 422.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 374.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 (ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 434.4 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 -(option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 446.4 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F -.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 463.2 R 1.305 -(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 -(commands, insert the ar)108 475.2 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 +.95(can be disabled using the)108 386.4 R F3(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 +(option to the)3.449 F F3(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 398.4 Q 2.5 +(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E +1.305(History e)108 415.2 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ +ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ +t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 427.2 R .21(guments to a pre) +-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 487.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -504 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \ -read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 516 S .252 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 439.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +456 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \ +read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 468 S .252 (rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 (vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 528 Q .145 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 480 Q .145 (es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 540 R .766 -(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 552 R/F5 10 +r inclusion into the current one.)108 492 R .766 +(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 504 R/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F5(wor) 2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) -.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 564 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F .538 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 516 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F .538 (line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f)-.1 F -.538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 576 R -.15 +.538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 528 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572 (-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w)-.1 -F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 588 R .355 +F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 540 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 (xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!) -3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 600 +3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 552 R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 (nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 (xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ -tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 612 R -(string.)108 624 Q(Se)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 564 R +(string.)108 576 Q(Se)108 592.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 652.8 T +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 604.8 T 3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3 (extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.162 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 664.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15 +F0(will also inhibit e)108 616.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 633.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.609 E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 693.6 R F3 -(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F3(shopt) -3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F3 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately 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\(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 -136.8 R F1(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F1 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 -(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 148.8 Q F1 -(Ev)87 165.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 177.6 R -.15(ve) --.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 206.4 -Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 206.4 R 1.607 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.109 +(The shell allo)108 84 R 1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108 +(arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108 +(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .162(scription of)108 96 R/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)2.662 E F0(abo)2.662 E .462 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E F1 .163(Shell V)2.662 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B +.163(shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F +(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 108 Q F1(Ev)87 +124.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 136.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +.204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\ +y list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 +148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot) +.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 165.6 Q +F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 165.6 R 1.607 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 (,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 218.4 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(\(when the)144 177.6 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 230.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)144 230.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 -242.4 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 242.4 Q F2(n) -2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 254.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 254.4 Q +(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)144 189.6 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 +201.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 201.6 Q F2(n) +2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 213.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 213.6 Q (vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!) -108 266.4 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ -ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 266.4 R -F2(string)144 278.4 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 290.4 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A -F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positio\ -n in the history list containing)144 302.4 R F2(string)144 314.4 Q F0 5 -(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2 -(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.) --.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 331.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2 -(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .784(Quick substitution.)144 338.4 R .784 -(Repeat the pre)5.784 F .784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1) -3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E F2(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 -E -.25(va)-.25 G .783(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 350.4 S(!!:s/).74 E F2 -(string1)A F0(/)A F2(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 362.4 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)144 362.4 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 379.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 391.2 S 1.313 +108 225.6 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ +ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 225.6 R +F2(string)144.34 237.6 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 249.6 Q F2(string)A F1 +([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current \ +position in the history list containing)144 261.6 R F2(string)144.34 +273.6 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if) +2.5 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E +(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 290.6 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^) +5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .753(Quick substitution.)144 297.6 R +.753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2 +(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F2(string2)3.592 E F0 5.752(.E).02 G +(qui)-5.752 E -.25(va)-.25 G .752(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 309.6 S +(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2 +(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \()-5 L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers) +2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 321.6 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)144 321.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 338.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 350.4 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 (separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.53(from the w)108 403.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +.53(from the w)108 362.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 -(are numbered from the be)108 415.2 R 1.3 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 -F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 427.2 Q -F1 2.5(0\()108 444 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 456 Q 2.5 -(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2 -(n)108.36 468 Q F0(The)144 468 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^) -108 480 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 480 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 -E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 492 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 492 R 2.564 -(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064(gument, b)-.18 -F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .063 -(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 504 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%) -108 516 Q F0(The w)144 516 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2 -(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 528 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 -528 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E -(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 540 Q F0 .315 -(All of the w)144 540 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 -(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E .515 +(are numbered from the be)108 374.4 R .516 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-) +.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 386.4 +Q F1 2.5(0\()108 403.2 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 415.2 +Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E +F2(n)108.36 427.2 Q F0(The)144 427.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E +F1(^)108 439.2 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 439.2 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 451.2 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 451.2 +R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064 +(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F +.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 463.2 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +F1(%)108 475.2 Q F0(The w)144 475.2 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) +-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 487.2 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 +2.5(Ar)144 487.2 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C +(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 499.2 Q F0 +.315(All of the w)144 499.2 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 +F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 ('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 -(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 552 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 511.2 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 -564 Q F0(Abbre)144 564 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad> -108 576 Q F0(Abbre)144 576 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E -(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E -(If a w)108 592.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E +523.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 523.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<78ad>108 535.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 535.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 +(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E +(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 552 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 609.6 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 621.6 R .184 +(Modi\214ers)87 568.8 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 580.8 R .184 (ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 (here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 -(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 633.6 Q F1(h)108 -650.4 Q F0(Remo)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 592.8 Q F1(h)108 +609.6 Q F0(Remo)144 609.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 662.4 Q F0(Remo)144 662.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +108 621.6 Q F0(Remo)144 621.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 674.4 Q F0(Remo)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +108 633.6 Q F0(Remo)144 633.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 686.4 Q F0(Remo)144 686.4 Q .3 -.15 +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 645.6 Q F0(Remo)144 645.6 Q .3 -.15 (ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 -698.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 698.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E -(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 710.4 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 710.4 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(55)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +657.6 Q F0(Print the ne)144 657.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E +(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 669.6 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 669.6 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 681.6 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 681.6 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 +2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) +2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 693.6 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E +F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 705.6 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) +3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 717.6 R .617 +(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) +5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 +F .636(be quoted in)144 729.6 R F2(old)3.366 E F0(and)3.906 E F2(ne) +3.496 E(w)-.15 E F0 .636(with a single backslash.)3.446 F .637 +(If & appears in)5.636 F F2(ne)3.497 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.137(,i).31 G 3.137 +(ti)-3.137 G 3.137(sr)-3.137 G .637(eplaced by)-3.137 F F2(old)3.367 E +F0 5.637(.A).77 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(55) +190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(x)108 84 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)144 84 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1 -(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 -E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 108 Q F2(ne) -3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old) -2.951 E F0 .221(in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An) -5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617 -(of /.)144 120 R .617 -(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 -F .666(be quoted in)144 132 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 -E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 -(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 -(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 144 R(If) -5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 -(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn) --2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 156 Q F2(string)2.84 -E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) -108 168 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 168 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) -108 180 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 180 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 192 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 -(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 204 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 216 Q F0(.)A -F1(G)108 228 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 228 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 -('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 244.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 256.8 -R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1108 268.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 -.577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E -F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E -F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 280.8 R F1 -2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) -2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A -F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 292.8 R .26 -(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F12.76 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.76 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) --5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .275 +(single backslash will quote the &.)144 84 R(If)5.275 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last) +3.544 F F1(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G +2.774(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 96 Q F1(string)2.84 +E F0(in a)2.72 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!?)2.5 E F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 +(search.)5 E F2(&)108 108 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 108 Q +(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)108 120 Q F0 .397 +(Cause changes to be applied o)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G +.398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F .398 +(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F2(:s)A F0 2.898('\()C +(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 132 Q F2(:gs/)A F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w)-.15 E +F2(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F2(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351(used with `) +2.851 F F2(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F +(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 144 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F2(a)2.5 E F0(may be used as a synon) +2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F2(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(G)108 156 Q F0(Apply the follo) +144 156 Q(wing `)-.25 E F2(s)A F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 +E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 +SF(SHELL B)72 172.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 +(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 184.8 R .062(uiltin command documen\ +ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F2108 +196.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F23.077 E F0 .577 +(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F2(:)3.077 E F0 +(,)A F2(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F2(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E +F2(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F2([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 208.8 R F2 +2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F2(exit) +2.961 E F0(,)A F2(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F2 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) +-.15 E F0(,)A F2(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A +F2(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F2(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 220.8 R .261 +(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F22.761 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.761 F F22.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) -108 304.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1 +108 232.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F2 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 -(lid options and require).25 F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 -316.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 334.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 346.8 R .451 +(lid options and require).25 F F23.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 +244.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F2(:)108 262.8 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 274.8 R .452 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F -2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 358.8 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 375.6 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 387.6 Q(ce)-.18 E -F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 399.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 +-.15 E F1(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F +2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 286.8 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F2(.)110.5 303.6 Q F1(\214lename)6.666 E +F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 315.6 Q(ce)-.18 E +F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 327.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F1 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 -(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 -(status of the last command e)144 411.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 -(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2 -(\214lename)5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F -.608(names in)144 423.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 -(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 435.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 -(\214le is found in)144 447.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 -E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -459.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F -(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F -2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 471.6 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F14.197 E F0 1.696(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 483.6 Q F1(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an) -3.617 F 3.617(yt)-.15 G 1.117(rap on)-3.617 F F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 -3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 -(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118 -(trap string is sa)3.618 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.618(da).15 G(nd)-3.618 E .36 -(restored around the call to)144 495.6 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F -F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 -(cutes. If).15 F F12.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 -(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 507.6 R F1(DEB)3.935 E +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.331 +(status of the last command e)144 339.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331 +(cuted from).15 F F1(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F1 +(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F +.488(names in)144 351.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.988 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .488(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.738 F F1 +(\214lename)4.899 E F0 5.489(.T).18 G .489(he \214le searched for in) +-5.489 F F4 -.666(PA)2.989 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 363.6 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.333 F F1 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 +(\214le is found in)144 375.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F2(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 +E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F2(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 +387.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(y)-.15 E F1(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F +2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F1 +(\214lename)144 399.6 Q F0 .485(is e)2.985 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.985 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .485(the positional parameters are unchanged.) +2.985 F .485(If the)5.485 F F22.985 E F0 .485(option is en-)2.985 +F(abled,)144 411.6 Q F2(sour)3.325 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .825(inherits an)3.325 +F 3.325(yt)-.15 G .825(rap on)-3.325 F F2(DEB)3.325 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.325 +(;i)C 3.325(fi)-3.325 G 3.324(ti)-3.325 G 3.324(sn)-3.324 G .824(ot, an) +-3.324 F(y)-.15 E F2(DEB)3.324 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .824(trap string is sa) +3.324 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.324(da).15 G .824(nd re-)-3.324 F .817 +(stored around the call to)144 423.6 R F2(sour)3.317 E(ce)-.18 E F0 +3.317(,a)C(nd)-3.317 E F2(sour)3.317 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .817(unsets the) +3.317 F F2(DEB)3.317 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .817(trap while it e)3.317 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.317(cutes. If).15 F F23.317 E F0(is)3.318 E 1.435 +(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 435.6 R F2(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 -(completes. The)144 519.6 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 -(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 531.6 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 548.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 560.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E -F2(name)144 572.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F2(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 +(completes. The)144 447.6 R 1.262 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 +(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 459.6 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F1(\214lename)4.41 E +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 476.4 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 488.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F25.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E +F1(name)144 500.4 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 584.4 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 512.4 Q F1(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F1(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 596.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 -(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 -F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 608.4 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 620.4 Q F1(bg)108 637.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 -649.2 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E -F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 661.2 Q F0 .671 -(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 -(when job control is disabled or)144 673.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 685.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F1(bind)108 702 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(56)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(tution when the alias is e)144 524.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(or each)-.15 F F1(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 536.4 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 548.4 Q F2(bg)108 565.2 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +577.2 R F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 589.2 Q F0 .672 +(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 +(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +(when job control is disabled or)144 601.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 613.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F2(bind)108 630 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 642 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 654 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 +(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 666 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 +(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 +(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 690 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -.37(re)C +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 702 R F2 -.18(re) +2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 +(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 714 R F2 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. 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The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +501.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)108 518.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 530.4 Q .771 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .771(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +(ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e)-3.271 +F .77(xit status.)-.15 F .77(This is useful)5.77 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -638.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -650.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +542.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +554.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 662.4 Q(alse if)-.1 +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 566.4 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 691.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 595.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 703.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 607.2 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 715.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 -(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ +.253(subroutine call.)144 619.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 727.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(57)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +ent e)144 631.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 643.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 655.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 667.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 684 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 +(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 696 R F2(dir) +2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 +(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E +F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 708 R +3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035 +(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) +3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E .826 +(the search path for the directory containing)144 720 R F2(dir)3.676 E +F0 3.326(:e).73 G .826(ach directory name in)-3.326 F F3(CDP)3.326 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .827(is searched for)3.077 F(GNU Bash 5.0) +72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(57)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .001(This e)144 84 -R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -3.019(0. The)144 96 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)3.02 G -(pr).2 E F0 .52(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 108 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)108 -124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0(|[)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 -(]] [\255@]] [)A F1(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to) -144 136.8 R F1(dir)2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F1(dir)2.822 E F0 -.321(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is) --.25 F 1.035(the def)144 148.8 R 3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G -1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F1 -(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 -(the search path for the directory containing)144 160.8 R F1(dir)3.35 E -F0 3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.349 E -.855 -(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F1(dir)144 172.8 Q -F0 5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 -(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 184.8 Q F3(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.663(is the same as the current directory)3.913 F -4.162(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662 -(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F1(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 196.8 Q -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F22.691 E F0 -.191(option causes)2.691 F F2(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F -.191(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 -(symbolic links while tra)144 208.8 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir) -3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F1(..)3.62 E F0 -(in)3.62 E F1(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F23.62 E F0 -.395(option to the)144 220.8 R F2(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F22.895 E F0 .395 -(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 232.8 R F1 -(..)2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F1(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F1(..) -2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F1(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 -(ti)-2.943 G 2.943(sp)-2.943 G .443(rocessed by remo)-2.943 F(ving)-.15 -E .744(the immediately pre)144 244.8 R .744 -(vious pathname component from)-.25 F F1(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744 -(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)3.244 E -F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 256.8 R F23.966 E F0 1.466 -(option is supplied with)3.966 F F23.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465 -(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465 -(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .467 -(determined after a successful directory change,)144 268.8 R F2(cd)2.968 -E F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems) -5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 280.8 R F22.837 E F0 .336 -(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .336 -(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) -144 292.8 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F23.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 -(before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -.107(empty directory name from)144 304.8 R F3(CDP)2.607 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F F22.607 E F0 .106 -(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F -.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 316.8 R 2.538 -(ww)-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.) --2.638 F(The return v)144 328.8 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E -(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 -345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 357.6 Q F1(command)2.765 E F0(with) -3.335 E F1(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 -F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 369.6 R -F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F23.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.202 E -F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 381.6 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 -(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)144 84 Q F0 5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 +-.15(ve d)-.25 H .665(irectory names in).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP) +3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .665 +(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 96 Q F2(CDP)3.101 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F0 .601(is the same as the current directory)2.851 F 3.102(,i) +-.65 G .602(.e., `)-3.102 F(`)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)A F0 -.74 +('')C 5.602(.I).74 G(f)-5.602 E F1(dir)3.452 E F0(be)3.832 E .602 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CD-)3.102 E -.666(PA)144 108 S +(TH)-.189 E F0 1.003(is not used.)3.254 F(The)6.003 E F33.503 E F0 +1.003(option causes)3.503 F F3(cd)3.503 E F0 1.003(to use the ph)3.503 F +1.003(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F .123 +(symbolic links while tra)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir) +2.623 E F0 .123(and before processing instances of)2.623 F F1(..)2.623 E +F0(in)2.623 E F1(dir)2.623 E F0 .123(\(see also the)2.623 F F3 +2.623 E F0(op-)2.623 E .43(tion to the)144 132 R F3(set)2.93 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command\); the).2 F F32.929 E F0 .429 +(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.929 F .429(wed by resolving) +-.25 F .472(the link after processing instances of)144 144 R F1(..)2.972 +E F0(in)2.972 E F1(dir)2.973 E F0 5.473(.I)C(f)-5.473 E F1(..)2.973 E F0 +.473(appears in)2.973 F F1(dir)2.973 E F0 2.973(,i)C 2.973(ti)-2.973 G +2.973(sp)-2.973 G .473(rocessed by remo)-2.973 F .473(ving the)-.15 F +.948(immediately pre)144 156 R .948(vious pathname component from)-.25 F +F1(dir)3.448 E F0 3.448(,b)C .948(ack to a slash or the be)-3.448 F .948 +(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)3.448 E F0 5.948(.I)C(f)-5.948 E(the)144 168 Q +F32.868 E F0 .368(option is supplied with)2.868 F F32.868 E +F0 2.868(,a)C .368(nd the current w)-2.868 F .368 +(orking directory cannot be successfully deter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .612 +(mined after a successful directory change,)144 180 R F3(cd)3.112 E F0 +.612(will return an unsuccessful status.)3.112 F .612(On systems that) +5.612 F .353(support it, the)144 192 R F32.853 E F0 .354 +(option presents the e)2.853 F .354(xtended attrib)-.15 F .354 +(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F 5.354(.A)-.65 G(n) +-5.354 E(ar)144 204 Q .072(gument of)-.18 F F32.572 E F0 .072 +(is con)2.572 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .072(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)2.572 E F0 +.072(before the directory change is attempted.)2.322 F .072 +(If a non-empty)5.072 F .054(directory name from)144 216 R F2(CDP)2.554 +E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .054(is used, or if)2.304 F F32.555 E +F0 .055(is the \214rst ar)2.555 F .055 +(gument, and the directory change is suc-)-.18 F .168 +(cessful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 228 R 2.668(ww)-.25 G .168 +(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.768 F(The)5.168 +E(return v)144 240 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F3(command)108 +256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 268.8 Q F1(command)2.764 E F0(with) +3.334 E F1(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 +F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 280.8 R +F2 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F33.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.201 E +F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 292.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F +.399(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.399 E .174(either the)144 393.6 R F22.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 -2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 -(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F22.675 E -F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 405.6 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F -.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 -F F2144 417.6 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F22.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F22.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 429.6 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +5.4 E .175(either the)144 304.8 R F32.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F3 +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F1(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F32.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 316.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F3 +144 328.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F32.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F32.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 340.8 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 -(command)144.2 441.6 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 453.6 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 -(compgen)108 470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 482.4 R +(command)144.2 352.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F3(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 364.8 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F3 +(compgen)108 381.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 393.6 R F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 -(accepted by the)144 494.4 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F23.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 506.4 R .131(When using the)5.131 F -F22.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F22.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) -2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 -F(mable completion f)144 518.4 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 +(accepted by the)144 405.6 R F3(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F33.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F33.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 417.6 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F3 +2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F32.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F +(mable completion f)144 429.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 542.4 R .352 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 453.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -554.4 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 566.4 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 590.4 Q +465.6 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 477.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 501.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 -(complete)108 607.2 Q F0([)3.404 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.404(][)C -F2-3.404 E F1(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2(\255DEI)-3.404 -E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F1(action)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2 --3.404 E F1(globpat)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F1(wor) -3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.405(][)C F2-3.405 E F1(func-)3.405 E -(tion)108 619.2 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([) -144 631.2 Q F2A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78> --.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2 -(complete \255pr)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 655.2 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G --.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.134 E F0 .634 -(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F23.133 E F0 -.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e) -144 667.2 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) --.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 679.2 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31 +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F3 +(complete)108 518.4 Q F0([)3.405 E F3(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.405(][)C +F3-3.405 E F1(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F3(\255DEI)-3.404 +E F0 3.404(][)C F3-3.404 E F1(action)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F3 +-3.404 E F1(globpat)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F3-3.404 E F1(wor) +3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.404(][)C F3-3.404 E F1(func-)3.404 E +(tion)108 530.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([) +144 542.4 Q F3A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1 +(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78> +-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F3 +(complete \255pr)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 566.4 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G +-.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633 +(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F33.134 E F0 +.634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e) +144 578.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) +-.15 F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 590.4 R(The)5.31 E F32.81 E F0 .31 (option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 (ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 691.2 R(The)6.207 E -F23.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 703.2 R(`def)-.74 E +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 602.4 R(The)6.208 E +F33.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 614.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -715.2 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F23.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F 2.87 -(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 727.2 R -(`empty')-.74 E 5.37('c)-.74 G 2.87(ommand completion; that is,)-5.37 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(58)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +626.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F33.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .876 +(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 638.4 R +(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) +-3.376 F .448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 650.4 R(The)5.447 E +F32.947 E F0 .447 +(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 +(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 662.4 R +.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021 +(limiter such as)144 674.4 R F3(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F3(|)3.521 E F0 +3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02 +(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 686.4 R F3 +3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F33.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 +F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F3 +3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H +(f).15 E F33.208 E F0(,)A F3144 698.4 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r) +-2.604 E F32.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 +G(ther)-2.603 E F1(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 +(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(58)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.451 -(completion attempted on a blank line.)144 84 R(The)6.451 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF3.951 E F0 1.452 -(option indicates that other supplied options and)3.951 F .331 -(actions should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 -96 R .331(ord on the line, or after a com-)-.1 F .118 -(mand delimiter such as)144 108 R F1(;)2.618 E F0(or)2.618 E F1(|)2.618 -E F0 2.618(,w)C .118(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.618 F -.119(If multiple options are)5.118 F 1.004(supplied, the)144 120 R F1 -3.504 E F0 1.004(option tak)3.504 F 1.004(es precedence o)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F13.504 E F0 3.504(,a)C 1.004(nd both tak) --3.504 F 3.504(ep)-.1 G 1.004(recedence o)-3.504 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 -E F13.503 E F0 6.003(.I)C 3.503(fa)-6.003 G 1.303 -.15(ny o)-3.503 -H(f).15 E F1144 132 Q F0(,)A F13.082 E F0 3.082(,o)C(r) --3.082 E F13.082 E F0 .582(are supplied, an)3.082 F 3.082(yo)-.15 -G(ther)-3.082 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.082 E F0(ar)3.082 E .582 -(guments are ignored; these completions only apply)-.18 F -(to the case speci\214ed by the option.)144 144 Q 1.438 -(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -168 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 180 Q -.3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 204 R .855 -.15(ve t) --.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F -.555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 -3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 216 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 -3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F13.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 228 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 240 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 252 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 -(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') -.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 264 Q F2 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 276 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 288 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 -.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 300 Q -F1(default)184 312 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 312 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G -(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .152 +(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 84 +R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 96 Q .3 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 120 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 +(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 E F0 3.055 +(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) +144 132 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F13.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1 +3.222 E F0 .723(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e) +3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion before the)144 144 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 +156 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 168 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 +(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 +(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) +184 180 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 +192 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 204 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) +2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F +(matches.)224 216 Q F1(default)184 228 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 228 +R 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 324 Q F1(dir)184 336 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 348 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -360 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 372 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 384 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +224 240 Q F1(dir)184 252 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 264 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +276 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 288 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 300 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 396 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 408 Q F1(noquote) -184 420 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 420 S .814 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 312 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 324 Q F1(noquote) +184 336 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 336 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 432 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 444 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 444 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 456 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 456 S +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 348 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 360 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 360 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 372 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 372 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 468 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 480 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 480 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 384 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 396 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 396 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 492 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 504 -Q F1144 516 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 528 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 408 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 420 +Q F1144 432 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 444 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -540 Q F0(Alias names.)224 540 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 552 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 564 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 576 Q(Readline)224 576 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 588 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 588 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 600 -Q F0(Command names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 624 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 636 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 648 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 660 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -672 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 672 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -684 Q F0(Names of e)224 684 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +456 Q F0(Alias names.)224 456 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 468 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 480 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 492 Q(Readline)224 492 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 504 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 504 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 516 +Q F0(Command names.)224 528 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 540 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 552 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 564 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 576 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +588 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 588 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +600 Q F0(Names of e)224 600 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -696 Q F0(File names.)224 696 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(59) -185.115 E 0 Cg EP +612 Q F0(File names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 624 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 636 +Q F1(gr)184 648 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 648 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 +660 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 672 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 684 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 696 +Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 708 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(59)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(function)184 84 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 96 Q F1(gr)184 108 -Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 108 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 120 Q F0 -(Help topics as accepted by the)224 132 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 144 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 156 Q -(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 168 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 180 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 192 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) --.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -204 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 204 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 216 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 216 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 228 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 228 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 -E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 240 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 240 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 252 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 252 Q F1(stopped)184 264 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 264 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 276 Q F0(User names.)224 276 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 288 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 288 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 300 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 312 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +SF -.1(ke)184 84 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 96 Q(ed w)-.15 +E 2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1(running)184 108 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti) +224 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 120 Q(vice)-.1 E F0 +(Service names.)224 120 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 132 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 132 S(lid ar)1.11 E +(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 144 Q F0 +(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 144 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 156 Q F0(Signal names.)224 156 Q F1 +(stopped)184 168 Q F0(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 +168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(user)184 180 Q F0(User names.)224 180 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 192 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 192 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 204 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 216 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 324 Q F1144 336 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 348 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +184 228 Q F1144 240 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 252 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 360 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 264 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 372 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 276 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 384 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 396 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 408 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1144 420 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 432 R -1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 444 Q -F1144 456 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 468 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 288 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 300 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 312 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1144 324 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 +(The pathname e)184 336 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +-.15 F(tions.)184 348 Q F1144 360 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 372 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 480 Q F1144 492 Q F3(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 492 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 384 Q F1144 396 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 396 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 504 Q F3(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 516 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 -(each resultant w)184 528 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) --.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 -E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 540 Q .765 -(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 408 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 420 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 +(each resultant w)184 432 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 +F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 444 Q .766 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 552 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(va)184 456 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.465 F(match the w)184 564 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 576 -Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 588 Q F0 .455 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 600 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 612 Q F3(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 624 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 640.8 R .467 +6.464 F(match the w)184 468 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 480 +Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 492 Q F0 .456 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 504 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 516 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 528 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 544.8 R .466 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 -(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 652.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 664.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 +(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 +(plied without a)144 556.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 568.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 681.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 693.6 -R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 705.6 R F3(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 717.6 Q F3(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 729.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +F1(compopt)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 597.6 +R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 609.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 621.6 Q F2(name) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 633.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) -5.178 E F12.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(60)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +1.227(the `)144 645.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ +no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 657.6 R 2.039 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F14.538 E F0 2.038 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 +(should apply to `)144 669.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) +-4.038 F(The)144 681.6 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ +her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 +F .867(assignment w)144 693.6 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) +-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 705.6 Q 1.388(The return v)144 729.6 +R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 +(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(60)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.228(the `)144 84 -R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(ommand completion; that\ - is, completion attempted on a command for which no)-3.728 F 2.038 -(completion has pre)144 96 R 2.038(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The) -7.038 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF4.538 E F0 2.039 -(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 -(should apply to `)144 108 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.039 F(The)144 120 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that othe\ -r supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 F -.868(assignment w)144 132 R .868 -(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) --3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 144 Q 1.387(The return v)144 168 R -1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 -(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(options for a)144 +84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 196.8 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 208.8 R 1.754 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A -F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 -(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 220.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 -1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 -/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 232.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 -(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 244.8 Q F1(declar)108 261.6 -Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 -(typeset)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 285.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) -3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 297.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F13.483 E F0 .983 -(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 309.6 Q F2(name)2.774 E -F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F12.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) -2.775 F(without)144 321.6 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 333.6 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F13.682 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 -345.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 -357.6 R(The)6.29 E F13.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ -of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 -(name and attrib)144 369.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) -5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 -(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C -.948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -381.6 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 -F(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 393.6 Q F1 -3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F13.892 E F0 1.391 -(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(continue)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 +112.8 R .85(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 +E F0(,)A F2(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 +E F2(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F1(n)3.711 E F0 .851 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 124.8 R F1(n)2.704 E +F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F1(n)3.063 E F0 .203 +(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 +(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 136.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 +1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 148.8 Q F2(declar) +108 165.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F2(typeset)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 +2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 189.6 R 1.265 +(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F +3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 +(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) +-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 201.6 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +F F23.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 +(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 +G(hen)-5.96 E F23.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 213.6 Q F1 +(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275 +(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F22.775 E F0(and) +2.775 E F22.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.274 E F22.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 225.6 Q +F1(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib) +-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29 +(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 237.6 Q .38 +(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 +(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F22.88 E F0(,)A F2 +(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 +249.6 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F23.606 E F0 1.107 +(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144 +261.6 R(The)5.3 E F22.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \ +function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144 +273.6 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F2(extdeb)4.04 E +(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F2(shopt)4.04 E +F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 +(name and line number where each)144 285.6 R F1(name)3.148 E F0 .648 +(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F23.148 E +F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F2144 297.6 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he) +-5.836 E F23.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 405.6 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 -(is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F -1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F -(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 417.6 -R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 -F 1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 429.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E -F1144 441.6 Q F0(Each)180 441.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 -(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 453.6 Q -F0(Each)180 453.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) --.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 465.6 Q F0(Use function names only) -180 465.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 477.6 Q F0 .557(The v)180 477.6 R .558 +(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F2(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 309.6 Q +(e)-.18 E F0 .223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .223 +(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .223 +(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.223 F .222(The follo)5.223 F .222 +(wing options can be)-.25 F(used to restrict output to v)144 321.6 Q +(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3 -.15 +(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F2144 333.6 Q F0 +(Each)180 333.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5 +(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 345.6 Q F0(Each)180 345.6 Q F1 +(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E +(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F2144 357.6 Q F0(Use function names only)180 357.6 Q(.)-.65 +E F2144 369.6 Q F0 .557(The v)180 369.6 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 489.6 Q F0(abo) +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 381.6 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) --2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 501.6 Q -F0 .91(When the v)180 501.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2144 393.6 Q +F0 .91(When the v)180 393.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 513.6 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 525.6 -Q F0(Gi)180 525.6 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0 -(the)3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 -(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.519(That other v)180 537.6 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 -F 1.518(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 549.6 Q .226 -(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 -(xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F12.726 E F0(attrib) -2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 561.6 R -.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 405.6 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2144 417.6 +Q F0(Gi)180 417.6 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.819 E F0 +(the)3.819 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .478 +(That other v)180 429.6 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478 +(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 441.6 Q .781 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)3.281 E F0 3.281(,e)C .782 +(xcept those using or changing the)-3.431 F F23.282 E F0(attrib) +3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 453.6 R +.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D 3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 573.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 -(Mak)180 585.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E -7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F -2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 -597.6 Q F1144 609.6 Q F0(Gi)180 609.6 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) -.15 E F2(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) -2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1 -(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 621.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 -633.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 633.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 +F(applied to array v)180 465.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F2144 477.6 Q F0 +(Mak)180 477.6 Q(e)-.1 E F1(name)3.654 E F0 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E +6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F +1.155(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 +489.6 Q F2144 501.6 Q F0(Gi)180 501.6 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) +.15 E F1(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) +2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2 +(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 513.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2144 +525.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 525.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 -F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 645.6 -R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1 -144 657.6 Q F0(Mark)180 657.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. 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When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 698.4 Q F1 -(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F1(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 -E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(command, unless the)3.543 F F13.543 E F0 1.205 -(option is supplied.)144 710.4 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 -(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 590.4 Q F2 +(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F2(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 +E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F1(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(local, as with the)3.543 F F2(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(command, unless the)3.543 F F23.543 E F0 1.205 +(option is supplied.)144 602.4 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F1(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 722.4 Q F0 6.88(.W)C 1.88 -(hen using)-6.88 F F14.38 E F0(or)4.38 E F14.379 E F0 1.879 -(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)4.379 F(ariables,) --.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(61)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)144 614.4 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 +(hen using)-5.218 F F22.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F22.718 E F0 +.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 +(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 626.4 R .882 +(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 +(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 638.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid optio\ +n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F +/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na) +-2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 650.4 R .548 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .549 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F +1.749(array v)144 662.4 R 1.749 +(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F2 +(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(\), one of the).15 F +F1(names)144 674.4 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F +.359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G +.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 686.4 R 1.213 +(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 +(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) +-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 698.4 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E +F22.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(61) +190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .567 -(additional attrib)144 84 R .568(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.068(ee)-.1 G --.25(ff)-3.068 G .568(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .568 -(The return v)5.568 F .568(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F .435(an in)144 96 R --.25(va)-.4 G .435(lid option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\ -\214ne a function using).25 F/F1 10/Courier@0 SF .435(\255f foo=bar) -2.935 F F0 2.935(,a)C(n)-2.935 E .187(attempt is made to assign a v)144 -108 R .187(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .188 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .188(alue to an)-.25 F -1.749(array v)144 120 R 1.749 -(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748 -(\), one of the).15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(names)144 132 Q F0 .359 -(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359 -(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359 -(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 144 R 1.213 -(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 -(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) --.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 156 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F2 -2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 172.8 Q F3(n)A F2 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F3(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 184.8 S .328 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1 2.5(][)C +-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 96 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 196.8 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 208.8 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F2(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) -4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 220.8 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2144 232.8 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 232.8 Q -F2144 244.8 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 244.8 R .881 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 108 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 120 Q +F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 +(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 132 S +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 144 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 144 Q F1 +144 156 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 156 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -256.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 268.8 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 268.8 Q F2 -144 280.8 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 280.8 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 292.8 Q F2(+)144 304.8 Q F3(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 304.8 R F3(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2 +168 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 180 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 180 Q F1 +144 192 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pr\ +e\214xing each entry with its inde)180 192 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt) +-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 204 Q F1(+)144 216 Q F2(n)A F0 1.565 +(Displays the)180 216 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 (dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 316.8 Q F2144 328.8 Q F3 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 328.8 R F3(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 228 Q F1144 240 Q F2(n)A +F0 1.194(Displays the)180 240 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 340.8 Q .258(The return v)144 -357.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F3(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 252 Q .258(The return v)144 +268.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 369.6 Q F2(diso)108 386.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F3(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 398.4 S .121 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F3(jobspec) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 280.8 Q F1(diso)108 297.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 309.6 S .121 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F3(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 410.4 R F22.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F22.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F3(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 321.6 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F3(jobspec)145.74 422.4 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 333.6 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 434.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F3(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 345.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 446.4 R F2 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F3(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 357.6 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 (ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 458.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F3 +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 369.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F2(echo)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 487.2 R F3(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +F1(echo)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 398.4 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 (wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 499.2 R(If)5.307 E F22.807 E F0 .307 +(error occurs.)144 410.4 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .308(If the)5.308 F F22.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 -511.2 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F23.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 523.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 -(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -535.2 Q F2(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 -F F2(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 -(these escape characters by def)144 547.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.715 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F23.216 E F0 .716 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F2(echo)5.716 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 559.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) -144 571.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 571.2 Q F2(\\b)144 583.2 Q F0 -(backspace)180 583.2 Q F2(\\c)144 595.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -595.2 Q F2(\\e)144 607.2 Q(\\E)144 619.2 Q F0(an escape character)180 -619.2 Q F2(\\f)144 631.2 Q F0(form feed)180 631.2 Q F2(\\n)144 643.2 Q -F0(ne)180 643.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 655.2 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 655.2 Q F2(\\t)144 667.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -667.2 Q F2(\\v)144 679.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 679.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2 -(\\\\)144 691.2 Q F0(backslash)180 691.2 Q F2(\\0)144 703.2 Q F3(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 703.2 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 -E(alue)-.25 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2 -(\\x)144 715.2 Q F3(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 715.2 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(62)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 +422.4 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 +(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 434.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1 +(xpg_echo)144 446.4 Q F0 .602 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 +F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 +(escape characters by def)144 458.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 +.659(does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) +-.2 E(prets the follo)144 470.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 482.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 482.4 Q F1(\\b)144 494.4 Q F0 +(backspace)180 494.4 Q F1(\\c)144 506.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +506.4 Q F1(\\e)144 518.4 Q(\\E)144 530.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 +530.4 Q F1(\\f)144 542.4 Q F0(form feed)180 542.4 Q F1(\\n)144 554.4 Q +F0(ne)180 554.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 566.4 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 566.4 Q F1(\\t)144 578.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +578.4 Q F1(\\v)144 590.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 590.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 +(\\\\)144 602.4 Q F0(backslash)180 602.4 Q F1(\\0)144 614.4 Q F2(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 614.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 +(\\x)144 626.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 626.4 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 +(\\u)144 638.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 650.4 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 662.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 674.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 686.4 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 698.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(62) +190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\u)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(HHHH)A F0 1.507 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 96 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 108 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 120 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 132 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 144 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(enable)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 172.8 R +SF(enable)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 96 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 184.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 196.8 R .989 +(the same name as a shell b)144 108 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 120 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 -(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 -(abled; otherwise,)144 208.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) -4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 220.8 -R .081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 -(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 232.8 S 1.524 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F -F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 244.8 Q F1 +(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648 +(abled; otherwise,)144 132 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)3.148 +F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F F1 +(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b)144 +144 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +.538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F13.038 E F0 +.538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 156 S 1.365 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object)4.045 F +F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F(The)144 168 Q F1 2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F .367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) -5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 256.8 R F1 +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 180 R F1 2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -268.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 +192 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 1.916 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 280.8 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 292.8 R F12.879 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F -(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 304.8 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 -316.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 333.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 345.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C -.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F -.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 357.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 369.6 Q +(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 .905 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 204 R .905 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is en-)-.2 F 2.873 +(abled. If)144 216 R F12.873 E F0 .372 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.873 F F2(special) +2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G 2.872(iltins. The).2 F .372(return v)2.872 F +.372(alue is)-.25 F 2.5(0u)144 228 S(nless a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a shell b)2.68 E(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 E +2.5(wb)-.25 G(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 +244.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 256.8 +Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 +(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 268.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no) +-2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 280.8 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 398.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 410.4 R .176 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 309.6 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 321.6 R .177 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 422.4 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 -F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 -E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 -.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 434.4 Q F0 .638 -(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 333.6 R .48(gument passed to) +-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) +3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F12.98 E F0 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 345.6 Q F0 .639 +(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 446.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 357.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 458.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F -.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 470.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 369.6 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 381.6 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 482.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 --.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 -(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) --2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) -.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 494.4 Q +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 393.6 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) +-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 405.6 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 511.2 R .096(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 523.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 422.4 R .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 434.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -F1(export)108 540 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 -E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 552 Q F0 -.256(The supplied)144 564 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F -.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 -(commands. If)144 576 R(the)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 .127 +F1(export)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name) +-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 463.2 Q +F0 .257(The supplied)144 475.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 +F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 +(commands. If)144 487.2 R(the)2.626 E F12.626 E F0 .127 (option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1 -144 588 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1 +144 499.2 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 -2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 600 S 1.447 -(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 +2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 511.2 S +1.446(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 612 S .741(lue of the v).25 -F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 624 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 -(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 636 Q F1(fc)108 652.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 523.2 S .742(lue of the v) +.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 535.2 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 547.2 Q F1(fc)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -664.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 676.8 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -688.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +576 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 588 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 +600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 700.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 -F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19 -(is used as an of)144 712.8 R .19 -(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E F2(last)2.779 -E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F(-)-.2 E 2.643 -(rent command for listing \(so that)144 724.8 R F4 2.644 -(fc \255l \25510)5.144 F F0 2.644(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -5.144 F F2<8c72>7.054 E(st)-.1 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(63)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +144 612 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .189(is used as an of) +144 624 R .189(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.189 E +F2(last)2.78 E F0 .19(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.37 F(-) +-.2 E .949(rent command for listing \(so that)144 636 R F4 .948 +(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) +3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +144 648 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 672 Q +F12.522 E F0 .022 +(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E +F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 684 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E +.334(the editor gi)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F2 +(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 708 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E +F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) +-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 +(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 720 R .95 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(63)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.123 -(otherwise. If)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<8c72>5.033 E(st)-.1 E F0 -.622(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.803 F .622 -(vious command for editing and \25516 for list-)-.25 F(ing.)144 96 Q -(The)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.522 E F0 .022 -(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E -F22.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 132 R .438(If the)5.438 -F F22.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 -(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F1 -(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) -.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 156 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 -F .631(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3 -(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v) -144 168 R .95(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 -F .951(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 -F -.15(exe)144 180 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 204 R F1 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(exe)144 84 S +(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 108 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 (is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 216 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F1<8c72> +E(mand)144 120 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F1<8c72> 2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .172 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .172 (r='fc \255s')2.672 F F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E -(typing)144 228 Q F4 7.166(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166 -(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 -E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r)3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 240 Q .142 -(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 264 R .142 +(typing)144 132 Q F2 7.166(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166 +(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)3.666 +E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F2(r)3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 144 Q .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 168 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 276 R -.454(If the)5.454 F F22.954 E F0 .454 +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 180 R +.454(If the)5.454 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 (cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 312 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 328.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 340.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 216 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F3(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F3(fg)108 232.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 244.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 352.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 256.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G .617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 (is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 364.8 Q +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 268.8 Q .362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 376.8 Q +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 280.8 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F2(getopts)108 393.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 .793 +F3(getopts)108 297.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(getopts)144 309.6 Q F0 .793 (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 417.6 R .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 321.6 R .15 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 429.6 Q .579 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 333.6 Q .579 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 -(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 441.6 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 453.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 -3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 -(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G -3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 465.6 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND)2.585 -E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 477.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 -(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 489.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 501.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 -(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 513.6 -Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 537.6 R F2(getopts) +(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 345.6 R .636 +(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F3(getopts) +3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03 +(tion in the shell v)144 357.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 2.53 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G +.029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065 +(ment to be processed into the v)144 369.6 R(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.565 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND) +4.565 E F0 .066(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F +.885(shell script is in)144 381.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385 +(d. When).1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F3 +(getopts)3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F +.566(the v)144 393.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 +(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39 +(between multiple calls to)144 405.6 R F3(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 +(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F +2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 417.6 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 441.6 R F3(getopts) 4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 549.6 Q F0 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 453.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 573.6 Q F0 .485 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 477.6 Q F0 .485 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485 (ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F1(ar)3.315 E -(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 585.6 Q F2(getopts)2.5 E -F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 609.6 Q F0 1.165 -(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 -(is a colon,)3.886 F F1(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.071 -(reporting is used.)144 621.6 R 1.071 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 633.6 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F1(optstring)2.73 E F0 -(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 669.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 -(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into) -3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 +(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 489.6 Q F3(getopts)2.5 E +F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 513.6 Q F0 .345 +(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F +.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F1(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F1(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 +(porting is used.)144 525.6 R 1.668 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 +537.6 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 549.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 573.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 (and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 -681.6 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 -E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +585.6 R F4(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 +E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 (OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 693.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 -717.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.741 -(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144 729.6 -Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F2 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(64) -185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 597.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 +621.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.741 +(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144.36 +633.6 Q F0(,).18 E F4(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F3 +(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F3(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 645.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F4 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3 +(getopts)144 669.6 Q F0 .902 +(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) +3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 681.6 Q F3(hash)108 +698.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(\214lename) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A +.858(Each time)144 710.4 R F3(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) +3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 +(the directories in)144 722.4 R F3($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(64)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(is placed in)144 -84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E -/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)144 108 Q F0 .902 -(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 120 Q F3(hash)108 136.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 148.8 R F3(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) -3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 160.8 R F3($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 172.8 -R F32.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 -(of the command.)144 184.8 R(The)6.712 E F34.212 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F34.211 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 196.8 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F33.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 208.8 R F1(name) -3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F -F1(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -220.8 R F33.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F3 -3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 -(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -232.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 244.8 Q F32.821 E F0 .321 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F -.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 256.8 Q F1(name)2.86 -E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F3(help)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 -285.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 -297.6 R F1(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 309.6 Q F3 -144 321.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 321.6 Q F1 -(pattern)2.5 E F3144 333.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 333.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F3144 345.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 345.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 362.4 Q F1 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 379.2 Q F1(n)A F3(])A -(history \255c)108 391.2 Q(history \255d)108 403.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F3(history \255d)108 415.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F3 -(history \255anrw)108 427.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0(])A F3 -(history \255p)108 439.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 451.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -463.2 S .752 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .242(If the)144 84 +R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.742 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243 +(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615(of the command.)144 96 R +(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 .615(option causes the shell to for) +3.115 F .615(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F1 +3.115 E F0(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 108 R .293 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) +C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F12.794 E F0 .294 +(option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 +120 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 +(If multiple)5.028 F F2(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 132 R F12.675 E F0 +2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F2(name)2.675 E F0 .175 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F1 +2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783 +(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 144 R .783 +(If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 +(n, or if only).15 F F13.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 +(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 156 R +.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 168 Q F0 +(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 +E F1(help)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pattern) +-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 196.8 R .867 +(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866 +(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 +208.8 R F2(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 220.8 Q F1 +144 232.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 232.8 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1144 244.8 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 244.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F1144 256.8 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 256.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 273.6 Q F2 +(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 290.4 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 302.4 Q(history \255d)108 314.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255d)108 326.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F1 +(history \255anrw)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 +(history \255p)108 350.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 362.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +374.4 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 475.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.881 E(MA)144 487.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F1 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 386.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 398.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 (strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 499.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 410.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 511.2 R(If)5.176 E F1(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 422.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 523.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +(not, the v)144 434.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 535.2 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 535.2 Q F3 -144 547.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 559.2 R F1(of)2.889 E(fset) --.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 446.4 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 446.4 Q F1 +144 458.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 470.4 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) 2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti) -2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 571.2 R +.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 482.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 583.2 Q 2.5(,a) +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 494.4 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G -(efers to the current)-2.5 E F3(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F3 -144 595.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F0 .757 -(Delete the history entries between positions)180 607.2 R F1(start)3.257 -E F0(and)3.258 E F1(end)3.258 E F0 3.258(,i)C(nclusi)-3.258 E -.15(ve) +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +144 506.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F0 .757 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 518.4 R F2(start)3.257 +E F0(and)3.258 E F2(end)3.258 E F0 3.258(,i)C(nclusi)-3.258 E -.15(ve) -.25 G 5.758(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.758 E 1.058 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .758(nd ne) -.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 619.2 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H -(alues for)-.1 E F1(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(end)2.5 E F0 -(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3 -144 631.2 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 631.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065 +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 530.4 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H +(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 +144 542.4 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 542.4 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065 ('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 643.2 Q -(ginning of the current)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3144 655.2 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 554.4 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 566.4 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 655.2 R .773 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 667.2 R -.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E -(sion.)180 679.2 Q F3144 691.2 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 691.2 Q F3 -144 703.2 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 703.2 Q +le into the current history list.)180 566.4 R .773 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 578.4 R +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E +(sion.)180 590.4 Q F1144 602.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 602.4 Q F1 +144 614.4 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 614.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F3144 715.2 Q F0 .625 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 715.2 R(wing)-.25 E F1 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 626.4 Q F0 .625 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 626.4 R(wing)-.25 E F2 (ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard) -3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 727.2 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) -2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(65)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 638.4 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) +2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 650.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 662.4 Q F0 +.362(Store the)180 662.4 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 674.4 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 691.2 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 703.2 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 715.2 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.795 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 727.2 R 1.795 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F +1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30) +141.235 E(65)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(normal history e) -180 84 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q F0 .362 -(Store the)180 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 108 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 124.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 -(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 136.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 -(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 148.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.795 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 160.8 R 1.795 -(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 172.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ -option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 184.8 Q(fset) --.18 E F0 1.031(is supplied as an ar)3.531 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 -F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.032(gument to)-.18 F F1 -3.532 E F0 -.1(fa)144 196.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 213.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 225.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 237.6 Q .3 -.15 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(in)144 84 Q -.25 +(va)-.4 G .768(lid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading\ + or writing the history \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)144 96 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.031 +(is supplied as an ar)3.531 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e) +-3.531 F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.032(gument to)-.18 F +F23.532 E F0 -.1(fa)144 108 S(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 124.8 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F2 +(jobs \255x)108 136.8 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15 (ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 249.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 249.6 Q F1 -144 261.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 261.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 273.6 Q F1 -144 285.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 285.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 297.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 297.6 Q F1144 309.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 309.6 Q(If)144 326.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 160.8 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 160.8 Q F2 +144 172.8 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 172.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 184.8 Q F2 +144 196.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 196.8 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 208.8 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 208.8 Q F2144 220.8 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 220.8 Q(If)144 237.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 338.4 Q -.25 +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 249.6 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 355.2 R F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 367.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) -2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F1(kill)108 384 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 -2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 396 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 -E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by) -144 408 R F2(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 -(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 420 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 432 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) -4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 444 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F -F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 -F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F -F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 456 R .28 -(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 468 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F1 -2.878 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 480 R -(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 266.4 R F2 +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 278.4 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) +2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 +E F2(kill)108 295.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E +F22.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 +(kill \255l)108 307.2 Q F0(|)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|) +2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017 +(Send the signal named by)144 319.2 R F1(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E +F1(signum)2.857 E F0 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F1(pid)3.767 +E F0(or)3.287 E F1(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is) +2.828 E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 331.2 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.319(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 +.318(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 343.2 Q F1(signum)3.267 E F0 +.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F1(sigspec) +3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 355.2 +R F22.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an) +5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when) +.18 F F22.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 +367.2 R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The) +5.12 E F1 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8 +(gument to)144 379.2 R F23.3 E F0 .8 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 391.2 +R(The)5.962 E F23.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F23.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 492 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 508.8 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -520.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 +(successfully sent, or f)144 403.2 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) +-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 420 Q F1 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +432 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 532.8 Q F2(ar) -2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 549.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 561.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F -.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 -.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 573.6 Q 3.153(yo) --.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar) -3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 444 Q F1(ar)2.83 +E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 460.8 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 472.8 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar) +-2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F1 +(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F1(value)2.832 E +F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F1(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F +(an)144 484.8 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 +(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -585.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +496.8 Q F1(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 597.6 R F1 -(local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 609.6 R F1(set)4.062 -E F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 621.6 R 1.244 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.744 E F0 1.244 -(writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42 -(error to use)144 633.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 -(when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) -5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 645.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) -2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout) -108 662.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 662.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 679.2 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 691.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) -C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .18(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 703.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.679 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.679(,o).32 G 2.679(rf)-2.679 G .179 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.679 F F2(fd)4.649 E F0 1.248(if the)144 715.2 -R F13.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +(If)5.422 E F1(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 508.8 R F2 +(local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 520.8 R F2(set)3.67 +E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.171 +(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 2.888(turns. W)144 532.8 R .388 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)2.888 E F0 .388 +(writes a list of local v)2.888 F .388(ariables to the standard output.) +-.25 F .387(It is an error)5.387 F .332(to use)144 544.8 R F2(local) +2.832 E F0 .332(when not within a function.)2.832 F .332 +(The return status is 0 unless)5.332 F F2(local)2.832 E F0 .332 +(is used outside a func-)2.832 F(tion, an in)144 556.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid).25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout)108 573.6 Q F0 +(Exit a login shell.)144 573.6 Q F2(map\214le)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 +(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 +(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) +C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(])A F2 -.18(re)108 602.4 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(delim) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 +E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 +(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .159 +(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 614.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.989 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F1(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 626.4 +R F23.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) --6.249 F(ha)144 727.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E -(66)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +E F1(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.249 F(ha)144 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 650.4 Q F0 .911 +(The \214rst character of)180 650.4 R F1(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 +(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 662.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 674.4 Q F0(Cop)180 674.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count) +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2144 686.4 Q F0(Be)180 +686.4 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +E(x)-.15 E F1(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E +2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2144 698.4 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 698.4 Q F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2 +144 710.4 Q F0(Remo)180 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +E F1(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(66)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .911(The \214rst character of)180 84 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 96 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 108 Q F0(Cop)180 108 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm) --2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E -F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 120 Q F0(Be)180 120 Q -(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) --.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 132 Q F0(Discard the \214rst) -180 132 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1144 144 Q F0(Remo) -180 144 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def) -2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 156 -Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0(Ev)180 168 Q -(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) -2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 180 Q -F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 180 Q F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 196.8 Q F12.967 E F0 .467 +SF144 84 Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 84 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1 +144 96 Q F0(Ev)180 96 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0 +(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1 +144 108 Q F0 +(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 108 Q F2 +(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 124.8 Q F12.967 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 208.8 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 136.8 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 -(as additional ar)144 220.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +(as additional ar)144 148.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 232.8 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 249.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 160.8 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 177.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 266.4 Q F0 1.906 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 278.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 194.4 Q F0 .797 +(returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 +(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 206.4 S (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 295.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 +F1(popd)108 223.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 235.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 (se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -319.2 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +247.2 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 331.2 Q F1144 343.2 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 343.2 R .551 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 259.2 Q F1144 271.2 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 271.2 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 355.2 Q F1(+)144 367.2 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)180 367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 283.2 Q F1(+)144 295.2 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 295.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -379.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +307.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 391.2 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 391.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E +-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 319.2 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 319.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) -.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 403.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(zero. F)180 331.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 -420 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs) +348 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs) 3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 -F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 432 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F +F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 360 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 (lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 444 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 460.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 -(Write the formatted)144 472.8 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 -E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 484.8 R(ariable) --.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 496.8 Q(The)144 520.8 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ -s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 532.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 372 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 388.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358 +(Write the formatted)144 400.8 R F2(ar)2.858 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .358 +(to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F2(format)2.857 +E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F12.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714 +(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 412.8 R(ariable)-.25 +E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 +F(output.)144 424.8 Q(The)144 448.8 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\ +aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ + which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ +ape sequences, which are con)144 460.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 544.8 R .036 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 556.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 472.8 R .036 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 484.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 568.8 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 580.8 Q F0(causes)180 580.8 Q F1(printf) +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 496.8 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 508.8 Q F0(causes)180 508.8 Q F1(printf) 2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 592.8 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 604.8 Q F0(causes)180 604.8 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 520.8 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 532.8 Q F0(causes)180 532.8 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 616.8 Q F1(%\()144 628.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 640.8 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +(input.)180 544.8 Q F1(%\()144 556.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 568.8 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 652.8 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 580.8 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -664.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +592.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 676.8 R +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 604.8 R .693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar) -3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 688.8 R -.15 +3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 616.8 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 700.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 717.6 Q +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 628.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 645.6 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ ts, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259 -(minus sign is allo)144 729.6 R 1.259 +(minus sign is allo)144 657.6 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) -135.955 E(67)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 669.6 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 686.4 Q F2(format)2.514 E +F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F2(ar)2.515 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F2(format) +2.515 E F0 .015(requires more)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 +698.4 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 +(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) +.15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 710.4 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(67)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ASCII v)144 84 Q -(alue of the follo)-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 100.8 Q -/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)3.423 E F0 .923 -(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F1(ar)144 112.8 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 -(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 124.8 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+) --2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 153.6 Q -F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a direc\ -tory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making th\ -e ne)144 165.6 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417 -(stack the current w)144 177.6 R .416(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W) --.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories) --2.916 E 1.625(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 -189.6 R 6.625(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha) -.18 F 1.925 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:) -144 201.6 Q F2144 213.6 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change o\ -f directory when rotating or adding directories to the)180 213.6 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 225.6 Q F2(+)144 -237.6 Q F1(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 237.6 R F1(n) -3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.268(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 249.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2144 261.6 Q F1(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 261.6 R F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(pushd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 +96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a \ +directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, maki\ +ng the ne)144 108 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417 +(stack the current w)144 120 R .416(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 +G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E +1.625(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 132 R 6.625 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 144 Q F1 +144 156 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ + rotating or adding directories to the)180 156 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 168 Q F1(+)144 180 Q +F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 180 R F2(n)3.767 E F0 +1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268 +(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 192 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 204 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 +(Rotates the stack so that the)180 204 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F2(dirs)180 273.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 285.6 Q F0(Adds)180 285.6 Q F1(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 +F F1(dirs)180 216 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 +E F2(dir)144.35 228 Q F0(Adds)180 228 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) -.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 297.6 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2 -(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 314.4 R F2(pushd) -2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 240 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) +2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 256.8 R F1(pushd)2.989 +E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 326.4 R F1(dir) +F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 268.8 R F2(dir) 3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) --.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 -(stack is empty)144 338.4 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ +-.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 +(stack is empty)144 280.8 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 350.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 379.2 R .845 +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 292.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 321.6 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -391.2 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 -.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 +333.6 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 -(enabled. If)144 403.2 R(the)3.263 E F23.263 E F0 .763 +(enabled. If)144 345.6 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 415.2 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 427.2 Q F2 -.18(re)108 444 S(ad) -.18 E F0([)3.816 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(aname) -3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2 --3.816 E F1(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1 -(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(nc) -3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(pr)3.817 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 456 Q F1(name)A F0 -(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ -\214le descriptor)144 468 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 480 Q F23.847 E F0 1.347 -(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F -F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 492 R F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G -1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)3.965 E -F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 504 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 -(ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)144 516 Q F0 -5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) --.25 F .722 -(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .531(assigned empty v)144 528 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 -(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 -(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 540 R .197 -(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 --.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 552 R F2(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m)C -.156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) -.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 -(xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -564 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 576 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 588 R 1.049(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v) --.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049 -(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F F1(aname)180.33 600 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 -E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E -F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 612 Q -F1(delim)2.5 E F0 1.317(The \214rst character of)180 624 R F1(delim) -3.817 E F0 1.317(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne) -3.817 F 3.818(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 636 Q F0 -(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 -144 648 Q F0 .373 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 648 R F2 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218 -(to obtain the line.)180 660 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def) -5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F -(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G -(diting settings, b)-2.5 E(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 -E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2144 684 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 -E F0(If)180 684 Q F2 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 357.6 R -.25(va) +-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 369.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 +386.4 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 +E F2(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 +3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 +-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 +-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E +F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(timeout) +3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 398.4 +Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input\ +, or from the \214le descriptor)144 410.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 +(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 422.4 Q F1 +2.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435 +(ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 +(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w) +-2.935 F .436(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 434.4 R F2 +(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 +(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376 +(nd so on.)-2.876 F .375(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236 +(than names, the remaining w)144 446.4 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 +F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.097 E +F0 5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 458.4 R .875(wer w) +-.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ +ames are assigned)-.1 F .517(empty v)144 470.4 R 3.017(alues. The)-.25 F +.517(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518 +(are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518 +(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 482.4 R +.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 +(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488 +(be used to remo)144 494.4 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H +.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E +(tions, if supplied, ha)144 506.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 518.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026 +(The w)180 530.4 R 1.026 +(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) +-.25 E F2(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F +F2(aname)180.33 542.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 554.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E +F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 566.4 R F2(delim)2.78 E F0 .281 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 578.4 Q F0 +(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +144 590.4 Q F0 .373 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 590.4 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo) +2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E +.218(to obtain the line.)180 602.4 R .218 +(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 +(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E +(acti)180 614.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E +(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1144 626.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) +-.2 E F0(If)180 626.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 (is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 696 Q(gins.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(68)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F(ing be)180 638.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 650.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 662.4 S(ad).18 E F0 .322 +(returns after reading)2.822 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 +(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 +(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 674.4 Q +(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +144 686.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 698.4 S +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) +3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F +1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 710.4 R F1 -.18(re) +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 722.4 +R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc) +3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30) +141.235 E(68)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 --.18(re)180 96 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc) -3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.894 F -1.395(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 108 Q -(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 -E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 120 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 132 S(ad) -.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 144 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.275 F 1.003 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 156 R -F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)3.502 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 168 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 180 S .67 -(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .608 +(characters are read.)180 84 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(IFS)3.108 E F0 3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25 +(va)180 96 S .67(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 192 Q F0(option belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) -180 216 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F -3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 -(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 -(nput. The)-2.5 F +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 108 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 132 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 144 Q 2.5 +(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 240 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 240 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F .492(the line.)180 252 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab) +144 156 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 156 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 168 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab) -.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493 (wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180 -264 Q F1144 276 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 276 Q +180 Q F1144 192 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 192 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 288 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 300 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G +144 204 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 216 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G (ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 312 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 228 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 (seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 324 Q +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 240 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -336 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 348 R .59 +252 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 264 R .59 (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 (times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 360 S(riable) +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 276 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 372 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 288 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 -384 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) -.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 396 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 396 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 412.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +300 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 312 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 312 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 328.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 424.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 340.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) .18 E F0 .772 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 436.8 S 2.004 -(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 -(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 448.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 465.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +-.25(va)144 352.8 S .852 +(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F .853 +(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .853(lid \214le de-).25 +F(scriptor is supplied as the ar)144 364.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 381.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 477.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 393.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 489.6 R +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 405.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 501.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 417.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 513.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 429.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 525.6 R -.15(ve) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 441.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 537.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 453.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 549.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -561.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 465.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +477.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 573.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 489.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 585.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 602.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 614.4 R +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 501.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 518.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 542.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 638.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 554.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144 -650.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E -F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) -3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 -G(d.).1 E(If)144 674.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 -(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E -F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) +144 566.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 +E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E +.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke) +.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 590.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628 +(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 (or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 710.4 R .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 626.4 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E 1.683 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 722.4 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.682(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)4.182 E F0(or)5.015 E -F1(sour)4.182 E(ce)-.18 E F0 6.682(.A)C -.15(ny)-6.682 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(69)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 638.4 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E +.749(mand associated with the)144 650.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 662.4 Q F1 +(set)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 691.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 703.2 S .836 +(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F +.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 715.2 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 727.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) +2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(69)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .365 -(command associated with the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)2.865 -E F0 .365(trap is e)2.865 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .365(cuted before e).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .366(cution resumes after the func-).15 F -(tion or script.)144 96 Q F1(set)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A -F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 -E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S .836 -(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 148.8 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 160.8 R F2 .447(posix mode) -2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 -(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 172.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) --.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 184.8 R 1.623 -(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 196.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A -F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 208.8 Q -F0 1.377(Each v)184 208.8 R 1.377 -(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 220.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 232.8 Q F0 .132 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 232.8 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.53(locale. When) +144 84 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031 +(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An)-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G +-.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F .585 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 96 R .584 +(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in or)-.25 F(-) +-.2 E(der)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($1)2.5 E +F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A +F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo) +.15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 120 Q F0 1.377(Each v)184 120 R +1.377(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib) +-.15 F 1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 132 Q(ed for e)-.1 E +(xport to the en)-.15 E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1 +144 144 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 144 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 244.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 256.8 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 256.8 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(primary prompt.)184 156 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 +H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 168 Q F0 .087 +(Exit immediately if a)184 168 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 268.8 Q -F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 180 Q F2 +1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) .15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 -(The shell does not e)184 280.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F -.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 292.8 Q +(The shell does not e)184 192 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F +.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 204 Q 1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 -.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 304.8 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 216 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) -.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 316.8 R +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 228 R F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) -3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 328.8 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 +-.25(va)184 240 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with) +.15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 340.8 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +(non-zero status because a command f)184 252 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 352.8 R 2.677 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 264 R 2.677 (xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 (fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 -(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 364.8 R .617 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 276 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 376.8 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 288 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 388.8 -Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 406.8 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F14.542 -E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 -418.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 -(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 -(body will be af)184 430.8 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F12.694 E -F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 -2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) --.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 442.8 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 -(ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F13.39 E F0 .89 -(while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 454.8 Q F13.154 E F0 .654 +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 300 Q +.999(If a compound command or shell function e)184 318 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.999(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F F13.498 E F0 .998 +(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 330 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F +.503(will be af)184 342 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F13.002 E F0 +.502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1 +3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .502 +(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 354 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G 1.683 +(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.183 F F14.184 E F0 +1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) +-.15 E(where)184 366 Q F13.154 E F0 .654 (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 466.8 Q F1 -144 478.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 478.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -144 490.8 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -490.8 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 -502.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 514.8 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 514.8 R .514 +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 378 Q F1 +144 390 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 390 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +144 402 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 402 +R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .988(is en-)3.488 F(abled by def)184 414 +Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 426 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 426 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 526.8 Q F1 -144 538.8 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 538.8 R .148 +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 438 Q F1 +144 450 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 450 R .148 (Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F .149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 550.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(on systems that support it \(see)184 462 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F (OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 562.8 R -.679(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ -g its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 574.8 S(it status.).15 E F1144 586.8 Q -F0 .653(Read commands b)184 586.8 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 -598.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 -E F1144 610.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 622.8 Q F2 -(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 -(allexport)184 634.8 Q F0(Same as)224 646.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(braceexpand)184 658.8 Q F0(Same as)224 670.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(emacs)184 682.8 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 682.8 R 2.589 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 474 R .679 +(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ +s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 486 S(it status.).15 E F1144 498 Q F0 .653 +(Read commands b)184 498 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 +(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) +5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 510 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 522 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E +F0(The)184 534 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 +E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 546 Q F0(Same as)224 558 Q F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 570 Q F0(Same as)224 582 Q F12.5 E F0(.) +A F1(emacs)184 594 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 594 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 694.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G -.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) -3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 706.8 R(also af)2.5 E -(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G -(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 718.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 -718.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) -135.955 E(70)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(when the shell is interacti)224 606 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E +F0 2.5(option. This)224 618 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) +184 630 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 630 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 642 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 654 Q F0(Same as)224 666 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 678 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 690 Q F0(Same as)224 702 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 714 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 714 R 3.087(,a) +-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 726 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0) +72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(70)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(errtrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 84 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 96 Q F0(Same as)224 108 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 144 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 156 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 156 R 3.087(,a) --.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 168 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -180 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 192 R 1.657 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +SF(ignor)184 84 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 96 R 1.657 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) 4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -204 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 216 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 240 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 252 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 264 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 276 Q F0(Same as)224 276 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 288 Q F0(Same as)224 288 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 300 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 300 Q F1(notify)184 312 Q F0 -(Same as)224 312 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 324 Q F0(Same as) -224 324 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 348 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 348 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 360 Q F0 1.029 -(If set, the return v)224 360 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F -1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 372 +108 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 120 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 132 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 144 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 156 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 168 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 180 Q F0(Same as)224 180 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 204 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 204 Q F1(notify)184 216 Q F0 +(Same as)224 216 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 228 Q F0(Same as) +224 228 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 240 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 252 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 264 Q F0 1.029 +(If set, the return v)224 264 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 276 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 384 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 396 Q F0 -2.09(Change the beha)224 396 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 288 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 300 Q F0 +2.09(Change the beha)224 300 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 -408 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 -1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 420 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G -2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -432 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 444 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -456 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 468 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -468 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 480 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 480 R 3.965(ace. This) --.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -492 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 504 Q F0(Same as)224 504 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 522 Q -F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name) +312 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E .954 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 324 R 3.455(wp)-.25 G +.955(osix mode af)-3.455 F .955(fects bash')-.25 F 3.455(sb)-.55 G(e-) +-3.455 E(ha)224 336 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 348 Q(vileged)-.1 E +F0(Same as)224 360 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 372 S(rbose).1 E +F0(Same as)224 372 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 384 Q F0 .209 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 384 R 2.709(ace. This) +-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .209(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 +396 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 426 Q +F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F3(option\255name) 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -534 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +438 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F3(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 (commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 546 Q F1 -144 558 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 558 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 450 Q F1 +144 462 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 462 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F3(privile)4.821 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +F4($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F4($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 570 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 582 S -(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 -(and)2.774 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524 -(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 594 R .38 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 474 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F4(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F4 +-.27(BA)184 486 S(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F4(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 498 R .38 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 606 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 510 R F12.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 618 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 522 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 630 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 534 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 642 Q F1144 654 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 654 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 666 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 666 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 546 Q F1144 558 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 558 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1144 570 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 570 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 678 R 2.682 +as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 582 R 2.682 (xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 690 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 594 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -702 Q F1144 714 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 714 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) -135.955 E(71)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +606 Q F1144 618 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 618 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 630 Q F0 .315(After e)184 630 R +.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F3 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 +(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) +2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 +642 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F +1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)3.736 E F5(,)A F0 +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 654 Q +(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 +144 666 Q F0 1.205(The shell performs brace e)184 666 R 1.205 +(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.706(\). 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This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 -F(def)184 132 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 144 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 144 R -F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214 -(rwrite an e).15 F .214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0 -(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213 -(redirection opera-)2.713 F 3.053(tors. This)184 156 R .553(may be o) -3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 -(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 168 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 180 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 180 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +SF144 84 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 84 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 (rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. 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The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 108 Q F1 +144 120 Q F0(Enable)184 120 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 228 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 240 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 240 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 132 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 144 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 144 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 252 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 264 R(def)2.685 -E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453 +(that change the current w)184 156 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453 +(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452 +(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 168 R(def) +3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 276 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -288 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 288 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 180 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +192 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 192 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 312 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 324 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 324 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 216 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 228 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 228 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 336 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G -(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -348 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 348 R -F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 360 R -F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 372 Q .425(The options are of)144 -388.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 240 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) +.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1144 252 Q F0 .796 +(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 252 R F2(ar)3.297 E +(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G .797 +(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 F 3.022(rameters. The)184 264 R F1 +3.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F13.022 E F0 .522 +(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no) +3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521(s, the positional pa-)B +(rameters remain unchanged.)184 276 Q .425(The options are of)144 292.8 +R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 400.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 304.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 412.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +(current set of options may be found in)144 316.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 424.8 Q F1(shift)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 453.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +(is encountered.)144 328.8 Q F1(shift)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 357.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 465.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 369.6 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) .15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 477.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 381.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 489.6 R +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 393.6 R .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 501.6 Q F1(shopt)108 518.4 Q F0([) +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 405.6 Q F1(shopt)108 422.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 530.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 434.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 542.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +(listed belo)144 446.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 554.4 R .826 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.326 E F0 .825 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 566.4 R F2 -(optnames)3.052 E F0 .552 -(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55 -(options. The)144 578.4 R F12.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ -o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049 -E(options ha)144 590.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 602.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -602.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 614.4 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 614.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -626.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 626.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 638.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 458.4 R .066 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F12.566 E F0 .066 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 +F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 470.4 R F2 +(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074 +(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105 +(tions. The)144 482.4 R F13.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605 +E(options ha)144 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 506.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +506.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 518.4 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 518.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +530.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 530.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 542.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G (ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 650.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 662.4 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 662.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 554.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 566.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 566.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 679.2 R F1 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 583.2 R F1 3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 -(set or unset, respecti)144 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) --.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 703.2 Q(ault.) --.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -720 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.045 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(72)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984 +(set or unset, respecti)144 595.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U) +-.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 607.2 S(ult.) +.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 624 +R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F +.696 +(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) +144 636 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 648 Q(The list of)144 664.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 682.8 Q F0 1.944 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 694.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 706.8 R .885 +(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 +(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 718.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(72)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .696 -(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v) -3.196 F .695(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 96 Q(The list of)144 112.8 Q -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2 -(assoc_expand_once)144 130.8 Q F0 1.944 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 142.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 -(rray subscripts during).15 F 2.557(arithmetic e)184 154.8 R 2.557 -(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.557(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.557(cuting b).15 F 2.556(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F -(ariable)-.25 E(assignments, and while e)184 166.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F2 -(autocd)144 178.8 Q F0 .199 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 178.8 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(autocd)144 84 Q F0 .199 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 190.8 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 96 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F2(cdable_v)144 202.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 214.8 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 108 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 120 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 226.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 238.8 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 132 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 144 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -238.8 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 250.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +144 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 156 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 262.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 168 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 274.8 Q -(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F2(checkhash)144 286.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 298.8 R F2(bash)3.237 -E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 -310.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 322.8 -Q F0 .448(If set,)184 334.8 R F2(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(the command proceeds.)184 180 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 192 Q F0 .737 +(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 216 +Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 228 Q +F0 .448(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 (lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 346.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 358.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 370.8 Q -.1(wa) --.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 382.8 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 -394.8 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G -1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 406.8 Q 4.693(,u)-.65 G -2.193(pdates the v)-4.693 F 2.193(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)4.693 E F0 -(and)4.443 E F3(COLUMNS)4.694 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.194 -(This option is enabled by)6.694 F(def)184 418.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2 -(cmdhist)144 430.8 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 430.8 R F2(bash)3.702 E F0 -1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 -(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -442.8 Q 6.132(.T)-.65 G 1.132(his allo)-6.132 F 1.132 -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.133 -(This option is enabled by)6.133 F(def)184 454.8 Q .614(ault, b)-.1 F -.614(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .613 -(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .913 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 466.8 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A -F2(compat31)144 478.8 Q F0 .419(If set,)184 490.8 R F2(bash)2.919 E F0 -.419(changes its beha)2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.662(shell. If)184 252 R(an)2.662 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G +.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .161(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.472 +(tempted without an interv)184 264 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F2 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.473(shell al-)3.973 F -.1(wa)184 276 S +(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) +-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 288 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)3.59 +E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e) +-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F +(necessary)184 312 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85 +(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F2(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1 +(fa)184 324 S(ult.).1 E F1(cmdhist)144 336 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 336 R +F1(bash)2.673 E F0 .173(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172 +(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) +184 348 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597 +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 360 S 1.288(ult, b).1 +F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.587 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 372 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 +(compat31)144 384 Q F0 .419(If set,)184 396 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419 +(changes its beha)2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 (ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the) -184 502.8 R F2([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E -F2(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +184 408 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1 +(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 514.8 R F2([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F -(s)-.55 E F2(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 -(use ASCII collation and)184 526.8 R F1(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 -(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G -(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 538.8 Q F1(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 -(\(3\).).51 E F2(compat32)144 550.8 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 562.8 R F2 -(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v) --.2 F 1.41(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 -(string comparison when using the)184 574.8 R F2([[)2.922 E F0 .422 -(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F2(>) +(using the)184 420 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .793 +(use ASCII collation and)184 432 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.633 E +(cmp)-.37 E F0 .792(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') +.19 F 3.292(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.292 E(sequence and)184 444 Q F4(str) +2.84 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 456 Q F0 1.409 +(If set,)184 468 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F +1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 +(string comparison when using the)184 480 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) 2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 586.8 R .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 492 R .481 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 598.8 Q +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 504 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F2(compat40)144 610.8 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 622.8 R F2(bash)3.91 E F0 -1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 -(string comparison when using the)184 634.8 R F2([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 -(conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F2(>) -4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 646.8 R -F2(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F -(ersions)-.15 E .086 -(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 658.8 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) --.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 670.8 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F2(compat41)144 682.8 Q F0 1.524 -(If set,)184 694.8 R F2(bash)4.024 E F0 4.024(,w)C 1.524(hen in)-4.024 F -F1 1.524(posix mode)4.024 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.523 -(reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)-4.024 F -.15(ex)184 -706.8 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G .959 -(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459(nn).15 -G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 -718.8 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F 2.159 -(posix mode through v)184 730.8 R 2.159(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F 2.159 -(The def)7.159 F 2.159(ault bash beha)-.1 F 2.159 -(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F(vious)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 September 16)135.955 E(73)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +F1(compat40)144 516 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 528 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41 +(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .678 +(string comparison when using the)184 540 R F1([[)3.178 E F0 .678 +(conditional command')3.178 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.179 E F0(and)3.179 E F1(>) +3.179 E F0 .679(operators \(see de-)3.179 F .283(scription of)184 552 R +F1(compat31)2.783 E F0 2.783(\)a)C .283(nd the ef)-2.783 F .282 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .282(Bash v)5.282 F .282 +(ersions 4.0)-.15 F 1.164 +(and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 564 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.664(dt).15 G 1.165(he interrupt; pre)-3.664 F 1.165(vious v) +-.25 F 1.165(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 576 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 588 Q F0 .414(If set,) +184 600 R F1(bash)2.914 E F0 2.914(,w)C .414(hen in)-2.914 F F4 .414 +(posix mode)2.914 F F0 2.914(,t)C .414 +(reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter e)-2.914 F(x-)-.15 E +.502(pansion as a special character)184 612 R 5.502(.T)-.55 G .502 +(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(nn).15 +G .503(umber\) and the)-3.002 F 1.866 +(characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 624 R +1.866(This is the beha)6.866 F 1.865(vior of)-.2 F .589 +(posix mode through v)184 636 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 648 Q F1(compat42)144 660 Q +F0 .588(If set,)184 672 R F1(bash)3.088 E F0 .588 +(does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) +3.088 F .587(ord e)-.1 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion using quote remo)184 684 Q +-.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 696 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 708 R +F1(bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 +(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 720 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 +(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(73)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ve)184 84 S -(rsions.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat42)144 96 Q F0 1.797(If set,) -184 108 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 -(does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 120 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 132 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 144 R F1 -(bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 -(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 156 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 -(declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 -(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 168 S .352 -(tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) --.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.853(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.853 E -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 -F 1.057(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.374(function is e)184 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F -(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 -.375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 204 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(compat44)144 216 Q F0 .442(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)2.942 E F0(sa) -2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he positional parameters to B) --2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .441(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 -240 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G -(rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E -(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 252 Q F0 .653 -(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.1(fa)184 84 S +.352(tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353 +(ail \(the def)-.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F +2.853(et)-.1 G(hem)-2.853 E -.1(fa)184 96 S 1.058 +(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.057 +(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F .374 +(function is e)184 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F(ws) +-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1 +(continue)2.875 E F0 .375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375 +(fect loops in)-.25 F(the caller')184 120 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E +(xt\).)-.15 E F1(compat44)144 132 Q F0 .442(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash) +2.942 E F0(sa)2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442 +(he positional parameters to B)-2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .441 +(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 156 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E +(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 168 Q F0 .653 +(If set,)184 180 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525 -(forming completion.)184 276 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E +(forming completion.)184 192 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -288 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 300 R .028 +204 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 216 R .028 (ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028 -(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 312 R 1.073 +(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 228 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 324 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 240 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -336 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 348 Q +252 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 264 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 360 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 -(If set,)184 372 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 276 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 +(If set,)184 288 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 -384 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +300 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 -396 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 408 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 -408 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +312 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 324 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 +324 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 420 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 432 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 336 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 348 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 348 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 444 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 360 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 456 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti) -184 456 R 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 -(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.386 -(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 468 Q(gument to the)-.18 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 480 Q F0 .716 -(If set, aliases are e)184 492 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 372 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)184 +372 R .817 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .516 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 +384 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E +.3 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If)4.944 F 2.445(set after in)4.944 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G(cation,).2 E(beha)184 552 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 564 Q F0(The)220 564 Q F14.251 -E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 576 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 588 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -588 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 600 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 612 Q F0 .841 -(If the command run by the)220 612 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +-.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081 +(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 456 R F13.582 +E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 468 Q +(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 +480 Q F0(The)220 480 Q F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1 +(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 492 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 504 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +504 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 516 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 528 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)220 528 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 624 S .488 +(exe)220 540 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 636 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 552 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 648 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 648 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 564 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 564 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 (and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 660 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 672 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 672 R -(shells in)220 684 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 576 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 588 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 588 R +(shells in)220 600 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 696 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 696 R(in)220 708 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 612 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 612 R(in)220 624 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) -2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(74)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 +(extglob)144 636 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 636 R .4 +(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 648 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 660 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 672 R F1 +($)3.36 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0 +(")A F4(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1 +(${)3.36 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86 +(pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 684 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 696 Q F0 +.242(If set, patterns which f)184 696 R .243 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 +(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 708 Q(.)-.55 +E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(74)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(extglob)144 84 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 84 R .4 -(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 96 Q F0 -(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 108 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 120 R F1 -($)4.973 E F0<08>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd) --4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473 -(uoting is performed within)-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.) -184 132 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 -144 Q F0 1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 144 R 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 156 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 168 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 180 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 +SF -.25(fo)144 84 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 .937 +(If set, the suf)184 96 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the)-.15 F +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 (ariable cause w)-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 -(when performing w)184 192 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(when performing w)184 108 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 -(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948(pletions. See)184 204 R F3 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948(pletions. See)184 120 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f) --.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9 +-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F3 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 -216 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 228 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e) -184 240 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519 -(et e)-.1 F 2.519(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E -(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 252 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b) +132 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 144 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e) +184 156 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519 +(et e)-.1 F 2.519(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E +(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 168 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b) .15 G(eha)-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 (he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 -(That is, the current locale')184 264 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +(That is, the current locale')184 180 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 276 R F1(A) +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 192 R F1(A) 3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 288 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 300 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 300 R F1(**)3.018 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 204 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 216 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 216 R F1(**)3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 (xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 312 R .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 228 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -324 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 336 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 348 Q F1(histappend)144 -360 Q F0 .676 +240 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 252 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 264 Q F1(histappend)144 +276 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -372 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 384 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 396 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .576(If set, and)184 408 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +288 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 300 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 312 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .576(If set, and)184 324 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 (is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 (he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 420 Q F1(histv)144 432 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 -(If set, and)184 444 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +(tory substitution.)184 336 Q F1(histv)144 348 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 +(If set, and)184 360 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 456 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 372 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 468 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 384 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 480 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 492 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +(hostcomplete)144 396 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 408 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -504 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +420 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F3(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 516 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 528 Q F0(If set,) -184 540 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 432 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 444 Q F0(If set,) +184 456 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 552 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 564 R .219(alue of the) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 468 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 480 R .219(alue of the) -.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(option, instead of unsetting) -2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 576 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F -(option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E -F1(interacti)144 588 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo) -184 600 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1 -(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 492 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E +F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 504 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 .33(If set, allo)184 516 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 612 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 624 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 636 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 528 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 540 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 552 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 552 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 648 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 660 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) -184 660 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 +184 564 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 576 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) +184 576 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F -(with embedded ne)184 672 Q +(with embedded ne)184 588 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 684 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 696 R +(localv)144 600 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 612 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -708 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +624 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174 -(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 720 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(75)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 636 Q +F1(localv)144 648 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 660 R F1 +(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F +.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ +ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ +the beha)184 672 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 684 Q +(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 696 Q +F0 .486 +(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 +708 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 720 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(75)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(localv)144 84 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 96 R F1 -(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F -.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ -ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ -the beha)184 108 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 120 Q -(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 132 Q -F0 .486 -(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -144 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) -2.736 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 156 S -(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 168 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814 -(If set, and a \214le that)184 180 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +SF(mailwar)144 84 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 96 R +F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 192 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.1(wa)184 108 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 204 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 216 R F1 -.18 +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 120 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18 (re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E -F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 228 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 240 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 144 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 156 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 264 S +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 180 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 276 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -288 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 192 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +204 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +F .551(while e)184 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 312 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 324 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 336 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 348 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) +(wo)184 228 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 240 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 252 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) 3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) 3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 360 S -(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1 -(posixglob)144 372 Q F0 1.037(If set,)184 384 R F1(bash)3.537 E F0(mak) -3.537 E 1.037(es w)-.1 F 1.036 -(ords containing unquoted backslashes after e)-.1 F 1.036 -(xpansion eligible for)-.15 F 1.075(pathname e)184 396 R 1.075 -(xpansion, e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.575(ni).15 G 3.575(ft)-3.575 G(he) --3.575 E 3.575(yd)-.15 G(on')-3.575 E 3.575(tc)-.18 G 1.076(ontain an) --3.575 F 3.576(yo)-.15 G 1.076(ther unquoted pattern characters.)-3.576 -F(This option is enabled by def)184 408 Q(ault, and is enabled when)-.1 -E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(pr)144 420 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E -F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 432 R .677 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 444 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 456 Q -(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 -(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 468 R F1(bash)4.624 -E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 480 Q 3.289(th) +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 276 S +(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 +288 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +300 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +(are enabled.)184 312 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(pr)144 324 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 +(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 336 R F1(bash)4.624 +E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 348 Q 3.289(th) -.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.289 H(an)3.489 E 3.289(yc)-.15 G .789 (ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.289 F .788 -(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 492 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 +(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 360 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473 -(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 504 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E F1(pr) -144 516 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under) -184 528 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 540 S .17 +(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 372 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E F1(pr) +144 384 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under) +184 396 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 408 S .17 (pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F3(PR)2.671 E (OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 552 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 564 +(This option is enabled by def)184 420 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 432 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 576 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 588 Q 2.86 +184 444 R F3 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 456 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 600 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 468 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 612 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 624 R F1 +F1(shift_v)144 480 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 492 R F1 (shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 636 Q F1(sour) -144 648 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 660 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 504 Q F1(sour) +144 516 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 528 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) -.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +.771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 672 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 696 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(76)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 540 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 552 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 564 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) +108 580.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 592.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F3(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 604.8 R F1 +2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 616.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 +E F1(test)108 633.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 645.6 Q F2 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 645.6 R .877 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 657.6 +S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 +(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.361 +(primaries described abo)144 669.6 R 1.661 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F3(CONDITION)3.861 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.36(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.86(yo)-.15 G(p-) +-3.86 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 681.6 Q +(gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 +E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 699.6 R .786 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 +(dence. The)144 711.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 723.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30) +141.235 E(76)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(suspend)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 -96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501 -(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022 -(suspended; the)144 108 R F12.522 E F0 .022 -(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 120 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E -F1(test)108 136.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 148.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 148.8 R .877 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 160.8 -S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 -(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 -(primaries described abo)144 172.8 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 184.8 Q(gument of)-.18 -E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 202.8 R .786 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 214.8 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 226.8 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 238.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 238.8 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 250.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 250.8 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 -E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 262.8 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 274.8 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 286.8 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 298.8 S -(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -310.8 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 327.6 Q F0(and)2.5 E -F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +SF(!)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr) +180 84 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E +F1(\()144 96 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v) +180 96 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 +(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 108 Q F2 -.2(ex) +144 120 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 132 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 144 S(pr1).2 E +F02.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 156 S +(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 172.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 345.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 357.6 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 369.6 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 381.6 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 190.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 202.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 214.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 226.8 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 393.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 405.6 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 238.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 250.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 417.6 R .38 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 262.8 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 429.6 Q .553 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 -(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 441.6 Q +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 +274.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 286.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 453.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 465.6 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 298.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 310.8 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 477.6 R 1.155 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 489.6 R .578(xpression i\ +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 322.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 334.8 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 501.6 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 346.8 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 E F0(and)3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 513.6 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +(three ar)180 358.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F (o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -525.6 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +370.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 (gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(ar)180 537.6 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 +F(ar)180 382.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 549.6 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -561.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 573.6 R +(wise, the e)180 394.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +406.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 418.8 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 (he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) -.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 -(posed of the remaining ar)180 585.6 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -597.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 609.6 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 621.6 R 1.635 +.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F .284 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 430.8 R 2.784(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +.284(the e)2.784 F .284(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.285(luated ac-).25 F(cording to precedence using the rules listed abo) +180 442.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 454.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 466.8 R 1.635 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 (luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 651.6 Q F1(test)2.5 E +478.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 496.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 (>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 668.4 Q F0 +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 513.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 668.4 R(The return status is 0.)144 -680.4 Q F1(trap)108 697.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -F3(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F3(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command) -144 709.2 R F3(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.202(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F3(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G -(f)-5.702 E F3(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608 -(absent \(and there is a single)144 721.2 R F3(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 + processes run from the shell.)144 513.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 +525.6 Q F1(trap)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .683(The command) +144 554.4 R F2(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0 .683(is to be read and e)3.403 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .682(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.182(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.182 E F2(sigspec)3.522 E F0 5.682(.I).31 G +(f)-5.682 E F2(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.402 E .608 +(absent \(and there is a single)144 566.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 (\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(77)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +.659(\(the v)144 578.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 590.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 602.4 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 614.4 R F13.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 +(signal. The)144 626.4 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 +(bers. Each)144 638.4 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E +(names are case insensiti)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .667(If a)144 668.4 R F2 +(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(EXIT)3.167 E F0 .667 +(\(0\) the command)2.917 F F2(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .666(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +.666(If a)5.666 F F2(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(DE-)3.166 E -.09 +(BU)144 680.4 S(G).09 E F4(,)A F0 .483(the command)2.733 F F2(ar)3.313 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .483(is e)3.203 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 .484(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F2(for) +2.984 E F0(command,)2.984 E F2(case)2.984 E F0(command,)2.984 E F2 +(select)144 692.4 Q F0 .563(command, e)3.063 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)3.063 E F0 .563 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .562 +(cutes in a shell).15 F .622(function \(see)144 704.4 R F3 .622 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.122 F F0(abo)2.872 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.122(\). Refer).15 +F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F1(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.622(option to the)3.122 F F1(shopt)144 716.4 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)2.996 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E F2(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is) +3.306 E F3(RETURN)2.996 E F4(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F2(ar) +144.33 728.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 +(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 +(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F1(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 October 30)141.235 E(77)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .659(\(the v)144 -84 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)-.25 F(If)5.658 E/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) -144.34 96 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.081 E F0 -(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 108 R F1 -(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 F -(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 120 R F23.36 E -F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 -(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 132 R F22.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ - print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 144 R F1(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.811 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 156 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a) -144 174 R F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 -(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.648(If a)6.648 F F1(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 186 Q(UG) --.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F1(ar) -3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.168(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F1(case)3.668 E F0 -(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 198 Q F1(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.647 E F0 .146 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 210 R F3 .145 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F2(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 222 Q F2(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G -.7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)3.2 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 234 Q F1(ar)3.473 -E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 -(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.644(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F2(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 246 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 264 R F1(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F3 -(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\ -gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ -ro e)144 276 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 288 -R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(exe)144 84 S +(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 102 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.801 +E F0(is)3.771 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ERR)3.461 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e) +3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra) +.15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(single simple \ +command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 114 +R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 126 R .452 +(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 (trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 (ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 300 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.887 -E F0(or)2.887 E F2(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F0 .778 -(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 324 R 1.28 +(mand list immediately follo)144 138 R .387(wing a)-.25 F/F4 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke) +2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.898 E +F0 .388(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 150 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E +F0 .778(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 162 R 1.28 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 -F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F2(!) -3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 336 Q(yed by the) --.15 E F2(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(\)o)C -(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 +F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) +3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 174 Q(yed by the) +-.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4A F0 2.5(\)o)C +(ption.)-2.5 E .133 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -354 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 366 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 378 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 -E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 -394.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 406.8 S .174 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F1(name) -3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +192 R -.35(Tr)5.132 G .132(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 +(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 204 R .117 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117 +(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 216 R +(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0 +(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0 +(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 232.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(]) +A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 244.8 S +.174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F1 +(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F2144 418.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F2(type)3.342 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F1 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F1(name)144.36 430.8 Q F0 .087 +F4144 256.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F4(type)3.215 E F0 +.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F1(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E +F1 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)5.185 E F0 +(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F1 +(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 268.8 Q F0 .087 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F1 (name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 442.8 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 280.8 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F22.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F2(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 454.8 R .855 +F42.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F4(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 292.8 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -466.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F2 -3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 478.8 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) -C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 -F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 -(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F2 -2.612 E F0(and)144 490.8 Q F23.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 -F .731 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .528(mand name, or nothing if) +144 304.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 +G .528(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 +E F43.028 E F0 .529(option forces a)3.028 F F2 -.666(PA)3.029 G +(TH)-.189 E F0 .007(search for each)144 316.8 R F1(name)2.507 E F0 2.507 +(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.757 G 2.507(ni).15 G(f)-2.507 E F5 .007(type -t name) +2.507 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.417 E F0 +5.006(.I).18 G 2.506(fac)-5.006 G .006(ommand is hashed,)-2.506 F F4 +2.506 E F0(and)144 328.8 Q F43.23 E F0 .73 +(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F2 -144 502.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F2(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 -(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 -(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 514.8 R F2 -3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 -(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 526.8 R F23.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F23.723 E F0 +F F2 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F4 +144 340.8 Q F0 .824(option is used,)3.324 F F4(type)3.324 E F0 .824 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.324 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 +(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.683 E F0 5.823(.T).18 G .823(his in-) +-5.823 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 +352.8 R F43.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.177 +(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 364.8 R F43.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F43.723 E F0 1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 538.8 R F2(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type) +144 376.8 R F4(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type) 5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 (guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 550.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 567.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 388.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 (\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -579.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 +417.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 (he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 591.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F23.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F23.444 E F0 .944 +.943(that allo)144 429.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F43.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F43.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 603.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 615.6 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F22.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F22.926 E F0 .426 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 453.6 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F42.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F42.926 E F0 .426 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -627.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +465.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 639.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) -C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 651.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 -(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 663.6 R F22.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 -(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 675.6 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 -144 687.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 687.6 Q F2 -144 699.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 699.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F2144 711.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 711.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(78)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +.741(of the special v)144 477.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .024 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 489.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 +(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 +(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .984 +(source is printed, unless the)144 501.6 R F43.484 E F0 .984 +(option is gi)3.484 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .985 +(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 513.6 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4 +144 525.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 525.6 Q F4 +144 537.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 537.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F4144 549.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 549.6 Q F4144 561.6 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 561.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4144 573.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 573.6 Q F4144 +585.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +585.6 Q F4144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +597.6 Q F4144 609.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 609.6 Q F4 +144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 621.6 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F4144 633.6 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 633.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4144 645.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +180 645.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 657.6 Q F4144 669.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 669.6 Q F4 +144 681.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 681.6 Q F4 +144 693.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 693.6 +Q F4144 705.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 705.6 Q F4144 +717.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 717.6 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 E(78)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 84 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 -G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 96 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 96 Q F1144 108 Q -F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -108 Q F1144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 120 -Q F1144 132 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 132 Q F1 -144 144 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 144 Q(ed into memory) --.1 E F1144 156 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 156 Q -2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 168 Q -F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ - not allo)180 168 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 180 Q F1144 192 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 192 Q F1 -144 204 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -180 204 Q F1144 216 Q F0 -(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 216 Q F1144 228 Q -F0(The maximum stack size)180 228 Q F1144 240 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 240 Q F1144 252 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 252 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 264 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 264 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 276 -Q F1144 288 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 288 Q F1 -144 300 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 300 Q F1 -144 312 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 312 Q(If)144 328.8 +SF144 84 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 84 Q -.25(va) +-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 96 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 96 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 108 +Q F1144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 120 Q F1 +144 132 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 132 Q F1 +144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 144 Q(If)144 160.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468 (option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 -E .044(no option is gi)144 340.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 +E .044(no option is gi)144 172.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 -352.8 R F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 -4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 -4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C -1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 364.8 R 1.476 -(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F13.976 E F0(and)3.976 E -F13.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 376.8 R --.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 -(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -388.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 417.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 -5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .673(in seconds;)144 +184.8 R F13.173 E F0 3.172(,w)C .672 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-3.172 F F13.172 E F0(,)A F1 +3.172 E F0(,)A F13.172 E F0(,)A F13.172 E F0(,)A F1 +3.172 E F0 3.172(,a)C(nd)-3.172 E F13.172 E F0 3.172(,w)C +.672(hich are un-)-3.172 F .36(scaled v)144 196.8 R .36 +(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F12.86 E F0(and)2.86 E F1 +2.86 E F0 2.86(,w)C .36(hich are in 512-byte increments.)-2.86 F +.36(The return)5.36 F .411(status is 0 unless an in)144 208.8 R -.25(va) +-.4 G .411(lid option or ar).25 F .411 +(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a ne)-.18 F(w)-.25 +E(limit.)144 220.8 Q F1(umask)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 249.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 +5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 429.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -441.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +pted by)144 261.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +273.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 453.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 285.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 465.6 Q F0 .551 +(mode)144.38 297.6 Q F0 .551 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 477.6 Q +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 309.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 494.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 506.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E -F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 518.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(unalias)108 326.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 338.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E +F13.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) +3.258 F(mo)144 350.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 535.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 367.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 547.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 -3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 -(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F13.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 559.2 Q F0 1.551 -(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 571.2 R F1 -4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 -2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 583.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 -2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 -(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 -(be unset rather than the v)144 595.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 -F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F -.221(options are supplied, each)144 607.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 -(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 -(tion with that name is unset.)144 619.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G -1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 631.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 -(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) -.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 643.2 S -(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 --.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E -F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) -144 655.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 -E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 -667.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) -4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G -1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 679.2 Q(The e)5 E -(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E -(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 708 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\ +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 379.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 +3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303 +(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 +(If the)6.303 F F13.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 391.2 Q F0 .465 +(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 403.2 R F1 +2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 +.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) +2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 415.2 R F12.904 E +F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) +2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 +(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F +.719(rather than the v)144 427.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 +5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1 +3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .19 +(are supplied, each)144 439.2 R F2(name)2.69 E F0 .19(refers to a v)2.69 +F .189(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .189(ariable by that name, an) +-.25 F 2.689(yf)-.15 G .189(unction with)-2.689 F 1.115 +(that name is unset.)144 451.2 R 1.115(Each unset v)6.115 F 1.115 +(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.616(df).15 G 1.116 +(rom the en)-3.616 F 1.116(vironment passed to)-.4 F 1.501 +(subsequent commands.)144 463.2 R 1.501(If an)6.501 F 4.001(yo)-.15 G(f) +-4.001 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)4.001 G(SH_ALIASES).27 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)3.751 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27 +(BA)3.75 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)3.75 G(SH_COM-).27 E(MAND)144 +475.2 Q F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)2.845 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA) +2.846 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)2.846 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F4(,)A F3 +(DIRST)2.846 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)2.846 E +(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)144 487.2 Q F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.481 E +(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)6.481 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)6.481 E +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.481 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)6.48 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.48 +E F4(,)A F0(or)6.48 E F3(SRANDOM)144 499.2 Q F0 .831(are unset, the) +3.081 F 3.332(yl)-.15 G .832(ose their special properties, e)-3.332 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.332(ni).15 G 3.332(ft)-3.332 G(he)-3.332 E 3.332(ya) +-.15 G .832(re subsequently reset.)-3.332 F(The)5.832 E -.15(ex)144 +511.2 S(it status is true unless a).15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly) +2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 540 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\ ld process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id) 3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008 -(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 720 R -.15(ve)-.25 +(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 552 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 (ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(79)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +F2(id)144.01 564 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1 +(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441 +(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597 +(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 576 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 +(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 F F1 +3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 588 Q F0 +-.1(wa)3.057 G .557(its for a single job to terminate and returns its e) +.1 F .556(xit status.)-.15 F .556(Supplying the)5.556 F F13.056 E +F0 .556(option, when)3.056 F .345(job control is enabled, forces)144 600 +R F1(wait)2.846 E F0 .346(to w)2.846 F .346(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)2.846 E +F0 .346(to terminate before returning its status, instead of)2.846 F .6 +(returning when it changes status.)144 612 R(If)5.6 E F2(id)3.11 E F0 +.599(speci\214es a non-e)3.869 F .599 +(xistent process or job, the return status is)-.15 F 2.5 +(127. Otherwise,)144 624 R(the return status is the e)2.5 E +(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E +/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 640.8 Q F0(If)108 652.8 Q +F1(bash)3.581 E F0 1.081(is started with the name)3.581 F F1(rbash)3.581 +E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(rt)-3.581 G(he)-3.581 E F13.581 E F0 1.081 +(option is supplied at in)3.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081 +(cation, the shell becomes re-).2 F 2.977(stricted. 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.193(mand in the sequence.) -108 530.4 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ +108 355.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F -(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 542.4 Q(Array v)108 559.2 -Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 576 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) -135.955 E(81)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 367.2 Q(Array v)108 384 Q +(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 400.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 October 30)141.235 +E(81)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi index 330b1058..446bcdf6 100644 --- a/doc/version.texi +++ b/doc/version.texi @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ Copyright (C) 1988-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore -@set LASTCHANGE Wed Oct 30 16:57:22 EDT 2019 +@set LASTCHANGE Fri Nov 15 09:34:39 EST 2019 @set EDITION 5.0 @set VERSION 5.0 -@set UPDATED 30 October 2019 -@set UPDATED-MONTH October 2019 +@set UPDATED 15 November 2019 +@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2019 diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/history.3 b/lib/readline/doc/history.3 index 8de64f63..75f17eee 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/history.3 +++ b/lib/readline/doc/history.3 @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Sun Oct 8 11:43:43 EDT 2017 +.\" Last Change: Fri Nov 15 09:39:27 EST 2019 .\" -.TH HISTORY 3 "2017 October 8" "GNU History 6.3" +.TH HISTORY 3 "2019 November 15" "GNU History 8.0" .\" .\" File Name macro. This used to be `.PN', for Path Name, .\" but Sun doesn't seem to like that very much. @@ -118,6 +118,8 @@ containing The trailing \fB?\fP may be omitted if .I string is followed immediately by a newline. +If \fIstring\fP is missing, the string from the most recent search is used; +it is an error if there is no previous search string. .TP .B \d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring1\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring2\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing @@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing with .IR string2 . Equivalent to -``!!:s/\fIstring1\fP/\fIstring2\fP/'' +``!!:s\d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring1\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring2\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u'' (see \fBModifiers\fP below). .TP .B !# @@ -165,7 +167,8 @@ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will expand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line. .TP .B % -The word matched by the most recent `?\fIstring\fR?' search. +The first word matched by the most recent `?\fIstring\fR?' search, +if the search string begins with a character that is part of a word. .TP .I x\fB\-\fPy A range of words; `\-\fIy\fR' abbreviates `0\-\fIy\fR'. @@ -182,6 +185,7 @@ Abbreviates \fIx\-$\fP. .TP .B x\- Abbreviates \fIx\-$\fP like \fBx*\fP, but omits the last word. +If \fBx\fP is missing, it defaults to 0. .PD .PP If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the @@ -219,15 +223,19 @@ Quote the substituted words as with but break into words at .B blanks and newlines. +The \fBq\fP and \fBx\fP modifiers are mutually exclusive; the last one +supplied is used. .TP .B s/\fIold\fP/\fInew\fP/ Substitute .I new for the first occurrence of .I old -in the event line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The -final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the -event line. The delimiter may be quoted in +in the event line. +Any character may be used as the delimiter in place of /. +The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the +event line. +The delimiter may be quoted in .I old and .I new @@ -235,7 +243,8 @@ with a single backslash. If & appears in .IR new , it is replaced by .IR old . -A single backslash will quote the &. If +A single backslash will quote the &. +If .I old is null, it is set to the last .I old @@ -259,7 +268,8 @@ if it is the last character of the event line. An \fBa\fP may be used as a synonym for \fBg\fP. .TP .B G -Apply the following `\fBs\fP' modifier once to each word in the event line. +Apply the following `\fBs\fP' or `\fB&\fP' modifier once to each word +in the event line. .PD .SH "PROGRAMMING WITH HISTORY FUNCTIONS" This section describes how to use the History library in other programs. diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi b/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi index 521ccc70..05bb15a7 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi @@ -370,11 +370,13 @@ containing @var{string}. The trailing @samp{?} may be omitted if the @var{string} is followed immediately by a newline. +If @var{string} is missing, the string from the most recent search is used; +it is an error if there is no previous search string. @item @code{^@var{string1}^@var{string2}^} Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing @var{string1} with @var{string2}. Equivalent to -@code{!!:s/@var{string1}/@var{string2}/}. +@code{!!:s^@var{string1}^@var{string2}^}. @item @code{!#} The entire command line typed so far. @@ -426,7 +428,8 @@ The first argument; that is, word 1. The last argument. @item % -The word matched by the most recent @samp{?@var{string}?} search. +The first word matched by the most recent @samp{?@var{string}?} search, +if the search string begins with a character that is part of a word. @item @var{x}-@var{y} A range of words; @samp{-@var{y}} abbreviates @samp{0-@var{y}}. @@ -441,6 +444,7 @@ Abbreviates @samp{@var{x}-$} @item @var{x}- Abbreviates @samp{@var{x}-$} like @samp{@var{x}*}, but omits the last word. +If @samp{x} is missing, it defaults to 0. @end table @@ -478,15 +482,24 @@ Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. @item x Quote the substituted words as with @samp{q}, but break into words at spaces, tabs, and newlines. +The @samp{q} and @samp{x} modifiers are mutually exclusive; the last one +supplied is used. @end ifset @item s/@var{old}/@var{new}/ Substitute @var{new} for the first occurrence of @var{old} in the -event line. Any delimiter may be used in place of @samp{/}. +event line. +Any character may be used as the delimiter in place of @samp{/}. The delimiter may be quoted in @var{old} and @var{new} with a single backslash. If @samp{&} appears in @var{new}, it is replaced by @var{old}. A single backslash will quote -the @samp{&}. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last +the @samp{&}. +If @var{old} is null, it is set to the last @var{old} +substituted, or, if no previous history substitutions took place, +the last @var{string} +in a !?@var{string}@code[?]} +search. +The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character on the input line. @item & @@ -499,6 +512,7 @@ conjunction with @samp{s}, as in @code{gs/@var{old}/@var{new}/}, or with @samp{&}. @item G -Apply the following @samp{s} modifier once to each word in the event. +Apply the following @samp{s} or @samp{&} modifier once to each word +in the event. @end table diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/version.texi b/lib/readline/doc/version.texi index f9c774ce..f1416959 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/version.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/version.texi @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Copyright (C) 1988-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @set EDITION 8.0 @set VERSION 8.0 -@set UPDATED 6 March 2019 -@set UPDATED-MONTH March 2019 +@set UPDATED 15 November 2019 +@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2019 -@set LASTCHANGE Wed Mar 6 09:51:02 EST 2019 +@set LASTCHANGE Fri Nov 15 09:34:19 EST 2019 diff --git a/lib/readline/histexpand.c b/lib/readline/histexpand.c index adcf5dcb..0d6358df 100644 --- a/lib/readline/histexpand.c +++ b/lib/readline/histexpand.c @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ get_history_event (const char *string, int *caller_index, int delimiting_quote) } /* Hack case of numeric line specification. */ - if (string[i] == '-') + if (string[i] == '-' && _rl_digit_p (string[i+1])) { sign = -1; i++; @@ -230,10 +230,12 @@ get_history_event (const char *string, int *caller_index, int delimiting_quote) } #endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */ - if ((!substring_okay && (whitespace (c) || c == ':' || - (history_event_delimiter_chars && member (c, history_event_delimiter_chars)) || - (history_search_delimiter_chars && member (c, history_search_delimiter_chars)) || - string[i] == delimiting_quote)) || + if ((!substring_okay && + (whitespace (c) || c == ':' || + (i > local_index && history_event_delimiter_chars && c == '-') || + (c != '-' && history_event_delimiter_chars && member (c, history_event_delimiter_chars)) || + (history_search_delimiter_chars && member (c, history_search_delimiter_chars)) || + string[i] == delimiting_quote)) || string[i] == '\n' || (substring_okay && string[i] == '?')) break; @@ -409,7 +411,10 @@ hist_error(char *s, int start, int current, int errtype) } temp = (char *)xmalloc (ll + elen + 3); - strncpy (temp, s + start, ll); + if (s[start]) + strncpy (temp, s + start, ll); + else + ll = 0; temp[ll] = ':'; temp[ll + 1] = ' '; strcpy (temp + ll + 2, emsg); @@ -624,7 +629,7 @@ history_expand_internal (char *string, int start, int qc, int *end_index_ptr, ch return an error state after adding this line to the history. */ case 'p': - print_only++; + print_only = 1; break; /* :t discards all but the last part of the pathname. */ @@ -1356,6 +1361,11 @@ get_history_word_specifier (char *spec, char *from, int *caller_index) i++; last = '$'; } + else if (spec[i] == '^') + { + i++; + last = 1; + } #if 0 else if (!spec[i] || spec[i] == ':') /* check against `:' because there could be a modifier separator */