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commit bash-20110311 snapshot
This commit is contained in:
Chet Ramey
+252
-245
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
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%DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com)
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%DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -D 600 -t letter -o bashref.ps bashref.dvi
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%DVIPSParameters: dpi=600
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%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2010.12.28:1430
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%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2011.03.09:1705
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%%BeginProcSet: tex.pro 0 0
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%!
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/TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S
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@@ -4332,7 +4332,7 @@ TeXDict begin 2 1 bop 150 2889 a Ft(This)35 b(text)h(is)g(a)g(brief)f
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@@ -5638,50 +5638,49 @@ g(of)f Fs(shopt)f Ft(in)630 1524 y(Section)32 b(4.3.2)g([The)f(Shopt)f
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@@ -7009,59 +7008,61 @@ eop end
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2513 y(output)30 b(\(\014le)g(descriptor)g(1\))h(is)f(used.)39
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b(If)30 b(the)g(digits)h(in)e Fq(w)m(ord)34 b Ft(do)29
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(error)g(are)i(redirected)f(as)150 2783 y(describ)s(ed)h(previously)-8
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||||
b(.)150 3003 y Fj(3.6.9)63 b(Mo)m(ving)41 b(File)h(Descriptors)150
|
||||
3150 y Ft(The)30 b(redirection)h(op)s(erator)390 3306
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||||
y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(]<&)p Fi(digit)g Fs(-)150 3462
|
||||
(error)g(are)i(redirected)f(as)150 2842 y(describ)s(ed)h(previously)-8
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||||
b(.)150 3057 y Fj(3.6.9)63 b(Mo)m(ving)41 b(File)h(Descriptors)150
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||||
3203 y Ft(The)30 b(redirection)h(op)s(erator)390 3353
|
||||
y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(]<&)p Fi(digit)g Fs(-)150 3503
|
||||
y Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)33 b(the)f(\014le)g(descriptor)f Fq(digit)k
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||||
Ft(to)d(\014le)g(descriptor)g Fq(n)p Ft(,)f(or)h(the)g(standard)f
|
||||
(input)f(\(\014le)j(descriptor)e(0\))150 3572 y(if)f
|
||||
(input)f(\(\014le)j(descriptor)e(0\))150 3613 y(if)f
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||||
Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)40 b Fq(digit)33
|
||||
b Ft(is)e(closed)g(after)g(b)s(eing)f(duplicated)g(to)h
|
||||
Fq(n)p Ft(.)275 3728 y(Similarly)-8 b(,)31 b(the)f(redirection)h(op)s
|
||||
(erator)390 3884 y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(]>&)p Fi(digit)g
|
||||
Fs(-)150 4040 y Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)29 b(the)g(\014le)f(descriptor)f
|
||||
Fq(n)p Ft(.)275 3762 y(Similarly)-8 b(,)31 b(the)f(redirection)h(op)s
|
||||
(erator)390 3912 y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(]>&)p Fi(digit)g
|
||||
Fs(-)150 4062 y Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)29 b(the)g(\014le)f(descriptor)f
|
||||
Fq(digit)k Ft(to)e(\014le)f(descriptor)g Fq(n)p Ft(,)g(or)g(the)g
|
||||
(standard)f(output)h(\(\014le)g(descriptor)g(1\))150
|
||||
4150 y(if)i Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)150
|
||||
4370 y Fj(3.6.10)63 b(Op)s(ening)42 b(File)g(Descriptors)g(for)g
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||||
(Reading)e(and)h(W)-10 b(riting)150 4517 y Ft(The)30
|
||||
b(redirection)h(op)s(erator)390 4673 y Fs([)p Fi(n)11
|
||||
b Fs(]<>)p Fi(word)150 4829 y Ft(causes)39 b(the)g(\014le)g(whose)g
|
||||
4172 y(if)i Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)150
|
||||
4386 y Fj(3.6.10)63 b(Op)s(ening)42 b(File)g(Descriptors)g(for)g
|
||||
(Reading)e(and)h(W)-10 b(riting)150 4533 y Ft(The)30
|
||||
b(redirection)h(op)s(erator)390 4683 y Fs([)p Fi(n)11
|
||||
b Fs(]<>)p Fi(word)150 4833 y Ft(causes)39 b(the)g(\014le)g(whose)g
|
||||
(name)g(is)g(the)g(expansion)g(of)g Fq(w)m(ord)j Ft(to)d(b)s(e)g(op)s
|
||||
(ened)f(for)g(b)s(oth)h(reading)g(and)150 4939 y(writing)33
|
||||
(ened)f(for)g(b)s(oth)h(reading)g(and)150 4942 y(writing)33
|
||||
b(on)f(\014le)h(descriptor)f Fq(n)p Ft(,)h(or)g(on)f(\014le)h
|
||||
(descriptor)g(0)g(if)f Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)g(sp)s(eci\014ed.)47
|
||||
b(If)32 b(the)h(\014le)f(do)s(es)h(not)150 5049 y(exist,)e(it)g(is)g
|
||||
(created.)150 5313 y Fr(3.7)68 b(Executing)46 b(Commands)p
|
||||
b(If)32 b(the)h(\014le)f(do)s(es)h(not)150 5052 y(exist,)e(it)g(is)g
|
||||
(created.)150 5307 y Fr(3.7)68 b(Executing)46 b(Commands)p
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eop end
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%%Page: 31 37
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TeXDict begin 31 36 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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@@ -7732,7 +7733,7 @@ b(is)g(supplied,)i(the)e(pathname)f(prin)m(ted)h(ma)m(y)g(con)m(tain)h
|
||||
b(status)h(is)h(zero)g(unless)e(an)h(error)g(is)g(encoun)m(tered)g
|
||||
(while)h(determining)f(the)g(name)630 3039 y(of)k(the)f(curren)m(t)g
|
||||
(directory)h(or)f(an)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(option)g(is)f(supplied.)
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||||
150 3203 y Fs(readonly)870 3340 y(readonly)46 b([-aApf])f([)p
|
||||
150 3203 y Fs(readonly)870 3340 y(readonly)46 b([-aAf])g([-p])g([)p
|
||||
Fi(name)11 b Fs([=)p Fi(value)g Fs(]])43 b(...)630 3477
|
||||
y Ft(Mark)24 b(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(as)24 b(readonly)-8
|
||||
b(.)39 b(The)24 b(v)-5 b(alues)24 b(of)g(these)g(names)g(ma)m(y)g(not)g
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||||
@@ -7741,95 +7742,99 @@ b(.)39 b(The)24 b(v)-5 b(alues)24 b(of)g(these)g(names)g(ma)m(y)g(not)g
|
||||
(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(refers)22 b(to)i(a)f(shell)630 3696
|
||||
y(function.)39 b(The)26 b(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')h(option)g(means)g(eac)m(h)h
|
||||
Fq(name)k Ft(refers)26 b(to)i(an)e(indexed)h(arra)m(y)g(v)-5
|
||||
b(ariable;)630 3806 y(the)33 b(`)p Fs(-A)p Ft(')g(option)g(means)g(eac)
|
||||
m(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(refers)32 b(to)h(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)d
|
||||
(v)-5 b(ariable.)49 b(If)32 b(no)630 3915 y Fq(name)f
|
||||
Ft(argumen)m(ts)26 b(are)g(giv)m(en,)i(or)d(if)h(the)g(`)p
|
||||
Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)g(supplied,)f(a)h(list)h(of)e(all)i
|
||||
(readonly)630 4025 y(names)37 b(is)g(prin)m(ted.)59 b(The)37
|
||||
b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)i(causes)f(output)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(displa)m
|
||||
(y)m(ed)i(in)e(a)i(format)630 4134 y(that)25 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(reused)
|
||||
h(as)g(input.)38 b(If)24 b(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(name)g(is)f(follo)m
|
||||
(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(=)p Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(,)26 b(the)e(v)-5
|
||||
b(alue)630 4244 y(of)26 b(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(is)f(set)h(to)g
|
||||
Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(.)40 b(The)26 b(return)f(status)i(is)f(zero)h
|
||||
(unless)e(an)i(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)26 b(option)630 4354
|
||||
y(is)k(supplied,)f(one)h(of)g(the)g Fq(name)35 b Ft(argumen)m(ts)30
|
||||
b(is)g(not)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable)30
|
||||
b(or)g(function)630 4463 y(name,)h(or)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-f)p
|
||||
Ft(')f(option)h(is)f(supplied)f(with)h(a)h(name)f(that)h(is)g(not)f(a)h
|
||||
(shell)g(function.)150 4628 y Fs(return)870 4765 y(return)46
|
||||
b([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(])630 4902 y Ft(Cause)30 b(a)g(shell)g(function)g
|
||||
(to)h(exit)f(with)g(the)g(return)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fq(n)p
|
||||
Ft(.)40 b(If)29 b Fq(n)h Ft(is)g(not)g(supplied,)f(the)630
|
||||
5011 y(return)35 b(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(is)f(the)g(exit)h(status)f(of)h
|
||||
(the)f(last)h(command)f(executed)h(in)f(the)g(function.)630
|
||||
5121 y(This)21 b(ma)m(y)i(also)g(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)i(terminate)g
|
||||
(execution)g(of)f(a)h(script)f(b)s(eing)f(executed)i(with)f(the)630
|
||||
5230 y Fs(.)27 b Ft(\(or)g Fs(source)p Ft(\))f(builtin,)i(returning)e
|
||||
(either)h Fq(n)g Ft(or)g(the)g(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(last)h
|
||||
(command)630 5340 y(executed)46 b(within)f(the)g(script)g(as)h(the)f
|
||||
(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)h(script.)85 b(An)m(y)45 b(command)p
|
||||
b(ariable;)630 3806 y(the)26 b(`)p Fs(-A)p Ft(')g(option)h(means)f(eac)
|
||||
m(h)h Fq(name)32 b Ft(refers)25 b(to)i(an)f(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m
|
||||
(y)e(v)-5 b(ariable.)40 b(If)26 b(b)s(oth)630 3915 y(options)h(are)g
|
||||
(supplied,)f(`)p Fs(-A)p Ft(')g(tak)m(es)i(precedence.)40
|
||||
b(If)26 b(no)h Fq(name)32 b Ft(argumen)m(ts)26 b(are)h(giv)m(en,)i(or)
|
||||
630 4025 y(if)h(the)h(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)g(supplied,)e(a)i
|
||||
(list)g(of)g(all)g(readonly)f(names)h(is)f(prin)m(ted.)41
|
||||
b(The)30 b(other)630 4134 y(options)36 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)h
|
||||
(restrict)h(the)f(output)f(to)h(a)h(subset)e(of)h(the)g(set)g(of)g
|
||||
(readonly)630 4244 y(names.)63 b(The)37 b(`)p Fs(-p)p
|
||||
Ft(')h(option)g(causes)g(output)f(to)i(b)s(e)e(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(in)g
|
||||
(a)g(format)g(that)g(ma)m(y)630 4354 y(b)s(e)32 b(reused)h(as)g(input.)
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||||
48 b(If)33 b(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(name)f(is)h(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m
|
||||
(y)f(=)p Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(,)35 b(the)e(v)-5 b(alue)33
|
||||
b(of)h(the)630 4463 y(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(is)f(set)h(to)g
|
||||
Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(.)62 b(The)37 b(return)f(status)h(is)h(zero)g
|
||||
(unless)e(an)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)38 b(option)g(is)630
|
||||
4573 y(supplied,)f(one)g(of)g(the)g Fq(name)42 b Ft(argumen)m(ts)37
|
||||
b(is)g(not)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)37 b(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable)38
|
||||
b(or)e(function)630 4682 y(name,)31 b(or)f(the)h(`)p
|
||||
Fs(-f)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)f(supplied)f(with)h(a)h(name)f(that)h(is)g
|
||||
(not)f(a)h(shell)g(function.)150 4847 y Fs(return)870
|
||||
4984 y(return)46 b([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(])630 5121 y Ft(Cause)30
|
||||
b(a)g(shell)g(function)g(to)h(exit)f(with)g(the)g(return)f(v)-5
|
||||
b(alue)31 b Fq(n)p Ft(.)40 b(If)29 b Fq(n)h Ft(is)g(not)g(supplied,)f
|
||||
(the)630 5230 y(return)35 b(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(is)f(the)g(exit)h(status)f
|
||||
(of)h(the)f(last)h(command)f(executed)h(in)f(the)g(function.)630
|
||||
5340 y(This)21 b(ma)m(y)i(also)g(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)i(terminate)g
|
||||
(execution)g(of)f(a)h(script)f(b)s(eing)f(executed)i(with)f(the)p
|
||||
eop end
|
||||
%%Page: 41 47
|
||||
TeXDict begin 41 46 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
|
||||
b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(41)630 299 y(asso)s(ciated)30
|
||||
b(with)e(the)g Fs(RETURN)f Ft(trap)h(is)g(executed)h(b)s(efore)f
|
||||
(execution)h(resumes)f(after)h(the)630 408 y(function)38
|
||||
b(or)f(script.)63 b(The)38 b(return)e(status)i(is)g(non-zero)h(if)e
|
||||
Fs(return)g Ft(is)g(used)g(outside)i(a)630 518 y(function)30
|
||||
b(and)g(not)g(during)g(the)g(execution)i(of)e(a)h(script)f(b)m(y)h
|
||||
Fs(.)f Ft(or)g Fs(source)p Ft(.)150 682 y Fs(shift)870
|
||||
819 y(shift)46 b([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(])630 956 y Ft(Shift)41
|
||||
b(the)g(p)s(ositional)h(parameters)g(to)g(the)f(left)h(b)m(y)g
|
||||
Fq(n)p Ft(.)73 b(The)40 b(p)s(ositional)j(parameters)630
|
||||
1066 y(from)34 b Fq(n)p Fs(+)p Ft(1)39 b(.)22 b(.)h(.)45
|
||||
b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(41)630 299 y Fs(.)27
|
||||
b Ft(\(or)g Fs(source)p Ft(\))f(builtin,)i(returning)e(either)h
|
||||
Fq(n)g Ft(or)g(the)g(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(last)h(command)630
|
||||
408 y(executed)46 b(within)f(the)g(script)g(as)h(the)f(exit)h(status)g
|
||||
(of)f(the)h(script.)85 b(An)m(y)45 b(command)630 518
|
||||
y(asso)s(ciated)30 b(with)e(the)g Fs(RETURN)f Ft(trap)h(is)g(executed)h
|
||||
(b)s(efore)f(execution)h(resumes)f(after)h(the)630 628
|
||||
y(function)38 b(or)f(script.)63 b(The)38 b(return)e(status)i(is)g
|
||||
(non-zero)h(if)e Fs(return)g Ft(is)g(used)g(outside)i(a)630
|
||||
737 y(function)30 b(and)g(not)g(during)g(the)g(execution)i(of)e(a)h
|
||||
(script)f(b)m(y)h Fs(.)f Ft(or)g Fs(source)p Ft(.)150
|
||||
883 y Fs(shift)870 1011 y(shift)46 b([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(])630
|
||||
1139 y Ft(Shift)41 b(the)g(p)s(ositional)h(parameters)g(to)g(the)f
|
||||
(left)h(b)m(y)g Fq(n)p Ft(.)73 b(The)40 b(p)s(ositional)j(parameters)
|
||||
630 1249 y(from)34 b Fq(n)p Fs(+)p Ft(1)39 b(.)22 b(.)h(.)45
|
||||
b Fs($#)34 b Ft(are)g(renamed)g(to)h Fs($1)k Ft(.)22
|
||||
b(.)g(.)46 b Fs($#)p Ft(-)p Fq(n)p Ft(.)51 b(P)m(arameters)36
|
||||
b(represen)m(ted)e(b)m(y)g(the)630 1176 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)25
|
||||
b(represen)m(ted)e(b)m(y)g(the)630 1358 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)25
|
||||
b Fs($#)i Ft(to)g Fs($#)p Ft(-)p Fq(n)p Fs(+)p Ft(1)g(are)g(unset.)39
|
||||
b Fq(n)26 b Ft(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(a)i(non-negativ)m(e)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)
|
||||
c(less)i(than)g(or)630 1285 y(equal)33 b(to)h Fs($#)p
|
||||
c(less)i(than)g(or)630 1468 y(equal)33 b(to)h Fs($#)p
|
||||
Ft(.)47 b(If)33 b Fq(n)f Ft(is)h(zero)g(or)g(greater)h(than)f
|
||||
Fs($#)p Ft(,)g(the)g(p)s(ositional)g(parameters)g(are)h(not)630
|
||||
1395 y(c)m(hanged.)48 b(If)32 b Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(supplied,)h(it)g
|
||||
1577 y(c)m(hanged.)48 b(If)32 b Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(supplied,)h(it)g
|
||||
(is)f(assumed)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(1.)48 b(The)32 b(return)g(status)h(is)f
|
||||
(zero)630 1504 y(unless)e Fq(n)f Ft(is)i(greater)g(than)g
|
||||
(zero)630 1687 y(unless)e Fq(n)f Ft(is)i(greater)g(than)g
|
||||
Fs($#)e Ft(or)i(less)f(than)h(zero,)g(non-zero)g(otherwise.)150
|
||||
1669 y Fs(test)150 1778 y([)432 b Ft(Ev)-5 b(aluate)31
|
||||
1833 y Fs(test)150 1943 y([)432 b Ft(Ev)-5 b(aluate)31
|
||||
b(a)g(conditional)g(expression)f Fq(expr)7 b Ft(.)40
|
||||
b(Eac)m(h)30 b(op)s(erator)h(and)e(op)s(erand)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)g(a)630
|
||||
1888 y(separate)d(argumen)m(t.)40 b(Expressions)25 b(are)i(comp)s(osed)
|
||||
2052 y(separate)d(argumen)m(t.)40 b(Expressions)25 b(are)i(comp)s(osed)
|
||||
e(of)i(the)f(primaries)g(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w)630
|
||||
1998 y(in)34 b(Section)g(6.4)h([Bash)g(Conditional)f(Expressions],)h
|
||||
2162 y(in)34 b(Section)g(6.4)h([Bash)g(Conditional)f(Expressions],)h
|
||||
(page)g(78.)52 b Fs(test)33 b Ft(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept)630
|
||||
2107 y(an)m(y)27 b(options,)i(nor)d(do)s(es)h(it)g(accept)i(and)d
|
||||
2271 y(an)m(y)27 b(options,)i(nor)d(do)s(es)h(it)g(accept)i(and)d
|
||||
(ignore)i(an)f(argumen)m(t)g(of)g(`)p Fs(--)p Ft(')g(as)h(signifying)f
|
||||
(the)630 2217 y(end)j(of)g(options.)630 2354 y(When)g(the)h
|
||||
(the)630 2381 y(end)j(of)g(options.)630 2509 y(When)g(the)h
|
||||
Fs([)f Ft(form)g(is)g(used,)g(the)g(last)i(argumen)m(t)e(to)i(the)e
|
||||
(command)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)e(a)i Fs(])p Ft(.)630 2491
|
||||
(command)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)e(a)i Fs(])p Ft(.)630 2637
|
||||
y(Expressions)23 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(com)m(bined)i(using)f(the)h(follo)m
|
||||
(wing)h(op)s(erators,)g(listed)f(in)f(decreasing)630
|
||||
2600 y(order)30 b(of)h(precedence.)43 b(The)30 b(ev)-5
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||||
2746 y(order)30 b(of)h(precedence.)43 b(The)30 b(ev)-5
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||||
b(aluation)33 b(dep)s(ends)28 b(on)j(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h
|
||||
(argumen)m(ts;)g(see)630 2710 y(b)s(elo)m(w.)41 b(Op)s(erator)30
|
||||
(argumen)m(ts;)g(see)630 2856 y(b)s(elo)m(w.)41 b(Op)s(erator)30
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|
||||
(argumen)m(ts.)630 2874 y Fs(!)f Fi(expr)210 b Ft(T)-8
|
||||
b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(expr)37 b Ft(is)30 b(false.)630 3039
|
||||
(argumen)m(ts.)630 3002 y Fs(!)f Fi(expr)210 b Ft(T)-8
|
||||
b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(expr)37 b Ft(is)30 b(false.)630 3148
|
||||
y Fs(\()g Fi(expr)40 b Fs(\))122 b Ft(Returns)23 b(the)h(v)-5
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||||
b(alue)24 b(of)g Fq(expr)7 b Ft(.)37 b(This)23 b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(used)
|
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g(to)h(o)m(v)m(erride)h(the)f(normal)1110 3148 y(precedence)31
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||||
b(of)f(op)s(erators.)630 3313 y Fi(expr1)39 b Fs(-a)30
|
||||
b Fi(expr2)1110 3422 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(b)s(oth)g
|
||||
g(to)h(o)m(v)m(erride)h(the)f(normal)1110 3258 y(precedence)31
|
||||
b(of)f(op)s(erators.)630 3404 y Fi(expr1)39 b Fs(-a)30
|
||||
b Fi(expr2)1110 3513 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(b)s(oth)g
|
||||
Fq(expr1)37 b Ft(and)30 b Fq(expr2)38 b Ft(are)30 b(true.)630
|
||||
3587 y Fi(expr1)39 b Fs(-o)30 b Fi(expr2)1110 3696 y
|
||||
3660 y Fi(expr1)39 b Fs(-o)30 b Fi(expr2)1110 3769 y
|
||||
Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(either)h Fq(expr1)38 b Ft(or)30
|
||||
b Fq(expr2)37 b Ft(is)31 b(true.)630 3861 y(The)37 b
|
||||
b Fq(expr2)37 b Ft(is)31 b(true.)630 3915 y(The)37 b
|
||||
Fs(test)f Ft(and)g Fs([)h Ft(builtins)g(ev)-5 b(aluate)39
|
||||
b(conditional)f(expressions)f(using)g(a)g(set)h(of)f(rules)630
|
||||
3970 y(based)30 b(on)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(argumen)m(ts.)630
|
||||
4134 y(0)h(argumen)m(ts)1110 4244 y(The)f(expression)g(is)g(false.)630
|
||||
4408 y(1)h(argumen)m(t)1110 4518 y(The)f(expression)g(is)g(true)h(if)f
|
||||
4025 y(based)30 b(on)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(argumen)m(ts.)630
|
||||
4171 y(0)h(argumen)m(ts)1110 4281 y(The)f(expression)g(is)g(false.)630
|
||||
4427 y(1)h(argumen)m(t)1110 4536 y(The)f(expression)g(is)g(true)h(if)f
|
||||
(and)g(only)g(if)h(the)f(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(not)h(n)m(ull.)630
|
||||
4682 y(2)g(argumen)m(ts)1110 4792 y(If)f(the)h(\014rst)f(argumen)m(t)h
|
||||
(is)g(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(',)g(the)g(expression)g(is)g(true)f(if)h(and)f
|
||||
@@ -8171,15 +8176,15 @@ b(If)30 b(the)g Fs(extdebug)e Ft(shell)i(option)g(is)g(enabled)g(using)
|
||||
b(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft(')38 b(implies)630 2096 y(`)p Fs(-f)p
|
||||
Ft('.)630 2236 y(The)32 b(`)p Fs(-g)p Ft(')h(option)g(forces)g(v)-5
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||||
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|
||||
(global)h(scop)s(e,)630 2346 y(ev)m(en)39 b(when)f Fs(\\)p
|
||||
Ft(fBdeclare)p Fs(\\)p Ft(fP)h(is)g(executed)h(in)e(a)h(shell)g
|
||||
(function.)66 b(It)39 b(is)g(ignored)g(in)f(all)630 2456
|
||||
y(other)31 b(cases.)630 2596 y(The)c(follo)m(wing)h(options)g(can)f(b)s
|
||||
(e)g(used)f(to)i(restrict)g(output)e(to)i(v)-5 b(ariables)28
|
||||
b(with)f(the)g(sp)s(ec-)630 2705 y(i\014ed)j(attributes)h(or)f(to)h
|
||||
(giv)m(e)h(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(attributes:)630 2876
|
||||
y Fs(-a)384 b Ft(Eac)m(h)36 b Fq(name)k Ft(is)34 b(an)h(indexed)g(arra)
|
||||
m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)36 b(\(see)f(Section)h(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)1110
|
||||
(global)h(scop)s(e,)630 2346 y(ev)m(en)k(when)e Fs(declare)f
|
||||
Ft(is)j(executed)g(in)f(a)g(shell)h(function.)61 b(It)37
|
||||
b(is)g(ignored)h(in)f(all)h(other)630 2456 y(cases.)630
|
||||
2596 y(The)27 b(follo)m(wing)h(options)g(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)i
|
||||
(restrict)g(output)e(to)i(v)-5 b(ariables)28 b(with)f(the)g(sp)s(ec-)
|
||||
630 2705 y(i\014ed)j(attributes)h(or)f(to)h(giv)m(e)h(v)-5
|
||||
b(ariables)31 b(attributes:)630 2876 y Fs(-a)384 b Ft(Eac)m(h)36
|
||||
b Fq(name)k Ft(is)34 b(an)h(indexed)g(arra)m(y)g(v)-5
|
||||
b(ariable)36 b(\(see)f(Section)h(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)1110
|
||||
2986 y(page)31 b(82\).)630 3157 y Fs(-A)384 b Ft(Eac)m(h)24
|
||||
b Fq(name)k Ft(is)23 b(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)e(v)-5
|
||||
b(ariable)24 b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)1110
|
||||
@@ -9126,12 +9131,13 @@ Fs(FIGNORE)p Ft(.)37 b(This)22 b(option)1110 3216 y(is)30
|
||||
b(enabled)h(b)m(y)f(default.)630 3378 y Fs(globstar)96
|
||||
b Ft(If)38 b(set,)j(the)e(pattern)f(`)p Fs(**)p Ft(')h(used)e(in)i(a)f
|
||||
(\014lename)h(expansion)f(con)m(text)j(will)1110 3487
|
||||
y(matc)m(h)f(a)g(\014les)f(and)f(zero)i(or)g(more)f(directories)h(and)f
|
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(sub)s(directories.)66 b(If)1110 3597 y(the)30 b(pattern)g(is)g(follo)m
|
||||
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|
||||
(sub)s(directories)1110 3707 y(matc)m(h.)630 3868 y Fs(gnu_errfmt)1110
|
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3978 y Ft(If)35 b(set,)j(shell)e(error)g(messages)g(are)h(written)e(in)
|
||||
h(the)g(standard)f Fl(gnu)g Ft(error)1110 4088 y(message)c(format.)630
|
||||
y(matc)m(h)36 b(all)g(\014les)f(and)f(zero)i(or)f(more)g(directories)h
|
||||
(and)e(sub)s(directories.)54 b(If)1110 3597 y(the)30
|
||||
b(pattern)g(is)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)d(a)i(`)p Fs(/)p
|
||||
Ft(',)f(only)g(directories)h(and)f(sub)s(directories)1110
|
||||
3707 y(matc)m(h.)630 3868 y Fs(gnu_errfmt)1110 3978 y
|
||||
Ft(If)35 b(set,)j(shell)e(error)g(messages)g(are)h(written)e(in)h(the)g
|
||||
(standard)f Fl(gnu)g Ft(error)1110 4088 y(message)c(format.)630
|
||||
4249 y Fs(histappend)1110 4359 y Ft(If)c(set,)j(the)e(history)g(list)g
|
||||
(is)g(app)s(ended)e(to)j(the)f(\014le)g(named)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(v)-5
|
||||
b(alue)29 b(of)1110 4468 y(the)d Fs(HISTFILE)d Ft(v)-5
|
||||
@@ -10685,46 +10691,45 @@ Fs(declare)e Ft(builtin)h(will)i(explicitly)g(declare)g(an)f(arra)m(y)
|
||||
m(t)f(that)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)e(b)s(e)g(indexed)150 2489
|
||||
y(or)26 b(assigned)h(con)m(tiguously)-8 b(.)41 b(Indexed)25
|
||||
b(arra)m(ys)i(are)f(referenced)g(using)g(in)m(tegers)i(\(including)e
|
||||
(arithmetic)150 2598 y(expressions)41 b(\(see)h(Section)g(6.5)h([Shell)
|
||||
e(Arithmetic],)46 b(page)c(80\))g(and)f(are)g(zero-based;)48
|
||||
b(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)150 2708 y(arra)m(ys)31 b(use)f(arbitrary)g
|
||||
(strings.)275 2841 y(An)c(indexed)h(arra)m(y)h(is)f(created)h
|
||||
(automatically)j(if)c(an)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(is)g(assigned)f(to)h
|
||||
(using)f(the)g(syn)m(tax)390 2974 y Fs(name[)p Fi(subscript)11
|
||||
b Fs(]=)p Fi(value)150 3108 y Ft(The)37 b Fq(subscript)h
|
||||
Ft(is)f(treated)h(as)f(an)g(arithmetic)i(expression)e(that)g(m)m(ust)g
|
||||
(ev)-5 b(aluate)39 b(to)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)59 b(If)150
|
||||
3217 y Fq(subscript)29 b Ft(ev)-5 b(aluates)29 b(to)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s
|
||||
(er)d(less)j(than)e(zero,)j(it)e(is)h(used)e(as)h(an)g(o\013set)h(from)
|
||||
f(one)g(greater)h(than)150 3327 y(the)h(arra)m(y's)h(maxim)m(um)e
|
||||
(index)h(\(so)g(a)h(sub)s(cript)d(of)i(-1)h(refers)e(to)i(the)f(last)h
|
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(elemen)m(t)g(of)f(the)g(arra)m(y\).)41 b(T)-8 b(o)150
|
||||
3436 y(explicitly)32 b(declare)f(an)g(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)31
|
||||
b(use)390 3570 y Fs(declare)46 b(-a)h Fi(name)150 3703
|
||||
y Ft(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)390 3836 y Fs(declare)46 b(-a)h
|
||||
Fi(name)11 b Fs([)p Fi(subscript)g Fs(])150 3969 y Ft(is)30
|
||||
b(also)i(accepted;)g(the)e Fq(subscript)h Ft(is)g(ignored.)275
|
||||
4102 y(Asso)s(ciativ)m(e)h(arra)m(ys)f(are)g(created)g(using)390
|
||||
4236 y Fs(declare)46 b(-A)h Fi(name)11 b Fs(.)275 4369
|
||||
y Ft(A)m(ttributes)46 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(for)h(an)g
|
||||
(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)47 b(using)e(the)h Fs(declare)e
|
||||
Ft(and)h Fs(readonly)150 4478 y Ft(builtins.)40 b(Eac)m(h)31
|
||||
b(attribute)g(applies)g(to)g(all)g(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)g(an)h(arra)m(y)
|
||||
-8 b(.)275 4612 y(Arra)m(ys)30 b(are)h(assigned)f(to)h(using)f(comp)s
|
||||
(ound)f(assignmen)m(ts)i(of)g(the)f(form)390 4745 y Fs(name=\(value)p
|
||||
Fi(1)55 b Fs(...)47 b(value)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(\))150 4878
|
||||
y Ft(where)37 b(eac)m(h)i Fq(v)-5 b(alue)42 b Ft(is)c(of)g(the)f(form)g
|
||||
Fs([)p Fi(subscript)11 b Fs(]=)p Fq(string)d Ft(.)58
|
||||
b(Indexed)36 b(arra)m(y)i(assignmen)m(ts)g(do)g(not)150
|
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4988 y(require)c(the)g(brac)m(k)m(et)h(and)e(subscript.)50
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b(When)34 b(assigning)g(to)g(indexed)g(arra)m(ys,)h(if)f(the)g
|
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(optional)h(sub-)150 5097 y(script)c(is)h(supplied,)f(that)h(index)f
|
||||
(is)h(assigned)g(to;)h(otherwise)f(the)f(index)h(of)f(the)h(elemen)m(t)
|
||||
h(assigned)f(is)150 5207 y(the)f(last)g(index)f(assigned)g(to)h(b)m(y)g
|
||||
(the)f(statemen)m(t)i(plus)e(one.)41 b(Indexing)30 b(starts)g(at)i
|
||||
(zero.)275 5340 y(When)e(assigning)h(to)g(an)f(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j
|
||||
(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(the)e(subscript)f(is)i(required.)p
|
||||
eop end
|
||||
(arithmetic)150 2598 y(expressions)38 b(\(see)h(Section)g(6.5)h([Shell)
|
||||
e(Arithmetic],)k(page)d(80\)\))h(and)d(are)i(zero-based;)k(asso)s
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||||
(ciativ)m(e)150 2708 y(arra)m(ys)31 b(use)f(arbitrary)g(strings.)275
|
||||
2841 y(An)c(indexed)h(arra)m(y)h(is)f(created)h(automatically)j(if)c
|
||||
(an)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(is)g(assigned)f(to)h(using)f(the)g(syn)m
|
||||
(tax)390 2974 y Fs(name[)p Fi(subscript)11 b Fs(]=)p
|
||||
Fi(value)150 3108 y Ft(The)37 b Fq(subscript)h Ft(is)f(treated)h(as)f
|
||||
(an)g(arithmetic)i(expression)e(that)g(m)m(ust)g(ev)-5
|
||||
b(aluate)39 b(to)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)59 b(If)150 3217
|
||||
y Fq(subscript)29 b Ft(ev)-5 b(aluates)29 b(to)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)d
|
||||
(less)j(than)e(zero,)j(it)e(is)h(used)e(as)h(an)g(o\013set)h(from)f
|
||||
(one)g(greater)h(than)150 3327 y(the)h(arra)m(y's)h(maxim)m(um)e(index)
|
||||
h(\(so)g(a)h(sub)s(cript)d(of)i(-1)h(refers)e(to)i(the)f(last)h(elemen)
|
||||
m(t)g(of)f(the)g(arra)m(y\).)41 b(T)-8 b(o)150 3436 y(explicitly)32
|
||||
b(declare)f(an)g(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)31 b(use)390 3570 y
|
||||
Fs(declare)46 b(-a)h Fi(name)150 3703 y Ft(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)390
|
||||
3836 y Fs(declare)46 b(-a)h Fi(name)11 b Fs([)p Fi(subscript)g
|
||||
Fs(])150 3969 y Ft(is)30 b(also)i(accepted;)g(the)e Fq(subscript)h
|
||||
Ft(is)g(ignored.)275 4102 y(Asso)s(ciativ)m(e)h(arra)m(ys)f(are)g
|
||||
(created)g(using)390 4236 y Fs(declare)46 b(-A)h Fi(name)11
|
||||
b Fs(.)275 4369 y Ft(A)m(ttributes)46 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(sp)s
|
||||
(eci\014ed)g(for)h(an)g(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)47
|
||||
b(using)e(the)h Fs(declare)e Ft(and)h Fs(readonly)150
|
||||
4478 y Ft(builtins.)40 b(Eac)m(h)31 b(attribute)g(applies)g(to)g(all)g
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||||
(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)g(an)h(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)275 4612 y(Arra)m(ys)30
|
||||
b(are)h(assigned)f(to)h(using)f(comp)s(ound)f(assignmen)m(ts)i(of)g
|
||||
(the)f(form)390 4745 y Fs(name=\(value)p Fi(1)55 b Fs(...)47
|
||||
b(value)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(\))150 4878 y Ft(where)37 b(eac)m(h)i
|
||||
Fq(v)-5 b(alue)42 b Ft(is)c(of)g(the)f(form)g Fs([)p
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||||
Fi(subscript)11 b Fs(]=)p Fq(string)d Ft(.)58 b(Indexed)36
|
||||
b(arra)m(y)i(assignmen)m(ts)g(do)g(not)150 4988 y(require)c(the)g(brac)
|
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m(k)m(et)h(and)e(subscript.)50 b(When)34 b(assigning)g(to)g(indexed)g
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(arra)m(ys,)h(if)f(the)g(optional)h(sub-)150 5097 y(script)c(is)h
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(index)h(of)f(the)h(elemen)m(t)h(assigned)f(is)150 5207
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y(the)f(last)g(index)f(assigned)g(to)h(b)m(y)g(the)f(statemen)m(t)i
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(plus)e(one.)41 b(Indexing)30 b(starts)g(at)i(zero.)275
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||||
5340 y(When)e(assigning)h(to)g(an)f(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)-8
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b(,)32 b(the)e(subscript)f(is)i(required.)p eop end
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%%Page: 83 89
|
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TeXDict begin 83 88 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
|
||||
b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(83)275 299 y(This)30
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||||
@@ -10732,87 +10737,89 @@ b(syn)m(tax)j(is)e(also)i(accepted)g(b)m(y)f(the)f Fs(declare)f
|
||||
Ft(builtin.)44 b(Individual)31 b(arra)m(y)h(elemen)m(ts)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s
|
||||
(e)150 408 y(assigned)e(to)g(using)f(the)g Fs(name[)p
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Fq(subscript)r Fs(]=)p Fq(v)-5 b(alue)33 b Ft(syn)m(tax)e(in)m(tro)s
|
||||
(duced)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)275 554 y(An)m(y)j(elemen)m(t)i(of)f(an)f
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||||
(duced)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)275 543 y(An)m(y)j(elemen)m(t)i(of)f(an)f
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||||
(arra)m(y)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(referenced)g(using)g Fs(${name[)p
|
||||
Fq(subscript)r Fs(]})p Ft(.)46 b(The)33 b(braces)h(are)150
|
||||
663 y(required)28 b(to)j(a)m(v)m(oid)f(con\015icts)g(with)f(the)h
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||||
652 y(required)28 b(to)j(a)m(v)m(oid)f(con\015icts)g(with)f(the)h
|
||||
(shell's)f(\014lename)h(expansion)f(op)s(erators.)41
|
||||
b(If)28 b(the)i Fq(subscript)g Ft(is)150 773 y(`)p Fs(@)p
|
||||
b(If)28 b(the)i Fq(subscript)g Ft(is)150 762 y(`)p Fs(@)p
|
||||
Ft(')f(or)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)g(the)g(w)m(ord)g(expands)f(to)i(all)f
|
||||
(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)h(the)g(arra)m(y)h Fq(name)5 b Ft(.)40
|
||||
b(These)29 b(subscripts)e(di\013er)i(only)150 883 y(when)36
|
||||
b(These)29 b(subscripts)e(di\013er)i(only)150 872 y(when)36
|
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b(the)g(w)m(ord)g(app)s(ears)g(within)g(double)g(quotes.)60
|
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b(If)36 b(the)h(w)m(ord)f(is)g(double-quoted,)j Fs(${name[*]})150
|
||||
992 y Ft(expands)20 b(to)h(a)g(single)g(w)m(ord)f(with)h(the)g(v)-5
|
||||
981 y Ft(expands)20 b(to)h(a)g(single)g(w)m(ord)f(with)h(the)g(v)-5
|
||||
b(alue)21 b(of)f(eac)m(h)i(arra)m(y)f(mem)m(b)s(er)f(separated)h(b)m(y)
|
||||
g(the)f(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)150 1102 y(of)38 b(the)g
|
||||
g(the)f(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)150 1091 y(of)38 b(the)g
|
||||
Fs(IFS)f Ft(v)-5 b(ariable,)41 b(and)c Fs(${name[@]})e
|
||||
Ft(expands)i(eac)m(h)i(elemen)m(t)g(of)f Fq(name)43 b
|
||||
Ft(to)c(a)f(separate)h(w)m(ord.)150 1211 y(When)32 b(there)h(are)f(no)g
|
||||
Ft(to)c(a)f(separate)h(w)m(ord.)150 1200 y(When)32 b(there)h(are)f(no)g
|
||||
(arra)m(y)h(mem)m(b)s(ers,)f Fs(${name[@]})e Ft(expands)h(to)i
|
||||
(nothing.)47 b(If)31 b(the)i(double-quoted)150 1321 y(expansion)39
|
||||
(nothing.)47 b(If)31 b(the)i(double-quoted)150 1310 y(expansion)39
|
||||
b(o)s(ccurs)h(within)f(a)h(w)m(ord,)i(the)d(expansion)h(of)g(the)f
|
||||
(\014rst)g(parameter)h(is)g(joined)f(with)h(the)150 1431
|
||||
(\014rst)g(parameter)h(is)g(joined)f(with)h(the)150 1420
|
||||
y(b)s(eginning)j(part)h(of)g(the)g(original)h(w)m(ord,)j(and)43
|
||||
b(the)h(expansion)g(of)g(the)g(last)h(parameter)f(is)g(joined)150
|
||||
1540 y(with)35 b(the)g(last)h(part)f(of)g(the)g(original)h(w)m(ord.)55
|
||||
1529 y(with)35 b(the)g(last)h(part)f(of)g(the)g(original)h(w)m(ord.)55
|
||||
b(This)34 b(is)h(analogous)h(to)g(the)f(expansion)g(of)g(the)g(sp)s
|
||||
(ecial)150 1650 y(parameters)28 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p
|
||||
(ecial)150 1639 y(parameters)28 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p
|
||||
Fs(*)p Ft('.)39 b Fs(${#name[)p Fq(subscript)r Fs(]})24
|
||||
b Ft(expands)j(to)h(the)g(length)g(of)f Fs(${name[)p
|
||||
Fq(subscript)r Fs(]})p Ft(.)150 1759 y(If)j Fq(subscript)i
|
||||
Fq(subscript)r Fs(]})p Ft(.)150 1748 y(If)j Fq(subscript)i
|
||||
Ft(is)f(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')f(or)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)g(the)g(expansion)g(is)
|
||||
g(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(elemen)m(ts)h(in)f(the)g(arra)m(y)-8
|
||||
b(.)42 b(Referencing)150 1869 y(an)30 b(arra)m(y)h(v)-5
|
||||
b(.)42 b(Referencing)150 1858 y(an)30 b(arra)m(y)h(v)-5
|
||||
b(ariable)31 b(without)g(a)f(subscript)g(is)g(equiv)-5
|
||||
b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f(referencing)g(with)f(a)g(subscript)g(of)g(0.)275
|
||||
2014 y(An)35 b(arra)m(y)i(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(is)g(considered)f(set)h
|
||||
1992 y(An)35 b(arra)m(y)i(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(is)g(considered)f(set)h
|
||||
(if)f(a)h(subscript)e(has)h(b)s(een)g(assigned)g(a)h(v)-5
|
||||
b(alue.)59 b(The)36 b(n)m(ull)150 2124 y(string)30 b(is)h(a)g(v)-5
|
||||
b(alid)30 b(v)-5 b(alue.)275 2269 y(The)32 b Fs(unset)g
|
||||
b(alue.)59 b(The)36 b(n)m(ull)150 2102 y(string)30 b(is)h(a)g(v)-5
|
||||
b(alid)30 b(v)-5 b(alue.)275 2236 y(The)32 b Fs(unset)g
|
||||
Ft(builtin)h(is)g(used)g(to)h(destro)m(y)g(arra)m(ys.)50
|
||||
b Fs(unset)31 b Fq(name)5 b Ft([)p Fq(subscript)r Ft(])33
|
||||
b(destro)m(ys)h(the)f(arra)m(y)150 2379 y(elemen)m(t)i(at)g(index)f
|
||||
b(destro)m(ys)h(the)f(arra)m(y)150 2346 y(elemen)m(t)i(at)g(index)f
|
||||
Fq(subscript)r Ft(.)50 b(Care)34 b(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)h(tak)m(en)h(to)f(a)
|
||||
m(v)m(oid)i(un)m(w)m(an)m(ted)e(side)g(e\013ects)h(caused)f(b)m(y)150
|
||||
2488 y(\014lename)40 b(expansion.)69 b Fs(unset)39 b
|
||||
2456 y(\014lename)40 b(expansion.)69 b Fs(unset)39 b
|
||||
Fq(name)5 b Ft(,)42 b(where)e Fq(name)45 b Ft(is)39 b(an)h(arra)m(y)-8
|
||||
b(,)44 b(remo)m(v)m(es)d(the)f(en)m(tire)h(arra)m(y)-8
|
||||
b(.)70 b(A)150 2598 y(subscript)29 b(of)i(`)p Fs(*)p
|
||||
b(.)70 b(A)150 2565 y(subscript)29 b(of)i(`)p Fs(*)p
|
||||
Ft(')f(or)h(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')f(also)h(remo)m(v)m(es)h(the)f(en)m(tire)g
|
||||
(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)275 2743 y(The)41 b Fs(declare)p Ft(,)i
|
||||
(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)275 2700 y(The)41 b Fs(declare)p Ft(,)i
|
||||
Fs(local)p Ft(,)h(and)d Fs(readonly)f Ft(builtins)h(eac)m(h)j(accept)f
|
||||
(a)f(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')g(option)h(to)f(sp)s(ecify)g(an)150
|
||||
2853 y(indexed)34 b(arra)m(y)h(and)f(a)h(`)p Fs(-A)p
|
||||
Ft(')g(option)g(to)g(sp)s(ecify)g(an)f(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)-8
|
||||
b(.)55 b(The)34 b Fs(read)f Ft(builtin)i(accepts)150
|
||||
2963 y(a)h(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')f(option)h(to)g(assign)g(a)f(list)h(of)g(w)
|
||||
m(ords)f(read)g(from)g(the)h(standard)e(input)h(to)h(an)f(arra)m(y)-8
|
||||
b(,)38 b(and)d(can)150 3072 y(read)c(v)-5 b(alues)31
|
||||
b(from)f(the)h(standard)f(input)g(in)m(to)i(individual)e(arra)m(y)h
|
||||
(elemen)m(ts.)44 b(The)30 b Fs(set)g Ft(and)g Fs(declare)150
|
||||
3182 y Ft(builtins)g(displa)m(y)g(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(alues)31
|
||||
b(in)f(a)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(that)g(allo)m(ws)h(them)e(to)h(b)s(e)f(reused)g
|
||||
(as)g(input.)150 3431 y Fr(6.8)68 b(The)45 b(Directory)g(Stac)l(k)150
|
||||
3590 y Ft(The)21 b(directory)h(stac)m(k)h(is)e(a)h(list)g(of)f(recen)m
|
||||
2809 y(indexed)25 b(arra)m(y)h(and)e(a)i(`)p Fs(-A)p
|
||||
Ft(')f(option)h(to)g(sp)s(ecify)f(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)-8
|
||||
b(.)40 b(If)25 b(b)s(oth)g(options)g(are)h(supplied,)150
|
||||
2919 y(`)p Fs(-A)p Ft(')k(tak)m(es)i(precedence.)41 b(The)30
|
||||
b Fs(read)f Ft(builtin)g(accepts)j(a)e(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')g(option)h(to)g
|
||||
(assign)g(a)f(list)h(of)f(w)m(ords)g(read)150 3028 y(from)40
|
||||
b(the)g(standard)f(input)h(to)h(an)f(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)44
|
||||
b(and)39 b(can)i(read)f(v)-5 b(alues)40 b(from)g(the)g(standard)g
|
||||
(input)f(in)m(to)150 3138 y(individual)26 b(arra)m(y)h(elemen)m(ts.)41
|
||||
b(The)26 b Fs(set)f Ft(and)h Fs(declare)f Ft(builtins)g(displa)m(y)i
|
||||
(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(in)f(a)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(that)150
|
||||
3248 y(allo)m(ws)32 b(them)e(to)h(b)s(e)f(reused)f(as)i(input.)150
|
||||
3480 y Fr(6.8)68 b(The)45 b(Directory)g(Stac)l(k)150
|
||||
3639 y Ft(The)21 b(directory)h(stac)m(k)h(is)e(a)h(list)g(of)f(recen)m
|
||||
(tly-visited)j(directories.)39 b(The)20 b Fs(pushd)g
|
||||
Ft(builtin)h(adds)g(directories)150 3700 y(to)42 b(the)f(stac)m(k)i(as)
|
||||
Ft(builtin)h(adds)g(directories)150 3749 y(to)42 b(the)f(stac)m(k)i(as)
|
||||
e(it)h(c)m(hanges)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(directory)-8 b(,)45
|
||||
b(and)40 b(the)i Fs(popd)e Ft(builtin)g(remo)m(v)m(es)j(sp)s(eci\014ed)
|
||||
150 3809 y(directories)29 b(from)f(the)h(stac)m(k)h(and)d(c)m(hanges)j
|
||||
150 3859 y(directories)29 b(from)f(the)h(stac)m(k)h(and)d(c)m(hanges)j
|
||||
(the)e(curren)m(t)g(directory)h(to)g(the)g(directory)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)
|
||||
41 b(The)150 3919 y Fs(dirs)29 b Ft(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)h(the)f(con)m
|
||||
(ten)m(ts)i(of)f(the)f(directory)h(stac)m(k.)275 4064
|
||||
41 b(The)150 3968 y Fs(dirs)29 b Ft(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)h(the)f(con)m
|
||||
(ten)m(ts)i(of)f(the)f(directory)h(stac)m(k.)275 4103
|
||||
y(The)k(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(of)f(the)h(directory)f(stac)m(k)h(are)f(also)h
|
||||
(visible)g(as)f(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(of)g(the)g Fs(DIRSTACK)e
|
||||
Ft(shell)150 4174 y(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 4384 y Fj(6.8.1)63
|
||||
b(Directory)40 b(Stac)m(k)g(Builtins)150 4561 y Fs(dirs)870
|
||||
4701 y(dirs)47 b([+)p Fi(N)57 b Fs(|)48 b(-)p Fi(N)11
|
||||
b Fs(])46 b([-clpv])630 4841 y Ft(Displa)m(y)35 b(the)f(list)g(of)g
|
||||
Ft(shell)150 4212 y(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 4411 y Fj(6.8.1)63
|
||||
b(Directory)40 b(Stac)m(k)g(Builtins)150 4583 y Fs(dirs)870
|
||||
4717 y(dirs)47 b([+)p Fi(N)57 b Fs(|)48 b(-)p Fi(N)11
|
||||
b Fs(])46 b([-clpv])630 4852 y Ft(Displa)m(y)35 b(the)f(list)g(of)g
|
||||
(curren)m(tly)g(remem)m(b)s(ered)f(directories.)51 b(Directories)36
|
||||
b(are)e(added)f(to)630 4951 y(the)28 b(list)h(with)f(the)g
|
||||
b(are)e(added)f(to)630 4962 y(the)28 b(list)h(with)f(the)g
|
||||
Fs(pushd)f Ft(command;)i(the)f Fs(popd)f Ft(command)h(remo)m(v)m(es)h
|
||||
(directories)g(from)630 5060 y(the)i(list.)630 5230 y
|
||||
(directories)g(from)630 5071 y(the)i(list.)630 5230 y
|
||||
Fs(+)p Fi(N)384 b Ft(Displa)m(ys)23 b(the)f Fq(N)10 b
|
||||
Ft(th)21 b(directory)h(\(coun)m(ting)h(from)e(the)h(left)g(of)g(the)g
|
||||
(list)g(prin)m(ted)1110 5340 y(b)m(y)30 b Fs(dirs)f Ft(when)h(in)m(v)m
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user