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commit bash-20131025 snapshot

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This commit is contained in:
Chet Ramey
2013-11-05 11:33:42 -05:00
parent 39feef01a7
commit d76edd307c
52 changed files with 23403 additions and 6663 deletions
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doc/Makefile.in
+2
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@@ -170,6 +170,8 @@ bashref.dvi: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
bashref.info: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
$(MAKEINFO) --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
# can also use:
# $(MAKEINFO) --html --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
bashref.html: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
$(TEXI2HTML) -menu -monolithic -I $(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
doc/Makefile.in~
+314
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@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
# This Makefile is for the Bash/documentation directory -*- text -*-.
#
# Copyright (C) 2003-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
PACKAGE = @PACKAGE_NAME@
VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT = @PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@
PACKAGE_NAME = @PACKAGE_NAME@
PACKAGE_STRING = @PACKAGE_STRING@
PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
PACKAGE_TARNAME = @PACKAGE_TARNAME@
#
SHELL = @MAKE_SHELL@
RM = rm -f
topdir = @top_srcdir@
srcdir = @srcdir@
VPATH = .:@srcdir@
prefix = @prefix@
exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
datarootdir = @datarootdir@
infodir = @infodir@
docdir = @docdir@
# set this to a directory name to have the HTML files installed
htmldir = @htmldir@
# Support an alternate destination root directory for package building
DESTDIR =
mandir = @mandir@
manpfx = man
man1ext = .1
man1dir = $(mandir)/$(manpfx)1
man3ext = .3
man3dir = $(mandir)/$(manpfx)3
INSTALL = @INSTALL@
INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
BUILD_DIR = @BUILD_DIR@
SUPPORT_SRCDIR = $(topdir)/support
# bad style
RL_LIBDIR = $(topdir)/lib/readline
# unused
TEXINDEX = texindex
TEX = tex
MAKEINFO = makeinfo
TEXI2DVI = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/texi2dvi
TEXI2HTML = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/texi2html
MAN2HTML = ${BUILD_DIR}/support/man2html
HTMLPOST = ${srcdir}/htmlpost.sh
INFOPOST = ${srcdir}/infopost.sh
QUIETPS = #set this to -q to shut up dvips
PAPERSIZE = letter # change to a4 for A4-size paper
PSDPI = 600 # could be 300 if you like
DVIPS = dvips -D ${PSDPI} $(QUIETPS) -t ${PAPERSIZE} -o $@ # tricky
TEXINPUTDIR = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc
SET_TEXINPUTS = TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTDIR):$$TEXINPUTS
# These tools might not be available; they're not required
DVIPDF = dvipdfm -o $@ -p ${PAPERSIZE}
PSPDF = gs -sPAPERSIZE=${PAPERSIZE} -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sOutputFile=$@
MKDIRS = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/mkdirs
# This should be a program that converts troff to an ascii-readable format
NROFF = groff -Tascii
# This should be a program that converts troff to postscript
GROFF = groff
HSUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/hsuser.texi
RLUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/rluser.texi
BASHREF_FILES = $(srcdir)/bashref.texi $(srcdir)/fdl.texi $(srcdir)/version.texi
.SUFFIXES: .0 .1 .3 .ms .ps .txt .dvi .html .pdf
.1.ps:
$(RM) $@
-${GROFF} -man $< > $@
.1.0:
$(RM) $@
-${NROFF} -man $< > $@
.1.html:
$(RM) $@
-${MAN2HTML} $< | ${HTMLPOST} > $@
.ms.ps:
$(RM) $@
-${GROFF} -ms $< > $@
.ms.txt:
$(RM) $@
-${NROFF} -ms $< > $@
.3.ps:
$(RM) $@
-${GROFF} -man $< > $@
.3.0:
$(RM) $@
-${NROFF} -man $< > $@
.3.html:
$(RM) $@
-${MAN2HTML} $< > $@
.ps.pdf:
$(RM) $@
-${PSPDF} $<
.dvi.pdf:
$(RM) $@
-${DVIPDF} $<
.dvi.ps:
${RM} $@
-${DVIPS} $<
all: ps info dvi text html
nodvi: ps info text html
everything: all pdf
PSFILES = bash.ps bashbug.ps article.ps builtins.ps rbash.ps
DVIFILES = bashref.dvi bashref.ps
INFOFILES = bashref.info
MAN0FILES = bash.0 bashbug.0 builtins.0 rbash.0
HTMLFILES = bashref.html bash.html
PDFFILES = bash.pdf bashref.pdf article.pdf rose94.pdf
ps: ${PSFILES}
dvi: ${DVIFILES}
info: ${INFOFILES}
text: ${MAN0FILES}
html: ${HTMLFILES}
pdf: ${PDFFILES}
bashref.dvi: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
${SET_TEXINPUTS} $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi || { ${RM} $@ ; exit 1; }
bashref.info: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
$(MAKEINFO) --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
bashref.html: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
$(TEXI2HTML) -menu -monolithic -I $(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
bash.info: bashref.info
${SHELL} ${INFOPOST} < $(srcdir)/bashref.info > $@ ; \
bash.txt: bash.1
bash.ps: bash.1
bash.html: bash.1 $(MAN2HTML)
bashbug.ps: bashbug.1
builtins.ps: builtins.1 bash.1
rbash.ps: rbash.1 bash.1
bash.0: bash.1
bashbug.0: bashbug.1
builtins.0: builtins.1 bash.1
rbash.0: rbash.1 bash.1
article.ps: article.ms
bashref.ps: bashref.dvi
article.pdf: article.ps
bashref.pdf: bashref.dvi
bash.pdf: bash.ps
rose94.pdf: rose94.ps
OTHER_DOCS = $(srcdir)/FAQ $(srcdir)/INTRO
OTHER_INSTALLED_DOCS = FAQ INTRO
$(MAN2HTML): ${topdir}/support/man2html.c
-( cd ${BUILD_DIR}/support ; ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} man2html)
clean:
$(RM) *.aux *.bak *.cp *.fn *.ky *.log *.pg *.toc *.tp *.vr *.cps \
*.pgs *.bt *.bts *.rw *.rws *.fns *.kys *.tps *.vrs *.o
${RM} core *.core
mostlyclean: clean
$(RM) Makefile
distclean: clean maybe-clean
$(RM) Makefile
maintainer-clean: clean
${RM} ${PSFILES} ${DVIFILES} ${INFOFILES} ${MAN0FILES} ${HTMLFILES}
${RM} ${CREATED_FAQ}
$(RM) Makefile
maybe-clean:
-if test "X$(topdir)" != "X$(BUILD_DIR)"; then \
$(RM) ${PSFILES} ${DVIFILES} ${INFOFILES} ${MAN0FILES} ${HTMLFILES}; \
fi
installdirs:
-$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
-$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)
-$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)
-if test -n "$(htmldir)" ; then \
$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \
fi
install: info installdirs bash.info
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash${man1ext}
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bashbug.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bashbug${man1ext}
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(OTHER_DOCS) $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)
# uncomment the next lines to install the builtins man page
# sed 's:bash\.1:man1/&:' $(srcdir)/builtins.1 > $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1
# -$(INSTALL_DATA) $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash_builtins${man1ext}
# -$(RM) $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1
-if test -f bash.info; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
$(INSTALL_DATA) $$d/bash.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info
# run install-info if it is present to update the info directory
if $(SHELL) -c 'install-info --version' >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
install-info --dir-file=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/dir $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info; \
else true; fi
# if htmldir is set, install the html files into that directory
-if test -n "${htmldir}" ; then \
$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.html $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \
$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bashref.html $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \
fi
install_builtins: installdirs
sed 's:bash\.1:man1/&:' $(srcdir)/builtins.1 > $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash_builtins${man1ext}
-$(RM) $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1
install_everything: install install_builtins
uninstall:
-$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash${man1ext} $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bashbug${man1ext}
-$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash_builtins${man1ext}
$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info
-( cd $(DESTDIR)$(docdir) && $(RM) $(OTHER_INSTALLED_DOCS) )
-if test -n "$(htmldir)" ; then \
$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)/bash.html ; \
$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)/bashref.html ; \
fi
# for use by chet
CREATED_FAQ = faq.news faq.news2 faq.mail faq.version
faq: ${CREATED_FAQ}
faq.version: FAQ.version FAQ
sh mkfaqvers FAQ.version > $@
faq.headers.mail: FAQ.headers.mail FAQ
sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.mail > $@
faq.headers.news: FAQ.headers.news FAQ
sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.news > $@
faq.headers.news2: FAQ.headers.news2 FAQ
sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.news2 > $@
faq.news: FAQ faq.headers.news faq.version
$(RM) $@
cat faq.headers.news faq.version FAQ > $@
faq.news2: FAQ faq.headers.news2 faq.version
$(RM) $@
cat faq.headers.news2 faq.version FAQ > $@
faq.mail: FAQ faq.headers.mail faq.version
$(RM) $@
cat faq.headers.mail faq.version FAQ > $@
inst: bashref.texi
$(SHELL) ./mkinstall
cmp -s INSTALL ../INSTALL || mv INSTALL ../INSTALL
$(RM) INSTALL
posix: bashref.texi
$(SHELL) ./mkposix
cmp -s POSIX ../POSIX || mv POSIX ../POSIX
$(RM) POSIX
rbash: bashref.texi
$(SH) ./mkrbash
cmp -s RBASH ../RBASH || mv RBASH ../RBASH
$(RM) RBASH
xdist: pdf inst posix rbash
doc/article.ps
+194 -170
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@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.16.1
%%CreationDate: Mon Nov 19 13:06:55 2001
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
%%CreationDate: Tue Oct 22 11:07:52 2013
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Roman
%%+ font Courier
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.16 1
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2
%%Pages: 11
%%PageOrder: Ascend
%%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () ()
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
%%BeginDefaults
%%PageMedia: Default
%%EndDefaults
%%BeginProlog
%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.16 1
%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.19 2
%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-ProcSet
/setpacking where{
pop
currentpacking
@@ -79,7 +84,7 @@ LS{
/EP{
level0 restore
showpage
}bind def
}def
/DA{
newpath arcn stroke
}bind def
@@ -109,11 +114,26 @@ TM setmatrix
/ST/stroke load def
/MT/moveto load def
/CL/closepath load def
/FL{
currentgray exch setgray fill setgray
/Fr{
setrgbcolor fill
}bind def
/BL/fill load def
/setcmykcolor where{
pop
/Fk{
setcmykcolor fill
}bind def
}if
/Fg{
setgray fill
}bind def
/FL/fill load def
/LW/setlinewidth load def
/Cr/setrgbcolor load def
/setcmykcolor where{
pop
/Ck/setcmykcolor load def
}if
/Cg/setgray load def
/RE{
findfont
dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin
@@ -155,9 +175,9 @@ newpath
/CNT countdictstack def
userdict begin
/showpage{}def
/setpagedevice{}def
}bind def
/PEND{
clear
countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat
level1 restore
}bind def
@@ -167,13 +187,18 @@ pop
setpacking
}if
%%EndResource
%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
%%BeginFeature: *PageSize Default
<< /PageSize [ 612 792 ] /ImagingBBox null >> setpagedevice
%%EndFeature
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman
%%IncludeResource: font Courier
grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72
def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron
/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent
@@ -201,256 +226,254 @@ def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron
/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def
/Courier@0 ENC0/Courier RE/Times-Roman@0 ENC0/Times-Roman RE
/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE/Times-Bold@0 ENC0/Times-Bold RE
%%EndProlog
%%EndSetup
%%Page: 1 1
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash \255 The GNU shell*)227.904 123 Q/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Chet Rame)263.85 147 Q(y)-.3 E(Case W)221.72 159 Q
(estern Reserve Univer)-.92 E(sity)-.1 E -.15(ch)250.425 171 S
(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(1. Intr)72 207 R
(oduction)-.18 E(Bash)97 222.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .904
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Chet Rame)263.85 159 Q(y)-.3 E(Case W)221.72 171 Q
(estern Reserve Univer)-.92 E(sity)-.1 E -.15(ch)250.425 183 S
(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(1. Intr)72 219 R
(oduction)-.18 E(Bash)97 234.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .904
(is the shell, or command language interpreter)3.404 F 3.404(,t)-.4 G
.904(hat will appear in the GNU operating system.)-3.404 F 1.075
(The name is an acron)72 234.6 R 1.075(ym for the \231Bourne-Ag)-.15 F
(The name is an acron)72 246.6 R 1.075(ym for the \231Bourne-Ag)-.15 F
1.075(ain SHell\232, a pun on Ste)-.05 F 1.375 -.15(ve B)-.25 H 1.075
(ourne, the author of the direct).15 F .206(ancestor of the current)72
246.6 R/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.706 E F3 2.706<ae73>C(hell)-2.706 E
258.6 R/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.706 E F3 2.706<ae73>C(hell)-2.706 E
F1(/bin/sh)2.706 E F3 2.706(,w)C .205(hich appeared in the Se)-2.706 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .205(nth Edition Bell Labs Research v).15 F(er)-.15 E(-)
-.2 E(sion of)72 258.6 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.5 E F3(.)A .387
(Bash is an)97 274.2 R F2(sh)2.887 E F3 .387
-.2 E(sion of)72 270.6 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.5 E F3(.)A .387
(Bash is an)97 286.2 R F2(sh)2.887 E F3 .387
(\255compatible shell that incorporates useful features from the K)B
.388(orn shell \()-.35 F F2(ksh)A F3 2.888(\)a)C .388(nd the C)-2.888 F
.023(shell \()72 286.2 R F2(csh)A F3 .023
.023(shell \()72 298.2 R F2(csh)A F3 .023
(\), described later in this article.)B .022
(It is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementation of the)
5.022 F 3.568(IEEE POSIX Shell and Utilities speci\214cation \(IEEE W)72
298.2 R 3.568(orking Group 1003.2\).)-.8 F 3.569(It of)8.569 F 3.569
(fers functional)-.25 F(impro)72 310.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(ments o).15 E
310.2 R 3.568(orking Group 1003.2\).)-.8 F 3.569(It of)8.569 F 3.569
(fers functional)-.25 F(impro)72 322.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(ments o).15 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rs).15 G 2.5(hf)-2.5 G(or both interacti)-2.5 E .3
-.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd programming use.).15 E .697
(While the GNU operating system will most lik)97 325.8 R .697
(While the GNU operating system will most lik)97 337.8 R .697
(ely include a v)-.1 F .697(ersion of the Berk)-.15 F(ele)-.1 E 3.197
(ys)-.15 G .696(hell csh, Bash)-3.197 F .015(will be the def)72 337.8 R
(ys)-.15 G .696(hell csh, Bash)-3.197 F .015(will be the def)72 349.8 R
.015(ault shell.)-.1 F(Lik)5.015 E 2.515(eo)-.1 G .015(ther GNU softw)
-2.515 F .016(are, Bash is quite portable.)-.1 F .016
(It currently runs on nearly e)5.016 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E -.15(ve)
72 349.8 S .523(rsion of).15 F F4(UNIX)3.023 E F3 .523(and a fe)3.023 F
72 361.8 S .523(rsion of).15 F F4(UNIX)3.023 E F3 .523(and a fe)3.023 F
3.023(wo)-.25 G .523
(ther operating systems \255 an independently-supported port e)-3.023 F
.523(xists for OS/2, and)-.15 F .706
(there are rumors of ports to DOS and W)72 361.8 R(indo)-.4 E .706
(there are rumors of ports to DOS and W)72 373.8 R(indo)-.4 E .706
(ws NT)-.25 F 5.706(.P)-.74 G .706(orts to)-5.706 F F5(UNIX)3.206 E F3
(-lik)A 3.206(es)-.1 G .706(ystems such as QNX and Minix)-3.206 F
(are part of the distrib)72 373.8 Q(ution.)-.2 E .405
(The original author of Bash w)97 389.4 R .405(as Brian F)-.1 F .405
(are part of the distrib)72 385.8 Q(ution.)-.2 E .405
(The original author of Bash w)97 401.4 R .405(as Brian F)-.1 F .405
(ox, an emplo)-.15 F .405(yee of the Free Softw)-.1 F .405(are F)-.1 F
2.905(oundation. The)-.15 F(cur)2.905 E(-)-.2 E(rent de)72 401.4 Q -.15
2.905(oundation. The)-.15 F(cur)2.905 E(-)-.2 E(rent de)72 413.4 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(loper and maintainer is Chet Rame).15 E 1.3 -.65(y, a v)-.15
H(olunteer who w).45 E(orks at Case W)-.1 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)
-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(.)-.65 E F2 2.5(2. What')72
425.4 R 2.5(sP)-.37 G(OSIX, anyway?)-2.5 E F1(POSIX)97 441 Q F3 .343
437.4 R 2.5(sP)-.37 G(OSIX, anyway?)-2.5 E F1(POSIX)97 453 Q F3 .343
(is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman for a f)2.843 F .343
(amily of open system standards based)-.1 F(on)72 453 Q F5(UNIX)3.24 E
(amily of open system standards based)-.1 F(on)72 465 Q F5(UNIX)3.24 E
F3 5.74(.T)C .74(here are a number of aspects of)-5.74 F F5(UNIX)3.24 E
F3 .74(under consideration for standardization, from the basic)3.24 F
.192(system services at the system call and C library le)72 465 R -.15
.192(system services at the system call and C library le)72 477 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.692(lt).15 G 2.692(oa)-2.692 G .192
(pplications and tools to system administration and)-2.692 F 2.5
(management. Each)72 477 R(area of standardization is assigned to a w)
(management. Each)72 489 R(area of standardization is assigned to a w)
2.5 E(orking group in the 1003 series.)-.1 E 2.814
(The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard has been de)97 492.6 R -.15(ve)
(The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard has been de)97 504.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.814(loped by IEEE W).15 F 2.813(orking Group 1003.2)-.8 F .254
(\(POSIX.2\).\210 It concentrates on the command interpreter interf)72
504.6 R .253(ace and utility programs commonly e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted).15 E 1.112(from the command line or by other programs.)72 516.6
516.6 R .253(ace and utility programs commonly e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted).15 E 1.112(from the command line or by other programs.)72 528.6
R 1.112(An initial v)6.112 F 1.113
(ersion of the standard has been appro)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.613(da)
.15 G(nd)-3.613 E .365(published by the IEEE, and w)72 528.6 R .365
.15 G(nd)-3.613 E .365(published by the IEEE, and w)72 540.6 R .365
(ork is currently underw)-.1 F .365(ay to update it.)-.1 F .365
(There are four primary areas of w)5.365 F(ork)-.1 E
(in the 1003.2 standard:)72 540.6 Q 21.5<8341>72 556.2 S .835
(in the 1003.2 standard:)72 552.6 Q 21.5<8341>72 568.2 S .835
(spects of the shell')-21.5 F 3.335(ss)-.55 G .835
(yntax and command language.)-3.335 F 3.335(An)5.835 G .835
(umber of special b)-3.335 F .835(uiltins such as)-.2 F F2(cd)3.335 E F3
(and)3.335 E F2(exec)97 568.2 Q F3 .545(are being speci\214ed as part o\
(and)3.335 E F2(exec)97 580.2 Q F3 .545(are being speci\214ed as part o\
f the shell, since their functionality usually cannot be implemented)
3.046 F(by a separate e)97 580.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable;).15 E 21.5
<8341>72 595.8 S .926
3.046 F(by a separate e)97 592.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable;).15 E 21.5
<8341>72 607.8 S .926
(set of utilities to be called by shell scripts and applications.)
-18.074 F .927(Examples are programs lik)5.927 F(e)-.1 E F1 .927
(sed, tr)3.427 F(,)-1.11 E F3(and)97 607.8 Q F1(awk.)2.797 E F3 .297
(sed, tr)3.427 F(,)-1.11 E F3(and)97 619.8 Q F1(awk.)2.797 E F3 .297
(Utilities commonly implemented as shell b)5.297 F .296
(uiltins are described in this section, such as)-.2 F F2(test)2.796 E F3
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(xpansion of this section')-3.572 F 3.423(ss)-.55 G .923
(cope, termed the User Portability Extension, or UPE, has)-3.423 F
(standardized interacti)97 631.8 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H(rograms such as)
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(standardized interacti)97 643.8 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H(rograms such as)
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.288(group of functional interf)-18.712 F .287(aces to services pro)-.1
F .287(vided by the shell, such as the traditional)-.15 F/F6 10
/Courier@0 SF(system\(\))2.787 E F3 3.289(Cl)97 659.4 S .789
/Courier@0 SF(system\(\))2.787 E F3 3.289(Cl)97 671.4 S .789
(ibrary function.)-3.289 F .789(There are functions to perform shell w)
5.789 F .789(ord e)-.1 F .79(xpansions, perform \214lename e)-.15 F
(xpan-)-.15 E .324(sion \()97 671.4 R F1(globbing)A F3 .324
(\), obtain v)B .323(alues of POSIX.2 system con\214guration v)-.25 F
.323(ariables, retrie)-.25 F .623 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .323(alues of en)-.1
F(viron-)-.4 E(ment v)97 683.4 Q(ariables \()-.25 E F6(getenv\(\))A F3
(\), and other services;).833 E .32 LW 144 691.4 72 691.4 DL F4
(*An earlier v)72 703.2 Q
(xpan-)-.15 E 3.624(sion \()97 683.4 R F1(globbing)A F3 3.624
(\), obtain v)B 3.624(alues of POSIX.2 system con\214guration v)-.25 F
3.623(ariables, retrie)-.25 F 3.923 -.15(ve v)-.25 H 3.623(alues of)-.1
F .32 LW 144 691.4 72 691.4 DL F4(*An earlier v)72 703.2 Q
(ersion of this article appeared in The Linux Journal.)-.12 E(\210IEEE,)
72 715 Q/F7 8/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.231(IEEE Standar)3.231 F 3.231(df)
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(gy -- P)-.08 F 1.231(ortable Oper)-.64 F 1.232
(ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.12 F 1.232(art 2:)-.64 F
(Shell and Utilities)72 725 Q F4 2(,1)C(992.)-2 E EP
(Shell and Utilities)72 725 Q F4 2(,1)C(992.)-2 E 0 Cg EP
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(suite of \231de)-19 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(lopment\232 utilities such as).15
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(Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell')97 99.6 R 2.983(sb)
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(ariables \()-.25 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(getenv\(\))A F0
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F2(cc)2.5 E F0(\), and)A F2(yacc.)2.5 E F0 .483
(Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell')97 115.2 R 2.983(sb)
-.55 G(eha)-2.983 E .484(vior de\214ned by POSIX.2.)-.2 F .484
(The shell command)5.484 F 1.439
(language has of course been standardized, including the basic \215o)72
111.6 R 3.938(wc)-.25 G 1.438(ontrol and program e)-3.938 F -.15(xe)-.15
127.2 R 3.938(wc)-.25 G 1.438(ontrol and program e)-3.938 F -.15(xe)-.15
G 1.438(cution con-).15 F 1.284
(structs, I/O redirection and pipelining, ar)72 123.6 R 1.284
(structs, I/O redirection and pipelining, ar)72 139.2 R 1.284
(gument handling, v)-.18 F 1.284(ariable e)-.25 F 1.284
(xpansion, and quoting.)-.15 F(The)6.285 E F1(special)3.785 E F0 -.2(bu)
72 135.6 S .676
(xpansion, and quoting.)-.15 F(The)6.285 E F2(special)3.785 E F0 -.2(bu)
72 151.2 S .676
(iltins, which must be implemented as part of the shell to pro).2 F .676
(vide the desired functionality)-.15 F 3.176(,a)-.65 G .676
(re speci\214ed)-3.176 F .7(as being part of the shell; e)72 147.6 R .7
(xamples of these are)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.3 -.15(ev a)3.201
H(l).15 E F0(and)3.201 E F2(export)3.201 E F0 5.701(.O)C .701
(re speci\214ed)-3.176 F .7(as being part of the shell; e)72 163.2 R .7
(xamples of these are)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.3 -.15(ev a)3.201
H(l).15 E F0(and)3.201 E F3(export)3.201 E F0 5.701(.O)C .701
(ther utilities appear in the sections of)-5.701 F .256(POSIX.2 not de)
72 159.6 R -.2(vo)-.25 G .256(ted to the shell which are commonly \(and\
72 175.2 R -.2(vo)-.25 G .256(ted to the shell which are commonly \(and\
in some cases must be\) implemented as b).2 F(uiltin)-.2 E .213
(commands, such as)72 171.6 R F2 -.18(re)2.713 G(ad).18 E F0(and)2.713 E
F2(test)2.713 E F0 5.213(.P)C .213
(commands, such as)72 187.2 R F3 -.18(re)2.713 G(ad).18 E F0(and)2.713 E
F3(test)2.713 E F0 5.213(.P)C .213
(OSIX.2 also speci\214es aspects of the shell')-5.213 F 2.713(si)-.55 G
(nteracti)-2.713 E .513 -.15(ve b)-.25 H(eha).15 E .214(vior as part)-.2
F .598(of the UPE, including job control and command line editing.)72
183.6 R .598(Interestingly enough, only)5.598 F F1(vi)3.098 E F0 .598
(-style line edit-)B(ing commands ha)72 195.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
(een standardized;).15 E F1(emacs)2.5 E F0
199.2 R .598(Interestingly enough, only)5.598 F F2(vi)3.098 E F0 .598
(-style line edit-)B(ing commands ha)72 211.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
(een standardized;).15 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0
(editing commands were left out due to objections.)2.5 E 1.128
(While POSIX.2 includes much of what the shell has traditionally pro)97
211.2 R 1.129(vided, some important things)-.15 F(ha)72 223.2 Q .344
226.8 R 1.129(vided, some important things)-.15 F(ha)72 238.8 Q .344
-.15(ve b)-.2 H .044(een omitted as being \231be).15 F .044
(yond its scope.)-.15 F 5.043<9a54>-.7 G .043
(here is, for instance, no mention of a dif)-5.043 F .043
(ference between a)-.25 F F1(lo)72 235.2 Q(gin)-.1 E F0 1.445
(ference between a)-.25 F F2(lo)72 250.8 Q(gin)-.1 E F0 1.445
(shell and an)3.945 F 3.945(yo)-.15 G 1.445(ther interacti)-3.945 F
1.745 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.446
(hell \(since POSIX.2 does not specify a login program\).).15 F 1.446
(No \214x)6.446 F(ed)-.15 E(startup \214les are de\214ned, either \255 \
the standard does not mention)72 247.2 Q F1(.pr)2.5 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0
(.)A F2 2.5(3. Basic)72 271.2 R(Bash featur)2.5 E(es)-.18 E F0 1.448
(Since the Bourne shell pro)97 286.8 R 1.448
the standard does not mention)72 262.8 Q F2(.pr)2.5 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0
(.)A F3 2.5(3. Basic)72 286.8 R(Bash featur)2.5 E(es)-.18 E F0 1.448
(Since the Bourne shell pro)97 302.4 R 1.448
(vides Bash with most of its philosophical underpinnings, Bash inherits)
-.15 F .64(most of its features and functionality from sh.)72 298.8 R
-.15 F .64(most of its features and functionality from sh.)72 314.4 R
.641(Bash implements all of the traditional sh \215o)5.641 F 3.141(wc)
-.25 G .641(ontrol con-)-3.141 F .8(structs \()72 310.8 R F1(for)A F0(,)
A F1(if)3.3 E F0(,)A F1(while)3.3 E F0 3.3(,e)C 3.3(tc.\). All)-3.3 F
-.25 G .641(ontrol con-)-3.141 F .8(structs \()72 326.4 R F2(for)A F0(,)
A F2(if)3.3 E F0(,)A F2(while)3.3 E F0 3.3(,e)C 3.3(tc.\). All)-3.3 F
.799(of the Bourne shell b)3.3 F .799
(uiltins, including those not speci\214ed in the POSIX.2)-.2 F .536
(standard, appear in Bash.)72 322.8 R(Shell)5.536 E F1(functions)3.036 E
(standard, appear in Bash.)72 338.4 R(Shell)5.536 E F2(functions)3.036 E
F0 3.036(,i)C .536(ntroduced in the SVR2 v)-3.036 F .537
(ersion of the Bourne shell, are similar)-.15 F .779
(to shell scripts, b)72 334.8 R .779
(to shell scripts, b)72 350.4 R .779
(ut are de\214ned using a special syntax and are e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.779(cuted in the same process as the calling).15 F 2.841(shell. Bash)72
346.8 R .341(has shell functions which beha)2.841 F .641 -.15(ve i)-.2 H
362.4 R .341(has shell functions which beha)2.841 F .641 -.15(ve i)-.2 H
2.841(naf).15 G .341(ashion upw)-2.941 F .342
(ard-compatible with sh functions.)-.1 F .342(There are)5.342 F 1.447
(certain shell v)72 358.8 R 1.446
(certain shell v)72 374.4 R 1.446
(ariables that Bash interprets in the same w)-.25 F 1.446
(ay as sh, such as)-.1 F F2(PS1)3.946 E F0(,)A F2(IFS)3.946 E F0 3.946
(,a)C(nd)-3.946 E F2 -.74(PA)3.946 G(TH)-.21 E F0 6.446(.B)C(ash)-6.446
E 1.423(implements essentially the same grammar)72 370.8 R 3.924(,p)-.4
(ay as sh, such as)-.1 F F3(PS1)3.946 E F0(,)A F3(IFS)3.946 E F0 3.946
(,a)C(nd)-3.946 E F3 -.74(PA)3.946 G(TH)-.21 E F0 6.446(.B)C(ash)-6.446
E 1.423(implements essentially the same grammar)72 386.4 R 3.924(,p)-.4
G 1.424(arameter and v)-3.924 F 1.424(ariable e)-.25 F 1.424
(xpansion semantics, redirection, and)-.15 F 1.06
(quoting as the Bourne shell.)72 382.8 R 1.06(Where dif)6.06 F 1.06
(quoting as the Bourne shell.)72 398.4 R 1.06(Where dif)6.06 F 1.06
(ferences appear between the POSIX.2 standard and traditional sh)-.25 F
(beha)72 394.8 Q(vior)-.2 E 2.5(,B)-.4 G(ash follo)-2.5 E(ws POSIX.)-.25
E 1.608(The K)97 410.4 R 1.608(orn Shell \()-.35 F F2(ksh)A F0 4.108
(\)i)C 4.108(sad)-4.108 G 1.608
(escendent of the Bourne shell written at A)-4.108 F 1.609
(T&T Bell Laboratories by)-1.11 F(Da)72 422.4 Q 1.059(vid K)-.2 F 3.559
(orn\207. It)-.35 F(pro)3.559 E 1.059
(beha)72 410.4 Q(vior)-.2 E 2.5(,B)-.4 G(ash follo)-2.5 E(ws POSIX.)-.25
E 1.608(The K)97 426 R 1.608(orn Shell \()-.35 F F3(ksh)A F0 4.108(\)i)C
4.108(sad)-4.108 G 1.608(escendant of the Bourne shell written at A)
-4.108 F 1.609(T&T Bell Laboratories by)-1.11 F(Da)72 438 Q 1.059(vid K)
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(vides a number of useful features that POSIX and Bash ha)-.15 F 1.359
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G(he)-3.558 E(interacti)72 434.4 Q 1.312 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.012
G(he)-3.558 E(interacti)72 450 Q 1.312 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.012
(acilities in POSIX.2 ha).05 F 1.312 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.012
(heir roots in the ksh: for e).15 F 1.013
(xample, the POSIX and ksh job control)-.15 F -.1(fa)72 446.4 S .513
(xample, the POSIX and ksh job control)-.15 F -.1(fa)72 462 S .513
(cilities are nearly identical. Bash includes features from the K).1 F
.513(orn Shell for both interacti)-.35 F .813 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .513
(se and shell).15 F 3.905(programming. F)72 458.4 R 1.405
(se and shell).15 F 3.905(programming. F)72 474 R 1.405
(or programming, Bash pro)-.15 F 1.405(vides v)-.15 F 1.405
(ariables such as)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)3.905 E F0(and)3.905 E F2(REPL)3.905
E(Y)-.92 E F0 3.905(,t)C(he)-3.905 E F2(typeset)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)72
470.4 S .398(iltin, the ability to remo).2 F .698 -.15(ve s)-.15 H .398
(ariables such as)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)3.905 E F0(and)3.905 E F3(REPL)3.905
E(Y)-.92 E F0 3.905(,t)C(he)-3.905 E F3(typeset)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)72 486
S .398(iltin, the ability to remo).2 F .698 -.15(ve s)-.15 H .398
(ubstrings from v).15 F .398
(ariables based on patterns, and shell arithmetic.)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)
5.397 E F0 -.15(ex)72 482.4 S .489
(ariables based on patterns, and shell arithmetic.)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)
5.397 E F0 -.15(ex)72 498 S .489
(pands to a random number each time it is referenced; assigning a v).15
F .49(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.99 E F0 .49(seeds the random)2.99 F
.055(number generator)72 494.4 R(.)-.55 E F2(REPL)5.055 E(Y)-.92 E F0
.054(is the def)2.554 F .054(ault v)-.1 F .054(ariable used by the)-.25
F F2 -.18(re)2.554 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.554 G .054(iltin when no v).2
F .054(ariable names are sup-)-.25 F .742(plied as ar)72 506.4 R 3.243
(guments. The)-.18 F F2(typeset)3.243 E F0 -.2(bu)3.243 G .743
F .49(alue to)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)2.99 E F0 .49(seeds the random)2.99 F
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(iltin is used to de\214ne v).2 F .743(ariables and gi)-.25 F 1.043 -.15
(ve t)-.25 H .743(hem attrib).15 F .743(utes such as)-.2 F F2 -.18(re)
3.243 G(ad-).18 E(only)72 518.4 Q F0 5.512(.B)C .512
(ash arithmetic allo)-5.512 F .512(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .511
(luation of an e).25 F .511
(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F .511(Shell v)5.511
F(ari-)-.25 E .222
(ables may be used as operands, and the result of an e)72 530.4 R .222
(ve t)-.25 H .743(hem attrib).15 F .743(utes such as)-.2 F F3 -.18(re)
3.243 G(ad-).18 E(only)72 534 Q F0 5.512(.B)C .512(ash arithmetic allo)
-5.512 F .512(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .511(luation of an e).25 F
.511(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F .511(Shell v)
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(ables may be used as operands, and the result of an e)72 546 R .222
(xpression may be assigned to a v)-.15 F 2.722(ariable. Nearly)-.25 F
.222(all of)2.722 F(the operators from the C language are a)72 542.4 Q
-.25(va)-.2 G(ilable, with the same precedence rules:).25 E/F3 10
/Courier@0 SF 6($e)97 560.4 S(cho $\(\(3 + 5 * 32\)\))-6 E(163)97 572.4
Q F0 -.15(Fo)72 594 S 3.24(ri).15 G(nteracti)-3.24 E 1.04 -.15(ve u)-.25
H .74(se, Bash implements ksh-style aliases and b).15 F .74
(uiltins such as)-.2 F F2(fc)3.24 E F0 .74(\(discussed belo)3.24 F .74
(w\) and)-.25 F F2(jobs)3.24 E F0(.)A .291(Bash aliases allo)72 606 R
2.791(was)-.25 G .291(tring to be substituted for a command name.)-2.791
F(The)5.291 E 2.791(yc)-.15 G .291(an be used to create a mnemonic)
-2.791 F .568(for a)72 618 R/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.068 E F0 .568
(command name \()3.068 F F3 .568(alias del=rm)B F0 .568(\), to e)B .567
.222(all of)2.722 F(the operators from the C language are a)72 558 Q
-.25(va)-.2 G(ilable, with the same precedence rules:).25 E F1 6($e)97
576 S(cho $\(\(3 + 5 * 32\)\))-6 E(163)97 588 Q F0 -.15(Fo)72 609.6 S
3.24(ri).15 G(nteracti)-3.24 E 1.04 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .74
(se, Bash implements ksh-style aliases and b).15 F .74(uiltins such as)
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(jobs)3.24 E F0(.)A .291(Bash aliases allo)72 621.6 R 2.791(was)-.25 G
.291(tring to be substituted for a command name.)-2.791 F(The)5.291 E
2.791(yc)-.15 G .291(an be used to create a mnemonic)-2.791 F .568
(for a)72 633.6 R/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.068 E F0 .568
(command name \()3.068 F F1 .568(alias del=rm)B F0 .568(\), to e)B .567
(xpand a single w)-.15 F .567(ord to a comple)-.1 F 3.067(xc)-.15 G .567
(ommand \()-3.067 F F3(alias)A .255
(news='xterm -g 80x45 -title trn -e trn -e -S1 -N &')72 630 R F0 .255
(\), or to ensure that a command)B(is in)72 642 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2
G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith a basic set of options \()-2.5 E F3
(alias ls="/bin/ls -F")A F0(\).)A .293(The C shell \()97 657.6 R F2(csh)
(ommand \()-3.067 F F1(alias)A .255
(news='xterm -g 80x45 -title trn -e trn -e -S1 -N &')72 645.6 R F0 .255
(\), or to ensure that a command)B(is in)72 657.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke)
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(alias ls="/bin/ls -F")A F0(\).)A .293(The C shell \()97 673.2 R F3(csh)
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(pushd)2.518 E F0(,)A F2(popd)2.518 E F0 2.518(,a)C(nd)-2.518 E F2(dirs)
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R .018(xpansion, access to a stack of directories via the)-.15 F F3
(pushd)2.518 E F0(,)A F3(popd)2.518 E F0 2.518(,a)C(nd)-2.518 E F3(dirs)
2.518 E F0 -.2(bu)2.518 G .018(iltins, and tilde e).2 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
1.293(to generate users' home directories.)72 693.6 R -.35(Ti)6.294 G
1.293(to generate users' home directories.)72 709.2 R -.35(Ti)6.294 G
1.294(lde e).35 F 1.294(xpansion has also been adopted by both the K)
-.15 F 1.294(orn Shell and)-.35 F .32 LW 144 708.2 72 708.2 DL/F5 8
/Times-Roman@0 SF(\207Morris Bolsk)72 720 Q 2(ya)-.12 G(nd Da)-2 E
-.15 F 1.294(orn Shell and)-.35 F .32 LW 144 717.2 72 717.2 DL/F5 8
/Times-Roman@0 SF(\207Morris Bolsk)72 727.2 Q 2(ya)-.12 G(nd Da)-2 E
(vid K)-.16 E(orn,)-.28 E/F6 8/Times-Italic@0 SF(The K)2 E
(ornShell Command and Pr)-.32 E -.08(og)-.36 G -.12(ra).08 G
(mming Langua).12 E -.08(ge)-.08 G F5 2(,P).08 G(rentice Hall, 1989.)-2
E EP
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@@ -520,10 +543,10 @@ tput of the command contained within the parentheses, with)-.15 F .664
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(ariables in shell functions, the ability to enable and disable indi-)
-.25 F .547(vidual b)72 410.4 R .547
(uiltins or write a function to replace a b)-.2 F .547
(uiltin, or a means to e)-.2 F .547
(xport a shell function to a child pro-)-.15 F(cess.)72 422.4 Q .32
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(uiltins or write a function to replace a b)-.2 F 1.533
(uiltin, or a means to e)-.2 F 1.533(xport a shell function to a child)
-.15 F(process.)72 422.4 Q .32
(Bash has closed a long-standing shell security hole by not using the)97
438 R F1($IFS)2.82 E F0 -.25(va)2.82 G .32(riable to split each w).25 F
(ord)-.1 E 1.254(read by the shell, b)72 450 R 1.254
@@ -580,11 +603,11 @@ E F1($ENV)2.842 E F0 2.841(,i)C 2.841(fs)-2.841 G .341
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2.659 E .32 LW 144 705.2 72 705.2 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .559
(\207Bill Jo)72 717 R 1.599 -.52(y, A)-.08 H 2.559(nI).52 G .559
(\207Bill Jo)72 715.2 R 1.599 -.52(y, A)-.08 H 2.559(nI).52 G .559
(ntroduction to the C Shell,)-2.559 F/F5 8/Times-Italic@0 SF .558
(UNIX User')2.558 F 2.558(sS)-.32 G .558(upplementary Documents)-2.558 F
F4 2.558(,U)C(ni)-2.558 E -.12(ve)-.2 G .558(rsity of California at).12
F(Berk)72 727 Q(ele)-.08 E 1.04 -.52(y, 1)-.12 H(986.).52 E EP
F(Berk)72 725.2 Q(ele)-.08 E 1.04 -.52(y, 1)-.12 H(986.).52 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 4 4
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
@@ -696,7 +719,7 @@ R -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.196(map to which subsequent k).15 F 1.496 -.15(ey b)
-3.031 G -.15(ve)-3.281 G 3.031(nw).15 G .531
(hat happens when readline w)-3.031 F .531(ants to ring the terminal')
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(ariables)-.25 E EP
(ariables)-.25 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 5 5
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
@@ -724,9 +747,9 @@ S(repare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double)-6 E 6
249.6 Q($endif)97 261.6 Q F0 .322(There is a readline command to re-rea\
d the \214le, so users can edit the \214le, change some bindings, and b\
e)72 283.2 R(gin)-.15 E(to use them almost immediately)72 295.2 Q(.)-.65
E .851(Bash implements the)97 310.8 R F1(bind)3.351 E F0 -.2(bu)3.351 G
.851(iltin for more dyamic control of readline than the startup \214le \
permits.).2 F F1(Bind)72 322.8 Q F0 .25(is used in se)2.75 F -.15(ve)
E .518(Bash implements the)97 310.8 R F1(bind)3.018 E F0 -.2(bu)3.018 G
.518(iltin for more dynamic control of readline than the startup \214le\
permits.).2 F F1(Bind)72 322.8 Q F0 .25(is used in se)2.75 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .25(ral w).15 F 2.75(ays. In)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list)
2.75 E F0 .25(mode, it can display the current k)2.75 F .55 -.15(ey b)
-.1 H .25(indings, list all the readline edit-).15 F .149(ing directi)72
@@ -781,11 +804,11 @@ lly quite good at determining what type of completion to attempt.)72
(and the readline library)72 570 R 5.077(.B)-.65 G .077(ash pro)-5.077 F
.077(vides v)-.15 F .077(ariables \()-.25 F F1($HISTFILE)A F0(,)A F1
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2.89 E F1(fc)2.89 E F0 -.2(bu)2.89 G .39
(iltins to manipulate the history list.).2 F .391(The v)5.391 F .391
(alue of)-.25 F F1($HISTFILE)2.891 E F0 .391(specifes the \214le where)
2.891 F .49(Bash writes the command history on e)72 594 R .489
-.3 E F0 2.577(\)a)C(nd)-2.577 E(the)72 582 Q F1(history)2.759 E F0(and)
2.759 E F1(fc)2.759 E F0 -.2(bu)2.759 G .259
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(alue of)-.25 F F1($HISTFILE)2.76 E F0 .26(speci\214es the \214le where)
2.76 F .49(Bash writes the command history on e)72 594 R .489
(xit and reads it on startup.)-.15 F F1($HISTSIZE)5.489 E F0 .489
(is used to limit the number)2.989 F .642(of commands sa)72 606 R -.15
(ve)-.2 G 3.142(di).15 G 3.142(nt)-3.142 G .642(he history)-3.142 F(.)
@@ -820,7 +843,7 @@ or a string typed by the user)72 690 R(.)-.55 E(Finally)72 702 Q 2.535
-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.022(cution of pre).15 F 1.022(vious commands v)-.25 F
1.022(ery similar to csh \(\231bang history\232, so)-.15 F
(called because the e)72 726 Q
(xclamation point introduces a history substitution\):)-.15 E EP
(xclamation point introduces a history substitution\):)-.15 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 6 6
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
@@ -903,7 +926,7 @@ e)-.15 F .104(when opened.)72 648 R .103
(xpansion. Process)-.15 F .103(substitution can be used to com-)2.603 F
(pare the outputs of tw)72 660 Q 2.5(od)-.1 G(if)-2.5 E(ferent v)-.25 E
(ersions of an application as part of a re)-.15 E(gression test:)-.15 E
F1 6($c)97 678 S(mp <\(old_prog\) <\(new_prog\))-6 E EP
F1 6($c)97 678 S(mp <\(old_prog\) <\(new_prog\))-6 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 7 7
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
@@ -998,7 +1021,7 @@ G .367
E(/usr/local/bin)97 624 Q 6($/)97 636 S(bin/pwd)-6 E
(/net/share/sun4/local/bin)97 648 Q 6($c)97 660 S 6(d.)-6 G(.)-6 E 6($p)
97 672 S(wd)-6 E(/usr/local)97 684 Q 6($/)97 696 S(bin/pwd)-6 E
(/net/share/sun4/local)97 708 Q 6($c)97 720 S 6(d.)-6 G(.)-6 E EP
(/net/share/sun4/local)97 708 Q 6($c)97 720 S 6(d.)-6 G(.)-6 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 8 8
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
@@ -1097,7 +1120,7 @@ such)-2.931 F .136
(nting the use of these sequences in earlier v).15 F .559(ersions, b)
-.15 F .559(ut the readline redisplay algorithm assumed)-.2 F
(each character occupied ph)72 720 Q(ysical screen space and w)-.05 E
(ould wrap lines prematurely)-.1 E(.)-.65 E EP
(ould wrap lines prematurely)-.1 E(.)-.65 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 9 9
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
@@ -1244,7 +1267,7 @@ F F1(HISTIGNORE)4.286 E F0 4.285(,w)C 1.785(hich w)-4.285 F 1.785
(mentation to be printed by the)72 697.2 R F1(help)3.851 E F0 1.351
(command \(possibly present in the shared object as well\).)3.851 F
1.351(It w)6.351 F(ould)-.1 E(manage the details of e)72 709.2 Q
(xtending the internal table of b)-.15 E(uiltins.)-.2 E EP
(xtending the internal table of b)-.15 E(uiltins.)-.2 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 10 10
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
@@ -1256,14 +1279,14 @@ BP
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(alues of system con\214guration v)-.25 F 1.411
(ariables de\214ned by POSIX.2, and a)-.25 F F1(diso)3.911 E(wn)-.1 E F0
-.2(bu)3.911 G 1.411(iltin, which causes a).2 F 1.347
(shell running with job control acti)72 108 R 1.647 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
3.847<6f99>.15 G(for)-3.847 E 1.347
(get about\232 one or more background jobs in its internal jobs)-.18 F
3.465(table. Using)72 120 R F1(getconf)3.465 E F0 3.465(,f)C .965(or e)
-3.465 F .965(xample, a user could retrie)-.15 F 1.264 -.15(ve a v)-.25
H .964(alue for)-.1 F F1($P)3.464 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .964
(guaranteed to \214nd all of the)3.464 F .884
-.2(bu)3.911 G 1.411(iltin, which causes a).2 F .547
(shell running with job control acti)72 108 R .847 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
3.047<6f99>.15 G(for)-3.047 E .547
(get about\232 one or more background jobs in its internal jobs ta-)-.18
F 3.866(ble. Using)72 120 R F1(getconf)3.866 E F0 3.866(,f)C 1.366(or e)
-3.866 F 1.366(xample, a user could retrie)-.15 F 1.666 -.15(ve a v)-.25
H 1.365(alue for)-.1 F F1($P)3.865 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.365
(guaranteed to \214nd all of the)3.865 F .884
(POSIX standard utilities, or \214nd out ho)72 132 R 3.385(wl)-.25 G
.885
(ong \214lenames may be in the \214le system containing a speci\214ed)
@@ -1368,7 +1391,7 @@ E F0(for more information.)2.5 E .694(Bash is also distrib)97 656.4 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .948(ral Linux distrib).15 F .948
(utions \(more about the dif)-.2 F .948
(ference in a moment\), and as contrib)-.25 F(uted)-.2 E .32 LW 144
676.4 72 676.4 DL/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .781
678.2 72 678.2 DL/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .781
(\207S. R. Bourne, \231UNIX T)72 688.2 R .781(ime-Sharing System:)-.28 F
.781(The UNIX Shell\232,)4.781 F/F6 8/Times-Italic@0 SF .78
(Bell System T)2.78 F(ec)-.736 E .78(hnical J)-.12 F(ournal)-.2 E F5
@@ -1377,7 +1400,8 @@ E F0(for more information.)2.5 E .694(Bash is also distrib)97 656.4 R
(f, \231Rc \255 A Shell for Plan 9 and)-.2 F/F7 7/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)
2.432 E F5(systems\232,)2.432 E F6(Pr)2.432 E .432
(oc. of the Summer 1990 EUUG Confer)-.36 F(ence)-.296 E F5 2.432(,L)C
(on-)-2.432 E(don, July)72 720 Q 2(,1)-.52 G(990, pp. 21-33.)-2 E EP
(on-)-2.432 E(don, July)72 720 Q 2(,1)-.52 G(990, pp. 21-33.)-2 E 0 Cg
EP
%%Page: 11 11
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
@@ -1410,9 +1434,9 @@ F .8(It is suf)5.8 F .8(\214ciently portable to run on nearly e)-.25 F
(ral thousand re).15 F 1.515(gular users, and their feedback has)-.15 F
(helped to mak)72 235.2 Q 2.5(ei)-.1 G 2.5(ta)-2.5 G 2.5(sg)-2.5 G
(ood as it is today \255 a testament to the bene\214ts of free softw)
-2.5 E(are.)-.1 E .32 LW 144 708.2 72 708.2 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF
-2.5 E(are.)-.1 E .32 LW 144 710 72 710 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF
(*BSD/386 is a trademark of Berk)72 720 Q(ele)-.08 E 2(yS)-.12 G(oftw)-2
E(are Design, Inc.)-.08 E EP
E(are Design, Inc.)-.08 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
doc/bash.0
+1886 -1881
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doc/bash.1
+1 -1
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@@ -2373,7 +2373,7 @@ The value of \fIp\fP determines whether or not the fraction is
included.
.IP
If this variable is not set, \fBbash\fP acts as if it had the
value \fB$\(aq\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\ett%3lS\(aq\fP.
value \fB$\(aq\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\et%3lS\(aq\fP.
If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.
A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
.PD 0
doc/bash.1~
+2 -2
View File
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
.\" Last Change: Mon Oct 14 11:51:13 EDT 2013
.\" Last Change: Sun Oct 20 22:13:29 EDT 2013
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
.TH BASH 1 "2013 October 14" "GNU Bash 4.3"
.TH BASH 1 "2013 October 20" "GNU Bash 4.3"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
doc/bash.html
+15 -9
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@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2013 September 2<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2013 October 20<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
@@ -3307,15 +3307,19 @@ and
<P>
The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
parameter, variable and arithmetic expansion and
command substitution
(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname
expansion.
The order of expansions is:
brace expansion;
tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
and command substitution (done in a left-to-right fashion);
word splitting;
and pathname expansion.
<P>
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion
available: <I>process substitution</I>.
This is performed at the
same time as tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
command substitution.
<P>
Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion
@@ -9010,7 +9014,7 @@ current frame is frame 0.
The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
call or <I>expr</I> does not correspond to a valid position in the
call stack.
<DT><B>cd</B> [<B>-L</B>|[<B>-P</B> [<B>-e</B>]]] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
<DT><B>cd</B> [<B>-L</B>|[<B>-P</B> [<B>-e</B>]] [-@]] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
Change the current directory to <I>dir</I>.
if <I>dir</I> is not supplied, the value of the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOME</B>
@@ -9074,6 +9078,8 @@ option is supplied with
and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
after a successful directory change, <B>cd</B> will return an unsuccessful
status.
On systems that support it, the <B>-@</B> option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
An argument of
<B>-</B>
@@ -13141,7 +13147,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.3<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2013 September 2<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.3<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2013 October 20<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
@@ -13247,6 +13253,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
Time: 11 September 2013 09:17:53 EDT
Time: 22 October 2013 11:07:59 EDT
</BODY>
</HTML>
doc/bash.ps
+1732 -1725
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doc/bashref.aux
+3 -3
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@@ -155,11 +155,11 @@
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 4.3}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-title}{The Set Builtin}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.1}
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{58}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{58}
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{59}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{59}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-title}{The Shopt Builtin}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.2}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{62}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{63}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-title}{Special Builtins}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.4}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{68}
doc/bashref.bt
+8 -8
View File
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
\entry{test}{45}{\code {test}}
\entry{[}{45}{\code {[}}
\entry{times}{46}{\code {times}}
\entry{trap}{46}{\code {trap}}
\entry{trap}{47}{\code {trap}}
\entry{umask}{47}{\code {umask}}
\entry{unset}{48}{\code {unset}}
\entry{alias}{48}{\code {alias}}
\entry{bind}{48}{\code {bind}}
\entry{builtin}{49}{\code {builtin}}
\entry{caller}{49}{\code {caller}}
\entry{caller}{50}{\code {caller}}
\entry{command}{50}{\code {command}}
\entry{declare}{50}{\code {declare}}
\entry{echo}{52}{\code {echo}}
@@ -30,18 +30,18 @@
\entry{help}{53}{\code {help}}
\entry{let}{53}{\code {let}}
\entry{local}{53}{\code {local}}
\entry{logout}{53}{\code {logout}}
\entry{mapfile}{53}{\code {mapfile}}
\entry{logout}{54}{\code {logout}}
\entry{mapfile}{54}{\code {mapfile}}
\entry{printf}{54}{\code {printf}}
\entry{read}{55}{\code {read}}
\entry{readarray}{56}{\code {readarray}}
\entry{source}{56}{\code {source}}
\entry{type}{56}{\code {type}}
\entry{source}{57}{\code {source}}
\entry{type}{57}{\code {type}}
\entry{typeset}{57}{\code {typeset}}
\entry{ulimit}{57}{\code {ulimit}}
\entry{unalias}{58}{\code {unalias}}
\entry{set}{58}{\code {set}}
\entry{shopt}{62}{\code {shopt}}
\entry{set}{59}{\code {set}}
\entry{shopt}{63}{\code {shopt}}
\entry{dirs}{91}{\code {dirs}}
\entry{popd}{91}{\code {popd}}
\entry{pushd}{92}{\code {pushd}}
doc/bashref.bts
+8 -8
View File
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
\entry {\code {break}}{41}
\entry {\code {builtin}}{49}
\initial {C}
\entry {\code {caller}}{49}
\entry {\code {caller}}{50}
\entry {\code {cd}}{42}
\entry {\code {command}}{50}
\entry {\code {compgen}}{127}
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@
\initial {L}
\entry {\code {let}}{53}
\entry {\code {local}}{53}
\entry {\code {logout}}{53}
\entry {\code {logout}}{54}
\initial {M}
\entry {\code {mapfile}}{53}
\entry {\code {mapfile}}{54}
\initial {P}
\entry {\code {popd}}{91}
\entry {\code {printf}}{54}
@@ -60,16 +60,16 @@
\entry {\code {readonly}}{44}
\entry {\code {return}}{45}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {set}}{58}
\entry {\code {set}}{59}
\entry {\code {shift}}{45}
\entry {\code {shopt}}{62}
\entry {\code {source}}{56}
\entry {\code {shopt}}{63}
\entry {\code {source}}{57}
\entry {\code {suspend}}{100}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {test}}{45}
\entry {\code {times}}{46}
\entry {\code {trap}}{46}
\entry {\code {type}}{56}
\entry {\code {trap}}{47}
\entry {\code {type}}{57}
\entry {\code {typeset}}{57}
\initial {U}
\entry {\code {ulimit}}{57}
doc/bashref.dvi
BIN
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doc/bashref.html
+22 -14
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<!-- Created on September, 11 2013 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!-- Created on October, 22 2013 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 4.3, 2 September 2013).
the Bash shell (version 4.3, 20 October 2013).
The Bash home page is <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</A>.
</P><P>
This is Edition 4.3, last updated 2 September 2013,
This is Edition 4.3, last updated 20 October 2013,
of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.3.
</P><P>
@@ -2183,16 +2183,18 @@ Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
command substitution
(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and filename
expansion.
The order of expansions is:
brace expansion;
tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
and command substitution (done in a left-to-right fashion);
word splitting;
and filename expansion.
</P><P>
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion
available: <VAR>process substitution</VAR>. This is performed at the
same time as parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
available: <VAR>process substitution</VAR>.
This is performed at the
same time as tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
command substitution.
</P><P>
@@ -4297,7 +4299,7 @@ The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is not greater than or equal to 1.
<DT><CODE>cd</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX71"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [<VAR>directory</VAR>]
<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@] [<VAR>directory</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Change the current working directory to <VAR>directory</VAR>.
@@ -4331,6 +4333,12 @@ If the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option is supplied with <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP>
and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
after a successful directory change, <CODE>cd</CODE> will return an unsuccessful
status.
</P><P>
On systems that support it, the <SAMP>`-@'</SAMP> option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
</P><P>
If <VAR>directory</VAR> is <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, it is converted to <CODE>$OLDPWD</CODE>
before the directory change is attempted.
</P><P>
@@ -11067,7 +11075,7 @@ binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
# You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r.
# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
#
# First, include any systemwide bindings and variable
# First, include any system-wide bindings and variable
# assignments from /etc/Inputrc
$include /etc/Inputrc
@@ -17263,7 +17271,7 @@ to permit their use in free software.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>September, 11 2013</I>
This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 22 2013</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
@@ -17425,7 +17433,7 @@ the following structure:
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>September, 11 2013</I>
by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 22 2013</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
doc/bashref.info
+164 -159
View File
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 4.3, 2 September 2013).
the Bash shell (version 4.3, 20 October 2013).
This is Edition 4.3, last updated 2 September 2013, of `The GNU Bash
This is Edition 4.3, last updated 20 October 2013, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.3.
Copyright (C) 1988-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ Bash Features
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 4.3, 2 September 2013). The Bash home page is
the Bash shell (version 4.3, 20 October 2013). The Bash home page is
`http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/'.
This is Edition 4.3, last updated 2 September 2013, of `The GNU Bash
This is Edition 4.3, last updated 20 October 2013, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.3.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -1447,14 +1447,15 @@ Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
* Quote Removal:: How and when quote characters are removed from
words.
The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command substitution
(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and filename
expansion.
The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion,
parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command
substitution (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and
filename expansion.
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion
available: PROCESS SUBSTITUTION. This is performed at the same time as
parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command substitution.
tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command
substitution.
Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion can
change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
@@ -2796,7 +2797,7 @@ standard.
greater than or equal to 1.
`cd'
cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [DIRECTORY]
cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@] [DIRECTORY]
Change the current working directory to DIRECTORY. If DIRECTORY
is not supplied, the value of the `HOME' shell variable is used.
@@ -2820,8 +2821,12 @@ standard.
If the `-e' option is supplied with `-P' and the current working
directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful
directory change, `cd' will return an unsuccessful status. If
DIRECTORY is `-', it is converted to `$OLDPWD' before the
directory change, `cd' will return an unsuccessful status.
On systems that support it, the `-@' option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
If DIRECTORY is `-', it is converted to `$OLDPWD' before the
directory change is attempted.
If a non-empty directory name from `CDPATH' is used, or if `-' is
@@ -7555,7 +7560,7 @@ variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
# You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r.
# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
#
# First, include any systemwide bindings and variable
# First, include any system-wide bindings and variable
# assignments from /etc/Inputrc
$include /etc/Inputrc
@@ -10533,7 +10538,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
* :: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 11)
* [: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 254)
(line 258)
* alias: Bash Builtins. (line 11)
* bg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 7)
@@ -10552,7 +10557,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 228)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 76)
(line 80)
* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 149)
* dirs: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 7)
@@ -10561,21 +10566,21 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 241)
* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 303)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 85)
(line 89)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 93)
(line 97)
* exit: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 110)
(line 114)
* export: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 117)
(line 121)
* fc: Bash History Builtins.
(line 10)
* fg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 17)
* getopts: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 133)
(line 137)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 176)
(line 180)
* help: Bash Builtins. (line 332)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 40)
@@ -10593,34 +10598,34 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 61)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 196)
(line 200)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 473)
* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 560)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 206)
(line 210)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 225)
(line 229)
* set: The Set Builtin. (line 11)
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 241)
(line 245)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 569)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 101)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 254)
(line 258)
* times: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 330)
(line 334)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 336)
(line 340)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 574)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 606)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 612)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 385)
(line 389)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 703)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 403)
(line 407)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 76)
@@ -11133,134 +11138,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index

Tag Table:
Node: Top932
Node: Introduction2852
Node: What is Bash?3080
Node: What is a shell?4193
Node: Definitions6732
Node: Basic Shell Features9650
Node: Shell Syntax10869
Node: Shell Operation11899
Node: Quoting13193
Node: Escape Character14496
Node: Single Quotes14981
Node: Double Quotes15329
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16454
Node: Locale Translation17698
Node: Comments18594
Node: Shell Commands19212
Node: Simple Commands20084
Node: Pipelines20715
Node: Lists23453
Node: Compound Commands25182
Node: Looping Constructs26188
Node: Conditional Constructs28651
Node: Command Grouping39581
Node: Coprocesses41060
Node: GNU Parallel42893
Node: Shell Functions46879
Node: Shell Parameters51963
Node: Positional Parameters56092
Node: Special Parameters56992
Node: Shell Expansions60051
Node: Brace Expansion61977
Node: Tilde Expansion64758
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67107
Node: Command Substitution79401
Node: Arithmetic Expansion80734
Node: Process Substitution81666
Node: Word Splitting82716
Node: Filename Expansion84364
Node: Pattern Matching86529
Node: Quote Removal90229
Node: Redirections90524
Node: Executing Commands99688
Node: Simple Command Expansion100358
Node: Command Search and Execution102288
Node: Command Execution Environment104625
Node: Environment107611
Node: Exit Status109270
Node: Signals110892
Node: Shell Scripts112860
Node: Shell Builtin Commands115378
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins117406
Node: Bash Builtins137182
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior164635
Node: The Set Builtin164980
Node: The Shopt Builtin175306
Node: Special Builtins189727
Node: Shell Variables190706
Node: Bourne Shell Variables191146
Node: Bash Variables193177
Node: Bash Features220052
Node: Invoking Bash220951
Node: Bash Startup Files226729
Node: Interactive Shells231758
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?232168
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?232817
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior233632
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions236920
Node: Shell Arithmetic240922
Node: Aliases243698
Node: Arrays246254
Node: The Directory Stack251235
Node: Directory Stack Builtins251954
Node: Controlling the Prompt254910
Node: The Restricted Shell257682
Node: Bash POSIX Mode259519
Node: Job Control268906
Node: Job Control Basics269366
Node: Job Control Builtins274085
Node: Job Control Variables278556
Node: Command Line Editing279714
Node: Introduction and Notation281386
Node: Readline Interaction283008
Node: Readline Bare Essentials284199
Node: Readline Movement Commands285988
Node: Readline Killing Commands286953
Node: Readline Arguments288873
Node: Searching289917
Node: Readline Init File292103
Node: Readline Init File Syntax293250
Node: Conditional Init Constructs310087
Node: Sample Init File312620
Node: Bindable Readline Commands315737
Node: Commands For Moving316944
Node: Commands For History318088
Node: Commands For Text322273
Node: Commands For Killing324946
Node: Numeric Arguments327403
Node: Commands For Completion328542
Node: Keyboard Macros332734
Node: Miscellaneous Commands333422
Node: Readline vi Mode339228
Node: Programmable Completion340135
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins347411
Node: A Programmable Completion Example357157
Node: Using History Interactively362407
Node: Bash History Facilities363091
Node: Bash History Builtins366090
Node: History Interaction370018
Node: Event Designators372723
Node: Word Designators373945
Node: Modifiers375584
Node: Installing Bash376988
Node: Basic Installation378125
Node: Compilers and Options380817
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures381558
Node: Installation Names383222
Node: Specifying the System Type384040
Node: Sharing Defaults384756
Node: Operation Controls385429
Node: Optional Features386387
Node: Reporting Bugs396451
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell397649
Node: GNU Free Documentation License414508
Node: Indexes439704
Node: Builtin Index440158
Node: Reserved Word Index446985
Node: Variable Index449433
Node: Function Index462956
Node: Concept Index470184
Node: Top930
Node: Introduction2848
Node: What is Bash?3076
Node: What is a shell?4189
Node: Definitions6728
Node: Basic Shell Features9646
Node: Shell Syntax10865
Node: Shell Operation11895
Node: Quoting13189
Node: Escape Character14492
Node: Single Quotes14977
Node: Double Quotes15325
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16450
Node: Locale Translation17694
Node: Comments18590
Node: Shell Commands19208
Node: Simple Commands20080
Node: Pipelines20711
Node: Lists23449
Node: Compound Commands25178
Node: Looping Constructs26184
Node: Conditional Constructs28647
Node: Command Grouping39577
Node: Coprocesses41056
Node: GNU Parallel42889
Node: Shell Functions46875
Node: Shell Parameters51959
Node: Positional Parameters56088
Node: Special Parameters56988
Node: Shell Expansions60047
Node: Brace Expansion61990
Node: Tilde Expansion64771
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67120
Node: Command Substitution79414
Node: Arithmetic Expansion80747
Node: Process Substitution81679
Node: Word Splitting82729
Node: Filename Expansion84377
Node: Pattern Matching86542
Node: Quote Removal90242
Node: Redirections90537
Node: Executing Commands99701
Node: Simple Command Expansion100371
Node: Command Search and Execution102301
Node: Command Execution Environment104638
Node: Environment107624
Node: Exit Status109283
Node: Signals110905
Node: Shell Scripts112873
Node: Shell Builtin Commands115391
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins117419
Node: Bash Builtins137326
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior164779
Node: The Set Builtin165124
Node: The Shopt Builtin175450
Node: Special Builtins189871
Node: Shell Variables190850
Node: Bourne Shell Variables191290
Node: Bash Variables193321
Node: Bash Features220196
Node: Invoking Bash221095
Node: Bash Startup Files226873
Node: Interactive Shells231902
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?232312
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?232961
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior233776
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions237064
Node: Shell Arithmetic241066
Node: Aliases243842
Node: Arrays246398
Node: The Directory Stack251379
Node: Directory Stack Builtins252098
Node: Controlling the Prompt255054
Node: The Restricted Shell257826
Node: Bash POSIX Mode259663
Node: Job Control269050
Node: Job Control Basics269510
Node: Job Control Builtins274229
Node: Job Control Variables278700
Node: Command Line Editing279858
Node: Introduction and Notation281530
Node: Readline Interaction283152
Node: Readline Bare Essentials284343
Node: Readline Movement Commands286132
Node: Readline Killing Commands287097
Node: Readline Arguments289017
Node: Searching290061
Node: Readline Init File292247
Node: Readline Init File Syntax293394
Node: Conditional Init Constructs310231
Node: Sample Init File312764
Node: Bindable Readline Commands315882
Node: Commands For Moving317089
Node: Commands For History318233
Node: Commands For Text322418
Node: Commands For Killing325091
Node: Numeric Arguments327548
Node: Commands For Completion328687
Node: Keyboard Macros332879
Node: Miscellaneous Commands333567
Node: Readline vi Mode339373
Node: Programmable Completion340280
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins347556
Node: A Programmable Completion Example357302
Node: Using History Interactively362552
Node: Bash History Facilities363236
Node: Bash History Builtins366235
Node: History Interaction370163
Node: Event Designators372868
Node: Word Designators374090
Node: Modifiers375729
Node: Installing Bash377133
Node: Basic Installation378270
Node: Compilers and Options380962
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures381703
Node: Installation Names383367
Node: Specifying the System Type384185
Node: Sharing Defaults384901
Node: Operation Controls385574
Node: Optional Features386532
Node: Reporting Bugs396596
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell397794
Node: GNU Free Documentation License414653
Node: Indexes439849
Node: Builtin Index440303
Node: Reserved Word Index447130
Node: Variable Index449578
Node: Function Index463101
Node: Concept Index470329

End Tag Table
doc/bashref.log
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
This is TeX, Version 3.1415926 (TeX Live 2011/Fink) (format=tex 2012.4.18) 11 SEP 2013 09:17
This is TeX, Version 3.1415926 (TeX Live 2011/Fink) (format=tex 2012.4.18) 22 OCT 2013 11:07
**/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi
(/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex
Loading texinfo [version 2009-01-18.17]:
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ arallel -k traceroute[]
[16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30]
[31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] Chapter 4 [39] [40] [41] [42] [43]
[44] [45] [46] [47]
Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3764--3777
Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3770--3783
@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
[48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62]
[63] [64] [65] [66] [67] Chapter 5 [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75]
[76] [77] [78] Chapter 6 [79]
Overfull \hbox (51.96864pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5981--5981
Overfull \hbox (51.96864pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5987--5987
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5982--5982
Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5988--5988
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt
] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar
-
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5982--5982
.etc.
Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5983--5983
Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5989--5989
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text
tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
[80] [81]
Underfull \hbox (badness 2245) in paragraph at lines 6155--6157
Underfull \hbox (badness 2245) in paragraph at lines 6161--6163
[]@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from
the file
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ the file
.etc.
[82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] [95] [96]
Underfull \hbox (badness 2521) in paragraph at lines 7373--7376
Underfull \hbox (badness 2521) in paragraph at lines 7379--7382
@textrm `@texttt --enable-strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[] to @texttt configur
e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ athname[]
[132]) (/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
[133] [134] [135] [136] [137]) Chapter 10 [138] [139] [140] [141]
Underfull \hbox (badness 2772) in paragraph at lines 7981--7985
Underfull \hbox (badness 2772) in paragraph at lines 7987--7991
[]@textrm Enable sup-port for large files (@texttt http://www.sas.com/standard
s/large_
@@ -400,10 +400,10 @@ Appendix D [160] (./bashref.bts) [161] (./bashref.rws) (./bashref.vrs [162]
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
2085 strings out of 497974
28645 string characters out of 3220833
66407 words of memory out of 3000000
66405 words of memory out of 3000000
2901 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+200000
32127 words of font info for 112 fonts, out of 3000000 for 9000
51 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
16i,6n,14p,319b,705s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,50000s
Output written on bashref.dvi (173 pages, 719680 bytes).
Output written on bashref.dvi (173 pages, 719856 bytes).
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@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@
@numchapentry{Shell Builtin Commands}{4}{Shell Builtin Commands}{41}
@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Builtins}{4.1}{Bourne Shell Builtins}{41}
@numsecentry{Bash Builtin Commands}{4.2}{Bash Builtins}{48}
@numsecentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4.3}{Modifying Shell Behavior}{58}
@numsubsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4.3.1}{The Set Builtin}{58}
@numsubsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4.3.2}{The Shopt Builtin}{62}
@numsecentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4.3}{Modifying Shell Behavior}{59}
@numsubsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4.3.1}{The Set Builtin}{59}
@numsubsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4.3.2}{The Shopt Builtin}{63}
@numsecentry{Special Builtins}{4.4}{Special Builtins}{68}
@numchapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{Shell Variables}{69}
@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5.1}{Bourne Shell Variables}{69}
doc/builtins.0
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@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]]] [_d_i_r]
ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]] [-@]] [_d_i_r]
Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied,
the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi-
tional arguments following _d_i_r are ignored. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH
@@ -162,13 +162,15 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied
with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success-
fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will
return an unsuccessful status. An argument of -- is converted to
$$OOLLDDPPWWDD before the directory change is attempted. If a non-
empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first
argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute
pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard
output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
fully changed; false otherwise.
return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the
--@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a
file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD
before the directory change is attempted. If a non-empty direc-
tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument,
and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of
the new working directory is written to the standard output.
The return value is true if the directory was successfully
changed; false otherwise.
ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...]
Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function
doc/builtins.ps
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
%%CreationDate: Wed Sep 11 09:17:46 2013
%%CreationDate: Tue Oct 22 11:07:52 2013
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
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