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Chet Ramey
2011-12-07 09:05:53 -05:00
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doc/FAQ
+65 -28
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.33, for Bash version 3.1.
This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.35, for Bash version 3.2.
This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Another good source of basic information about shells is the collection
of FAQ articles periodically posted to comp.unix.shell.
Questions and comments concerning this document should be sent to
chet@po.cwru.edu.
chet.ramey@case.edu.
This document is available for anonymous FTP with the URL
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
Section B: The latest version
B1) What's new in version 3.1?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.1 and
B1) What's new in version 3.2?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
bash-2.05b?
Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'?
E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
notice the change?
E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect?
E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
@@ -140,26 +141,26 @@ of Case Western Reserve University.
A2) What's the latest version?
The latest version is 3.1, first made available on 09 December, 2005.
The latest version is 3.2, first made available on 12 October, 2006.
A3) Where can I get it?
Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the
master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The
latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu.
The following URLs tell how to get version 3.1:
The following URLs tell how to get version 3.2:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.1.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.1.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.1.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.1.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
Any patches for the current version are available with the URL:
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.1-patches/
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2-patches/
A4) On what machines will bash run?
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ http://www.cygwin.com/.
Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their
early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done
ports of bash-2.05b and bash-3.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
are available as part of their current release. Bash-3.1 is currently
are available as part of their current release. Bash-3.2 is currently
being tested and should be available soon.
Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status.
Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services
for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems
with building bash-3.1.
with building bash-3.1 or bash-3.2.
A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
@@ -385,12 +386,22 @@ They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual
Section B: The latest version
B1) What's new in version 3.1?
B1) What's new in version 3.2?
Bash-3.1 is the first maintenance release of the third major release of
Bash-3.2 is the second maintenance release of the third major release of
bash. It contains the following significant new features (see the manual
page for complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the
bash-3.1 distribution).
bash-3.2 distribution).
o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
characters when deciding whether or not a script is a binary file.
o Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ (regexp) operator now
forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
Bash-3.1 contained the following new features:
o Bash-3.1 may now be configured and built in a mode that enforces strict
POSIX compliance.
@@ -401,8 +412,6 @@ o The `+=' assignment operator, which appends to the value of a string or
o It is now possible to ignore case when matching in contexts other than
filename generation using the new `nocasematch' shell option.
A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
Bash-3.0 contained the following new features:
o Features to support the bash debugger have been implemented, and there
@@ -640,10 +649,10 @@ grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone)
lots of code now smaller and faster
test suite greatly expanded
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.1 and
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
bash-2.05b?
There are a few incompatibilities between version 2.05b and version 3.1.
There are a few incompatibilities between version 2.05b and version 3.2.
They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution. That file
is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to bash-maintainers@gnu.org
if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
@@ -837,7 +846,7 @@ Implementation differences:
C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.0:
New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.2:
associative arrays
floating point arithmetic and variables
math library functions
@@ -863,7 +872,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.0:
lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.0:
New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.2:
[n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command
?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators
@@ -899,7 +908,9 @@ D1) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than
On many systems, `which' is actually a csh script that assumes
you're running csh. In tcsh, `which' and its cousin `where'
are builtins. On other Unix systems, `which' is a perl script
that uses the PATH environment variable.
that uses the PATH environment variable. Many Linux distributions
use GNU `which', which is a C program that can understand shell
aliases.
The csh script version reads the csh startup files from your
home directory and uses those to determine which `command' will
@@ -1113,7 +1124,7 @@ will try to write on a pipe without a reader. In that case, bash
will print `Broken pipe' to stderr when ps is killed by a
SIGPIPE.
As of bash-3.1, bash will not report SIGPIPE errors by default. You
As of bash-3.1, bash does not report SIGPIPE errors by default. You
can build a version of bash that will report such errors.
E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash
@@ -1390,6 +1401,32 @@ expanded value of param is unset or null, and $param otherwise.
To use negative offsets that begin with a minus sign, separate the
minus sign and the colon with a space.
E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
Filename completion (and word completion in general) may appear to behave
improperly if there is a colon in the word to be completed.
The colon is special to readline's word completion code: it is one of the
characters that breaks words for the completer. Readline uses these characters
in sort of the same way that bash uses $IFS: they break or separate the words
the completion code hands to the application-specific or default word
completion functions. The original intent was to make it easy to edit
colon-separated lists (such as $PATH in bash) in various applications using
readline for input.
This is complicated by the fact that some versions of the popular
`bash-completion' programmable completion package have problems with the
default completion behavior in the presence of colons.
The current set of completion word break characters is available in bash as
the value of the COMP_WORDBREAKS variable. Removing `:' from that value is
enough to make the colon not special to completion:
COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
You can also quote the colon with a backslash to achieve the same result
temporarily.
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
@@ -1756,8 +1793,8 @@ it in fine bookstores near you. This edition of the book has been updated
to cover bash-3.0.
The GNU Bash Reference Manual has been published as a printed book by
Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Feb 2003). It covers
bash-2.0 and is available from most online bookstores (see
Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Nov. 2006). It covers
bash-3.2 and is available from most online bookstores (see
http://www.network-theory.co.uk/bash/manual/ for details). The publisher
will donate $1 to the Free Software Foundation for each copy sold.
@@ -1795,9 +1832,9 @@ Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing
H5) When will the next release appear?
The next version will appear sometime in 2006. Never make predictions.
The next version will appear sometime in 2007. Never make predictions.
This document is Copyright 1995-2005 by Chester Ramey.
This document is Copyright 1995-2006 by Chester Ramey.
Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute
doc/Makefile.in
+4 -1
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@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ VPATH = .:@srcdir@
prefix = @prefix@
exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
datarootdir = @datarootdir@
infodir = @infodir@
# set this to a directory name to have the HTML files installed
@@ -225,7 +227,8 @@ install: info installdirs bash.info
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bashbug.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bashbug${man1ext}
# uncomment the next line to install the builtins man page
# -$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/builtins.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash_builtins${man1ext}
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info
-if test -f bash.info; then d=.; else d=$srcdir; fi; \
$(INSTALL_DATA) $$d/bash.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info
# run install-info if it is present to update the info directory
if $(SHELL) -c 'install-info --version' >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
install-info --dir-file=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/dir $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info; \
doc/Makefile.in~
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@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ VPATH = .:@srcdir@
prefix = @prefix@
exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
datarootdir = @datarootdir@
infodir = @infodir@
# set this to a directory name to have the HTML files installed
doc/bash.0
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
\"
.\"
.\" MAN PAGE COMMENTS to
.\"
.\" Chet Ramey
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
.\" Last Change: Thu Jan 26 09:04:43 EST 2006
.\" Last Change: Fri Jan 12 16:29:22 EST 2007
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
.TH BASH 1 "2006 Jan 26" "GNU Bash-3.2"
.TH BASH 1 "2007 January 12" "GNU Bash-3.2"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ bash \- GNU Bourne-Again SHell
[options]
[file]
.SH COPYRIGHT
.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2005 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2005 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2007 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2007 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Bash
is an \fBsh\fR-compatible command language interpreter that
@@ -809,10 +809,10 @@ as for pathname expansion (see
.B Pathname Expansion
below).
The \fIword\fP is expanded using tilde
expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substituion,
expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substitution,
command substitution, process substitution and quote removal.
Each \fIpattern\fP examined is expanded using tilde
expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substituion,
expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substitution,
command substitution, and process substitution.
If the shell option
.B nocasematch
@@ -1245,6 +1245,11 @@ The following variables are set by the shell:
Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of
.BR bash .
.TP
.B BASHPID
Expands to the process id of the current bash process.
This differs from \fB$$\fP under certain circumstances, such as subshells
that do not require bash to be re-initialized.
.TP
.B BASH_ARGC
An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
frame of the current bash execution call stack.
@@ -1346,6 +1351,10 @@ This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
below).
.TP
.B COMP_KEY
The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current
completion function.
.TP
.B COMP_LINE
The current command line.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
@@ -1363,6 +1372,20 @@ commands invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
below).
.TP
.B COMP_TYPE
Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted
that caused a completion function to be called:
\fITAB\fP, for normal completion,
\fI?\fP, for listing completions after successive tabs,
\fI!\fP, for listing alternatives on partial word completion,
\fI@\fP, to list completions if the word is not unmodified,
or
\fI%\fP, for menu completion.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
below).
.TP
.B COMP_WORDBREAKS
The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
separators when performing word completion.
@@ -1375,6 +1398,8 @@ subsequently reset.
.B COMP_WORDS
An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) consisting of the individual
words in the current command line.
The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
separate them.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
below).
@@ -1408,7 +1433,9 @@ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
currently in the execution call stack.
The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
shell function.
The bottom-most element is "main".
The bottom-most element is
.if t \f(CW"main"\fP.
.if n "main".
This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
Assignments to
.SM
@@ -1693,7 +1720,8 @@ command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits.
.B HISTFILESIZE
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines. The default
necessary, by removing the oldest entries,
to contain no more than that number of lines. The default
value is 500. The history file is also truncated to this size after
writing it when an interactive shell exits.
.TP
@@ -1724,6 +1752,8 @@ for \fIstrftime\fP(3) to print the time stamp associated with each history
entry displayed by the \fBhistory\fP builtin.
If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so
they may be preserved across shell sessions.
This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
other history lines.
.TP
.B HOME
The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the
@@ -2427,7 +2457,9 @@ index of the specified array.
Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least
one space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion.
Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1.
are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default.
If \fIoffset\fP is 0, and the positional parameters are used, \fB$0\fP is
prefixed to the list.
.TP
${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB*\fP}
.PD 0
@@ -2439,6 +2471,8 @@ separated by the first character of the
.SM
.B IFS
special variable.
When \fI@\fP is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
variable name expands to a separate word.
.TP
${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]}
.PD 0
@@ -2665,10 +2699,18 @@ is unset, or its
value is exactly
.BR <space><tab><newline> ,
the default, then
sequences of
.BR <space> ,
.BR <tab> ,
and
.B <newline>
at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
expansions are ignored, and
any sequence of
.SM
.B IFS
characters serves to delimit words. If
characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words.
If
.SM
.B IFS
has a value other than the default, then sequences of
@@ -4169,11 +4211,15 @@ is executed for each child that exits.
.PP
If an attempt to exit
.B bash
is made while jobs are stopped, the shell prints a warning message. The
is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the \fBcheckjobs\fP shell option has
been enabled using the \fBshopt\fP builtin, running), the shell prints a
warning message, and, if the \fBcheckjobs\fP option is enabled, lists the
jobs and their statuses.
The
.B jobs
command may then be used to inspect their status.
command may then be used to inspect their status.
If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command,
the shell does not print another warning, and the stopped
the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped
jobs are terminated.
.SH PROMPTING
When executing interactively,
@@ -5450,10 +5496,14 @@ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
specified with the \fB\-F\fP and \fB\-C\fP options is invoked.
When the command or function is invoked, the
.SM
.B COMP_LINE
.BR COMP_LINE ,
.SM
.BR COMP_POINT ,
.SM
.BR COMP_KEY ,
and
.SM
.B COMP_POINT
.B COMP_TYPE
variables are assigned values as described above under
\fBShell Variables\fP.
If a shell function is being invoked, the
@@ -5563,6 +5613,13 @@ is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than
the number of lines specified by the value of
.SM
.BR HISTFILESIZE .
When the history file is read,
lines beginning with the history comment character followed immediately
by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the preceding history line.
These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the value of the
.SM
.B HISTTIMEFORMAT
variable.
When an interactive shell exits, the last
.SM
.B $HISTSIZE
@@ -5583,7 +5640,16 @@ If
.SM
.B HISTFILE
is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is
not saved. After saving the history, the history file is truncated
not saved.
If the
.SM
.HISTTIMEFORMAT
variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked
with the history comment character, so
they may be preserved across shell sessions.
This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
other history lines.
After saving the history, the history file is truncated
to contain no more than
.SM
.B HISTFILESIZE
@@ -5717,6 +5783,9 @@ history expansion mechanism (see the description of
.B histchars
above under
.BR "Shell Variables" ).
The shell uses
the history comment character to mark history timestamps when
writing the history file.
.SS Event Designators
.PP
An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
@@ -5976,8 +6045,9 @@ no alias has been defined.
Resume each suspended job \fIjobspec\fP in the background, as if it
had been started with
.BR & .
If \fIjobspec\fP is not present, the shell's notion of the
\fIcurrent job\fP is used.
If
.I jobspec
is not present, the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used.
.B bg
.I jobspec
returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run with
@@ -6035,13 +6105,6 @@ that they can be re-read.
.B \-P
List current \fBreadline\fP function names and bindings.
.TP
.B \-v
Display \fBreadline\fP variable names and values in such a way that they
can be re-read.
.TP
.B \-V
List current \fBreadline\fP variable names and values.
.TP
.B \-s
Display \fBreadline\fP key sequences bound to macros and the strings
they output in such a way that they can be re-read.
@@ -6050,6 +6113,13 @@ they output in such a way that they can be re-read.
Display \fBreadline\fP key sequences bound to macros and the strings
they output.
.TP
.B \-v
Display \fBreadline\fP variable names and values in such a way that they
can be re-read.
.TP
.B \-V
List current \fBreadline\fP variable names and values.
.TP
.B \-f \fIfilename\fP
Read key bindings from \fIfilename\fP.
.TP
@@ -6222,9 +6292,9 @@ will be displayed.
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no
matches were generated.
.TP
\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP] [\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP]
\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP]
.br
[\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname ...\fP]
[\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP] [\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP] [\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname ...\fP]
.PD 0
.TP
\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fIname\fP ...]
@@ -6490,8 +6560,11 @@ Mark \fIname\fPs for export to subsequent commands via the environment.
.PD
.PP
Using `+' instead of `\-'
turns off the attribute instead, with the exception that \fB+a\fP
may not be used to destroy an array variable. When used in a function,
turns off the attribute instead,
with the exceptions that \fB+a\fP
may not be used to destroy an array variable and \fB+r\fB will not
remove the readonly attribute.
When used in a function,
makes each
\fIname\fP local, as with the
.B local
@@ -6512,7 +6585,7 @@ an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with \fB\-f\fP.
.RE
.TP
.B dirs [\fB\-clpv\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP]
.B dirs [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP] [\fB\-cplv\fP]
Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.
The default display is on a single line with directory names separated
by spaces.
@@ -6560,6 +6633,10 @@ of the directory stack.
Without options, each
.I jobspec
is removed from the table of active jobs.
If
.I jobspec
is not present, and neither \fB\-a\fB nor \fB\-r\fP is supplied,
the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used.
If the \fB\-h\fP option is given, each
.I jobspec
is not removed from the table, but is marked so that
@@ -6641,17 +6718,13 @@ backslash
the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
(zero to three octal digits)
.TP
.B \e\fInnn\fP
the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
(one to three octal digits)
.TP
.B \ex\fIHH\fP
the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value \fIHH\fP
(one or two hex digits)
.PD
.RE
.TP
\fBenable\fP [\fB\-adnps\fP] [\fB\-f\fP \fIfilename\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
\fBenable\fP [\fB\-a\fP] [\fB\-dnps\fP] [\fB\-f\fP \fIfilename\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
@@ -6712,7 +6785,7 @@ become the arguments to \fIcommand\fP.
If the
.B \-l
option is supplied,
the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth arg passed to
the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth argument passed to
.IR command .
This is what
.IR login (1)
@@ -6783,7 +6856,7 @@ is supplied with a
.I name
that is not a function.
.TP
\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e\fP \fIename\fP] [\fB\-nlr\fP] [\fIfirst\fP] [\fIlast\fP]
\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e\fP \fIename\fP] [\fB\-lnr\fP] [\fIfirst\fP] [\fIlast\fP]
.PD 0
.TP
\fBfc\fP \fB\-s\fP [\fIpat\fP=\fIrep\fP] [\fIcmd\fP]
@@ -7117,7 +7190,11 @@ are added.
.PD
.PP
If the \fBHISTTIMEFORMAT\fP is set, the time stamp information
associated with each history entry is written to the history file.
associated with each history entry is written to the history file,
marked with the history comment character.
When the history file is read, lines beginning with the history
comment character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted
as timestamps for the previous history line.
The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an
error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an invalid
\fIoffset\fP is supplied as an argument to \fB\-d\fP, or the
@@ -7269,6 +7346,10 @@ Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
.RS
.PD 0
.TP
.B \-n
Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
.TP
\fB+\fP\fIn\fP
Removes the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by
@@ -7292,10 +7373,6 @@ removes the last directory,
.if n ``popd -1''
.if t \f(CWpopd -1\fP
the next to last.
.TP
.B \-n
Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
.PD
.PP
If the
@@ -7334,10 +7411,10 @@ extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success,
non-zero on failure.
.TP
\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [\fIdir\fP]
\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP]
.PD 0
.TP
\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP]
\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [\fIdir\fP]
.PD
Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
@@ -7347,6 +7424,10 @@ Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
.RS
.PD 0
.TP
.B \-n
Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories
to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
.TP
\fB+\fP\fIn\fP
Rotates the stack so that the \fIn\fPth directory
(counting from the left of the list shown by
@@ -7360,10 +7441,6 @@ Rotates the stack so that the \fIn\fPth directory
.BR dirs ,
starting with zero) is at the top.
.TP
.B \-n
Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories
to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
.TP
.I dir
Adds
.I dir
@@ -7404,7 +7481,7 @@ The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while
reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
.TP
\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
\fIfd\fP supplied as an argument to the \fB\-u\fP option, and the first word
is assigned to the first
@@ -7540,7 +7617,11 @@ the return status is false.
Any command associated with the \fBRETURN\fP trap is executed
before execution resumes after the function or script.
.TP
\fBset\fP [\fB\-\-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]
\fBset\fP [\fB\-\-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]
.PD 0
.TP
\fBset\fP [\fB+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]
.PD
Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed
in a format that can be reused as input
for setting or resetting the currently-set variables.
@@ -7579,12 +7660,14 @@ or
.B until
keyword,
part of the test in an
.I if
.B if
statement, part of a
.B &&
or
.B \(bv\(bv
list, or if the command's return value is
list,
any command in a pipeline but the last,
or if the command's return value is
being inverted via
.BR ! .
A trap on \fBERR\fP, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
@@ -7940,6 +8023,11 @@ The list of \fBshopt\fP options is:
.if n .sp 1v
.PD 0
.TP 8
.B autocd
If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if
it were the argument to the \fBcd\fP command.
This option is only used by interactive shells.
.TP 8
.B cdable_vars
If set, an argument to the
.B cd
@@ -7962,6 +8050,13 @@ If set, \fBbash\fP checks that a command found in the hash
table exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no
longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
.TP 8
.B checkjobs
If set, bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
intervening command (see \fBJOB CONTROL\fP above). The shell always
postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
.TP 8
.B checkwinsize
If set, \fBbash\fP checks the window size after each command
and, if necessary, updates the values of
@@ -8406,8 +8501,8 @@ the command
is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the
\fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins finishes executing.
Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child
process when it is created.
Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
values in a child process when it is created.
The return status is false if any
.I sigspec
is invalid; otherwise
@@ -8530,7 +8625,7 @@ The maximum size of a process's data segment
The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
.TP
.B \-f
The maximum size of files created by the shell
The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children
.TP
.B \-i
The maximum number of pending signals
doc/bash.html
+167 -61
View File
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2006 Jan 26<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2007 January 12<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
<H3>COPYRIGHT</H3>
Bash is Copyright &#169; 1989-2005 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Bash is Copyright &#169; 1989-2007 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
<H3>DESCRIPTION</H3>
@@ -1051,10 +1051,10 @@ as for pathname expansion (see
below).
The <I>word</I> is expanded using tilde
expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substituion,
expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substitution,
command substitution, process substitution and quote removal.
Each <I>pattern</I> examined is expanded using tilde
expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substituion,
expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substitution,
command substitution, and process substitution.
If the shell option
<B>nocasematch</B>
@@ -1625,6 +1625,12 @@ The following variables are set by the shell:
Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of
<B>bash</B>.
<DT><B>BASHPID</B>
<DD>
Expands to the process id of the current bash process.
This differs from <B>$$</B> under certain circumstances, such as subshells
that do not require bash to be re-initialized.
<DT><B>BASH_ARGC</B>
<DD>
@@ -1751,6 +1757,11 @@ cursor position.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see <B>Programmable Completion</B>
below).
<DT><B>COMP_KEY</B>
<DD>
The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current
completion function.
<DT><B>COMP_LINE</B>
<DD>
@@ -1770,6 +1781,21 @@ This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see <B>Programmable Completion</B>
below).
<DT><B>COMP_TYPE</B>
<DD>
Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted
that caused a completion function to be called:
<I>TAB</I>, for normal completion,
<I>?</I>, for listing completions after successive tabs,
<I>!</I>, for listing alternatives on partial word completion,
<I>@</I>, to list completions if the word is not unmodified,
or
<I>%</I>, for menu completion.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see <B>Programmable Completion</B>
below).
<DT><B>COMP_WORDBREAKS</B>
<DD>
@@ -1786,6 +1812,8 @@ subsequently reset.
<DD>
An array variable (see <B>Arrays</B> below) consisting of the individual
words in the current command line.
The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
separate them.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see <B>Programmable Completion</B>
below).
@@ -1827,7 +1855,9 @@ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
currently in the execution call stack.
The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
shell function.
The bottom-most element is &quot;main&quot;.
The bottom-most element is
<TT>&quot;main&quot;</TT>.
This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
Assignments to
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCNAME</B>
@@ -2192,7 +2222,8 @@ command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits.
<DD>
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines. The default
necessary, by removing the oldest entries,
to contain no more than that number of lines. The default
value is 500. The history file is also truncated to this size after
writing it when an interactive shell exits.
<DT><B>HISTIGNORE</B>
@@ -2229,6 +2260,8 @@ for <I>strftime</I>(3) to print the time stamp associated with each history
entry displayed by the <B>history</B> builtin.
If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so
they may be preserved across shell sessions.
This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
other history lines.
<DT><B>HOME</B>
<DD>
@@ -3118,7 +3151,9 @@ index of the specified array.
Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least
one space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion.
Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1.
are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default.
If <I>offset</I> is 0, and the positional parameters are used, <B>$0</B> is
prefixed to the list.
<DT>${<B>!</B><I>prefix</I><B>*</B>}<DD>
<DT>${<B>!</B><I>prefix</I><B>@</B>}<DD>
@@ -3129,6 +3164,8 @@ separated by the first character of the
</FONT>
special variable.
When <I>@</I> is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
variable name expands to a separate word.
<DT>${<B>!</B><I>name</I>[<I>@</I>]}<DD>
<DT>${<B>!</B><I>name</I>[<I>*</I>]}<DD>
@@ -3415,11 +3452,22 @@ value is exactly
<B>&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;</B>,
the default, then
sequences of
<B>&lt;space&gt;</B>,
<B>&lt;tab&gt;</B>,
and
<B>&lt;newline&gt;</B>
at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
expansions are ignored, and
any sequence of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
</FONT>
characters serves to delimit words. If
characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words.
If
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
</FONT>
@@ -5409,12 +5457,16 @@ is executed for each child that exits.
If an attempt to exit
<B>bash</B>
is made while jobs are stopped, the shell prints a warning message. The
is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the <B>checkjobs</B> shell option has
been enabled using the <B>shopt</B> builtin, running), the shell prints a
warning message, and, if the <B>checkjobs</B> option is enabled, lists the
jobs and their statuses.
The
<B>jobs</B>
command may then be used to inspect their status.
command may then be used to inspect their status.
If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command,
the shell does not print another warning, and the stopped
the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped
jobs are terminated.
<A NAME="lbCC">&nbsp;</A>
<H3>PROMPTING</H3>
@@ -7084,11 +7136,17 @@ completed, and the matching words become the possible completions.
After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
specified with the <B>-F</B> and <B>-C</B> options is invoked.
When the command or function is invoked, the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_LINE</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_LINE</B>,
</FONT>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_POINT</B>,
</FONT>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_KEY</B>,
</FONT>
and
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_POINT</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_TYPE</B>
</FONT>
variables are assigned values as described above under
@@ -7223,6 +7281,14 @@ the number of lines specified by the value of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILESIZE</B>.
</FONT>
When the history file is read,
lines beginning with the history comment character followed immediately
by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the preceding history line.
These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the value of the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B>
</FONT>
variable.
When an interactive shell exits, the last
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$HISTSIZE</B>
@@ -7249,7 +7315,16 @@ If
</FONT>
is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is
not saved. After saving the history, the history file is truncated
not saved.
If the
<FONT SIZE=-1>
</FONT>
variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked
with the history comment character, so
they may be preserved across shell sessions.
This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
other history lines.
After saving the history, the history file is truncated
to contain no more than
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILESIZE</B>
@@ -7422,6 +7497,9 @@ history expansion mechanism (see the description of
above under
<B>Shell Variables</B>).
The shell uses
the history comment character to mark history timestamps when
writing the history file.
<A NAME="lbCW">&nbsp;</A>
<H4>Event Designators</H4>
@@ -7771,8 +7849,10 @@ Resume each suspended job <I>jobspec</I> in the background, as if it
had been started with
<B>&amp;</B>.
If <I>jobspec</I> is not present, the shell's notion of the
<I>current job</I> is used.
If
<I>jobspec</I>
is not present, the shell's notion of the <I>current job</I> is used.
<B>bg</B>
<I>jobspec</I>
@@ -7837,15 +7917,6 @@ that they can be re-read.
<DD>
List current <B>readline</B> function names and bindings.
<DT><B>-v</B>
<DD>
Display <B>readline</B> variable names and values in such a way that they
can be re-read.
<DT><B>-V</B>
<DD>
List current <B>readline</B> variable names and values.
<DT><B>-s</B>
<DD>
@@ -7856,6 +7927,15 @@ they output in such a way that they can be re-read.
<DD>
Display <B>readline</B> key sequences bound to macros and the strings
they output.
<DT><B>-v</B>
<DD>
Display <B>readline</B> variable names and values in such a way that they
can be re-read.
<DT><B>-V</B>
<DD>
List current <B>readline</B> variable names and values.
<DT><B>-f </B><I>filename</I>
<DD>
@@ -8072,10 +8152,10 @@ will be displayed.
<P>
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no
matches were generated.
<DT><B>complete</B> [<B>-abcdefgjksuv</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>comp-option</I>] [<B>-A</B> <I>action</I>] [<B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I>] [<B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I>] [<B>-P</B> <I>prefix</I>] [<B>-S</B> <I>suffix</I>]<DD>
<DT><B>complete</B> [<B>-abcdefgjksuv</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>comp-option</I>] [<B>-A</B> <I>action</I>] [<B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I>] [<B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I>] [<B>-F</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>command</I>]<DD>
<BR>
[<B>-X</B> <I>filterpat</I>] [<B>-F</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>command</I>] <I>name</I> [<I>name ...</I>]
[<B>-X</B> <I>filterpat</I>] [<B>-P</B> <I>prefix</I>] [<B>-S</B> <I>suffix</I>] <I>name</I> [<I>name ...</I>]
<DT><B>complete</B> <B>-pr</B> [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
@@ -8395,10 +8475,13 @@ Mark <I>name</I>s for export to subsequent commands via the environment.
<P>
Using `+' instead of `-'
turns off the attribute instead, with the exception that <B>+a</B>
may not be used to destroy an array variable. When used in a function,
turns off the attribute instead,
with the exceptions that <B>+a</B>
may not be used to destroy an array variable and <B>+r will not
remove the readonly attribute.
When used in a function,
makes each
<I>name</I> local, as with the
</B><I>name</I> local, as with the
<B>local</B>
command.
@@ -8419,7 +8502,7 @@ an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with <B>-f</B>.
</DL>
<DT><B>dirs [-clpv</B>] [+<I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>]
<DT><B>dirs [+</B><I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>] [<B>-cplv</B>]
<DD>
Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.
@@ -8479,6 +8562,11 @@ Without options, each
<I>jobspec</I>
is removed from the table of active jobs.
If
<I>jobspec</I>
is not present, and neither <B>-a nor -r</B> is supplied,
the shell's notion of the <I>current job</I> is used.
If the <B>-h</B> option is given, each
<I>jobspec</I>
@@ -8584,11 +8672,6 @@ backslash
<DD>
the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <I>nnn</I>
(zero to three octal digits)
<DT><B>\</B><I>nnn</I>
<DD>
the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <I>nnn</I>
(one to three octal digits)
<DT><B>\x</B><I>HH</I>
<DD>
@@ -8597,7 +8680,7 @@ the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <I>HH</I>
</DL></DL>
<DT><B>enable</B> [<B>-adnps</B>] [<B>-f</B> <I>filename</I>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
<DT><B>enable</B> [<B>-a</B>] [<B>-dnps</B>] [<B>-f</B> <I>filename</I>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
@@ -8671,7 +8754,7 @@ If the
<B>-l</B>
option is supplied,
the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth arg passed to
the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth argument passed to
<I>command</I>.
This is what
@@ -8760,7 +8843,7 @@ is supplied with a
<I>name</I>
that is not a function.
<DT><B>fc</B> [<B>-e</B> <I>ename</I>] [<B>-nlr</B>] [<I>first</I>] [<I>last</I>]<DD>
<DT><B>fc</B> [<B>-e</B> <I>ename</I>] [<B>-lnr</B>] [<I>first</I>] [<I>last</I>]<DD>
<DT><B>fc</B> <B>-s</B> [<I>pat</I>=<I>rep</I>] [<I>cmd</I>]<DD>
@@ -9168,7 +9251,11 @@ are added.
<P>
If the <B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B> is set, the time stamp information
associated with each history entry is written to the history file.
associated with each history entry is written to the history file,
marked with the history comment character.
When the history file is read, lines beginning with the history
comment character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted
as timestamps for the previous history line.
The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an
error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an invalid
<I>offset</I> is supplied as an argument to <B>-d</B>, or the
@@ -9361,6 +9448,11 @@ Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><B>-n</B>
<DD>
Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
<DT><B>+</B><I>n</I><DD>
Removes the <I>n</I>th entry counting from the left of the list
shown by
@@ -9385,11 +9477,6 @@ removes the last directory,
<TT>popd -1</TT>
the next to last.
<DT><B>-n</B>
<DD>
Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
</DL>
<P>
@@ -9432,10 +9519,10 @@ If the <I>format</I> requires more <I>arguments</I> than are supplied, the
extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success,
non-zero on failure.
<DT><B>pushd</B> [<B>-n</B>] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
<DT><B>pushd</B> [<B>-n</B>] [+<I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>]<DD>
<DT><B>pushd</B> [<B>-n</B>] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
@@ -9444,6 +9531,11 @@ Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><B>-n</B>
<DD>
Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories
to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
<DT><B>+</B><I>n</I><DD>
Rotates the stack so that the <I>n</I>th directory
(counting from the left of the list shown by
@@ -9457,11 +9549,6 @@ Rotates the stack so that the <I>n</I>th directory
<B>dirs</B>,
starting with zero) is at the top.
<DT><B>-n</B>
<DD>
Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories
to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
<DT><I>dir</I>
<DD>
@@ -9515,7 +9602,7 @@ option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.
The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while
reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
<DT><B>read</B> [<B>-ers</B>] [<B>-u</B> <I>fd</I>] [<B>-t</B> <I>timeout</I>] [<B>-a</B> <I>aname</I>] [<B>-p</B> <I>prompt</I>] [<B>-n</B> <I>nchars</I>] [<B>-d</B> <I>delim</I>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
<DT><B>read</B> [<B>-ers</B>] [<B>-a</B> <I>aname</I>] [<B>-d</B> <I>delim</I>] [<B>-n</B> <I>nchars</I>] [<B>-p</B> <I>prompt</I>] [<B>-t</B> <I>timeout</I>] [<B>-u</B> <I>fd</I>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
<I>fd</I> supplied as an argument to the <B>-u</B> option, and the first word
is assigned to the first
@@ -9684,7 +9771,10 @@ function and not during execution of a script by <B>.</B>,
the return status is false.
Any command associated with the <B>RETURN</B> trap is executed
before execution resumes after the function or script.
<DT><B>set</B> [<B>--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD>
<DT><B>set</B> [<B>--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD>
<DT><B>set</B> [<B>+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT</B>] [<B>+o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD>
Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed
in a format that can be reused as input
for setting or resetting the currently-set variables.
@@ -9734,7 +9824,7 @@ or
keyword,
part of the test in an
<I>if</I>
<B>if</B>
statement, part of a
<B>&amp;&amp;</B>
@@ -9742,7 +9832,9 @@ statement, part of a
or
<B>||</B>
list, or if the command's return value is
list,
any command in a pipeline but the last,
or if the command's return value is
being inverted via
<B>!</B>.
@@ -10219,6 +10311,12 @@ The list of <B>shopt</B> options is:
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><B>autocd</B>
<DD>
If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if
it were the argument to the <B>cd</B> command.
This option is only used by interactive shells.
<DT><B>cdable_vars</B>
<DD>
@@ -10246,6 +10344,14 @@ This option is only used by interactive shells.
If set, <B>bash</B> checks that a command found in the hash
table exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no
longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
<DT><B>checkjobs</B>
<DD>
If set, bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
intervening command (see <B>JOB CONTROL</B> above). The shell always
postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
<DT><B>checkwinsize</B>
<DD>
@@ -10801,8 +10907,8 @@ the command
is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the
<B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins finishes executing.
Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child
process when it is created.
Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
values in a child process when it is created.
The return status is false if any
<I>sigspec</I>
@@ -10963,7 +11069,7 @@ The maximum scheduling priority (&quot;nice&quot;)
<DT><B>-f</B>
<DD>
The maximum size of files created by the shell
The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children
<DT><B>-i</B>
<DD>
@@ -11435,7 +11541,7 @@ Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-3.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2006 Jan 26<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-3.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2007 January 12<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
@@ -11539,6 +11645,6 @@ Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
Time: 26 January 2006 11:19:07 EST
Time: 16 January 2007 11:15:22 EST
</BODY>
</HTML>
doc/bash.pdf
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doc/bash.ps
+4969 -4883
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doc/bashref.aux
+90 -81
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@@ -98,13 +98,13 @@
@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{22}
@xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{22}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{23}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{23}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8}
@xrdef{Pattern Matching-title}{Pattern Matching}
@xrdef{Pattern Matching-pg}{23}
@xrdef{Pattern Matching-pg}{24}
@xrdef{Pattern Matching-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8.1}
@xrdef{Quote Removal-title}{Quote Removal}
@xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{25}
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{29}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.2}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-title}{Command Execution Environment}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{29}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{30}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.3}
@xrdef{Environment-title}{Environment}
@xrdef{Environment-pg}{30}
@xrdef{Environment-pg}{31}
@xrdef{Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.4}
@xrdef{Exit Status-title}{Exit Status}
@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{31}
@@ -145,225 +145,234 @@
@xrdef{Bash Builtins-title}{Bash Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Bash Builtins-pg}{41}
@xrdef{Bash Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.2}
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-title}{Modifying Shell Behavior}
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{49}
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 4.3}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-title}{The Set Builtin}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{53}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{49}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.1}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-title}{The Shopt Builtin}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{52}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.2}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-title}{Special Builtins}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{56}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{57}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.4}
@xrdef{Shell Variables-title}{Shell Variables}
@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{57}
@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{59}
@xrdef{Shell Variables-snt}{Chapter@tie 5}
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-title}{Bourne Shell Variables}
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{57}
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{59}
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.1}
@xrdef{Bash Variables-title}{Bash Variables}
@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{57}
@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{59}
@xrdef{Bash Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.2}
@xrdef{Bash Features-title}{Bash Features}
@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{67}
@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{69}
@xrdef{Bash Features-snt}{Chapter@tie 6}
@xrdef{Invoking Bash-title}{Invoking Bash}
@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{67}
@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{69}
@xrdef{Invoking Bash-snt}{Section@tie 6.1}
@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-title}{Bash Startup Files}
@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{69}
@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{71}
@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-snt}{Section@tie 6.2}
@xrdef{Interactive Shells-title}{Interactive Shells}
@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{71}
@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{73}
@xrdef{Interactive Shells-snt}{Section@tie 6.3}
@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-title}{What is an Interactive Shell?}
@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{71}
@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{73}
@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.1}
@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-title}{Is this Shell Interactive?}
@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{71}
@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{73}
@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.2}
@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-title}{Interactive Shell Behavior}
@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{71}
@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{73}
@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.3}
@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-title}{Bash Conditional Expressions}
@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{73}
@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{75}
@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-snt}{Section@tie 6.4}
@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-title}{Shell Arithmetic}
@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{74}
@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{76}
@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-snt}{Section@tie 6.5}
@xrdef{Aliases-title}{Aliases}
@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{75}
@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{77}
@xrdef{Aliases-snt}{Section@tie 6.6}
@xrdef{Arrays-title}{Arrays}
@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{76}
@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{78}
@xrdef{Arrays-snt}{Section@tie 6.7}
@xrdef{The Directory Stack-title}{The Directory Stack}
@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{77}
@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{79}
@xrdef{The Directory Stack-snt}{Section@tie 6.8}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-title}{Directory Stack Builtins}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{77}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{79}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 6.8.1}
@xrdef{Printing a Prompt-title}{Controlling the Prompt}
@xrdef{Printing a Prompt-pg}{79}
@xrdef{Printing a Prompt-pg}{81}
@xrdef{Printing a Prompt-snt}{Section@tie 6.9}
@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-title}{The Restricted Shell}
@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{80}
@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{82}
@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-snt}{Section@tie 6.10}
@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-title}{Bash POSIX Mode}
@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{80}
@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{82}
@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-snt}{Section@tie 6.11}
@xrdef{Job Control-title}{Job Control}
@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{85}
@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{87}
@xrdef{Job Control-snt}{Chapter@tie 7}
@xrdef{Job Control Basics-title}{Job Control Basics}
@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{85}
@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{87}
@xrdef{Job Control Basics-snt}{Section@tie 7.1}
@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-title}{Job Control Builtins}
@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{86}
@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{88}
@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 7.2}
@xrdef{Job Control Variables-title}{Job Control Variables}
@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{88}
@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{90}
@xrdef{Job Control Variables-snt}{Section@tie 7.3}
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-title}{Command Line Editing}
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{89}
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{91}
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-snt}{Chapter@tie 8}
@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-title}{Introduction to Line Editing}
@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{89}
@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{91}
@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-snt}{Section@tie 8.1}
@xrdef{Readline Interaction-title}{Readline Interaction}
@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{89}
@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{91}
@xrdef{Readline Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 8.2}
@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-title}{Readline Bare Essentials}
@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{89}
@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{91}
@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.1}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-title}{Readline Movement Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{90}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{92}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.2}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-title}{Readline Killing Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{91}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{93}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.3}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-title}{Readline Arguments}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{91}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{93}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.4}
@xrdef{Searching-title}{Searching for Commands in the History}
@xrdef{Searching-pg}{92}
@xrdef{Searching-pg}{94}
@xrdef{Searching-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.5}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-title}{Readline Init File}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{92}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{94}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-title}{Readline Init File Syntax}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{92}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{94}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.1}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{97}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{99}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.2}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{98}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{100}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.3}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{101}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{103}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{101}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{103}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.1}
@xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History}
@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{101}
@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{103}
@xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.2}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{103}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{105}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.3}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{104}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{106}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.4}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{105}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{107}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.5}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{105}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{107}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.6}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{106}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{108}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.7}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{107}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{109}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.8}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{109}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{111}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 8.5}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-title}{Programmable Completion}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{109}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{111}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.6}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-title}{Programmable Completion Builtins}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{111}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{113}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 8.7}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-title}{Using History Interactively}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{115}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{117}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-snt}{Chapter@tie 9}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-title}{Bash History Facilities}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{115}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{117}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{115}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{117}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2}
@xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion}
@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{117}
@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{119}
@xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3}
@xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators}
@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{117}
@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{120}
@xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1}
@xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators}
@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{118}
@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{120}
@xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2}
@xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers}
@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{119}
@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{121}
@xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{121}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{123}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{121}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{123}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{122}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{124}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{122}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{124}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3}
@xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names}
@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{122}
@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{124}
@xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{123}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{125}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{123}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{125}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{123}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{125}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7}
@xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features}
@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{123}
@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{125}
@xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{129}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{131}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{131}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{133}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}}
@xrdef{Copying This Manual-title}{Copying This Manual}
@xrdef{Copying This Manual-pg}{137}
@xrdef{Copying This Manual-pg}{139}
@xrdef{Copying This Manual-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{137}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{139}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Section@tie @char67.1}
@xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes}
@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{147}
@xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{145}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{148}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{147}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{149}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2}
@xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index}
@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{149}
@xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{}
@xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3}
@xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index}
@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{151}
@xrdef{Function Index-snt}{}
@xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4}
@xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index}
@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{153}
@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{}
@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5}
doc/bashref.bt
+21 -21
View File
@@ -33,24 +33,24 @@
\entry{logout}{46}{\code {logout}}
\entry{printf}{46}{\code {printf}}
\entry{read}{46}{\code {read}}
\entry{shopt}{47}{\code {shopt}}
\entry{source}{51}{\code {source}}
\entry{type}{51}{\code {type}}
\entry{typeset}{51}{\code {typeset}}
\entry{ulimit}{52}{\code {ulimit}}
\entry{unalias}{53}{\code {unalias}}
\entry{set}{53}{\code {set}}
\entry{dirs}{77}{\code {dirs}}
\entry{popd}{78}{\code {popd}}
\entry{pushd}{78}{\code {pushd}}
\entry{bg}{86}{\code {bg}}
\entry{fg}{86}{\code {fg}}
\entry{jobs}{86}{\code {jobs}}
\entry{kill}{87}{\code {kill}}
\entry{wait}{87}{\code {wait}}
\entry{disown}{87}{\code {disown}}
\entry{suspend}{87}{\code {suspend}}
\entry{compgen}{111}{\code {compgen}}
\entry{complete}{111}{\code {complete}}
\entry{fc}{115}{\code {fc}}
\entry{history}{116}{\code {history}}
\entry{source}{47}{\code {source}}
\entry{type}{47}{\code {type}}
\entry{typeset}{48}{\code {typeset}}
\entry{ulimit}{48}{\code {ulimit}}
\entry{unalias}{49}{\code {unalias}}
\entry{set}{49}{\code {set}}
\entry{shopt}{52}{\code {shopt}}
\entry{dirs}{79}{\code {dirs}}
\entry{popd}{80}{\code {popd}}
\entry{pushd}{80}{\code {pushd}}
\entry{bg}{88}{\code {bg}}
\entry{fg}{88}{\code {fg}}
\entry{jobs}{88}{\code {jobs}}
\entry{kill}{89}{\code {kill}}
\entry{wait}{89}{\code {wait}}
\entry{disown}{89}{\code {disown}}
\entry{suspend}{89}{\code {suspend}}
\entry{compgen}{113}{\code {compgen}}
\entry{complete}{113}{\code {complete}}
\entry{fc}{118}{\code {fc}}
\entry{history}{118}{\code {history}}
doc/bashref.bts
+21 -21
View File
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
\initial {A}
\entry {\code {alias}}{41}
\initial {B}
\entry {\code {bg}}{86}
\entry {\code {bg}}{88}
\entry {\code {bind}}{41}
\entry {\code {break}}{35}
\entry {\code {builtin}}{42}
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
\entry {\code {caller}}{42}
\entry {\code {cd}}{36}
\entry {\code {command}}{43}
\entry {\code {compgen}}{111}
\entry {\code {complete}}{111}
\entry {\code {compgen}}{113}
\entry {\code {complete}}{113}
\entry {\code {continue}}{36}
\initial {D}
\entry {\code {declare}}{43}
\entry {\code {dirs}}{77}
\entry {\code {disown}}{87}
\entry {\code {dirs}}{79}
\entry {\code {disown}}{89}
\initial {E}
\entry {\code {echo}}{44}
\entry {\code {enable}}{45}
@@ -30,47 +30,47 @@
\entry {\code {exit}}{36}
\entry {\code {export}}{36}
\initial {F}
\entry {\code {fc}}{115}
\entry {\code {fg}}{86}
\entry {\code {fc}}{118}
\entry {\code {fg}}{88}
\initial {G}
\entry {\code {getopts}}{37}
\initial {H}
\entry {\code {hash}}{37}
\entry {\code {help}}{45}
\entry {\code {history}}{116}
\entry {\code {history}}{118}
\initial {J}
\entry {\code {jobs}}{86}
\entry {\code {jobs}}{88}
\initial {K}
\entry {\code {kill}}{87}
\entry {\code {kill}}{89}
\initial {L}
\entry {\code {let}}{45}
\entry {\code {local}}{45}
\entry {\code {logout}}{46}
\initial {P}
\entry {\code {popd}}{78}
\entry {\code {popd}}{80}
\entry {\code {printf}}{46}
\entry {\code {pushd}}{78}
\entry {\code {pushd}}{80}
\entry {\code {pwd}}{38}
\initial {R}
\entry {\code {read}}{46}
\entry {\code {readonly}}{38}
\entry {\code {return}}{38}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {set}}{53}
\entry {\code {set}}{49}
\entry {\code {shift}}{38}
\entry {\code {shopt}}{47}
\entry {\code {source}}{51}
\entry {\code {suspend}}{87}
\entry {\code {shopt}}{52}
\entry {\code {source}}{47}
\entry {\code {suspend}}{89}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {test}}{39}
\entry {\code {times}}{40}
\entry {\code {trap}}{40}
\entry {\code {type}}{51}
\entry {\code {typeset}}{51}
\entry {\code {type}}{47}
\entry {\code {typeset}}{48}
\initial {U}
\entry {\code {ulimit}}{52}
\entry {\code {ulimit}}{48}
\entry {\code {umask}}{40}
\entry {\code {unalias}}{53}
\entry {\code {unalias}}{49}
\entry {\code {unset}}{41}
\initial {W}
\entry {\code {wait}}{87}
\entry {\code {wait}}{89}
doc/bashref.cp
+50 -50
View File
@@ -54,65 +54,65 @@
\entry{expansion, arithmetic}{22}{expansion, arithmetic}
\entry{arithmetic expansion}{22}{arithmetic expansion}
\entry{process substitution}{22}{process substitution}
\entry{word splitting}{22}{word splitting}
\entry{word splitting}{23}{word splitting}
\entry{expansion, filename}{23}{expansion, filename}
\entry{expansion, pathname}{23}{expansion, pathname}
\entry{filename expansion}{23}{filename expansion}
\entry{pathname expansion}{23}{pathname expansion}
\entry{pattern matching}{23}{pattern matching}
\entry{matching, pattern}{23}{matching, pattern}
\entry{pattern matching}{24}{pattern matching}
\entry{matching, pattern}{24}{matching, pattern}
\entry{redirection}{25}{redirection}
\entry{command expansion}{28}{command expansion}
\entry{command execution}{29}{command execution}
\entry{command search}{29}{command search}
\entry{execution environment}{29}{execution environment}
\entry{environment}{30}{environment}
\entry{execution environment}{30}{execution environment}
\entry{environment}{31}{environment}
\entry{exit status}{31}{exit status}
\entry{signal handling}{31}{signal handling}
\entry{shell script}{32}{shell script}
\entry{special builtin}{56}{special builtin}
\entry{login shell}{69}{login shell}
\entry{interactive shell}{69}{interactive shell}
\entry{startup files}{69}{startup files}
\entry{special builtin}{57}{special builtin}
\entry{login shell}{71}{login shell}
\entry{interactive shell}{71}{interactive shell}
\entry{shell, interactive}{71}{shell, interactive}
\entry{expressions, conditional}{73}{expressions, conditional}
\entry{arithmetic, shell}{74}{arithmetic, shell}
\entry{shell arithmetic}{74}{shell arithmetic}
\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{74}{expressions, arithmetic}
\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{74}{evaluation, arithmetic}
\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{74}{arithmetic evaluation}
\entry{alias expansion}{75}{alias expansion}
\entry{arrays}{76}{arrays}
\entry{directory stack}{77}{directory stack}
\entry{prompting}{79}{prompting}
\entry{restricted shell}{80}{restricted shell}
\entry{POSIX Mode}{80}{POSIX Mode}
\entry{job control}{85}{job control}
\entry{foreground}{85}{foreground}
\entry{background}{85}{background}
\entry{suspending jobs}{85}{suspending jobs}
\entry{Readline, how to use}{88}{Readline, how to use}
\entry{interaction, readline}{89}{interaction, readline}
\entry{notation, readline}{89}{notation, readline}
\entry{command editing}{89}{command editing}
\entry{editing command lines}{89}{editing command lines}
\entry{killing text}{91}{killing text}
\entry{yanking text}{91}{yanking text}
\entry{kill ring}{91}{kill ring}
\entry{initialization file, readline}{92}{initialization file, readline}
\entry{variables, readline}{93}{variables, readline}
\entry{programmable completion}{109}{programmable completion}
\entry{completion builtins}{111}{completion builtins}
\entry{History, how to use}{114}{History, how to use}
\entry{command history}{115}{command history}
\entry{history list}{115}{history list}
\entry{history builtins}{115}{history builtins}
\entry{history expansion}{117}{history expansion}
\entry{event designators}{117}{event designators}
\entry{history events}{117}{history events}
\entry{installation}{121}{installation}
\entry{configuration}{121}{configuration}
\entry{Bash installation}{121}{Bash installation}
\entry{Bash configuration}{121}{Bash configuration}
\entry{FDL, GNU Free Documentation License}{137}{FDL, GNU Free Documentation License}
\entry{startup files}{71}{startup files}
\entry{interactive shell}{73}{interactive shell}
\entry{shell, interactive}{73}{shell, interactive}
\entry{expressions, conditional}{75}{expressions, conditional}
\entry{arithmetic, shell}{76}{arithmetic, shell}
\entry{shell arithmetic}{76}{shell arithmetic}
\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{76}{expressions, arithmetic}
\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{76}{evaluation, arithmetic}
\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{76}{arithmetic evaluation}
\entry{alias expansion}{77}{alias expansion}
\entry{arrays}{78}{arrays}
\entry{directory stack}{79}{directory stack}
\entry{prompting}{81}{prompting}
\entry{restricted shell}{82}{restricted shell}
\entry{POSIX Mode}{82}{POSIX Mode}
\entry{job control}{87}{job control}
\entry{foreground}{87}{foreground}
\entry{background}{87}{background}
\entry{suspending jobs}{87}{suspending jobs}
\entry{Readline, how to use}{90}{Readline, how to use}
\entry{interaction, readline}{91}{interaction, readline}
\entry{notation, readline}{91}{notation, readline}
\entry{command editing}{91}{command editing}
\entry{editing command lines}{91}{editing command lines}
\entry{killing text}{93}{killing text}
\entry{yanking text}{93}{yanking text}
\entry{kill ring}{93}{kill ring}
\entry{initialization file, readline}{94}{initialization file, readline}
\entry{variables, readline}{95}{variables, readline}
\entry{programmable completion}{111}{programmable completion}
\entry{completion builtins}{113}{completion builtins}
\entry{History, how to use}{116}{History, how to use}
\entry{command history}{117}{command history}
\entry{history list}{117}{history list}
\entry{history builtins}{117}{history builtins}
\entry{history expansion}{119}{history expansion}
\entry{event designators}{120}{event designators}
\entry{history events}{120}{history events}
\entry{installation}{123}{installation}
\entry{configuration}{123}{configuration}
\entry{Bash installation}{123}{Bash installation}
\entry{Bash configuration}{123}{Bash configuration}
\entry{FDL, GNU Free Documentation License}{139}{FDL, GNU Free Documentation License}
doc/bashref.cps
+50 -50
View File
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
\initial {A}
\entry {alias expansion}{75}
\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{74}
\entry {alias expansion}{77}
\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{76}
\entry {arithmetic expansion}{22}
\entry {arithmetic, shell}{74}
\entry {arrays}{76}
\entry {arithmetic, shell}{76}
\entry {arrays}{78}
\initial {B}
\entry {background}{85}
\entry {Bash configuration}{121}
\entry {Bash installation}{121}
\entry {background}{87}
\entry {Bash configuration}{123}
\entry {Bash installation}{123}
\entry {Bourne shell}{5}
\entry {brace expansion}{17}
\entry {builtin}{3}
\initial {C}
\entry {command editing}{89}
\entry {command editing}{91}
\entry {command execution}{29}
\entry {command expansion}{28}
\entry {command history}{115}
\entry {command history}{117}
\entry {command search}{29}
\entry {command substitution}{21}
\entry {command timing}{8}
@@ -28,17 +28,17 @@
\entry {commands, shell}{8}
\entry {commands, simple}{8}
\entry {comments, shell}{7}
\entry {completion builtins}{111}
\entry {configuration}{121}
\entry {completion builtins}{113}
\entry {configuration}{123}
\entry {control operator}{3}
\initial {D}
\entry {directory stack}{77}
\entry {directory stack}{79}
\initial {E}
\entry {editing command lines}{89}
\entry {environment}{30}
\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{74}
\entry {event designators}{117}
\entry {execution environment}{29}
\entry {editing command lines}{91}
\entry {environment}{31}
\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{76}
\entry {event designators}{120}
\entry {execution environment}{30}
\entry {exit status}{3, 31}
\entry {expansion}{17}
\entry {expansion, arithmetic}{22}
@@ -47,44 +47,44 @@
\entry {expansion, parameter}{19}
\entry {expansion, pathname}{23}
\entry {expansion, tilde}{18}
\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{74}
\entry {expressions, conditional}{73}
\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{76}
\entry {expressions, conditional}{75}
\initial {F}
\entry {FDL, GNU Free Documentation License}{137}
\entry {FDL, GNU Free Documentation License}{139}
\entry {field}{3}
\entry {filename}{3}
\entry {filename expansion}{23}
\entry {foreground}{85}
\entry {foreground}{87}
\entry {functions, shell}{14}
\initial {H}
\entry {history builtins}{115}
\entry {history events}{117}
\entry {history expansion}{117}
\entry {history list}{115}
\entry {History, how to use}{114}
\entry {history builtins}{117}
\entry {history events}{120}
\entry {history expansion}{119}
\entry {history list}{117}
\entry {History, how to use}{116}
\initial {I}
\entry {identifier}{3}
\entry {initialization file, readline}{92}
\entry {installation}{121}
\entry {interaction, readline}{89}
\entry {interactive shell}{69, 71}
\entry {initialization file, readline}{94}
\entry {installation}{123}
\entry {interaction, readline}{91}
\entry {interactive shell}{71, 73}
\entry {internationalization}{7}
\initial {J}
\entry {job}{3}
\entry {job control}{3, 85}
\entry {job control}{3, 87}
\initial {K}
\entry {kill ring}{91}
\entry {killing text}{91}
\entry {kill ring}{93}
\entry {killing text}{93}
\initial {L}
\entry {localization}{7}
\entry {login shell}{69}
\entry {login shell}{71}
\initial {M}
\entry {matching, pattern}{23}
\entry {matching, pattern}{24}
\entry {metacharacter}{3}
\initial {N}
\entry {name}{3}
\entry {native languages}{7}
\entry {notation, readline}{89}
\entry {notation, readline}{91}
\initial {O}
\entry {operator, shell}{3}
\initial {P}
@@ -93,44 +93,44 @@
\entry {parameters, positional}{15}
\entry {parameters, special}{16}
\entry {pathname expansion}{23}
\entry {pattern matching}{23}
\entry {pattern matching}{24}
\entry {pipeline}{8}
\entry {POSIX}{3}
\entry {POSIX Mode}{80}
\entry {POSIX Mode}{82}
\entry {process group}{3}
\entry {process group ID}{3}
\entry {process substitution}{22}
\entry {programmable completion}{109}
\entry {prompting}{79}
\entry {programmable completion}{111}
\entry {prompting}{81}
\initial {Q}
\entry {quoting}{6}
\entry {quoting, ANSI}{6}
\initial {R}
\entry {Readline, how to use}{88}
\entry {Readline, how to use}{90}
\entry {redirection}{25}
\entry {reserved word}{3}
\entry {restricted shell}{80}
\entry {restricted shell}{82}
\entry {return status}{3}
\initial {S}
\entry {shell arithmetic}{74}
\entry {shell arithmetic}{76}
\entry {shell function}{14}
\entry {shell script}{32}
\entry {shell variable}{15}
\entry {shell, interactive}{71}
\entry {shell, interactive}{73}
\entry {signal}{4}
\entry {signal handling}{31}
\entry {special builtin}{4, 56}
\entry {startup files}{69}
\entry {suspending jobs}{85}
\entry {special builtin}{4, 57}
\entry {startup files}{71}
\entry {suspending jobs}{87}
\initial {T}
\entry {tilde expansion}{18}
\entry {token}{4}
\entry {translation, native languages}{7}
\initial {V}
\entry {variable, shell}{15}
\entry {variables, readline}{93}
\entry {variables, readline}{95}
\initial {W}
\entry {word}{4}
\entry {word splitting}{22}
\entry {word splitting}{23}
\initial {Y}
\entry {yanking text}{91}
\entry {yanking text}{93}
doc/bashref.dvi
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doc/bashref.fn
+96 -96
View File
@@ -1,96 +1,96 @@
\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{101}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{101}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{101}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{101}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{101}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{101}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{101}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{101}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{101}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{102}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
\entry{next-history (C-n)}{102}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{102}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{102}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{102}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{102}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{102}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{102}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
\entry{history-search-forward ()}{102}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
\entry{history-search-backward ()}{102}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{102}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{102}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{103}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{103}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{103}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{103}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{103}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{103}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{103}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{103}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{103}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{103}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{103}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{104}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{104}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{104}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{104}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{104}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{104}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{104}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{104}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{104}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
\entry{kill-region ()}{104}{\code {kill-region ()}}
\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{104}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{104}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{104}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
\entry{yank (C-y)}{105}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{105}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{105}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
\entry{universal-argument ()}{105}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
\entry{complete (TAB)}{105}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{105}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{105}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
\entry{menu-complete ()}{105}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{106}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{106}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}
\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{106}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}
\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{106}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}
\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{106}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}
\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{106}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}
\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{106}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}
\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{106}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}
\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{106}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}
\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{106}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}
\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{106}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}
\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{106}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}
\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}{106}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}
\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{106}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{107}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{107}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{107}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
\entry{abort (C-g)}{107}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{107}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{107}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{107}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{107}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{107}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}
\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{107}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{107}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
\entry{character-search (C-])}{107}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{107}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{108}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
\entry{dump-functions ()}{108}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
\entry{dump-variables ()}{108}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
\entry{dump-macros ()}{108}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{108}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}
\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{108}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}
\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{108}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}
\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{108}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}
\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{108}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}
\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{108}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}
\entry{magic-space ()}{109}{\code {magic-space ()}}
\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{109}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}
\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{109}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}
\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{109}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}
\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{109}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{109}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}
\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{103}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{103}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{103}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{103}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{103}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{103}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{103}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{103}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{103}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{104}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
\entry{next-history (C-n)}{104}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{104}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{104}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{104}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{104}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{104}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{104}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
\entry{history-search-forward ()}{104}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
\entry{history-search-backward ()}{104}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{104}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{104}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{105}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{105}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{105}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{105}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{105}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{105}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{105}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{105}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{105}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{105}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{105}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{106}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{106}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{106}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{106}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{106}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{106}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{106}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{106}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{106}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
\entry{kill-region ()}{106}{\code {kill-region ()}}
\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{106}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{106}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{106}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
\entry{yank (C-y)}{107}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{107}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{107}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
\entry{universal-argument ()}{107}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
\entry{complete (TAB)}{107}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{107}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{107}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
\entry{menu-complete ()}{107}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{108}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{108}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}
\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{108}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}
\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{108}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}
\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{108}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}
\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{108}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}
\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{108}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}
\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{108}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}
\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{108}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}
\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{108}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}
\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{108}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}
\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{108}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}
\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}{108}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}
\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{108}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{109}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{109}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{109}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
\entry{abort (C-g)}{109}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{109}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{109}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{109}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{109}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{109}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}
\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{109}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{109}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
\entry{character-search (C-])}{109}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{109}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{110}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
\entry{dump-functions ()}{110}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
\entry{dump-variables ()}{110}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
\entry{dump-macros ()}{110}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{110}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}
\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{110}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}
\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{110}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}
\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{110}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}
\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{110}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}
\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{110}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}
\entry{magic-space ()}{111}{\code {magic-space ()}}
\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{111}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}
\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{111}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}
\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{111}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}
\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{111}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{111}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}
doc/bashref.fns
+96 -96
View File
@@ -1,116 +1,116 @@
\initial {A}
\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{107}
\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{101}
\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{109}
\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{109}
\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{103}
\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{111}
\initial {B}
\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{101}
\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{103}
\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{104}
\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{104}
\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{101}
\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{102}
\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{101}
\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{103}
\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{105}
\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{106}
\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{106}
\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{103}
\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{104}
\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{103}
\initial {C}
\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{107}
\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{103}
\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{107}
\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{107}
\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{101}
\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{105}
\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{106}
\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{106}
\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{106}
\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{106}
\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{106}
\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{106}
\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{104}
\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{104}
\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{104}
\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{109}
\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{105}
\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{109}
\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{109}
\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{103}
\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{107}
\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{108}
\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{108}
\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{108}
\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{108}
\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{108}
\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{108}
\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{106}
\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{106}
\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{106}
\initial {D}
\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{103}
\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{106}
\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{104}
\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{105}
\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{108}
\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{107}
\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{103}
\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{108}
\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{108}
\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{108}
\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{106}
\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{105}
\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{108}
\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{106}
\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{107}
\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{110}
\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{109}
\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{105}
\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{110}
\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{110}
\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{110}
\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{108}
\initial {E}
\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{109}
\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{107}
\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{102}
\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{101}
\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{107}
\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{111}
\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{109}
\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{104}
\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{103}
\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{109}
\initial {F}
\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{103}
\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{101}
\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{102}
\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{101}
\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{105}
\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{103}
\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{104}
\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{103}
\initial {G}
\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{108}
\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{108}
\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{108}
\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{110}
\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{110}
\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{110}
\initial {H}
\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{109}
\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{108}
\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{102}
\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{102}
\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{111}
\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{110}
\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{104}
\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{104}
\initial {I}
\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{108}
\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{105}
\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{109}
\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{110}
\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{107}
\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{111}
\initial {K}
\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{104}
\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{104}
\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{104}
\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{104}
\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{106}
\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{106}
\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{106}
\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{106}
\initial {M}
\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{109}
\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{105}
\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{111}
\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{107}
\initial {N}
\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{102}
\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{102}
\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{102}
\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{104}
\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{104}
\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{104}
\initial {O}
\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{109}
\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{103}
\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{111}
\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{105}
\initial {P}
\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{106}
\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{105}
\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{106}
\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{106}
\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{106}
\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{106}
\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{107}
\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{102}
\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{108}
\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{107}
\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{108}
\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{108}
\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{108}
\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{108}
\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{109}
\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{104}
\initial {Q}
\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{103}
\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{105}
\initial {R}
\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{107}
\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{101}
\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{102}
\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{107}
\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{109}
\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{103}
\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{104}
\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{109}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{103}
\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{107}
\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{108}
\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{106}
\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{105}
\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{109}
\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{110}
\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{108}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{107}
\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{103}
\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{103}
\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{109}
\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{105}
\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{105}
\initial {U}
\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{107}
\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{105}
\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{104}
\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{104}
\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{104}
\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{103}
\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{109}
\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{107}
\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{106}
\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{106}
\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{106}
\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{105}
\initial {Y}
\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{105}
\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{102}
\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{102}
\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{105}
\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{107}
\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{104}
\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{104}
\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{107}
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.4.5) (format=tex 2005.3.22) 26 JAN 2006 11:19
This is TeX, Version 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.4) (format=tex 2006.11.28) 16 JAN 2007 11:15
**/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi
(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex
Loading texinfo [version 2003-02-03.16]: Basics,
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ cross references,
\auxfile=\write2
\savesfregister=\count46
\footnoteno=\count47
(/sw/share/texmf/tex/generic/misc/epsf.tex
(/sw/share/texmf-dist/tex/generic/epsf/epsf.tex
\epsffilein=\read0
\epsfframemargin=\dimen39
\epsfframethickness=\dimen40
@@ -119,18 +119,19 @@ cross references,
\epsfnoopenhelp=\toks24
)
\noepsfhelp=\toks25
localization,
localization,
\nolanghelp=\toks26
\defaultparindent=\dimen47
and turning on texinfo input format.) (./bashref.aux)
and turning on texinfo input format.) (./bashref.aux)
@cpindfile=@write3
@fnindfile=@write4
@vrindfile=@write5
@tpindfile=@write6
@kyindfile=@write7
@pgindfile=@write8
(./version.texi)
(./version.texi)
@btindfile=@write9
@rwindfile=@write10
[1
@@ -152,13 +153,12 @@ and turning on texinfo input format.) (./bashref.aux)
\openout10 = `bashref.rw'.
]
[2] (./bashref.toc [-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4] Chapter 1
] [2] (./bashref.toc [-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4] Chapter 1
\openout0 = `bashref.toc'.
[1] Chapter 2 [2] [3]
Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
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[1]
Chapter 2 [2] [3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
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[]@texttt case @textttsl word @texttt in [ [(] @textttsl pat-tern @texttt [| @
textttsl pat-tern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[][]
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ textttsl pat-tern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[][]
[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]
[26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] Chapter 4 [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38]
[39] [40] [41]
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@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
.etc.
[42] [43] [44] [45]
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[]@texttt read [-ers] [-a @textttsl aname@texttt ] [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt
] [-n @textttsl nchars@texttt ] [-p @textttsl prompt@texttt ] [-t @textttsl ti
me-
@@ -199,8 +199,8 @@ me-
.@texttt a
.etc.
[46] [47] [48]
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[46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53]
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[] []@textrm Error trac-ing is en-abled: com-mand sub-sti-tu-tion, shell
@hbox(7.60416+2.12917)x433.62, glue set 2.95305
@@ -215,9 +215,9 @@ Underfull \hbox (badness 2573) in paragraph at lines 3647--3651
.@textrm E
.etc.
[49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] Chapter 5 [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61]
[62] [63] [64] Chapter 6 [65] [66]
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[54] [55] [56] Chapter 5 [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66]
Chapter 6 [67] [68]
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
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Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4903--4903
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt
] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar
-
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4841--4841
.etc.
Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4842--4842
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text
tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.@texttt s
.etc.
[67] [68]
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[69] [70]
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[]@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from
the file
@@ -269,8 +269,8 @@ the file
.@textrm n
.etc.
[69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] [82]
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@textrm `@texttt --enable-strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[] to @texttt configur
e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
@@ -282,10 +282,10 @@ e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
.@texttt n
.etc.
Chapter 7 [83] [84] [85] [86] [87]
(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [88] [89]
[90] [91] [92] [93]
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Chapter 7 [85] [86] [87] [88] [89]
(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [90] [91]
[92] [93] [94] [95]
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@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
.@texttt c
.etc.
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gnored[]
@@ -310,8 +310,8 @@ gnored[]
.@texttt t
.etc.
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[]@texttt complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o @textttsl comp-option@texttt ] [-A @tex
tttsl ac-tion@texttt ] [-G @textttsl glob-
@@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ tttsl ac-tion@texttt ] [-G @textttsl glob-
.@texttt m
.etc.
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[113]) (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
[114] [115] [116] [117] [118]) Chapter 10 [119] [120] [121] [122] [123]
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[115]) (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
[116] [117] [118] [119] [120]) Chapter 10 [121] [122] [123] [124] [125]
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[]@textrm Enable sup-port for large files (@texttt http://www.sas.com/standard
s/large_
@@ -349,37 +349,35 @@ s/large_
.@textrm a
.etc.
[124] [125] [126] Appendix A [127] [128] Appendix B [129] [130] [131] [132]
[133] [134] [135] Appendix C [136] (./fdl.texi [137] [138] [139] [140] [141]
[142]) (Index of Shell Builtin Commands) [143] [144] (./bashref.bts)
(Index of Shell Reserved Words)
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[126] [127] [128] Appendix A [129] [130] Appendix B [131] [132] [133] [134]
[135] [136] [137] Appendix C [138] (./fdl.texi [139] [140] [141] [142] [143]
[144]) Appendix D [145] [146] (./bashref.bts) [147]
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...etc.
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.\penalty 10000
.etc.
[145] [146] (./bashref.rws) (Parameter and Variable Index) [147] [148]
(./bashref.vrs [149]) (Function Index) [150] (./bashref.fns [151])
(Concept Index) [152] (./bashref.cps [153]) [154] )
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@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
\subsecentry{Word Splitting}{3}{5}{7}{22}
\subsecentry{Filename Expansion}{3}{5}{8}{23}
\subsubsecentry{Pattern Matching}{3}{5}{8}{1}{23}
\subsecentry{Quote Removal}{3}{5}{9}{24}
\subsecentry{Quote Removal}{3}{5}{9}{25}
\secentry{Redirections}{3}{6}{25}
\subsecentry{Redirecting Input}{3}{6}{1}{26}
\subsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3}{6}{2}{26}
@@ -56,79 +56,82 @@
\chapentry{Shell Builtin Commands}{4}{35}
\secentry{Bourne Shell Builtins}{4}{1}{35}
\secentry{Bash Builtin Commands}{4}{2}{41}
\secentry{The Set Builtin}{4}{3}{53}
\secentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4}{3}{49}
\subsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4}{3}{1}{49}
\subsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4}{3}{2}{52}
\secentry{Special Builtins}{4}{4}{56}
\chapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{57}
\secentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5}{1}{57}
\secentry{Bash Variables}{5}{2}{57}
\chapentry{Bash Features}{6}{67}
\secentry{Invoking Bash}{6}{1}{67}
\secentry{Bash Startup Files}{6}{2}{69}
\secentry{Interactive Shells}{6}{3}{71}
\subsecentry{What is an Interactive Shell?}{6}{3}{1}{71}
\subsecentry{Is this Shell Interactive?}{6}{3}{2}{71}
\subsecentry{Interactive Shell Behavior}{6}{3}{3}{71}
\secentry{Bash Conditional Expressions}{6}{4}{72}
\secentry{Shell Arithmetic}{6}{5}{74}
\secentry{Aliases}{6}{6}{75}
\secentry{Arrays}{6}{7}{76}
\secentry{The Directory Stack}{6}{8}{77}
\subsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6}{8}{1}{77}
\secentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6}{9}{78}
\secentry{The Restricted Shell}{6}{10}{80}
\secentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6}{11}{80}
\chapentry{Job Control}{7}{85}
\secentry{Job Control Basics}{7}{1}{85}
\secentry{Job Control Builtins}{7}{2}{86}
\secentry{Job Control Variables}{7}{3}{87}
\chapentry{Command Line Editing}{8}{89}
\secentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{8}{1}{89}
\secentry{Readline Interaction}{8}{2}{89}
\subsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{8}{2}{1}{89}
\subsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{8}{2}{2}{90}
\subsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{8}{2}{3}{90}
\subsecentry{Readline Arguments}{8}{2}{4}{91}
\subsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8}{2}{5}{91}
\secentry{Readline Init File}{8}{3}{92}
\subsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8}{3}{1}{92}
\subsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8}{3}{2}{97}
\subsecentry{Sample Init File}{8}{3}{3}{98}
\secentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8}{4}{101}
\subsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8}{4}{1}{101}
\subsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8}{4}{2}{101}
\subsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8}{4}{3}{103}
\subsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8}{4}{4}{104}
\subsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8}{4}{5}{105}
\subsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8}{4}{6}{105}
\subsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8}{4}{7}{106}
\subsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8}{4}{8}{107}
\secentry{Readline vi Mode}{8}{5}{109}
\secentry{Programmable Completion}{8}{6}{109}
\secentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8}{7}{111}
\chapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{115}
\secentry{Bash History Facilities}{9}{1}{115}
\secentry{Bash History Builtins}{9}{2}{115}
\secentry{History Expansion}{9}{3}{117}
\subsecentry{Event Designators}{9}{3}{1}{117}
\subsecentry{Word Designators}{9}{3}{2}{118}
\subsecentry{Modifiers}{9}{3}{3}{119}
\chapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{121}
\secentry{Basic Installation}{10}{1}{121}
\secentry{Compilers and Options}{10}{2}{121}
\secentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10}{3}{122}
\secentry{Installation Names}{10}{4}{122}
\secentry{Specifying the System Type}{10}{5}{122}
\secentry{Sharing Defaults}{10}{6}{123}
\secentry{Operation Controls}{10}{7}{123}
\secentry{Optional Features}{10}{8}{123}
\appendixentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{129}
\appendixentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{131}
\secentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B}{1}{135}
\appendixentry{Copying This Manual}{C}{137}
\secentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{1}{137}
\subsecentry{ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents}{C}{1}{1}{143}
\unnumbchapentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{10}{145}
\unnumbchapentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{10}{147}
\unnumbchapentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{10}{149}
\unnumbchapentry{Function Index}{10}{151}
\unnumbchapentry{Concept Index}{10}{153}
\chapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{59}
\secentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5}{1}{59}
\secentry{Bash Variables}{5}{2}{59}
\chapentry{Bash Features}{6}{69}
\secentry{Invoking Bash}{6}{1}{69}
\secentry{Bash Startup Files}{6}{2}{71}
\secentry{Interactive Shells}{6}{3}{73}
\subsecentry{What is an Interactive Shell?}{6}{3}{1}{73}
\subsecentry{Is this Shell Interactive?}{6}{3}{2}{73}
\subsecentry{Interactive Shell Behavior}{6}{3}{3}{73}
\secentry{Bash Conditional Expressions}{6}{4}{74}
\secentry{Shell Arithmetic}{6}{5}{76}
\secentry{Aliases}{6}{6}{77}
\secentry{Arrays}{6}{7}{78}
\secentry{The Directory Stack}{6}{8}{79}
\subsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6}{8}{1}{79}
\secentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6}{9}{80}
\secentry{The Restricted Shell}{6}{10}{82}
\secentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6}{11}{82}
\chapentry{Job Control}{7}{87}
\secentry{Job Control Basics}{7}{1}{87}
\secentry{Job Control Builtins}{7}{2}{88}
\secentry{Job Control Variables}{7}{3}{89}
\chapentry{Command Line Editing}{8}{91}
\secentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{8}{1}{91}
\secentry{Readline Interaction}{8}{2}{91}
\subsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{8}{2}{1}{91}
\subsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{8}{2}{2}{92}
\subsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{8}{2}{3}{92}
\subsecentry{Readline Arguments}{8}{2}{4}{93}
\subsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8}{2}{5}{93}
\secentry{Readline Init File}{8}{3}{94}
\subsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8}{3}{1}{94}
\subsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8}{3}{2}{99}
\subsecentry{Sample Init File}{8}{3}{3}{100}
\secentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8}{4}{103}
\subsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8}{4}{1}{103}
\subsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8}{4}{2}{103}
\subsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8}{4}{3}{105}
\subsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8}{4}{4}{106}
\subsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8}{4}{5}{107}
\subsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8}{4}{6}{107}
\subsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8}{4}{7}{108}
\subsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8}{4}{8}{109}
\secentry{Readline vi Mode}{8}{5}{111}
\secentry{Programmable Completion}{8}{6}{111}
\secentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8}{7}{113}
\chapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{117}
\secentry{Bash History Facilities}{9}{1}{117}
\secentry{Bash History Builtins}{9}{2}{117}
\secentry{History Expansion}{9}{3}{119}
\subsecentry{Event Designators}{9}{3}{1}{119}
\subsecentry{Word Designators}{9}{3}{2}{120}
\subsecentry{Modifiers}{9}{3}{3}{121}
\chapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{123}
\secentry{Basic Installation}{10}{1}{123}
\secentry{Compilers and Options}{10}{2}{123}
\secentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10}{3}{124}
\secentry{Installation Names}{10}{4}{124}
\secentry{Specifying the System Type}{10}{5}{124}
\secentry{Sharing Defaults}{10}{6}{125}
\secentry{Operation Controls}{10}{7}{125}
\secentry{Optional Features}{10}{8}{125}
\appendixentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{131}
\appendixentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{133}
\secentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B}{1}{137}
\appendixentry{Copying This Manual}{C}{139}
\secentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{1}{139}
\subsecentry{ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents}{C}{1}{1}{145}
\appendixentry{Indexes}{D}{147}
\secentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D}{1}{147}
\secentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D}{2}{149}
\secentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D}{3}{149}
\secentry{Function Index}{D}{4}{151}
\secentry{Concept Index}{D}{5}{152}
doc/bashref.vr
+107 -104
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@@ -10,107 +10,110 @@
\entry{!}{16}{\code {!}}
\entry{0}{16}{\code {0}}
\entry{_}{16}{\code {_}}
\entry{CDPATH}{57}{\code {CDPATH}}
\entry{HOME}{57}{\code {HOME}}
\entry{IFS}{57}{\code {IFS}}
\entry{MAIL}{57}{\code {MAIL}}
\entry{MAILPATH}{57}{\code {MAILPATH}}
\entry{OPTARG}{57}{\code {OPTARG}}
\entry{OPTIND}{57}{\code {OPTIND}}
\entry{PATH}{57}{\code {PATH}}
\entry{PS1}{57}{\code {PS1}}
\entry{PS2}{57}{\code {PS2}}
\entry{BASH}{57}{\code {BASH}}
\entry{BASH_ARGC}{58}{\code {BASH_ARGC}}
\entry{BASH_ARGV}{58}{\code {BASH_ARGV}}
\entry{BASH_COMMAND}{58}{\code {BASH_COMMAND}}
\entry{BASH_ENV}{58}{\code {BASH_ENV}}
\entry{BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}{58}{\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}
\entry{BASH_LINENO}{58}{\code {BASH_LINENO}}
\entry{BASH_REMATCH}{58}{\code {BASH_REMATCH}}
\entry{BASH_SOURCE}{58}{\code {BASH_SOURCE}}
\entry{BASH_SUBSHELL}{58}{\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}
\entry{BASH_VERSINFO}{58}{\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}
\entry{BASH_VERSION}{59}{\code {BASH_VERSION}}
\entry{COLUMNS}{59}{\code {COLUMNS}}
\entry{COMP_CWORD}{59}{\code {COMP_CWORD}}
\entry{COMP_LINE}{59}{\code {COMP_LINE}}
\entry{COMP_POINT}{59}{\code {COMP_POINT}}
\entry{COMP_WORDBREAKS}{59}{\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}
\entry{COMP_WORDS}{59}{\code {COMP_WORDS}}
\entry{COMPREPLY}{60}{\code {COMPREPLY}}
\entry{DIRSTACK}{60}{\code {DIRSTACK}}
\entry{EMACS}{60}{\code {EMACS}}
\entry{EUID}{60}{\code {EUID}}
\entry{FCEDIT}{60}{\code {FCEDIT}}
\entry{FIGNORE}{60}{\code {FIGNORE}}
\entry{FUNCNAME}{60}{\code {FUNCNAME}}
\entry{GLOBIGNORE}{60}{\code {GLOBIGNORE}}
\entry{GROUPS}{60}{\code {GROUPS}}
\entry{histchars}{60}{\code {histchars}}
\entry{HISTCMD}{61}{\code {HISTCMD}}
\entry{HISTCONTROL}{61}{\code {HISTCONTROL}}
\entry{HISTFILE}{61}{\code {HISTFILE}}
\entry{HISTFILESIZE}{61}{\code {HISTFILESIZE}}
\entry{HISTIGNORE}{61}{\code {HISTIGNORE}}
\entry{HISTSIZE}{61}{\code {HISTSIZE}}
\entry{HISTTIMEFORMAT}{61}{\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}
\entry{HOSTFILE}{62}{\code {HOSTFILE}}
\entry{HOSTNAME}{62}{\code {HOSTNAME}}
\entry{HOSTTYPE}{62}{\code {HOSTTYPE}}
\entry{IGNOREEOF}{62}{\code {IGNOREEOF}}
\entry{INPUTRC}{62}{\code {INPUTRC}}
\entry{LANG}{62}{\code {LANG}}
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\entry{LC_COLLATE}{62}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
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\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{62}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
\entry{LC_NUMERIC}{62}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}
\entry{LINENO}{62}{\code {LINENO}}
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\entry{MAILCHECK}{63}{\code {MAILCHECK}}
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\entry{OSTYPE}{63}{\code {OSTYPE}}
\entry{PIPESTATUS}{63}{\code {PIPESTATUS}}
\entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{63}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}
\entry{PPID}{63}{\code {PPID}}
\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{63}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}
\entry{PS3}{63}{\code {PS3}}
\entry{PS4}{63}{\code {PS4}}
\entry{PWD}{63}{\code {PWD}}
\entry{RANDOM}{63}{\code {RANDOM}}
\entry{REPLY}{63}{\code {REPLY}}
\entry{SECONDS}{64}{\code {SECONDS}}
\entry{SHELL}{64}{\code {SHELL}}
\entry{SHELLOPTS}{64}{\code {SHELLOPTS}}
\entry{SHLVL}{64}{\code {SHLVL}}
\entry{TIMEFORMAT}{64}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}}
\entry{TMOUT}{64}{\code {TMOUT}}
\entry{TMPDIR}{65}{\code {TMPDIR}}
\entry{UID}{65}{\code {UID}}
\entry{auto_resume}{88}{\code {auto_resume}}
\entry{bell-style}{93}{\code {bell-style}}
\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{93}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
\entry{comment-begin}{93}{\code {comment-begin}}
\entry{completion-query-items}{93}{\code {completion-query-items}}
\entry{convert-meta}{94}{\code {convert-meta}}
\entry{disable-completion}{94}{\code {disable-completion}}
\entry{editing-mode}{94}{\code {editing-mode}}
\entry{enable-keypad}{94}{\code {enable-keypad}}
\entry{expand-tilde}{94}{\code {expand-tilde}}
\entry{history-preserve-point}{94}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{94}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
\entry{input-meta}{94}{\code {input-meta}}
\entry{meta-flag}{94}{\code {meta-flag}}
\entry{isearch-terminators}{94}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
\entry{keymap}{94}{\code {keymap}}
\entry{mark-modified-lines}{95}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{95}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
\entry{match-hidden-files}{95}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
\entry{output-meta}{95}{\code {output-meta}}
\entry{page-completions}{95}{\code {page-completions}}
\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{95}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{95}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
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\entry{OPTARG}{59}{\code {OPTARG}}
\entry{OPTIND}{59}{\code {OPTIND}}
\entry{PATH}{59}{\code {PATH}}
\entry{PS1}{59}{\code {PS1}}
\entry{PS2}{59}{\code {PS2}}
\entry{BASH}{59}{\code {BASH}}
\entry{BASHPID}{60}{\code {BASHPID}}
\entry{BASH_ARGC}{60}{\code {BASH_ARGC}}
\entry{BASH_ARGV}{60}{\code {BASH_ARGV}}
\entry{BASH_COMMAND}{60}{\code {BASH_COMMAND}}
\entry{BASH_ENV}{60}{\code {BASH_ENV}}
\entry{BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}{60}{\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}
\entry{BASH_LINENO}{60}{\code {BASH_LINENO}}
\entry{BASH_REMATCH}{60}{\code {BASH_REMATCH}}
\entry{BASH_SOURCE}{60}{\code {BASH_SOURCE}}
\entry{BASH_SUBSHELL}{61}{\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}
\entry{BASH_VERSINFO}{61}{\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}
\entry{BASH_VERSION}{61}{\code {BASH_VERSION}}
\entry{COLUMNS}{61}{\code {COLUMNS}}
\entry{COMP_CWORD}{61}{\code {COMP_CWORD}}
\entry{COMP_LINE}{61}{\code {COMP_LINE}}
\entry{COMP_POINT}{61}{\code {COMP_POINT}}
\entry{COMP_TYPE}{61}{\code {COMP_TYPE}}
\entry{COMP_KEY}{62}{\code {COMP_KEY}}
\entry{COMP_WORDBREAKS}{62}{\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}
\entry{COMP_WORDS}{62}{\code {COMP_WORDS}}
\entry{COMPREPLY}{62}{\code {COMPREPLY}}
\entry{DIRSTACK}{62}{\code {DIRSTACK}}
\entry{EMACS}{62}{\code {EMACS}}
\entry{EUID}{62}{\code {EUID}}
\entry{FCEDIT}{62}{\code {FCEDIT}}
\entry{FIGNORE}{62}{\code {FIGNORE}}
\entry{FUNCNAME}{62}{\code {FUNCNAME}}
\entry{GLOBIGNORE}{63}{\code {GLOBIGNORE}}
\entry{GROUPS}{63}{\code {GROUPS}}
\entry{histchars}{63}{\code {histchars}}
\entry{HISTCMD}{63}{\code {HISTCMD}}
\entry{HISTCONTROL}{63}{\code {HISTCONTROL}}
\entry{HISTFILE}{63}{\code {HISTFILE}}
\entry{HISTFILESIZE}{63}{\code {HISTFILESIZE}}
\entry{HISTIGNORE}{63}{\code {HISTIGNORE}}
\entry{HISTSIZE}{64}{\code {HISTSIZE}}
\entry{HISTTIMEFORMAT}{64}{\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}
\entry{HOSTFILE}{64}{\code {HOSTFILE}}
\entry{HOSTNAME}{64}{\code {HOSTNAME}}
\entry{HOSTTYPE}{64}{\code {HOSTTYPE}}
\entry{IGNOREEOF}{64}{\code {IGNOREEOF}}
\entry{INPUTRC}{64}{\code {INPUTRC}}
\entry{LANG}{64}{\code {LANG}}
\entry{LC_ALL}{64}{\code {LC_ALL}}
\entry{LC_COLLATE}{65}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
\entry{LC_CTYPE}{65}{\code {LC_CTYPE}}
\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{65}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
\entry{LC_NUMERIC}{65}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}
\entry{LINENO}{65}{\code {LINENO}}
\entry{LINES}{65}{\code {LINES}}
\entry{MACHTYPE}{65}{\code {MACHTYPE}}
\entry{MAILCHECK}{65}{\code {MAILCHECK}}
\entry{OLDPWD}{65}{\code {OLDPWD}}
\entry{OPTERR}{65}{\code {OPTERR}}
\entry{OSTYPE}{65}{\code {OSTYPE}}
\entry{PIPESTATUS}{65}{\code {PIPESTATUS}}
\entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{65}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}
\entry{PPID}{66}{\code {PPID}}
\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{66}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}
\entry{PS3}{66}{\code {PS3}}
\entry{PS4}{66}{\code {PS4}}
\entry{PWD}{66}{\code {PWD}}
\entry{RANDOM}{66}{\code {RANDOM}}
\entry{REPLY}{66}{\code {REPLY}}
\entry{SECONDS}{66}{\code {SECONDS}}
\entry{SHELL}{66}{\code {SHELL}}
\entry{SHELLOPTS}{66}{\code {SHELLOPTS}}
\entry{SHLVL}{66}{\code {SHLVL}}
\entry{TIMEFORMAT}{66}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}}
\entry{TMOUT}{67}{\code {TMOUT}}
\entry{TMPDIR}{67}{\code {TMPDIR}}
\entry{UID}{67}{\code {UID}}
\entry{auto_resume}{90}{\code {auto_resume}}
\entry{bell-style}{95}{\code {bell-style}}
\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{95}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
\entry{comment-begin}{95}{\code {comment-begin}}
\entry{completion-query-items}{95}{\code {completion-query-items}}
\entry{convert-meta}{96}{\code {convert-meta}}
\entry{disable-completion}{96}{\code {disable-completion}}
\entry{editing-mode}{96}{\code {editing-mode}}
\entry{enable-keypad}{96}{\code {enable-keypad}}
\entry{expand-tilde}{96}{\code {expand-tilde}}
\entry{history-preserve-point}{96}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{96}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
\entry{input-meta}{96}{\code {input-meta}}
\entry{meta-flag}{96}{\code {meta-flag}}
\entry{isearch-terminators}{96}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
\entry{keymap}{96}{\code {keymap}}
\entry{mark-modified-lines}{97}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{97}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
\entry{match-hidden-files}{97}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
\entry{output-meta}{97}{\code {output-meta}}
\entry{page-completions}{97}{\code {page-completions}}
\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{97}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{97}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
\entry{visible-stats}{98}{\code {visible-stats}}
doc/bashref.vrs
+107 -104
View File
@@ -17,127 +17,130 @@
\initial {0}
\entry {\code {0}}{16}
\initial {A}
\entry {\code {auto_resume}}{88}
\entry {\code {auto_resume}}{90}
\initial {B}
\entry {\code {BASH}}{57}
\entry {\code {BASH_ARGC}}{58}
\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV}}{58}
\entry {\code {BASH_COMMAND}}{58}
\entry {\code {BASH_ENV}}{58}
\entry {\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}{58}
\entry {\code {BASH_LINENO}}{58}
\entry {\code {BASH_REMATCH}}{58}
\entry {\code {BASH_SOURCE}}{58}
\entry {\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}{58}
\entry {\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}{58}
\entry {\code {BASH_VERSION}}{59}
\entry {\code {bell-style}}{93}
\entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{93}
\entry {\code {BASH}}{59}
\entry {\code {BASH_ARGC}}{60}
\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV}}{60}
\entry {\code {BASH_COMMAND}}{60}
\entry {\code {BASH_ENV}}{60}
\entry {\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}{60}
\entry {\code {BASH_LINENO}}{60}
\entry {\code {BASH_REMATCH}}{60}
\entry {\code {BASH_SOURCE}}{60}
\entry {\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}{61}
\entry {\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}{61}
\entry {\code {BASH_VERSION}}{61}
\entry {\code {BASHPID}}{60}
\entry {\code {bell-style}}{95}
\entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{95}
\initial {C}
\entry {\code {CDPATH}}{57}
\entry {\code {COLUMNS}}{59}
\entry {\code {comment-begin}}{93}
\entry {\code {COMP_CWORD}}{59}
\entry {\code {COMP_LINE}}{59}
\entry {\code {COMP_POINT}}{59}
\entry {\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}{59}
\entry {\code {COMP_WORDS}}{59}
\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{93}
\entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{60}
\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{94}
\entry {\code {CDPATH}}{59}
\entry {\code {COLUMNS}}{61}
\entry {\code {comment-begin}}{95}
\entry {\code {COMP_CWORD}}{61}
\entry {\code {COMP_KEY}}{62}
\entry {\code {COMP_LINE}}{61}
\entry {\code {COMP_POINT}}{61}
\entry {\code {COMP_TYPE}}{61}
\entry {\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}{62}
\entry {\code {COMP_WORDS}}{62}
\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{95}
\entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{62}
\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{96}
\initial {D}
\entry {\code {DIRSTACK}}{60}
\entry {\code {disable-completion}}{94}
\entry {\code {DIRSTACK}}{62}
\entry {\code {disable-completion}}{96}
\initial {E}
\entry {\code {editing-mode}}{94}
\entry {\code {EMACS}}{60}
\entry {\code {enable-keypad}}{94}
\entry {\code {EUID}}{60}
\entry {\code {expand-tilde}}{94}
\entry {\code {editing-mode}}{96}
\entry {\code {EMACS}}{62}
\entry {\code {enable-keypad}}{96}
\entry {\code {EUID}}{62}
\entry {\code {expand-tilde}}{96}
\initial {F}
\entry {\code {FCEDIT}}{60}
\entry {\code {FIGNORE}}{60}
\entry {\code {FUNCNAME}}{60}
\entry {\code {FCEDIT}}{62}
\entry {\code {FIGNORE}}{62}
\entry {\code {FUNCNAME}}{62}
\initial {G}
\entry {\code {GLOBIGNORE}}{60}
\entry {\code {GROUPS}}{60}
\entry {\code {GLOBIGNORE}}{63}
\entry {\code {GROUPS}}{63}
\initial {H}
\entry {\code {histchars}}{60}
\entry {\code {HISTCMD}}{61}
\entry {\code {HISTCONTROL}}{61}
\entry {\code {HISTFILE}}{61}
\entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{61}
\entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{61}
\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{94}
\entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{61}
\entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{61}
\entry {\code {HOME}}{57}
\entry {\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{94}
\entry {\code {HOSTFILE}}{62}
\entry {\code {HOSTNAME}}{62}
\entry {\code {HOSTTYPE}}{62}
\entry {\code {histchars}}{63}
\entry {\code {HISTCMD}}{63}
\entry {\code {HISTCONTROL}}{63}
\entry {\code {HISTFILE}}{63}
\entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{63}
\entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{63}
\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{96}
\entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{64}
\entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{64}
\entry {\code {HOME}}{59}
\entry {\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{96}
\entry {\code {HOSTFILE}}{64}
\entry {\code {HOSTNAME}}{64}
\entry {\code {HOSTTYPE}}{64}
\initial {I}
\entry {\code {IFS}}{57}
\entry {\code {IGNOREEOF}}{62}
\entry {\code {input-meta}}{94}
\entry {\code {INPUTRC}}{62}
\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{94}
\entry {\code {IFS}}{59}
\entry {\code {IGNOREEOF}}{64}
\entry {\code {input-meta}}{96}
\entry {\code {INPUTRC}}{64}
\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{96}
\initial {K}
\entry {\code {keymap}}{94}
\entry {\code {keymap}}{96}
\initial {L}
\entry {\code {LANG}}{62}
\entry {\code {LC_ALL}}{62}
\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{62}
\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{62}
\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{7, 62}
\entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{62}
\entry {\code {LINENO}}{62}
\entry {\code {LINES}}{63}
\entry {\code {LANG}}{64}
\entry {\code {LC_ALL}}{64}
\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{65}
\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{65}
\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{7, 65}
\entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{65}
\entry {\code {LINENO}}{65}
\entry {\code {LINES}}{65}
\initial {M}
\entry {\code {MACHTYPE}}{63}
\entry {\code {MAIL}}{57}
\entry {\code {MAILCHECK}}{63}
\entry {\code {MAILPATH}}{57}
\entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{95}
\entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{95}
\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{95}
\entry {\code {meta-flag}}{94}
\entry {\code {MACHTYPE}}{65}
\entry {\code {MAIL}}{59}
\entry {\code {MAILCHECK}}{65}
\entry {\code {MAILPATH}}{59}
\entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{97}
\entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{97}
\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{97}
\entry {\code {meta-flag}}{96}
\initial {O}
\entry {\code {OLDPWD}}{63}
\entry {\code {OPTARG}}{57}
\entry {\code {OPTERR}}{63}
\entry {\code {OPTIND}}{57}
\entry {\code {OSTYPE}}{63}
\entry {\code {output-meta}}{95}
\entry {\code {OLDPWD}}{65}
\entry {\code {OPTARG}}{59}
\entry {\code {OPTERR}}{65}
\entry {\code {OPTIND}}{59}
\entry {\code {OSTYPE}}{65}
\entry {\code {output-meta}}{97}
\initial {P}
\entry {\code {page-completions}}{95}
\entry {\code {PATH}}{57}
\entry {\code {PIPESTATUS}}{63}
\entry {\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{63}
\entry {\code {PPID}}{63}
\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{63}
\entry {\code {PS1}}{57}
\entry {\code {PS2}}{57}
\entry {\code {PS3}}{63}
\entry {\code {PS4}}{63}
\entry {\code {PWD}}{63}
\entry {\code {page-completions}}{97}
\entry {\code {PATH}}{59}
\entry {\code {PIPESTATUS}}{65}
\entry {\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{65}
\entry {\code {PPID}}{66}
\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{66}
\entry {\code {PS1}}{59}
\entry {\code {PS2}}{59}
\entry {\code {PS3}}{66}
\entry {\code {PS4}}{66}
\entry {\code {PWD}}{66}
\initial {R}
\entry {\code {RANDOM}}{63}
\entry {\code {REPLY}}{63}
\entry {\code {RANDOM}}{66}
\entry {\code {REPLY}}{66}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {SECONDS}}{64}
\entry {\code {SHELL}}{64}
\entry {\code {SHELLOPTS}}{64}
\entry {\code {SHLVL}}{64}
\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{95}
\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{95}
\entry {\code {SECONDS}}{66}
\entry {\code {SHELL}}{66}
\entry {\code {SHELLOPTS}}{66}
\entry {\code {SHLVL}}{66}
\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{97}
\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{97}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}{7}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}{7}
\entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{64}
\entry {\code {TMOUT}}{64}
\entry {\code {TMPDIR}}{65}
\entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{66}
\entry {\code {TMOUT}}{67}
\entry {\code {TMPDIR}}{67}
\initial {U}
\entry {\code {UID}}{65}
\entry {\code {UID}}{67}
\initial {V}
\entry {\code {visible-stats}}{96}
\entry {\code {visible-stats}}{98}
doc/builtins.0
+403 -386
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File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff
doc/builtins.ps
+1210 -1182
View File
File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff
doc/faq.headers.mail
+4 -4
View File
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
From: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
From: chet.ramey@case.edu (Chet Ramey)
To: bug-bash@gnu.org
Subject: BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.30)
Reply-To: chet@po.cwru.edu
Subject: BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.35)
Cc: chet.ramey@case.edu
Reply-To: chet.ramey@case.edu
doc/faq.headers.news
+1 -1
View File
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
Newsgroups: comp.unix.shell,comp.unix.questions
Distribution: world
From: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
Subject: BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.30)
Subject: BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.35)
Organization: Case Western Reserve University
Summary: A's to Q's about BASH, the Bourne-Again SHell
Reply-To: chet@po.cwru.edu
doc/faq.headers.news2
+1 -1
View File
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Newsgroups: comp.unix.shell,comp.unix.questions,comp.answers,news.answers
From: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
Subject: [gnu.bash.bug] BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.30)
Subject: [gnu.bash.bug] BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.35)
Organization: Case Western Reserve University
Summary: A's to Q's about BASH, the Bourne-Again SHell
Reply-To: chet@po.cwru.edu
doc/faq.mail
+117 -64
View File
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
From: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
From: chet.ramey@case.edu (Chet Ramey)
To: bug-bash@gnu.org
Subject: BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.30)
Reply-To: chet@po.cwru.edu
Subject: BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.35)
Cc: chet.ramey@case.edu
Reply-To: chet.ramey@case.edu
Archive-name: unix-faq/shell/bash
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Submitted-By: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
Last-Modified: Mon Feb 14 11:57:02 EST 2005
FAQ-Version: 3.30
Bash-Version: 3.0
Last-Modified: Thu Dec 14 11:34:54 EST 2006
FAQ-Version: 3.35
Bash-Version: 3.2
URL: ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/FAQ
Maintainer: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.30, for Bash version 3.0.
This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.35, for Bash version 3.2.
This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Another good source of basic information about shells is the collection
of FAQ articles periodically posted to comp.unix.shell.
Questions and comments concerning this document should be sent to
chet@po.cwru.edu.
chet.ramey@case.edu.
This document is available for anonymous FTP with the URL
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
Section B: The latest version
B1) What's new in version 3.0?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.0 and
bash-1.14.7?
B1) What's new in version 3.2?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
bash-2.05b?
Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'?
E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
notice the change?
E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect?
E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
@@ -154,26 +155,26 @@ of Case Western Reserve University.
A2) What's the latest version?
The latest version is 3.0, first made available on 27 July, 2004.
The latest version is 3.2, first made available on 12 October, 2006.
A3) Where can I get it?
Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the
master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The
latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu.
The following URLs tell how to get version 3.0:
The following URLs tell how to get version 3.2:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
Any patches for the current version are available with the URL:
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.0-patches/
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2-patches/
A4) On what machines will bash run?
@@ -204,10 +205,10 @@ of their CYGWIN project. For more information about the project, see
http://www.cygwin.com/.
Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their
early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done a
port of bash-2.05b to the CYGWIN environment, and it is available as
part of their current release. Bash-3.0 is currently being tested and
should be available soon.
early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done
ports of bash-2.05b and bash-3.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
are available as part of their current release. Bash-3.2 is currently
being tested and should be available soon.
Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to
build and run under CYGWIN.
@@ -229,7 +230,8 @@ ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204s.zip source
Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status.
Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services
for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix.
for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems
with building bash-3.1 or bash-3.2.
A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
@@ -398,15 +400,33 @@ They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual
Section B: The latest version
B1) What's new in version 3.0?
B1) What's new in version 3.2?
Bash-3.0 is the third major release of bash. The features introduced
in the intermediate releases following bash-2.05 have been completed.
Support for the bash debugger (a separate project) has been integrated.
Bash-3.2 is the second maintenance release of the third major release of
bash. It contains the following significant new features (see the manual
page for complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the
bash-3.2 distribution).
Bash-3.0 contains the following new features (see the manual page for
complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-3.0
distribution):
o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
characters when deciding whether or not a script is a binary file.
o Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ (regexp) operator now
forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
Bash-3.1 contained the following new features:
o Bash-3.1 may now be configured and built in a mode that enforces strict
POSIX compliance.
o The `+=' assignment operator, which appends to the value of a string or
array variable, has been implemented.
o It is now possible to ignore case when matching in contexts other than
filename generation using the new `nocasematch' shell option.
Bash-3.0 contained the following new features:
o Features to support the bash debugger have been implemented, and there
is a new `extdebug' option to turn the non-default options on
@@ -436,8 +456,6 @@ o The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
o The `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated, and the shell
messages may be translated into other languages
A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
Bash-2.05b introduced the following new features:
o support for multibyte characters has been added to both bash and readline
@@ -645,10 +663,10 @@ grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone)
lots of code now smaller and faster
test suite greatly expanded
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.0 and
bash-1.14.7?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
bash-2.05b?
There are a few incompatibilities between version 1.14.7 and version 3.0.
There are a few incompatibilities between version 2.05b and version 3.2.
They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution. That file
is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to bash-maintainers@gnu.org
if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
@@ -702,7 +720,7 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u,
readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o,
set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P,
unset -f/-v, ulimit -m/-p/-u,
unset -f/-v, ulimit -i/-m/-p/-q/-u/-x,
type -a/-p/-t/-f/-P, suspend -f, kill -n,
test -o optname/s1 == s2/s1 < s2/s1 > s2/-nt/-ot/-ef/-O/-G/-S
bash reads ~/.bashrc for interactive shells, $ENV for non-interactive
@@ -731,11 +749,12 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing
variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command,
even for builtins and functions
posix mode
posix mode and strict posix conformance
redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr,
/dev/tcp/host/port, /dev/udp/host/port
debugger support, including `caller' builtin and new variables
RETURN trap
the `+=' assignment operator
Things sh has that bash does not:
@@ -797,8 +816,8 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
set -o braceexpand/-o histexpand/-o interactive-comments/
-o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/
-h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type,
typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -u, umask -S, alias -p, shopt,
disown, printf, complete, compgen
typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -i/-q/-u/-x, umask -S, alias -p,
shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen
`!' csh-style history expansion
POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
@@ -813,6 +832,7 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
RETURN trap
Timestamps in history entries
{x..y} brace expansion
The `+=' assignment operator
Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not:
tracked aliases (alias -t)
@@ -840,7 +860,7 @@ Implementation differences:
C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.0:
New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.2:
associative arrays
floating point arithmetic and variables
math library functions
@@ -859,7 +879,6 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.0:
`fc' has been renamed to `hist'
`.' can execute shell functions
exit statuses between 0 and 255
`+=' variable assignment operator
FPATH and PATH mixing
getopts -a
-I invocation option
@@ -867,7 +886,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.0:
lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.0:
New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.2:
[n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command
?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators
@@ -893,6 +912,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.0:
command name completion
ENV processed only for interactive shells
set -o pipefail
The `+=' assignment operator
Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
@@ -1116,9 +1136,8 @@ will try to write on a pipe without a reader. In that case, bash
will print `Broken pipe' to stderr when ps is killed by a
SIGPIPE.
You can build a version of bash that will not report SIGPIPE errors
by uncommenting the definition of DONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE in the file
config-top.h.
As of bash-3.1, bash does not report SIGPIPE errors by default. You
can build a version of bash that will report such errors.
E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash
wrap lines at the wrong column?
@@ -1145,12 +1164,12 @@ simple calls to `read'. For example, piping a command's output
into a `while' loop that repeatedly calls `read' will result in
the same behavior.
Each element of a pipeline runs in a separate process, a child of
the shell running the pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its
parent's environment. When the `read' command sets the variable
to the input, that variable is set only in the subshell, not the
parent shell. When the subshell exits, the value of the variable
is lost.
Each element of a pipeline, even a builtin or shell function,
runs in a separate process, a child of the shell running the
pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its parent's environment.
When the `read' command sets the variable to the input, that
variable is set only in the subshell, not the parent shell. When
the subshell exits, the value of the variable is lost.
Many pipelines that end with `read variable' can be converted
into command substitutions, which will capture the output of
@@ -1394,6 +1413,32 @@ expanded value of param is unset or null, and $param otherwise.
To use negative offsets that begin with a minus sign, separate the
minus sign and the colon with a space.
E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
Filename completion (and word completion in general) may appear to behave
improperly if there is a colon in the word to be completed.
The colon is special to readline's word completion code: it is one of the
characters that breaks words for the completer. Readline uses these characters
in sort of the same way that bash uses $IFS: they break or separate the words
the completion code hands to the application-specific or default word
completion functions. The original intent was to make it easy to edit
colon-separated lists (such as $PATH in bash) in various applications using
readline for input.
This is complicated by the fact that some versions of the popular
`bash-completion' programmable completion package have problems with the
default completion behavior in the presence of colons.
The current set of completion word break characters is available in bash as
the value of the COMP_WORDBREAKS variable. Removing `:' from that value is
enough to make the colon not special to completion:
COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
You can also quote the colon with a backslash to achieve the same result
temporarily.
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
@@ -1579,6 +1624,9 @@ this. These variables can be set in your .inputrc or using the bash
The `set' commands between the single quotes may also be placed
in ~/.inputrc.
The script examples/scripts.noah/meta.bash encapsulates the bind
commands in a shell function.
G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but
still invoke the command from within the function?
@@ -1752,20 +1800,26 @@ ftp.cwru.edu in the `pub/bash' directory.
Cameron Newham and Bill Rosenblatt have written a book on bash, published
by O'Reilly and Associates. The book is based on Bill Rosenblatt's Korn
Shell book. The title is ``Learning the Bash Shell'', and the ISBN number
is 1-56592-147-X. Look for it in fine bookstores near you. This book
covers bash-1.14, but has an appendix describing some of the new features
in bash-2.0.
A second edition of this book is available, published in January, 1998.
The ISBN number is 1-56592-347-2. Look for it in the same fine bookstores
or on the web.
of the third edition, published in March, 2005, is 0-596-00965-8. Look for
it in fine bookstores near you. This edition of the book has been updated
to cover bash-3.0.
The GNU Bash Reference Manual has been published as a printed book by
Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Feb 2003). It covers
bash-2.0 and is available from most online bookstores (see
Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Nov. 2006). It covers
bash-3.2 and is available from most online bookstores (see
http://www.network-theory.co.uk/bash/manual/ for details). The publisher
will donate $1 to the Free Software Foundation for each copy sold.
Arnold Robbins and Nelson Beebe have written ``Classic Shell Scripting'',
published by O'Reilly. The first edition, with ISBN number 0-596-00595-4,
was published in May, 2005.
Chris F. A. Johnson, a frequent contributor to comp.unix.shell and
gnu.bash.bug, has written ``Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution
Approach,'' a new book on shell scripting, concentrating on features of
the POSIX standard helpful to shell script writers. The first edition from
Apress, with ISBN number 1-59059-471-1, was published in May, 2005.
H3) What's coming in future versions?
These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash.
@@ -1784,16 +1838,15 @@ a bash programmer's guide with a chapter on creating loadable builtins
a better loadable interface to perl with access to the shell builtins and
variables (contributions gratefully accepted)
ksh93-like `nameref' variables
ksh93-like `+=' variable assignment operator
ksh93-like `xx.yy' variables (including some of the .sh.* variables) and
associated disipline functions
Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing
H5) When will the next release appear?
The next version will appear sometime in 2005. Never make predictions.
The next version will appear sometime in 2007. Never make predictions.
This document is Copyright 1995-2004 by Chester Ramey.
This document is Copyright 1995-2006 by Chester Ramey.
Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute
doc/faq.news
+114 -61
View File
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
Newsgroups: comp.unix.shell,comp.unix.questions
Distribution: world
From: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
Subject: BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.30)
Subject: BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.35)
Organization: Case Western Reserve University
Summary: A's to Q's about BASH, the Bourne-Again SHell
Reply-To: chet@po.cwru.edu
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ Followup-To: poster
Archive-name: unix-faq/shell/bash
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Submitted-By: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
Last-Modified: Mon Feb 14 11:57:02 EST 2005
FAQ-Version: 3.30
Bash-Version: 3.0
Last-Modified: Thu Dec 14 11:34:54 EST 2006
FAQ-Version: 3.35
Bash-Version: 3.2
URL: ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/FAQ
Maintainer: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.30, for Bash version 3.0.
This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.35, for Bash version 3.2.
This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Another good source of basic information about shells is the collection
of FAQ articles periodically posted to comp.unix.shell.
Questions and comments concerning this document should be sent to
chet@po.cwru.edu.
chet.ramey@case.edu.
This document is available for anonymous FTP with the URL
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
Section B: The latest version
B1) What's new in version 3.0?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.0 and
bash-1.14.7?
B1) What's new in version 3.2?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
bash-2.05b?
Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'?
E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
notice the change?
E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect?
E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
@@ -158,26 +159,26 @@ of Case Western Reserve University.
A2) What's the latest version?
The latest version is 3.0, first made available on 27 July, 2004.
The latest version is 3.2, first made available on 12 October, 2006.
A3) Where can I get it?
Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the
master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The
latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu.
The following URLs tell how to get version 3.0:
The following URLs tell how to get version 3.2:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
Any patches for the current version are available with the URL:
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.0-patches/
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2-patches/
A4) On what machines will bash run?
@@ -208,10 +209,10 @@ of their CYGWIN project. For more information about the project, see
http://www.cygwin.com/.
Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their
early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done a
port of bash-2.05b to the CYGWIN environment, and it is available as
part of their current release. Bash-3.0 is currently being tested and
should be available soon.
early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done
ports of bash-2.05b and bash-3.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
are available as part of their current release. Bash-3.2 is currently
being tested and should be available soon.
Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to
build and run under CYGWIN.
@@ -233,7 +234,8 @@ ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204s.zip source
Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status.
Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services
for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix.
for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems
with building bash-3.1 or bash-3.2.
A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
@@ -402,15 +404,33 @@ They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual
Section B: The latest version
B1) What's new in version 3.0?
B1) What's new in version 3.2?
Bash-3.0 is the third major release of bash. The features introduced
in the intermediate releases following bash-2.05 have been completed.
Support for the bash debugger (a separate project) has been integrated.
Bash-3.2 is the second maintenance release of the third major release of
bash. It contains the following significant new features (see the manual
page for complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the
bash-3.2 distribution).
Bash-3.0 contains the following new features (see the manual page for
complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-3.0
distribution):
o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
characters when deciding whether or not a script is a binary file.
o Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ (regexp) operator now
forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
Bash-3.1 contained the following new features:
o Bash-3.1 may now be configured and built in a mode that enforces strict
POSIX compliance.
o The `+=' assignment operator, which appends to the value of a string or
array variable, has been implemented.
o It is now possible to ignore case when matching in contexts other than
filename generation using the new `nocasematch' shell option.
Bash-3.0 contained the following new features:
o Features to support the bash debugger have been implemented, and there
is a new `extdebug' option to turn the non-default options on
@@ -440,8 +460,6 @@ o The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
o The `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated, and the shell
messages may be translated into other languages
A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
Bash-2.05b introduced the following new features:
o support for multibyte characters has been added to both bash and readline
@@ -649,10 +667,10 @@ grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone)
lots of code now smaller and faster
test suite greatly expanded
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.0 and
bash-1.14.7?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
bash-2.05b?
There are a few incompatibilities between version 1.14.7 and version 3.0.
There are a few incompatibilities between version 2.05b and version 3.2.
They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution. That file
is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to bash-maintainers@gnu.org
if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
@@ -706,7 +724,7 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u,
readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o,
set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P,
unset -f/-v, ulimit -m/-p/-u,
unset -f/-v, ulimit -i/-m/-p/-q/-u/-x,
type -a/-p/-t/-f/-P, suspend -f, kill -n,
test -o optname/s1 == s2/s1 < s2/s1 > s2/-nt/-ot/-ef/-O/-G/-S
bash reads ~/.bashrc for interactive shells, $ENV for non-interactive
@@ -735,11 +753,12 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing
variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command,
even for builtins and functions
posix mode
posix mode and strict posix conformance
redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr,
/dev/tcp/host/port, /dev/udp/host/port
debugger support, including `caller' builtin and new variables
RETURN trap
the `+=' assignment operator
Things sh has that bash does not:
@@ -801,8 +820,8 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
set -o braceexpand/-o histexpand/-o interactive-comments/
-o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/
-h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type,
typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -u, umask -S, alias -p, shopt,
disown, printf, complete, compgen
typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -i/-q/-u/-x, umask -S, alias -p,
shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen
`!' csh-style history expansion
POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
@@ -817,6 +836,7 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
RETURN trap
Timestamps in history entries
{x..y} brace expansion
The `+=' assignment operator
Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not:
tracked aliases (alias -t)
@@ -844,7 +864,7 @@ Implementation differences:
C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.0:
New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.2:
associative arrays
floating point arithmetic and variables
math library functions
@@ -863,7 +883,6 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.0:
`fc' has been renamed to `hist'
`.' can execute shell functions
exit statuses between 0 and 255
`+=' variable assignment operator
FPATH and PATH mixing
getopts -a
-I invocation option
@@ -871,7 +890,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.0:
lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.0:
New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.2:
[n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command
?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators
@@ -897,6 +916,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.0:
command name completion
ENV processed only for interactive shells
set -o pipefail
The `+=' assignment operator
Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
@@ -1120,9 +1140,8 @@ will try to write on a pipe without a reader. In that case, bash
will print `Broken pipe' to stderr when ps is killed by a
SIGPIPE.
You can build a version of bash that will not report SIGPIPE errors
by uncommenting the definition of DONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE in the file
config-top.h.
As of bash-3.1, bash does not report SIGPIPE errors by default. You
can build a version of bash that will report such errors.
E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash
wrap lines at the wrong column?
@@ -1149,12 +1168,12 @@ simple calls to `read'. For example, piping a command's output
into a `while' loop that repeatedly calls `read' will result in
the same behavior.
Each element of a pipeline runs in a separate process, a child of
the shell running the pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its
parent's environment. When the `read' command sets the variable
to the input, that variable is set only in the subshell, not the
parent shell. When the subshell exits, the value of the variable
is lost.
Each element of a pipeline, even a builtin or shell function,
runs in a separate process, a child of the shell running the
pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its parent's environment.
When the `read' command sets the variable to the input, that
variable is set only in the subshell, not the parent shell. When
the subshell exits, the value of the variable is lost.
Many pipelines that end with `read variable' can be converted
into command substitutions, which will capture the output of
@@ -1398,6 +1417,32 @@ expanded value of param is unset or null, and $param otherwise.
To use negative offsets that begin with a minus sign, separate the
minus sign and the colon with a space.
E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
Filename completion (and word completion in general) may appear to behave
improperly if there is a colon in the word to be completed.
The colon is special to readline's word completion code: it is one of the
characters that breaks words for the completer. Readline uses these characters
in sort of the same way that bash uses $IFS: they break or separate the words
the completion code hands to the application-specific or default word
completion functions. The original intent was to make it easy to edit
colon-separated lists (such as $PATH in bash) in various applications using
readline for input.
This is complicated by the fact that some versions of the popular
`bash-completion' programmable completion package have problems with the
default completion behavior in the presence of colons.
The current set of completion word break characters is available in bash as
the value of the COMP_WORDBREAKS variable. Removing `:' from that value is
enough to make the colon not special to completion:
COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
You can also quote the colon with a backslash to achieve the same result
temporarily.
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
@@ -1583,6 +1628,9 @@ this. These variables can be set in your .inputrc or using the bash
The `set' commands between the single quotes may also be placed
in ~/.inputrc.
The script examples/scripts.noah/meta.bash encapsulates the bind
commands in a shell function.
G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but
still invoke the command from within the function?
@@ -1756,20 +1804,26 @@ ftp.cwru.edu in the `pub/bash' directory.
Cameron Newham and Bill Rosenblatt have written a book on bash, published
by O'Reilly and Associates. The book is based on Bill Rosenblatt's Korn
Shell book. The title is ``Learning the Bash Shell'', and the ISBN number
is 1-56592-147-X. Look for it in fine bookstores near you. This book
covers bash-1.14, but has an appendix describing some of the new features
in bash-2.0.
A second edition of this book is available, published in January, 1998.
The ISBN number is 1-56592-347-2. Look for it in the same fine bookstores
or on the web.
of the third edition, published in March, 2005, is 0-596-00965-8. Look for
it in fine bookstores near you. This edition of the book has been updated
to cover bash-3.0.
The GNU Bash Reference Manual has been published as a printed book by
Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Feb 2003). It covers
bash-2.0 and is available from most online bookstores (see
Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Nov. 2006). It covers
bash-3.2 and is available from most online bookstores (see
http://www.network-theory.co.uk/bash/manual/ for details). The publisher
will donate $1 to the Free Software Foundation for each copy sold.
Arnold Robbins and Nelson Beebe have written ``Classic Shell Scripting'',
published by O'Reilly. The first edition, with ISBN number 0-596-00595-4,
was published in May, 2005.
Chris F. A. Johnson, a frequent contributor to comp.unix.shell and
gnu.bash.bug, has written ``Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution
Approach,'' a new book on shell scripting, concentrating on features of
the POSIX standard helpful to shell script writers. The first edition from
Apress, with ISBN number 1-59059-471-1, was published in May, 2005.
H3) What's coming in future versions?
These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash.
@@ -1788,16 +1842,15 @@ a bash programmer's guide with a chapter on creating loadable builtins
a better loadable interface to perl with access to the shell builtins and
variables (contributions gratefully accepted)
ksh93-like `nameref' variables
ksh93-like `+=' variable assignment operator
ksh93-like `xx.yy' variables (including some of the .sh.* variables) and
associated disipline functions
Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing
H5) When will the next release appear?
The next version will appear sometime in 2005. Never make predictions.
The next version will appear sometime in 2007. Never make predictions.
This document is Copyright 1995-2004 by Chester Ramey.
This document is Copyright 1995-2006 by Chester Ramey.
Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute
doc/faq.news2
+114 -61
View File
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Newsgroups: comp.unix.shell,comp.unix.questions,comp.answers,news.answers
From: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
Subject: [gnu.bash.bug] BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.30)
Subject: [gnu.bash.bug] BASH Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ version 3.35)
Organization: Case Western Reserve University
Summary: A's to Q's about BASH, the Bourne-Again SHell
Reply-To: chet@po.cwru.edu
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU
Archive-name: unix-faq/shell/bash
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Submitted-By: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
Last-Modified: Mon Feb 14 11:57:02 EST 2005
FAQ-Version: 3.30
Bash-Version: 3.0
Last-Modified: Thu Dec 14 11:34:54 EST 2006
FAQ-Version: 3.35
Bash-Version: 3.2
URL: ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/FAQ
Maintainer: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.30, for Bash version 3.0.
This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.35, for Bash version 3.2.
This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Another good source of basic information about shells is the collection
of FAQ articles periodically posted to comp.unix.shell.
Questions and comments concerning this document should be sent to
chet@po.cwru.edu.
chet.ramey@case.edu.
This document is available for anonymous FTP with the URL
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
Section B: The latest version
B1) What's new in version 3.0?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.0 and
bash-1.14.7?
B1) What's new in version 3.2?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
bash-2.05b?
Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'?
E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
notice the change?
E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect?
E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
@@ -158,26 +159,26 @@ of Case Western Reserve University.
A2) What's the latest version?
The latest version is 3.0, first made available on 27 July, 2004.
The latest version is 3.2, first made available on 12 October, 2006.
A3) Where can I get it?
Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the
master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The
latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu.
The following URLs tell how to get version 3.0:
The following URLs tell how to get version 3.2:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
Any patches for the current version are available with the URL:
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.0-patches/
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2-patches/
A4) On what machines will bash run?
@@ -208,10 +209,10 @@ of their CYGWIN project. For more information about the project, see
http://www.cygwin.com/.
Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their
early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done a
port of bash-2.05b to the CYGWIN environment, and it is available as
part of their current release. Bash-3.0 is currently being tested and
should be available soon.
early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done
ports of bash-2.05b and bash-3.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
are available as part of their current release. Bash-3.2 is currently
being tested and should be available soon.
Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to
build and run under CYGWIN.
@@ -233,7 +234,8 @@ ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204s.zip source
Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status.
Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services
for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix.
for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems
with building bash-3.1 or bash-3.2.
A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
@@ -402,15 +404,33 @@ They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual
Section B: The latest version
B1) What's new in version 3.0?
B1) What's new in version 3.2?
Bash-3.0 is the third major release of bash. The features introduced
in the intermediate releases following bash-2.05 have been completed.
Support for the bash debugger (a separate project) has been integrated.
Bash-3.2 is the second maintenance release of the third major release of
bash. It contains the following significant new features (see the manual
page for complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the
bash-3.2 distribution).
Bash-3.0 contains the following new features (see the manual page for
complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-3.0
distribution):
o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
characters when deciding whether or not a script is a binary file.
o Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ (regexp) operator now
forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
Bash-3.1 contained the following new features:
o Bash-3.1 may now be configured and built in a mode that enforces strict
POSIX compliance.
o The `+=' assignment operator, which appends to the value of a string or
array variable, has been implemented.
o It is now possible to ignore case when matching in contexts other than
filename generation using the new `nocasematch' shell option.
Bash-3.0 contained the following new features:
o Features to support the bash debugger have been implemented, and there
is a new `extdebug' option to turn the non-default options on
@@ -440,8 +460,6 @@ o The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
o The `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated, and the shell
messages may be translated into other languages
A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
Bash-2.05b introduced the following new features:
o support for multibyte characters has been added to both bash and readline
@@ -649,10 +667,10 @@ grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone)
lots of code now smaller and faster
test suite greatly expanded
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.0 and
bash-1.14.7?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
bash-2.05b?
There are a few incompatibilities between version 1.14.7 and version 3.0.
There are a few incompatibilities between version 2.05b and version 3.2.
They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution. That file
is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to bash-maintainers@gnu.org
if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
@@ -706,7 +724,7 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u,
readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o,
set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P,
unset -f/-v, ulimit -m/-p/-u,
unset -f/-v, ulimit -i/-m/-p/-q/-u/-x,
type -a/-p/-t/-f/-P, suspend -f, kill -n,
test -o optname/s1 == s2/s1 < s2/s1 > s2/-nt/-ot/-ef/-O/-G/-S
bash reads ~/.bashrc for interactive shells, $ENV for non-interactive
@@ -735,11 +753,12 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing
variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command,
even for builtins and functions
posix mode
posix mode and strict posix conformance
redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr,
/dev/tcp/host/port, /dev/udp/host/port
debugger support, including `caller' builtin and new variables
RETURN trap
the `+=' assignment operator
Things sh has that bash does not:
@@ -801,8 +820,8 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
set -o braceexpand/-o histexpand/-o interactive-comments/
-o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/
-h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type,
typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -u, umask -S, alias -p, shopt,
disown, printf, complete, compgen
typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -i/-q/-u/-x, umask -S, alias -p,
shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen
`!' csh-style history expansion
POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
@@ -817,6 +836,7 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
RETURN trap
Timestamps in history entries
{x..y} brace expansion
The `+=' assignment operator
Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not:
tracked aliases (alias -t)
@@ -844,7 +864,7 @@ Implementation differences:
C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.0:
New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.2:
associative arrays
floating point arithmetic and variables
math library functions
@@ -863,7 +883,6 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.0:
`fc' has been renamed to `hist'
`.' can execute shell functions
exit statuses between 0 and 255
`+=' variable assignment operator
FPATH and PATH mixing
getopts -a
-I invocation option
@@ -871,7 +890,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.0:
lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.0:
New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.2:
[n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command
?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators
@@ -897,6 +916,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.0:
command name completion
ENV processed only for interactive shells
set -o pipefail
The `+=' assignment operator
Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
@@ -1120,9 +1140,8 @@ will try to write on a pipe without a reader. In that case, bash
will print `Broken pipe' to stderr when ps is killed by a
SIGPIPE.
You can build a version of bash that will not report SIGPIPE errors
by uncommenting the definition of DONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE in the file
config-top.h.
As of bash-3.1, bash does not report SIGPIPE errors by default. You
can build a version of bash that will report such errors.
E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash
wrap lines at the wrong column?
@@ -1149,12 +1168,12 @@ simple calls to `read'. For example, piping a command's output
into a `while' loop that repeatedly calls `read' will result in
the same behavior.
Each element of a pipeline runs in a separate process, a child of
the shell running the pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its
parent's environment. When the `read' command sets the variable
to the input, that variable is set only in the subshell, not the
parent shell. When the subshell exits, the value of the variable
is lost.
Each element of a pipeline, even a builtin or shell function,
runs in a separate process, a child of the shell running the
pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its parent's environment.
When the `read' command sets the variable to the input, that
variable is set only in the subshell, not the parent shell. When
the subshell exits, the value of the variable is lost.
Many pipelines that end with `read variable' can be converted
into command substitutions, which will capture the output of
@@ -1398,6 +1417,32 @@ expanded value of param is unset or null, and $param otherwise.
To use negative offsets that begin with a minus sign, separate the
minus sign and the colon with a space.
E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
Filename completion (and word completion in general) may appear to behave
improperly if there is a colon in the word to be completed.
The colon is special to readline's word completion code: it is one of the
characters that breaks words for the completer. Readline uses these characters
in sort of the same way that bash uses $IFS: they break or separate the words
the completion code hands to the application-specific or default word
completion functions. The original intent was to make it easy to edit
colon-separated lists (such as $PATH in bash) in various applications using
readline for input.
This is complicated by the fact that some versions of the popular
`bash-completion' programmable completion package have problems with the
default completion behavior in the presence of colons.
The current set of completion word break characters is available in bash as
the value of the COMP_WORDBREAKS variable. Removing `:' from that value is
enough to make the colon not special to completion:
COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
You can also quote the colon with a backslash to achieve the same result
temporarily.
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
@@ -1583,6 +1628,9 @@ this. These variables can be set in your .inputrc or using the bash
The `set' commands between the single quotes may also be placed
in ~/.inputrc.
The script examples/scripts.noah/meta.bash encapsulates the bind
commands in a shell function.
G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but
still invoke the command from within the function?
@@ -1756,20 +1804,26 @@ ftp.cwru.edu in the `pub/bash' directory.
Cameron Newham and Bill Rosenblatt have written a book on bash, published
by O'Reilly and Associates. The book is based on Bill Rosenblatt's Korn
Shell book. The title is ``Learning the Bash Shell'', and the ISBN number
is 1-56592-147-X. Look for it in fine bookstores near you. This book
covers bash-1.14, but has an appendix describing some of the new features
in bash-2.0.
A second edition of this book is available, published in January, 1998.
The ISBN number is 1-56592-347-2. Look for it in the same fine bookstores
or on the web.
of the third edition, published in March, 2005, is 0-596-00965-8. Look for
it in fine bookstores near you. This edition of the book has been updated
to cover bash-3.0.
The GNU Bash Reference Manual has been published as a printed book by
Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Feb 2003). It covers
bash-2.0 and is available from most online bookstores (see
Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Nov. 2006). It covers
bash-3.2 and is available from most online bookstores (see
http://www.network-theory.co.uk/bash/manual/ for details). The publisher
will donate $1 to the Free Software Foundation for each copy sold.
Arnold Robbins and Nelson Beebe have written ``Classic Shell Scripting'',
published by O'Reilly. The first edition, with ISBN number 0-596-00595-4,
was published in May, 2005.
Chris F. A. Johnson, a frequent contributor to comp.unix.shell and
gnu.bash.bug, has written ``Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution
Approach,'' a new book on shell scripting, concentrating on features of
the POSIX standard helpful to shell script writers. The first edition from
Apress, with ISBN number 1-59059-471-1, was published in May, 2005.
H3) What's coming in future versions?
These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash.
@@ -1788,16 +1842,15 @@ a bash programmer's guide with a chapter on creating loadable builtins
a better loadable interface to perl with access to the shell builtins and
variables (contributions gratefully accepted)
ksh93-like `nameref' variables
ksh93-like `+=' variable assignment operator
ksh93-like `xx.yy' variables (including some of the .sh.* variables) and
associated disipline functions
Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing
H5) When will the next release appear?
The next version will appear sometime in 2005. Never make predictions.
The next version will appear sometime in 2007. Never make predictions.
This document is Copyright 1995-2004 by Chester Ramey.
This document is Copyright 1995-2006 by Chester Ramey.
Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute
doc/faq.version
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@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
Archive-name: unix-faq/shell/bash
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Submitted-By: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
Last-Modified: Mon Feb 14 11:57:02 EST 2005
FAQ-Version: 3.30
Bash-Version: 3.0
Last-Modified: Thu Dec 14 11:34:54 EST 2006
FAQ-Version: 3.35
Bash-Version: 3.2
URL: ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/FAQ
Maintainer: chet@po.cwru.edu (Chet Ramey)
doc/rbash.ps
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.1
%%CreationDate: Thu Jan 26 11:18:52 2006
%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 16 11:15:09 2007
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 1
doc/version.texi
+4 -4
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@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
@ignore
Copyright (C) 1988-2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1988-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
@set LASTCHANGE Thu Jan 26 09:05:01 EST 2006
@set LASTCHANGE Fri Jan 12 16:29:58 EST 2007
@set EDITION 3.2
@set VERSION 3.2
@set UPDATED 26 January 2006
@set UPDATED-MONTH January 2006
@set UPDATED 12 January 2007
@set UPDATED-MONTH January 2007