mirror of
https://https.git.savannah.gnu.org/git/bash.git
synced 2026-08-11 04:30:44 +02:00
Initial devel branch import from bash-3.0-alpha
This commit is contained in:
Chet Ramey
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.20, for Bash version 2.05b.
|
||||
This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.26, for Bash version 2.05b.
|
||||
|
||||
This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
|
||||
Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command
|
||||
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
|
||||
A7) How can I make bash my login shell?
|
||||
A8) I just changed my login shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my
|
||||
machine. Why not?
|
||||
A9) What's the `POSIX 1003.2 standard'?
|
||||
A9) What's the `POSIX Shell and Utilities standard'?
|
||||
A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
|
||||
|
||||
Section B: The latest version
|
||||
@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@ E8) Why does the arithmetic evaluation code complain about `08'?
|
||||
E9) Why does the pattern matching expression [A-Z]* match files beginning
|
||||
with every letter except `z'?
|
||||
E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'?
|
||||
E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
|
||||
notice the change?
|
||||
E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect?
|
||||
|
||||
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -271,7 +274,8 @@ it is invoked as a login shell.
|
||||
|
||||
Next, add a line similar to the above to ~/.profile:
|
||||
|
||||
[ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
|
||||
[ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && [ -x /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && \
|
||||
exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
|
||||
|
||||
This will cause login shells to replace themselves with bash running as
|
||||
a login shell. Once you have this working, you can copy your initialization
|
||||
@@ -325,7 +329,7 @@ this before you can make bash your login shell.
|
||||
Most versions of ftpd use this file to prohibit `special' users
|
||||
such as `uucp' and `news' from using FTP.
|
||||
|
||||
A9) What's the `POSIX 1003.2 standard'?
|
||||
A9) What's the `POSIX Shell and Utilities standard'?
|
||||
|
||||
POSIX is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman for a
|
||||
family of open system standards based on UNIX. There are a
|
||||
@@ -335,44 +339,50 @@ call and C library level to applications and tools to system
|
||||
administration and management. Each area of standardization is
|
||||
assigned to a working group in the 1003 series.
|
||||
|
||||
The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard has been developed by IEEE
|
||||
Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2). It concentrates on the command
|
||||
interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from
|
||||
the command line or by other programs. An initial version of the
|
||||
standard has been approved and published by the IEEE, and work is
|
||||
currently underway to update it.
|
||||
The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard was originally developed by
|
||||
IEEE Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2). Today it has been merged with
|
||||
the original 1003.1 Working Group and is maintained by the Austin
|
||||
Group (a joint working group of the IEEE, The Open Group and
|
||||
ISO/IEC SC22/WG15). Today the Shell and Utilities are a volume
|
||||
within the set of documents that make up IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, and
|
||||
thus now the former POSIX.2 (from 1992) is now part of the current
|
||||
POSIX.1 standard (POSIX 1003.1-2001).
|
||||
|
||||
Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior
|
||||
defined by POSIX.2. The shell command language has of course
|
||||
been standardized, including the basic flow control and program
|
||||
execution constructs, I/O redirection and pipelining, argument
|
||||
handling, variable expansion, and quoting.
|
||||
The Shell and Utilities volume concentrates on the command
|
||||
interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from
|
||||
the command line or by other programs. The standard is freely
|
||||
available on the web at http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version3/ .
|
||||
Work continues at the Austin Group on maintenance issues; see
|
||||
http://www.opengroup.org/austin/ to join the discussions.
|
||||
|
||||
Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior defined
|
||||
by the POSIX Shell and Utilities volume. The shell command
|
||||
language has of course been standardized, including the basic flow
|
||||
control and program execution constructs, I/O redirection and
|
||||
pipelining, argument handling, variable expansion, and quoting.
|
||||
|
||||
The `special' builtins, which must be implemented as part of the
|
||||
shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as
|
||||
being part of the shell; examples of these are `eval' and
|
||||
`export'. Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX.2 not
|
||||
`export'. Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX not
|
||||
devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must
|
||||
be) implemented as builtin commands, such as `read' and `test'.
|
||||
POSIX.2 also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive
|
||||
POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive
|
||||
behavior as part of the UPE, including job control and command
|
||||
line editing. Only vi-style line editing commands have been
|
||||
standardized; emacs editing commands were left out due to
|
||||
objections.
|
||||
|
||||
The Open Group has made an older version of its Single Unix
|
||||
Specification (version 2), which is very similar to POSIX.2,
|
||||
available on the web at
|
||||
The latest version of the POSIX Shell and Utilities standard is
|
||||
available (now updated to the 2003 Edition incorporating the
|
||||
Technical Corrigendum 1), as part of the Single UNIX Specification
|
||||
Version 3 at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/
|
||||
|
||||
The Single Unix Specification, version 3, is available on the web at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904975/
|
||||
http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version3/
|
||||
|
||||
A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
|
||||
|
||||
Although bash is an implementation of the POSIX.2 shell
|
||||
Although bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell
|
||||
specification, there are areas where the bash default behavior
|
||||
differs from that spec. The bash `posix mode' changes the bash
|
||||
behavior in these areas so that it obeys the spec more closely.
|
||||
@@ -821,6 +831,8 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-2.05b:
|
||||
-I invocation option
|
||||
DEBUG trap now executed before each simple command, instead of after
|
||||
printf %H, %P, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d
|
||||
lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
|
||||
no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
|
||||
|
||||
New things in ksh-93 present in bash-2.05b:
|
||||
[n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
|
||||
@@ -1305,6 +1317,49 @@ This is, I presume, for historical compatibility. Certain versions of
|
||||
Unix, and early network file systems, used paths of the form
|
||||
//hostname/path to access `path' on server `hostname'.
|
||||
|
||||
E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
|
||||
notice the change?
|
||||
|
||||
This is another issue that deals with job control.
|
||||
|
||||
The kernel maintains a notion of a current terminal process group. Members
|
||||
of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the
|
||||
current terminal process group ID) receive terminal-generated signals like
|
||||
SIGWINCH. (For more details, see the JOB CONTROL section of the bash
|
||||
man page.)
|
||||
|
||||
If a terminal is resized, the kernel sends SIGWINCH to each member of
|
||||
the terminal's current process group (the `foreground' process group).
|
||||
|
||||
When bash is running with job control enabled, each pipeline (which may be
|
||||
a single command) is run in its own process group, different from bash's
|
||||
process group. This foreground process group receives the SIGWINCH; bash
|
||||
does not. Bash has no way of knowing that the terminal has been resized.
|
||||
|
||||
There is a `checkwinsize' option, settable with the `shopt' builtin, that
|
||||
will cause bash to check the window size and adjust its idea of the
|
||||
terminal's dimensions each time a process stops or exits and returns control
|
||||
of the terminal to bash. Enable it with `shopt -s checkwinsize'.
|
||||
|
||||
E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect?
|
||||
|
||||
When substring expansion of the form ${param:offset[:length} is used,
|
||||
an `offset' that evaluates to a number less than zero counts back from
|
||||
the end of the expanded value of $param.
|
||||
|
||||
When a negative `offset' begins with a minus sign, however, unexpected things
|
||||
can happen. Consider
|
||||
|
||||
a=12345678
|
||||
echo ${a:-4}
|
||||
|
||||
intending to print the last four characters of $a. The problem is that
|
||||
${param:-word} already has a well-defined meaning: expand to word if the
|
||||
expanded value of param is unset or null, and $param otherwise.
|
||||
|
||||
To use negative offsets that begin with a minus sign, separate the
|
||||
minus sign and the colon with a space.
|
||||
|
||||
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
|
||||
|
||||
F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
|
||||
@@ -1671,6 +1726,12 @@ A second edition of this book is available, published in January, 1998.
|
||||
The ISBN number is 1-56592-347-2. Look for it in the same fine bookstores
|
||||
or on the web.
|
||||
|
||||
The GNU Bash Reference Manual has been published as a printed book by
|
||||
Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Feb 2003). It covers
|
||||
bash-2.0 and is available from most online bookstores (see
|
||||
http://www.network-theory.co.uk/bash/manual/ for details). The publisher
|
||||
will donate $1 to the Free Software Foundation for each copy sold.
|
||||
|
||||
H3) What's coming in future versions?
|
||||
|
||||
These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash.
|
||||
@@ -1698,10 +1759,10 @@ Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing
|
||||
|
||||
H5) When will the next release appear?
|
||||
|
||||
The next version will appear sometime in 2002. Never make predictions.
|
||||
The next version will appear sometime in 2003. Never make predictions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
This document is Copyright 1995-2002 by Chester Ramey.
|
||||
This document is Copyright 1995-2003 by Chester Ramey.
|
||||
|
||||
Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
|
||||
without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute
|
||||
|
||||
+24
-31
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
# This Makefile is for the Bash/documentation directory -*- text -*-.
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Copyright (C) 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
# Copyright (C) 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
|
||||
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||||
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||||
@@ -59,11 +59,14 @@ TEXI2DVI = ${topdir}/support/texi2dvi
|
||||
TEXI2HTML = ${topdir}/support/texi2html
|
||||
MAN2HTML = ${BUILD_DIR}/support/man2html
|
||||
HTMLPOST = ${srcdir}/htmlpost.sh
|
||||
INFOPOST = ${srcdir}/infopost.sh
|
||||
QUIETPS = #set this to -q to shut up dvips
|
||||
PAPERSIZE = letter # change to a4 for A4-size paper
|
||||
PSDPI = 300 # could be 600 if you like
|
||||
PSDPI = 600 # could be 300 if you like
|
||||
DVIPS = dvips -D ${PSDPI} $(QUIETPS) -t ${PAPERSIZE} -o $@ # tricky
|
||||
|
||||
TEXINPUTDIR = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc
|
||||
SET_TEXINPUTS = TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTDIR):$$TEXINPUTS
|
||||
|
||||
# These tools might not be available; they're not required
|
||||
DVIPDF = dvipdfm -o $@ -p ${PAPERSIZE}
|
||||
@@ -77,8 +80,10 @@ NROFF = groff -Tascii
|
||||
# This should be a program that converts troff to postscript
|
||||
GROFF = groff
|
||||
|
||||
HSUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/hsuser.texinfo
|
||||
RLUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/rluser.texinfo
|
||||
HSUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/hsuser.texi
|
||||
RLUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/rluser.texi
|
||||
|
||||
BASHREF_FILES = $(srcdir)/bashref.texi $(srcdir)/version.texi
|
||||
|
||||
.SUFFIXES: .0 .1 .3 .ms .ps .txt .dvi .html .pdf
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -122,10 +127,14 @@ RLUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/rluser.texinfo
|
||||
$(RM) $@
|
||||
-${DVIPDF} $<
|
||||
|
||||
.dvi.ps:
|
||||
${RM} $@
|
||||
-${DVIPS} $<
|
||||
|
||||
all: ps info dvi text html
|
||||
nodvi: ps info text html
|
||||
|
||||
PSFILES = bash.ps bashbug.ps article.ps builtins.ps rbash.ps
|
||||
PSFILES = bash.ps bashbug.ps article.ps builtins.ps rbash.ps
|
||||
DVIFILES = bashref.dvi bashref.ps
|
||||
INFOFILES = bashref.info
|
||||
MAN0FILES = bash.0 bashbug.0 builtins.0 rbash.0
|
||||
@@ -139,35 +148,17 @@ text: ${MAN0FILES}
|
||||
html: ${HTMLFILES}
|
||||
pdf: ${PDFFILES}
|
||||
|
||||
bashref.dvi: $(srcdir)/bashref.texi $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
|
||||
TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTDIR):$$TEXINPUTS $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
|
||||
bashref.dvi: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
|
||||
${SET_TEXINPUTS} $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
|
||||
|
||||
bashref.ps: bashref.dvi
|
||||
$(RM) $@
|
||||
$(DVIPS) bashref.dvi
|
||||
|
||||
bashref.info: $(srcdir)/bashref.texi $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
|
||||
bashref.info: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
|
||||
$(MAKEINFO) --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
|
||||
|
||||
bashref.html: bashref.texi $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
|
||||
bashref.html: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
|
||||
$(TEXI2HTML) -menu -monolithic -I $(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi
|
||||
|
||||
new-bashref.dvi: $(srcdir)/new-bashref.texi $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
|
||||
TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTDIR):$$TEXINPUTS $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/new-bashref.texi
|
||||
|
||||
new-bashref.ps: new-bashref.dvi
|
||||
$(RM) $@
|
||||
$(DVIPS) new-bashref.dvi
|
||||
|
||||
new-bashref.info: $(srcdir)/new-bashref.texi $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
|
||||
$(MAKEINFO) --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/new-bashref.texi
|
||||
|
||||
#bash.dvi: bash.texinfo $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER)
|
||||
# TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTDIR):$$TEXINPUTS $(TEXI2DVI) bash.texinfo
|
||||
#
|
||||
#bashman.ps: bash.dvi
|
||||
# $(RM) $@
|
||||
# $(DVIPS) bash.dvi
|
||||
bash.info: bashref.info
|
||||
${SHELL} ${INFOPOST} < bashref.info > $@
|
||||
|
||||
bash.txt: bash.1
|
||||
bash.ps: bash.1
|
||||
@@ -181,6 +172,8 @@ builtins.0: builtins.1 bash.1
|
||||
rbash.0: rbash.1 bash.1
|
||||
article.ps: article.ms
|
||||
|
||||
bashref.ps: bashref.dvi
|
||||
|
||||
article.pdf: article.ps
|
||||
bashref.pdf: bashref.dvi
|
||||
bash.pdf: bash.ps
|
||||
@@ -217,12 +210,12 @@ installdirs:
|
||||
test -d $(htmldir) || $(SHELL) ${MKDIRS} $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
install: info installdirs
|
||||
install: info installdirs bash.info
|
||||
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash${man1ext}
|
||||
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bashbug.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bashbug${man1ext}
|
||||
# uncomment the next line to install the builtins man page
|
||||
# -$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/builtins.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash_builtins${man1ext}
|
||||
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bashref.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info
|
||||
-$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info
|
||||
# run install-info if it is present to update the info directory
|
||||
if $(SHELL) -c 'install-info --version' >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
|
||||
install-info --dir-file=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/dir $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info; \
|
||||
|
||||
+448
-95
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
+1172
-351
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
+544
-175
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
+452
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
|
||||
|
||||
@node GNU Free Documentation License
|
||||
@appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License
|
||||
@center Version 1.2, November 2002
|
||||
|
||||
@display
|
||||
Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
|
||||
|
||||
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
||||
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
||||
@end display
|
||||
|
||||
@enumerate 0
|
||||
@item
|
||||
PREAMBLE
|
||||
|
||||
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
|
||||
functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
|
||||
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
|
||||
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
|
||||
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
|
||||
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
|
||||
for modifications made by others.
|
||||
|
||||
This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
|
||||
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
|
||||
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
|
||||
license designed for free software.
|
||||
|
||||
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
|
||||
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
|
||||
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
|
||||
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
|
||||
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
|
||||
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
|
||||
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
|
||||
|
||||
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
|
||||
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
|
||||
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
|
||||
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
|
||||
work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below,
|
||||
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
|
||||
licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you
|
||||
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
|
||||
under copyright law.
|
||||
|
||||
A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
|
||||
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
|
||||
modifications and/or translated into another language.
|
||||
|
||||
A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
|
||||
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
|
||||
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
|
||||
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
|
||||
directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
|
||||
part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
|
||||
any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
|
||||
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
|
||||
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
|
||||
them.
|
||||
|
||||
The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
|
||||
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
|
||||
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
|
||||
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
|
||||
allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
|
||||
Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
|
||||
Sections then there are none.
|
||||
|
||||
The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
|
||||
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
|
||||
the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
|
||||
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
|
||||
|
||||
A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
|
||||
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
|
||||
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
|
||||
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
|
||||
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
|
||||
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
|
||||
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
|
||||
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
|
||||
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
|
||||
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
|
||||
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
|
||||
of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
|
||||
|
||||
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
|
||||
@sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
|
||||
format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
|
||||
@acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML},
|
||||
PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples
|
||||
of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
|
||||
@acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
|
||||
read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
|
||||
@acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are
|
||||
not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
|
||||
PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
|
||||
output purposes only.
|
||||
|
||||
The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
|
||||
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
|
||||
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
|
||||
formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
|
||||
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
|
||||
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
|
||||
|
||||
A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
|
||||
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
|
||||
text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
|
||||
specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
|
||||
``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title''
|
||||
of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
|
||||
section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
|
||||
|
||||
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
|
||||
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
|
||||
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
|
||||
License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
|
||||
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
|
||||
no effect on the meaning of this License.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
VERBATIM COPYING
|
||||
|
||||
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
|
||||
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
|
||||
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
|
||||
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
|
||||
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
|
||||
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
|
||||
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
|
||||
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
|
||||
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
|
||||
|
||||
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
|
||||
you may publicly display copies.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
COPYING IN QUANTITY
|
||||
|
||||
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
|
||||
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
|
||||
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
|
||||
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
|
||||
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
|
||||
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
|
||||
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
|
||||
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
|
||||
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
|
||||
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
|
||||
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
|
||||
as verbatim copying in other respects.
|
||||
|
||||
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
|
||||
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
||||
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
|
||||
pages.
|
||||
|
||||
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
|
||||
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
|
||||
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
|
||||
a computer-network location from which the general network-using
|
||||
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
|
||||
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
|
||||
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
|
||||
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
|
||||
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
|
||||
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
|
||||
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
|
||||
edition to the public.
|
||||
|
||||
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
|
||||
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
|
||||
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
MODIFICATIONS
|
||||
|
||||
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
|
||||
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
|
||||
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
|
||||
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
|
||||
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
|
||||
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
|
||||
|
||||
@enumerate A
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
|
||||
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
|
||||
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
|
||||
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
|
||||
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
|
||||
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
|
||||
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
|
||||
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
|
||||
unless they release you from this requirement.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
|
||||
Modified Version, as the publisher.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
|
||||
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
|
||||
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
|
||||
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
|
||||
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
|
||||
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
|
||||
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
|
||||
there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
|
||||
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
|
||||
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
|
||||
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
|
||||
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
|
||||
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
|
||||
it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
|
||||
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
|
||||
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
|
||||
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
|
||||
the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
|
||||
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
|
||||
dedications given therein.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
|
||||
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
|
||||
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
|
||||
may not be included in the Modified Version.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
|
||||
to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
|
||||
@end enumerate
|
||||
|
||||
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
|
||||
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
|
||||
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
|
||||
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
|
||||
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
|
||||
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
|
||||
|
||||
You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
|
||||
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
|
||||
parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
|
||||
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
|
||||
standard.
|
||||
|
||||
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
|
||||
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
|
||||
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
|
||||
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
|
||||
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
|
||||
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
|
||||
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
|
||||
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
|
||||
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
|
||||
|
||||
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
|
||||
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
|
||||
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
COMBINING DOCUMENTS
|
||||
|
||||
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
|
||||
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
|
||||
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
|
||||
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
|
||||
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
|
||||
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
|
||||
|
||||
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
|
||||
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
|
||||
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
|
||||
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
|
||||
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
|
||||
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
|
||||
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
|
||||
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
|
||||
|
||||
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
|
||||
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
|
||||
``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
|
||||
and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all
|
||||
sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
|
||||
|
||||
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
|
||||
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
|
||||
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
|
||||
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
|
||||
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
|
||||
|
||||
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
|
||||
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
|
||||
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
|
||||
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
|
||||
|
||||
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
|
||||
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
|
||||
distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
|
||||
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
|
||||
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
|
||||
When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not
|
||||
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
|
||||
derivative works of the Document.
|
||||
|
||||
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
|
||||
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
|
||||
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
|
||||
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
|
||||
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
|
||||
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
|
||||
aggregate.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
TRANSLATION
|
||||
|
||||
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
|
||||
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
|
||||
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
|
||||
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
|
||||
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
|
||||
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
|
||||
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
|
||||
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
|
||||
the original English version of this License and the original versions
|
||||
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
|
||||
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
|
||||
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
|
||||
|
||||
If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
|
||||
``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
|
||||
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
|
||||
title.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
TERMINATION
|
||||
|
||||
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
|
||||
as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
|
||||
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
|
||||
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
|
||||
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
|
||||
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
|
||||
parties remain in full compliance.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
|
||||
|
||||
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
|
||||
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
|
||||
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
|
||||
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
|
||||
@uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
|
||||
|
||||
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
|
||||
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
|
||||
License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
|
||||
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
|
||||
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
|
||||
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
|
||||
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
|
||||
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
|
||||
@end enumerate
|
||||
|
||||
@page
|
||||
@appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
|
||||
|
||||
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
|
||||
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
|
||||
license notices just after the title page:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
@group
|
||||
Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
|
||||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
|
||||
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
||||
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
|
||||
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
|
||||
Free Documentation License''.
|
||||
@end group
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
|
||||
replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
@group
|
||||
with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
|
||||
the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
|
||||
being @var{list}.
|
||||
@end group
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
|
||||
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
|
||||
situation.
|
||||
|
||||
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
|
||||
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
|
||||
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
|
||||
to permit their use in free software.
|
||||
|
||||
@c Local Variables:
|
||||
@c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
|
||||
@c End:
|
||||
|
||||
+397
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
|
||||
GNU Free Documentation License
|
||||
Version 1.2, November 2002
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
|
||||
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
||||
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
0. PREAMBLE
|
||||
|
||||
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
|
||||
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
|
||||
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
|
||||
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
|
||||
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
|
||||
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
|
||||
for modifications made by others.
|
||||
|
||||
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
|
||||
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
|
||||
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
|
||||
license designed for free software.
|
||||
|
||||
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
|
||||
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
|
||||
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
|
||||
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
|
||||
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
|
||||
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
|
||||
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
|
||||
|
||||
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
|
||||
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
|
||||
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
|
||||
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
|
||||
work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
|
||||
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
|
||||
licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
|
||||
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
|
||||
under copyright law.
|
||||
|
||||
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
|
||||
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
|
||||
modifications and/or translated into another language.
|
||||
|
||||
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
|
||||
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
|
||||
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
|
||||
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
|
||||
within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
|
||||
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
|
||||
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
|
||||
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
|
||||
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
|
||||
them.
|
||||
|
||||
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
|
||||
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
|
||||
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
|
||||
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
|
||||
allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
|
||||
Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
|
||||
Sections then there are none.
|
||||
|
||||
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
|
||||
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
|
||||
the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
|
||||
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
|
||||
|
||||
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
|
||||
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
|
||||
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
|
||||
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
|
||||
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
|
||||
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
|
||||
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
|
||||
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
|
||||
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
|
||||
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
|
||||
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
|
||||
of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
|
||||
|
||||
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
|
||||
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
|
||||
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
|
||||
HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
|
||||
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
|
||||
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
|
||||
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
|
||||
processing tools are not generally available, and the
|
||||
machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
|
||||
processors for output purposes only.
|
||||
|
||||
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
|
||||
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
|
||||
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
|
||||
formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
|
||||
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
|
||||
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
|
||||
|
||||
A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
|
||||
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
|
||||
text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
|
||||
specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
|
||||
"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
|
||||
of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
|
||||
section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
|
||||
|
||||
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
|
||||
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
|
||||
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
|
||||
License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
|
||||
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
|
||||
no effect on the meaning of this License.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
2. VERBATIM COPYING
|
||||
|
||||
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
|
||||
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
|
||||
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
|
||||
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
|
||||
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
|
||||
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
|
||||
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
|
||||
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
|
||||
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
|
||||
|
||||
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
|
||||
you may publicly display copies.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
|
||||
|
||||
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
|
||||
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
|
||||
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
|
||||
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
|
||||
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
|
||||
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
|
||||
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
|
||||
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
|
||||
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
|
||||
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
|
||||
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
|
||||
as verbatim copying in other respects.
|
||||
|
||||
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
|
||||
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
||||
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
|
||||
pages.
|
||||
|
||||
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
|
||||
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
|
||||
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
|
||||
a computer-network location from which the general network-using
|
||||
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
|
||||
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
|
||||
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
|
||||
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
|
||||
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
|
||||
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
|
||||
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
|
||||
edition to the public.
|
||||
|
||||
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
|
||||
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
|
||||
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4. MODIFICATIONS
|
||||
|
||||
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
|
||||
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
|
||||
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
|
||||
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
|
||||
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
|
||||
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
|
||||
|
||||
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
|
||||
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
|
||||
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
|
||||
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
|
||||
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
|
||||
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
|
||||
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
|
||||
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
|
||||
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
|
||||
unless they release you from this requirement.
|
||||
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
|
||||
Modified Version, as the publisher.
|
||||
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
|
||||
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
|
||||
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
|
||||
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
|
||||
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
|
||||
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
|
||||
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
|
||||
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
|
||||
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
|
||||
I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
|
||||
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
|
||||
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
|
||||
there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
|
||||
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
|
||||
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
|
||||
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
|
||||
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
|
||||
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
|
||||
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
|
||||
it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
|
||||
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
|
||||
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
|
||||
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
|
||||
K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
|
||||
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
|
||||
the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
|
||||
and/or dedications given therein.
|
||||
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
|
||||
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
|
||||
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
|
||||
M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
|
||||
may not be included in the Modified Version.
|
||||
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
|
||||
or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
|
||||
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
|
||||
|
||||
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
|
||||
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
|
||||
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
|
||||
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
|
||||
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
|
||||
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
|
||||
|
||||
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
|
||||
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
|
||||
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
|
||||
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
|
||||
standard.
|
||||
|
||||
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
|
||||
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
|
||||
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
|
||||
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
|
||||
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
|
||||
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
|
||||
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
|
||||
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
|
||||
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
|
||||
|
||||
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
|
||||
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
|
||||
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
|
||||
|
||||
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
|
||||
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
|
||||
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
|
||||
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
|
||||
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
|
||||
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
|
||||
|
||||
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
|
||||
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
|
||||
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
|
||||
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
|
||||
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
|
||||
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
|
||||
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
|
||||
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
|
||||
|
||||
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
|
||||
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
|
||||
"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
|
||||
and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
|
||||
Entitled "Endorsements".
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
|
||||
|
||||
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
|
||||
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
|
||||
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
|
||||
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
|
||||
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
|
||||
|
||||
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
|
||||
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
|
||||
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
|
||||
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
|
||||
|
||||
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
|
||||
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
|
||||
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
|
||||
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
|
||||
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
|
||||
When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not
|
||||
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
|
||||
derivative works of the Document.
|
||||
|
||||
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
|
||||
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
|
||||
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
|
||||
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
|
||||
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
|
||||
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
|
||||
aggregate.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
8. TRANSLATION
|
||||
|
||||
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
|
||||
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
|
||||
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
|
||||
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
|
||||
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
|
||||
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
|
||||
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
|
||||
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
|
||||
the original English version of this License and the original versions
|
||||
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
|
||||
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
|
||||
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
|
||||
|
||||
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
|
||||
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
|
||||
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
|
||||
title.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
9. TERMINATION
|
||||
|
||||
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
|
||||
as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
|
||||
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
|
||||
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
|
||||
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
|
||||
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
|
||||
parties remain in full compliance.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
|
||||
|
||||
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
|
||||
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
|
||||
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
|
||||
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
|
||||
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
|
||||
|
||||
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
|
||||
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
|
||||
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
|
||||
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
|
||||
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
|
||||
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
|
||||
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
|
||||
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
|
||||
|
||||
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
|
||||
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
|
||||
license notices just after the title page:
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
|
||||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
|
||||
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
||||
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
|
||||
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
|
||||
Free Documentation License".
|
||||
|
||||
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
|
||||
replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
|
||||
|
||||
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
|
||||
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
|
||||
|
||||
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
|
||||
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
|
||||
situation.
|
||||
|
||||
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
|
||||
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
|
||||
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
|
||||
to permit their use in free software.
|
||||
Executable
+8
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
|
||||
#! /bin/sh
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Some of these should really be done by options to makeinfo or by
|
||||
# using @setfilename, but this way we can have both bashref.info and
|
||||
# bash.info (for installing)
|
||||
#
|
||||
|
||||
sed -e 's|bashref.info|bash.info|g'
|
||||
+1807
-1111
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
Copyright (C) 1988-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
|
||||
@set EDITION 3.0
|
||||
@set VERSION 3.0-alpha
|
||||
@set UPDATED 12 September 2003
|
||||
@set UPDATED-MONTH September 2003
|
||||
|
||||
@set LASTCHANGE Fri Sep 12 18:21:15 EDT 2003
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user