commit bash-20130301 snapshot

examples/scripts.v2/PERMISSION

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+From spcecdt@armory.com Wed May 10 10:21:11 1995
+Flags: 10
+Return-Path: spcecdt@armory.com
+Received: from po.cwru.edu (root@po.CWRU.Edu [129.22.4.2]) by odin.INS.CWRU.Edu with ESMTP (8.6.10+cwru/CWRU-2.1-ins)
+	id KAA22876; Wed, 10 May 1995 10:21:10 -0400 (from spcecdt@armory.com for <chet@odin.INS.CWRU.Edu>)
+Received: from deepthought.armory.com (mmdf@deepthought.armory.com [192.122.209.42]) by po.cwru.edu with SMTP (8.6.10+cwru/CWRU-2.3)
+	id BAA16354; Wed, 10 May 1995 01:33:22 -0400 (from spcecdt@armory.com for <chet@po.cwru.edu>)
+From: John DuBois <spcecdt@armory.com>
+Date: Tue, 9 May 1995 22:33:12 -0700
+In-Reply-To: Chet Ramey <chet@odin.ins.cwru.edu>
+       "ksh scripts" (May  9,  1:36pm)
+X-Www: http://www.armory.com/~spcecdt/
+X-Mailer: Mail User's Shell (7.2.5 10/14/92)
+To: chet@po.cwru.edu
+Subject: Re: ksh scripts
+Message-ID:  <9505092233.aa13001@deepthought.armory.com>
+
+     Sure.  The canonical versions are available on ftp.armory.com; you might
+want to pick up the latest versions before modifying them.
+
+        John
+
+On May 9,  1:36pm, Chet Ramey wrote:
+} Subject: ksh scripts
+} From odin.ins.cwru.edu!chet Tue May  9 10:39:51 1995
+} Received: from odin.INS.CWRU.Edu by deepthought.armory.com id aa22336;
+}           9 May 95 10:39 PDT
+} Received: (chet@localhost) by odin.INS.CWRU.Edu (8.6.10+cwru/CWRU-2.1-ins)
+} 	id NAA20487; Tue, 9 May 1995 13:39:24 -0400 (from chet)
+} Date: Tue, 9 May 1995 13:36:54 -0400
+} From: Chet Ramey <chet@odin.ins.cwru.edu>
+} To: john@armory.com
+} Subject: ksh scripts
+} Cc: chet@odin.ins.cwru.edu
+} Reply-To: chet@po.cwru.edu
+} Message-ID: <9505091736.AA20411.SM@odin.INS.CWRU.Edu>
+} Read-Receipt-To: chet@po.CWRU.Edu
+} MIME-Version: 1.0
+} Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
+} Status: OR
+} 
+} Hi.  I'm the maintainer of bash (the GNU `Bourne Again shell') for
+} the FSF.
+} 
+} I picked up a tar file of ksh scripts you wrote from an anon FTP site
+} a while back.  I'd like your permission to include modified versions
+} of some of them in the next major bash distribution (with proper credit
+} given, of course).  Is it OK if I do that?
+} 
+} Chet Ramey
+} 
+} -- 
+} ``The lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne.'' - Chaucer
+} 
+} Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University	Internet: chet@po.CWRU.Edu
+}-- End of excerpt from Chet Ramey
+
+
+

examples/scripts.v2/README

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+This collection of scripts was originally written for ksh-88 by
+John DuBois <spcecdt@armory.com>.  The conversion to bash v2
+syntax was done by Chet Ramey.
+
+These scripts are as-is; there is no copyright associated with
+any of them.  They exist simply as examples of bash scripting.
+
+Here's a description of what's in this directory:
+
+arc2tarz	Convert an "arc" archive to a compressed tar archive.
+cal2day.bash	Convert a day number to a name.
+corename	Tell what produced a core file.
+fman		Fast man(1) replacement.
+frcp		Copy files using ftp(1) but with rcp-type command line syntax.
+lowercase	Change filenames to lower case.
+ncp		A nicer front end for cp(1) (has -i, etc.).
+newext		Change the extension of a group of files.
+nmv		A nicer front end for mv(1) (has -i, etc.).
+pages		Print specified pages from files.
+PERMISSION	Permissions to use the scripts in this directory.
+pf		A pager front end that handles compressed files.
+README		README
+ren		Rename files by changing parts of filenames that match a pattern.
+rename		Change the names of files that match a pattern.
+repeat		Execute a command multiple times.
+untar		Unarchive a (possibly compressed) tarfile into a directory.
+uudec		Carefully uudecode(1) multiple files.
+uuenc		uuencode(1) multiple files.
+vtree		Print a visual display of a directory tree.
+where		Show where commands that match a pattern are.
+
+The following scripts were written or converted by Chet Ramey:
+
+bashrand	Random number generator with upper and lower bounds and optional seed.
+cdhist.bash	cd replacement with a directory stack added.
+pmtop		Poor man's 'top(1)' for SunOS 4.x and BSD/OS.
+shprof		Line profiler for bash scripts.

examples/scripts.v2/arc2tarz

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+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# arc2tarz: convert arced file to tarred, compressed form.
+# @(#) arc2tarz.ksh 1.0 92/02/16
+# 91/03/28 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 92/02/16 added -h option for help
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax by Chet Ramey
+
+unset ENV
+Usage="Usage: $0 arcfile [-hcg] [ tarzfile ]"
+
+phelp()
+{
+echo "$Usage
+arcfile is the name of an arc file to convert to tarred, compressed form. 
+The file must have a .arc extension, but only the base name needs to be
+given.  If no output file name is given, it will be created in the current
+directory with the name being the arcfile basename followed by .tar.EXT.
+If the -c option is given, compress will be used, and EXT will be Z.
+The default (also available with -g) is to use gzip, in which case EXT
+is gz.  If the basename is too long the extension may be truncated.  All
+uppercase letters in the names of files in the archive are moved to lowercase."
+}
+
+compress=gzip
+ext=gz
+
+while getopts "hcg" opt; do
+	case "$opt" in
+	h)	phelp; exit 0;;
+	c)	compress=compress; ext=Z;;
+	g)	compress=gzip ; ext=gz ;;
+	*)	echo "$Usage" 1>&2 ; exit 2;;
+	esac
+done
+
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+if [ $# = 0 ]; then
+	phelp
+	exit 0
+fi
+
+[ -z "$TMP" ] && tmpdir=/tmp/arc2tarz.$$ || tmpdir=$TMP/arc2tarz.$$
+
+case "$1" in
+*.arc)	arcfile=$1 ;;
+*)	arcfile=$1.arc ;;
+esac
+
+if [ ! -f $arcfile ] || [ ! -r $arcfile ]; then
+	echo "Could not open arc file \"$arcfile\"."
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+case "$arcfile" in
+/*)	;;
+*)	arcfile=$PWD/$arcfile ;;
+esac
+
+basename=${arcfile%.arc}
+basename=${basename##*/}
+[ $# -lt 2 ] && tarzname=$PWD/$basename.tar.$ext || tarzname=$2
+
+trap 'rm -rf $tmpdir $tarzname' 1 2 3 6 15
+
+mkdir $tmpdir
+cd $tmpdir
+echo "unarcing files..."
+arc -ie $arcfile
+
+# lowercase
+for f in *; do
+	new=$(echo $f | tr A-Z a-z)
+	if [ "$f" != "$new" ]; then
+		mv $f $new
+	fi
+done
+
+echo "tarring/compressing files..."
+tar cf - * | $compress > $tarzname
+cd -
+rm -rf $tmpdir

examples/scripts.v2/bashrand

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+# bashrand - generate a random number in a specified range with an
+#	     optionally specified ``seed'' value.
+#
+# Original Author: Peter Turnbull, May 1993
+
+usage()
+{
+	echo "$PROG: usage: $PROG [-s seed] lower-limit upper-limit" >&2
+}
+
+PROG=${0##*/}
+
+SEED=$$         # Initialize random-number seed value with PID
+
+while getopts s: opt
+do
+	case "$opt" in
+	s)	SEED=$OPTARG ;;
+	*)	usage ; exit 2 ;;
+	esac
+done
+
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+# Process command-line arguments:
+case $# in
+    2)  Lower=$1; Upper=$2 ;;
+    *)  usage ; exit 2 ;;
+esac
+
+# Check that specified values are integers:
+expr "$Lower" + 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+	echo "$PROG: lower ($Lower) not an integer" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+expr "$Upper" + 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+	echo "$PROG: upper ($Upper) not an integer" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+expr "$SEED" + 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+	echo "$PROG: seed ($SEED) not an integer" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# Check that values are in the correct range:
+(( $Lower < 0 )) || [ `expr "$Lower" : '.*'` -gt 5 ] && {
+	echo "$PROG: Lower limit ($Lower) out of range" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+(( $Upper > 32767 )) || [ `expr "$Upper" : '.*'` -gt 5 ] && {
+	echo "$PROG: Upper limit ($Upper) out of range" >&2;
+	exit 1
+}
+
+(( $SEED < 0 )) || (( $SEED > 32767 )) || [ `expr "$SEED" : '.*'` -gt 5 ] && {
+	echo "$PROG: Seed value ($SEED) out of range (0 to 32767)" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+(( $Upper <= $Lower )) && {
+	echo "$PROG: upper ($Upper) <= lower value ($Lower)" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# Seed the random-number generator:
+RANDOM=$SEED
+
+# Compute value, scaled within range:
+let rand="$RANDOM % ($Upper - $Lower + 1) + $Lower"
+
+# Report result:
+echo $rand

examples/scripts.v2/cal2day.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# cal2day - "parse" appropriate calendar output to match date number
+#	    with day name.
+#
+# usage: cal2day month day [year]
+#
+# ORIGINAL *TAG:33239 3:Dec 9 1997:0755:sh.d/cal2day:
+#
+# Obtained from usenet
+#
+# Converted to bash v2 syntax by Chet Ramey <chet@po.cwru.edu>
+
+#1 PARSE OPTIONS
+while getopts :dls _inst
+do	case $_inst in
+	(d)	format='%1d%.0s\n' ;;		# 0, 1, ..., 7
+	(l)	format='%0.s%-s\n' ;;		# Sunday, Monday, ..., Saturday
+	(s)	format='%0.s%-.3s\n' ;;		# Sun, Mon, ..., Sat
+	esac
+done
+shift $((OPTIND-1))
+
+#2 PARAMETER VALUES
+((!$#)) && set -- $(date '+%m %d')
+: ${format:='%0.s%-.3s\n'}
+: ${1:?missing month parameter [1-12]}
+: ${2:?missing day parameter [1-31]}
+
+#3 CALCULATE DAY-OF-WEEK FROM DATE
+cal $1 ${3:-$(date +%Y)} | gawk -FX '
+BEGIN	{ day="Sunday   Monday   Tuesday  WednesdayThursday Friday   Saturday"
+	  sub(/^0/, "", daynum)
+	  dayre="(^| )" daynum "( |$)"
+	}
+#NR==2	{ print length($0) }
+NR==1 || NR==2 \
+	{ next }
+dayre	{ if (match($0, dayre))
+	  {	#print RSTART, RLENGTH, substr($0, RSTART, RLENGTH)
+		if (daynum<=9 || RSTART==1) RSTART-=1
+		exit
+	  }
+	}
+END	{ # 20/21 char width assumed
+	  printf format, RSTART/3, substr(day, RSTART*3+1, 9)
+	}
+' daynum=$2 format=$format -
+
+exit 0

examples/scripts.v2/cdhist.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# cdhist - cd replacement with a directory stack like pushd/popd
+#
+# usage: cd [-l] [-n] [-] [dir]
+#
+# options:
+#	-l	print the cd directory stack, one entry per line
+#	-	equivalent to $OLDPWD
+#	-n	cd to nth directory in cd directory stack
+#	-s	cd to first directory in stack matching (substring) `s'
+#
+# arguments:
+#	dir	cd to dir and push dir onto the cd directory stack
+#
+# If the new directory is a directory in the stack and the options selected
+# it (-n, -s), the new working directory is printed
+#
+# If the variable CDHISTFILE is set, the cd directory stack is loaded from
+# and written to $CDHISTFILE every time `cd' is executed.
+#
+# Note: I got this off the net somewhere; I don't know the original author
+#
+# Chet Ramey
+# chet@po.cwru.edu	
+
+_cd_print()
+{
+	echo -e "$@"
+}
+
+cd()
+{
+	typeset -i cdlen i
+	typeset t
+	
+	if [ $# -eq 0 ]
+	then
+		set -- $HOME
+	fi
+	
+	if [ "$CDHISTFILE" ] && [ -r "$CDHISTFILE" ] # if directory history exists
+	then
+		typeset CDHIST
+		i=-1
+		while read -r t			# read directory history file
+		do
+			CDHIST[i=i+1]=$t
+		done <$CDHISTFILE
+	fi
+	
+	if [ "${CDHIST[0]}" != "$PWD" ] && [ -n "$PWD" ]
+	then
+		_cdins				# insert $PWD into cd history
+	fi
+	
+	cdlen=${#CDHIST[*]}			# number of elements in history
+	
+	case "$@" in
+	-)					# cd to new dir
+		if [ "$OLDPWD" = "" ] && ((cdlen>1))
+		then
+			'_cdprint' ${CDHIST[1]}
+			builtin cd ${CDHIST[1]}
+			pwd
+		else
+			builtin cd "$@"
+			# pwd
+		fi
+		;;
+	-l)					# _cdprint directory list
+		((i=cdlen))
+		while (((i=i-1)>=0))
+		do
+			num=$i
+			'_cdprint' "$num ${CDHIST[i]}"
+		done
+		return
+		;;
+	-[0-9]|-[0-9][0-9])			# cd to dir in list
+		if (((i=${1#-})<cdlen))
+		then
+			'_cdprint' ${CDHIST[i]}
+			builtin cd ${CDHIST[i]}
+			pwd
+		else
+			builtin cd $@
+			# pwd
+		fi
+		;;
+	-*)					# cd to matched dir in list
+		t=${1#-}
+		i=1
+		while ((i<cdlen))
+		do
+			case ${CDHIST[i]} in
+			*$t*)
+				'_cdprint' ${CDHIST[i]}
+				builtin cd ${CDHIST[i]}
+				pwd
+				break
+				;;
+			esac
+			((i=i+1))
+		done
+		if ((i>=cdlen))
+		then
+			builtin cd $@
+			# pwd
+		fi
+		;;
+	*)					# cd to new dir
+		builtin cd $@
+		# pwd
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	_cdins					# insert $PWD into cd history
+	
+	if [ "$CDHISTFILE" ]
+	then
+		cdlen=${#CDHIST[*]}		# number of elements in history
+
+		i=0
+		while ((i<cdlen))
+		do
+			echo ${CDHIST[i]}	# update directory history
+			((i=i+1))
+		done >$CDHISTFILE
+	fi
+}
+	
+_cdins()					# insert $PWD into cd history
+{						# meant to be called only by cd
+	typeset -i i
+
+	i=0
+
+	while (( i < ${#CDHIST[*]} ))		# see if dir is already in list
+	do
+		if [ "${CDHIST[$i]}" = "$PWD" ]
+		then
+			break
+		fi
+		((i=i+1))
+	done
+
+	if (( i>22 ))				# limit max size of list
+	then
+		i=22
+	fi
+
+	while (((i=i-1)>=0))			# bump old dirs in list
+	do
+		CDHIST[i+1]=${CDHIST[i]}
+	done
+
+	CDHIST[0]=$PWD				# insert new directory in list
+}
+	
+# examples
+shopt -s expand_aliases
+
+# go to known place before doing anything
+cd /
+
+echo CDHIST: "${CDHIST[@]}"
+for dir in /tmp /bin - -2 -l
+do
+	cd $dir
+	echo CDHIST: "${CDHIST[@]}"
+	echo PWD: $PWD
+
+done
+
+exit 0

examples/scripts.v2/corename

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# @(#) corename.ksh 1.0 93/04/01
+# 92/11/11 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 92/02/16 Added help option.
+# 92/02/22 Added cd to origdir to fix prob w/multiple relative paths.
+# 93/04/01 Added check for whether file exists.
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+
+# inspired by belal's equivalent utility
+
+if [ "$1" = -h ]; then
+    echo \
+"$0: print the names of executables that dumped core.
+Usage: $0 [corename ...]
+If no corename is given, \"core\" is assumed."
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+[ $# = 0 ] && set core
+origdir=$PWD
+for i; do
+    cd $origdir
+    file=${i##*/}
+    dir=${i%$file}
+    [ -z "$dir" ] && dir=$origdir/
+    if [ ! -f $dir$file ]; then
+	echo "$dir$file: No such file."
+	continue
+    fi
+    if [ ! -r $dir$file ]; then
+	echo "$dir$file: Cannot open."
+	continue
+    fi
+    cd $dir
+
+    # the adb output syntax is highly variable.  this works on SunOS 4.x
+    set -- $(adb $file < /dev/null 2>&1 | sed 1q)
+    name=${7#??}
+    echo "$i: ${name%??}"
+done

examples/scripts.v2/fman

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# fman: new man program
+# @(#) fman.ksh 1.5 94/04/16
+# 91/07/03 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 91/07/11 made it unpack man pages if neccessary
+# 91/07/16 fixed test for whether man file pattern was expanded
+# 92/01/21 made it read /etc/default/man to get section order,
+#          and only display the first section found.
+# 92/02/06 changed name to fman
+# 92/02/07 fixed bug in notfound
+# 92/02/13 incorporated changes from DOS version
+# 92/03/11 changed to use MANPATH from environment if set,
+#          and search all directories given in MANPATH
+# 92/03/15 exec pager or man w/o forking
+# 92/05/31 try using index if one exists
+# 92/10/01 Added "See also <other sections>"
+# 92/10/18 If PAGER is less, search for name of man page to make it easier
+#          to find information in man pages for multiple items
+# 92/11/11 Make it work for compressed files not listed in index;
+#          deal with man pages listed in index that don't exist.
+# 93/03/30 Fixed bug in MANPATH processing
+# 93/06/17 Include paths in "See also:" message if they would be needed
+#          to get to a man page.  Allow MANPATH spec on command line.
+# 93/07/09 Added -h and -e options.
+# 94/04/16 Added x option.
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+
+istrue()
+{
+	test 0 -ne "$1"
+}
+
+isfalse()
+{
+	test 0 -eq "$1"
+}
+
+# Finds all sections that man page $1 is in and puts them in the the
+# global array Sections[].  
+# The filename of each page is put in FileNames[] with the same index.
+# Global vars used:
+# patharr[] MANPATH directories.
+
+FindSectionsInIndex ()
+{
+    typeset index indexes section mpath page=$1
+    typeset -i i=0 NIndex=0
+
+    for mpath in "${patharr[@]}"; do
+	if [ -r $mpath/index ]; then
+	    indexes="$indexes $mpath/index"
+	    let NIndex+=1
+	fi
+    done
+    [ -z "$indexes" ] && return
+    # Make grep give filename
+    [ NIndex -lt 2 ] && indexes="$indexes /dev/null"
+    # set positional parameters to
+    # indexfile:searchname pagename section ...
+    # e.g.
+    # /usr/man/index:FP_OFF Routines DOS
+    set -- `grep "^$page[ 	]" $indexes`
+    while [ $# -gt 2 ]; do
+	FileNames[i]=${1%%index*}cat$3/$2.$3
+	Sections[i]=$3
+	shift 3
+	let i+=1
+    done
+}
+
+# Finds all sections that man page $1 is in by searching each man directory
+# in the order given in patharr[],
+# and puts them in the the global array Sections[].  
+# The filename of each page is put in FileNames[] with the same index.
+# Global vars used:
+# patharr[] MANPATH directories.
+FindSectionsInDirs ()
+{
+    local page=$1 mpath AllPaths Path
+    typeset -i i
+
+    for mpath in "${patharr[@]}"; do
+	AllPaths="$AllPaths $mpath/cat[0-9]*/$page.* $mpath/man[0-9]*/$page.*"
+    done
+
+    i=0
+    for Path in $AllPaths; do
+	istrue $debug && echo Path = $Path
+	case "$Path" in
+	*\*)	;;
+	*)
+	    # Remove compressed-file suffix to make FileNames be the same
+	    # as it is when built by FindSectionsInIndex()
+	    FileNames[i]=${Path%.[zZ]}
+	    Path=${Path%/*}
+	    Sections[i]=${Path##*/*.}
+	    let i+=1 ;;
+	esac
+    done
+}
+
+# FindSection: display man page.
+# Uses ordarr[] (built from $ORDER) to display the version of the man
+# page that occurs first in $ORDER.
+# Sections[] gives the sections that a man page was found in.
+# If the global variable "exist" is set to 1, nothing is displayed;
+# the function instead returns zero if a page is found, nonzero if not.
+# The filename of each page is in FileNames[] with the same index.
+# Global vars used:
+# Sections[], FileNames[], ordarr[]
+FindSection ()
+{
+    typeset -i NumPages i foundsec
+    local section OtherSec filename NPAGER=$PAGER POpt page=$1 Pat
+    local PageFile
+
+    NumPages=${#Sections[*]}	# Number of versions of man page found.
+    isfalse $NumPages && return 1 
+    case "$PAGER" in
+    *less)	Popt="-p$page" ;;
+    esac
+
+    # For each section in ORDER, determine if any man page was found in
+    # that section
+    for section in "${ordarr[@]}"; do
+	i=0
+	foundsec=0
+	while [ $i -lt $NumPages ]; do
+	    if [ "${Sections[i]}" = $section ]; then
+		# Found a man page from this section of ORDER
+		filename=${FileNames[i]}
+		if [ -z "$PageFile" ]; then
+		    PageFile=$filename
+		else
+		    if istrue $foundsec; then
+			OtherSec="$OtherSec$page(${filename%/*/*} $section) "
+		    else
+			OtherSec="$OtherSec$page($section) "
+		    fi
+		fi
+		foundsec=1
+		istrue $exist && return
+	    fi
+	    let i+=1
+	done
+    done
+    # No pages with the specified section found.
+    [ -z "$PageFile" ] && return 1
+    # Return if all we want to know is whether the man page exists.
+    [ "$exist" = 1 ] && return 0
+    if [ -z "$OtherSec" ]; then
+	NPAGER="exec $PAGER"
+    fi
+    if [ -r $PageFile ]; then
+	$NPAGER $POpt $PageFile
+    elif [ -r $PageFile.z ]; then
+	pcat $PageFile.z | $NPAGER $POpt
+    elif [ -r $PageFile.Z ]; then
+	zcat $PageFile.Z | $NPAGER $POpt
+    elif [ -f $PageFile.gz ]; then
+	gzip -dc $PageFile.gz | $NPAGER $POpt
+    else
+	echo "$PageFile: cannot open." 1>&2
+	OtherSec=
+	unset Sections[i]
+	let i+=1
+	continue
+    fi
+    echo "See also $OtherSec"
+    exit 0
+}
+
+phelp()
+{
+echo "$name: print man pages.
+$name locates and prints the specified manual pages from the online UNIX
+documentation.
+$Usage
+Options:
+-e: Determine whether the specified man page exists.  Nothing is printed;
+    $0 exits with a zero status if the page exists and a nonzero status if
+    it does not.
+-h: Print this help."
+}
+
+# main program
+
+typeset -i exist=0 debug=0
+
+name=${0##*/}
+Usage="Usage: $name [-eh] [[manpath] section] command-name"
+
+while getopts :hex opt; do
+    case $opt in
+    h) phelp; exit 0;;
+    e) exist=1 ;;
+    x) debug=1 ;;
+    +?) echo "$name: options should not be preceded by a '+'." 1>&2; exit 2;;
+    ?) 
+	echo "$name: $OPTARG: bad option.  Use -h for help." 1>&2 ; exit 2 ;;
+    esac
+done
+ 
+# remove args that were options
+shift $((OPTIND-1))
+
+if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
+    echo -e "$Usage\nUse -h for help." 1>&2
+    exit
+fi
+
+P=$PAGER
+O=1:n:l:6:8:2:3:4:5:7:p:o
+T=$TERM
+M=${MANPATH:-/usr/local/man:/usr/man}
+[ -f /etc/default/man ] && . /etc/default/man
+[ -n "$P" ] && PAGER=$P
+[ -n "$O" ] && ORDER=$O
+[ -n "$T" ] && TERM=$T
+[ -n "$M" ] && MANPATH=$M
+
+case $# in
+0)  echo "No man page specified." ; exit 1;;
+1)  page=$1;;
+2)  ORDER=$(echo $1 | tr a-z A-Z) ; page=$2;;
+3)  MANPATH=$1 
+    [ -n "$2" ] && ORDER=$(echo $2 | tr a-z A-Z)
+    page=$3;;
+*)  echo "Too many arguments."; exit 1;;
+esac
+
+aargs=("$@")
+[ ! -t 0 ] && PAGER=cat
+
+OIFS=$IFS
+IFS=:
+patharr=($MANPATH)
+i=0
+for d in $MANPATH; do
+    for sec in $ORDER; do
+	ordarr[i]=$d/cat${sec}
+	let i+=1
+	ordarr[i]=$d/man${sec}
+	let i+=1
+    done
+done
+IFS=$OIFS
+
+istrue $debug && echo patharr = "${patharr[@]}"
+
+# if less or more is being used, remove multiple blank lines
+export LESS="-s $LESS"
+export MORE="-s $MORE"
+
+# Try using index
+FindSectionsInIndex "$page"
+# Exit 0 if a page was found and we're just testing for existence.
+FindSection "$page" && exit 0
+
+# Try searching directories
+unset Sections[*]
+FindSectionsInDirs "$page"
+FindSection "$page" && exit 0
+
+istrue $exist && exit 1
+
+# Try using man
+# If using more or less, make man run faster by letting more or less compress
+# multiple blank lines instead of rmb
+#case "$PAGER" in
+#*more|*less)	manopt=-b;;
+#esac
+
+#cmd=(man $manopt -p$PAGER "${aargs[@]}")
+export PAGER
+cmd=(man $manopt "${aargs[@]}")
+istrue $debug && echo "$name: running ${cmd[*]}" 1>&2
+exec "${cmd[@]}"

examples/scripts.v2/frcp

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+#
+# @(#) frcp.ksh 2.2 93/11/14
+# 92/06/29 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 92/10/14 Cleaned up, improved, added -d and -r options
+# 92/11/11 Made work with a dest of '.'
+# 93/07/09 Added -l and -n options, & login as anonymous if no .netrc entry
+# 93/11/14 Use either passwd or password in .netrc, since ftp does.
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax by Chet Ramey
+#
+# frcp: ftp front end with rcp-like syntax.
+# Note: requires any machine names given to be listed with
+#       user and password in .netrc.  If not, anonymous FTP is
+#	done.
+#
+# full path to ftp binary
+if [ -x /usr/bin/ftp ]; then
+	FTP=/usr/bin/ftp;
+elif [ -x /usr/ucb/ftp ]; then
+	FTP=/usr/ucb/ftp
+else
+	FTP=ftp
+fi
+
+istrue()
+{
+	test 0 -ne "$1"
+}
+isfalse()
+{
+	test 0 -eq "$1"
+}
+
+# For each filename given, put the filename in filename[n]
+# and the machine it is on in machine[n].
+function SplitNames {
+    typeset file
+    typeset -i i=1
+
+    unset filename[*] machine[*]
+    for file; do
+	case "$file" in
+	*:*) machine[i]=${file%%:*} ;;
+	*)   machine[i]=$LocalMach ;;
+	esac
+	filename[i]=${file#*:}
+	let i+=1
+    done
+}
+
+function verboseprint {
+    echo "$@"
+    echo "$@" 1>&2
+}
+
+function MakeDir {
+    OFS=$IFS
+    local IFS=/ dir component
+
+    case "$1" in
+    /*)	;;
+     *) dir=.
+    esac
+    set -- $1
+    IFS=$OFS
+    for component; do
+	dir=$dir/$component
+	if [ ! -d "$dir" ]; then
+	    if mkdir "$dir"; then :; else
+		echo "Could not make directory $dir." >&2
+		return 1
+	    fi
+	fi
+    done
+    return 0
+}
+
+lastisdot ()
+{
+	case "$1" in
+	*/.|*/..)	return 0;;
+	*)	return 1;;
+	esac
+}
+
+# CopyFiles: issue ftp(TC) commands to copy files.
+# Usage: CopyFiles [sourcemachine:]sourcepath ... [destmachine:]destpath
+# Global vars:
+# Uses LocalMach (should be name of local machine)
+# Sets global arrs machine[]/filename[]
+function CopyFiles {
+    unset machine[*] filename[*]
+
+    SplitNames "$@"	# split names into filename[1..n] and machine[1..n]
+
+    local DestMach=${machine[$#]}	# Machine to copy files to
+    local DestPath=${filename[$#]} 	# Destination file/dir
+
+    unset machine[$#] filename[$#]
+
+    [ -z "$DestPath" ] && DestPath=.	# dest was given as machine:
+
+    # Try to determine if destination should be a directory
+    # so that it can be forced to be a directory.
+
+    case "$DestPath" in
+    */)	;;	# don't add / if trailing / already present
+    *)  if [ $# -gt 2 ] || # if more than two args given, last must be a dir
+	    # If dest in on local machine, check whether it is a directory
+    	   [ $DestMach = $LocalMach ] && [ -d "$DestPath" ] || 
+	    # If dest ends with . or .., it is a directory
+	   lastisdot "$DestPath"
+	then
+		DestPath=$DestPath/
+	fi ;;
+    esac
+
+    # If one of the above tests made us think dest is a directory,
+    # but it isn't, complain
+    case "$DestPath" in
+    */)	if [ "$DestMach" = "$LocalMach" ] && [ ! -d "$DestPath" ]; then
+		echo "Destination is not a directory." 1>&2
+		exit 1
+        fi ;;
+    esac
+
+    DoCopy "$DestMach" "$DestPath"
+}
+
+# Usage: OpenMachine machine-name
+# Emits login sequence or doesn't, depending on .netrc file and global
+# variables anon and noanon
+OpenMachine ()
+{
+    local machine=$1 netrc=$HOME/.netrc user= password=
+
+    if isfalse $anon && [ -r $netrc ]; then
+	set -- $(gawk '
+	/machine (.* )?'"$machine"'($| )/,/^ *$/ {
+	    Fields[$1] = $2
+	    if ("passwd" in Fields)
+		Fields["password"] = Fields["passwd"]
+	    if ("login" in Fields && "password" in Fields) {
+		print Fields["login"] " " Fields["password"]
+		exit
+	    }
+	}
+	' $netrc )
+	user=$1
+	password=$2
+    fi
+    if [ -z "$password" ]; then
+	if istrue $noanon; then
+	    echo "No .netrc entry for machine $machine" 1>&2
+	    exit 1
+	fi
+	user=anonymous
+	password=$USER@$LocalMach
+    fi
+    verboseprint open $machine
+    echo user $user "*******" 1>&2
+    echo user $user $password
+}
+
+# Usage: DoCopy destination-machine destination-path
+# Copies the files in global arrs machine[]/filename[] to the given dest
+# Global vars:
+# Uses machine[], filename[], LocalMach, check
+DoCopy ()
+{
+    local DestMach=$1
+    local DestPath=$2
+    local OpenMach	# Machine that connection is currently open to
+    local OWD=$PWD SourceMach SourceFile
+    local FileName
+    typeset -i i=1
+
+    while [ $i -le ${#machine[*]} ]; do
+	istrue $check && verboseprint "runique"
+
+	SourceMach=${machine[i]}
+	SourceFile=${filename[i]}
+
+	DestFile=$DestPath
+	# if DestPath is a dir,
+	# add source filename to it without source path
+	case "$DestFile" in
+	*/)	DestFile=$DestFile${SourceFile##*/} ;;
+	esac
+
+	if [ $SourceMach = $LocalMach ]; then
+	    if [ $DestMach != "$OpenMach" ]; then
+		OpenMachine $DestMach
+		OpenMach=$DestMach
+	    fi
+	    verboseprint put $SourceFile $DestFile
+	elif [ $DestMach = $LocalMach ]; then
+	    if istrue $check && [ -f "$DestFile" ]; then
+		echo "$DestFile already exists." 1>&2
+		continue
+	    fi
+	    # If destination is on local machine,
+	    # the dest will be a full dir/filename
+	    if istrue $createdirs; then
+		MakeDir "${DestFile%/*}" || continue
+	    fi
+	    if [ $SourceMach != "$OpenMach" ]; then
+		OpenMachine $SourceMach
+		OpenMach=$SourceMach
+	    fi
+	    # If source filename has wildcards ([, ], *, ?) do an mget
+	    case "$SourceFile" in
+	    \[*\]|*\**|*\?*)
+		verboseprint lcd "$DestFile"
+		verboseprint mget "$SourceFile"
+		verboseprint lcd $OWD ;;
+	    *)  verboseprint get "$SourceFile" "$DestFile" ;;
+	    esac
+	else
+	    echo "Neither source machine \"$SourceMach\" "\
+"nor destination machine \"$DestMach\" is local." 1>&2
+	fi
+	let i+=1
+    done
+}
+
+# Start of main program
+name=${0##*/}
+
+if [ "$1" = -h ]; then
+    echo \
+"$name: do ftp transfers using rcp-style parameters.
+Usage: $name <source> <destpath>   or   $name <source> [<source> ...] <destdir>
+At least one of <source> and <destpath> must be the local system.
+A remote filename is given as machinename:filename
+If remote filenames contain wildcards, they will be globbed on the remote
+machine.  Make sure they are quoted when $name is invoked.
+If the invoking user's .netrc file (see ftp(TC)) contains an entry for the
+remote system with a login and password supplied, $name will log in using
+the given login and password.  If not, $name will login in as user
+anonymous and with the user@localsystem as the password.
+Options:
+-c: check: do not overwrite files.
+-d: create directories as needed.
+-f: force: overwrite files (default).
+-h: print this help.
+-l: fail if there is no entry with login and password for the remote system,
+    instead of logging in as anonymous.
+-n: log in as anonymous even if there is an entry for the remote system in
+    the user's .netrc file.
+-r: read source/dest filename pairs from the standard input,
+    one pair per line, and copy files accordingly."
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+typeset -i check=0 createdirs=0 readinput=0 anon=0 noanon=0
+
+while getopts :cdflnr Option
+do
+    case "$Option" in
+    c) check=1;;
+    d) createdirs=1;;
+    f) check=0;;
+    l) noanon=1;;
+    n) anon=1;;
+    r) readinput=1;;
+    \?) echo "$OPTARG: invalid option."; exit 1;;
+    esac
+done
+
+shift $((OPTIND-1))
+
+LocalMach=`hostname` 
+
+if istrue $readinput; then
+    while read line; do
+	CopyFiles $line
+    done | $FTP -nv
+else
+    if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
+	echo "$name: Not enough arguments.  Use -h for help." 1>&2
+	exit
+    fi
+    CopyFiles "$@" | $FTP -nv
+fi

examples/scripts.v2/lowercase

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from
+# @(#) lowercase.ksh 1.0 92/10/08
+# 92/10/08 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+
+Usage="Usage: $name file ..."
+phelp()
+{
+echo "$name: change filenames to lower case.
+$Usage
+Each file is moved to a name with the same directory component, if any,
+and with a filename component that is the same as the original but with
+any upper case letters changed to lower case."
+}
+
+name=${0##*/}
+
+while getopts "h" opt; do
+	case "$opt" in
+	h)	phelp; exit 0;;
+	*)	echo "$Usage" 1>&2; exit 2;;
+	esac
+done
+
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+for file; do
+    filename=${file##*/}
+    case "$file" in
+    */*)    dirname=${file%/*} ;;
+    *)    dirname=. ;;
+    esac
+    nf=$(echo $filename | tr A-Z a-z)
+    newname="${dirname}/${nf}"
+    if [ "$nf" != "$filename" ]; then
+	mv "$file" "$newname"
+	echo "$0: $file -> $newname"
+    else
+	echo "$0: $file not changed."
+    fi
+done

examples/scripts.v2/ncp

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# @(#) ncp.ksh,nmv.ksh 1.1 94/07/23
+# 92/01/18 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 92/01/31 added check for no args left after shifts
+# 92/02/17 added help
+# 92/02/25 remove path component from filename before tacking it onto dest.
+# 92/03/15 exec mv or cp
+# 93/07/13 Added -i
+# 93/09/29 Made abort if file exists optional.
+# 93/11/19 Exit before invoking mv if no files to move
+# 94/01/03 Added o option
+# 94/04/13 Added x option.
+#          Fixed appending of source filename, broken by earlier change.
+# 94/07/23 Append only the filename part of the source path.
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+
+false()
+{
+	return 1
+}
+
+true()
+{
+	return 0
+}
+
+phelp()
+{
+echo "$name: do a $cmd with extra checking and options.
+$Usage
+$name is used as a front end for $cmd to get the [icfo] options, and so
+that a trailing / will force the last component of the path to be
+interpreted as a directory, so that   $name foo bar/   will fail if bar is
+not an existing directory, instead of changing the name of foo to bar. 
+Effectively,  $name foo bar/   is short for  $name foo bar/foo
+Options: 
+-h prints this help.
+-c checks first for the existence of each file, and fails if it exists.
+-i is like -c except that if the file exists and stdin and stdout are a
+   tty, a query is printed and a reply is read; a file is overwritten only
+   if the reply begins with 'y'.
+-f unsets -c and -i (in case $cmd is aliased to $name).
+-o (overwrite only) checks that the named file(s) exist and fails for any
+   that do not.  It is the complement of the -c option.
+Whichever of [cifo] comes later on the command line determines the behaviour.
+Any of these options must come before any standard $cmd options."
+}
+
+# interactive: Attempt to overwrite file should result in interactive
+# query rather than automatic failure.
+# noover: Do not overwrite files (if interactive is true, query, else fail)
+# overwrite: Only overwriting is allowed, not creation of new files.
+# debug: Print debugging info.
+typeset interactive=false noover=false overwrite=false debug=false
+name=${0##*/}
+
+case "$name" in
+ncp|nmv) cmd=/bin/${name#?} ;;
+*) echo "$name: Must be invoked as ncp or nmv." 1>&2 ; exit 2;;
+esac
+
+Usage="Usage: $name [-cfhio] $cmd-cmd-line"
+
+while getopts :cfhiox opt; do
+    case $opt in
+    h) phelp; exit 0;;
+    x) debug=true ;;
+    c) noover=true ;;
+    i) noover=true ; interactive=true ;;
+    f) noover=false ; interactive=false ;;
+    o) overwrite=true ; noover=false ; interactive=false;;
+    +?) echo "$name: options should not be preceded by a '+'." 1>&2; exit 2;;
+    ?)  echo "$name: $OPTARG: bad option.  Use -h for help." 1>&2 ; exit 2;;
+    esac
+done
+ 
+# remove args that were options
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
+    echo -e "$Usage\nUse -h for help."
+    exit
+fi
+
+Check()
+{
+    if [ ! -f "$1" ] && $overwrite; then
+	echo "$name: $1: File does not exist." 1>&2
+	return 1
+    elif [ -f "$1" ] && $noover; then
+	if [ $interactive = false ] || [ ! -t 0 ] || [ ! -t 1 ]; then
+	    echo "$name: $1: File exists." 1>&2
+	    return 1
+	else
+	    while :; do
+		echo -n \
+"$name: $1: File exists.  Overwrite? (y)es/(n)o/(a)bort/(Y)es for all: " 1>&2
+		read reply
+		case "$reply" in
+		y*)
+		    echo "$name: Overwriting $1."
+		    return 0
+		    ;;
+		Y*)
+		    echo "$name: Overwriting $1."
+		    interactive=false
+		    noover=false
+		    return 0
+		    ;;
+		[nN]*)
+		    echo "$name: Skipping $2."
+		    return 1
+		    ;;
+		[aA]*)
+		    echo "$name: Aborting."
+		    exit 1
+		    ;;
+		*)
+		    echo "$name: Invalid response." 1>&2
+		    ;;
+		esac
+	    done
+	fi
+    else
+	return 0
+    fi
+}
+
+# i is the index of the filename being examined
+# lastarg is the index of the last filename before the dest directory name
+typeset -i i=0 lastarg=$(($#-1))
+
+# Sets argv[0..$#-1]
+argv=("$@")
+$debug && echo argv = "${argv[@]}" 1>&2
+dest=${argv[lastarg]}
+
+if $debug; then
+    echo \
+"interactive=$interactive noover=$noover overwrite=$overwrite debug=$debug
+lastarg=$lastarg dest=$dest name=$name cmd=$cmd
+files=$*" 1>&2
+fi
+
+if $noover || $overwrite; then
+    $debug && echo "checking for existance of directories..." 1>&2
+    # If the destination is not intended to be a directory...
+    if [ $# -eq 2 ] && [ ! -d "$dest" ]; then
+	Check "$dest" "$1" || exit 0		# No files to copy
+    else
+	while [ $i -lt $lastarg ]; do
+	    Check "$dest/${argv[i]##*/}" "${argv[i]}" || unset argv[i]
+	    let i+=1
+	done
+    fi
+fi
+
+[ ${#argv[@]} -lt 2 ] && exit 0
+
+# If only 2 args are given, mv/cp will not insist that the destination
+# be a directory, which we want if the destination ends in "/" or if
+# the original number of args was >2.
+# $# is still the original number of args.
+# Tack the file name onto the destination to force this behaviour.
+
+lastisslash()
+{
+	case "$1" in
+	*/)	return 0;;
+	*)	return 1;;
+	esac
+}
+
+if [ ${#argv[@]} = 2 ] && { lastisslash "$2" || [ $# -gt 2 ]; }; then
+    $debug && echo "Appending filename." 1>&2
+    # Don't know which element of argv[] holds the source filename, 
+    # since may have started with more than 1 source file & had some unset.
+    # So, compact args to make it easy to find the set one.
+    argv=("${argv[@]}")
+    argv[1]="${argv[1]}/${argv[0]##*/}"
+fi
+
+$debug && echo "Executing command: $cmd ${argv[@]}" 1>&2
+exec $cmd "${argv[@]}"

examples/scripts.v2/newext

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# newext: change filename extension
+# @(#) newext.sh 1.1 93/04/13
+# 90/06/06 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 90/11/14 changed ksh-specific code to hybrid: if running under Bourne,
+#          uses expr instead of ksh builtin ops.  Removed SYSV specific code.
+# 91/08/06 added -t option
+# 92/11/06 made earlier code actually work!
+# 93/04/13 If no filenames given, act on files in current dir
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax by Chet Ramey
+
+usage="Usage: newext [-th] <oldext> <newext> [filename ...]"
+
+phelp()
+{
+echo "$usage
+Rename all given files that end in oldext with newext replacing oldext.
+If no filenames are given, all files in the current directory that end
+in oldext are acted on (no filename is equivalent to '*').
+Options:
+-h: Print this help.
+-t: Test: No action is taken except to print the mv commands that would
+be executed if -t was not given."
+}
+
+while getopts "th" opt; do
+    case "$opt" in
+    t) echo=echo;;
+    h) phelp; exit 0;;
+    *) echo "$usage" 1>&2; exit 2;;
+   esac
+done
+
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+oldext=$1
+newext=$2
+
+case $# in 
+[01])	echo -e "$usage\nUse -h for help." 1>&2; exit 2;;
+2)	shift ; shift; set -- *;;
+*)	shift ; shift;;
+esac
+
+found=
+
+for file
+do
+    case "$file" in
+    *$oldext) 
+	newname="${file%$oldext}$newext"
+	$echo mv "$file" "$newname"
+	found=true;;
+    esac
+done
+
+if [ -z "$found" ]; then
+    echo "No files ending in \"$oldext\"."
+    exit 1
+fi
+exit 0

examples/scripts.v2/nmv

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# @(#) ncp.ksh,nmv.ksh 1.1 94/07/23
+# 92/01/18 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 92/01/31 added check for no args left after shifts
+# 92/02/17 added help
+# 92/02/25 remove path component from filename before tacking it onto dest.
+# 92/03/15 exec mv or cp
+# 93/07/13 Added -i
+# 93/09/29 Made abort if file exists optional.
+# 93/11/19 Exit before invoking mv if no files to move
+# 94/01/03 Added o option
+# 94/04/13 Added x option.
+#          Fixed appending of source filename, broken by earlier change.
+# 94/07/23 Append only the filename part of the source path.
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+
+false()
+{
+	return 1
+}
+
+true()
+{
+	return 0
+}
+
+phelp()
+{
+echo "$name: do a $cmd with extra checking and options.
+$Usage
+$name is used as a front end for $cmd to get the [icfo] options, and so
+that a trailing / will force the last component of the path to be
+interpreted as a directory, so that   $name foo bar/   will fail if bar is
+not an existing directory, instead of changing the name of foo to bar. 
+Effectively,  $name foo bar/   is short for  $name foo bar/foo
+Options: 
+-h prints this help.
+-c checks first for the existence of each file, and fails if it exists.
+-i is like -c except that if the file exists and stdin and stdout are a
+   tty, a query is printed and a reply is read; a file is overwritten only
+   if the reply begins with 'y'.
+-f unsets -c and -i (in case $cmd is aliased to $name).
+-o (overwrite only) checks that the named file(s) exist and fails for any
+   that do not.  It is the complement of the -c option.
+Whichever of [cifo] comes later on the command line determines the behaviour.
+Any of these options must come before any standard $cmd options."
+}
+
+# interactive: Attempt to overwrite file should result in interactive
+# query rather than automatic failure.
+# noover: Do not overwrite files (if interactive is true, query, else fail)
+# overwrite: Only overwriting is allowed, not creation of new files.
+# debug: Print debugging info.
+typeset interactive=false noover=false overwrite=false debug=false
+name=${0##*/}
+
+case "$name" in
+ncp|nmv) cmd=/bin/${name#?} ;;
+*) echo "$name: Must be invoked as ncp or nmv." 1>&2 ; exit 2;;
+esac
+
+Usage="Usage: $name [-cfhio] $cmd-cmd-line"
+
+while getopts :cfhiox opt; do
+    case $opt in
+    h) phelp; exit 0;;
+    x) debug=true ;;
+    c) noover=true ;;
+    i) noover=true ; interactive=true ;;
+    f) noover=false ; interactive=false ;;
+    o) overwrite=true ; noover=false ; interactive=false;;
+    +?) echo "$name: options should not be preceded by a '+'." 1>&2; exit 2;;
+    ?)  echo "$name: $OPTARG: bad option.  Use -h for help." 1>&2 ; exit 2;;
+    esac
+done
+ 
+# remove args that were options
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
+    echo -e "$Usage\nUse -h for help."
+    exit
+fi
+
+Check()
+{
+    if [ ! -f "$1" ] && $overwrite; then
+	echo "$name: $1: File does not exist." 1>&2
+	return 1
+    elif [ -f "$1" ] && $noover; then
+	if [ $interactive = false ] || [ ! -t 0 ] || [ ! -t 1 ]; then
+	    echo "$name: $1: File exists." 1>&2
+	    return 1
+	else
+	    while :; do
+		echo -n \
+"$name: $1: File exists.  Overwrite? (y)es/(n)o/(a)bort/(Y)es for all: " 1>&2
+		read reply
+		case "$reply" in
+		y*)
+		    echo "$name: Overwriting $1."
+		    return 0
+		    ;;
+		Y*)
+		    echo "$name: Overwriting $1."
+		    interactive=false
+		    noover=false
+		    return 0
+		    ;;
+		[nN]*)
+		    echo "$name: Skipping $2."
+		    return 1
+		    ;;
+		[aA]*)
+		    echo "$name: Aborting."
+		    exit 1
+		    ;;
+		*)
+		    echo "$name: Invalid response." 1>&2
+		    ;;
+		esac
+	    done
+	fi
+    else
+	return 0
+    fi
+}
+
+# i is the index of the filename being examined
+# lastarg is the index of the last filename before the dest directory name
+typeset -i i=0 lastarg=$(($#-1))
+
+# Sets argv[0..$#-1]
+argv=("$@")
+$debug && echo argv = "${argv[@]}" 1>&2
+dest=${argv[lastarg]}
+
+if $debug; then
+    echo \
+"interactive=$interactive noover=$noover overwrite=$overwrite debug=$debug
+lastarg=$lastarg dest=$dest name=$name cmd=$cmd
+files=$*" 1>&2
+fi
+
+if $noover || $overwrite; then
+    $debug && echo "checking for existance of directories..." 1>&2
+    # If the destination is not intended to be a directory...
+    if [ $# -eq 2 ] && [ ! -d "$dest" ]; then
+	Check "$dest" "$1" || exit 0		# No files to copy
+    else
+	while [ $i -lt $lastarg ]; do
+	    Check "$dest/${argv[i]##*/}" "${argv[i]}" || unset argv[i]
+	    let i+=1
+	done
+    fi
+fi
+
+[ ${#argv[@]} -lt 2 ] && exit 0
+
+# If only 2 args are given, mv/cp will not insist that the destination
+# be a directory, which we want if the destination ends in "/" or if
+# the original number of args was >2.
+# $# is still the original number of args.
+# Tack the file name onto the destination to force this behaviour.
+
+lastisslash()
+{
+	case "$1" in
+	*/)	return 0;;
+	*)	return 1;;
+	esac
+}
+
+if [ ${#argv[@]} = 2 ] && { lastisslash "$2" || [ $# -gt 2 ]; }; then
+    $debug && echo "Appending filename." 1>&2
+    # Don't know which element of argv[] holds the source filename, 
+    # since may have started with more than 1 source file & had some unset.
+    # So, compact args to make it easy to find the set one.
+    argv=("${argv[@]}")
+    argv[1]="${argv[1]}/${argv[0]##*/}"
+fi
+
+$debug && echo "Executing command: $cmd ${argv[@]}" 1>&2
+exec $cmd "${argv[@]}"

examples/scripts.v2/pages

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# @(#) pages.sh 1.0 92/09/26
+# 92/09/05 John H. DuBois III (jhdiii@armory.com)
+# 92/09/26 Added help
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax by Chet Ramey
+
+Usage="$0 [-h] [-n lines/page] page-ranges [file ...]"
+
+usage()
+{
+	echo "$Usage" 1>&2
+}
+
+phelp()
+{
+echo "$0: print selected pages.
+Usage: $Usage
+
+If no file names are given, the standard input is read.
+
+The input is grouped into pages and a selected subset of them is printed.
+Formfeeds are acted on correctly.
+
+If the output device does automatic line wrap, lines that longer than
+the width of the output device will result in incorrect output.
+The first non-option argument is a list of pages to print.
+
+Pages are given as a list of ranges separated by commas.
+A range is either one number, two numbers separted by a dash,
+or one number followed by a dash.  A range consisting of one
+number followed by a dash extends to the end of the document.
+
+Options: 
+-n sets the number of lines per page to n.  The default is 66."
+}
+
+while getopts "n:h" opt; do
+	case "$opt" in
+	n)	LinesPerPage=$OPTARG;;
+	h)	phelp; exit 0;;
+	*)	usage; exit 2;;
+	esac
+done
+
+shift $(($OPTIND - 1))
+
+if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo $0: no page ranges given. 1>&2
+    usage
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+PageList=$1
+shift
+
+gawk "
+BEGIN {
+    PageList = \"$PageList\"; LinesPerPage = \"$LinesPerPage\""'
+    if (LinesPerPage == "")
+	LinesPerPage = 66
+    else
+	if (LinesPerPage !~ "[1-9][0-9]*")
+	    ErrExit("Bad value for lines per page: " LinesPerPage)
+    LinesPerPage += 0
+    NumRanges = split(PageList,Ranges,",")
+    for (i = 1; i <= NumRanges; i++) {
+	if ((StartRange = EndRange = Ranges[i]) !~ "^[0-9]+(-([0-9]+)?)?$")
+	    ErrExit("Bad range \"" StartRange "\"")
+	sub("-.*","",StartRange)
+	sub(".*-","",EndRange)
+	if (EndRange == "")
+	    EndRange = 2 ^ 30
+	# Force StartRange and EndRange to be numeric values
+	if ((StartRange += 0) == 0 || (EndRange += 0) == 0)
+	    ErrExit("Invalid page number \"0\" in range " Ranges[i])
+	if (StartRange > EndRange)
+	    ErrExit("Start page comes after end page in range " Ranges[i])
+	TmpRangeStarts[i] = StartRange
+	TmpRangeEnds[i] = EndRange
+    }
+
+    # Sort ranges
+    qsort(TmpRangeStarts,k)
+    RangeEnds[0] = 0
+    for (i = 1; i <= NumRanges; i++) {
+	RangeEnds[i] = TmpRangeEnds[k[i]]
+	if ((RangeStarts[i] = TmpRangeStarts[k[i]]) <= RangeEnds[i - 1])
+	    ErrExit("Overlapping ranges: " Ranges[k[i]] "," Ranges[k[i - 1]])
+    }
+
+    RangeNum = LineNum = PageNum = 1
+    InRange = In(PageNum,RangeStarts[RangeNum],RangeEnds[RangeNum])
+    FS = "\014"
+}
+
+{
+    if (LineNum > LinesPerPage)
+	NewPage()
+    if (InRange)
+	printf "%s",$1
+    # Deal with formfeeds
+    for (i = 2; i <= NF; i++) {
+	if (InRange)
+	    printf "\014"
+	NewPage()
+	if (InRange)
+	    printf "%s",$i
+    }
+    if (InRange)
+	print ""
+    LineNum++
+}
+
+function NewPage() {
+    PageNum++
+    LineNum = 1
+    # At the start of each page, check whether we are in a print range
+    WereInRange = InRange
+    InRange = In(PageNum,RangeStarts[RangeNum],RangeEnds[RangeNum])
+    # If last page was in range and we no longer are, move to next range
+    if (WereInRange && !InRange && ++RangeNum > NumRanges)
+	exit
+}
+
+function In(a,Min,Max) {
+    return (Min <= a && a <= Max)
+}
+
+function ErrExit(S) {
+    print S > "/dev/stderr"
+    Err = 1
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# Arr is an array of values with arbitrary indices.
+# Array k is returned with numeric indices 1..n.
+# The values in k are the indices of array arr, 
+# ordered so that if array arr is stepped through
+# in the order arr[k[1]] .. arr[k[n]], it will be stepped
+# through in order of the values of its elements.
+# The return value is the number of elements in the array (n).
+function qsort(arr,k,  ArrInd,end) {
+    end = 0
+    for (ArrInd in arr)
+	k[++end] = ArrInd;
+    qsortseg(arr,k,1,end);
+    return end
+}
+
+function qsortseg(arr,k,start,end,  left,right,sepval,tmp,tmpe,tmps) {
+    # handle two-element case explicitely for a tiny speedup
+    if ((end - start) == 1) {
+	if (arr[tmps = k[start]] > arr[tmpe = k[end]]) {
+	    k[start] = tmpe
+	    k[end] = tmps
+	}
+	return
+    }
+    left = start;
+    right = end;
+    sepval = arr[k[int((left + right) / 2)]]
+    # Make every element <= sepval be to the left of every element > sepval
+    while (left < right) {
+	while (arr[k[left]] < sepval)
+	    left++
+	while (arr[k[right]] > sepval)
+	    right--
+	if (left < right) {
+	    tmp = k[left]
+	    k[left++] = k[right]
+	    k[right--] = tmp 
+	}
+    }
+    if (left == right)
+	if (arr[k[left]] < sepval)
+	    left++
+	else
+	    right--
+    if (start < right)
+	qsortseg(arr,k,start,right)
+    if (left < end)
+	qsortseg(arr,k,left,end)
+}
+' "$@"

examples/scripts.v2/pf

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+#
+# @(#) p.ksh 1.1 93/11/09
+# p: page compressed & plain files in the order given 
+# 92/01/23 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 92/02/14 changed incorrect zpack to pcat
+# 92/02/16 added help
+# 92/10/11 search for file.Z and file.z if file not found
+# 92/10/18 pass options to pager
+# 93/11/09 Understand gzipped files too
+#          Wait after printing message about unreadable files
+#          Make less prompt include name of file being uncompressed
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 by Chet Ramey; renamed to pf
+#
+DefPager=/local/bin/less
+
+istrue()
+{
+	test 0 -ne "$1"
+}
+
+warn()
+{
+	echo "$@" 1>&2
+}
+
+if [ "$1" = -h ]; then
+    echo \
+"$0: page a file.
+Usage: $0 [pager-option ...] [filename ...]
+Files are paged by the program specified in the user's PAGER
+environment variable, or by $DefPager if PAGER is not set.
+If no filename is given, text to page is read from the standard input.
+If filenames are given, they are either paged directly, or unpacked/
+uncompressed and then paged.  Files are assumed to be in packed, compressed,
+or gzipped format if the filename ends in .Z, .z, or .gz respectively.
+If a filename that does not end in .Z, .z, or .gz is not found, it is
+searched for with one of those extensions attached.
+Each group of plain files is paged by a single instance of the pager.
+Each packed or compressed file is paged by a separate instance of the
+pager. 
+Initial arguments beginning with + or - are taken to be pager options and
+are passed to each instance of the pager.  
+If a pager option takes a value it should be given with the option as a
+single argument (with no space between the option and the value)."
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+# Get pager options
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+    case "$1" in
+    -*|+*)	Opts="$Opts $1" ; shift;;
+    *)	break;;
+    esac
+done
+
+[ -z "$PAGER" ] && PAGER=$DefPager
+
+# Read from stdin
+[ $# = 0 ] && exec $PAGER $Opts
+
+typeset -i filenum=0 badfile=0
+
+for file; do
+    if [ ! -r "$file" ]; then
+	case "$file" in
+	*.[Zz]|*.gz)
+		# Check if user specified a compressed file without giving its extension
+		for ext in Z z gz; do
+		    if [ -r "$file.$ext" ]; then
+			file="$file.$ext"
+			break
+		    fi
+		done;;
+	esac
+    fi
+    if [ ! -r "$file" ]; then
+	warn "$file: cannot read."
+	badfile=1
+    else
+	files[filenum]=$file
+	let filenum+=1
+    fi
+done
+
+if istrue $badfile && [ $filenum -gt 0 ]; then
+    echo -n "Press return to continue..." 1>&2
+    read
+fi
+
+unset plain
+
+for file in "${files[@]}"; do
+    case "$file" in
+    *.[zZ]|*.gz)
+	set -- Z zcat z pcat gz gzcat
+	# Find correct uncompression program
+	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+	    case "$file" in
+	    *.$1)
+		# Page any uncompressed files so that they will be read
+		# in the correct order
+		[ ${#plain[@]} -gt 0 ] && $PAGER $Opts "${plain[@]}"
+		unset plain[*]
+		# If page is less, set the prompt to include the name of
+		# the file being uncompressed.  Escape the . in the extension
+		# because less treats is specially in prompts (other dots
+		# in filenames will still be mucked with).
+		case "$PAGER" in
+		*less)  Prompt="-P[${file%.$1}\\.$1] (%pb\\%)" ;;
+		*)	unset Prompt ;;
+		esac
+		$2 "$file" | $PAGER "$Prompt" $Opts
+		break
+	    esac
+	    shift 2
+	done
+	;;
+    *)	plain[${#plain[@]}]=$file;;
+    esac
+done
+
+# Page any uncompressed files that haven't been paged yet
+[ ${#plain[@]} -gt 0 ] && exec $PAGER $Opts "${plain[@]}"

examples/scripts.v2/pmtop

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# pmtop - poor man's `top' for SunOS 4.x
+#
+
+CLEAR=clear	# could also be 'tput clear'
+HEADER="USER       PID %CPU %MEM   SZ  RSS TT STAT START  TIME COMMAND"
+
+if [ -n "$LINES" ]; then
+	SS=$(( $LINES - 2 ))
+else
+	SS=20
+fi
+
+while :
+do
+	$CLEAR
+	echo "$HEADER"
+	ps -aux | sort -nr -k 3 | sed ${SS}q
+	sleep 5
+done
+
+exit 0
+
+	

examples/scripts.v2/ren

@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#@ This program came from: ftp://ftp.armory.com/pub/scripts/ren
+#@ Look there for the latest version.
+#@ If you don't find it, look through http://www.armory.com/~ftp/
+#
+# @(#) ren 2.1.1 2002-03-17
+# 1990-06-01 John H. DuBois III (john@armory.com)
+# 1991-02-25 Improved help info
+# 1992-06-07 Remove quotes from around shell pattern as required by new ksh
+# 1994-05-10 Exit if no globbing chars given.
+# 1995-01-23 Allow filename set to be given on command line.
+# 1997-09-24 1.4 Let [] be used for globbing.  Added x option.
+# 1997-11-26 1.4.1 Notice if the sequences of globbing chars aren't the same.
+# 1999-05-13 Changed name to ren to avoid conflict with /etc/rename
+# 2000-01-01 1.4.2 Let input patterns that contain whitespace be used.
+# 2001-02-14 1.5 Better test for whether old & new globbing seqs are identical.
+# 2001-02-20 1.6 Added pP options.
+# 2001-02-27 1.7 Added qf options.  Improved interpretation of rename patterns.
+# 2001-05-10 1.8 Allow multiple pP options.  Added Qr options.
+# 2001-07-25 2.0 Added mz options.
+# 2001-11-25 2.1 Allow segment ranges to be given with -m.  Work under ksh93.
+# 2002-03-17 2.1.1 Fixed bug in test for legal expressions.
+
+# todo: It would be nice to be able to escape metacharacters with '\'
+# todo: Should enhance patterns to make ] in a pair of brackets work ([]])
+# todo: Allow use of all ksh globbing patterns.
+# todo: Allow use of extended regexps, with () to enumerate pieces and \num to
+# todo: select them.
+#
+# Modifications for bash made by Chet Ramey <chet@po.cwru.edu>
+
+name=${0##*/}
+Usage="Usage:
+$name [-fhqtv] [-m<segstart[:segend]=operation>] [-z<len>] [-[pP]<pattern>] 
+    oldpattern [newpattern [filename ...]]
+or
+$name -r [same options as above] oldpattern newpattern directory ..."
+tell=false
+verbose=false
+warn=true
+warnNoFiles=true
+debug=false
+recurse=false
+inclPat=
+exclPat=
+declare -i inclCt=0 exclCt=0
+check=true
+declare -i j op_end_seg
+
+# Begin bash additions
+shopt -s extglob
+
+#
+# ksh print emulation
+#
+#	print [-Rnprsu[n]] [-f format] [arg ...]
+#
+#	-	end of options
+#	-R	BSD-style -- only accept -n, no escapes
+#	-n	do not add trailing newline
+#	-p	no-op (no coprocesses)
+#	-r	no escapes
+#	-s	print to the history file
+#	-u n	redirect output to fd n
+#	-f format	printf "$format" "$@"
+#
+
+print()
+{
+	local eflag=-e
+	local nflag= fflag= c
+	local fd=1
+
+	OPTIND=1
+	while getopts "fRnprsu:" c
+	do
+		case $c in
+		R)	eflag= ;;
+		r)	eflag= ;;
+		n)	nflag=-n ;;
+		s)	sflag=y ;;
+		f)	fflag=y ;;
+		u)	fd=$OPTARG ;;
+		p)	;;
+		esac
+	done
+	shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 ))
+
+	if [ -n "$fflag" ]; then
+		builtin printf "$@" >&$fd
+		return
+	fi
+
+	case "$sflag" in
+	y)	builtin history -s "$*" ;;
+	*)	builtin echo $eflag $nflag "$@" >&$fd
+	esac
+}
+
+# End bash additions
+
+while getopts :htvxp:P:fqQrm:z: opt; do
+    case $opt in
+    h)
+	print -r -- \
+"$name: rename files by changing parts of filenames that match a pattern.
+$Usage
+oldpattern and newpattern are subsets of sh filename patterns; the only
+globbing operators (wildcards) allowed are ?, *, and [].  All filenames that
+match oldpattern will be renamed with the filename characters that match the
+constant (non-globbing) characters of oldpattern changed to the corresponding
+constant characters of newpattern.  The characters of the filename that match
+the globbing operators of oldpattern will be preserved.  Globbing operators
+in oldpattern must occur in the same order in newpattern; for every globbing
+operators in newpattern there must be an identical globbing operators in
+oldpattern in the same sequence.  Both arguments should be quoted since
+globbing operators are special to the shell.  If filenames are given, only
+those named are acted on; if not, all filenames that match oldpattern are acted
+on.  newpattern is required in all cases except when -m is given and no further
+arguments are given.
+If you are unsure whether a $name command will do what you intend, issue it
+with the -t option first to be sure.
+Examples:
+$name \"/tmp/foo*.ba.?\" \"/tmp/new*x?\"
+    All filenames in /tmp that match foo*.ba.? will have the \"foo\" part
+    replaced by \"new\" and the \".ba.\" part replaced by \"x\".
+    For example, /tmp/fooblah.ba.baz would be renamed to /tmp/newblahxbaz.
+$name \* \*- foo bar baz
+    foo, bar, and baz will be renamed to foo-, bar-, and baz-.
+$name '????????' '????-??-??'
+    All filenames that are 8 characters long will be changed such that dashes
+    are inserted after the 4th and 6th characters.
+Options:
+-h: Print this help.
+-r: Recursive operation.  Filenames given on the command line after oldpattern
+    and newpattern are taken to be directories to traverse recursively.  For
+    each subdirectory found, the specified renaming is applied to any matching
+    filenames.  oldpattern and newpattern should not include any directory
+    components.
+-p<pattern>, -P<pattern>: Act only on filenames that do (if -p is given) or do
+    not (if -P is given) match the sh-style filename globbing pattern
+    <pattern>.  This further restricts the filenames that are acted on, beyond
+    the filename selection produced by oldpattern and the filename list (if
+    any).  <pattern> must be quoted to prevent it from being interpreted by the
+    shell.  Multiple instances of these options may be given.  In this case,
+    filenames are acted on only if they match at least one of the patterns
+    given with -p and do not match any of the patterns given with -P.
+-m<segstart[:segend]=operation>: For each file being renamed, perform a
+    mathematical operation on the string that results from concatenating
+    together the filename segments that matched globbing operator numbers
+    segstart through segend, where operators are numbered in order of
+    occurrence from the left.  For example, in the pattern a?b*c[0-9]f, segment
+    1 consists of the character that matched ?, segment 2 consists of the
+    character(s) that matched *, and segment 3 consists of the character that
+    matched [0-9].  The selected segments are replaced with the result of the
+    mathematical operation.
+    The concatenated string must consist of characters that can be interpreted
+    as a decimal integer; if it does not, the filename is not acted on.  This
+    number is assigned to the variable 'i', which can be referenced by the
+    operation.  The operations available are those understood by the ksh
+    interpreter, which includes most of the operators and syntax of the C
+    language.  The original filename segment is replaced by the result of the
+    operation.  If -m is used, newpattern may be an empty string or not given
+    at all (if no directory/file names are given).  In this case, it is taken
+    to be the same as oldpattern.
+    If segend is given, any fixed text that occurs in the pattern between the
+    starting and ending globbing segments is discarded.  If there are fewer
+    globbing segments than segend, no complaint is issued; the string is formed
+    from segment segstart through the last segment that does exist.
+    If segend is not given, the only segment acted on is startseg.
+    Examples:
+    $name -m3=i+6 '??*.ppm'
+	This is equivalent to:
+	$name -m3=i+6 '??*.ppm' '??*.ppm'
+	Since the old pattern and new pattern are identical, this would
+	normally be a no-op.  But in this case, if a filename of ab079.ppm is
+	given, it is changed to ab85.ppm.
+    $name '-m1:2=i*2' 'foo??bar'
+	This will change a file named foo12bar to foo24bar
+    $name '-m1:2=i*2' 'foo?xyz?bar'
+	This will also change a file named foo1xyz2bar to foo24bar
+-z<len>: Set the size of the number fields that result when -m is used.  The
+    field is truncated to the trailing <len> digits or filled out to <len>
+    digits with leading zeroes.  In the above example, if -z3 is given, the
+    output filename will be ab085.ppm.  
+-f: Force rename.  By default, $name will not rename files if a file with the
+    new filename already exists.  If -f is given, $name will carry out the
+    rename anyway.
+-q: Quiet operation.  By default, if -f is given, $name will still notify the
+    user if a rename results in replacement of an already-existing filename. 
+    If -q is given, no notification is issued.
+-Q: Suppress other warnings.  By default, a warning is issued if no files are
+    selected for acting upon.  If -Q is given, no warning is issued.
+-v: Show the rename commands being executed.
+-t: Show what rename commands would be done, but do not carry them out."
+	exit 0
+	;;
+    f)
+	check=false
+	;;
+    q)
+	warn=false
+	;;
+    Q)
+	warnNoFiles=false
+	;;
+    r)
+	warnNoFiles=false
+	recurse=true
+	;;
+    t)
+	tell=true
+	;;
+    v)
+	verbose=true
+	;;
+    x)
+	verbose=true
+	debug=true
+	;;
+    p)
+	inclPats[inclCt]=$OPTARG
+	((inclCt+=1))
+	;;
+    P)
+	exclPats[exclCt]=$OPTARG
+	((exclCt+=1))
+	;;
+    m)
+	# Store operation for each segment number in ops[num]
+	# Store ending segment number in op_end_seg[num]
+	range=${OPTARG%%=*}
+	op=${OPTARG#*=}
+	start=${range%%:*}
+	end=${range#*:}
+	if [[ "$start" != +([0-9]) || "$start" -eq 0 ]]; then
+	    print -ru2 -- "$name: Bad starting segment number given with -m: $start"
+	    exit 1
+	fi
+	if [[ "$end" != +([0-9]) || "$end" -eq 0 ]]; then
+	    print -ru2 -- "$name: Bad ending segment number given with -m: $end"
+	    exit 1
+	fi
+	if [[ start -gt end ]]; then
+	    print -ru2 -- "$name: Ending segment ($end) is less than starting segment ($start)"
+	    exit 1
+	fi
+	if [[ "$op" != @(|*[!_a-zA-Z0-9])i@(|[!_a-zA-Z0-9]*) ]]; then
+	    print -ru2 -- \
+	    "$name: Operation given with -m does not reference 'i': $op"
+	    exit 1
+	fi
+	# Test whether operation is legal.  let returns 1 both for error
+	# indication and when last expression evaluates to 0, so evaluate 1
+	# after test expression.
+	i=1
+	let "$op" 1 2>/dev/null || {
+	    print -ru2 -- \
+	    "$name: Bad operation given with -m: $op"
+	    exit 1
+	}
+	ops[start]=$op
+	op_end_seg[start]=$end
+	;;
+    z)
+	if [[ "$OPTARG" != +([0-9]) || "$OPTARG" -eq 0 ]]; then
+	    print -ru2 -- "$name: Bad length given with -z: $OPTARG"
+	    exit 1
+	fi
+	typeset -Z$OPTARG j || exit 1
+	;;
+    +?)	# no way to tell getopts to not treat +x as an option
+	print -r -u2 "$name: Do not prefix options with '+'."
+	exit 1
+	;;
+    :) 
+	print -r -u2 \
+"$name: Option -$OPTARG requires a value.
+$Usage
+Use -h for help."
+	exit 1
+	;;
+    \?) 
+	print -r -u2 \
+"$name: -$OPTARG: no such option.
+$Usage
+Use -h for help."
+	exit 1
+	;;
+    esac
+done
+ 
+# remove args that were options
+let OPTIND=OPTIND-1
+shift $OPTIND
+
+oldpat=$1
+newpat=$2
+
+# If -m is given, a non-existant or null newpat should be set to oldpat
+if [ ${#ops[*]} -gt 0 ]; then
+    case $# in
+    0)
+	;;
+    1)
+	set -- "$oldpat" "$oldpat"
+	newpat=$oldpat
+	$debug && print -ru2 -- "Set new pattern to: $newpat"
+	;;
+    *)
+	if [ -z "$newpat" ]; then
+	    shift 2
+	    set -- "$oldpat" "$oldpat" "$@"
+	    newpat=$oldpat
+	    $debug && print -ru2 -- "Set new pattern to: $newpat"
+	fi
+	;;
+    esac
+fi
+
+# Make sure input patterns that contain whitespace can be expanded properly
+IFS=
+
+origPat=$oldpat
+
+# Generate list of filenames to act on.
+case $# in
+[01])
+    print -u2 "$Usage\nUse -h for help."
+    exit 1
+    ;;
+2)
+    if $recurse; then
+	print -r -u2 "$name: No directory names given with -r.  Use -h for help."
+	exit 1
+    fi
+    set -- $oldpat	# Get list of all filenames that match 1st globbing pattern.
+    if [[ ! -a $1 ]]; then
+	$warnNoFiles && print -r -- "$name: No filenames match this pattern: $oldpat"
+	exit
+    fi
+    ;;
+*)
+    shift 2
+    ;;
+esac
+
+integer patSegNum=1 numPatSegs
+
+# For old ksh
+# while [[ "$oldpat" = *'[\*\?]'* ]]; do
+
+# Example oldpat: foo*.a
+# Example newpat: bar*.b
+
+# Build list of non-pattern segments and globbing segments found in arguments.
+# Note the patterns given are used to get the list of filenames to act on,
+# to delimit constant segments, and to determine which parts of filenames are
+# to be replaced.
+# Examples given for first iteration (in the example, the only iteration)
+# The || newpat  is to ensure that new pattern does not have more globbing
+# segments than old pattern
+while [[ "$oldpat" = *@([\*\?]|\[+([!\]])\])* ||
+         "$newpat" = *@([\*\?]|\[+([!\]])\])* ]]; do
+    ## Get leftmost globbing pattern in oldpat
+
+    # Make r be oldpat with smallest left piece that includes a globbing
+    # pattern removed from it
+    r=${oldpat#*@([\*\?]|\[+([!\]])\])}	# r=.a
+    # Make pat be oldpat with the above removed from it, leaving smallest
+    # left piece that includes a globbing pattern
+    pat=${oldpat%%"$r"}			# pat=foo*
+    # Make l be pat with the globbing pattern removed from the right,
+    # leaving a constant string
+    l=${pat%@([\*\?]|\[+([!\]])\])}	# l=foo
+    # Remove the constant part of pat from the left, leaving the globbing
+    # pattern
+    pat=${pat#"$l"}			# pat=*
+
+    # Do the same thing for newpat, solely to provide a reliable test that
+    # both oldpat & newpat contain exactly the same sequence of globbing
+    # patterns.
+    r=${newpat#*@([\*\?]|\[+([!\]])\])}	# r=.b
+    npat=${newpat%%"$r"}		# pat=bar*
+    l=${npat%@([\*\?]|\[+([!\]])\])}	# l=bar
+    npat=${npat#"$l"}			# npat=*
+
+    if [[ "$pat" != "$npat" ]]; then
+	print -ru2 -- \
+"$name: Old-pattern and new-pattern do not have the same sequence of globbing chars.
+Pattern segment $patSegNum: Old pattern: $pat  New pattern: $npat"
+	exit 1
+    fi
+
+    ## Find parts before & after pattern
+    # oldpre[] stores the old constant part before the pattern,
+    # so that it can be removed and replaced with the new constant part.
+    oldpre[patSegNum]=${oldpat%%"$pat"*}	# oldpre[1]=foo
+    # oldsuf stores the part that follows the globbing pattern,
+    # so that it too can be removed.
+    # After oldpre[] & oldsuf[] have been removed from a filename, what remains
+    # is the part matched by the globbing pattern, which is to be retained.
+    oldsuf[patSegNum]=${oldpat#*"$pat"}		# oldsuf[1]=.a
+    # newpre[] stores the new constant part before the pattern,
+    # so that it can be used to replace the old constant part.
+    newpre[patSegNum]=${newpat%%"$pat"*}	# newpre[1]=bar
+    # Get rid of processed part of patterns
+    oldpat=${oldpat#${oldpre[patSegNum]}"$pat"}	# oldpat=.a
+    newpat=${newpat#${newpre[patSegNum]}"$pat"}	# newpat=.b
+    # Store either * or ? in pats[], depending on whether this segment matches 1
+    # or any number of characters.
+    [[ "$pat" = \[* ]] && pat=?
+    pats[patSegNum]=$pat
+    ((patSegNum+=1))
+done
+
+if [ patSegNum -eq 1 ]; then
+    print -u2 "No globbing chars in pattern."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+oldpre[patSegNum]=${oldpat%%"$pat"*}	# oldpre[2]=.a
+oldsuf[patSegNum]=${oldpat#*"$pat"}	# oldsuf[2]=.a
+newpre[patSegNum]=${newpat%%"$pat"*}	# newpre[2]=.b
+
+numPatSegs=patSegNum
+
+if $debug; then
+    patSegNum=1
+    while [[ patSegNum -le numPatSegs ]]; do
+	print -ru2 -- \
+"Old prefix: <${oldpre[patSegNum]}>   Old suffix: <${oldsuf[patSegNum]}>   New prefix: <${newpre[patSegNum]}>   Pattern: <${pats[patSegNum]}>"
+	((patSegNum+=1))
+    done
+fi
+
+# Example filename: foox.a
+# Example oldpat: foo*.a
+# Example newpat: bar*.b
+
+integer numFiles=0
+
+# Usage: renameFile filename [dirname]
+# [dirname] is a directory name to prefix filenames with when they are printed
+# for informational purposes.
+# Uses globals:
+#     inclCt exclCt inclPats[] exclPats[] ops[]
+#     numPatSegs oldpre[] oldsuf[] newpre[] pats[]
+#     check warn tell verbose name
+# Modifies globals: numFiles
+function renameFile {
+    typeset file=$1 subdir=$2
+    integer patSegNum patnum
+    typeset origname porigname newfile matchtext pnewfile matchsegs
+    integer startseg endseg
+
+    origname=$file	# origname=foox.a
+    porigname=$subdir$file
+    # Unfortunately, ksh88 does not do a good job of allowing for patterns
+    # stored in variables.  Without the conditional expression being eval'ed,
+    # only sh patterns are recognized.  If the expression is eval'ed, full
+    # ksh expressions can be used, but then expressions that contain whitespace
+    # break unless the user passed a pattern with the whitespace properly
+    # quoted, which is not intuititive.  This is fixed in ksh93; full patterns
+    # work without being eval'ed.
+    if [ inclCt -gt 0 ]; then
+	patnum=0
+	while [ patnum -lt inclCt ]; do
+	    [[ "$file" = ${inclPats[patnum]} ]] && break
+	    ((patnum+=1))
+	done
+	if [ patnum -eq inclCt ]; then
+	    $debug && print -ru2 -- "Skipping not-included filename '$porigname'"
+	    return 1
+	fi
+    fi
+    patnum=0
+    while [ patnum -lt exclCt ]; do
+	if [[ "$file" = ${exclPats[patnum]} ]]; then
+	    $debug && print -ru2 -- "Skipping excluded filename '$porigname'"
+	    return 1
+	fi
+	((patnum+=1))
+    done
+    # Extract matching segments from filename
+    ((numFiles+=1))
+    patSegNum=1
+    while [[ patSegNum -le numPatSegs ]]; do
+	# Remove a fixed prefix		iteration:	1		2
+	file=${file#${oldpre[patSegNum]}}			# file=x.a	file=
+	# Save the part of this suffix that is to be retained.  To do this, we
+	# need to know what part of the suffix matched the current globbing
+	# segment.  If the globbing segment is a *, this is done by removing
+	# the minimum part of the suffix that matches oldsuf (since * matches
+	# the longest segment possible).  If the globbing segment is ? or []
+	# (the latter has already been coverted to ?), it is done by taking the
+	# next character.
+	if [ "${pats[patSegNum]}" == \? ]; then
+	    matchtext=${file#?}
+	    matchtext=${file%$matchtext}
+	else
+	    matchtext=${file%${oldsuf[patSegNum]}}		# matchtext=x	matchtext=
+	fi
+	$debug && print -ru2 -- "Matching segment $patSegNum: $matchtext"
+	file=${file#$matchtext}				# file=.a	file=.a
+
+	matchsegs[patSegNum]=$matchtext
+	((patSegNum+=1))
+    done
+
+    # Paste fixed and matching segments together to form new filename.
+    patSegNum=0
+    newfile=
+    while [[ patSegNum -le numPatSegs ]]; do
+	matchtext=${matchsegs[patSegNum]}
+	startseg=patSegNum
+	if [ -n "${ops[startseg]}" ]; then
+	    endseg=${op_end_seg[startseg]}
+	    while [ patSegNum -lt endseg ]; do
+		((patSegNum+=1))
+		matchtext=$matchtext${matchsegs[patSegNum]}
+	    done
+	    if [[ "$matchtext" != +([-0-9]) ]]; then
+		print -ru2 -- \
+"Segment(s) $startseg - $endseg ($matchtext) of file '$porigname' do not form an integer; skipping this file."
+		return 2
+	    fi
+	    i=$matchtext
+	    let "j=${ops[startseg]}" || {
+		print -ru2 -- \
+"Operation failed on segment(s) $startseg - $endseg ($matchtext) of file '$file'; skipping this file."
+		return 2
+	    }
+	    $debug && print -ru2 -- "Converted $matchtext to $j"
+	    matchtext=$j
+	fi
+	newfile=$newfile${newpre[startseg]}$matchtext		# newfile=barx	newfile=barx.b
+	((patSegNum+=1))
+    done
+
+    pnewfile=$subdir$newfile
+    if $check && [ -e "$newfile" ]; then
+	$warn &&
+	print -ru2 -- "$name: Not renaming \"$porigname\"; destination filename \"$pnewfile\" already exists."
+	return 2
+    fi
+    if $tell; then
+	print -n -r -- "Would move: $porigname -> $pnewfile"
+	$warn && [ -e "$newfile" ] && print -n -r " (destination filename already exists; would replace it)"
+	print ""
+    else
+	if $verbose; then
+	    print -n -r -- "Moving: $porigname -> $pnewfile"
+	    $warn && [ -e "$newfile" ] && print -n -r -- " (replacing old destination filename \"$pnewfile\")"
+	    print ""
+	elif $warn && [ -e "$newfile" ]; then
+	    print -r -- "$name: Note: Replacing old file \"$pnewfile\""
+	fi
+	mv -f -- "$origname" "$newfile"
+    fi
+}
+
+if $recurse; then
+    oPWD=$PWD
+    find "$@" -depth -type d ! -name '*
+*' -print | while read dir; do
+	cd -- "$oPWD"
+	if cd -- "$dir"; then
+	    for file in $origPat; do
+		renameFile "$file" "$dir/"
+	    done
+	else
+	    print -ru2 -- "$name: Could not access directory '$dir' - skipped."
+	fi
+    done
+else
+    for file; do
+	renameFile "$file"
+    done
+fi
+
+if [ numFiles -eq 0 ]; then
+    $warnNoFiles && print -ru2 -- \
+    "$name: All filenames were excluded by patterns given with -p or -P."
+fi

examples/scripts.v2/rename

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# @(#) rename.ksh 1.1 94/05/10
+# 90/06/01 John DuBois (spcecdt@armory.com)
+# 91/02/25 Improved help info
+# 92/06/07 remove quotes from around shell pattern as required by new ksh
+# 94/05/10 Exit if no globbing chars given.
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax by Chet Ramey
+
+phelp()
+{
+echo "$usage
+All files that match oldpattern will be renamed with the
+filename components that match the constant parts of oldpattern
+changed to the corresponding constant parts of newpattern.
+The components of the filename that match variable parts of
+oldpattern will be preserved.  Variable parts in oldpattern
+must occur in the same order in newpattern.  Variables parts
+can be '?' and '*'.
+Example: 
+rename \"/tmp/foo*.ba.?\" \"/tmp/new*x?\"
+All files in /tmp that match foo*.ba.? will have the \"foo\" part
+replaced by \"new\" and the \".ba.\" part replaced by \"x\"."
+}
+
+usage="usage: $name [-htv] oldpattern newpattern"
+name=${0##/}
+
+while getopts "htv" opt; do
+    case "$opt" in
+    t) tell=true;;
+    v) verbose=true;;
+    h) phelp; exit 0;;
+    *) echo "$name: $usage" 1>&2; exit 2;;
+    esac
+done
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
+    phelp
+    exit 2
+fi
+
+oldpat=$1
+newpat=$2
+
+set -- $1
+if [ ! -e "$1" ]; then
+    echo "$name: no files match $oldpat."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+typeset -i i=1 j
+
+# Example oldpat: foo*.a
+# Example newpat: bar*.b
+
+# Examples given for first iteration (in the example, the only interation)
+while :; do
+    case "$oldpat" in
+    *[\*\?]*)	;;
+    *)		break;;
+    esac
+
+    # Get leftmost globbing pattern in oldpat
+    pat=${oldpat#*[\*\?]}	# pat=.a
+    pat=${oldpat%%"$pat"}	# pat=foo*
+    pat=${pat##*[!\?\*]}	# pat=*
+    # Find parts before & after pattern
+    oldpre[i]=${oldpat%%"$pat"*}	# oldpre[1]=foo
+    oldsuf[i]=${oldpat#*"$pat"}		# oldsuf[1]=.a
+    newpre[i]=${newpat%%"$pat"*}	# newpre[1]=bar
+    # Get rid of processed part of patterns
+    oldpat=${oldpat#${oldpre[i]}"$pat"}	# oldpat=.a
+    newpat=${newpat#${newpre[i]}"$pat"}	# newpat=.b
+    let i=i+1
+done
+
+if [ $i -eq 1 ]; then
+    echo "No globbing chars in pattern." 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+oldpre[i]=${oldpat%%"$pat"*}	# oldpre[2]=.a
+oldsuf[i]=${oldpat#*"$pat"}	# oldsuf[2]=.a
+newpre[i]=${newpat%%"$pat"*}	# newpre[2]=.b
+
+if [ -n "$verbose" ]; then
+    j=1
+    while let "j < i"; do
+	echo \
+"Old prefix: ${oldpre[j]}   Old suffix: ${oldsuf[j]}   New prefix: ${newpre[j]}"
+	let j=j+1
+    done
+fi
+
+# Example file: foox.a
+
+for file; do
+    j=1
+    origname=$file	# origname=foox.a
+    newfile=
+    while let "j <= i"; do
+	# Peel off a prefix	interation	1		2
+	file=${file#${oldpre[j]}}		# file=x.a	file=
+	# Save the part of this prefix that is to be retained
+	const=${file%${oldsuf[j]}}		# const=x	const=
+	newfile=$newfile${newpre[j]}$const	# newfile=barx	newfile=barx.b
+	file=${file#$const}			# file=.a	file=.a
+	let j=j+1
+    done
+    if [ -n "$tell" ]; then
+	echo "Would move \"$origname\" to \"$newfile\"."
+    else
+	if [ -n "$verbose" ]; then
+	    echo "Moving \"$origname\" to \"$newfile\"."
+	fi
+	mv $origname $newfile
+    fi
+done

examples/scripts.v2/repeat

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# repeat: repeat a command.
+# @(#) repeat.ksh 1.1 93/06/03
+# 90/05 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 90/11 added help
+# 93/06/03 Added s, h, p, and v options
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+
+istrue()
+{
+	test 0 -ne "$1"
+}
+
+isfalse()
+{
+	test 0 -eq "$1"
+}
+
+phelp()
+{
+echo "$name: repeatedly execute a command line.
+$Usage
+commandline is executed once for each integer from startcount through endcount
+inclusive.  The default for startcount is 1 if a positive endcount or no
+endcount is given, and -1 if a negative endcount is given.  A count
+parameter consisting of a single number is taken to be an endcount.  If
+only an endcount is given and it is positive, commandline is executed
+endcount times.  endcount may be less than startcount.  If no endcount is
+given (e.g. a count parameter of \"10-\"), commandline execution repeats
+indefinitely with the iteration variable incrementing in a positive
+direction.  A count parameter of consisting of \"-\" will repeat
+indefinitely starting with 1.
+
+Note that quoting and variables in commandline are interpreted twice, once
+when it is passed to the repeat command, and once when it is actually executed.
+
+The iteration variable is \"count\".  If \$count is used in commandline, make
+sure it is quoted with ' or \.
+
+Options:
+-h: Print this help.
+-p: Print value of iteration variable on stderr before each iteration.
+-s <sec>: sleep for <sec> seconds after each iteration except the last.
+-v: Print start and end values before beginning."
+}
+
+name=${0##*/}
+Usage="Usage: repeat [-hpv] [-s <sec>] [[startcount]-][endcount] command [arg ...]"
+
+typeset -i count=1 forever=0 sleep=0 print=0 verbose=0
+
+while getopts :0123456789hpvs: opt; do
+    case $opt in
+    h) phelp; exit 0;;
+    s) sleep=$OPTARG || exit 1;;
+    p) print=1;;
+    v)verbose=1;;
+    [0-9]) break;;
+    +?) echo "$name: options should not be preceded by a '+'." 1>&2; exit 2;;
+    ?)  echo "$name: $OPTARG: bad option.  Use -h for help." 1>&2; exit 2;;
+    esac
+done
+ 
+# remove args that were options
+shift $((OPTIND-1))
+
+if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
+    echo -e "$Usage\nUse -h for help." 1>&2
+    exit 2
+fi
+
+case "$1" in
+-[0-9]*-|[0-9]*-)
+    # Start value only
+    count=${1%-}
+    forever=1
+    end="-1";
+    ;;
+-[0-9]*-[0-9]*|[0-9]*-[0-9]*)
+    # Start and end value
+    s=${1%-}
+    end=${s##[0-9]*-}
+    count=${s%-$end}
+    ;;
+-[0-9]*|[0-9]*)
+    end=$1
+    case "$end" in
+    -\*)	count=-1;;
+    esac
+    ;;
+-)
+    forever=1
+    end="-1";
+    ;;
+*) 
+    echo "$name: bad count parameter: $1" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+    ;;
+esac
+
+shift
+
+[ -z "$end" ] && [ $count -le "$end" ] && increment=1 || increment=-1
+
+istrue $verbose && echo "start=$count end=$end" 1>&2
+
+# Need to do this here so that up to this point, -0 will keep the leading -
+# and end will not be 0 if no value assigned
+typeset -i end
+
+let end+=increment	# make loop inclusive of original endcount
+
+while istrue $forever || [ $count -ne $end ]; do
+    istrue $print && echo $count 1>&2
+    eval "$@"
+    istrue $sleep && sleep $sleep
+    let count+=increment
+done

examples/scripts.v2/shprof

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# shprof - a line profiler for shell scripts
+#
+# adapted from a similar program included in `The New KornShell' by
+# Bolsky and Korn and posted to usenet by bsh20858@challenger.fhda.edu
+#
+# converted to bash v2 syntax by Chet Ramey
+#
+TMPFILE=${TMP:-/tmp}/shprof$$
+
+trap 'rm -f $TMPFILE' EXIT
+
+errexit()
+{
+	echo $0: "$@" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# create script with profiling enabled
+cat > $TMPFILE <<- \_EOF_
+	declare -a _line
+	_profend()
+	{
+		case "$1" in
+		/*|./*)	file="$1" ;;
+		*) file=$(type -path "$1") ;;
+		esac
+
+		echo "*** line profile for $file ***"
+		i=1;
+		while read -r && [ $i -le $NLINE ]; do
+			count=${_line[$i]}
+			if [ "$count" -gt 0 ]; then
+				echo "[$count] $i: $REPLY"
+			fi
+			i=$((i + 1))
+		done <$file
+_EOF_
+# make the profiling script remove itself after printing line stats
+echo "rm -f $TMPFILE" >> $TMPFILE
+cat >> $TMPFILE <<- \_EOF_
+	}
+	_command=$1
+	shift
+	i=1
+	NLINE=$(wc -l < "$_command")
+	while [ $i -le $NLINE ]; do
+		_line[$i]=0
+		i=$((i + 1))
+	done
+	unset i
+	trap "_profend ${_command}" EXIT
+	trap '_line[$LINENO]=$((${_line[$LINENO]} + 1))' DEBUG
+	LINENO=0
+_EOF_
+
+case "$1" in
+/*|./*)	file=$1 ;;
+*)	file=$((type -path "$1")) ;;
+esac
+
+cat "${file-$1}" >> $TMPFILE || errexit "${1}: cannot open"
+chmod +x $TMPFILE
+
+exec -a "$file" $TMPFILE "$@"

examples/scripts.v2/untar

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# @(#) untar.ksh 1.0 93/11/10
+# 92/10/08 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 92/10/31 make it actually work if archive isn't in current dir!
+# 93/11/10 Added pack and gzip archive support
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+
+phelp()
+{
+echo \
+"$name: extract tar archives into directories, uncompressing if neccessary.
+Usage: $name archive[.tar[.[Z|gz]]] ..
+If an archive name given does not end in .tar, .tar.Z, or .tar.gz, it is
+searched for first with .tar added, then .tar.Z, and then .tar.gz added. 
+The real filename must end in either .tar, .tar.Z, or .tar.gz.  A
+directory with the name of the archive is created in the current directory
+(not necessarily the directory that the archive is in) if it does not
+exist, and the the contents of the archive are extracted into it. 
+Absolute pathnames in tarfiles are suppressed."
+}
+
+if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
+    phelp
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+name=${0##/}
+OWD=$PWD
+
+for file; do
+    cd $OWD
+    case "$file" in
+    *.tar.Z)	ArchiveName=${file%%.tar.Z} zcat=zcat;;
+    *.tar.z)	ArchiveName=${file%%.tar.z} zcat=pcat;;
+    *.tar.gz)	ArchiveName=${file%%.tar.gz} zcat=gzcat;;
+    *)	ArchiveName=$file
+	for ext in "" .Z .z .gz; do
+	    if [ -f "$file.tar$ext" ]; then
+		file="$file.tar$ext"
+		break
+	    fi
+	done
+	if [ ! -f "$file" ]; then
+	    echo "$file: cannot find archive." 1>&2
+	    continue
+	fi
+	;;
+    esac
+    if [ ! -r "$file" ]; then
+	echo "$file: cannot read." >&2
+	continue
+    fi
+    DirName=${ArchiveName##*/}
+    [ -d "$DirName" ] || {
+	mkdir "$DirName" || {
+		echo "$DirName: could not make archive directory." 1>&2
+		continue
+	}
+    }
+
+    cd $DirName || {
+	echo "$name: cannot cd to $DirName" 1>&2
+	continue
+    }
+
+    case "$file" in
+    /*)	;;
+    *) file=$OWD/$file ;;
+    esac
+
+    echo "Extracting archive $file into directory $DirName..."
+    case "$file" in
+    *.tar.Z|*.tar.z|*.tar.gz) $zcat $file | tar xvf -;;
+    *.tar) tar xvf $file;;
+    esac
+    echo "Done extracting archive $file into directory $DirName."
+done

examples/scripts.v2/uudec

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+:
+# @(#) uudec.sh 1.0 93/11/22
+# 92/08/04 john@armory.com (John H. DuBois III)
+# 93/11/22 Added help.
+
+isfalse()
+{
+	test 0 -eq "$1"
+}
+
+phelp()
+{
+"$name: process uuencoded files.
+Usage: uudec [-h] filename ...
+Options:
+-h: Print this help."
+}
+
+name=${0##*/}
+
+typeset -i force=0
+
+while getopts "hf" opt; do
+	case "$opt" in
+	h)	phelp; exit 0;;
+	f)	force=1;;
+	*)	echo "$Usage" 1>&2; exit 2;;
+	esac
+done
+
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+for file; do
+    echo "$file"
+    while read b mode filename && [ "$b" != begin ]; do :; done < "$file"
+    if [ "$b" = begin ]; then
+	if [ -f "$filename" ] && isfalse $force; then
+	    echo "Output file \"$filename\" exists.  Not written."
+	else
+	    uudecode "$file"
+	fi
+    else
+	echo "No begin line."
+    fi
+done

examples/scripts.v2/uuenc

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# @(#) uuenc.ksh 1.0 93/09/18
+# 93/09/18 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax by Chet Ramey
+
+istrue()
+{
+	test 0 -ne "$1"
+}
+
+isfalse()
+{
+	test 0 -eq "$1"
+}
+
+phelp()
+{
+echo "$name: uuencode files.
+$Usage
+For each filename given, $name uuencodes the file, using the final
+component of the file's path as the stored filename in the uuencoded
+archive and, with a .${SUF} appended, as the name to store the archive in.
+Example: 
+$name /tmp/foo
+The file /tmp/foo is uuencoded, with \"foo\" stored as the name to uudecode
+the file into, and the output is stored in a file in the current directory
+with the name \"foo.${SUF}\".
+Options:
+-f: Normally, if the file the output would be stored in already exists,
+    it is not overwritten and an error message is printed.  If -f (force)
+    is given, it is silently overwritten.
+-h: Print this help."
+}
+
+name=${0##*/}
+Usage="Usage: $name [-hf] <filename> ..."
+typeset -i force=0
+
+SUF=uu
+
+while getopts :hf opt; do
+    case $opt in
+    h)	phelp; exit 0;;
+    f)	force=1;;
+    +?)	echo "$name: options should not be preceded by a '+'." 1>&2 ; exit 2;;
+    ?)	echo "$name: $OPTARG: bad option.  Use -h for help." 1>&2 ; exit 2;;
+    esac
+done
+ 
+# remove args that were options
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
+    echo "$Usage\nUse -h for help." 1>&2
+    exit
+fi
+
+for file; do
+    tail=${file##*/}
+    out="$tail.${SUF}"
+    if isfalse $force && [ -a "$out" ]; then
+	echo "$name: $out: file exists.  Use -f to overwrite." 1>&2
+    else
+	uuencode $file $tail > $out
+    fi
+done

examples/scripts.v2/vtree

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# vtree: visual directory tree
+# @(#) vtree.sh 1.1 91/07/01
+# 90/04 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 91/07/01 fixed bug that caused problems when dir given on command line,
+#          added some info to help, changed to 4-space indenting
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+#
+help=\
+"Syntax: vtree [startdir] [namelen=#] [linelen=#]
+If startdir is not specified, tree will start at current dir.
+
+namelen specifies the minimum number of characters of a directory name that
+are guaranteed to be printed.
+This is a tradeoff between the number of tree levels that can fit on a
+screen line and the number of chars of each dir name that can be printed.
+In most cases it will be possible to print more than namelen characters of
+the name (a name up to namelen+1 chars will always be printed in full),
+but in some cases truncation down to namelen chars will occur.
+If truncation occurs, a '>' is printed at the end of the name.
+namelen=8 (the default) typically causes about 5 dirs/1000 to be truncated.
+namelen=7 typically causes about 10 dirs/1000 to be truncated.
+namelen=8 will allow 6 full length dirs to be printed in 79 columns.
+namelen=7 will allow 7 full length dirs to be printed in 79 columns;
+
+linelen specifies the maximum number of characters to print on one screen
+line.  All characters beyond this are truncated.  The default is 1024.
+To avoid line wrap on an 80 column terminal with autowrap, use linelen=79.
+"
+
+for i in "$@"; do
+    case $i in
+    -h) echo "$help"; exit;;
+    *=*)
+        vars="$vars $i"
+        ;;
+    *)
+        if [ ! -x $i ] || [ ! -d $i ]; then     # arg must be a dir and executable
+            echo "$i: directory not accessible."
+            exit
+        fi
+        cd $i
+        ;;
+    esac
+    shift
+done
+
+pwd     # print path of root of tree
+
+# find all directories depth first; ignore permission errors
+find . -type d -print 2> /dev/null | \
+gawk -F/ '
+
+# Do this block for NR == 1 instead of BEGIN because command line var
+# assignments are not done until after BEGIN block is executed.
+NR == 1 {
+    if (namelen)
+        MaxLen = namelen;
+    else
+        MaxLen = 8;
+    if (!linelen)
+        linelen = 1024
+    HSpace = substr("              ",1,MaxLen);     # used to indent tree
+    n = 0;          # number of dirs found on one major branch
+}
+
+$0 != "." {     # do for every line produced by find except tree root dir
+    if (NF == 2 && n > 0)   # print major branch whenever a new one starts
+        list();
+    Depth[n] = NF - 1;      # record depth and name of dir
+     Name[n++] = $NF;
+}
+
+END {
+    list()  # print last major branch
+}
+
+function list() {
+    Line = Name[0];     # initialize first line of branch to be branch base
+    for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {   # for each name in major branch
+        if (Depth[i] == Depth[i-1] + 1)
+            AddHLink(); # if moving deeper into branch, use same line
+        else {
+            print substr(Line,1,linelen);   # last line is done; print it
+            Line = "";  # start new line
+            # print indentation, vert links, and vert/horiz links
+            for (d = 1; d < Depth[i] - 1; d++)  # for each level of indentation
+                # if a vert. link has been established for this level
+                if (VLink[d])
+                    Line = Line HSpace " |  ";
+                else        # print empty indentation
+                    Line = Line HSpace "    ";
+            # Print last part of vert. link
+            if (VLink[d] == i) {
+                VLink[d] = 0;   # mark level for no vert link
+                Line = Line HSpace " \\--";
+            }
+            else
+                Line = Line HSpace " |--";
+        }
+        Line = Line Name[i];    # Add dir name to line
+    }
+    print substr(Line,1,linelen);   # print last line of major branch
+    n = 0;      # reset name counter
+}
+
+function AddHLink() {
+    NDepth = Depth[i];  # Depth of this name
+    VLink[NDepth - 1] = 0;
+    # search until a name found at a level less than this one
+    for (j = i + 1; j < n && Depth[j] >= NDepth; j++)
+        # keep track of last name that VLink should connect to
+        if (Depth[j] == NDepth)
+            VLink[NDepth - 1] = j;
+    if (VLink[NDepth - 1]) {
+        NLine = substr(Line,1,(NDepth - 2) * (MaxLen + 4) + MaxLen + 1);
+        if (length(NLine) < length(Line))
+            Line = substr(NLine,1,length(NLine) - 1) ">"
+        else
+            Line = NLine;
+        Line = Line substr("--------------+--",
+            18 - ((NDepth - 1) * (MaxLen + 4) - length(Line)));
+    }
+    else {
+        NLine = substr(Line,1,(NDepth - 2) * (MaxLen + 4) + MaxLen + 3);
+        if (length(NLine) < length(Line))
+            Line = substr(NLine,1,length(NLine) - 1) ">"
+        else
+            Line = NLine;
+        Line = Line substr("-----------------",
+            1,(NDepth - 1) * (MaxLen + 4) - length(Line));
+    }
+}
+' $vars

examples/scripts.v2/where

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# original from:
+# @(#) where.ksh 1.1 94/07/11
+# 91/01/12 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
+# 92/08/10 Only print executable *files*.
+# 92/10/06 Print err msg if no match found.
+# 92/11/27 Added implicit *
+# 93/07/23 Print help only if -h is given.
+# 94/01/01 Added -x option
+# 94/07/11 Don't bother with eval
+#
+# conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+
+name=${0##*/}
+Usage="Usage: $name [-hx] 'pattern' ..."
+typeset -i exact=0
+
+phelp()
+{
+echo "$name: find executable files in PATH that match patterns.
+$Usage
+$name searches each directory specified in the PATH environment variable
+for executable files that match the specified patterns.  Patterns are
+given as Korn shell filename patterns.  They are surrounded by implicit
+'*' characters, so that \"foo\" will match any executble file whose name
+contains contains \"foo\".  This can be overridden by using '^' and '$' to
+force a match to start at the beginning and end at the end of a filename
+respectively.  Characters that are special to the shell must generally
+be protected from the shell by surrounding them with quotes.
+Examples:
+$name foo
+lists all executable files in PATH that contain foo.
+$name '^b*sh$'
+lists all executable files in PATH that start with b and end with sh.
+An error message is printed if a no matching file is found for a pattern.
+Options:
+-h: Print this help.
+-x: Find exact matches only; equivalent to putting ^ and $ at the start
+    and end of each pattern."
+}
+
+istrue()
+{
+	test 0 -ne "$1"
+}
+
+isfalse()
+{
+	test 0 -eq "$1"
+}
+
+while getopts "xh" opt; do
+	case "$opt" in
+	x)	exact=1;;
+	h)	phelp ; exit 0;;
+	*)	echo -e "$Usage\nUse -h for help." 1>&2; exit 2;;
+	esac
+done
+
+shift $((OPTIND-1))
+
+set +f			# make sure filename globbing is on
+Args=("$@")		# save args
+
+OIFS=$IFS
+IFS=:		# Make PATH be split on :
+Paths=($PATH)
+IFS=$OIFS
+
+for arg in "${Args[@]}"; do
+
+    # get rid of leading ^
+    if istrue $exact; then
+	arg=${arg}
+    else
+	    case "$arg" in
+	    ^*)	arg=${arg#?};;
+	    *) arg="*$arg" ;;	# Pattern is not anchored at start
+	    esac
+    fi
+
+    # get rid of trailing $
+    if istrue $exact; then
+	arg="$arg"
+    else
+	case "$arg" in
+	*\$)	arg=${arg%?} ;;
+	*)	arg="$arg*" ;;
+	esac
+    fi
+
+    found=0	# Pattern not found yet
+    Patterns=
+    # Make a pattern for each element of PATH
+    for PathElem in "${Paths[@]}"; do
+	[ -z "$PathElem" ] && PathElem=.
+	Patterns="$Patterns $PathElem/$arg"
+    done
+
+    # Find all pattern matches that are executable regular files.
+    for file in $Patterns; do
+	if [ -x "$file" ] && [ -f "$file" ]; then
+	    echo "$file"
+	    found=1
+	fi
+    done
+    if [ $found = 0 ]; then
+	echo "$arg: not found." 1>&2
+    fi
+done