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documentation updates for arithmetic expansion and array subscripts; update BASH_COMMAND for subshells; fix potential file descriptor leak in here document pipes

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Chet Ramey
2025-03-07 10:23:58 -05:00
parent e608233770
commit c3997d51f8
36 changed files with 19690 additions and 19094 deletions
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doc/bash.html
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@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2025 January 8<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2025 February 24<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
@@ -1010,8 +1010,11 @@ otherwise the return status is 1.
The <I>expression</I>
undergoes the same expansions
as if it were within double quotes,
but double quote characters in <I>expression</I> are not treated
but unescaped double quote characters
in <I>expression</I> are not treated
specially and are removed.
Since this can potentially result in empty strings, this command treats
those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
<DT><B>[[</B> <I>expression</I> <B>]]</B><DD>
Evaluate the conditional expression <I>expression</I>
@@ -1753,7 +1756,7 @@ below).
A
<I>variable</I>
may be assigned to by a statement of the form
is assigned to using a statement of the form
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<P>
@@ -3933,8 +3936,26 @@ associative arrays are referenced using arbitrary strings.
Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
<P>
An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
using the syntax
The shell performs
parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
command substitution, and quote removal
on indexed array subscripts.
Since this
can potentially result in empty strings,
subscript indexing treats
those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
<P>
The shell performs
tilde expansion,
parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
command substitution, and quote removal
on associative array subscripts.
Empty strings cannot be used as associative array keys.
<P>
<B>Bash</B> automatically creates an indexed array
if any variable is assigned to using the syntax
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]=<I>value</I>
.
@@ -4283,7 +4304,7 @@ each generated term will contain the same number of digits,
zero-padding where necessary.
When letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
lexicographically between <I>x</I> and <I>y</I>, inclusive,
using the default C locale.
using the C locale.
Note that both <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> must be of the same type
(integer or letter).
When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
@@ -4619,9 +4640,15 @@ starting at the character specified by <I>offset</I>.
If <I>parameter</I> is <B>@</B> or <B>*</B>, an indexed array subscripted by
<B>@</B> or <B>*</B>, or an associative array name, the results differ as
described below.
If <I>length</I> is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of
If <B>:</B><I>length</I> is omitted (the first form above), this
expands to the substring of the value of
<I>parameter</I> starting at the character specified by <I>offset</I>
and extending to the end of the value.
If <I>offset</I> is omitted,
it is treated as 0.
If <I>length</I> is omitted,
but the colon after <I>offset</I> is present,
it is treated as 0.
<I>length</I> and <I>offset</I> are arithmetic expressions (see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>
@@ -5178,11 +5205,16 @@ The
undergoes the same expansions
as if it were within double quotes,
but double quote characters in <I>expression</I> are not treated specially
and are removed.
but unescaped double quote characters
in <I>expression</I> are not treated
specially and are removed.
All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion,
command substitution, and quote removal.
The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
Since the way Bash handles double quotes
can potentially result in empty strings,
arithmetic expansion treats
those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
<P>
@@ -7032,6 +7064,15 @@ are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see
</FONT>
above).
Since the expansions the <B>[[</B> command performs on
<I>arg1</I>
and
<I>arg2</I>
can potentially result in empty strings,
arithmetic expression evaluation treats
those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
</DL>
<A NAME="lbBY">&nbsp;</A>
@@ -7721,6 +7762,10 @@ To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
each process has a <I>process group ID</I>, and
the operating system maintains the notion of a <I>current terminal
process group ID</I>.
This terminal process group ID is associated with the
<I>controlling terminal</I>.
<P>
Processes that have the same process group ID are said to be part of
the same <I>process group</I>.
Members of the <I>foreground</I> process group (processes whose
@@ -7735,19 +7780,22 @@ Processes in the foreground process group are said to be
processes.
<I>Background</I>
processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's;
processes are those whose process group ID differs from the
controlling terminal's;
such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals.
Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if the
user so specifies with
Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or,
if the user so specifies with
write to the terminal.
Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when
is in effect) the terminal are sent a
write to the controlling terminal.
The system sends a
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU)</B>
</FONT>
signal by the kernel's terminal driver,
signal to background processes which attempt to
read from (write to when
is in effect)
the terminal,
which, unless caught, suspends the process.
<P>
@@ -9451,7 +9499,7 @@ leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
Clear the screen,
then redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the
With a numeric argument, refresh the current line without clearing the
screen.
<DT><B>redraw-current-line</B>
@@ -14133,7 +14181,7 @@ command that fails is part of the command list immediately following a
or
<B>until</B>
keyword,
reserved word,
part of the test following the
<B>if</B>
@@ -15648,7 +15696,7 @@ command is part of the command list immediately following a
or
<B>until</B>
keyword,
reserved word,
part of the test in an
<I>if</I>
@@ -16765,7 +16813,7 @@ Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.3<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2025 January 8<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.3<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2025 February 24<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
@@ -16874,7 +16922,7 @@ Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
<DT><A HREF="#lbDJ">BUGS</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20250122/doc/bash.1.<BR>
Time: 28 January 2025 09:45:18 EST
This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20250224/doc/bash.1.<BR>
Time: 28 February 2025 11:12:41 EST
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