diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 790b62eb..6b9900f3 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -10576,3 +10576,28 @@ findcmd.c since the attempt to execute the last-ditch path will circumvent the EXECIGNORE setting. Fixes bug reported by Dennis Williamson + + 3/28 + ---- +lib/readline/display.c + - rl_redisplay: when computing where the cursor should go (and the + physical cursor position) after displaying the prompt, don't adjust + the cursor position by wadjust if there are no multibyte chars in + the prompt. lpos is already a physical cursor position; _rl_screenwidth + is the physical screen width, and we're not calling _rl_col_width and + don't need to take invisible characters into account again. Fixes + bug reported by Andreas Schwab + + 4/1 + --- +parse.y + - parse_comsub: when we read `esac' followed by a break character, + turn on the LEX_RESWDOK flag because we can now read another case + statement or other compound command. Fixes bug reported by + Christian Franke , original version + of patch from Piotr Grzybowski + - parse_comsub: leave the reserved-word-ok flag set for four-char + reserved words (then/else/elif/done/time) that can be followed by + reserved words; set lex_rwlen to 0 so we know to start reading a + new one + diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index 7dfbf501..9a5cc979 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -887,6 +887,7 @@ tests/comsub.tests f tests/comsub.right f tests/comsub1.sub f tests/comsub2.sub f +tests/comsub3.sub f tests/comsub-eof.tests f tests/comsub-eof0.sub f tests/comsub-eof1.sub f diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index c189361e..a35e325a 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -1072,211 +1072,212 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS mode. EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg) - defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search. - Files whose full pathnames match one of these patterns are not - considered executable files for the purposes of completion and - command execution. This does not affect the behavior of the [[, - tteesstt, and [[[[ commands. Use this variable to ignore shared - library files that have the executable bit set, but are not exe- - cutable files. The pattern matching honors the setting of the - eexxttgglloobb shell option. + defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search + using PPAATTHH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat- + terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of + completion and command execution via PPAATTHH lookup. This does not + affect the behavior of the [[, tteesstt, and [[[[ commands. Full path- + names in the command hash table are not subject to EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE. + Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the + executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern + matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. FFCCEEDDIITT The default editor for the ffcc builtin command. FFIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing + A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). A filename whose suf- - fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the + fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~". FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT - If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum - function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this + If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum + function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level will cause the current command to abort. GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a - pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in + pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE, it is removed from the list of matches. HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL - A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are - saved on the history list. If the list of values includes - _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not - saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines + A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are + saved on the history list. If the list of values includes + _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not + saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h is shorthand for _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e and _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s. A value of _e_r_a_s_e_d_u_p_s causes all previous lines matching the current line - to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. - Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is - unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the + to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. + Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is + unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value - of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line - compound command are not tested, and are added to the history + of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line + compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. HHIISSTTFFIILLEE The name of the file in which command history is saved (see HHIISS-- - TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, + TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, the command history is not saved when a shell exits. HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When - this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- - cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of - lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also - truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If - the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size. - Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit - truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of + this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- + cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of + lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also + truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If + the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size. + Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit + truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE after reading any startup files. HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command - lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is - anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- - plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is - tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- - TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern + A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command + lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is + anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- + plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is + tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- + TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `&&' matches the previous history line. `&&' - may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed + may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the - history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The pattern + history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - The number of commands to remember in the command history (see - HHIISSTTOORRYY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in + The number of commands to remember in the command history (see + HHIISSTTOORRYY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list. Numeric values less than zero result in every - command being saved on the history list (there is no limit). - The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any + command being saved on the history list (there is no limit). + The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files. HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a + If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to print the time stamp associated - with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If - this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history - file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses - the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from + with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If + this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history + file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. HHOOMMEE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the ccdd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion. HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE - Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s + Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. - The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while - the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is - attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of - the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has - no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to - read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- + The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while + the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is + attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of + the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has + no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to + read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- tions. When HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is unset, the hostname list is cleared. - IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting - after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd + IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting + after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd builtin command. The default value is ``''. IIGGNNOORREEEEOOFF Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an EEOOFF character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of - consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first - characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable - exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the - default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the + consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first + characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable + exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the + default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the end of input to the shell. IINNPPUUTTRRCC - The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the + The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the default of _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). - LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not + LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with LLCC__. - LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ + LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ variable specifying a locale category. LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE - This variable determines the collation order used when sorting - the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior - of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating + This variable determines the collation order used when sorting + the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior + of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE - This variable determines the interpretation of characters and - the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and + This variable determines the interpretation of characters and + the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS - This variable determines the locale used to translate double- + This variable determines the locale used to translate double- quoted strings preceded by a $$. LLCC__NNUUMMEERRIICC - This variable determines the locale category used for number + This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. LLCC__TTIIMMEE - This variable determines the locale category used for data and + This variable determines the locale category used for data and time formatting. - LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column - length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the - cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon + LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column + length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the + cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. - MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the - MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the - arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc- + MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the + MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the + arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc- tory. MMAAIILLCCHHEECCKK - Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The - default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the - shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this - variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number + Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The + default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the + shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this + variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. MMAAIILLPPAATTHH A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail. The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may - be specified by separating the filename from the message with a - `?'. When used in the text of the message, $$__ expands to the + be specified by separating the filename from the message with a + `?'. When used in the text of the message, $$__ expands to the name of the current mailfile. Example: MMAAIILLPPAATTHH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"' - BBaasshh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca- - tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent + BBaasshh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca- + tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/$$UUSSEERR). OOPPTTEERRRR If set to the value 1, bbaasshh displays error messages generated by - the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a + the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). + OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell script is executed. - PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of - directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD - EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the + PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of + directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD + EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of PPAATTHH indicates the current directory. A null directory - name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or - trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is - set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is + name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or + trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is + set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is ``/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''. PPOOSSIIXXLLYY__CCOORRRREECCTT - If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the - shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if - the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set - while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the + If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the + shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if + the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set + while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the command _s_e_t _-_o _p_o_s_i_x had been executed. PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM - If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the + If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding - the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). + the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis. - PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and + PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and before the command is executed. - PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is + PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is ``\\ss--\\vv\\$$ ''. - PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as + PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>> ''. PPSS33 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the sseelleecctt command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). - PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the - value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an - execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- - tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- + PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the + value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an + execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- + tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- rection. The default is ``++ ''. SSHHEELLLL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari- - able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to + able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- - ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the - ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- - duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or - other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are + The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- + ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the + ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- + duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or + other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the braces denote optional portions. %%%% A literal %%. %%[[_p]][[ll]]RR The elapsed time in seconds. @@ -1284,77 +1285,77 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS %%[[_p]][[ll]]SS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode. %%PP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R. - The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number + The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places - after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater - than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is + after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater + than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is used. - The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of - the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not + The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of + the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not the fraction is included. - If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value - $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, + If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value + $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. - TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the + TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the default timeout for the rreeaadd builtin. The sseelleecctt command termi- nates if input does not arrive after TTMMOOUUTT seconds when input is - coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is + coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting - for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not + for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arrive. - TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which + TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which bbaasshh creates temporary files for the shell's use. aauuttoo__rreessuummee This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and - job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- + job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump- tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; - if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, - the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a - stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start - it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match - the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the - string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a - stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- - gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set - to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a + if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, + the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a + stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start + it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match + the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the + string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a + stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- + gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set + to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the %%_s_t_r_i_n_g job identifier. hhiissttcchhaarrss - The two or three characters which control history expansion and + The two or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). The first character - is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals - the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second - character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as - shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- - tuting one string for another in the command. The default is - `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- - cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as - the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- + is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals + the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second + character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as + shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- + tuting one string for another in the command. The default is + `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- + cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as + the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the - remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the + remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. AArrrraayyss - BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. - Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will - explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of - an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- - tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including + BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. + Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will + explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of + an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- + tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are ref- erenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers. - An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned + An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly - declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- + declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- + MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- _s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. Associative arrays are created using ddeeccllaarree --AA _n_a_m_e. @@ -1362,130 +1363,130 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the ddeeccllaarree and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. - Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form - _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but + Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form + _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but _s_t_r_i_n_g. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and - subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index - of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement + subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index + of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero. When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required. - This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array - elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax - introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- - scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative - to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices + This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array + elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax + introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- + scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative + to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. - Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If - _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These - subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These + subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the - value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS + value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable, and ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands each element of _n_a_m_e to a sep- - arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to - nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the - expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of - the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined - with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the - expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- - ments in the array. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of - an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter- - preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array, - so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index + arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to + nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the + expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of + the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined + with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the + expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss + above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- + ments in the array. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of + an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter- + preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array, + so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref- - erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable + erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable using a valid subscript is legal, and bbaasshh will create an array if nec- essary. - An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a + An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. - It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the - values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in + It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the + values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in array variable _n_a_m_e. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to the expansion of the special parameters _@ and _* within double quotes. - The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] - destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Negative subscripts to - indexed arrays are interpreted as described above. Care must be taken - to avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. uunnsseett + The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] + destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Negative subscripts to + indexed arrays are interpreted as described above. Care must be taken + to avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, removes the entire array. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative - array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd - builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative + array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd + builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into - words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, - _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- + words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, + _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter - and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution - (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- + and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution + (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- sion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- - able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as - tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- + able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as + tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- stitution. Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change - the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single - word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions + the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single + word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}" as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, - is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to - each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- - fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x - or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated - terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- - sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each - character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the - default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. - When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, + is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to + each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- + fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x + or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated + terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- + sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each + character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the + default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. + When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and - closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence - expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence + expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion. This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of @@ -1495,36 +1496,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD + If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1532,235 +1533,235 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is - also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in - assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the + also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in + assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the expanded value. PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The `$$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, - or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded - may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the - variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which + or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded + may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the + variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. - When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not - escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an + When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not + escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expansion. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required - when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one + The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required + when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. The _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a shell - parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference + parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference (AArrrraayyss). - If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of variable indirec- - tion. BBaasshh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded + If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of variable indirec- + tion. BBaasshh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. If + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this expands to the name of the variable refer- - enced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete indirect expan- - sion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and - ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point must immediately + enced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete indirect expan- + sion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and + ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. - When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented - below (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. - Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is + When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented + below (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. + Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::--_w_o_r_d} - UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- + sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::==_w_o_r_d} - AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the + AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special + _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::??_w_o_r_d} - DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, - the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is - not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if + DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, + the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is + not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::++_w_o_r_d} - UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is + UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- _s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, an indexed array subscripted by @@ or **, - or an associative array name, the results differ as described - below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the + or an associative array name, the results differ as described + below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t - and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are + and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). - If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is - used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it - is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the - expansion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. - Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by - at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expan- + If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is + used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it + is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the + expansion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. + Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by + at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expan- sion. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one - greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of - -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan- + greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of + -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan- sion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the - result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with - ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to - one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It - is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than + result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with + ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to + one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It + is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. - Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces + Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined results. - Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- - ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by - default. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are + Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- + ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by + default. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is prefixed to the list. ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x@@} - NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose + NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with _p_r_e_f_i_x, separated by the first character of the - IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears - within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate + IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears + within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} - LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to - the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is - not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. - When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, + LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to + the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is + not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. + When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. ${##_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value - substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- - _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- - tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is - an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that - number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi- - mum index of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the - end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele- + PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value + substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- + _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- + tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is + an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that + number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi- + mum index of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the + end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele- ment. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r####_w_o_r_d} RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the - expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest - matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- - tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the - pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- + the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the + expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest + matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- + tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the + pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern - removal operation is applied to each member of the array in + _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern + removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%%%_w_o_r_d} RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the - result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with - the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest - matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ - or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or - **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of + a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the + result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with + the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest + matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ + or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- - tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and - the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with - _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are - replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is + tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and + the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with + _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are + replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with ##, it must match at the begin- ning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with - %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. + %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // fol- - lowing _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option + lowing _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution - operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and - the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array - variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution operation is - applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion + operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and + the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array + variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution operation is + applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} - CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- - betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- + CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- + betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in - the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, - if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern - should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ - operator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to upper- + the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, + if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern + should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ + operator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to upper- case; the ,, operator converts matching uppercase letters to low- ercase. The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character - in the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert - only the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is - omitted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is - applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion - is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- + in the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert + only the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is + omitted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is + applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion + is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- scripted with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied - to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the + to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r@@_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r} PPaarraammeetteerr ttrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn. The expansion is either a transforma- - tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a + tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a single letter: - QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r quoted in a format that can be reused as input. - EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the + EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the $$''......'' quoting mechansim. PP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as if it were a prompt string (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). - AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment - statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will + AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment + statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will recreate _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with its attributes and value. - aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- + aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- resenting _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r's attributes. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or - **, the case modification operation is applied to each member of + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + **, the case modification operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and + The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and pathname expansion as described below. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -1774,174 +1775,174 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in a subshell environ- ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are - not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- - mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but + not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- + mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash - retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The + When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash + retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub- - stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. - If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and + If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a - double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a + double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion, com- - mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the - arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be + mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the + arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred - to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The - process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred + to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The + process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com- - mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, - writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form - is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the + mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, + writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form + is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. Process substitution is supported on systems that sup- port named pipes (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the - results of the other expansions into words using these characters as - field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly - <><><>, the default, then sequences of <>, <>, - and <> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous - expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the - beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other - than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, - ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as - long as the whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS white- - space character). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + results of the other expansions into words using these characters as + field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly + <><><>, the default, then sequences of <>, <>, + and <> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous + expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the + beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other + than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, + ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as + long as the whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS white- + space character). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A - sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. + sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame- - ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument - results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. - When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion - is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' + ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument + results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. + When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion + is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' becomes -d after word splitting and null argument removal. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters - appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an - alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the - shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If - the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is - removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no matches are + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an + alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see PPaatt-- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the + shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If + the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is + removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed. If - the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed without - regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used - for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the start of a name or - immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the + the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed without + regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used + for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the start of a name or + immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. When matching a pathname, the slash char- - acter must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' + acter must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullll-- gglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file- + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file- names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed from the list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the matching against - the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to case. The - filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set - and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null value has the - effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other filenames - beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior of ignor- - ing filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the patterns - in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is - unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell + the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to case. The + filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set + and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null value has the + effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other filenames + beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior of ignor- + ing filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the patterns + in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is + unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: - ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the - gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a - pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a - single pattern will match all files and zero or more - directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two - adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- + ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the + gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a + pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a + single pattern will match all files and zero or more + directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two + adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- ries. ?? Matches any single character. - [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of - characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- - _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- - ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating - sequence and character set, is matched. If the first + [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of + characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- + _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- + ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating + sequence and character set, is matched. If the first character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any charac- - ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- - acters in range expressions is determined by the current - locale and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell + ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- + acters in range expressions is determined by the current + locale and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell variables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpreta- - tion of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to - [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or - enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be + tion of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to + [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or + enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be matched by including it as the first or last character in the set. A ]] may be matched by including it as the first character in the set. - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt A character class matches any character belonging to that class. The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the character _. - Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified + Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified using the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with - the same collation weight (as defined by the current + the same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character _c. Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat- ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, several - extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following + extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol- lowing sub-patterns: @@ -1959,58 +1960,58 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows - commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows + commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and - writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the - current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- + writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the + current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may fol- - low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, + low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may + Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a - file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. - If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines + file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. + If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines the file descriptor to close. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- - direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- + direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde - expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- tions, as described in the following table: //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d - If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- + If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- cated. //ddeevv//ssttddiinn File descriptor 0 is duplicated. @@ -2020,22 +2021,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN File descriptor 2 is duplicated. //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding TCP socket. //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding UDP socket. A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with - care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- + Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with + care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- nally. RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the + sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: @@ -2043,27 +2044,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the + Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file - does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero + does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d - If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett - builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose - name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. + If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett + builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose + name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the re- direction is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists. AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name - results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file - descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not + Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name + results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file + descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: @@ -2071,11 +2072,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>>>_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. - There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard + There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error: &&>>_w_o_r_d @@ -2087,13 +2088,13 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 - When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If - it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee + When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If + it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below) for compatibility reasons. AAppppeennddiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. The format for appending standard output and standard error is: @@ -2107,10 +2108,10 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below). HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss - This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the + This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r (with no trailing - blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used - as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a + blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used + as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a command. The format of here-documents is: @@ -2119,18 +2120,18 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r - No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any charac- - ters in _w_o_r_d are quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal - on _w_o_r_d, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d - is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter - expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the charac- - ter sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the + No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic + expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any part of + _w_o_r_d is quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, + and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is + unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter + expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the charac- + ter sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the characters \\, $$, and ``. If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are - stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This - allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural + stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This + allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. HHeerree SSttrriinnggss @@ -2138,10 +2139,10 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<<<<<_w_o_r_d - The _w_o_r_d undergoes brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and - quote removal. Pathname expansion and word splitting are not per- - formed. The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline + The _w_o_r_d undergoes brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and + quote removal. Pathname expansion and word splitting are not per- + formed. The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on its standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified). @@ -2151,22 +2152,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file - descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- - ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file + descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- + ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. The operator [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- - direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is - closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand - to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- + direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is + closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand + to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. MMoovviinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss @@ -2174,7 +2175,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -2182,7 +2183,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -2190,118 +2191,118 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as - the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of - aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin - commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each - simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If - so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, - $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as + the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of + aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin + commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each + simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If + so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, + $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may - contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The - first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word - that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second - time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and - bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the - last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command + contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The + first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word + that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second + time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and + bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the + last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If - arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input - before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are - expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, - an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does - not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input + before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are + expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, + an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does + not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new - alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. - Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the - function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- - mand. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not avail- - able until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put - alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound + alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. + Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the + function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- + mand. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not avail- + able until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put + alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to - interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to + interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- tion while the function is executing. - All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical - between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and - RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been - given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin - below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett - builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN - traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical + between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell option has been enabled. - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. - The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, - defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that + The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, + defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- - tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with - the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be - deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with + the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be + deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden- - tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- + tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit - the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- - tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc - EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check - for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. - The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the - same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped - into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in - order of decreasing precedence. + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- + pound command, and AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed- + width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is + trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, + associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- + lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence + operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. _i_d++++ _i_d---- variable post-increment and post-decrement @@ -2328,46 +2329,46 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading - 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form - [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 - representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If - _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, the digits - greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase + 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form + [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 + representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If + _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, the digits + greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, - lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to repre- + lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to repre- sent numbers between 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following - unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following + unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If - the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, - _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. The tteesstt command sorts using ASCII ordering. --aa _f_i_l_e @@ -2406,30 +2407,30 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --LL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. --OO _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a value). --RR _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- ence. --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2439,8 +2440,8 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt - command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, + True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt + command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, this performs pattern matching as described above (CCoommppoouunndd CCoomm-- mmaannddss). @@ -2454,106 +2455,106 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive or negative integers. SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following + When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- - ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- - ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- + shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- + ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- + ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not - affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not + affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- - taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to - remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to + remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - with the original command and the original command's arguments as its - arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of - the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error + with the original command and the original command's arguments as its + arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of + the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit status of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a - file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. - This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new - shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that - the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. + This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new + shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that + the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2561,244 +2562,244 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate - of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are + of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the - default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. - Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the + default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. + Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- - cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and - ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and + ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- - ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, - replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, + replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ- ment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it - returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it + returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins - return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally invalid options or missing arguments. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, - unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, + unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In - all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values - inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in - effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in + effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP using ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL - _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the + _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the execution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive - interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive + interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. - Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty - tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal - by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the + if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. + Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty + tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal + by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped - when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be - returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be + returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix - matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the - other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command - line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an - error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- - _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix + matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the + other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command + line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- + _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer - to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the + to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with a ++, and the pre- - vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- + vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- tion) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that exits. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it - reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh allows these prompt - strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it + reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh allows these prompt + strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} - the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is - inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results + the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is + inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) @@ -2808,7 +2809,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -2817,8 +2818,8 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated - with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- + \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated + with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- able) \\WW the basename of the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde @@ -2827,66 +2828,66 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY - below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of - commands executed during the current shell session. After the string - is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of - the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY + below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of + commands executed during the current shell session. After the string + is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of + the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be - enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett - builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing - after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the + enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett + builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing + after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of - the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is - _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is + _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are - set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline - initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a - ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- + set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline + initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a + ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -2894,18 +2895,18 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -2917,15 +2918,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text ``> output'' into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -2933,7 +2934,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -2944,7 +2945,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -2954,20 +2955,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -2977,21 +2978,24 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) - Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to - vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If + vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters + If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read- line equivalents. + bblliinnkk--mmaattcchhiinngg--ppaarreenn ((OOffff)) + If set to OOnn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an + opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted. ccoolloorreedd--ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ- @@ -3006,9 +3010,19 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi command mode. + ccoommpplleettiioonn--ddiissppllaayy--wwiiddtthh ((--11)) + The number of screen columns used to display possible matches + when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less + than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0 + will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default + value is -1. ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. + ccoommpplleettiioonn--mmaapp--ccaassee ((OOffff)) + If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline + treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per- + forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx--ddiissppllaayy--lleennggtthh ((00)) The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- sible completions that is displayed without modification. When @@ -3027,47 +3041,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the - _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). + _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to + _O_f_f if the locale contains eight-bit characters. ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion - characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been + characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. + eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn)) + When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support + it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener- + ated from the keyboard. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings sim- ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. - eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support - it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener- - ated from the keyboard. eennaabbllee--bbrraacckkeetteedd--ppaassttee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way + When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead of treating each char- - acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre- - vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com- + acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre- + vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com- mands. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the application key- - pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the + pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys. eennaabbllee--mmeettaa--kkeeyy ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier - key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many + When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier + key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline + If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the - same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- + If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the + same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((uunnsseett)) - Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history - list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted + Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history + list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero, - the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the - number of history entries is not limited. + the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the + number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE + shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a + non-numeric value, the maximum number of history entries will be + set to 500. hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it @@ -3075,9 +3093,11 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE new line. iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it - will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), + will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name - mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. + mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f, + but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit + characters. iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[CC--JJ'''')) The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without subsequently executing the character as a com- @@ -3130,6 +3150,8 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. + The default is _O_f_f, but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale + contains eight-bit characters. ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn)) If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- play a screenful of possible completions at a time. diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 1a6e621c..f848db46 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -4222,7 +4222,7 @@ By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. .SH "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain circumstances (see the \fBlet\fP and \fBdeclare\fP builtin -commands and \fBArithmetic Expansion\fP). +commands, the \fB((\fP compound command, and \fBArithmetic Expansion\fP). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 511dd301..9877fab1 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -2566,11 +2566,14 @@ used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode.
A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see Pattern Matching) -defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search. +defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search using +PATH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these patterns are not considered -executable files for the purposes of completion and command execution. +executable files for the purposes of completion and command execution +via PATH lookup. This does not affect the behavior of the [, test, and [[ commands. +Full pathnames in the command hash table are not subject to EXECIGNORE. Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern matching honors the setting of the extglob shell @@ -4964,10 +4967,10 @@ No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on word. -If any characters in +If any part of word -are quoted, the +is quoted, the delimiter is the result of quote removal on @@ -5396,7 +5399,7 @@ By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain circumstances (see the let and declare builtin -commands and Arithmetic Expansion). +commands, the (( compound command, and Arithmetic Expansion). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values @@ -7008,6 +7011,11 @@ If set to audible, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. If set to On, readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their readline equivalents. +
blink-matching-paren (Off) + +
+If set to On, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an +opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
colored-completion-prefix (Off)
@@ -7036,11 +7044,26 @@ in emacs mode and to # in vi command mode. +
completion-display-width (-1) + +
+The number of screen columns used to display possible matches +when performing completion. +The value is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal +screen width. +A value of 0 will cause matches to be displayed one per line. +The default value is -1.
completion-ignore-case (Off)
If set to On, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. +
completion-map-case (Off) + +
+If set to On, and completion-ignore-case is enabled, readline +treats hyphens (-) and underscores (_) as equivalent when +performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
completion-prefix-display-length (0)
@@ -7066,12 +7089,20 @@ If set to On, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the meta prefix). +The default is On, but readline will set it to Off if the +locale contains eight-bit characters.
disable-completion (Off)
If set to On, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to self-insert. +
echo-control-characters (On) + +
+When set to On, on operating systems that indicate they support it, +readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the +keyboard.
editing-mode (emacs)
@@ -7085,12 +7116,6 @@ can be set to either or vi. -
echo-control-characters (On) - -
-When set to On, on operating systems that indicate they support it, -readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the -keyboard.
enable-bracketed-paste (Off)
@@ -7130,7 +7155,10 @@ If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not limited. -By default, the number of history entries is not limited. +By default, the number of history entries is set to the value of the +HISTSIZE shell variable. +If an attempt is made to set history-size to a non-numeric value, +the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.
horizontal-scroll-mode (Off)
@@ -7141,11 +7169,13 @@ becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line.
If set to On, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, -it will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), +it will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name meta-flag is a synonym for this variable. +The default is Off, but readline will set it to On if the +locale contains eight-bit characters.
isearch-terminators (``C-[C-J'')
@@ -7229,6 +7259,8 @@ the list. If set to On, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. +The default is Off, but readline will set it to On if the +locale contains eight-bit characters.
page-completions (On)
@@ -13583,6 +13615,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 08 February 2016 10:17:49 EST +Time: 29 March 2016 09:29:07 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index a2e006eb..09b7914b 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.0 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 8 February 2016). +Bash shell (version 4.4, 28 February 2016). - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 8 February 2016, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 28 February 2016, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 8 February 2016). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 4.4, 28 February 2016). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 8 February 2016, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 28 February 2016, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -2317,13 +2317,13 @@ command. DELIMITER No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic -expansion, or filename expansion is performed on WORD. If any -characters in WORD are quoted, the DELIMITER is the result of quote -removal on WORD, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. -If WORD is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to -parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the -character sequence '\newline' is ignored, and '\' must be used to quote -the characters '\', '$', and '`'. +expansion, or filename expansion is performed on WORD. If any part of +WORD is quoted, the DELIMITER is the result of quote removal on WORD, +and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If WORD is +unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter +expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character +sequence '\newline' is ignored, and '\' must be used to quote the +characters '\', '$', and '`'. If the redirection operator is '<<-', then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the line containing DELIMITER. This @@ -3053,7 +3053,7 @@ standard. '[' test EXPR - Evaluate a conditional express ion EXPR and return a status of 0 + Evaluate a conditional expression EXPR and return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false). Each operator and operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in *note Bash Conditional Expressions::. 'test' does not @@ -3203,7 +3203,7 @@ standard. Remove each variable or function NAME. If the '-v' option is given, each NAME refers to a shell variable and that variable is - remvoved. If the '-f' option is given, the NAMEs refer to shell + removed. If the '-f' option is given, the NAMEs refer to shell functions, and the function definition is removed. If the '-n' option is supplied, and NAME is a variable with the NAMEREF attribute, NAME will be unset rather than the variable it @@ -4927,14 +4927,16 @@ Variables::). 'EXECIGNORE' A colon-separated list of shell patterns (*note Pattern Matching::) - defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search. - Files whose full pathnames match one of these patterns are not - considered executable files for the purposes of completion and - command execution. This does not affect the behavior of the '[', - 'test', and '[[' commands. Use this variable to ignore shared - library files that have the executable bit set, but are not - executable files. The pattern matching honors the setting of the - 'extglob' shell option. + defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search + using 'PATH'. Files whose full pathnames match one of these + patterns are not considered executable files for the purposes of + completion and command execution via 'PATH' lookup. This does not + affect the behavior of the '[', 'test', and '[[' commands. Full + pathnames in the command hash table are not subject to + 'EXECIGNORE'. Use this variable to ignore shared library files + that have the executable bit set, but are not executable files. + The pattern matching honors the setting of the 'extglob' shell + option. 'FCEDIT' The editor used as a default by the '-e' option to the 'fc' builtin @@ -5877,8 +5879,8 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Shell Arithmetic, Next: Aliases, Prev: Bash Conditiona ==================== The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of the -shell expansions or by the 'let' and the '-i' option to the 'declare' -builtins. +shell expansions or by using the '((' compound command, the 'let' +builtin, or the '-i' option to the 'declare' builtin. Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The @@ -7225,13 +7227,20 @@ Variable Settings If set to 'on', Readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and prefixing an character, converting them - to a meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is 'on'. + to a meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is 'on', + but will be set to 'off' if the locale is one that contains + eight-bit characters. 'disable-completion' If set to 'On', Readline will inhibit word completion. Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to 'self-insert'. The default is 'off'. + 'echo-control-characters' + When set to 'on', on operating systems that indicate they + support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a + signal generated from the keyboard. The default is 'on'. + 'editing-mode' The 'editing-mode' variable controls which default set of key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs @@ -7248,11 +7257,6 @@ Variable Settings embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string. The default is '@'. - 'echo-control-characters' - When set to 'on', on operating systems that indicate they - support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a - signal generated from the keyboard. The default is 'on'. - 'enable-bracketed-paste' When set to 'On', Readline will configure the terminal in a way that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing @@ -7287,7 +7291,9 @@ Variable Settings list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not limited. By - default, the number of history entries is not limited. + default, the number of history entries is not limited. If an + attempt is made to set HISTORY-SIZE to a non-numeric value, + the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500. 'horizontal-scroll-mode' This variable can be set to either 'on' or 'off'. Setting it @@ -7300,8 +7306,9 @@ Variable Settings If set to 'on', Readline will enable eight-bit input (it will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The - default value is 'off'. The name 'meta-flag' is a synonym for - this variable. + default value is 'off', but Readline will set it to 'on' if + the locale contains eight-bit characters. The name + 'meta-flag' is a synonym for this variable. 'isearch-terminators' The string of characters that should terminate an incremental @@ -7365,7 +7372,8 @@ Variable Settings 'output-meta' If set to 'on', Readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape - sequence. The default is 'off'. + sequence. The default is 'off', but Readline will set it to + 'on' if the locale contains eight-bit characters. 'page-completions' If set to 'on', Readline uses an internal 'more'-like pager to @@ -10824,141 +10832,141 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 231) * DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 235) * disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 114) + (line 116) * echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 135) + (line 121) * editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 119) + (line 126) * EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 245) * emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 125) + (line 132) * enable-bracketed-paste: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 140) + (line 142) * enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 148) + (line 150) * ENV: Bash Variables. (line 250) * EUID: Bash Variables. (line 254) * EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 258) * expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 159) -* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 269) -* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 273) -* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 279) -* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 296) -* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 301) -* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 308) -* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 314) -* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 329) -* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 334) -* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 350) -* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 354) -* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 365) + (line 161) +* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 271) +* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 275) +* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 281) +* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 298) +* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 303) +* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 310) +* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 316) +* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 331) +* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 336) +* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 352) +* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 356) +* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 367) * history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 163) + (line 165) * history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 169) -* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 385) -* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 392) + (line 171) +* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 387) +* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 394) * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 13) * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 176) -* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 400) -* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 411) -* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 414) + (line 180) +* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 402) +* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 413) +* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 416) * IFS: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 18) -* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 417) +* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 419) * input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 183) -* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 427) + (line 187) +* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 429) * isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 190) + (line 195) * keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 197) -* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 431) -* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 435) -* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 439) -* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 446) + (line 202) +* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 433) +* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 437) +* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 441) +* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 448) * LC_MESSAGES: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 451) -* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 455) -* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 459) -* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 463) -* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 467) -* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 473) +* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 453) +* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 457) +* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 461) +* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 465) +* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 469) +* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 475) * MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 22) -* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 477) +* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 479) * MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 27) -* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 485) +* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 487) * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 227) -* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 232) -* match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax. +* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 237) +* match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 242) * menu-complete-display-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 244) + (line 249) * meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 183) -* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 489) + (line 187) +* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 491) * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 34) -* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 492) +* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 494) * OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 38) -* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 496) +* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 498) * output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 249) -* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 254) +* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 260) * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 42) -* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 499) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 504) -* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 513) -* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 517) -* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 521) -* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 527) +* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 501) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 506) +* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 515) +* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 519) +* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 523) +* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 529) * PS1: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 48) * PS2: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 53) -* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 532) -* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 537) -* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 543) -* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 546) -* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 551) -* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 555) -* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 559) +* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 534) +* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 539) +* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 545) +* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 548) +* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 553) +* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 557) +* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 561) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 264) -* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 562) -* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 568) -* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 573) -* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 582) -* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 270) -* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. +* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 564) +* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 570) +* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 575) +* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 584) +* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 276) +* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 282) * show-mode-in-prompt: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 285) -* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 291) +* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 297) * TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11) * TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 587) -* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 625) -* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 637) -* UID: Bash Variables. (line 641) +* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 589) +* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 627) +* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 639) +* UID: Bash Variables. (line 643) * vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 304) + (line 310) * vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 314) + (line 320) * visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 324) + (line 330)  File: bash.info, Node: Function Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Variable Index, Up: Indexes @@ -11320,134 +11328,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top895 -Node: Introduction2813 -Node: What is Bash?3029 -Node: What is a shell?4143 -Node: Definitions6681 -Node: Basic Shell Features9632 -Node: Shell Syntax10851 -Node: Shell Operation11877 -Node: Quoting13170 -Node: Escape Character14470 -Node: Single Quotes14955 -Node: Double Quotes15303 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16581 -Node: Locale Translation17834 -Node: Comments18730 -Node: Shell Commands19348 -Node: Simple Commands20220 -Node: Pipelines20851 -Node: Lists23594 -Node: Compound Commands25323 -Node: Looping Constructs26326 -Node: Conditional Constructs28789 -Node: Command Grouping39710 -Node: Coprocesses41189 -Node: GNU Parallel43021 -Node: Shell Functions46994 -Node: Shell Parameters52200 -Node: Positional Parameters56602 -Node: Special Parameters57502 -Node: Shell Expansions60839 -Node: Brace Expansion62776 -Node: Tilde Expansion65557 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67905 -Node: Command Substitution82037 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion83392 -Node: Process Substitution84324 -Node: Word Splitting85444 -Node: Filename Expansion87388 -Node: Pattern Matching89672 -Node: Quote Removal93370 -Node: Redirections93665 -Node: Executing Commands102914 -Node: Simple Command Expansion103584 -Node: Command Search and Execution105514 -Node: Command Execution Environment107850 -Node: Environment110834 -Node: Exit Status112493 -Node: Signals114163 -Node: Shell Scripts116130 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands118645 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120679 -Node: Bash Builtins141281 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior169911 -Node: The Set Builtin170256 -Node: The Shopt Builtin180669 -Node: Special Builtins196289 -Node: Shell Variables197268 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables197705 -Node: Bash Variables199736 -Node: Bash Features228000 -Node: Invoking Bash228899 -Node: Bash Startup Files234848 -Node: Interactive Shells239951 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240361 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241010 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior241825 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245200 -Node: Shell Arithmetic249201 -Node: Aliases251978 -Node: Arrays254526 -Node: The Directory Stack259610 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins260394 -Node: Controlling the Prompt263362 -Node: The Restricted Shell266108 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode267933 -Node: Job Control277845 -Node: Job Control Basics278305 -Node: Job Control Builtins283024 -Node: Job Control Variables287554 -Node: Command Line Editing288710 -Node: Introduction and Notation290381 -Node: Readline Interaction292004 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials293195 -Node: Readline Movement Commands294978 -Node: Readline Killing Commands295938 -Node: Readline Arguments297856 -Node: Searching298900 -Node: Readline Init File301086 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax302233 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs321997 -Node: Sample Init File324522 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands327639 -Node: Commands For Moving328843 -Node: Commands For History329986 -Node: Commands For Text334275 -Node: Commands For Killing337664 -Node: Numeric Arguments340145 -Node: Commands For Completion341284 -Node: Keyboard Macros345475 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands346162 -Node: Readline vi Mode351966 -Node: Programmable Completion352873 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins360334 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example370220 -Node: Using History Interactively375472 -Node: Bash History Facilities376156 -Node: Bash History Builtins379157 -Node: History Interaction383154 -Node: Event Designators386118 -Node: Word Designators387337 -Node: Modifiers388974 -Node: Installing Bash390376 -Node: Basic Installation391513 -Node: Compilers and Options394204 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures394945 -Node: Installation Names396608 -Node: Specifying the System Type397426 -Node: Sharing Defaults398142 -Node: Operation Controls398815 -Node: Optional Features399773 -Node: Reporting Bugs410030 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell411224 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License428076 -Node: Indexes453253 -Node: Builtin Index453707 -Node: Reserved Word Index460534 -Node: Variable Index462982 -Node: Function Index478441 -Node: Concept Index491661 +Node: Top897 +Node: Introduction2817 +Node: What is Bash?3033 +Node: What is a shell?4147 +Node: Definitions6685 +Node: Basic Shell Features9636 +Node: Shell Syntax10855 +Node: Shell Operation11881 +Node: Quoting13174 +Node: Escape Character14474 +Node: Single Quotes14959 +Node: Double Quotes15307 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16585 +Node: Locale Translation17838 +Node: Comments18734 +Node: Shell Commands19352 +Node: Simple Commands20224 +Node: Pipelines20855 +Node: Lists23598 +Node: Compound Commands25327 +Node: Looping Constructs26330 +Node: Conditional Constructs28793 +Node: Command Grouping39714 +Node: Coprocesses41193 +Node: GNU Parallel43025 +Node: Shell Functions46998 +Node: Shell Parameters52204 +Node: Positional Parameters56606 +Node: Special Parameters57506 +Node: Shell Expansions60843 +Node: Brace Expansion62780 +Node: Tilde Expansion65561 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67909 +Node: Command Substitution82041 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion83396 +Node: Process Substitution84328 +Node: Word Splitting85448 +Node: Filename Expansion87392 +Node: Pattern Matching89676 +Node: Quote Removal93374 +Node: Redirections93669 +Node: Executing Commands102912 +Node: Simple Command Expansion103582 +Node: Command Search and Execution105512 +Node: Command Execution Environment107848 +Node: Environment110832 +Node: Exit Status112491 +Node: Signals114161 +Node: Shell Scripts116128 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands118643 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120677 +Node: Bash Builtins141277 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior169907 +Node: The Set Builtin170252 +Node: The Shopt Builtin180665 +Node: Special Builtins196285 +Node: Shell Variables197264 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables197701 +Node: Bash Variables199732 +Node: Bash Features228112 +Node: Invoking Bash229011 +Node: Bash Startup Files234960 +Node: Interactive Shells240063 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240473 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241122 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior241937 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245312 +Node: Shell Arithmetic249313 +Node: Aliases252130 +Node: Arrays254678 +Node: The Directory Stack259762 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins260546 +Node: Controlling the Prompt263514 +Node: The Restricted Shell266260 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode268085 +Node: Job Control277997 +Node: Job Control Basics278457 +Node: Job Control Builtins283176 +Node: Job Control Variables287706 +Node: Command Line Editing288862 +Node: Introduction and Notation290533 +Node: Readline Interaction292156 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials293347 +Node: Readline Movement Commands295130 +Node: Readline Killing Commands296090 +Node: Readline Arguments298008 +Node: Searching299052 +Node: Readline Init File301238 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax302385 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs322572 +Node: Sample Init File325097 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands328214 +Node: Commands For Moving329418 +Node: Commands For History330561 +Node: Commands For Text334850 +Node: Commands For Killing338239 +Node: Numeric Arguments340720 +Node: Commands For Completion341859 +Node: Keyboard Macros346050 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands346737 +Node: Readline vi Mode352541 +Node: Programmable Completion353448 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins360909 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example370795 +Node: Using History Interactively376047 +Node: Bash History Facilities376731 +Node: Bash History Builtins379732 +Node: History Interaction383729 +Node: Event Designators386693 +Node: Word Designators387912 +Node: Modifiers389549 +Node: Installing Bash390951 +Node: Basic Installation392088 +Node: Compilers and Options394779 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures395520 +Node: Installation Names397183 +Node: Specifying the System Type398001 +Node: Sharing Defaults398717 +Node: Operation Controls399390 +Node: Optional Features400348 +Node: Reporting Bugs410605 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell411799 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License428651 +Node: Indexes453828 +Node: Builtin Index454282 +Node: Reserved Word Index461109 +Node: Variable Index463557 +Node: Function Index479016 +Node: Concept Index492236  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 6f481bb6..ce0905c2 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 6fd4b5dd..880c2509 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Mon Feb 8 10:16:51 2016 +%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 28 15:34:55 2016 %%DocumentNeededResources: font 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A)-.25 F -.205(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 144 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F +.204(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205 (\214x matches one of the entries in)-.25 F F2(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205 -(is e)2.455 F .204(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.) -144 144 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF -(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 156 Q F0 .23(If set to a numeric v) -144 168 R .231 +(is e)2.455 F .205(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.) +144 156 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF +(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 168 Q F0 .231 +(If set to a numeric v)144 180 R .231 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.731(l. Function).15 F(in)2.731 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E -(cations that e)144 180 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. 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If)144 228 R 3.132<618c>3.132 G .632 (lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 (xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F2 -(GLOBIGNORE)144 228 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E +(GLOBIGNORE)144 240 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1 -(HISTCONTR)108 240 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.654(Ac)144 252 S .153 -(olon-separated list of v)-2.654 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F +(HISTCONTR)108 252 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 264 S .153 +(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 -G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .153(If the list) -5.153 F .49(of v)144 264 R .49(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.99 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.99(,l).18 G .49 -(ines which be)-2.99 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .491 -(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.991(di).15 G 2.991(nt) --2.991 G .491(he his-)-2.991 F .558(tory list.)144 276 R 3.058(Av)5.558 -G .558(alue of)-3.308 F F5(ignor)3.068 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .558 -(causes lines matching the pre)3.328 F .557 -(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.958 -(Av)144 288 S .458(alue of)-3.208 F F5(ignor)2.968 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.458(is shorthand for)3.238 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.959 E F5(ignor)2.959 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.459(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .459 -(lue of).25 F F5(er)2.959 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.959 E .699 -(all pre)144 300 R .698 +G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .154(If the list) +5.153 F .491(of v)144 276 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491 +(ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .49 +(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 +G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 288 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 +(alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 +(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 +(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.959 +(Av)144 300 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F5(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +.459(is shorthand for)3.239 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) +2.959 E F5(ignor)2.958 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.458(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .458 +(lue of).25 F F5(er)2.958 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.958 E .698 +(all pre)144 312 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.198(df).15 G .698(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.763(d. An).15 F 2.763(yv)-.15 G .263 -(alue not in the abo)-3.013 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 -(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .264 -(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.942(av)144 324 S .442(alid v) --3.192 F .442(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.941(do).15 G 2.941(nt)-2.941 G .441 -(he history list, subject to the v)-2.941 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)144 336 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ -f a multi-line compound command are not)6.481 F -(tested, and are added to the history re)144 348 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F +(sa)144 324 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 +(alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 +(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 +(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 336 S .441(alid v) +-3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 +(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F2 +(HISTIGNORE)144 348 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ +f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F +(tested, and are added to the history re)144 360 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) -A F1(HISTFILE)108 360 Q F0 .181 -(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 372 R -.15 +A F1(HISTFILE)108 372 Q F0 .181 +(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 384 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F2(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.681(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.681 E .181(ault v) --.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 384 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 +-.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) +-.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 396 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 -(dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 396 Q F0 -1.622(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 -408 R 1.623(When this v)6.623 F 1.623(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 420 S .932(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) +(dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 408 Q F0 +1.623(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 +420 R 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 +(va)144 432 S .931(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) .25 F 3.432(,t)-.65 G 3.432(oc)-3.432 G .932 -(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 432 Q .87 -(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .871(The history \214le is also trunca\ -ted to this size after writing it when a)5.87 F 1.245(shell e)144 444 R -3.745(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 -(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.244 -(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.244(alues and)-.25 F 1.021(numeric v)144 456 R +(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 444 Q +.871(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .87(The history \214le is also tru\ +ncated to this size after writing it when a)5.871 F 1.244(shell e)144 +456 R 3.744(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 +(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.245 +(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.245(alues and)-.25 F 1.022(numeric v)144 468 R 1.022(alues less than zero inhibit truncation.)-.25 F 1.022 (The shell sets the def)6.022 F 1.022(ault v)-.1 F 1.022(alue to the v) --.25 F 1.022(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)144 468 Q F0(after reading an) -2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 480 Q F0 -2.658(Ac)144 492 S .158(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ -which command lines should be sa)-2.658 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.657(do).15 G -2.657(nt)-2.657 G .157(he his-)-2.657 F .707(tory list.)144 504 R .707 -(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.707 F .708 -(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .626 -(\(no implicit `)144 516 R F1(*)A F0 3.126('i)C 3.126(sa)-3.126 G 3.126 -(ppended\). Each)-3.126 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.126 F .625 +-.25 F 1.021(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)144 480 Q F0(after reading an) +2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 492 Q F0 +2.657(Ac)144 504 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ +which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G +2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 516 R .708 +(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 +(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 +(\(no implicit `)144 528 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 +(ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 (ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F2(HISTCONTR)144 -528 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 +540 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F -F1(&)A F0(')A 2.515(matches the pre)144 540 R 2.515(vious history line.) +F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 552 R 2.514(vious history line.) -.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 -(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 552 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(db).15 G .852(efore attempting a match.)-3.352 F +(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 564 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F .852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F -1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 564 R +1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 576 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)3.769 E F4(.)A F0 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 576 Q F1(extglob)2.5 -E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 588 Q F0 1.387 -(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 600 +(HISTIGNORE)3.77 E F4(.)A F0 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 588 Q F1(extglob)2.5 +E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 600 Q F0 1.387 +(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 612 R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) --.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 612 S 1.321 -(lue is 0, commands are not sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.821(di).15 G 3.821 -(nt)-3.821 G 1.321(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.32(Numeric v)6.32 F 1.32 -(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 624 T .436 -(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.936(do).15 G 2.936(nt)-2.936 -G .436(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.936 F .437 -(The shell sets the def)5.437 F .437(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E -(to 500 after reading an)144 636 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E -F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 648 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 660 R .952 -(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 -(\(3\) to print the)B .672 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 672 -R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) -3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 684 R +-.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 624 S 1.32(lue is 0, commands are not sa) +.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.82(di).15 G 3.821(nt)-3.82 G 1.321 +(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.321(Numeric v)6.321 F 1.321 +(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 636 T .437 +(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.937(do).15 G 2.937(nt)-2.937 +G .437(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.937 F .436 +(The shell sets the def)5.436 F .436(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E +(to 500 after reading an)144 648 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E +F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 660 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 672 R .951 +(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952 +(\(3\) to print the)B .673 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 684 +R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) +3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 696 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 696 Q +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 708 Q (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(15)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -2113,59 +2117,59 @@ SF(HOME)108 84 Q F0 1.27 (HOSTFILE)108 120 Q F0 1.015 (Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 132 R/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015 -(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .55 +(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .551 (needs to complete a hostname.)144 144 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 156 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 +1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 156 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 (alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 168 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) -2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139 -(alue, or)-.25 F .518(does not name a readable \214le,)144 180 R F1 -(bash)3.018 E F0 .518(attempts to read)3.018 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 -.517(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 +(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138 +(alue, or)-.25 F .517(does not name a readable \214le,)144 180 R F1 +(bash)3.017 E F0 .517(attempts to read)3.017 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 +.518(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 192 Q(When)5 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0 (is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E F1(IFS)108 204 Q F0(The) -144 204 Q F2 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E -F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556 +144 204 Q F2 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E +F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555 (xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 216 S(rds with the) .1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 228 Q F0 .503 (Controls the action of an interacti)144 240 R .803 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) 144 252 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 (on an input line before)144 264 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 276 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 276 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E F3(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 288 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 300 R F1 -.18(re) +(INPUTRC)108 288 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 300 R F1 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F3(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 312 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F1(LANG)108 324 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)144 324 R -1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F3(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 312 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F1(LANG)108 324 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 324 R +1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 336 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 348 Q F0 .973 -(This v)144 360 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 +(starting with)144 336 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 348 Q F0 .974 +(This v)144 360 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 (rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F3(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) 3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G -.974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 372 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -(LC_COLLA)108 384 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 396 R .412(ariable det\ +.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 372 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 384 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 396 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 408 R 1.464 -(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 408 R 1.465 +(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 420 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 432 Q F0 -1.936(This v)144 444 R 1.936 +1.935(This v)144 444 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 456 Q +1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 456 Q (xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 468 Q(GES)-.55 E F0(This v)144 480 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) @@ -2173,23 +2177,23 @@ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) (gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 516 Q F0(This v) 144 528 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E (gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 540 Q F0 -.054(Used by the)144 540 R F1(select)2.554 E F0 .054(compound command t\ -o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.554 F .265 -(Automatically set if the)144 552 R F1(checkwinsize)2.765 E F0 .264 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.765 F .564 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .264 +.055(Used by the)144 540 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ +o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 +(Automatically set if the)144 552 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 (hell upon receipt of a).15 F F3(SIGWINCH)144 564 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 576 Q F0 1.201 (If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 576 -R F3(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.202 -(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 +R F3(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 +(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 (informs the user of the arri)144 588 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 600 Q F0 .099 -(Speci\214es ho)144 612 R 2.599(wo)-.25 G .099(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.599 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) -5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .098(When it is time)5.098 F .223 +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 600 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 612 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +-2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) +5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 624 R .224(If this v)5.224 F .224(ariable is unset,)-.25 F +mpt.)144 624 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F (or set to a v)144 636 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 648 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 660 S .49 @@ -2202,9 +2206,9 @@ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 648 Q (pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 (MAILP)144 696 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 708 Q F0 .389 -(supplies a def)2.889 F .389(ault v)-.1 F .389(alue for this v)-.25 F -.389(ariable, b)-.25 F .388 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 708 Q F0 .388 +(supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F +.388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389 (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F (system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 720 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 (\).)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(16)190.95 E 0 Cg @@ -2215,31 +2219,32 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(OPTERR)108 84 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 96 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F -F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F -F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 -.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .36(SHELL B)144 108 R(UIL)-.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 -F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.36 E F0 .359 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +SF(OPTERR)108 84 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 96 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1 +(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1 +(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .359(SHELL B)144 108 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) -.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 132 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 -(The search path for commands.)144 132 R .588 +.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 132 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +(The search path for commands.)144 132 R .587 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 144 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 144 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 (zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 156 S -.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 168 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 180 R F1(bash)28.828 E F0 -31.329(.A)C 26.329(common v)-2.5 F 26.329(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10/Courier@0 -SF(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 192 -Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 204 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 216 -R .472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash) -2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.471(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011 +.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 168 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +-.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 180 R F1(bash)28.829 E F0 +31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10 +/Courier@0 SF +(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 192 Q +F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 204 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 216 R +.471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 +E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 +(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 (the startup \214les, as if the)144 228 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 (If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 240 Q F1(bash)2.5 @@ -2260,41 +2265,41 @@ E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 336 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 348 Q F0 .064(The v)144 348 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 348 Q F0 .065(The v)144 348 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) 2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 (w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 360 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 372 Q F0 .118(The v)144 372 R .118 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) -5.117 E(def)144 384 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 396 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 396 R 1.115 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 372 Q F0 .117(The v)144 372 R .117 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) +5.118 E(def)144 384 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 396 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 396 R 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) -144 408 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 420 Q F0 -.101(The v)144 420 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 432 Q F0 .291 -(displays during an e)2.791 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F -.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .292 +3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) +144 408 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 420 Q F0 .1 +(The v)144 420 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 432 Q F0 .292 +(displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F +.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291 (is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 444 Q 2.5(,t) -.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 456 Q F0 .664 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 456 Q F0 .663 (The full pathname to the shell is k)144 468 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F -.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663 +.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664 (it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 480 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 492 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 +G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 492 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 504 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 516 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 -(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 516 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 +(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 (an escape sequence that is e)144 528 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F (and their meanings are as follo)144 540 Q (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 558 Q F0 2.5 (Al)194 558 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 570 Q F4(p)A F1 @@ -2305,20 +2310,20 @@ F1(%[)144 594 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 606 Q .87 (The optional)144 622.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) -144 634.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 646.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4 -(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 658.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 675.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) +144 634.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 646.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F4 +(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E +F4(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 658.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 675.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 687.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 -(If this v)144 704.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 687.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 +(If this v)144 704.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 144 716.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 @@ -2335,130 +2340,130 @@ SF(TMOUT)108 84 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 96 R .941 (alue greater than zero,)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 108 Q F1 -(select)2.81 E F0 .31(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F -.611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311 -(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 120 R -.886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 -F .885(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 +(select)2.811 E F0 .311(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 +F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31 +(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 120 R +.885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 +F .886(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 132 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that) -.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 -144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 156 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 168 -R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 180 Q 2.5(su)-.55 G -(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 192 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 204 R .53 -(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 216 R +144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 156 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 168 +R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 180 Q 2.5(su)-.55 +G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 192 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 204 R +.531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 +(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 216 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 228 S .366(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F -1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -240 R(The)6.125 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 -(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 252 Q 1.132 + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 228 S .367(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F +1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +240 R(The)6.125 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.125 +(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 252 Q 1.133 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 -(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 +(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 (match the name of a stopped job e)144 264 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 276 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 288 Q F1(%?)3.334 E F0 -.834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E +-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 288 Q F1(%?)3.333 E F0 +.833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 300 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 312 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(histchars)108 324 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 336 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 312 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(histchars)108 324 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 336 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) -4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.569 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 348 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F3 1.216 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G -1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 348 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215 +(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G +1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) 144 360 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 (second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 372 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 372 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239 +(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 (ing one string for another in the command.)144 384 R .575(The def)5.575 -F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 -(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ +F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 +(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 396 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 408 R 1.294 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 420 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F -.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +char)144 396 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 408 R 1.293 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 +(skipped for the remaining w)144 420 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 +(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F (the rest of the line as a comment.)144 432 Q F1(Arrays)87 448.8 Q(Bash) -108 460.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) --.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 +108 460.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 (ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 472.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.329(an array)108 484.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 -(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 496.8 R +2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.328(an array)108 484.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 +(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 496.8 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 508.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 525.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 537.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A -F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F3(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 -(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 -E -.15(ex)108 549.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E -4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.979 -(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 525.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F3(name)4.963 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 537.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A +F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F3(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348 +E -.15(ex)108 549.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 +E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.98 +(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E (w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 561.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3 (subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 578.4 Q .3 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 595.2 Q .94 +G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 595.2 Q .941 (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) --.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G -(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E -(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 607.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 -.18(re)3.44 G +(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute) +-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 607.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 624 R F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F3(value)108 636 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F3 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) +-4.148 F F3(value)108 636 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F3 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 (When assigning to inde)108 648 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 -(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 660 R 3.91 -(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) --3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) --3.911 F(Inde)108 672 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E -(When assigning to an associati)108 688.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 -E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 705.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 +(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 660 R +3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 672 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 688.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) +-2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 705.6 R F1(declar) +2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 717.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) -4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 729.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) +4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 729.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(18)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -2471,46 +2476,46 @@ BP (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 96 Q(An)108 112.8 Q -3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.576 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 -(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 +3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.575 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 +(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 (con\215icts with pathname e)108 124.8 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)4.041 E F0(or) 4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F -1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 -(These subscripts dif)108 136.8 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 148.8 Q F1(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B -.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 +1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 +(These subscripts dif)108 136.8 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 148.8 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B +.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.375(of the)108 160.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375 -(special v)3.625 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 -([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.374 -(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027 +1.374(of the)108 160.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 +(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 +([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 +(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 (there are no array members, ${)108 172.8 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B -2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F -2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759(within a w)108 184.8 R .759 +2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F +2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 184.8 R .759 (ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 196.8 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 -F .228(to the e)108 208.8 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 +F .227(to the e)108 208.8 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 (\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 220.8 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F2(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 232.8 -R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 232.8 +R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 -(luates to a number).25 F .628 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 244.8 R .928 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G -3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 +(luates to a number).25 F .629 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 244.8 R .929 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G +3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (indices count back from the end of the array)108 256.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 @@ -2521,72 +2526,72 @@ E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 302.4 Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 319.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F2 -(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 331.2 S .75 +.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 319.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 +(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 331.2 S .749 (pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 343.2 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 360 Q F2(unset)2.766 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G +E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 360 Q F2(unset)2.767 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G (rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 372 Q F0 6.319(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) --6.319 H(ti).15 E 1.619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.319(ubscripts to inde).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.819(da).15 G 1.319 -(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.819 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.318 -(.C).15 G 1.318(are must be tak)-6.318 F 1.318(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 -384 S .297(id unw).2 F .297(anted side ef)-.1 F .297 -(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.297 E F1 -(name)2.798 E F0 2.798(,w)C(here)-2.798 E F1(name)2.798 E F0 .298 -(is an array)2.798 F 2.798(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.798 E F2(unset)2.798 E F1 +-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 372 Q F0 6.318(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) +-6.318 H(ti).15 E 1.618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.318(ubscripts to inde).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.818(da).15 G 1.319 +(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.818 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.319 +(.C).15 G 1.319(are must be tak)-6.319 F 1.319(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 +384 S .298(id unw).2 F .298(anted side ef)-.1 F .298 +(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.298 E F1 +(name)2.797 E F0 2.797(,w)C(here)-2.797 E F1(name)2.797 E F0 .297 +(is an array)2.797 F 2.797(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.797 E F2(unset)2.797 E F1 (name)108 396 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 -412.8 Q F2(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C -(nd)-3.574 E F2 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073 +412.8 Q F2(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C +(nd)-3.573 E F2 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073 (iltins each accept a).2 F F23.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 -(rray and a)-3.573 F F23.573 E F0 .338 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 +(rray and a)-3.574 F F23.574 E F0 .339 (option to specify an associati)108 424.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) -2.838 F F22.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 +5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 (accepts a)108 436.8 R F22.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +-5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)108 448.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 465.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 477.6 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) -2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 +(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) 2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 (command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 501.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) 2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .418(The order of e)108 518.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 -(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 530.4 S -.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +E .419(The order of e)108 518.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 +(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 530.4 S +.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) -.15 E(sion.)108 542.4 Q .257 (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 559.2 R .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 571.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E 1.487(Only brace e)108 588 R 1.487(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487 +-.15 E 1.486(Only brace e)108 588 R 1.486(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 -(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 600 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F -1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) +(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 +(ex)108 600 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F +1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) -.15 F -.15(ex)108 612 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") -2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G @@ -2597,15 +2602,15 @@ Q F1(Br)108.58 640.8 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 664.8 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 664.8 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 676.8 R .563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 688.8 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 700.8 Q .718(Brace e)108 717.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 +ch resulting string, e)108 688.8 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 700.8 Q .719(Brace e)108 717.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) 108 729.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 @@ -2616,53 +2621,53 @@ F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.243(As)108 84 S -.743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743(es the form)-.1 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)3.243 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1(..)A F2 -(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E -F0(and)3.242 E F2(y)3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742 -(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and)108 96 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031 -(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.242(As)108 84 S +.742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742(es the form)-.1 F +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)3.242 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1(..)A F2 +(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F2(x)3.242 E +F0(and)3.243 E F2(y)3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743 +(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and)108 96 Q F2(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032 +(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger) -.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532 -(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532(xpression e)-.15 F .532 -(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 108 R F2(x)2.578 E F0 -(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 -F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077(to force each term to ha) -2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014(same width.)108 120 R .014 -(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or)2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 -E .015(gins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated term\ +(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532(xpression e)-.15 F .531 +(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 108 R F2(x)2.577 E F0 +(and)2.577 E F2(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi)-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 +F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .078(to force each term to ha) +2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015(same width.)108 120 R .015 +(When either)5.015 F F2(x)2.515 E F0(or)2.515 E F2(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 +E .014(gins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated term\ s to contain)-.15 F 1.143 (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 132 R 6.143 (.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F(xpression) -.15 E -.15(ex)108 144 S 1.064(pands to each character le).15 F 1.064 (xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G 1.064 -(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 -(that both)108 156 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 +(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 +(that both)108 156 R F2(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F2(y)3.483 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) -.25 E(between each term.)108 168 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 184.8 -R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 196.8 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 208.8 Q +(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 184.8 +R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 +(are preserv)108 196.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 208.8 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 225.6 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 225.6 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 237.6 R 3.441 +t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 237.6 R 3.441 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 (unchanged. A)108 249.6 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 -(sion. T)108 261.6 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 +(sion. T)108 261.6 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F (xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 273.6 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) 108 290.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 302.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H @@ -2672,81 +2677,82 @@ G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 331.2 Q(cho)144 343.2 Q -.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 360 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 372 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G .247 -(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 384 Q -.15 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 372 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247 +(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 384 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 396 Q F0 .514 -(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) -3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 396 Q F0 .515 +(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) +3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 (If strict compatibility with)108 408 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 (xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 420 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set) 2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)87 436.8 S -(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 448.8 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F -1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.087 +(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 448.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F +1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.086 ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) 108 460.8 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 472.8 R .726 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 484.8 Q .523 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 472.8 R .725 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 484.8 Q .522 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 496.8 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 496.8 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 508.8 Q .093 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 508.8 Q .092 (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 525.6 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 537.6 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 537.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 549.6 R F2(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 549.6 R F2(N)4.141 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -561.6 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 573.6 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 +561.6 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 573.6 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) 108 585.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 602.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 619.2 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 619.2 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.468(these cases, tilde e)108 631.2 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.467(these cases, tilde e)108 631.2 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 (ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 643.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 660 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `) -108 672 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e) --4.105 F 1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F -4.106(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 684 +(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 660 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `) +108 672 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e) +-4.106 F 1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F +4.105(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 684 R .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F -.406(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 696 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 +.407(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 696 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 708 -Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) -108 724.8 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(20)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +Q 1.189 +(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 +724.8 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(20)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2756,74 +2762,74 @@ BP (quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 84 R 2.15 (xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 96 S (pansion.).15 E(${)108 112.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F0(})A 1.205(The v)144 124.8 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.705 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F1(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 +E F0(})A 1.204(The v)144 124.8 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.704 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 +(The braces are required when)6.204 F F1(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 (parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 136.8 R F1(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 (be interpreted as part of its name.)144 148.8 R(The)7.677 E F1(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) 5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.74(PA)144 160.8 S (RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G -(rray reference \()-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A F0(\).)A .346 +(rray reference \()-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A F0(\).)A .347 (If the \214rst character of)108 177.6 R F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F2(!)A F0 .346 (\), and)B F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a)2.846 F F1 -(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G(ntroduces) --2.847 E 2.635(al)108 189.6 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.635 H 2.635(lo).25 G -2.635(fv)-2.635 G .135(ariable indirection.)-2.885 F F2(Bash)5.134 E F0 +(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G(ntroduces) +-2.846 E 2.634(al)108 189.6 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634(lo).25 G +2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F2(Bash)5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F1(par)2.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.134(as the)2.634 F 1.003(name of the v)108 201.6 R 1.003 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F1(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 201.6 R 1.003 (ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 (xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 -(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .595 -(rather than the v)108 213.6 R .595(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.095 E +(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .594 +(rather than the v)108 213.6 R .594(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.094 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 3.095(itself. This)3.095 F .595(is kno)3.095 F .595 -(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.594 -(.I)C(f)-5.594 E F1(par)3.094 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .594(is a nameref,) -3.094 F .477(this e)108 225.6 R .477(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F -.477(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(par)2.978 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .478 -(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.978 F 2.164(rect e)108 237.6 +(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.595 +(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1(par)3.095 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .595(is a nameref,) +3.095 F .478(this e)108 225.6 R .478(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F +.478(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(par)2.977 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .477 +(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.977 F 2.163(rect e)108 237.6 R 4.663(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.663 G 2.163 (ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.163(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A F1 (pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 4.663(}a)C 2.163(nd ${)-4.663 F F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 2.163(]} described)B(belo)108 249.6 Q 3.8 -.65 +(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 2.164(]} described)B(belo)108 249.6 Q 3.8 -.65 (w. T)-.25 H(he e).65 E(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 266.4 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 E (d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 278.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 +F(and arithmetic e)108 278.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089 (When not performing substring e)108 295.2 R 1.089 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 -(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 307.2 Q(Omitt\ -ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 +(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 307.2 Q(Omitti\ +ng the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E (${)108 324 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2 .722(Use Default V)144 336 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F1 -(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) -3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 348 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 +F2 .723(Use Default V)144 336 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F1 +(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 348 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 (par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 360 Q F1(par) -A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005 -(Assign Default V)144 372 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1 -(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F -2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 -(is assigned to)5.274 F F1(par)144 384 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 G -.278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 +A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004 +(Assign Default V)144 372 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1 +(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F +2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 +(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 384 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 G +.279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F (eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 396 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) 108 408 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .535(Display Err)144 420 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C (f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 432 R -.661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 432 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F (interacti)144 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 456 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 @@ -2836,45 +2842,45 @@ A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) 144 516 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 -(character speci\214ed by)144 528 R F1(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 -(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 +(character speci\214ed by)144 528 R F1(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 +(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F2(*) -3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 540 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F2(*) +3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 540 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 (fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 -(substring of the v)144 552 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F F1(of) -2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the)-.15 F -.846(end of the v)144 564 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 -E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .847 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV)3.347 F +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 +(substring of the v)144 552 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F1(of) +2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F +.847(end of the v)144 564 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 +E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 576 Q(w\).)-.25 E -(If)144 600 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +(If)144 600 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 (luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.045(end of the v)144 612 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.046(end of the v)144 612 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 624 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 636 R -.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 +(of)144 624 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 636 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 648 Q -.2(vo) -.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 672 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 E -F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 E -F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) -2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 684 R .095 +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 672 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 E +F2(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1(length)2.959 E +F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) +2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .096(is tak)144 684 R .096 (en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) -.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .096(luates to).25 F 1.322 +.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .095(luates to).25 F 1.321 (the last positional parameter)144 696 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti)-6.322 G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if)-3.972 F F1(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 @@ -2886,66 +2892,67 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(If)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514 (rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F1(length) -3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 96 R 1.082 +3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 96 R 1.081 (ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 -E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 -(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F -1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079 -(than the maximum inde)144 108 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079 -(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 -(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length) -3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.) -144 120 Q(Substring e)144 144 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931 -(Substring inde)144 168 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positiona\ -l parameters are used, in which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 180 Q .306 -(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .307(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.807 E F0 .307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E +E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 +(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F +1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08 +(than the maximum inde)144 108 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08 +(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 +(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F1 +(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F +(number less than zero.)144 120 Q(Substring e)144 144 Q +(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 168 R +1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in \ +which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 180 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F +2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.806 E F0 .306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E (to the list.)144 192 Q(${)108 208.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 (*)A F0(})A(${)108 220.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 -.085(Names matching pr)144 232.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) --2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 244.8 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F -.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 256.8 Q +.084(Names matching pr)144 232.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) +-2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 244.8 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F +.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 256.8 Q (ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 273.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 285.6 Q F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 297.6 R(eys) +(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 297.6 R(eys) -.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) 4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.595(assigned in)144 309.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1 -(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 321.6 Q F0 +.596(assigned in)144 309.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F1 +(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 +(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 321.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -338.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 350.4 S .471 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 -(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par) -4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 362.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) -3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +338.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 350.4 S .47 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) +-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 +(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 +362.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 +(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 +6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 (array name subscripted by)144 374.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F1(par)145.25 386.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 -(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 398.4 R 1.273 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F1(par)145.25 386.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 398.4 R 1.272 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) 144 410.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 427.2 Q F1 (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 439.2 Q F1 @@ -2953,29 +2960,29 @@ G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 427.2 Q F1 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.152(name e)144 463.2 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 +.151(name e)144 463.2 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 (the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152 (hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 475.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) -.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2 (#)A F0 -.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `) 144 487.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) .74 F(If)5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E -F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo) +F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo) 144 499.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 511.2 R -(If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 511.2 R +(If)5.401 E F1(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.631 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) -2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E +2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902 +(lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 E (is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 523.2 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 540 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 552 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 564 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H -.146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1 -(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 +E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 564 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H +.147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1 +(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 576 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) @@ -2984,74 +2991,74 @@ G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 588 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 (with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 600 S F2 -(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 +(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74('' c)D .042 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 -2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 612 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.542 E F0(or)2.542 E F2(*)2.542 E F0 +2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441(pattern remo)144 612 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.941 (lo).25 G .441 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 624 R(If) -5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E -F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G -(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E +-2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 624 R(If) +5.24 E F1(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F2(*)2.741 E +F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 +G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 636 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 652.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 664.8 -S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 -E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 +S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 +E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 676.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 -(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 688.8 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 -E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 -2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 -(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 -(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 700.8 R -(If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) -3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 -F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 712.8 S .62 -(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1 -(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.12 E F0 3.12 -(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 724.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) +(sion.)144 676.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 +(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 688.8 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f) +-5.161 E F1(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F2(/) +2.661 E F0 2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 +.16(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 +(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 700.8 R +(If)5.806 E F1(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) +3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 +F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 712.8 S .621 +(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F1 +(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.121 E F0 +3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F +.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 724.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F1(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) 3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) -3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be) -3.753 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(22)190.95 E 0 Cg +3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) +3.754 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(22)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.731(omitted. If) -144 84 R(the)2.731 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocasematch)2.731 E F0 .231 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.731 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .232(rd to the).05 F .188(case of alphabetic characters.)144 -96 R(If)5.188 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) -3.418 E F1(@)2.688 E F0(or)2.688 E F1(*)2.687 E F0 2.687(,t)C .187 -(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.687 F .445 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.732(omitted. If) +144 84 R(the)2.732 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocasematch)2.732 E F0 .231 +(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.732 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .231(rd to the).05 F .187(case of alphabetic characters.)144 +96 R(If)5.187 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) +3.417 E F1(@)2.687 E F0(or)2.687 E F1(*)2.688 E F0 2.688(,t)C .188 +(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.688 F .446 (positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 108 R .446 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.446 E F2(par)4.196 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .446(is an array v)3.676 F(ari-)-.25 E .463 -(able subscripted with)144 120 R F1(@)2.963 E F0(or)2.963 E F1(*)2.963 E -F0 2.963(,t)C .462 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.445 E F2(par)4.195 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .445(is an array v)3.675 F(ari-)-.25 E .462 +(able subscripted with)144 120 R F1(@)2.962 E F0(or)2.962 E F1(*)2.962 E +F0 2.962(,t)C .463 (he substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in) --2.963 F(turn, and the e)144 132 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 +-2.962 F(turn, and the e)144 132 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${) 108 160.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 172.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 184.8 Q -F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .437 -(Case modi\214cation)144 196.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .438 +(Case modi\214cation)144 196.8 R F0 5.438(.T)C .438(his e)-5.438 F .437 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F2(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F2(pattern)144 208.8 Q -F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 220.8 -S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F2(pattern)144 208.8 Q +F0 1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 220.8 +S 1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F2(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 @@ -3060,76 +3067,76 @@ F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F2(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 -.15(ve)144 244.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F2(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F1(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 256.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)4.047 E +1.547(letters to lo)144 256.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)4.047 E F0(and)4.047 E F1(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 268.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F1(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 -E F1(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F2(pattern)144 280.8 Q F0 .78 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 268.8 S .634(lue; the).25 F F1(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 +E F1(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F2(pattern)144 280.8 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F1(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F2(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F1(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F1(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 292.8 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 304.8 R(If)5.469 E F2 +(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 304.8 R(If)5.468 E F2 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F1(*)2.968 E -F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F1(*)2.969 E +F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 316.8 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 333.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F1(@)A F2(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 345.6 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F2(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 357.6 R F2 -(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 -E F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -369.6 Q F1(Q)144 393.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 393.6 R 1.064 +F2(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 357.6 R F2 +(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 +E F2(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 +369.6 Q F1(Q)144 393.6 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 393.6 R 1.065 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 405.6 Q F1(E)144 417.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 417.6 R +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 405.6 Q F1(E)144 417.6 Q F0 .44(The e)180 417.6 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 429.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F1(P)144 441.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 441.6 R +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 +F -.15(ex)180 429.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E +F0(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F1(P)144 441.6 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 441.6 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 453.6 Q F1(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 465.6 Q F0 1.138 +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 465.6 Q F0 1.137 (The e)180 465.6 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F1(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 477.6 Q +F1(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(a)144 489.6 Q F0 (The e)180 489.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 506.4 Q F2(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.81 E F1(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F1(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 506.4 Q F2(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.811 E F1(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F1(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 518.4 S .347(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F -(If)5.347 E F2(par)4.097 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.577 F -.346(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.846 E F0(or)2.846 E F1(*) -2.846 E F0 2.846(,t)C .346(he case)-2.846 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ +-4.081 F -.15(ex)144 518.4 S .346(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F +(If)5.346 E F2(par)4.096 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.576 F +.347(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.847 E F0(or)2.847 E F1(*) +2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .347(he case)-2.847 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ ion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 530.4 -R 1.204(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 542.4 Q 1.85 +R 1.203(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 542.4 Q 1.849 (The result of the e)144 566.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described) --.15 F(belo)144 578.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 595.2 -Q F2 1.697(Command substitution)108 607.2 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 -(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 619.2 Q F1($\()144 636 Q F2 +1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 +F(belo)144 578.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 595.2 Q F2 +1.698(Command substitution)108 607.2 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 619.2 Q F1($\()144 636 Q F2 (command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 648 Q F1<92>144 660 Q F2(command)A F1 -<92>A(Bash)108 676.8 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.589 E F0 -.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) +<92>A(Bash)108 676.8 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 +.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) 108 688.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) --.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) 108 700.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) --.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.691 E F2(\214le) -2.691 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 712.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le) +2.692 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 712.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 729.6 R(xcept)-.15 E @@ -3139,69 +3146,69 @@ G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .315(when follo) -108 84 R .315(wed by)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1 -<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .314(when follo) +108 84 R .314(wed by)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1 +<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 96 R 1.386(using the $\()3.886 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G -3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F +sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 96 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 F +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G +3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F (mand; none are treated specially)108 108 Q(.)-.65 E .894 (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 124.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F (quotes with backslashes.)108 136.8 Q .422 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 153.6 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 F(on the results.)108 165.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 182.4 Q F0 -1.035(Arithmetic e)108 194.4 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 +1.034(Arithmetic e)108 194.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F (The format for arithmetic e)108 206.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() 144 223.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 240 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 -(treated specially)108 252 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 +F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 +(treated specially)108 252 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 -(tution, and quote remo)108 264 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 276 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 292.8 R --.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 -(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) --.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 304.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E --.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) -2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 321.6 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 333.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) --.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 +-.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 +(tution, and quote remo)108 264 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F 1.059 +(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059(xpression to be e) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)108 276 S +(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 292.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F +3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 304.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) +2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) +-.1 E F1(Pr)87 321.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 333.6 Q .405 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F +2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 345.6 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 345.6 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 (This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 357.6 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 369.6 R .56 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 369.6 R .559 (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.059 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .559 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 381.6 Q .308 +(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 381.6 Q .309 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) -5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 393.6 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 410.4 R -.25(va) +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 410.4 R -.25(va) -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 422.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 439.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 451.2 R 1.143 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 +-.75(Wo)87 439.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 451.2 R 1.142 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 463.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 480 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 @@ -3209,121 +3216,121 @@ F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) 108 492 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.708 E F0 -(,)A .837(the def)108 504 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 -()3.337 E F0(,)A F1()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1 -()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 516 R .345 +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.707 E F0 +(,)A .836(the def)108 504 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +()3.336 E F0(,)A F1()3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 +()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 516 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 528 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 E -F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 528 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 E +F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -540 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F1(newline)2.506 E -F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 -F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 -(ter is in the v)108 552 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 -E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc) --.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not)3.17 F -F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 564 R 2.928 -(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +540 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 E +F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 +F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92(ter is in the v) +108 552 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E +F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92 +(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS) +3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429(along with an)108 564 R 2.928(ya) +-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 (whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G -.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 576 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G (he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E (ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927(Explicit null ar)108 592.8 R 1.927 (guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .484(implicit null ar)108 604.8 R .484 +6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 604.8 R .485 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 -(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .785 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.985(ov).15 -G .485(alues, are remo)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.985(d. If).15 F(a)2.985 -E 1.572(parameter with no v)108 616.8 R 1.572(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 -(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.571 -(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .723 +(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 +G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 +E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 616.8 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 +(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 (passed to a command as an empty string.)108 628.8 R .724 -(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .724(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.724(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 640.8 S .176 +(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F +.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 640.8 S .175 (pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 -/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F52.675 -E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 +/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F52.676 +E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 652.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 669.6 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 -686.4 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 698.4 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 +686.4 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 698.4 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 (If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 710.4 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 (cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 722.4 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) -2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F +2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(24)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .009 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .008 (are found, and the shell option)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008(If the)5.008 F F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 -.008(option is)2.508 F .442(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 96 -R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F1 -(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 +(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008(is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009 +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009(If the)5.009 F F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 +.009(option is)2.509 F .443(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 96 +R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F1 +(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F -F1(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 +F1(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 (enabled, the match is performed without re)108 120 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 -(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 132 R .378 +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 +(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 132 R .377 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .578(matched e)108 144 R(xplicitly)-.15 E -3.078(,u)-.65 G .578(nless the shell option)-3.078 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E -F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .579 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.789(must al)108 +E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .579(matched e)108 144 R(xplicitly)-.15 E +3.079(,u)-.65 G .579(nless the shell option)-3.079 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E +F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .578 +(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.788(must al)108 156 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.788(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 6.788(.I) -.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F1 -.63(``)4.288 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.788(character is not treated specially) -6.788 F 6.788(.S)-.65 G 1.788(ee the)-6.788 F .165(description of)108 -168 R F1(shopt)2.665 E F0(belo)2.665 E 2.665(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.665 E/F2 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF .165(SHELL B)2.665 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0 .166(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.666 E -F0(,)A F1(null-)2.666 E(glob)108 180 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5 +6.788 F 6.789(.S)-.65 G 1.789(ee the)-6.789 F .166(description of)108 +168 R F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(belo)2.666 E 2.666(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.666 E/F2 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF .166(SHELL B)2.666 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0 .165(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.665 E +F0(,)A F1(null-)2.665 E(glob)108 180 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 196.8 Q -F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.786 E F0 .286(shell v)2.536 F .285 +F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.785 E F0 .285(shell v)2.535 F .285 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214lenames matching a)-.25 -F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.785 E F0 5.285(.I).24 G(f)-5.285 E -F2(GLO-)2.785 E(BIGNORE)108 208.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214\ -lename that also matches one of the patterns in)4.565 F F2(GLOBIGNORE) -4.816 E F0(is)4.566 E(remo)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G -1.415(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1 +F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.786 E F0 5.286(.I).24 G(f)-5.286 E +F2(GLO-)2.786 E(BIGNORE)108 208.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214\ +lename that also matches one of the patterns in)4.566 F F2(GLOBIGNORE) +4.816 E F0(is)4.565 E(remo)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G +1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1 (nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F -1.414(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 232.8 Q F0 .146 -(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F +1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 232.8 Q F0 .147 +(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 -(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 +F0(and)5.146 E F1 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 +(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 244.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .682(enabling the)108 256.8 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) +-.25 F .683(enabling the)108 256.8 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 268.8 Q -1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 268.8 Q +1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 -(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F0(The)108 280.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631 -(option is disabled when)3.131 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 -(is unset.)2.882 F .632(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 +-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 +(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F0(The)108 280.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632 +(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 +(is unset.)2.882 F .631(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 292.8 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 309.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 326.4 Q 3.138 (yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the spec\ @@ -3335,9 +3342,9 @@ ial pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) -.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 362.4 Q(.)-.65 E (The special pattern characters ha)108 379.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 396 Q F0 .376(Matches an) -180 396 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 -F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 396 Q F0 .377(Matches an) +180 396 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 +F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 (shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 408 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 (is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) -.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 @@ -3347,61 +3354,60 @@ F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 432 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G (djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C (ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 444 Q F0 (Matches an)180 444 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -([...])144 456 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 456 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 -(denotes a)180 468 R F3 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +([...])144 456 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 456 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 +(denotes a)180 468 R F3 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 -(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G -.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 480 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 -G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 -(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the) -6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 492 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F F1 -([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1 -(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 504 R .894 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) -180 516 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) +(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G +.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 480 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 +G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 +(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) +6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 492 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F1 +([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F1 +(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 504 R .895 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) +180 516 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) 2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 -F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 528 R .068 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F --.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 -(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 540 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 -.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 528 R .067 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 540 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F12.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 552 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F +180 552 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F (including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 564 Q -.4(Wi)180 -582 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F3 -.15(ch) -3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F3(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F3(class)3.071 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 594 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 +582 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F3 -.15 +(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F3(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F3(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) +180 594 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 (alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 606 R 8.173 (wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 618 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.289(Ac)180 630 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) --.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 --.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E +4.29(Ac)180 630 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 +G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1 +(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E (class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 642 Q -.4(Wi) -180 660 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F3 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F3(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ +180 660 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F3 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F3(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 672 R (the character)180 684 Q F3(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 702 S(thin).4 E F1 ([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F3(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F3(symbol) -2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 718.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 -730.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F3 +2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 718.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 +730.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F3 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(25)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 @@ -3423,11 +3429,11 @@ E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 204 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 216 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E -F1(Quote Remo)87 232.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113 -(After the preceding e)108 244.8 R 1.113 +F1(Quote Remo)87 232.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 +(After the preceding e)108 244.8 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 256.8 Q .3 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 256.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 273.6 Q F0 .545 (Before a command is e)108 285.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 @@ -3435,42 +3441,42 @@ F1(Quote Remo)87 232.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113 (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 (by the shell.)108 297.6 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 309.6 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ - the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 -(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 +-.25 F(dif)108 309.6 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ +the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 +(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 (used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 321.6 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 -333.6 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G -.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 345.6 Q 2.5 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 +333.6 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G +.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 345.6 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 362.4 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) +stead be preceded by a w)108 362.4 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) 108 374.4 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 386.4 S -.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F -F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 386.4 +S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 +F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 398.4 Q F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)108 -415.2 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ -ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108 +415.2 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ +ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 (ion operator is)108 427.2 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F (redirection operator is)108 439.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 456 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 -(jected to brace e)108 468 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 480 R -.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 456 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 +(jected to brace e)108 468 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 480 R +.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 492 S(rd,).1 E F1(bash) +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 492 S(rd,).1 E F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 508.8 Q -.15 (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 525.6 Q F1(>)2.5 @@ -3482,9 +3488,9 @@ Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F (output before the standard output w)108 588 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 -(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 604.8 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 604.8 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F (wing)-.25 E(table:)108 616.8 Q F1(/de)144 633.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 645.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 @@ -3500,21 +3506,21 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2 -(port)A F0(If)180 96 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(port)A F0(If)180 96 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 108 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 120 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 132 Q F2(host) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 144 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 160.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 177.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 177.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F (descriptors the shell uses internally)108 189.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 206.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) @@ -3525,43 +3531,43 @@ an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 177.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 247.2 Q([)144 264 Q F2 (n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 280.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .175 +-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 292.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 304.8 -R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F +108 292.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 304.8 +R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F -.15(ex)108 316.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 333.6 Q([)144 350.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 367.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 379.2 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 367.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 379.2 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 403.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -420 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +420 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 (Redirection of output in this f)108 432 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 444 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 444 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 -.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 +.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 456 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E (The general format for appending output is:)108 472.8 Q([)144 489.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 506.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 (This construct allo)108 518.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3572,13 +3578,13 @@ F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 506.4 Q A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 604.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 621.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 638.4 R F2(wor) +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 638.4 R F2(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 650.4 Q +-.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G +.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 650.4 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 667.2 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 (This construct allo)108 679.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3598,31 +3604,31 @@ F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 117.6 Q F1 (Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 134.4 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ -ontaining only)108 146.4 R F2(delimiter)108.35 158.4 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +ontaining only)108 146.4 R F2(delimiter)108.35 158.4 Q F0 .615 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 170.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E (The format of here-documents is:)108 187.2 Q([)144 204 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 216 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 228 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 228 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 244.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 -(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .225(is performed on)108 -256.8 R F2(wor)2.725 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.225(.I).77 G 2.726(fa)-5.225 G .526 --.15(ny c)-2.726 H .226(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.066 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.226(are quoted, the)3.496 F F2(delimiter)3.076 E F0 .226 -(is the result of quote remo)3.456 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.726(lo).25 G(n) --2.726 E F2(wor)108 268.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0 2.715(,a).77 G .215 -(nd the lines in the here-document are not e)-2.715 F 2.714(xpanded. If) --.15 F F2(wor)2.714 E(d)-.37 E F0 .214 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-docu-)2.714 F .499 -(ment are subjected to parameter e)108 280.8 R .499 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .5 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 +(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 +256.8 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 +-.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 +(is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 +(is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) +-2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 268.8 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 280.8 R 2.59 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 292.8 Q F1(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 (If the redirection operator is)108 309.6 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 321.6 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 @@ -3631,54 +3637,54 @@ E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 338.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5(Av)108 350.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) 144 367.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 384 Q F2 -(wor)2.893 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.893 E .393(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 -(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .394 -(ariable e)-.25 F .394(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.148 -(tution, arithmetic e)108 396 R 2.148(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +(wor)2.894 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.894 E .394(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 +(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .393 +(ariable e)-.25 F .393(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.147 +(tution, arithmetic e)108 396 R 2.147(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.648(l. P).25 F 2.148(athname e)-.15 F 2.148 -(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.147(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E -2.812(formed. The)108 408 R .313 -(result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.812 F .313 +(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.148(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E +2.813(formed. The)108 408 R .313 +(result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.813 F .312 (wline appended, to the command on its standard)-.25 F (input \(or \214le descriptor)108 420 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 436.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 448.8 Q([)144 465.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1 -(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 +(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 482.4 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -494.4 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 506.4 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F12.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 518.4 Q +494.4 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 506.4 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F12.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 518.4 Q (The operator)108 535.2 Q([)144 552 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .443 +-.37 E F0 .444 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 568.8 R -(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 580.8 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor) -4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 592.8 R F2(wor) -3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F12.754 E +(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 580.8 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) +4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 592.8 R F2(wor) +3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F12.754 E F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0 -.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E -.966(not e)108 604.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 -3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 +.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E +.965(not e)108 604.8 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 616.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 633.6 Q (ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 645.6 Q([) 144 662.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 679.2 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2 -(digit)3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 -3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 -.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 691.2 Q F2(digit)5 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2 +(digit)3.036 E F0 .536(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 +3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)-3.036 G .535 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 +.535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 691.2 Q F2(digit)5 E F0 (is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) 108 708 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 724.8 Q F2 (n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q @@ -3689,11 +3695,11 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(mo)108 84 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1 -(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 -.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1 +(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 +.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (Opening File Descriptors f)87 112.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3702,36 +3708,36 @@ A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 170.4 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 187.2 Q F1(Aliases)108 199.2 Q F0(allo)3.174 -E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 187.2 Q F1(Aliases)108 199.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 +E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 211.2 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 223.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 235.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 247.2 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 259.2 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 271.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 283.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 295.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 307.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 211.2 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 223.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 235.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 247.2 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 259.2 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 271.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 283.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 295.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 307.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 324 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 @@ -3746,78 +3752,78 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 324 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 381.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -398.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 +398.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 (one complete line of input before e)108 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 422.4 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 422.4 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 (another command does not tak)108 434.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 +1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 (alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 446.4 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 +458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 470.4 R .613 +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 470.4 R .612 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 482.4 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 +(av)108 482.4 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 -(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058 +(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 494.4 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 511.2 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 528 Q F0 3.467(As)108 540 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 528 Q F0 3.468(As)108 540 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 552 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 552 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 564 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 576 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 +(shell; no ne)108 576 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 600 R -F2(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 612 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 600 R +F2(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 612 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) -.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 628.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 640.8 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F2(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 652.8 S(IL) -.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.214(these e)108 640.8 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.714 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F2(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 652.8 S(IL) +.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 664.8 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 664.8 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 676.8 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 676.8 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 688.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 705.6 S .656 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 705.6 S .655 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v)108 717.6 Q +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 717.6 Q (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(29)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 @@ -3826,44 +3832,44 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 112.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 112.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 124.8 R 1.011 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 124.8 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 136.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 136.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) 108 148.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 165.6 R F1 3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. The)108 177.6 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.326(\214le and line number)108 189.6 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G -(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 201.6 R -1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.798 E -F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F .16 -(deleted using the)108 213.6 R F12.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 -F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 -(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161(ariables with the same name) --.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en) -108 225.6 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G -3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 237.6 Q -(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .371 +.327(\214le and line number)108 189.6 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 201.6 R +1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.797 E +F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 +(deleted using the)108 213.6 R F12.661 E F0 .161(option to the) +2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 +(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 +F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 +225.6 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 +(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 237.6 Q +(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372 (Functions may be recursi)108 254.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) -5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 @@ -3871,176 +3877,177 @@ F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 278.4 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -295.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 +295.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 (The shell allo)108 307.2 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.798 E F0 -(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 319.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206 -(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .206(Arithmetic Expansion)2.706 F F0 2.705 -(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .205(ed-width inte)-.15 -F .205(gers with no)-.15 F .428(check for o)108 331.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -(r\215o).15 E 1.728 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .428(hough di).65 F .428 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.429(.T)-.55 G -.429(he operators and their prece-)-5.429 F 1.92(dence, associati)108 -343.2 R(vity)-.25 E 4.42(,a)-.65 G 1.92(nd v)-4.42 F 1.92 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.919(The follo)6.919 F -1.919(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 355.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 372 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25 -(va)144 384 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 -396 Q F3(id)A F12.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 408 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 420 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)144 420 Q F1 2.5(!~)108 432 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 432 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 -444 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 444 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 456 S F0 -(multiplication, di)144 456 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 -468 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 468 Q F1(<< >>)108 480 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 480 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 492 Q F0 -(comparison)144 504 Q F1(== !=)108 516 Q F0(equality and inequality)144 -516 Q F1(&)108 528 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 528 Q F1(^)108 540 Q F0 -(bitwise e)144 540 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 -552 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 552 Q F1(&&)108 564 Q F0(logical AND)144 564 Q -F1(||)108 576 Q F0(logical OR)144 576 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 588 S(pr).2 E F1 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 +(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 319.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183 +(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) +2.683 F F1 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 +(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 331.2 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F +1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 343.2 R(vity)-.25 E +3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F +(lo)108 355.2 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) +5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F +(of decreasing precedence.)108 367.2 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 +384 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25(va)144 396 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 408 Q F3(id)A +F12.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 420 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 432 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)144 432 Q F1 2.5(!~)108 444 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 444 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 +456 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 456 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 468 S F0 +(multiplication, di)144 468 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 +480 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 480 Q F1(<< >>)108 492 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 492 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 504 Q F0 +(comparison)144 516 Q F1(== !=)108 528 Q F0(equality and inequality)144 +528 Q F1(&)108 540 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 540 Q F1(^)108 552 Q F0 +(bitwise e)144 552 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 +564 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 564 Q F1(&&)108 576 Q F0(logical AND)144 576 Q +F1(||)108 588 Q F0(logical OR)144 588 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 600 S(pr).2 E F1 (?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 600 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 612 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 +(conditional operator)144 612 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 624 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 (=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) --2.5 E F0(assignment)144 624 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 636 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E -F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 648 Q .68(Shell v)108 664.8 R .68 +-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 636 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 648 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E +F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 660 Q .68(Shell v)108 676.8 R .68 (ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 676.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 688.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 688.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 700.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G 1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) -.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 -(using the parameter e)108 700.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 712.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 (The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 712.8 R 1.389 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 724.8 R 1.389 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 E F3(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 -F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 -(assigned a v)108 724.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 -(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G -.332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 -H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(30) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP +F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(30)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(to be used in an e)108 84 Q(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 -(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 100.8 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .333(assigned a v) +108 84 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G .332(hell v) +-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E +/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) +2.832 E .332(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 96 Q(xpression.) +-.15 E 1.406 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 112.8 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) --.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 112.8 R 2.613(et)-.1 G .113 -(he form [)-2.613 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(base#)A F0 .112 -(]n, where the optional)B F1(base)2.612 E F0 .112 -(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 124.8 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533 +-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 124.8 R 2.613(et)-.1 G .113 +(he form [)-2.613 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) +2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 136.8 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533 (is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F1(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108 -136.8 R F1(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 +148.8 R F1(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 (he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512 (wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942 -(@, and _, in that order)108 148.8 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F1(base) +(@, and _, in that order)108 160.8 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F1(base) 3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F -(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 160.8 Q -.235(Operators are e)108 177.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 172.8 Q +.235(Operators are e)108 189.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 189.6 S +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 201.6 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 206.4 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 -(Conditional e)108 218.4 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 218.4 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 +(Conditional e)108 230.4 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F3 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F3 (test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F3([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256 -(iltin commands to test).2 F .77(\214le attrib)108 230.4 R .77 +(iltin commands to test).2 F .77(\214le attrib)108 242.4 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.04 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 242.4 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E F1 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 254.4 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E F1 (\214le)3.54 E F0(ar)3.54 E 1.041 (gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.541 E (v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.541(,t)C 1.041(hen \214le)-3.541 F(descriptor)108 -254.4 Q F1(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the) +266.4 Q F1(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the) 3.789 E F1(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 (gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.788 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.788(,o)C(r)-3.788 E F1 -(/de)108 266.4 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +(/de)108 278.4 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 283.2 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 295.2 -Q 1.096(When used with)108 313.2 R F3([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 +108 295.2 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 307.2 +Q 1.096(When used with)108 325.2 R F3([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E F3(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F3(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 E F3(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -325.2 Q F3108 349.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 349.2 S +337.2 Q F3108 361.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 361.2 S (ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3108 -361.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 361.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F3108 373.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 373.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F3108 +385.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 385.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F3 -108 385.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 385.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +108 397.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 397.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F3 -108 397.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 397.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3108 409.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 409.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F3108 421.2 -Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 421.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F3108 433.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 433.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3108 445.2 Q F1 +108 409.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 409.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3108 421.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 421.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F3108 433.2 +Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 433.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F3108 445.2 Q F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 445.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3108 457.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 457.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G -(it is set.)-2.5 E F3108 457.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -457.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F3108 469.2 Q F1(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 469.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is readable.).15 E F3108 481.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 481.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F3108 493.2 Q F1(fd) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 493.2 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F1(fd)4.47 E -F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F3108 505.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 505.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(it is set.)-2.5 E F3108 469.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +469.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F3108 481.2 Q F1(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 481.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and is readable.).15 E F3108 493.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 493.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F3108 505.2 Q F1(fd) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 505.2 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F1(fd)4.47 E +F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F3108 517.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 517.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F3108 -517.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 517.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F3108 529.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 529.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +529.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 529.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F3108 541.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 541.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F3108 -541.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 541.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +553.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 553.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 -E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F3108 553.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 553.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3108 565.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F3108 565.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 565.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3108 577.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 577.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F3 -108 577.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 577.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +108 589.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 589.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F3108 589.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 589.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F1(\214le1)108 601.2 Q F3 -(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 613.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F3108 601.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 601.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F1(\214le1)108 613.2 Q F3 +(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 625.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 (\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F1(\214le1)108 625.2 Q F02.5 E F3 -(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 637.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F1(\214le1)108 637.2 Q F02.5 E F3 +(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 649.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F1 (\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 -(\214le1)108 649.2 Q F02.5 E F3(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -661.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F1(\214le2) +(\214le1)108 661.2 Q F02.5 E F3(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +673.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F1(\214le2) 2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3108 673.2 Q -F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 685.2 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 +G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3108 685.2 Q +F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 697.2 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F1(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F3 -2.763 E F0(option to the)144 697.2 Q F3(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +2.763 E F0(option to the)144 709.2 Q F3(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) 141.79 E(31)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 @@ -4885,2846 +4892,2833 @@ F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F (ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 225.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(color)108 237.6 Q(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E -(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to)144 249.6 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 -3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, readline displays the common p\ -re\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.935(completions using a dif) -144 261.6 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936 -(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 273.6 Q F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 285.6 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.58(If set to)144 297.6 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579 -(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F 1.579 -(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 309.6 R -(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)-.25 -E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(comment\255begin \(`)108 321.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884 -(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 333.6 R F1 -(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 345.6 Q F1 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 237.6 Q(en \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 249.6 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +(eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 +(he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 261.6 Q F1(color)108 273.6 Q +(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) +144 285.6 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ +eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F +2.936(completions using a dif)144 297.6 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F +7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 309.6 Q +F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 321.6 Q +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 333.6 R F1(On)4.079 E +F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) +-4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 +(type. The)144 345.6 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v) +-.1 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 357.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 369.6 R +F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 381.6 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 357.6 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 369.6 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(-1\))108 +393.6 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible \ +matches when performing completion.)144 405.6 R .194(The v)144 417.6 R +.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ +screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 429.6 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 441.6 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 453.6 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ -insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr) -108 381.6 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ - in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\ - that is displayed)144 393.6 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 405.6 R -1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 417.6 S(lue are replaced with a\ -n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 429.6 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 441.6 R .529 +insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 465.6 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 +477.6 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) +2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F +.093(yphens \()-.05 F F2A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 +F(\()144 489.6 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) +-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 +H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 501.6 Q +(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ +ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ +splayed)144 513.6 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 525.6 R 1.274 +(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 537.6 S(lue are rep\ +laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 549.6 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 561.6 R .529 (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 453.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +144 573.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 465.6 R +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 585.6 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 477.6 S .237 +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 597.6 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 489.6 Q F1(con)108 -501.6 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 513.6 +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 609.6 Q F1(con)108 +621.6 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 633.6 R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 525.6 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 -F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 537.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(disable\255completion \(Off\)) -108 549.6 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 561.6 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C -.038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 +144 645.6 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 +F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 657.6 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 +(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) +-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 669.6 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 681.6 R +F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 573.6 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 585.6 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 597.6 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 -F .441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 -(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 609.6 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 621.6 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 -1.211(When set to)144 633.6 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no) --3.711 G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 -G 1.21(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 645.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 -G(board.).15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 657.6 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 -E F0 1.221(When set to)144 669.6 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 -(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 -(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 681.6 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single str\ -ing of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 -(it had been read from the k)144 693.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043 -(board. This).15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 -(nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(39)190.95 E 0 -Cg EP +144 693.6 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 705.6 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 +1.21(When set to)144 717.6 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 729.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 +G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(39)190.95 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(enable\255k)108 84 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893(When set to)144 96 R -F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .142 +(Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(Emacs)2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) +5.141 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 +(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(enable\255brack)108 120 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 +E F0 1.221(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 +(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 +(paste into the editing b)144 144 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 +(it had been read from the k)144 156 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 +(nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) +144 168 Q F1(enable\255k)108 180 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +(When set to)144 192 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 108 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 120 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 204 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 216 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 228 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 144 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 240 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144 168 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 252 Q F0(If set to)144 264 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 180 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 192 R F1(On) +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 276 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 288 R F1(On) 3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 204 Q -.15 +the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 300 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 216 Q F0 .948 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +(history\255size \(unset\))108 312 Q F0 .948 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 324 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 (If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 240 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 336 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 (ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) -2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 252 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, the number of history entries is not limited.)-.1 E F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 264 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 276 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 348 R .277(By def)5.277 F +.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 360 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 +F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 +(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 372 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 384 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 +(When set to)144 396 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 288 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 300 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 312 -Q F0 .227(If set to)144 324 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \ -will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ -rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 336 R -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F -(synon)144 348 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 360 Q -(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\ -The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\ -thout subsequently e)144 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 -(ing the character as a command.)144 384 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 -(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.434 E F0 -(and)144 396 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.) -2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 408 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02 -(Set the current readline k)144 420 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F -2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 -(map names is).15 F F2 2.021(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E -.069(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 432 R F0 2.568 -(,a)C(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 -.068(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 444 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C + ne)144 408 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 420 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 432 +Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ +e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ +it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 456 R -.05(ga) +-.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F +.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) +144 468 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 +(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 +(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 480 Q F1 +(isear)108 492 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ +ental search without subsequently e)144 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.934(ing the character as a command.)144 516 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 528 Q F2 +(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) +108 540 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +552 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 564 R F0 2.568(,a)C +(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 +(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 576 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 456 Q(fects the def)-.25 +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 588 Q(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 468 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ +(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 600 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ ed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs ed\ -iting)144 480 R .292(mode is acti)144 492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.292(.T).15 -G .292(he v)-5.292 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 +iting)144 612 R .293(mode is acti)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.293(.T).15 +G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 (eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 504 -Q .602(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 -(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .601 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 636 +Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 +(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 (gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ -n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 516 R -(the mode string.)144 528 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 540 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) -.1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 552 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G +n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 648 R +(the mode string.)144 660 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 672 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) +.1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 684 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G (adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 564 R +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 696 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) --.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 576 R .62 +-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) +-.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 708 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 588 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 720 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 -(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 -(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 600 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) -.37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 -F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 612 R(alue,)-.25 -E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.552 E(to decide which k)144 624 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 636 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 648 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C -(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 660 Q F0(If set to)144 -672 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) --.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 684 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 696 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 -2.675(,c)C .175 -(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 708 -Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(40)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 +(alue of)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(40)190.95 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 84 Q F0 .192(This v)144 96 R -.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 108 R .456 -(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 120 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 132 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 144 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .05 +(1000 means that)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +.37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 +F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 96 R(alue,)-.25 E +F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 +(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)108 120 Q +(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 132 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) +.15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 144 Q F0(If set to)144 +156 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2 +(*)A F0(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 168 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 180 R F2(On)2.675 E F0 +2.675(,c)C .175 +(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 192 +Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F2 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 204 Q F0 .193(This v)144 216 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 228 R .456 +(If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 240 Q F2 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 252 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 264 R F2(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 156 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 168 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 276 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 +.506(If set to)144 300 R F2(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 192 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 204 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 216 R F1(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 312 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .884 +(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 324 Q F2 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 336 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 348 R F2(On) +3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F1(mor) +3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 228 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 240 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ +(tions at a time.)144 360 Q F2 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 372 Q F0 1.319 +(If set to)144 384 R F2(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 -F(order)144 264 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 276 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .698(If set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +F(order)144 396 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 408 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .698(If set to)144 420 R F2(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 300 S +-3.198 F F2(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 432 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 312 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 324 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 336 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 444 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F2(sho)108 456 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .303(This alters the def)144 468 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On) 2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 348 R(bell.)144 360 Q F1 -(sho)108 372 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 384 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 480 R(bell.)144 492 Q F2 +(sho)108 504 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 516 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 396 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +-.1 F F2(sho)144 528 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F2(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 408 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 540 R 3.539 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 420 Q F1 -(sho)108 432 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.019 -(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 552 Q F2 +(sho)108 564 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.019 +(If set to)144 576 R F2(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 (dd a character to the be)-3.519 F 1.018 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F -(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 456 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 468 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 480 R -F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 588 Q F2 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 600 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 612 R +F2(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 (ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 492 Q +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 624 Q 2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 (hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 504 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 516 Q -(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 528 Q F0 1.198(This string\ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 636 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 648 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F2 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 660 Q F0 1.198(This string\ is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 540 R .521(mode is acti)144 552 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 +en vi editing)144 672 R .521(mode is acti)144 684 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .822 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .522 (inding, so the standard).15 F .87(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 -564 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G +696 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be) -144 576 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ +144 708 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 588 Q F1 -(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 600 Q F0 1.198(This string\ - is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 612 R .782(mode is acti)144 624 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 -H .783(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .783(The v)5.783 F .783(alue is e) --.25 F .783(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.283(eak)-.1 G 1.083 -.15(ey b)-3.383 H -.783(inding, so the standard).15 F .87 -(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 636 R .869 -(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369 -(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be)144 -648 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ -be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 660 Q F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 672 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 684 R F1(On) -3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 -(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 -(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(41)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(41)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 84 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 96 R .05(acility similar in spirit to the \ -conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 108 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +SF(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 84 Q F0 1.198(This strin\ +g is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt w\ +hen vi editing)144 96 R .782(mode is acti)144 108 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 +H .783(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .783(The v)5.783 F .783(alue is e) +-.25 F .783(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.283(eak)-.1 G 1.083 -.15(ey b)-3.383 H +.783(inding, so the standard).15 F .87 +(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 120 R .869 +(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369 +(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be)144 +132 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ +be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 144 Q F1 +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 168 R F1(On) +3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 +(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B +(when listing possible completions.)144 180 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 196.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 208.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 220.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(su) -.15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 136.8 Q F0(The)144 136.8 Q F1($if)2.962 E -F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on the\ - editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 -(or the application using readline.)144 148.8 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 249.6 Q F0(The)144 249.6 Q F1($if)2.962 +E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 +(or the application using readline.)144 261.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 160.8 Q F1(mode)144 177.6 Q F0(The)180 -177.6 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 +(are required to isolate it.)144 273.6 Q F1(mode)144 290.4 Q F0(The)180 +290.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. This)180 189.6 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +(mode. This)180 302.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) -3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 201.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 -E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F -(out in emacs mode.)180 213.6 Q F1(term)144 230.4 Q F0(The)180 230.4 Q -F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 314.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E +(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 +(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 326.4 +Q F1(term)144 343.2 Q F0(The)180 343.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 242.4 R +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 355.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 254.4 Q F1(=)3.232 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 367.2 Q F1(=)3.232 E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -266.4 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +379.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 283.2 Q F0(The)180 -295.2 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 396 Q F0(The)180 408 +Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -307.2 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +420 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -319.2 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +432 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 331.2 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(ci\214c program.)180 444 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 343.2 -Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 367.2 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 379.2 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) --.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 391.2 Q F1($endif)180 -403.2 Q($endif)108 420 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 420 Q +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 456 Q +(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 480 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 492 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 +E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 504 Q F1($endif)180 516 Q +($endif)108 532.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 532.8 Q (vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1($else)108 436.8 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 436.8 Q +2.5 E F1($else)108 549.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 549.6 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 453.6 Q F0 -.356(This directi)144 465.6 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 566.4 Q F0 +.356(This directi)144 578.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 477.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 590.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 501.6 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 518.4 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 530.4 R .835 +($include)144 614.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 631.2 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 643.2 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 542.4 Q +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 655.2 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 559.2 R .697 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 672 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 571.2 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 684 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 583.2 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G -.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 595.2 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) -2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 -(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 607.2 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 -(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 619.2 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 -(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 631.2 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) -108 648 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type Con\ -trol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 660 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 672 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -.174 -(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 684 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 696 Q -.653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 712.8 R -.653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) --3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 724.8 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G -(earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(42)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP +(incremental search requires only as man)108 696 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 +(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 +(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) +108 708 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F 2.315 +(If that v)108 720 R 2.315(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F +2.315(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(42)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .567(Non-incremen\ -tal searches read the entire search string before starting to search fo\ -r matching history lines.)108 84 R(The search string may be typed by th\ -e user or be part of the contents of the current line.)108 96 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 112.8 Q F0 1.391(The follo) -108 124.8 R 1.391 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.34 +(incremental search.)108 84 R 1.34(Control-G will abort an incremental \ +search and restore the original line.)6.34 F 1.34(When the)6.34 F(searc\ +h is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes\ + the current line.)108 96 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 112.8 T 1.339(nd othe\ +r matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R as \ +appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 124.8 R +.675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 136.8 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .174 +(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 148.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.041 E(wline) +-.15 E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e) +3.041 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F +(history list.)108 160.8 Q .653 +(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 177.6 R .653 +(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 +F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 189.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) +-2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 206.4 R(The searc\ +h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ +rent line.)108 218.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 +235.2 Q F0 1.391(The follo)108 247.2 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 136.8 R .122 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 259.2 R .122 (names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 148.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.41 E F0 .91 -(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E F0 -.911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db).15 G -3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 160.8 Q F0 2.5 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 271.2 Q F1(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F1(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F2(set\255mark)108 283.2 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 177.6 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 189.6 Q F0(Mo)144 201.6 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 213.6 Q F0(Mo)144 225.6 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 -237.6 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 249.6 Q .3 -.15(ve f) --.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 261.6 Q F0(Mo)144 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b) --.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 285.6 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 297.6 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) --.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 309.6 Q F1(backward\255w)108 321.6 Q -(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 333.6 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 300 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E +(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 312 Q F0(Mo)144 324 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 336 Q F0(Mo)144 348 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 360 S +(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 372 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 +384 Q F0(Mo)144 396 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E +F2 -.25(fo)108 408 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 420 +Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 +(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 432 Q F2(backward\255w)108 444 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 456 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 345.6 Q F1(shell\255f)108 357.6 -Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 369.6 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 -(ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) --.8 F(ters.)144 381.6 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 393.6 Q(ord)-.1 E -F0(Mo)144 405.6 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 -(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 -(ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F -(metacharacters.)144 417.6 Q F1(clear\255scr)108 429.6 Q(een \(C\255l\)) --.18 E F0 .993(Clear the screen lea)144 441.6 R .993 +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 468 Q F2(shell\255f)108 480 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 492 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) +-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F +(ters.)144 504 Q F2(shell\255backward\255w)108 516 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 +528 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 540 Q +F2(clear\255scr)108 552 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 564 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 453.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -465.6 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 -(Refresh the current line.)144 477.6 Q F1(Commands f)87 494.4 Q -(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -506.4 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 518.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.158(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 -(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159 -(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699(according to the state of the) -144 530.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) -2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 -(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 542.4 Q F1(pr)108 -554.4 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 566.4 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 578.4 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 590.4 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 -E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 602.4 Q F0(Mo)144 614.4 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 626.4 Q F0(Mo)144 638.4 Q -.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 650.4 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.47(Search backw)144 662.4 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 -(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 674.4 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 686.4 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 698.4 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(43)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 576 Q F2 -.18(re)108 588 +S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 +600 Q F2(Commands f)87 616.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 628.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 +(Accept the line re)144 640.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 +(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) +5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 +(according to the state of the)144 652.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F +.699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 664.8 Q F2(pr)108 +676.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 688.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F2(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 700.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 712.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 February 8)141.79 E(43)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(non\255incr)108 84 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) -144 96 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line usin\ -g a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 108 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 120 Q -(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 132 R 1.354(ard through the history using a \ -non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 144 Q -(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 156 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 168 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 180 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 192 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) -144 204 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters bet\ -ween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 216 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 228 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 240 +SF(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 84 Q F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E +F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 +G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 +132 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 +(Search backw)144 144 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +(This is an incremental search.)144 156 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 168 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 180 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 +F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 +F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 192 Q F1(non\255incr)108 +204 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E +(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)144 216 R .164(ar\ +d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ +tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 228 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E +(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 240 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) +-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 252 R +1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ +ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 264 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 +276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 288 R .249(a\ +rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ +f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 300 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 312 Q +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 324 R .951(ard through \ +the history for the string of characters between the start of the curre\ +nt)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 336 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 348 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 360 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 252 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 372 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 264 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 384 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 (ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 276 R .282(vious command.) +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 396 R .282(vious command.) -.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 (is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 288 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 300 Q +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 408 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 420 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 312 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 432 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 (vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 324 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 444 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) -.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 336 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 456 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 348 R(An)6.396 E +1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 468 R(An)6.396 E 3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 (gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 360 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 +.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 480 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 372 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 492 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -384 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 396 Q F0 .622 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 408 R .622 +504 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 516 Q F0 .622 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 528 R .622 (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 420 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 540 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 432 Q F0 .939 -(Perform history e)144 444 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 552 Q F0 .939 +(Perform history e)144 564 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 456 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 468 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 480 R 1.626 +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 576 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 588 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 600 R 1.626 (xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 (HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 492 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 504 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 516 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(belo)144 612 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 624 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 636 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 528 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 540 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 552 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 564 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 576 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) --.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 588 Q F0 .947 -(Accept the current line for e)144 600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F -(history for editing.)144 612 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(ument is ignored.).18 E F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 624 Q F0(In)144 -636 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 -(ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 648 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL) --.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0 -(and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 664.8 Q(or Changing T) --.25 E(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 676.8 Q F1 -(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 688.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 -(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 700.8 R -.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 712.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(44)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 648 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 660 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 672 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 684 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 696 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 February 8)141.79 E(44)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 84 Q F0 .441 -(Delete the character at point.)144 96 R .442 +SF(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 84 Q F0 .947 +(Accept the current line for e)144 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F +(history for editing.)144 108 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(ument is ignored.).18 E F1 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 120 Q F0(In)144 +132 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 +(attempts to in)144 144 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR) +-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0 +(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 +E F1(Commands f)87 160.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4 +(end\255of\255\214le)108 172.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 184.8 R .799 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 +(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 196.8 R +.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +(as the end of input and returns)144 208.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 220.8 Q F0 .441 +(Delete the character at point.)144 232.8 R .442 (If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 -E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +-2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 120 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 132 R 5.553 -(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 +108 256.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 268.8 R +5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 (umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 144 Q F1 -.25 -(fo)108 156 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 168 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 280.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 292.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 304.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 180 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 192 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 -204 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) --.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C -(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 216 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) -108 228 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 252 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 264 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 276 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 288 R .321 -(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 -(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 300 -R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 312 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 --.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 324 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -336 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 316.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 328.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +340.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 352.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 364.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 376.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 388.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 400.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 412.8 Q F0 .321 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 424.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 +436.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 448.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E +.3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 460.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +472.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) -2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 348 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 360 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 372 -R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E -(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 396 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 408 Q 1.647 +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 484.8 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 496.8 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 +508.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 520.8 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 532.8 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 544.8 Q 1.647 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 432 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 444 -R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 456 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 468 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 480 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 556.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 568.8 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 +580.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 592.8 S(rd, b) +.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 +604.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 616.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 492 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +(Wi)144 628.8 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 (gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 504 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 640.8 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) 4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 516 R -.15(ove)3.969 G -1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 528 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) +4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969 +(mode. In)144 652.8 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469 +(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 +1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957 +(pushing the te)144 664.8 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 (Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 540 Q -(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -556.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 568.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 580.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 592.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 604.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 616.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 628.8 -Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E -(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 640.8 Q F0 -(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -652.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 676.8 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 688.8 S -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 700.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 712.8 Q(ord behind point.) --.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(45)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 676.8 +Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +693.6 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 705.6 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 717.6 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(45)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S +SF(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 84 Q F0(Kill backw)144 +96 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 108 Q F0(Kill backw)144 120 Q +(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E +(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 132 Q F0 +(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 +144 Q F1(kill\255w)108 156 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 168 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 180 S +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 192 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 204 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 +E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 216 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 228 R +.729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 240 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 132 R 3.025 +108 252 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 264 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 156 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 168 R .364 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 276 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 288 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 300 R .364 (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -180 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 192 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 -204 R .166 +312 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 324 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 +336 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 216 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 348 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 228 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 240 Q F1(kill\255r)108 252 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 264 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 276 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 288 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 360 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 372 Q F1(kill\255r)108 384 +Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 396 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E +(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 408 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) +144 420 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +(copy\255backward\255w)108 432 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 444 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 324 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 336 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 348 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 456 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 468 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 480 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) -.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 --.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 372 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 384 S +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 492 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 504 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 516 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 396 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 528 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 540 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 424.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 436.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 556.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 568.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 448.8 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 580.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 472.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 484.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 592.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 604.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 616.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -496.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -508.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +628.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +640.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 520.8 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 652.8 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 532.8 R 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 664.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 544.8 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 676.8 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 556.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 688.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 573.6 Q(complete \(T)108 585.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 597.6 R 1.137 -(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 609.6 Q .532(xt as a v) --.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F -.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 621.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 -(If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 633.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 645.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 669.6 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 681.6 R .783 -(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -693.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 705.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -717.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 -F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 729.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(46)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +87 705.6 Q F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(46)190.95 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .829 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 84 R .828 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(complete \(T)108 84 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 96 R 1.137 +(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 108 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 120 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 +(If none of these pro-)5.701 F +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 132 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 144 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 156 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 168 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 180 R .783(xt before point that w) +-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by) +.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 192 Q F0(.)A F1 +(menu\255complete)108 204 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 216 R F1(complete) +3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929 +(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193 +(possible completions.)144 228 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 240 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F -.727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2 -(n)3.228 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 108 R 1.73 -(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 --.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 --.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 120 Q -(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 -2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(menu\255complete\255backward)108 132 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 144 R F1 -(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 252 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 +(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 +(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E +F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 264 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 +(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 +E(through the list.)144 276 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 +E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 288 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 +300 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 156 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) +(menu\255complete)144 312 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) .15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 168 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 180 R .234 +(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 324 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 336 R .234 (ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 348 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -204 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 216 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 228 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q +360 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 372 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 384 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 396 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 408 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 264 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q +(complete\255user)108 420 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 432 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 288 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q +108 444 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 456 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -312 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q +468 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 480 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 336 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q +(possible\255v)108 492 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 504 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 360 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 516 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 528 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 384 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 396 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 540 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 552 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 420 R .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 564 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 576 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 588 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 600 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 456 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 612 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 624 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 636 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 648 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1(dab)108 516 Q(br)-.1 E +(for possible completion matches.)144 660 Q F1(dab)108 672 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 528 R .611 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 684 R .611 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 552 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ -me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 564 R(the list is a)144 576 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 592.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 616.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E -(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 628.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 640.8 Q -(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 676.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 700.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F2(inputr)2.5 -E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 -E(47)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(47)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S.18 E +SF(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 84 Q F0 .4(Perform \214len\ +ame completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed wit\ +hin braces so)144 96 R(the list is a)144 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 124.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q +(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 232.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 +(Miscellaneous)87 249.6 Q -.18(re)108 261.6 S.18 E (ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) --.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R +(Read in the contents of the)144 273.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 +(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +285.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 297.6 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 309.6 R 5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 168 Q(case\255v) --.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 -E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.256 E F0 1.755 -(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 +(bell\255style)144 321.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 333.6 Q +(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 345.6 R F2(x) +4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F -(uppercase character)144 192 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 204 Q -(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q +(uppercase character)144 357.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 369.6 Q +(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 381.6 Q (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F -3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E +(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 393.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 405.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 417.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 429.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 +F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q +(return the line to its initial state.)144 441.6 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 453.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 465.6 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 312 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 477.6 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 489.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 -348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 501.6 Q F0(Sw) +144 513.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) -144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 384 S -.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) -.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 +144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 537.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 +549.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 420 S 1.044 +144 561.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 573.6 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 585.6 S 1.044 (haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 444 Q F0 1.826 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 456 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 468 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 597.6 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 609.6 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 621.6 R 2.126 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 633.6 R +.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) --.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ -y characters into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) --.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 504 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 645.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G +2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15 +(ve n)-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F +(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ +ing stray characters into the editing b)144 657.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E +5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 669.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) --.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 --.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .245 +681.6 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 693.6 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48 +(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .481 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 705.6 Q .245 (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 -(the characters at the be)144 552 R .321 +(the characters at the be)144 717.6 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1 +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F1 (comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 576 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .84 -(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 600 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 624 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 636 -R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ -le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 660 R .176 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 -(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 -(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 -(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 684 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 696 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 708 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F -.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 -(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G -.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 -(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(48)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) +141.79 E(48)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 84 R 1.468 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin) +144 96 Q F0 .84(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 108 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 120 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 132 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 144 +R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ +le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 156 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) +-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 168 R .176 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 +(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 180 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 +(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) +144 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 204 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 216 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 +(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F +.872(the line is redra)144 228 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 +(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 +(ex)144 240 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 252 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 264 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) 5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 276 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R 1.799 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 288 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 300 R 1.799 (ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 156 R .304 +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 312 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 324 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 336 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 348 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 204 Q +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 360 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q +(\214le.)144 372 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 384 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 396 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 -268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 412.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +424.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +F2(compspec)108 436.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 (as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 448.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 465.6 R .497 (If the command w)5.497 F .498 (ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 -321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +477.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) 2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) 5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 489.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 501.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F .822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 513.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 525.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 (If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0(option to) -108 381.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +108 537.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ - matching w)108 398.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 -(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 410.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) + matching w)108 554.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 566.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 427.2 R +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 583.2 R .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 439.2 R .595 +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 595.2 R .595 (When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 451.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 468 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G +(shell v)108 607.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 624 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 480 S +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 636 S .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 (ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 (shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 492 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 508.8 Q +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 648 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 664.8 Q .321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 (The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -520.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +676.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F .413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 532.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(using brace e)108 688.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 (xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 -544.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +700.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -556.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +712.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 (rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 568.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 585.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 597.6 R -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 -(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 609.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 -(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -621.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 -(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 633.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C -2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 645.6 R .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) --2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 657.6 -R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 669.6 R -.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ -tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 681.6 Q(An)108 698.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 -(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 710.4 Q F1 -(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 -722.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(49)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 724.8 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 February 8)141.79 E(49)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Ne)108 84 Q .08 -(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv) --2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .081 -(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 96 R .359(should pr\ -int a list of completions, one per line, to the standard output.)2.859 F -.358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 108 Q -(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 124.8 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 84 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF3.738 E F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376 +(options is in)108 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F +3.375(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +3.375(d, the).1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.875 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_KEY)108 108 Q +F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25(va)2.407 G .157 +(riables are assigned v).25 F .157(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 +5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 120 S .986(hell function is being in) +-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E +(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va) +3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 +(the function or command is in)108 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C +2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 144 R .264(gument \() +-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w)-2.764 F .263 +(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 156 R .628 +(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 168 R +.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) +108 180 Q(An)108 196.8 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 208.8 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 +(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 +220.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 +E(Ne)108 237.6 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) +-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 249.6 +R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ +d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 +261.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 278.4 R 2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 136.8 R +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 290.4 R .682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 (xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 148.8 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(the w)108 302.4 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G (iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 160.8 R +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 314.4 R (An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 172.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 326.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 184.8 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 338.4 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -201.6 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 +355.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 213.6 Q .246 -(If the pre)108 230.4 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 367.2 Q .246 +(If the pre)108 384 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) 2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F -F1(complete)108 242.4 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +F1(complete)108 396 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 259.2 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +(If the)108 412.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 271.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 424.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 288 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(By def)108 441.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 300 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 E -F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +.632(of possible completions.)108 453.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 312 R .558 -(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 -F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 324 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 465.6 R +.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 477.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 (e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 336 Q F0 1.207 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 489.6 Q F0 1.207 (option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 348 -Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E -.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ -d, the programmable completion func-)108 364.8 R .632(tions force readl\ -ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ -rectories, subject)108 376.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 388.8 R 2.762 +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 +501.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 518.4 R .632(tions force\ + readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ + to directories, subject)108 530.4 R 2.762(to the v)108 542.4 R 2.762 (alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 (readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 400.8 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 554.4 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -417.6 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 -(tion with a def)108 429.6 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F +571.2 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +(tion with a def)108 583.2 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 (ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ - by returning an e)108 441.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) + by returning an e)108 595.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) 5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\ -ed with the command on which completion is)108 453.6 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 465.6 R .666 +ed with the command on which completion is)108 607.2 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 619.2 R .666 (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 (cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 -477.6 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) +631.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) -.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F -.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 489.6 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 643.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 506.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +E -.15(Fo)108 660 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 518.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 672 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 535.2 Q({)108 547.2 Q 6 -(.")144 559.2 S +E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 688.8 Q({)108 700.8 Q 6 +(.")144 712.8 S (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -571.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -583.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 612 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.372(When the)108 624 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 -(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 636 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 -(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) -2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .43(mands to sa)108 648 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 -(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 -(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 -(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -660 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 672 S -4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 -(xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 -(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 684 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .082 -(On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 700.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 -E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -712.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 -(is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G -.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 724.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(50)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +724.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(50)190.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF +(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 84 Q/F2 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 112.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372 +(When the)108 124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .372(\255o history)2.872 F +F0 .372(option to the)2.872 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 +(the list of commands pre)108 136.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 +(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) +2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 +F .43(mands to sa)108 148.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 +(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 +(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 +(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 +160.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 172.8 +S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +(xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 +(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 +(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 184.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 .082 +(On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) +108 201.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +213.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +(is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G +.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 225.6 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F3(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 +.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 237.6 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 96 Q 1.604 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 249.6 Q 1.604 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098 -(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 108 R .098 +(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 261.6 R .098 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F -.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 120 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFORMA) -3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as) -3.559 G 1.059(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last) --.15 F F1($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 -(copied from the history list to)108 132 R F1($HISTFILE)2.659 E/F2 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .159(If the)4.659 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 +.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 273.6 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E +F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 +(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 +($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 +(copied from the history list to)108 285.6 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A +F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F3(shopt)108 -144 Q F0(under)2.581 E F1 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 +297.6 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.197(history \214le is o)108 156 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If).15 -F F1(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is unw\ -ritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 168 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G -.584(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark) -.25 F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 180 R +.197(history \214le is o)108 309.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) +.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ + unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 +(If the)108 321.6 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +G .584 +(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 +F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 333.6 R 3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 (ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 (This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 192 R -1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 345.6 +R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G 1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 204 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 -3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 216 Q +(truncated to contain no more than)108 357.6 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E +F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 369.6 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 232.8 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) -2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(The b)108 386.4 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +2.798 E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 (belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 244.8 R +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 398.4 R (The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 256.8 R .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 410.4 R .001 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 268.8 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 285.6 +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 422.4 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 439.2 R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 297.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 451.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G .457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) -.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3 -(cmdhist)108 309.6 Q F0 .75 +(cmdhist)108 463.2 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 321.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 475.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G 1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 333.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 487.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 345.6 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 -(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F +(description of the)108 499.2 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -357.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 374.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) --.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 -(The shell supports a history e)108 386.4 R .611 +511.2 Q F2(HIST)72 528 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) +-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 540 R .611 (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 (xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 398.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(describes what syntax features are a)108 552 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 (ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 410.4 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +2.014(can be disabled using the)108 564 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 (option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 422.4 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F -.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 439.2 R 1.305 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 576 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def) +-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 592.8 R 1.305 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 -(commands, insert the ar)108 451.2 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 +(commands, insert the ar)108 604.8 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 463.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -480 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \ -read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 492 S 3.2 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 616.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +633.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 645.6 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 504 R 1.868(second is to select porti\ -ons of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 516 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F5(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F5(modi\214er)108 528 Q -(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 +3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 657.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 +(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 669.6 R F4 +-.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor) +3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 681.6 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 (ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 (line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 540 R -.15(ve) --.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 +(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 693.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 (-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 552 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 +(one w)108 705.6 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 (pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 564 Q F3 -(!)3.511 E F0 .178(by def)3.511 F 2.678(ault. Only)-.1 F .178 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 717.6 Q +F3(!)3.511 E F0 .178(by def)3.511 F 2.678(ault. Only)-.1 F .178 (backslash \()2.678 F F3(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a).833 G .178 (nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .177 (xpansion character)-.15 F 2.677(,b)-.4 G .177(ut the his-)-2.877 F .67 -(tory e)108 576 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if i\ -t immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F -(double-quoted string.)108 588 Q(Se)108 604.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 -(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 -(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 616.8 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G -.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.163 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 628.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 645.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.61 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 657.6 R F3 -(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F3(shopt) -3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F3 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 669.6 R -5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 -(is reloaded into the)108 681.6 R F3 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 -1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) --.25 F(If)6.516 E F3 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 -(is being used, and the)4.016 F F3(histr)108 693.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 -1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F3 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 705.6 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F33.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F3(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 717.6 -S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F32.556 -E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F3(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G -.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 729.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(51)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(tory e)108 729.6 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if\ + it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(51)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.2 -(The shell allo)108 84 R 2.2(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2 -(arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 2.2 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 96 R/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B -1.146(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 108 Q F1 -(Ev)87 124.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 136.8 R -.15(ve) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(double-quoted string.)108 84 Q(Se)108 100.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 +(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 112.8 T +3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) +-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G +(he)-3.162 E F1(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F +F1(\()3.163 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 124.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 +141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1 +(shopt)2.61 E F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109 +(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109(vior of history e)-.2 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 153.6 R F1(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E +F0 1.143(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F1 +(shopt)3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and) +-.25 F F1 -.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, h\ +istory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 +165.6 R 5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F +1.515(is reloaded into the)108 177.6 R F1 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E +F0 1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.016 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.516(is being used, and the)4.016 F F1(histr)108 189.6 +Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 201.6 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F13.66 E F0 1.16 +(option to the)3.66 F F1(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 213.6 +S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F12.556 +E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F1(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G +.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 225.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 242.4 R 2.2 +(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 +254.4 R F1(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 266.4 Q F1 +(Ev)87 283.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 295.2 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 165.6 -Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 165.6 R 1.608 +108 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 324 Q +F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 324 R 1.608 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 (,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 177.6 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(\(when the)144 336 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)144 189.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 -201.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 201.6 Q F2(n) -2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 213.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 213.6 Q -(vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!) -108 225.6 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ -ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 225.6 R -F2(string)144 237.6 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 249.6 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A -F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positio\ -n in the history list containing)144 261.6 R F2(string)144 273.6 Q F0 5 -(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2 -(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.) --.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 290.6 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2 -(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .783(Quick substitution.)144 297.6 R .783 -(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1) -3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F2(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 -E -.25(va)-.25 G .784(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 309.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F2 -(string1)A F0(/)A F2(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 321.6 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)144 321.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 338.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 350.4 S 1.314 +(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 348 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)144 348 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 360 Q +F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 360 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.) +.24 E F1(!!)108 372 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 372 Q(vious command.)-.25 +E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 384 Q F2(string)A +F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position\ + in the history list starting with)144 384 R F2(string)144 396 Q F0(.) +.22 E F1(!?)108 408 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most r\ +ecent command preceding the current position in the history list contai\ +ning)144 420 R F2(string)144 432 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?) +2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E +(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^) +108 449 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .783 +(Quick substitution.)144 456 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784 +(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F2 +(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 468 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2 +(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 480 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)144 480 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 +(Wo)87 496.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 508.8 S 1.314 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 (separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 362.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +.529(from the w)108 520.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) -3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 374.4 R 1.301 +(are numbered from the be)108 532.8 R 1.301 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 (ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 386.4 Q -F1 2.5(0\()108 403.2 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 415.2 Q +(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 544.8 Q +F1 2.5(0\()108 561.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 573.6 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F2(n)108.36 427.2 Q F0(The)144 427.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E -F1(^)108 439.2 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 439.2 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 451.2 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 451.2 +F2(n)108.36 585.6 Q F0(The)144 585.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E +F1(^)108 597.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 597.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 609.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 609.6 R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 (gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 463.2 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E -F1(%)108 475.2 Q F0(The w)144 475.2 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) --.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 487.2 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 -2.5(Ar)144 487.2 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C -(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 499.2 Q F0 -.316(All of the w)144 499.2 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 +.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 621.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +F1(%)108 633.6 Q F0(The w)144 633.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) +-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 645.6 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 +2.5(Ar)144 645.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C +(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 657.6 Q F0 +.316(All of the w)144 657.6 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 ('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 -(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 511.2 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 669.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 -523.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 523.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<78ad>108 535.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 535.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 +681.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 681.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<78ad>108 693.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 693.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 (lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E -(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 552 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E -(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 568.8 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 580.8 R .183 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 -(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 592.8 Q F1(h)108 -609.6 Q F0(Remo)144 609.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H -(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 621.6 Q F0(Remo)144 621.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 633.6 Q F0(Remo)144 633.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E -(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 645.6 Q F0(Remo)144 645.6 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 -657.6 Q F0(Print the ne)144 657.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E -(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 669.6 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 669.6 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 681.6 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 681.6 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) -2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 693.6 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 705.6 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 -(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) -3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 717.6 R .617 -(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 -F .666(be quoted in)144 729.6 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) -3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 -(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 -(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(52) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 710.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e) +-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E +(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(52)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .274 -(single backslash will quote the &.)144 84 R(If)5.274 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last) -3.544 F F1(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G -2.775(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 96 Q F1(string)2.84 -E F0(in a)2.72 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!?)2.5 E F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 -(search.)5 E F2(&)108 108 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 108 Q -(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)108 120 Q F0 .398 -(Cause changes to be applied o)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G -.398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F .397 -(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F2(:s)A F0 2.897('\()C -(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 132 Q F2(:gs/)A F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F2(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F2(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218(used with `) -3.718 F F2(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Modi\214ers)87 84 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 96 R .183 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 108 Q F1(h)108 +124.8 Q F0(Remo)144 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) +108 136.8 Q F0(Remo)144 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) +108 148.8 Q F0(Remo)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +(\214x of the form)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C +(ea)-2.5 E(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 160.8 Q F0(Remo)144 160.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E +F1(p)108 172.8 Q F0(Print the ne)144 172.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 +E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 184.8 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 184.8 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 196.8 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 196.8 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 +2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) +2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 208.8 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E +F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 220.8 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) +3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 232.8 R .617 +(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) +5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 +F .666(be quoted in)144 244.8 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) +3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 +(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 +(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 256.8 R +(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 +F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 +(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 268.8 Q F2(string) +2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 +(&)108 280.8 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 280.8 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E +F1(g)108 292.8 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 292.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 +(nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A +F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 304.8 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 +(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 (elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 144 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F2(a)2.589 E F0 .089 -(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F2(g)144 156 Q F0(.)A -F2(G)108 168 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 168 Q(wing `)-.25 E F2(s)A F0 2.5 -('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 184.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 196.8 -R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F2108 208.8 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F22.534 E F0 -.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F2(:)2.534 E -F0(,)A F2(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F2(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F2(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 220.8 R F24.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E -6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F2(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F2(logout)4.049 E F0 -(,)A F2 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 -E F0(,)A F2(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F2(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) --4.049 E F2(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F -.261(process ar)108 232.8 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) --.15 F F22.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F22.761 E +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 316.8 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 328.8 Q F0 +(.)A F1(G)108 340.8 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 340.8 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s) +A F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 357.6 Q +(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 +(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 369.6 R .062(uiltin command documen\ +ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1108 +381.6 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F12.534 E F0 .034 +(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0 +(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 393.6 R F14.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E +6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F1(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(logout)4.049 E F0 +(,)A F1 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 +E F0(,)A F1(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) +-4.049 E F1(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F +.261(process ar)108 405.6 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) +-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26 (guments b)-.18 F .26(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 -(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 244.8 R 1.154 -(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F23.654 E F0 1.154 -(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F2 -3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt this interpretation.).15 E F2(:)108 274.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 286.8 R .452 +(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 417.6 R 1.154 +(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F13.654 E F0 1.154 +(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F1 +3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 447.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A +(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 459.6 R .452 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F1(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 298.8 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F2(.)110.5 315.6 Q F1(\214lename)6.666 E -F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 327.6 Q(ce)-.18 E -F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 339.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F1 +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F +2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 471.6 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 488.4 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E +F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 500.4 Q(ce)-.18 E +F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 512.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 -(status of the last command e)144 351.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 -(cuted from).15 F F1(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F1 +(status of the last command e)144 524.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 +(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2 (\214lename)5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F -.608(names in)144 363.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F1 +.608(names in)144 536.4 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 (\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 375.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.333 F F1 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 548.4 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 (he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 -(\214le is found in)144 387.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F2(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 -E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F2(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(\214le is found in)144 560.4 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 +E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -399.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F -(y)-.15 E F1(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F -2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F1 -(\214lename)144 411.6 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 +572.4 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F +2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 +(\214lename)144 584.4 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F24.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 423.6 Q F2(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) -3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F2(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F14.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F +(enabled,)144 596.4 Q F1(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) +3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 -(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F2(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 +(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 (trap string is sa)3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 -(restored around the call to)144 435.6 R F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F -F2(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 -(cutes. If).15 F F22.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 -(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 447.6 R F2(DEB)3.935 E +(restored around the call to)144 608.4 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 +2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F +F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 +(cutes. If).15 F F12.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 +(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 620.4 R F1(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F2(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 -(completes. The)144 459.6 R 1.262 +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 +(completes. The)144 632.4 R 1.262 (return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 -(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 471.6 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F1(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 488.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 500.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F25.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E -F1(name)144 512.4 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 644.4 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 661.2 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 673.2 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E +F2(name)144 685.2 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 524.4 Q F1(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. 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F)-.15 F .579 -(or each)-.15 F F1(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 548.4 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 560.4 Q F2(bg)108 577.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -589.2 R F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 601.2 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 -(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 613.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 625.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F2(bind)108 642 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 654 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 666 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 690 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 702 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 714 R F2 -.18(re) -2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 726 R F2 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. 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F)-.15 F .579 +(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 721.2 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 February 8)141.79 E(53)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(.inputr)144 84 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bg) +108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E +.744(Resume each suspended job)144 112.8 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 124.8 Q F0 .672 +(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +(when job control is disabled or)144 136.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 148.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F1(bind)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 189.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 237.6 R F1 -.18(re) +2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 249.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. 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Options,)144 273.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 +285.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 297.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 309.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 144 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F1(vi\255insert)4.113 -E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613 -(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F1(vi\255mo)A(ve) --.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 156 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F1 -(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2144 168 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 168 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F2144 180 Q F0(Display)180 180 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 -G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 192 Q -F0(List current)180 192 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2144 204 Q F0(Display)180 204 -Q F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G -1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 216 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 228 Q F0 -(Display)180 228 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) --.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G -(utput.)-2.5 E F2144 240 Q F0(Display)180 240 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G -(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(vi\255command)180 321.6 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F2(vi\255insert) +4.113 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G 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G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 +(ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) +-.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F1144 417.6 Q F0(Display)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18 +(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 252 Q F0(List current)180 252 Q F2 --.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F2144 264 Q F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 276 Q -.3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -144 288 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 300 Q -.15 -(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 -E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 312 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0 -(Unbind all k)180 324 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) --2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 336 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) --.2 E F0(Remo)180 348 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H -(urrent binding for).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F2144 -360 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) -180 372 Q F1(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G -(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-) -4.325 E(mand)180 384 Q F0 1.765(is e)4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 -(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE) -4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 --.18(re)180 396 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 -(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 429.6 Q F0(List current)180 429.6 Q +F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues.)-.25 E F1144 441.6 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 +453.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A +F1144 465.6 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 477.6 Q +-.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H +(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 489.6 Q F2(function) +2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 501.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G +(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 513.6 Q +F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 525.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 +-.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 +(.)A F1144 537.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 549.6 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 +1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 561.6 Q F0 1.765(is e) +4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 +(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 573.6 S(adline).18 E +F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 (riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 -408 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +585.6 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 420 Q/F4 9 +(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 597.6 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F2144 432 -Q F0 .829(List all k)180 432 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1144 +609.6 Q F0 .829(List all k)180 609.6 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) -.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 444 Q(The return v) -144 460.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 621.6 Q(The return v) +144 638.4 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F2(br)108 477.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .055 -(Exit from within a)144 489.6 R F2 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2 -(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F2(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2 -(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0 .055 -(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F1(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 -E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 501.6 Q F1(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ +E F1(br)108 655.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 667.2 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 +(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 679.2 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 (xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -513.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F2 -.2 -(bu)108 530.4 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 542.4 Q .793 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1 -(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 -(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -554.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -566.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 --.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 578.4 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 607.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F -2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 -(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F2(sour)144 619.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 -(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 -(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 631.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 -(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ -tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 643.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) -144 655.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 667.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 679.2 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -A F0(|[)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F2A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F1 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 708 R F1(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F1(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E -F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 720 R -3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035 -(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F1(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) -3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) -141.79 E(54)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +691.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(54)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .849 -(the search path for the directory containing)144 84 R/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)3.349 E F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85 -(ach directory name in)-3.35 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)3.35 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F1(dir)144 96 Q F0 5.665 -(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665(irectory names in).15 -F F2(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .665 -(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 108 Q F2(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F 4.162 -(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)A F0 --.74('')C 6.662(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F1(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CDP)144 120 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F32.691 E F0 -.191(option causes)2.691 F F3(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.2(bu)108 84 S(iltin).2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(shell\255b)2.5 E +(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 96 Q .793 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 +F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 +(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 108 +R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 120 R +.57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T) +-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 132 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2 +(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 160.8 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 +(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 172.8 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 +(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F +.253(subroutine call.)144 184.8 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ +tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ +ent e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 208.8 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 220.8 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 232.8 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 +(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 261.6 R F2(dir) +2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 +(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is) +-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 273.6 R 3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G +1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2 +(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E +.849(the search path for the directory containing)144 285.6 R F2(dir) +3.349 E F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.35 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F2(dir)144 297.6 +Q F0 5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 309.6 Q F3(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F +4.162(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662 +(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 321.6 Q -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F12.691 E F0 +.191(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F .19(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 -(symbolic links while tra)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir) -3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F1(..)3.62 E F0 -(in)3.62 E F1(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F33.62 E F0 -.395(option to the)144 144 R F3(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F32.895 E F0 .395 +(symbolic links while tra)144 333.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) +3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F2(..)3.62 E F0 +(in)3.62 E F2(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F13.62 E F0 +.395(option to the)144 345.6 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F12.895 E F0 .395 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 156 R F1(..) -2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F1(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F1(..) -2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F1(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 +-.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 357.6 R F2 +(..)2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F2(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F2(..) +2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F2(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 (ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 -E .744(the immediately pre)144 168 R .744(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F1(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 -F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 180 R F3 -3.965 E F0 1.465(option is supplied with)3.965 F F33.965 E -F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 +E .744(the immediately pre)144 369.6 R .744 +(vious pathname component from)-.25 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744 +(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.244 E +F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 381.6 R F13.965 E F0 1.465 +(option is supplied with)3.965 F F13.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465 +(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 (orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 -(determined after a successful directory change,)144 192 R F3(cd)2.968 E -F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) -5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 204 R F32.836 E F0 .336 +(determined after a successful directory change,)144 393.6 R F1(cd)2.968 +E F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) +5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 405.6 R F12.836 E F0 .336 (option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 (utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) -144 216 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F33.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 +144 417.6 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F13.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 (before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -.106(empty directory name from)144 228 R F2(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F32.607 E F0 .107 +.106(empty directory name from)144 429.6 R F3(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F12.607 E F0 .107 (is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F -.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 240 R 2.538(ww) --.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F -(The return v)144 252 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E -(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F3(command)108 -268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 280.8 Q F1(command)2.764 E F0(with) -3.334 E F1(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 441.6 R 2.538 +(ww)-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.) +-2.638 F(The return v)144 453.6 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 +470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 482.4 Q F2(command)2.764 E F0(with) +3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 292.8 R -F2 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F33.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.201 E -F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 304.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F -.399(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 494.4 R +F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E +F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 506.4 R .399(ault v)-.1 F +.399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 316.8 R F32.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F3 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F1(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F32.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 328.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +5.4 E .175(either the)144 518.4 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 530.4 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 (ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F3 -144 340.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F32.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F32.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 352.8 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +-.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 +144 542.4 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 554.4 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 (wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 -(command)144.2 364.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 +(command)144.2 566.4 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F3(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 376.8 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F3 -(compgen)108 393.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 405.6 R -F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 578.4 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 +(compgen)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 607.2 R +F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 417.6 R F3(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F33.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F33.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 429.6 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F3 -2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F32.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +(accepted by the)144 619.2 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 631.2 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 +2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F .131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F -(mable completion f)144 441.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(mable completion f)144 643.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 465.6 R .352 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 667.2 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -477.6 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 489.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 513.6 Q +679.2 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 691.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 715.2 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F3 -(complete)108 530.4 Q F0([)3.729 E F3(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C -F3-3.729 E F1(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F3(\255DE)-3.729 E -F0 3.728(][)C F3-3.728 E F1(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F3 --3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F3-3.728 E F1(wor)3.728 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F3-3.728 E F1(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 -542.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 554.4 Q -F3A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) -A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F3(complete \255pr)108 -566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.633(Specify ho)144 578.4 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 -(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 -F .634(If the)5.634 F F33.134 E F0 .634 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 -590.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 -F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 602.4 R(The)5.31 E F32.81 E F0 .31 -(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 -(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 614.4 R(The)6.347 E -F33.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) -3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 626.4 R(`def)-.74 E -(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -638.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F33.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 650.4 R -(`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 -(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 662.4 Q 1.438 -(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -686.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 722.4 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 -(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F33.056 E F0(,)A F33.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F33.056 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(55)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(55)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .723 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 84 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F13.223 E F0 .722 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(complete)108 84 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C F1 +-3.729 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C +F1(\255DE)-3.729 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 +3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1 +-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2 +(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 96 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E +F0(])A([)144 108 Q F1A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1 +(complete \255pr)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 132 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg) +-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 E F0 .633 +(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F13.134 E F0 +.634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e) +144 144 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) +-.15 F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 156 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31 +(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 +(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 168 R(The)6.347 E F1 +3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 +F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 180 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E +3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F +3.455(ac)144 192 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F +.955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F13.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 204 R(`empty') +-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 216 Q 1.438 +(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 +240 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 252 Q +.3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 276 R .855 -.15(ve t) +-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F +.555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 +3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 288 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 +3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F13.223 E F0 .722 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 96 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin is in) -.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 108 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 120 Q F2(comp-option) -2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 -(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 -(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) -184 132 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 -144 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 156 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) -2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F -(matches.)224 168 Q F1(default)184 180 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 180 -R 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +(sion before the)144 300 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 312 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 324 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') +.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 336 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 348 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 360 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 +.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 372 Q +F1(default)184 384 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 384 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G +(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 192 Q F1(dir)184 204 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 216 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -228 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 240 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +224 396 Q F1(dir)184 408 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 420 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +432 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 444 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 252 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 456 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 264 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 276 Q F1(noquote) -184 288 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 288 S .814 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 468 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 480 Q F1(noquote) +184 492 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 492 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F 3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 300 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 312 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 312 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 324 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 324 S +(\214lenames is the def)224 504 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 516 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 516 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 528 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 528 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 336 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 348 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 348 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 540 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 552 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 552 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 360 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 372 -Q F1144 384 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 396 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 564 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 576 +Q F1144 588 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 600 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -408 Q F0(Alias names.)224 408 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 420 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 432 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 444 Q(Readline)224 444 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 456 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 456 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 468 -Q F0(Command names.)224 480 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 492 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 504 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 516 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 528 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -540 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 540 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -552 Q F0(Names of e)224 552 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) --.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -564 Q F0(File names.)224 564 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 576 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 588 -Q F1(gr)184 600 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 600 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -612 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 624 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 636 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 648 -Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 660 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 660 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 672 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 684 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) --.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -696 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 696 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 708 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 708 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(56)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +612 Q F0(Alias names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 624 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 636 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 648 Q(Readline)224 648 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 660 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 660 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 672 +Q F0(Command names.)224 684 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 696 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 708 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(56)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(setopt)184 84 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 84 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the) --.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 96 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the) -224 96 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 108 Q -F0(Signal names.)224 108 Q F1(stopped)184 120 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 132 Q F0(User names.)224 132 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 144 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 144 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 156 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 168 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 +SF(disabled)184 84 Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 96 Q(uiltins.)-.2 +E F1(enabled)184 108 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 108 Q(uiltins.) +-.2 E F1(export)184 120 Q F0(Names of e)224 120 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E +2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(\214le)184 132 Q F0(File names.)224 132 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 144 +Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 156 Q F1(gr)184 168 Q(oup)-.18 E F0 +(Group names.)224 168 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(helptopic)184 180 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 192 Q +F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 204 Q F0 +(Hostnames, as tak)224 216 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(job)184 228 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)224 228 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +-.1(ke)184 240 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 252 Q(ed w)-.15 E +2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(running)184 264 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 +264 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 276 Q(vice)-.1 E F0 +(Service names.)224 276 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 288 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 288 S(lid ar)1.11 E +(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 300 Q F0 +(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 300 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 312 Q F0(Signal names.)224 312 Q F1 +(stopped)184 324 Q F0(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 +324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(user)184 336 Q F0(User names.)224 336 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 348 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 348 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 360 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 372 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 180 Q F1144 192 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 204 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +184 384 Q F1144 396 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +(The shell function)184 408 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 216 R +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 420 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 228 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 432 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 240 R .103 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 444 R .103 (gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) -2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 252 R +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 456 R .102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 264 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1144 276 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 -(The pathname e)184 288 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 300 Q F1144 312 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 324 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 468 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1144 480 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 492 R +1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 504 Q +F1144 516 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 528 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 336 Q F1144 348 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 348 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 540 Q F1144 552 Q F3(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 552 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 360 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 564 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 576 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 (special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 -(each resultant w)184 384 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 +(each resultant w)184 588 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F -(resultant list which match the w)184 396 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1144 408 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 420 Q F0 .455 +(resultant list which match the w)184 600 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E +F1144 612 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 624 Q F0 .455 (is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 432 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 444 Q F2(\214lterpat) +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 636 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 648 Q F3(\214lterpat) 3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 (rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 456 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 472.8 R .467 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 660 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 676.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 (or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 484.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(plied without a)144 688.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 496.8 Q F0 +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 700.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 525.6 R -F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 537.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 549.6 Q F2(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 561.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) --5.297 E F12.797 E F0 .297 -(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.228(the `)144 573.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ -mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 585.6 R 2.177 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F14.677 E F0 2.178 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) -144 597.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.388(The return v)144 621.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 -(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 633.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 650.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 662.4 R 1.753 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A -F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 -(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 674.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 -1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 -/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 686.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 -(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) -3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(57)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(57)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(declar)108 84 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A -F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 -E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 108 R -1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib) -.15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C -1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264 -(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 120 S -3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 +SF(compopt)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447 +(Modify completion options for each)144 96 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447 +(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447 +(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 108 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 120 Q F2(name) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 132 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +-5.297 E F12.797 E F0 .297 +(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F +1.228(the `)144 144 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(omm\ +and completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no) +-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 156 R 2.177 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F14.677 E F0 2.178 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) +144 168 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 +E 1.388(The return v)144 192 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 +(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F +(options for a)144 204 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 220.8 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 232.8 R 1.753 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 +(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 244.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 256.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 +(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) +3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 268.8 Q F1(declar)108 285.6 +Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 +(typeset)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 309.6 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 321.6 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 (option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 (alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 -3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)2.775 E F0 -(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.) --2.775 F(When)5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F -(without)144 144 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 +3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 333.6 Q F2(name)2.775 E +F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) +2.774 F(without)144 345.6 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 (guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 (alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 156 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 -F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F13.681 E F0 -(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 168 R -.62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12(ariables. The) --.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62(option will restrict the display)3.12 F -1.291(to shell functions.)144 180 R(The)6.291 E F13.791 E F0 1.291 -(option inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only the functi\ -on)3.791 F .948(name and attrib)144 192 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F -.948(If the)5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(attrib)144 357.6 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F13.681 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +369.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62 +(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.)144 +381.6 R(The)6.291 E F13.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the displa\ +y of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 +(name and attrib)144 393.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) +5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -204 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F -(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 216 Q F1 -3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F13.891 E F0 1.391 +405.6 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 +F(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 417.6 Q F1 +3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F13.891 E F0 1.391 (option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 228 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 429.6 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 (is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F 1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F -(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 240 R -.794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 F -1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 252 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 -144 264 Q F0(Each)180 264 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 -E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 276 Q F0(Each)180 -276 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v) -.15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(\).).15 E F1144 288 Q F0(Use function names only)180 288 Q(.)-.65 -E F1144 300 Q F0 .558(The v)180 300 R .558 +(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 441.6 +R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 +F 1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 453.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E +F1144 465.6 Q F0(Each)180 465.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 +(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 477.6 Q +F0(Each)180 477.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 489.6 Q F0(Use function names only) +180 489.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 501.6 Q F0 .558(The v)180 501.6 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 312 Q F0(abo)2.25 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 324 Q F0 .909 -(When the v)180 324 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 513.6 Q F0(abo) +2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) +-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 525.6 Q +F0 .909(When the v)180 525.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 336 R(upper) -2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 348 Q F0(Gi) -180 348 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0(the)3.82 E -F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 537.6 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 549.6 +Q F0(Gi)180 549.6 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0 +(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.518(That other v)180 360 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F -1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 372 Q .27 +1.518(That other v)180 561.6 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 +F 1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 573.6 Q .27 (ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.77 E F0 2.77(,e)C .27 (xcept for changing the)-2.92 F F12.77 E F0(attrib)2.77 E .27 -(ute itself, are performed)-.2 F .894(on the v)180 384 R .894 +(ute itself, are performed)-.2 F .894(on the v)180 585.6 R .894 (ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.394 E F0 1.995 -.55('s v)D 3.395 (alue. The).3 F .895(nameref attrib)3.395 F .895 -(ute cannot be applied to)-.2 F(array v)180 396 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1 -144 408 Q F0(Mak)180 408 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C -(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 +(ute cannot be applied to)-.2 F(array v)180 597.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1 +144 609.6 Q F0(Mak)180 609.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047 +(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 (hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546 -(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 420 Q F1 -144 432 Q F0(Gi)180 432 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 -(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) --.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) -180 444 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E -(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 456 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 456 R .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F -(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 468 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 480 Q F0(Mark)180 480 Q F2(name)2.5 -E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 496.8 R -2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F -.121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -.645(to destro)144 508.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) +(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 621.6 Q +F1144 633.6 Q F0(Gi)180 633.6 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 645.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 +657.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 657.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 +F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 +F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 669.6 +R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1 +144 681.6 Q F0(Mark)180 681.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 698.4 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12 +(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F +.645(to destro)144 710.4 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) -3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) 3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 -(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 520.8 Q F1 +(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 722.4 Q F1 (declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 -(command, unless the)2.835 F F12.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.283 -(is supplied.)144 532.8 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283 -(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 -(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 -544.8 R F13.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F13.426 E F0 .927 -(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 -(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 556.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 -F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 -(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 -(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 -(option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 568.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C -2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144 -580.8 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062 -(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 -(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 592.8 R F1 -(Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 604.8 S .172 -(lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 -F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 616.8 R 3.46(fa) --.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 628.8 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 645.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 657.6 S .329 -(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 669.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 681.6 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) -4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 693.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 705.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 705.6 Q -F1144 717.6 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 717.6 R .882 -(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(58) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(command, unless the)2.835 F F12.835 E F0(option)2.835 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(58)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.) -180 84 Q F1144 96 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one en\ -try per line, pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 96 R 2.772(xi) --.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 108 Q F1(+)144 120 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.564(Displays the)180 120 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 -1.565(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 -E(without options, starting with zero.)180 132 Q F1144 144 Q F2(n)A -F0 1.194(Displays the)180 144 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.283 +(is supplied.)144 84 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283(ariable name is follo) +-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)A F0 3.783 +(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 96 +R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F23.426 E F0 +.927(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 108 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 F +3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592(ect until subsequent assignments.) +.25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 +(option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) +144 120 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C +2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144 +132 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062 +(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 144 R F2 +(Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F +F1(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 156 S .172 +(lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 +F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 168 R 3.46(fa) +-.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 180 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 196.8 Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F2 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .329 +(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) +.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 220.8 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 232.8 Q +F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F2(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 244.8 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2144 256.8 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 256.8 Q +F2144 268.8 Q F0 .881 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 268.8 R .882 +(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 +280.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 292.8 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 292.8 Q F2 +144 304.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 304.8 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 +(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 316.8 Q F2(+)144 328.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)180 328.8 R F1(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 340.8 Q F2144 352.8 Q F1 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 352.8 R F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 156 Q .257(The return v)144 -172.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 364.8 Q .257(The return v)144 +381.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F1(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 184.8 Q F1(diso)108 201.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 213.6 S .122 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 393.6 Q F2(diso)108 410.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F1(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 422.4 S .122 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 225.6 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F1(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 434.4 R F22.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F22.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F1(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 237.6 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 +.15 F F1(jobspec)145.74 446.4 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 249.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 458.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F1(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 261.6 R F1 -3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 470.4 R F2 +3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F1(jobspec)5.599 E F0 (ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 273.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 482.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F1 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 302.4 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E +F2(echo)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 511.2 R F1(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 (wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 314.4 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 +(error occurs.)144 523.2 R(If)5.308 E F22.808 E F0 .308 (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 +F .307(If the)5.308 F F22.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 -326.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F13.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +535.2 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +6.348 E F23.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 547.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 (ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -350.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 +559.2 Q F2(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 (shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 -F F1(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 -(these escape characters by def)144 362.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F13.216 E F0 .715 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.715 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 374.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) -144 386.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 386.4 Q F1(\\b)144 398.4 Q F0 -(backspace)180 398.4 Q F1(\\c)144 410.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -410.4 Q F1(\\e)144 422.4 Q(\\E)144 434.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 -434.4 Q F1(\\f)144 446.4 Q F0(form feed)180 446.4 Q F1(\\n)144 458.4 Q -F0(ne)180 458.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 470.4 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 470.4 Q F1(\\t)144 482.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -482.4 Q F1(\\v)144 494.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 494.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\\\)144 506.4 Q F0(backslash)180 506.4 Q F1(\\0)144 518.4 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 518.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 -E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 530.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 530.4 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 542.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 554.4 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 566.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 578.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 602.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 631.2 R -.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 -(the same name as a shell b)144 643.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 655.2 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 -(abled; otherwise,)144 667.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) -4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 679.2 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 -F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F -F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 -(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 691.2 S 1.525 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F -F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 703.2 Q F1 -2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) --5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 715.2 R F1 -2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 -(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -727.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) -141.79 E(59)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +F F2(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 +(these escape characters by def)144 571.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.716 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F23.216 E F0 .715 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F2(echo)5.715 E F0 +(interprets the follo)144 583.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) +144 595.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 595.2 Q F2(\\b)144 607.2 Q F0 +(backspace)180 607.2 Q F2(\\c)144 619.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +619.2 Q F2(\\e)144 631.2 Q(\\E)144 643.2 Q F0(an escape character)180 +643.2 Q F2(\\f)144 655.2 Q F0(form feed)180 655.2 Q F2(\\n)144 667.2 Q +F0(ne)180 667.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 679.2 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 679.2 Q F2(\\t)144 691.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +691.2 Q F2(\\v)144 703.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 703.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2 +(\\\\)144 715.2 Q F0(backslash)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 February 8)141.79 E(59)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.917 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 84 R 1.916 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(\\0)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 84 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E +(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 +(\\x)144 96 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 96 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 +(\\u)144 108 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 120 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 132 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 144 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 156 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 168 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F1(enable)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 196.8 R +.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(the same name as a shell b)144 208.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 220.8 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 +(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 +(abled; otherwise,)144 232.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 244.8 R +.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 +(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 +(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 256.8 S 1.525 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 268.8 Q F1 +2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) +-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 280.8 R F1 +2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 +F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +292.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 1.917 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 304.8 R 1.916 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(special)2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The) -.2 F .379(return v)2.879 F(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 108 R F2 -(name)3.855 E F0 .994(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994 -(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994 -(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 120 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 -136.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 148.8 -Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(enabled. If)144 316.8 R F12.878 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F +(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 328.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 +340.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 357.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 369.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 172.8 Q +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 393.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 201.6 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 422.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 (wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 213.6 R .177 +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 434.4 R .177 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 225.6 R .499(gument passed to) +(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 446.4 R .499(gument passed to) -.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 (lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 237.6 Q F0 .639(to be e) +.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 458.4 Q F0 .639(to be e) 3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 249.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 470.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 261.6 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.15 F(non-interacti)144 482.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F .577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 (shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 273.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) +F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 494.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) -.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 285.6 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 506.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 (edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 297.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 314.4 R .095(xit with a status of) +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 518.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 535.2 R .095(xit with a status of) -.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 326.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 355.2 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 367.2 R -F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F -.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.626 E F1 -2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) -.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 -(n, or if the).15 F F1144 391.2 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.547 E F0 -.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 403.2 S 1.446 +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 547.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E +F1(export)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 576 Q F0 +.257(The supplied)144 588 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F +.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 +(commands. If)144 600 R(the)2.626 E F12.626 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1 +144 612 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 +2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 624 S 1.446 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 415.2 S .742(lue of the v) -.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 636 S .742(lue of the v).25 +F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 (export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 648 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 (is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 439.2 Q F1(fc)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 660 Q F1(fc)108 676.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 480 R F2<8c72> +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 700.8 R F2<8c72> 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +712.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 504 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 -F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .314(is used as an of) -144 516 R .314(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.314 E -F2(last)2.905 E F0 .315(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F -(-)-.2 E .949(rent command for listing \(so that)144 528 R/F4 10 -/Courier@0 SF .948(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948 -(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E -F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)144 540 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E -F0(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 564 Q -F12.522 E F0 .022 -(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E -F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 576 R .438(If the)5.438 -F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 -(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F2 -(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) -.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 600 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E -F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 612 R .95 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 624 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 648 R F2 -(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 660 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F2<8c72>2.847 -E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 -2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 672 Q F4 7.166(rc) -3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) -3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 684 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 708 -R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 720 R -.454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(60) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP +144 724.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) +-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(60)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .787 -(last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .314 +(is used as an of)144 84 R .314(fset from the current command number\).) +-.25 F(If)5.314 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(last)2.905 E F0 .315 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F(-)-.2 E .949 +(rent command for listing \(so that)144 96 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .948 +(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) +3.448 F F1<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +144 108 R F1<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 132 Q +/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.522 E F0 .022 +(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E +F32.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 144 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F32.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E +.334(the editor gi)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F1 +(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 168 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 +F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4 +(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v) +144 180 R .95(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 +F .951(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 +F -.15(exe)144 192 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 216 R F1 +(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.788 +E(mand)144 228 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F1<8c72>2.847 +E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F2 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 +2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 240 Q F2 7.166(rc) +3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F2(r) +3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F +(mand.)144 252 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 276 +R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 288 R +.454(If the)5.454 F F32.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 108 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.5 E -F0(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 136.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413 -(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913 -(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1 -(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 148.8 Q -3.117(sn)-.55 G .617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job) --.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 160.8 Q +312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 324 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F3(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F3(fg)108 340.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 352.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 364.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 376.8 Q .362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 172.8 Q +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 388.8 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F2(getopts)108 189.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) --.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 201.6 Q F0 .793 +F3(getopts)108 405.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) +-.37 E F0(])A F3(getopts)144 417.6 Q F0 .793 (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 213.6 R .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 429.6 R .15 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 225.6 Q .579 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 441.6 Q .579 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 237.6 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 453.6 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F3(getopts) 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 249.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 +(option in the shell v)144 465.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 (if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G -3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 261.6 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) -4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 273.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 +3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585 +E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 +(or a shell script is in)144 489.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F3 (getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 285.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 +(into the v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 (automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 297.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 513.6 R F3(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 309.6 -Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 333.6 R F2(getopts) +2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 525.6 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 549.6 R F3(getopts) 4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 345.6 Q F0 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 561.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 369.6 Q F0 2.393 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 585.6 Q F0 2.393 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F1(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 -381.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 1.165 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F1(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F3(getopts)144 +597.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 1.165 (can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 (is a colon,)3.886 F F1(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.071 -(reporting is used.)144 417.6 R 1.071 +(reporting is used.)144 633.6 R 1.071 (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 429.6 +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 645.6 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft) +-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F +(will be displayed, e)144 657.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft) -2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F1(optstring)2.73 E F0 -(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 465.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 -(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into) +(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 681.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 +(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into) 3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 (and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 -477.6 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 -E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +693.6 R F4(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 +E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 (OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 489.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 -513.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.741 -(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144 525.6 -Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F2 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 537.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 -(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 -(getopts)144 561.6 Q F0 .902 -(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 573.6 Q F2(hash)108 -590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lename) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.858(Each time)144 602.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) -3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 614.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 626.4 -R F22.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 -(of the command.)144 638.4 R(The)6.712 E F24.212 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F24.211 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 650.4 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F23.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 662.4 R F1(name) -3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F -F1(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -674.4 R F23.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F2 -3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 -(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -686.4 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 698.4 Q F22.821 E F0 .321 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F -.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 710.4 Q F1(name)2.86 -E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(61)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 705.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 +729.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.741 +(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(61)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(help)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867 -(Display helpful information about b)144 96 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 -F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help) -3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E -.306(help on all commands matching)144 108 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807 -(;o).24 G .307(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 120 Q F1 -144 132 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 132 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1144 144 Q F0(Display the description of each)180 -144 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat)-2.5 -E F1144 156 Q F0(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 -156 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0 -(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 172.8 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 189.6 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 201.6 Q(history \255d)108 213.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A -F1(history \255p)108 237.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 249.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -261.6 S .752 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144 84 Q F0(,).18 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT) +2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \() +2.734 F F3(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 96 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0 +(and)2.68 E F2(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 +(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3(getopts)144 120 Q F0 +.902(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) +3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 132 Q F3(hash)108 148.8 +Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 +(Each time)144 160.8 R F3(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) +3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 +(the directories in)144 172.8 R F3($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 184.8 +R F32.742 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 +(of the command.)144 196.8 R(The)6.712 E F34.212 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F34.211 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 208.8 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F33.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 220.8 R F1(name) +3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F +F1(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +232.8 R F33.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F3 +3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 +(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 +244.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 256.8 Q F32.821 E F0 .321 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F +.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 268.8 Q F1(name)2.86 +E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) +.25 E F3(help)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 +297.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 +309.6 R F1(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 321.6 Q F3 +144 333.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 333.6 Q F1 +(pattern)2.5 E F3144 345.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 345.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F3144 357.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 357.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 374.4 Q F1 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 391.2 Q F1(n)A F3(])A +(history \255c)108 403.2 Q(history \255d)108 415.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F3(history \255anrw)108 427.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0(])A +F3(history \255p)108 439.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 451.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +463.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 273.6 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 285.6 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 475.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) +2.881 E(MA)144 487.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F1 (strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 297.6 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 499.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 309.6 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 511.2 R(If)5.176 E F1(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 321.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +(not, the v)144 523.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 333.6 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 333.6 Q F1 -144 345.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 357.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 -E F0(.)A F1144 369.6 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 369.6 R(`ne)-.74 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 535.2 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 535.2 Q F3 +144 547.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 559.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 +E F0(.)A F3144 571.2 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 571.2 R(`ne)-.74 E (w')-.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.) -3.064 F .565(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 -381.6 Q(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 393.6 +583.2 Q(ginning of the current)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3144 595.2 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 393.6 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 405.6 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 417.6 Q F1144 429.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 429.6 Q F1 -144 441.6 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 441.6 Q +le into the current history list.)180 595.2 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 607.2 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 619.2 Q F3144 631.2 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 631.2 Q F3 +144 643.2 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 453.6 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 453.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F3144 655.2 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 655.2 R(wing)-.25 E F1 (ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) -3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 465.6 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 667.2 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 477.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 489.6 Q F0 -.363(Store the)180 489.6 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(normal history e)180 679.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3144 691.2 Q F0 +.363(Store the)180 691.2 R F1(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 501.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 518.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 703.2 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 720 R F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 530.4 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 542.4 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 554.4 R 1.795 -(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 566.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ -option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 578.4 Q(fset) --.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 -F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 590.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 607.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 619.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 631.2 Q .3 -.15 -(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 643.2 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 643.2 Q F1 -144 655.2 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 655.2 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 667.2 Q F1 -144 679.2 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 679.2 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 691.2 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 691.2 Q F1144 703.2 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 703.2 Q(If)144 720 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 E -F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(62)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(62)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(an in)144 84 Q --.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E -.394(If the)144 100.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.894 E F0 .394 -(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F -(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E -F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395(with the corre-)3.164 F -(sponding process group ID, and e)144 112.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E -F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r) -.27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E F2(kill)108 129.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(signum)2.5 -E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 -E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2(kill \255l)108 141.6 Q F0(|) -A F2A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 153.6 R F1 -(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F1(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F1 -(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 -(either a case-insensiti)144 165.6 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 -(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 177.6 Q F1(signum)4.189 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .669 +(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 84 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 96 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 108 R 1.795 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F +1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid op\ +tion is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the histo\ +ry \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(of)144 132 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031 +(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531 +(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031 +(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F23.531 +E F0 -.1(fa)144 144 S(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F2(jobs \255x)108 +172.8 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 196.8 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 196.8 Q F2 +144 208.8 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 208.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 220.8 Q F2 +144 232.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 232.8 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 244.8 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 244.8 Q F2144 256.8 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 256.8 Q(If)144 273.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.554 +E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 +E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 302.4 R F2 +2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 314.4 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) +2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E +F2(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2 +2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 +(kill \255l)108 343.2 Q F0(|)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|) +2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 +(Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F1(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F1 +(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.869 E +F0(or)3.389 E F1(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) +2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 +.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F1(signum)4.189 E F0 1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 189.6 Q .522(gument of)-.18 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F F23.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) 5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) .18 F F23.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 201.6 +(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 403.2 R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E -F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 213.6 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F +F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F22.877 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 225.6 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 427.2 R(The)5.962 E F23.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) -.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F23.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 237.6 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) --.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 254.4 Q -F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -266.4 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(successfully sent, or f)144 439.2 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) +-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 456 Q F1 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +468 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 278.4 Q F1(ar) -2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 295.2 Q F0([)2.5 +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 480 Q F1(ar)2.83 +E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 307.2 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 508.8 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 319.2 Q 3.152(yo) +-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.152(yo) -.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar) 3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -331.2 Q F1(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +532.8 Q F1(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F (If)5.421 E F1(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 343.2 R F2 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 544.8 R F2 (local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 355.2 R F2(set)4.063 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 556.8 R F2(set)4.063 E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 367.2 R 1.243 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 568.8 R 1.243 (ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 (writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 -(error to use)144 379.2 R F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(error to use)144 580.8 R F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 391.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) +144 592.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) 2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout) -108 408 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 408 Q F2(map\214le)108 424.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count) +108 609.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 609.6 Q F2(map\214le)108 626.4 Q +F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 436.8 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 638.4 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .35(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 448.8 R +(])A .35(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 (arr)2.851 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F1(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 460.8 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F1(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 662.4 R F23.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 472.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 484.8 Q F0(The \214rst character of) -180 484.8 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 +-6.248 F(ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 686.4 Q F0(The \214rst character of) +180 686.4 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 -E F2144 496.8 Q F0(Cop)180 496.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) +E F2144 698.4 Q F0(Cop)180 698.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) -2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)2.5 E F0 -(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2144 508.8 Q F0(Be)180 508.8 Q +(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2144 710.4 Q F0(Be)180 710.4 Q (gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) -.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2144 520.8 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 520.8 Q F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2 -144 532.8 Q F0(Remo)180 532.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 -E F1(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F2144 544.8 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 544.8 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2144 556.8 Q F0(Ev)180 -556.8 Q(aluate)-.25 E F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F1 -(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F22.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2144 568.8 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 568.8 Q -F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 585.6 Q F22.967 E F0 -.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F22.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 -(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1 -(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 597.6 R 2.762(xo)-.15 -G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 -(as additional ar)144 609.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 621.6 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 638.4 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 655.2 Q F0 1.906 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) -4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 667.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F2(popd)108 684 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 696 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se) -.15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 -(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -708 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) +-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) 141.79 E(63)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7732,1541 +7726,1581 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 84 R .551 +SF144 84 Q F0(Discard the \214rst)180 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1144 96 Q F0(Remo)180 96 Q .3 +-.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne) +-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 108 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 108 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 120 Q F0(Ev)180 120 Q +(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) +2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 132 Q +F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 132 Q F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 148.8 Q F12.967 E F0 .467 +(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 +(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 160.8 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 172.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 184.8 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 201.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 218.4 Q F0 1.906 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 230.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E +F1(popd)108 247.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 +(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G +.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 +G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 +271.2 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 283.2 Q F1144 295.2 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 295.2 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 96 Q F1(+)144 108 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G -(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 120 -S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E -F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 132 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 -132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 144 -R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0 -(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 160.8 R F1(popd)3.144 E -F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 -E F0 .415(returns f)144 172.8 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 307.2 Q F1(+)144 319.2 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 319.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 +331.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) +-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 343.2 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E +F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 355.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 +E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 +372 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs) +3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 +F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 384 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F +-.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 184.8 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 396 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 412.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 -(Write the formatted)144 213.6 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 424.8 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 (to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 225.6 R(ariable) +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 436.8 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 237.6 Q(The)144 261.6 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 448.8 Q(The)144 472.8 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 +er escape sequences, which are con)144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 285.6 R .036 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 297.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 496.8 R .036 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 508.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 309.6 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 321.6 Q F0(causes)180 321.6 Q F1(printf) +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 520.8 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 532.8 Q F0(causes)180 532.8 Q F1(printf) 2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 333.6 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 345.6 Q F0(causes)180 345.6 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 544.8 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 556.8 Q F0(causes)180 556.8 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 357.6 Q F1(%\()144 369.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 381.6 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +(input.)180 568.8 Q F1(%\()144 580.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 592.8 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 393.6 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 604.8 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -405.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F +616.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F .458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 -(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 417.6 R .847 +(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 628.8 R .847 (as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 -F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 +F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 640.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G 2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 -(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 441.6 Q -(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 458.4 Q .463(guments to non-string format s\ +(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 652.8 Q +(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 669.6 Q .463(guments to non-string format s\ peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 470.4 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 681.6 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 482.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 499.2 Q F2(format)3.423 E +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 693.6 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 710.4 Q F2(format)3.423 E F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 511.2 Q(guments)-.37 E +3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 722.4 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 523.2 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 540 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\ -ctory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 564 R 3.14(wt)-.25 -G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 576 R .416 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F -(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 588 R 6.625(.A) --.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 600 Q F1 -144 612 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ - rotating or adding directories to the)180 612 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 624 Q F1(+)144 636 Q -F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 636 R F2(n)3.767 E F0 -1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 648 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 660 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 660 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 -(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 672 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 684 Q F0(Adds)180 684 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) --.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 696 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 712.8 R F1(pushd)2.989 -E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 724.8 R F2(dir) -3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) --.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(64)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(64)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .847 -(stack is empty)144 84 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent di\ -rectory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E -(ails.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP) -A F0(])A .844(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 124.8 R -.845(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 84 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+) +-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A +F1(pushd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0 +(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotate\ +s the stack, making the ne)144 124.8 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the) +-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 136.8 R .416(orking directory)-.1 F +5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G +(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 148.8 R 6.625 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 160.8 Q +F1144 172.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ +when rotating or adding directories to the)180 172.8 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 184.8 Q F1(+)144 +196.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 196.8 R F2(n) +3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 208.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 220.8 Q F2(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 220.8 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)180 232.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 244.8 Q F0(Adds)180 244.8 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) +-.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 256.8 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 273.6 R F1(pushd) +2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 285.6 R F2(dir) +3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) +-.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 +(stack is empty)144 297.6 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ + directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 309.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 338.4 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -136.8 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +350.4 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 -(enabled. If)144 148.8 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 +(enabled. If)144 362.4 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 160.8 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 172.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108 189.6 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2 -(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 -3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 --3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E -F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A -([)108 201.6 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ -tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 213.6 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 225.6 Q -F13.847 E F0 1.347(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347 -(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348 -(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 237.6 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 374.4 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 386.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108 403.2 S +(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2 +(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 +-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E +F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(pr) +3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 +3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 415.2 Q F2(name)A +F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ +e \214le descriptor)144 427.2 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 439.2 Q F13.847 E F0 1.347 +(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 451.2 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 249.6 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 463.2 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 261.6 Q F0 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 475.2 Q F0 5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) -.25 F .722 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .531(assigned empty v)144 273.6 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 +F .531(assigned empty v)144 487.2 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 (characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 (are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 285.6 R .197 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 499.2 R .197 (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 297.6 R F1(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 511.2 R F1(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) .15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -309.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 321.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 333.6 R 1.049 +523.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 535.2 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) +180 547.2 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) -.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F2(aname)180.33 345.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +F2(aname)180.33 559.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 357.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0(The \214rst character of)180 369.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 571.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E +F0(The \214rst character of)180 583.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1144 381.6 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 381.6 R F1 -.18 +F1144 595.2 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 595.2 R F1 -.18 (re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) 2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 393.6 R .218 +.218(to obtain the line.)180 607.2 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E -F1144 417.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18(re) +(acti)180 619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E +F1144 631.2 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 631.2 Q F1 -.18(re) 2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2 (te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 -E .216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 429.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1 -144 441.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S(ad).18 +E .216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 643.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1 +144 655.2 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 667.2 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 -(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 465.6 Q +(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 679.2 Q (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 477.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 489.6 S +144 691.2 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 703.2 S (ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 501.6 R F1 -.18(re) +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 715.2 R F1 -.18(re) 2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 (Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 513.6 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 727.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 525.6 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 537.6 S .669 -(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 549.6 Q F0 -(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 561.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 573.6 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 585.6 Q -2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 597.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 597.6 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 609.6 Q -(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E -(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1144 -621.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 621.6 Q -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 633.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 645.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 657.6 R F2(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 669.6 Q -(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ -g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -681.6 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 693.6 R .59 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 705.6 S -(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 -.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) -2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 -G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 717.6 R 1.12 -(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12 -(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 729.6 R -.15(ex)2.5 G -(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(65)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) +141.79 E(65)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 84 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 100.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .609 +(characters are read.)180 84 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(IFS)3.108 E F0 3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25 +(va)180 96 S .669(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 108 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 132 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 144 Q 2.5 +(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 +144 156 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 156 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 168 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) +-.25 E F1144 180 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 180 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 +144 192 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 204 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 216 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 228 Q +(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E +.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ +g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 +240 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 252 R .59 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 264 S(riable) +.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 +(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 +F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 276 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) +.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 +288 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 316.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 112.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 328.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) .18 E F0 .772 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 124.8 S 2.004 +-.25(va)144 340.8 S 2.004 (riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 (ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 136.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 153.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 352.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 369.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 177.6 R +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 393.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 189.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 405.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 201.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 417.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 213.6 R -.15(ve) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 225.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 441.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 237.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -249.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 453.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +465.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 261.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 477.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 273.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 290.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 302.4 R +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 489.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 506.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 314.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 326.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 542.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.067(before the trap handler)144 -338.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +554.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.067(is e)3.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.067(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) 3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(determine the status is the last command e)144 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 -G(d.).1 E(If)144 362.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 +G(d.).1 E(If)144 578.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 (is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 (or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 398.4 R .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 614.4 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 410.4 R -.15 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 626.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 422.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +.749(mand associated with the)144 638.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 434.4 Q F1 -(set)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 650.4 Q F1 +(set)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 475.2 S .836 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 691.2 S .836 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 487.2 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 703.2 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 499.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 715.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 .412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 (The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 511.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +(locale. When)144 727.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. 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This)224 606 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) -.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 396 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 396 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 420 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 444 Q F0(Same as)224 444 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 468 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 480 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 480 R 3.087(,a) +184 618 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 618 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 630 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 642 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 666 Q F0(Same as)224 666 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 690 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 702 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 702 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 492 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -504 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 516 R 1.657 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -528 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 540 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 552 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 564 Q F0(Same as)224 564 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 576 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 588 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 600 Q F0(Same as)224 600 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 612 Q F0(Same as)224 612 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 624 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 624 Q F1(notify)184 636 Q F0 -(Same as)224 636 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 648 Q F0(Same as) -224 648 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 660 Q F0(Same as)224 660 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 672 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 672 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 684 Q F0 1.029 -(If set, the return v)224 684 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F -1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 696 -R 1.136 -(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 708 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(67)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 714 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) +72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(67)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(posix)184 84 Q F0 2.09(Change the beha)224 84 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F -F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif) --.1 F 2.091(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212 -(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). 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See)B/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 324 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G 2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -120 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 132 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -144 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 156 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -156 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 168 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 168 R 3.965(ace. This) +336 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 348 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +360 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 372 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +372 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 384 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 384 R 3.965(ace. This) -.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -180 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 210 Q -F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) +396 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 426 Q +F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F3(option\255name) 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -222 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +438 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F3(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 (commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 234 Q F1 -144 246 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 246 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 450 Q F1 +144 462 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 462 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F3(privile)4.821 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +F4($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F4($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 258 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 270 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 474 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F4(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F4 +-.27(BA)184 486 S(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F4(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 282 R .38 +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 498 R .38 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 294 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 510 R F12.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 306 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 522 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 318 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 534 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 330 Q F1144 342 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 342 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 354 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 354 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 546 Q F1144 558 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 558 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1144 570 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 570 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 366 R 2.682 +as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 582 R 2.682 (xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 378 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 594 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -390 Q F1144 402 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 402 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 414 Q F0 .315(After e)184 414 R -.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 +606 Q F1144 618 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 618 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 630 Q F0 .315(After e)184 630 R +.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F3 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) 2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 -426 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F -1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 438 Q +642 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F +1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)3.736 E F5(,)A F0 +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 654 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 450 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 450 R 2.578 +144 666 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 666 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 462 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 474 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 474 R F1(bash)2.714 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 678 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 690 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 690 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 486 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.053(tors. This)184 702 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 498 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 510 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 510 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 -(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 522 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 534 Q F1 -144 546 Q F0(Enable)184 546 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 558 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 570 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 570 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 582 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 594 R(def)2.685 -E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 -(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 606 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -618 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 618 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 -(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 -(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 -(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 642 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 654 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 654 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G -.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 666 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G -(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -678 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 678 R -F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 690 R -F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 702 Q .425(The options are of)144 -718.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 -(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 730.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 -(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E +.15 F(tor)184 714 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(68)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 96 Q F1(shift)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 -124.8 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) -2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F -(bers)144 136.8 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) -2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082 -(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H -.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f) --5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 148.8 -R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 -(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 -(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143 -(positional parameters are not changed.)144 160.8 R .144 -(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144 -(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 172.8 Q F1(shopt)108 189.6 Q F0([) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 84 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 +F .838(mands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F +3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 108 Q F1 +144 120 Q F0(Enable)184 120 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 132 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 144 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 144 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 +(that change the current w)184 156 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 168 R(def)2.685 +E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 +(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F +(mands which change the current directory)184 180 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +192 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 192 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 +(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 216 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 228 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 228 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 240 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) +.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1144 252 Q F0 1.944 +(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 252 R F2(ar)4.444 E +(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 264 R F1 +3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 276 Q .425(The options are of)144 +292.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 304.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 316.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 328.8 Q F1(shift)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 357.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 369.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 381.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F +(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 393.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 405.6 Q F1(shopt)108 422.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 201.6 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 434.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 213.6 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +(listed belo)144 446.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 225.6 R .826 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 458.4 R .826 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.326 E F0 .825 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 237.6 R(The)5.945 E +.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 470.4 R(The)5.945 E F13.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) -3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 249.6 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 261.6 Q -F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 261.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -273.6 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 273.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 285.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ -return status indicates whether the)180 285.6 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0 -(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 297.6 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2 +3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 482.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 494.4 Q +F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 494.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +506.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 506.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 518.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ +return status indicates whether the)180 518.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0 +(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 530.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2 (optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 309.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 321.6 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 321.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 542.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 554.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 554.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 338.4 R F1 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 571.2 R F1 3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 -(set or unset, respecti)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +(set or unset, respecti)144 583.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 362.4 Q(ault.) +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 595.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -379.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +612 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) 4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 391.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 403.2 Q(The list of)144 420 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 438 Q F0 .2 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 438 R +144 624 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 636 Q(The list of)144 652.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 670.8 Q F0 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 670.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 450 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 682.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 462 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 474 R .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 694.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 706.8 R .155 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 486 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 498 Q F0 -1.055 -(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -498 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 510 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 522 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) --.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 -(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 534 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 546 Q F0 .736 -(If set,)184 558 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 570 -Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 582 Q -F0 .449(If set,)184 594 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 -(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 606 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 618 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 630 Q -.1(wa)-.1 -G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 642 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 -654 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G -.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G -.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 666 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E -F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 -678 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 678 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 -(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 -(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -690 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 702 Q -F0 .419(If set,)184 714 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919 -F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) --.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the)184 726 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462 -(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 -(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(69)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(name of a v)184 718.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 February 8)141.79 E(69)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .71(using the)184 -84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F -(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(cdspell)144 84 Q F0 1.055 +(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 +84 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 96 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 108 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 +(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F +(the command proceeds.)184 120 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 132 Q F0 .736 +(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 156 +Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 168 Q +F0 .449(If set,)184 180 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 192 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +(attempted without an interv)184 204 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 216 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 228 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 +240 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G +.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G +.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 252 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E +F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 +264 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 +(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 +276 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 288 Q +F0 .419(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919 +F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) +-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the)184 312 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462 +(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 +(using the)184 324 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) 3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 -(use ASCII collation and)184 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E +(use ASCII collation and)184 336 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E (cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 108 Q F2(str)2.5 -E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 120 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 -132 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 +.19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 348 Q F4(str)2.5 +E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 360 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 +372 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 (vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 (ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 -(string comparison when using the)184 144 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 384 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) 2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 156 R .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 396 R .481 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 168 Q +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 408 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 180 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41 +F1(compat40)144 420 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41 (changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 (ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 -(string comparison when using the)184 204 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 +(string comparison when using the)184 444 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 (conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) -4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 216 R F1 +4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 456 R F1 (compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F (ersions)-.15 E .086 -(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 228 R -.15 +(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 468 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) --.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 240 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 252 Q F0 1.484(If set,) -184 264 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F F2(posix) +-.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 480 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 492 Q F0 1.484(If set,) +184 504 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F F4(posix) 3.984 E F0 1.483 (mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.984 F -.15 -(ex)184 276 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G +(ex)184 516 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G .959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459 (nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 288 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 528 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 -(posix mode through v)184 300 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +(posix mode through v)184 540 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) 5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 312 Q F1(compat42)144 324 Q -F0 1.797(If set,)184 336 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 552 Q F1(compat42)144 564 Q +F0 1.797(If set,)184 576 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 348 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 360 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 372 R F1 +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 588 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 600 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 612 R F1 (bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 384 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 624 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 (declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 -(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 396 S .352 +(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 636 S .352 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) -.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.853(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.853 E -.1(fa)184 408 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +-2.853 E -.1(fa)184 648 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.057(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.374(function is e)184 420 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F +.374(function is e)184 660 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F (ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 .375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 432 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(complete_fullquote)144 444 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 456 R F1(bash)3.153 E +(the caller')184 672 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(complete_fullquote)144 684 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 696 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\ -mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 468 R 1.524 +mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 708 R 1.524 (If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ -enames when these)184 480 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 -492 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 -F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 504 R 1.073 -(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 -(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 516 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 -(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 -(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -528 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 540 Q -(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 552 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 564 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 -(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -576 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 588 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 600 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -600 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 -(ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 612 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 624 Q F0(If set,)184 624 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(includes \214lenames be)2.5 E(ginning with a `.)-.15 E 2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5 -(nt)-2.5 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail) -144 636 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti)184 636 R 1.687 -.15(ve s) --.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 648 Q -(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E -(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 660 Q F0 -.716(If set, aliases are e)184 672 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 -F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E -/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 684 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 696 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 708 Q -(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(70)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +enames when these)184 720 R(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 +E(70)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(1.)184 84 Q F0(The)220 84 Q F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the) -4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .028 +(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 84 R .028(ariable references in w) +-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073 +(that dollar signs in v)184 96 R 1.073(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 +(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 +(ev e)184 108 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 +120 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 132 Q +(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)144 144 Q(expand) +-.18 E F0 .486(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F +.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 +168 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) +184 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 192 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +192 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +(ord completion if)-.1 F +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 204 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 216 Q F0(If set,)184 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(includes \214lenames be)2.5 E(ginning with a `.)-.15 E 2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5 +(nt)-2.5 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail) +144 228 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti)184 228 R 1.687 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 240 Q +(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E +(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 252 Q F0 +.716(If set, aliases are e)184 264 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 +F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 276 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 288 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 300 Q +(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 +312 Q F0(The)220 312 Q F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1 +(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 96 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 108 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -108 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 120 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 132 Q F0 .841 -(If the command run by the)220 132 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 324 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 336 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +336 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 348 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 360 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)220 360 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 144 S .488 +(exe)220 372 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 156 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 384 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 168 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)220 168 S -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 180 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 192 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 192 R -(shells in)220 204 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 -(\()2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 396 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 396 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 408 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 420 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 420 R +(shells in)220 432 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 216 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 216 R(in)220 228 Q --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3(command) +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 444 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 444 R(in)220 456 Q +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 240 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 240 R .4 +(extglob)144 468 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 468 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 252 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 264 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 276 R -F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 -E F0(")A F3(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) --4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 288 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 300 Q F0 -1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 300 R 1.425 +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 480 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 492 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 504 R +F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 +E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) +-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 516 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 528 Q F0 +1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 528 R 1.425 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 312 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 324 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 336 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 540 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 552 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.937(If set, the suf)184 564 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 348 R .32 +-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 576 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 (he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 -(pletions. See)184 360 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(pletions. See)184 588 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 (abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 -F(enabled by def)184 372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 384 Q F0 -2.518(If set, range e)184 396 R 2.519 +(FIGNORE)2.947 E F3(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def) +184 600 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 612 Q F0 2.518 +(If set, range e)184 624 R 2.519 (xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 (xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 408 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) +(Matching)184 636 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) -3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 420 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 648 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 432 R F1(A) +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 660 R F1(A) 3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 444 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 456 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 456 R F1(**)3.018 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 672 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 684 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 684 R F1(**)3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 (xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 468 R .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 696 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -480 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 492 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 504 Q F1(histappend)144 -516 Q F0 .676 -(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -528 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 540 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 552 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .576(If set, and)184 564 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 576 Q F1(histv)144 588 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 -(If set, and)184 600 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 -(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 612 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 624 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E -2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 636 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 648 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -660 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 672 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 684 Q F0(If set,) -184 696 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 -(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(71) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP +708 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(71)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(inherit_err)144 84 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 96 R .219(alue of the) +SF(gnu_errfmt)144 84 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are written in t\ +he standard GNU error message format.)184 96 Q F1(histappend)144 108 Q +F0 .676 +(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 +120 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 +-.25(va)2.927 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 132 Q +(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 +(histr)144 144 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 156 R F1 -.18(re) +3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F +.575(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 168 Q F1(histv)144 180 Q +(erify)-.1 E F0 .402(If set, and)184 192 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 +E F0 .403 +(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 204 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 216 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 +(hostcomplete)144 228 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 +252 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). 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This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 372 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 384 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 384 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 180 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 192 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) -184 192 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 +184 396 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 408 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) +184 408 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F -(with embedded ne)184 204 Q +(with embedded ne)184 420 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 216 Q F0 .486 +(login_shell)144 432 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -228 R F3(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 240 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 252 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 -264 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +444 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 456 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 468 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 +480 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 276 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F2(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 288 -Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 300 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 +-.1(wa)184 492 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 504 +Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 (is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F3 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 312 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 324 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 336 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 528 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 540 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 552 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 348 S +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 564 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 360 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -372 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 576 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +588 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +F .551(while e)184 600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 396 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 408 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 420 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) +(wo)184 612 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 624 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 636 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 648 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) 3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) 3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 444 S +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 660 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -456 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -468 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 +672 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +684 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 (ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 480 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 492 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 504 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 516 -S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F3(PR)2.67 E -(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 528 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 540 -S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 -(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 552 R F3 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 564 Q 2.86 -(w\). 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Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 -(primaries described abo)144 120 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F -(y)-.15 E(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 132 Q -(gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 150 R .785 +(primaries described abo)144 369.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 381.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 399.6 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 162 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(dence. The)144 411.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 174 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 186 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 186 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.) --.1 E F1(\()144 198 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 -(Returns the v)180 198 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 -5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 210 Q F2 -.2(ex) -144 222 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 234 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 246 S(pr1).2 E -F02.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 258 S -(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 274.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E -F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(used when there are \214v)144 423.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 435.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 435.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 447.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 447.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 459.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 471.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 483.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 495.6 S +(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 +507.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 524.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 292.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 304.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 316.8 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 328.8 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 542.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 554.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 566.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 578.4 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 340.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 352.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 590.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 602.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 364.8 R .38 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 614.4 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 376.8 Q .552 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 626.4 Q .552 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 388.8 Q +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 638.4 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 400.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 412.8 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 650.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 662.4 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 424.8 R 1.155 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 436.8 R .578(xpression i\ +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 674.4 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 686.4 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 448.8 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 +(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 698.4 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 E F0(and)3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 460.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +(three ar)180 710.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F (o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 -472.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 +722.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 (gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) -3.021 F(ar)180 484.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 -E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 -(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 496.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -508.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 520.8 R -.384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 -(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar) -.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648 -(posed of the remaining ar)180 532.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -544.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 556.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 568.8 R 1.635 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -580.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 598.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 615.6 Q F0 -1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 615.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 -627.6 Q F1(trap)108 644.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command) -144 656.4 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.203(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G -(f)-5.703 E F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609 -(absent \(and there is a single)144 668.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 -(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 -(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 680.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 692.4 Q F0 .581 -(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 -(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 704.4 R -F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 716.4 R F13.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 -(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 4.326 -(signal. The)144 728.4 R F14.326 E F0 1.826(option causes the she\ -ll to print a list of signal names and their corresponding)4.326 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(73)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +3.021 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(73)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.126 -(numbers. Each)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.466 E F0 .625 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.436 F F1(signal.h)A F0 .625 -(>, or a signal number)B 5.625(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-5.625 E -(names are case insensiti)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a) -144 114 R F1(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 -(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.649(If a)6.649 F F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 126 Q(UG) --.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F1(ar) -3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.167(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F1(case)3.667 E F0 -(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 138 Q F1(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)180 84 Q .485 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\))2.985 E F0 +2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 108 S +-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 120 R .384 +(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne) +-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e) +-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 +132 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 144 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 156 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 +E 1.635(The e)180 168 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F +(abo)180 180 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 198 Q F1(test) +2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 214.8 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)144 214.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 +226.8 Q F1(trap)108 243.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E .702(The command)144 255.6 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 +(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2 +(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +144 267.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E +F0 3.108(,e)C .608 +(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F +.658(\(the v)144 279.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 291.6 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 303.6 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 315.6 R F13.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 +(signal. The)144 327.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 339.6 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +(names are case insensiti)144 351.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648 +(If a)144 369.6 R F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 +1.648(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) +4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.) +-.15 F 1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 +381.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F +F2(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0 +(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 393.6 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e) +2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 150 R F2 .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 405.6 R F3 .146 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb) -2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 162 Q F4(shopt)3.2 E -F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 -F F4(DEB)3.2 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E -F0(is)3.51 E F2(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 -174 Q F1(ar)3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 417.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 +(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 429.6 Q F2(ar) +3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted with the).15 F F4(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F4(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 186 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 204 R F1(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F2(ERR) -3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961 -(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461 -(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(single s\ -imple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e) -144 216 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 228 R -.451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 441.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 459.6 R F2(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E +F3(ERR)3.46 E F4(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ +gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ +ro e)144 471.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 +483.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 (trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 (ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 -(mand list immediately follo)144 240 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F4(while)2.888 -E F0(or)2.888 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E F0 .387 -(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(mand list immediately follo)144 495.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 507.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 -3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 264 R 1.28 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 -F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) -3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 276 Q(yed by the) --.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4A F0 2.5(\)o)C -(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 519.6 R +1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) +-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F +F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 531.6 Q +(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -294 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 306 R .662 +549.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 561.6 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 318 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 -E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 -334.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 346.8 S .173 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1(name) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 573.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 +590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 602.4 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) 3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F4144 358.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F4(type)3.343 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 370.8 Q F0 .086 +F1144 614.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 626.4 Q F0 .086 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 382.8 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 638.4 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F42.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F4(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 394.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 650.4 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 406.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F43.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F2 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .112(search for each)144 418.8 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 +144 662.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F13.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .112(search for each)144 674.4 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 (ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 --.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) -.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F42.613 E -F0(and)144 430.8 Q F43.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F +-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) +.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F12.613 E +F0(and)144 686.4 Q F13.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) --.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F4 -144 442.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F4(type)4.248 E F0 +-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F1 +144 698.4 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E -.744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 454.8 R F4 +1.748(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E +.744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 710.4 R F1 3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743 (The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 466.8 R F43.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F43.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) -144 478.8 R F4(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type) -5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 -(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 490.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 507.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 -(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -519.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 -(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 -(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 531.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F43.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F43.444 E F0 .943 -(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 543.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 -(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 555.6 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F42.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F42.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -567.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 -(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 579.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F4 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) -C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 591.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 -(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 603.6 R F42.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 -(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 615.6 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4 -144 627.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 627.6 Q F4 -144 639.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 639.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F4144 651.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 651.6 Q F4144 663.6 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 663.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4144 675.6 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 675.6 Q F4144 -687.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -687.6 Q F4144 699.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -699.6 Q F4144 711.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 711.6 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(74)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +144 722.4 R F13.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F(GNU Bash 4.4) +72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(74)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 84 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 96 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 96 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 108 Q F0 .791(The \ -maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)180 -108 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F(be set\)) -180 120 Q F1144 132 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 132 Q F1 -144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -180 144 Q F1144 156 Q F0 -(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 156 Q F1144 168 Q -F0(The maximum stack size)180 168 Q F1144 180 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 180 Q F1144 192 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 192 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 204 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 204 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 216 -Q F1144 228 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 228 Q F1 -144 240 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 240 Q F1 -144 252 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 252 Q(If)144 268.8 -Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve) --.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468 -(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F -2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 -E .045(no option is gi)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .326(with the)144 +84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E +F1(type)5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 96 Q F1(ulimit)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 124.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F +.944(that allo)144 136.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 +(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) +144 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 160.8 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +172.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F +.742(of the special v)144 184.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 196.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 +F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 208.8 R F12.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 +(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 220.8 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 +144 232.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 232.8 Q F1 +144 244.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 244.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F1144 256.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 256.8 Q F1144 268.8 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 268.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 280.8 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 280.8 Q F1144 +292.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +292.8 Q F1144 304.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +304.8 Q F1144 316.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 316.8 Q F1 +144 328.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 328.8 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 340.8 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 340.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 352.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +180 352.8 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 364.8 Q F1144 376.8 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 376.8 Q F1 +144 388.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 388.8 Q F1 +144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 400.8 +Q F1144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 412.8 Q F1144 +424.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 424.8 Q F1 +144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 436.8 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 448.8 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 448.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 +460.8 Q F1144 472.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 +472.8 Q F1144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 +484.8 Q F1144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 496.8 Q +(If)144 513.6 Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 +(no option is gi)144 525.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 +2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 -292.8 R F14.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +537.6 R F14.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 (hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C -1.589(hich are)-4.089 F 1.439(unscaled v)144 304.8 R 1.439 +1.589(hich are)-4.089 F 1.439(unscaled v)144 549.6 R 1.439 (alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F13.939 E F0(and)3.939 E F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.438(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 316.8 R +-3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 561.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -328.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +573.6 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 357.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 602.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 369.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -381.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +pted by)144 614.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +626.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 393.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 638.4 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 405.6 Q F0 .552 +(mode)144.38 650.4 Q F0 .552 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 417.6 Q +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 662.4 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 434.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 446.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 679.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 691.2 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 458.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 475.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 487.2 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 -3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 -(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 499.2 Q F0 1.55 -(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 511.2 R F1 -4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 -2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 523.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 -2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 -(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 -(be unset rather than the v)144 535.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 -F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 -(options are supplied, each)144 547.2 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 -(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 -(tion with that name is unset.)144 559.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G -1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 571.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 -(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 -E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 583.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E -F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 -595.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 -G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 612 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 624 S .026(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its\ - termination status.).8 F(Each)5.027 E F2(n)2.887 E F0 .027 -(may be a process ID)2.767 F .256 -(or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -.256(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G .256 -(ipeline are w)-2.756 F .256(aited for)-.1 F 5.256(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.256 E -F2(n)3.116 E F0 .317(is not gi)144 648 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .317 -(n, all currently acti).15 F .618 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .318 -(hild processes are w).15 F .318(aited for)-.1 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G .318 -(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .318(If the)5.318 F F1144 -660 Q F0 .362(option is supplied,)2.862 F F1(wait)2.862 E F0 -.1(wa) -2.862 G .362(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 -(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .361(xit status.)-.15 F(If) -5.361 E F2(n)3.221 E F0(speci\214es)3.101 E 2.595(an)144 672 S(on-e) --2.595 E .095(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F -.096(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .096(xit status)-.15 -F(of the last process or job w)144 684 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 700.8 Q F0(If)108 712.8 Q F1 -(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 E -F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.896 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 724.8 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(75)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) +141.79 E(75)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(beha)108 84 Q -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) -2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E -(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 100.8 Q -(changing directories with)144 100.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 117.6 Q -(setting or unsetting the v)144 117.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2 -.666(PA)2.25 -G(TH)-.189 E F3(,)A F2(ENV)2.25 E F3(,)A F0(or)2.25 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G -(SH_ENV).27 E F0<83>108 134.4 Q(specifying command names containing)144 -134.4 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 151.2 Q -(specifying a \214lename containing a)144 151.2 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(unset)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 +96 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 3.828(,r).18 G(emo) +-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327 +(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327(If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 +1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name) +144.36 108 Q F0 1.55(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551 +(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F +4.642(unset. If)144 120 R F14.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each) +4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141 +(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 F +(remo)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 +2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 +(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 +(be unset rather than the v)144 144 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 F +F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 +2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 +(options are supplied, each)144 156 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 +(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 +(tion with that name is unset.)144 168 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G +1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 180 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706(yo) +-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E +/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 192 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E +F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 +F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 204 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G +(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) +-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 220.8 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 +(Wa)144 232.8 S .026(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ +ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.027 E F2(n)2.887 E F0 .027 +(may be a process ID)2.767 F .256 +(or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 +G .256(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G .256 +(ipeline are w)-2.756 F .256(aited for)-.1 F 5.256(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.256 E +F2(n)3.116 E F0 .317(is not gi)144 256.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .317 +(n, all currently acti).15 F .618 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .318 +(hild processes are w).15 F .318(aited for)-.1 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G .318 +(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .318(If the)5.318 F F1144 +268.8 Q F0 .362(option is supplied,)2.862 F F1(wait)2.862 E F0 -.1(wa) +2.862 G .362(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 +(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .361(xit status.)-.15 F(If) +5.361 E F2(n)3.221 E F0(speci\214es)3.101 E 2.595(an)144 280.8 S(on-e) +-2.595 E .095(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F +.096(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .096(xit status)-.15 +F(of the last process or job w)144 292.8 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 309.6 Q F0(If)108 321.6 Q F1 +(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 E +F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.896 +(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. 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If EEDDIITTOORR is not set, bbaasshhbbuugg - defaults to eemmaaccss. + EEDDIITTOORR Specifies the preferred editor. If EEDDIITTOORR is not set, bbaasshhbbuugg + attempts to locate a number of alternative editors, including + eemmaaccss, and defaults to vvii. 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2.827(.I)-.55 G(f)-2.827 E F4(EDIT)2.827 E(OR)-.162 E F0 .327 +(is not set,)2.577 F F2(bashb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .328 +(attempts to locate a number of alter)2.827 F(-)-.2 E(nati)144 324 Q .3 +-.15(ve e)-.25 H(ditors, including).15 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C +(nd def)-2.5 E(aults to)-.1 E F2(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(HOME)108 340.8 Q F0 +(Directory in which the f)144 352.8 Q(ailed b)-.1 E(ug report is sa)-.2 +E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(di).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he mail f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E +F2(TMPDIR)108 369.6 Q F0 (Directory in which to create temporary \214les and directories.)144 -369.6 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 386.4 Q F3(bash)108 398.4 Q F0(\(1\))A F1 -.548 -(AU)72 415.2 S(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 427.2 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E -(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 439.2 Q(g)-.18 E -(Chet Rame)108 456 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 +381.6 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 398.4 Q F3(bash)108 410.4 Q F0(\(1\))A F1 -.548 +(AU)72 427.2 S(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 439.2 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E +(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 451.2 Q(g)-.18 E +(Chet Rame)108 468 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet@po.cwru.edu) -108 468 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(1998 July 30)148.175 E(1)203.165 E 0 Cg -EP +108 480 Q(GNU Bash-4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 15)138.46 E(1)193.45 E 0 +Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index b5439e53..5e646fbb 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.dvi and b/doc/bashref.dvi differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 5169a646..24803173 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@