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commit bash-20120204 snapshot

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This commit is contained in:
Chet Ramey
2012-03-05 21:14:50 -05:00
parent a1128d1b12
commit abe2eb5be8
74 changed files with 91515 additions and 23733 deletions
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@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
.\" Last Change: Sun Jan 29 21:16:46 EST 2012
.\" Last Change: Sat Feb 4 17:32:13 EST 2012
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
.TH BASH 1 "2012 January 29" "GNU Bash 4.2"
.TH BASH 1 "2012 February 4" "GNU Bash 4.2"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -5283,6 +5283,19 @@ the value of
.B editing\-mode
also affects the default keymap.
.TP
.B keyseq\-timeout (500)
Specifies the duration \fIreadline\fP will wait for a character when reading an
ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using
the input read so far, or can take additional input to complete a longer
key sequence).
If no input is received within the timeout, \fIreadline\fP will use the shorter
but complete key sequence.
The value is specified in milliseconds, so a value of 1000 means that
\fIreadline\fP will wait one second for additional input.
If this variable is set to a value less than or equal to zero, or to a
non-numeric value, \fIreadline\fP will wait until another key is pressed to
decide which key sequence to complete.
.TP
.B mark\-directories (On)
If set to \fBOn\fP, completed directory names have a slash
appended.
doc/bash.1~
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@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2011 December 24<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2012 January 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
<H3>COPYRIGHT</H3>
Bash is Copyright &#169; 1989-2011 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Bash is Copyright &#169; 1989-2012 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
<H3>DESCRIPTION</H3>
@@ -4312,8 +4312,13 @@ may be
<I>redirected</I>
using a special notation interpreted by the shell.
Redirection may also be used to open and close files for the
current shell execution environment. The following redirection
Redirection allows commands' file handles to be
duplicated, opened, closed,
made to refer to different files,
and can change the files the command reads from and writes to.
Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
current shell execution environment.
The following redirection
operators may precede or appear anywhere within a
<I>simple command</I>
@@ -5189,7 +5194,8 @@ Otherwise, numbers take the form [<I>base#</I>]n, where the optional <I>base</I>
is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic
base, and <I>n</I> is a number in that base.
If <I>base#</I> is omitted, then base 10 is used.
The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters,
When specifying <I>n</I>,
the digits greater&lt; than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters,
the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order.
If <I>base</I> is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10
@@ -6676,6 +6682,13 @@ If set to <B>audible</B>, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
If set to <B>On</B>, readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their readline
equivalents.
<DT><B>colored-stats (Off)</B>
<DD>
If set to <B>On</B>, readline displays possible completions using different
colors to indicate their file type.
The color definitions are taken from the value of the <B>LS_COLORS</B>
environment variable.
<DT><B>comment-begin (``#'')</B>
<DD>
@@ -11552,23 +11565,24 @@ If set,
<B>bash</B>
changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted
arguments to the <B>[[</B> conditional command's <B>=~</B> operator.
arguments to the <B>[[</B> conditional command's <B>=~</B> operator
and locale-specific string comparison when using the <B>[[</B>
conditional command's <B>&lt;</B> and <B>&gt;</B> operators.
Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and
<I>strcmp</I>(3);
bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and
<I>strcoll</I>(3).
<DT><B>compat32</B>
<DD>
If set,
<B>bash</B>
changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific
string comparison when using the <B>[[</B>
conditional command's <B>&lt;</B> and <B>&gt;</B> operators.
Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and
<I>strcmp</I>(3);
bash-4.1 and later
use the current locale's collation sequence and
<I>strcoll</I>(3).
changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to
locale-specific string comparison when using the <B>[[</B>
conditional command's <B>&lt;</B> and <B>&gt;</B> operators (see previous item).
<DT><B>compat40</B>
<DD>
@@ -11577,8 +11591,11 @@ If set,
changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific
string comparison when using the <B>[[</B>
conditional command's <B>&lt;</B> and <B>&gt;</B> operators (see previous item)
conditional command's <B>&lt;</B> and <B>&gt;</B> operators (see description of
<B>compat31</B>)
and the effect of interrupting a command list.
Bash versions 4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell received the
interrupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list.
<DT><B>compat41</B>
<DD>
@@ -12899,7 +12916,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2011 December 24<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2012 January 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
@@ -13005,6 +13022,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
Time: 29 December 2011 15:07:27 EST
Time: 30 January 2012 10:38:37 EST
</BODY>
</HTML>
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@@ -126,9 +126,9 @@
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.2}
@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{32}
@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{32}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{32}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-title}{Command Execution Environment}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.3}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{33}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{33}
@xrdef{Environment-title}{Environment}
@xrdef{Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.4}
@@ -264,9 +264,9 @@
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{100}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.2}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{106}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.3}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{107}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{107}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4}
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@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@
\entry{matching, pattern}{27}{matching, pattern}
\entry{redirection}{28}{redirection}
\entry{command expansion}{32}{command expansion}
\entry{command execution}{32}{command execution}
\entry{command search}{32}{command search}
\entry{command execution}{33}{command execution}
\entry{command search}{33}{command search}
\entry{execution environment}{33}{execution environment}
\entry{environment}{34}{environment}
\entry{exit status}{35}{exit status}
doc/bashref.cps
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@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
\entry {builtin}{3}
\initial {C}
\entry {command editing}{98}
\entry {command execution}{32}
\entry {command execution}{33}
\entry {command expansion}{32}
\entry {command history}{129}
\entry {command search}{32}
\entry {command search}{33}
\entry {command substitution}{25}
\entry {command timing}{8}
\entry {commands, compound}{9}
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@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
/usr/src/local/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 29 December 2011).
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 29 January 2012).
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 29 December 2011, of `The GNU Bash
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 29 January 2012, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1988-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ Bash Features
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 29 December 2011).
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 29 January 2012).
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 29 December 2011, of `The GNU Bash
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 29 January 2012, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -1966,11 +1966,14 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Redirections, Next: Executing Commands, Prev: Shell
================
Before a command is executed, its input and output may be REDIRECTED
using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may
also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution
environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear
anywhere within a simple command or may follow a command. Redirections
are processed in the order they appear, from left to right.
using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows
commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer
to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and
writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
current shell execution environment. The following redirection
operators may precede or appear anywhere within a simple command or may
follow a command. Redirections are processed in the order they appear,
from left to right.
Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number
may instead be preceded by a word of the form {VARNAME}. In this case,
@@ -4063,21 +4066,26 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior.
`compat31'
If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with
respect to quoted arguments to the conditional command's `=~'
operator.
operator and with respect to locale-specific string
comparison when using the `[[' conditional command's `<' and
`>' operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII
collation and strcmp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3).
`compat32'
If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with
respect to locale-specific string comparison when using the
`[[' conditional command's `<' and `>' operators. Bash
versions prior to bash-4.0 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3);
bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation
sequence and strcoll(3).
`[[' conditional command's `<' and `>' operators (see
previous item).
`compat40'
If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with
respect to locale-specific string comparison when using the
`[[' conditional command's `<' and `>' operators (see
previous item) and the effect of interrupting a command list.
description of `compat31') and the effect of interrupting a
command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later interrupt the list
as if the shell received the interrupt; previous versions
continue with the next command in the list.
`compat41'
If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a
@@ -5627,12 +5635,12 @@ its INTEGER attribute turned on to be used in an expression.
Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A
leading `0x' or `0X' denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the
form [BASE`#']N, where the optional BASE is a decimal number between 2
and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and N is a number in that
base. If BASE`#' is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater
than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters,
`@', and `_', in that order. If BASE is less than or equal to 36,
lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to
represent numbers between 10 and 35.
and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and N is a number in that base.
If BASE`#' is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying N, he
digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the
uppercase letters, `@', and `_', in that order. If BASE is less than
or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase letters may be used
interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.
Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
@@ -6244,6 +6252,11 @@ startup files.
interrupt the `wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately.
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
50. The `read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing
`read', the trap handler executes and `read' returns an exit
status greater than 128.
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by
default even when in POSIX mode. Specifically:
@@ -6867,6 +6880,12 @@ Variable Settings
characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver
to their Readline equivalents.
`colored-stats'
If set to `on', Readline displays possible completions using
different colors to indicate their file type. The color
definitions are taken from the value of the `LS_COLORS'
environment variable. The default is `off'.
`comment-begin'
The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the
`insert-comment' command is executed. The default value is
@@ -10405,9 +10424,11 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
(line 45)
* CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 9)
* colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 50)
* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 143)
* comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 50)
(line 56)
* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 148)
* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 177)
* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 154)
@@ -10416,31 +10437,31 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 181)
* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 187)
* completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 55)
(line 61)
* completion-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 62)
(line 68)
* completion-map-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 67)
* completion-prefix-display-length: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 73)
* completion-prefix-display-length: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 79)
* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 80)
(line 86)
* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 195)
* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 90)
(line 96)
* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 201)
* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 205)
* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 96)
(line 102)
* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 101)
(line 107)
* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 215)
* enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 112)
(line 118)
* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 220)
* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 224)
* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 123)
(line 129)
* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 228)
* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 232)
* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 238)
@@ -10454,15 +10475,15 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 313)
* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 324)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 127)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 133)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 139)
* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 343)
* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 350)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 138)
(line 144)
* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 359)
* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 370)
* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 373)
@@ -10470,12 +10491,12 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
(line 18)
* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 376)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 145)
(line 151)
* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 386)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 152)
(line 158)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 159)
(line 165)
* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 390)
* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 394)
* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 398)
@@ -10493,15 +10514,15 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
(line 27)
* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 439)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 172)
(line 178)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 177)
(line 183)
* match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 182)
(line 188)
* menu-complete-display-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 189)
(line 195)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 145)
(line 151)
* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 443)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 34)
@@ -10510,9 +10531,9 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
(line 38)
* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 450)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 194)
(line 200)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 199)
(line 205)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 42)
* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 453)
@@ -10532,17 +10553,17 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 504)
* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 508)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 209)
(line 215)
* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 511)
* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 517)
* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 522)
* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 531)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 215)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 221)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 227)
* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 230)
(line 236)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 536)
@@ -10550,7 +10571,7 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 586)
* UID: Bash Variables. (line 590)
* visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 243)
(line 249)

File: bashref.info, Node: Function Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Variable Index, Up: Indexes
@@ -10823,134 +10844,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index

Tag Table:
Node: Top1354
Node: Introduction3194
Node: What is Bash?3422
Node: What is a shell?4535
Node: Definitions7074
Node: Basic Shell Features9992
Node: Shell Syntax11211
Node: Shell Operation12241
Node: Quoting13535
Node: Escape Character14838
Node: Single Quotes15323
Node: Double Quotes15671
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16796
Node: Locale Translation18040
Node: Comments18936
Node: Shell Commands19554
Node: Simple Commands20426
Node: Pipelines21057
Node: Lists23756
Node: Compound Commands25485
Node: Looping Constructs26491
Node: Conditional Constructs28954
Node: Command Grouping39658
Node: Coprocesses41137
Node: GNU Parallel42811
Node: Shell Functions45279
Node: Shell Parameters50363
Node: Positional Parameters52968
Node: Special Parameters53868
Node: Shell Expansions56832
Node: Brace Expansion58758
Node: Tilde Expansion61512
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion63861
Node: Command Substitution73209
Node: Arithmetic Expansion74542
Node: Process Substitution75392
Node: Word Splitting76442
Node: Filename Expansion78065
Node: Pattern Matching80230
Node: Quote Removal83930
Node: Redirections84225
Node: Executing Commands93265
Node: Simple Command Expansion93935
Node: Command Search and Execution95865
Node: Command Execution Environment98202
Node: Environment101188
Node: Exit Status102847
Node: Signals104469
Node: Shell Scripts106437
Node: Shell Builtin Commands108955
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins110983
Node: Bash Builtins130364
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior156978
Node: The Set Builtin157323
Node: The Shopt Builtin167071
Node: Special Builtins180772
Node: Shell Variables181751
Node: Bourne Shell Variables182191
Node: Bash Variables184222
Node: Bash Features209733
Node: Invoking Bash210632
Node: Bash Startup Files216410
Node: Interactive Shells221429
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?221839
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?222488
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior223303
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions226583
Node: Shell Arithmetic230371
Node: Aliases233130
Node: Arrays235686
Node: The Directory Stack239894
Node: Directory Stack Builtins240613
Node: Controlling the Prompt243569
Node: The Restricted Shell246341
Node: Bash POSIX Mode248178
Node: Job Control257326
Node: Job Control Basics257786
Node: Job Control Builtins262505
Node: Job Control Variables266857
Node: Command Line Editing268015
Node: Introduction and Notation269687
Node: Readline Interaction271309
Node: Readline Bare Essentials272500
Node: Readline Movement Commands274289
Node: Readline Killing Commands275254
Node: Readline Arguments277174
Node: Searching278218
Node: Readline Init File280404
Node: Readline Init File Syntax281551
Node: Conditional Init Constructs296893
Node: Sample Init File299426
Node: Bindable Readline Commands302543
Node: Commands For Moving303750
Node: Commands For History304894
Node: Commands For Text309079
Node: Commands For Killing311752
Node: Numeric Arguments314209
Node: Commands For Completion315348
Node: Keyboard Macros319540
Node: Miscellaneous Commands320228
Node: Readline vi Mode326034
Node: Programmable Completion326941
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins334191
Node: A Programmable Completion Example343937
Node: Using History Interactively349187
Node: Bash History Facilities349871
Node: Bash History Builtins352862
Node: History Interaction356790
Node: Event Designators359495
Node: Word Designators360717
Node: Modifiers362356
Node: Installing Bash363760
Node: Basic Installation364897
Node: Compilers and Options367589
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures368330
Node: Installation Names369994
Node: Specifying the System Type370812
Node: Sharing Defaults371528
Node: Operation Controls372201
Node: Optional Features373159
Node: Reporting Bugs382731
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell383932
Node: GNU Free Documentation License400624
Node: Indexes425820
Node: Builtin Index426274
Node: Reserved Word Index433101
Node: Variable Index435549
Node: Function Index448644
Node: Concept Index455872
Node: Top1348
Node: Introduction3186
Node: What is Bash?3414
Node: What is a shell?4527
Node: Definitions7066
Node: Basic Shell Features9984
Node: Shell Syntax11203
Node: Shell Operation12233
Node: Quoting13527
Node: Escape Character14830
Node: Single Quotes15315
Node: Double Quotes15663
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16788
Node: Locale Translation18032
Node: Comments18928
Node: Shell Commands19546
Node: Simple Commands20418
Node: Pipelines21049
Node: Lists23748
Node: Compound Commands25477
Node: Looping Constructs26483
Node: Conditional Constructs28946
Node: Command Grouping39650
Node: Coprocesses41129
Node: GNU Parallel42803
Node: Shell Functions45271
Node: Shell Parameters50355
Node: Positional Parameters52960
Node: Special Parameters53860
Node: Shell Expansions56824
Node: Brace Expansion58750
Node: Tilde Expansion61504
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion63853
Node: Command Substitution73201
Node: Arithmetic Expansion74534
Node: Process Substitution75384
Node: Word Splitting76434
Node: Filename Expansion78057
Node: Pattern Matching80222
Node: Quote Removal83922
Node: Redirections84217
Node: Executing Commands93429
Node: Simple Command Expansion94099
Node: Command Search and Execution96029
Node: Command Execution Environment98366
Node: Environment101352
Node: Exit Status103011
Node: Signals104633
Node: Shell Scripts106601
Node: Shell Builtin Commands109119
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins111147
Node: Bash Builtins130528
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior157142
Node: The Set Builtin157487
Node: The Shopt Builtin167235
Node: Special Builtins181286
Node: Shell Variables182265
Node: Bourne Shell Variables182705
Node: Bash Variables184736
Node: Bash Features210247
Node: Invoking Bash211146
Node: Bash Startup Files216924
Node: Interactive Shells221943
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?222353
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?223002
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior223817
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions227097
Node: Shell Arithmetic230885
Node: Aliases233661
Node: Arrays236217
Node: The Directory Stack240425
Node: Directory Stack Builtins241144
Node: Controlling the Prompt244100
Node: The Restricted Shell246872
Node: Bash POSIX Mode248709
Node: Job Control258096
Node: Job Control Basics258556
Node: Job Control Builtins263275
Node: Job Control Variables267627
Node: Command Line Editing268785
Node: Introduction and Notation270457
Node: Readline Interaction272079
Node: Readline Bare Essentials273270
Node: Readline Movement Commands275059
Node: Readline Killing Commands276024
Node: Readline Arguments277944
Node: Searching278988
Node: Readline Init File281174
Node: Readline Init File Syntax282321
Node: Conditional Init Constructs297943
Node: Sample Init File300476
Node: Bindable Readline Commands303593
Node: Commands For Moving304800
Node: Commands For History305944
Node: Commands For Text310129
Node: Commands For Killing312802
Node: Numeric Arguments315259
Node: Commands For Completion316398
Node: Keyboard Macros320590
Node: Miscellaneous Commands321278
Node: Readline vi Mode327084
Node: Programmable Completion327991
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins335241
Node: A Programmable Completion Example344987
Node: Using History Interactively350237
Node: Bash History Facilities350921
Node: Bash History Builtins353912
Node: History Interaction357840
Node: Event Designators360545
Node: Word Designators361767
Node: Modifiers363406
Node: Installing Bash364810
Node: Basic Installation365947
Node: Compilers and Options368639
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures369380
Node: Installation Names371044
Node: Specifying the System Type371862
Node: Sharing Defaults372578
Node: Operation Controls373251
Node: Optional Features374209
Node: Reporting Bugs383781
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell384982
Node: GNU Free Documentation License401674
Node: Indexes426870
Node: Builtin Index427324
Node: Reserved Word Index434151
Node: Variable Index436599
Node: Function Index449835
Node: Concept Index457063

End Tag Table
doc/bashref.log
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
This is TeX, Version 3.1415926 (TeX Live 2010/Fink) (format=tex 2011.12.21) 29 DEC 2011 15:52
**/usr/src/local/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi
(/usr/src/local/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex
This is TeX, Version 3.1415926 (TeX Live 2010/Fink) (format=tex 2011.12.21) 30 JAN 2012 10:38
**/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi
(/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex
Loading texinfo [version 2009-01-18.17]:
\bindingoffset=\dimen16
\normaloffset=\dimen17
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ arallel -k traceroute[]
[16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30]
[31] [32] [33] [34] [35] Chapter 4 [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43]
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Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3567--3580
@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
[44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58]
[59] [60]
Underfull \hbox (badness 5460) in paragraph at lines 4814--4820
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[]@textrm If set, range ex-pres-sions used in pat-tern match-ing (see
@hbox(8.2125+2.73749)x433.62, glue set 3.79674
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ Underfull \hbox (badness 5460) in paragraph at lines 4814--4820
[61] [62] Chapter 5 [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73]
Chapter 6 [74]
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Overfull \hbox (51.96864pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5723--5723
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5714--5714
Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5724--5724
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt
] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar
-
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5714--5714
.etc.
Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5715--5715
Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5725--5725
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text
tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
[75] [76]
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[]@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from
the file
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ the file
.etc.
[77] [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90]
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@textrm `@texttt --enable-strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[] to @texttt configur
e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
@@ -324,9 +324,9 @@ e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
.etc.
Chapter 7 [91] [92] [93] [94] [95]
(/usr/src/local/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8
[96] [97] [98] [99] [100] [101] [102]
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[97] [98] [99] [100] [101] [102]
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@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
.etc.
[103] [104] [105] [106] [107]
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[]@texttt Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is i
gnored[]
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ gnored[]
[108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119]
[120] [121]
Overfull \hbox (12.05716pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1844--1844
Overfull \hbox (12.05716pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1852--1852
[]@texttt complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o @textttsl comp-option@texttt ] [-DE] [-
A @textttsl ac-tion@texttt ] [-
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ A @textttsl ac-tion@texttt ] [-
.etc.
[122]
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@texttt hostname[]@textrm Hostnames, as taken from the file spec-i-fied by
@hbox(7.60416+2.12917)x433.62, glue set 3.02202
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ Underfull \hbox (badness 2753) in paragraph at lines 1958--1961
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[123] [124] [125]
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[] @texttt # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full p
athname[]
@@ -390,10 +390,10 @@ athname[]
.@penalty 10000
.etc.
[126]) (/usr/src/local/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi
Chapter 9 [127] [128] [129] [130] [131] [132]) Chapter 10 [133] [134] [135]
[136] [137]
Underfull \hbox (badness 2772) in paragraph at lines 7683--7687
[126]) (/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
[127] [128] [129] [130] [131] [132]) Chapter 10 [133] [134] [135] [136]
[137]
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[]@textrm Enable sup-port for large files (@texttt http://www.sas.com/standard
s/large_
@@ -412,11 +412,11 @@ s/large_
[165] [166] )
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
2084 strings out of 497974
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2900 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+200000
32127 words of font info for 112 fonts, out of 3000000 for 9000
51 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
16i,6n,14p,323b,705s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,50000s
16i,6n,14p,319b,705s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,50000s
Output written on bashref.dvi (172 pages, 700136 bytes).
Output written on bashref.dvi (172 pages, 701644 bytes).
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.
Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
doc/bashref.toc
+5 -5
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@@ -39,18 +39,18 @@
@numsubsecentry{Quote Removal}{3.5.9}{Quote Removal}{28}
@numsecentry{Redirections}{3.6}{Redirections}{28}
@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Input}{3.6.1}{}{29}
@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3.6.2}{}{29}
@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3.6.2}{}{30}
@numsubsecentry{Appending Redirected Output}{3.6.3}{}{30}
@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.4}{}{30}
@numsubsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.5}{}{30}
@numsubsecentry{Here Documents}{3.6.6}{}{30}
@numsubsecentry{Here Documents}{3.6.6}{}{31}
@numsubsecentry{Here Strings}{3.6.7}{}{31}
@numsubsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3.6.8}{}{31}
@numsubsecentry{Moving File Descriptors}{3.6.9}{}{31}
@numsubsecentry{Moving File Descriptors}{3.6.9}{}{32}
@numsubsecentry{Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing}{3.6.10}{}{32}
@numsecentry{Executing Commands}{3.7}{Executing Commands}{32}
@numsubsecentry{Simple Command Expansion}{3.7.1}{Simple Command Expansion}{32}
@numsubsecentry{Command Search and Execution}{3.7.2}{Command Search and Execution}{32}
@numsubsecentry{Command Search and Execution}{3.7.2}{Command Search and Execution}{33}
@numsubsecentry{Command Execution Environment}{3.7.3}{Command Execution Environment}{33}
@numsubsecentry{Environment}{3.7.4}{Environment}{34}
@numsubsecentry{Exit Status}{3.7.5}{Exit Status}{35}
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8.2.5}{Searching}{99}
@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{8.3}{Readline Init File}{100}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{100}
@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{106}
@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{107}
@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{8.3.3}{Sample Init File}{107}
@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{110}
@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{110}
doc/bashref.vr
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@@ -107,18 +107,19 @@
\entry{auto_resume}{96}{\code {auto_resume}}
\entry{bell-style}{101}{\code {bell-style}}
\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{101}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
\entry{colored-stats}{101}{\code {colored-stats}}
\entry{comment-begin}{101}{\code {comment-begin}}
\entry{completion-display-width}{101}{\code {completion-display-width}}
\entry{completion-ignore-case}{101}{\code {completion-ignore-case}}
\entry{completion-map-case}{101}{\code {completion-map-case}}
\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{101}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}
\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{102}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}
\entry{completion-query-items}{102}{\code {completion-query-items}}
\entry{convert-meta}{102}{\code {convert-meta}}
\entry{disable-completion}{102}{\code {disable-completion}}
\entry{editing-mode}{102}{\code {editing-mode}}
\entry{enable-keypad}{102}{\code {enable-keypad}}
\entry{expand-tilde}{102}{\code {expand-tilde}}
\entry{history-preserve-point}{102}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
\entry{history-preserve-point}{103}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
\entry{history-size}{103}{\code {history-size}}
\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{103}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
\entry{input-meta}{103}{\code {input-meta}}
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@
\entry{keymap}{103}{\code {keymap}}
\entry{mark-modified-lines}{103}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{103}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
\entry{match-hidden-files}{103}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
\entry{match-hidden-files}{104}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{104}{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}
\entry{output-meta}{104}{\code {output-meta}}
\entry{page-completions}{104}{\code {page-completions}}
doc/bashref.vrs
+4 -3
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@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
\entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{101}
\initial {C}
\entry {\code {CDPATH}}{65}
\entry {\code {colored-stats}}{101}
\entry {\code {COLUMNS}}{68}
\entry {\code {comment-begin}}{101}
\entry {\code {COMP_CWORD}}{68}
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@
\entry {\code {completion-display-width}}{101}
\entry {\code {completion-ignore-case}}{101}
\entry {\code {completion-map-case}}{101}
\entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{101}
\entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{102}
\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{102}
\entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{69}
\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{102}
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@
\entry {\code {HISTFILE}}{70}
\entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{70}
\entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{70}
\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{102}
\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{103}
\entry {\code {history-size}}{103}
\entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{71}
\entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{71}
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@
\entry {\code {MAPFILE}}{72}
\entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{103}
\entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{103}
\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{103}
\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{104}
\entry {\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}{104}
\entry {\code {meta-flag}}{103}
\initial {O}
doc/builtins.0
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@@ -1257,174 +1257,179 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
ccoommppaatt3311
If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional
command's ==~~ operator.
command's ==~~ operator and locale-specific string compar-
ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >>
operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII
collation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the cur-
rent locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3).
ccoommppaatt3322
If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators.
Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and
_s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's
collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3).
using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators
(see previous item).
ccoommppaatt4400
If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators
(see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
command list.
(see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter-
rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later
interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter-
rupt; previous versions continue with the next command
in the list.
ccoommppaatt4411
If set, bbaasshh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote
in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
If set, bbaasshh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote
in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
as in previous versions.
ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee
If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
names and directory names when performing completion.
If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
in shell variable references in words to be completed.
This means that dollar signs in variable names that
expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
either. This is active only when bash is using back-
slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
in shell variable references in words to be completed.
This means that dollar signs in variable names that
expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
either. This is active only when bash is using back-
slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
ddiirreexxppaanndd
If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results
of word expansion when performing filename completion.
If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results
of word expansion when performing filename completion.
This changes the contents of the readline editing
buffer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the
buffer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
ddiirrssppeellll
If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory
names during word completion if the directory name ini-
If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory
names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
eexxeeccffaaiill
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
not execute the file specified as an argument to the
eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
not execute the file specified as an argument to the
eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if eexxeecc fails.
eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess
If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
eexxttddeebbuugg
If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to
33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to
rreettuurrnn is simulated.
44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described
44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps.
66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
shell functions, and subshells invoked with ((
66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
shell functions, and subshells invoked with ((
_c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap.
eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled.
eexxttqquuoottee
If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed
within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double
If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed
within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
ffaaiillgglloobb
If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree
If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell
variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell
variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a
description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by
description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by
default.
gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess
If set, range expressions used in pattern matching (see
PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave as if in the traditional
If set, range expressions used in pattern matching (see
PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave as if in the traditional
C locale when performing comparisons. That is, the cur-
rent locale's collating sequence is not taken into
account, so bb will not collate between AA and BB, and
upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate
rent locale's collating sequence is not taken into
account, so bb will not collate between AA and BB, and
upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate
together.
gglloobbssttaarr
If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con-
text will match all files and zero or more directories
and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //,
text will match all files and zero or more directories
and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //,
only directories and subdirectories match.
ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
hhiissttaappppeenndd
If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell
If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
hhiissttrreeeeddiitt
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
hhiissttvveerriiffyy
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his-
tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his-
tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
hhoossttccoommpplleettee
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to
perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@
is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE
perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@
is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE
above). This is enabled by default.
hhuuppoonneexxiitt
If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss
If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word
and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This
and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This
option is enabled by default.
llaassttppiippee
If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line
lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
llooggiinn__sshheellll
The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be
The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be
changed.
mmaaiillwwaarrnn
If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has
been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis-
If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has
been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis-
played.
nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not
attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
nnooccaasseegglloobb
If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee
EExxppaannssiioonn above).
nnooccaasseemmaattcchh
If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or
[[[[ conditional commands.
nnuullllgglloobb
If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see
PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string,
If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see
PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
pprrooggccoommpp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo--
@@ -1432,50 +1437,50 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
enabled by default.
pprroommppttvvaarrss
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
above. This option is enabled by default.
rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll
The shell sets this option if it is started in
The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value
may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee
If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when
If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
ssoouurrcceeppaatthh
If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to
find the directory containing the file supplied as an
find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
xxppgg__eecchhoo
If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape
If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
ssuussppeenndd [--ff]
Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT
Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup-
tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
tteesstt _e_x_p_r
[[ _e_x_p_r ]]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op-
erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS.
tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS.
tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options.
Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false.
(( _e_x_p_r ))
Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override
Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2
True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true.
@@ -1492,63 +1497,63 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and
only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is
only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa
and --oo operators are considered binary operators when
there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!,
the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa
and --oo operators are considered binary operators when
there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!,
the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result
is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of
the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
uated according to precedence using the rules listed
uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico-
When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...]
The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell
receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a
single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its
original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each
_s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap
commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no
arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the
list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option
causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name
defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are
The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell
receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a
single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its
original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each
_s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap
commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no
arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the
list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option
causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name
defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional.
If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit
from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe-
cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command,
_s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the
first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR
above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the
If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit
from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe-
cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command,
_s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the
first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR
above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the
sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a
_s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin-
@@ -1556,53 +1561,53 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a sim-
ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command
is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or
uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a
command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return
value is being inverted via !!. These are the same conditions
conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command
is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or
uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a
command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return
value is being inverted via !!. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt option.
Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is
one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is
invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true.
ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...]
With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if
With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a
string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or
_f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found,
then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the
string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or
_f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found,
then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e,
return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is
hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is
used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable
ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is
used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable
named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
the --pp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell
not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell
function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
uulliimmiitt [--HHSSTTaabbccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]]
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the
current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the
soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is
current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the
soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
@@ -1611,11 +1616,11 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
--cc The maximum size of core files created
--dd The maximum size of a process's data segment
--ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
--ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
--ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
--ii The maximum number of pending signals
--ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory
--mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
--mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
--nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
@@ -1624,61 +1629,61 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
--rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority
--ss The maximum stack size
--tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
--uu The maximum number of processes available to a single
--uu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
--vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
--vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
--xx The maximum number of file locks
--TT The maximum number of threads
If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the
new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte
blocks; and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The
return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is sup-
If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the
new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte
blocks; and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The
return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is sup-
plied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e]
The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with
a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
_c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is
printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp
a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
_c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is
printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp
option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied,
was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...]
Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is
supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is
supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias.
uunnsseett [-ffvv] [_n_a_m_e ...]
For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function.
For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable,
and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func-
and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func-
tion, and the function definition is removed. If no options are
supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
unset variable or function is removed from the environment
passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN--
supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
unset variable or function is removed from the environment
passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN--
DDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read-
only.
wwaaiitt [_n _._._.]
Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro-
cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n
specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro-
cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n
specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
doc/builtins.ps
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
%%CreationDate: Thu Dec 29 15:02:57 2011
%%CreationDate: Mon Jan 30 10:38:31 2012
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2