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Chet Ramey
2012-08-13 11:54:32 -04:00
parent 87c1f4ece2
commit 9f178efb2e
44 changed files with 34972 additions and 16191 deletions
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@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 29 January 2012).
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 5 July 2012).
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 29 January 2012, of `The GNU Bash
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 5 July 2012, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -16,14 +16,9 @@ preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License".
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: You are free to copy and modify
this GNU manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in
developing GNU and promoting software freedom."
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
INFO-DIR-SECTION Basics
@@ -38,17 +33,17 @@ Bash Features
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 29 January 2012).
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 5 July 2012).
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 29 January 2012, of `The GNU Bash
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 5 July 2012, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (`sh'), the Korn Shell
(`ksh'), and the C-shell (`csh' and its successor, `tcsh'). The
following menu breaks the features up into categories based upon which
one of these other shells inspired the feature.
following menu breaks the features up into categories, noting which
features were inspired by other shells and which are specific to Bash.
This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in
Bash. The Bash manual page should be used as the definitive reference
@@ -804,7 +799,9 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Pre
There may be an arbitrary number of `case' clauses, each terminated
by a `;;', `;&', or `;;&'. The first pattern that matches
determines the command-list that is executed.
determines the command-list that is executed. It's a common idiom
to use `*' as the final pattern to define the default case, since
that pattern will always match.
Here is an example using `case' in a script that could be used to
describe one interesting feature of an animal:
@@ -1049,7 +1046,8 @@ a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is
assigned to `NAME'[1]. This pipe is established before any
redirections specified by the command (*note Redirections::). The file
descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and
redirections using standard word expansions.
redirections using standard word expansions. The file descriptors are
not available in subshells.
The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
available as the value of the variable `NAME'_PID. The `wait' builtin
@@ -1267,6 +1265,32 @@ key-value pairs in an associative array. When applied to a
string-valued variable, VALUE is expanded and appended to the
variable's value.
A variable can be assigned the NAMEREF attribute using the `-n'
option to the \fBdeclare\fP or \fBlocal\fP builtin commands (*note Bash
Builtins::) to create a NAMEREF, or a reference to another variable.
This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly. Whenever the
nameref variable is referenced or assigned to, the operation is
actually performed on the variable specified by the nameref variable's
value. A nameref is commonly used within shell functions to refer to a
variable whose name is passed as an argument to the function. For
instance, if a variable name is passed to a shell function as its first
argument, running
declare -n ref=$1
inside the function creates a nameref variable REF whose value is
the variable name passed as the first argument. References and
assignments to REF are treated as references and assignments to the
variable whose name was passed as `$1'.
If the control variable in a `for' loop has the nameref attribute,
the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a name reference
will be established for each word in the list, in turn, when the loop is
executed. Array variables cannot be given the `-n' attribute.
However, nameref variables can reference array variables and subscripted
array variables. Namerefs can be unset using the `-n' option to the
`unset' builtin (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::). Otherwise, if `unset'
is executed with the name of a nameref variable as an argument, the
variable referenced by the nameref variable will be unset.

File: bashref.info, Node: Positional Parameters, Next: Special Parameters, Up: Shell Parameters
@@ -1548,28 +1572,29 @@ embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
expansion.
The basic form of parameter expansion is ${PARAMETER}. The value of
PARAMETER is substituted. The braces are required when PARAMETER is a
positional parameter with more than one digit, or when PARAMETER is
followed by a character that is not to be interpreted as part of its
name.
PARAMETER is substituted. The PARAMETER is a shell parameter as
described above (*note Shell Parameters::) or an array reference (*note
Arrays::). The braces are required when PARAMETER is a positional
parameter with more than one digit, or when PARAMETER is followed by a
character that is not to be interpreted as part of its name.
If the first character of PARAMETER is an exclamation point (!), a
level of variable indirection is introduced. Bash uses the value of
the variable formed from the rest of PARAMETER as the name of the
variable; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the
rest of the substitution, rather than the value of PARAMETER itself.
This is known as `indirect expansion'. The exceptions to this are the
expansions of ${!PREFIX
} and ${!NAME[@]} described below. The exclamation point must
immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection.
If the first character of PARAMETER is an exclamation point (!), it
introduces a level of variable indirection. Bash uses the value of the
variable formed from the rest of PARAMETER as the name of the variable;
this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of
the substitution, rather than the value of PARAMETER itself. This is
known as `indirect expansion'. The exceptions to this are the
expansions of ${!PREFIX*} and ${!NAME[@]} described below. The
exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
introduce indirection.
In each of the cases below, WORD is subject to tilde expansion,
parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
below, Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the
colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. Put
another way, if the colon is included, the operator tests for both
below (e.g., `:-'), Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
Put another way, if the colon is included, the operator tests for both
PARAMETER's existence and that its value is not null; if the colon is
omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
@@ -1595,28 +1620,133 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
`${PARAMETER:OFFSET}'
`${PARAMETER:OFFSET:LENGTH}'
Expands to up to LENGTH characters of PARAMETER starting at the
character specified by OFFSET. If LENGTH is omitted, expands to
the substring of PARAMETER starting at the character specified by
OFFSET. LENGTH and OFFSET are arithmetic expressions (*note Shell
Arithmetic::). This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
This is referred to as Substring Expansion. It expands to up to
LENGTH characters of the value of PARAMETER starting at the
character specified by OFFSET. If PARAMETER is `@', an indexed
array subscripted by `@' or `*', or an associative array name, the
results differ as described below. If LENGTH is omitted, it
expands to the substring of the value of PARAMETER starting at the
character specified by OFFSET and extending to the end of the
value. LENGTH and OFFSET are arithmetic expressions (*note Shell
Arithmetic::).
If OFFSET evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used
as an offset from the end of the value of PARAMETER. If LENGTH
evaluates to a number less than zero, and PARAMETER is not `@' and
not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an
offset from the end of the value of PARAMETER rather than a number
of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the two
offsets. If PARAMETER is `@', the result is LENGTH positional
parameters beginning at OFFSET. If PARAMETER is an indexed array
name subscripted by `@' or `*', the result is the LENGTH members
of the array beginning with `${PARAMETER[OFFSET]}'. A negative
OFFSET is taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of
the specified array. Substring expansion applied to an
associative array produces undefined results.
as an offset in characters from the end of the value of PARAMETER.
If LENGTH evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted
as an offset in characters from the end of the value of PARAMETER
rather than a number of characters, and the expansion is the
characters between OFFSET and that result. Note that a negative
offset must be separated from the colon by at least one space to
avoid being confused with the `:-' expansion.
Here are some examples illustrating substring expansion on
parameters and subscripted arrays:
$ string=01234567890abcdefgh
$ echo ${string:7}
7890abcdefgh
$ echo ${string:7:0}
$ echo ${string:7:2}
78
$ echo ${string:7:-2}
7890abcdef
$ echo ${string: -7}
bcdefgh
$ echo ${string: -7:0}
$ echo ${string: -7:2}
bc
$ echo ${string: -7:-2}
bcdef
$ set -- 01234567890abcdefgh
$ echo ${1:7}
7890abcdefgh
$ echo ${1:7:0}
$ echo ${1:7:2}
78
$ echo ${1:7:-2}
7890abcdef
$ echo ${1: -7}
bcdefgh
$ echo ${1: -7:0}
$ echo ${1: -7:2}
bc
$ echo ${1: -7:-2}
bcdef
$ array[0]=01234567890abcdefgh
$ echo ${array[0]:7}
7890abcdefgh
$ echo ${array[0]:7:0}
$ echo ${array[0]:7:2}
78
$ echo ${array[0]:7:-2}
7890abcdef
$ echo ${array[0]: -7}
bcdefgh
$ echo ${array[0]: -7:0}
$ echo ${array[0]: -7:2}
bc
$ echo ${array[0]: -7:-2}
bcdef
If PARAMETER is `@', the result is LENGTH positional parameters
beginning at OFFSET. A negative OFFSET is taken relative to one
greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of -1
evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expansion
error if LENGTH evaluates to a number less than zero.
The following examples illustrate substring expansion using
positional parameters:
$ set -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
$ echo ${@:7}
7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
$ echo ${@:7:0}
$ echo ${@:7:2}
7 8
$ echo ${@:7:-2}
bash: -2: substring expression < 0
$ echo ${@: -7:2}
b c
$ echo ${@:0}
./bash 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
$ echo ${@:0:2}
./bash 1
$ echo ${@: -7:0}
If PARAMETER is an indexed array name subscripted by `@' or `*',
the result is the LENGTH members of the array beginning with
`${PARAMETER[OFFSET]}'. A negative OFFSET is taken relative to
one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It is
an expansion error if LENGTH evaluates to a number less than zero.
These examples show how you can use substring expansion with
indexed arrays:
$ array=(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h)
$ echo ${array[@]:7}
7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
$ echo ${array[@]:7:2}
7 8
$ echo ${array[@]: -7:2}
b c
$ echo ${array[@]: -7:-2}
bash: -2: substring expression < 0
$ echo ${array[@]:0}
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
$ echo ${array[@]:0:2}
0 1
$ echo ${array[@]: -7:0}
Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces
undefined results.
Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
least one space to avoid being confused with the `:-' expansion.
Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If
OFFSET is 0, and the positional parameters are used, `$@' is
@@ -2021,13 +2151,13 @@ redirections, as described in the following table:
`/dev/tcp/HOST/PORT'
If HOST is a valid hostname or Internet address, and PORT is an
integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a TCP
connection to the corresponding socket.
integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open the
corresponding TCP socket.
`/dev/udp/HOST/PORT'
If HOST is a valid hostname or Internet address, and PORT is an
integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a UDP
connection to the corresponding socket.
integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open the
corresponding UDP socket.
A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
@@ -2990,16 +3120,19 @@ standard.
results in permissions of `755'.
`unset'
unset [-fv] [NAME]
unset [-fnv] [NAME]
Remove each variable or function NAME. If the `-v' option is
given, each NAME refers to a shell variable and that variable is
remvoved. If the `-f' option is given, the NAMEs refer to shell
functions, and the function definition is removed. If no options
are supplied, each NAME refers to a variable; if there is no
variable by that name, any function with that name is unset.
Readonly variables and functions may not be unset. The return
status is zero unless a NAME is readonly.
functions, and the function definition is removed. If the `-n'
option is supplied, and NAME is a variable with the NAMEREF
attribute, NAME will be unset rather than the variable it
references. `-n' has no effect if the `-f' option is supplied.
If no options are supplied, each NAME refers to a variable; if
there is no variable by that name, any function with that name is
unset. Readonly variables and functions may not be unset. The
return status is zero unless a NAME is readonly.

File: bashref.info, Node: Bash Builtins, Next: Modifying Shell Behavior, Prev: Bourne Shell Builtins, Up: Shell Builtin Commands
@@ -3150,7 +3283,7 @@ POSIX standard.
non-zero if not.
`declare'
declare [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are
given, then display the values of variables instead.
@@ -3198,6 +3331,14 @@ POSIX standard.
characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
`-n'
Give each NAME the NAMEREF attribute, making it a name
reference to another variable. That other variable is
defined by the value of NAME. All references and assignments
to NAME, except for changing the `-n' attribute itself, are
performed on the variable referenced by NAME's value. The
`-n' attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
`-r'
Make NAMEs readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
@@ -3594,7 +3735,7 @@ POSIX standard.
if any are not found.
`typeset'
typeset [-afFgrxilrtux] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
typeset [-afFgrxilnrtux] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
The `typeset' command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn
shell. It is a synonym for the `declare' builtin command.
@@ -4724,11 +4865,11 @@ Variables::).
this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated,
if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines by
removing the oldest entries. The history file is also truncated
to this size after writing it when an interactive shell exits. If
the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit
truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of
`HISTSIZE' after reading any startup files.
to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If the value is
0, the history file is truncated to zero size. Non-numeric values
and numeric values less than zero inhibit truncation. The shell
sets the default value to the value of `HISTSIZE' after reading
any startup files.
`HISTIGNORE'
A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
@@ -4988,9 +5129,9 @@ Variables::).
from a terminal.
In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of
seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt when
the shell is interactive. Bash terminates after that number of
seconds if input does not arrive.
seconds to wait for a line of input after issuing the primary
prompt. Bash terminates after waiting for that number of seconds
if a complete line of input does not arrive.
`TMPDIR'
If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which
@@ -5366,7 +5507,7 @@ several ways.
7. Command history (*note Bash History Facilities::) and history
expansion (*note History Interaction::) are enabled by default.
Bash will save the command history to the file named by `$HISTFILE'
when an interactive shell exits.
when a shell with history enabled exits.
8. Alias expansion (*note Aliases::) is performed by default.
@@ -5710,7 +5851,8 @@ will explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the
size of an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or
assigned contiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers
(including arithmetic expressions (*note Shell Arithmetic::)) and are
zero-based; associative arrays use arbitrary strings.
zero-based; associative arrays use arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise
noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is
assigned to using the syntax
@@ -8543,12 +8685,12 @@ the values of the shell variables `HISTIGNORE' and `HISTCONTROL'.
named by the `HISTFILE' variable (default `~/.bash_history'). The file
named by the value of `HISTFILE' is truncated, if necessary, to contain
no more than the number of lines specified by the value of the
`HISTFILESIZE' variable. When an interactive shell exits, the last
`$HISTSIZE' lines are copied from the history list to the file named by
`$HISTFILE'. If the `histappend' shell option is set (*note Bash
Builtins::), the lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the
history file is overwritten. If `HISTFILE' is unset, or if the history
file is unwritable, the history is not saved. After saving the
`HISTFILESIZE' variable. When a shell with history enabled exits, the
last `$HISTSIZE' lines are copied from the history list to the file
named by `$HISTFILE'. If the `histappend' shell option is set (*note
Bash Builtins::), the lines are appended to the history file, otherwise
the history file is overwritten. If `HISTFILE' is unset, or if the
history file is unwritable, the history is not saved. After saving the
history, the history file is truncated to contain no more than
`$HISTFILESIZE' lines. If `HISTFILESIZE' is unset, or set to null, a
non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file
@@ -9491,7 +9633,7 @@ the baseline reference.
PATTERN and replaces it with REPLACEMENT in the value of `var', is
available (*note Shell Parameter Expansion::).
* The expansion `${!PREFIX}*' expansion, which expands to the names
* The expansion `${!PREFIX*}' expansion, which expands to the names
of all shell variables whose names begin with PREFIX, is available
(*note Shell Parameter Expansion::).
@@ -10287,8 +10429,8 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
(line 7)
* disown: Job Control Builtins.
(line 87)
* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 233)
* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 295)
* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 241)
* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 303)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 85)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -10305,26 +10447,26 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
(line 133)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 176)
* help: Bash Builtins. (line 324)
* help: Bash Builtins. (line 332)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 40)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
(line 27)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
(line 59)
* let: Bash Builtins. (line 345)
* local: Bash Builtins. (line 353)
* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 364)
* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 369)
* let: Bash Builtins. (line 353)
* local: Bash Builtins. (line 361)
* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 372)
* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 377)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 39)
* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 417)
* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 425)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 61)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 196)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 463)
* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 547)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 471)
* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 555)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 206)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -10333,7 +10475,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 241)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 556)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 564)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 99)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -10342,12 +10484,12 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
(line 330)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 336)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 561)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 593)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 599)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 569)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 601)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 607)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 383)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 690)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 698)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 401)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
@@ -10364,9 +10506,9 @@ D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words
* !: Pipelines. (line 9)
* [[: Conditional Constructs.
(line 117)
(line 119)
* ]]: Conditional Constructs.
(line 117)
(line 119)
* case: Conditional Constructs.
(line 28)
* do: Looping Constructs. (line 12)
@@ -10386,7 +10528,7 @@ D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words
* in: Conditional Constructs.
(line 28)
* select: Conditional Constructs.
(line 76)
(line 78)
* then: Conditional Constructs.
(line 7)
* time: Pipelines. (line 9)
@@ -10858,134 +11000,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index

Tag Table:
Node: Top1348
Node: Introduction3186
Node: What is Bash?3414
Node: What is a shell?4527
Node: Definitions7066
Node: Basic Shell Features9984
Node: Shell Syntax11203
Node: Shell Operation12233
Node: Quoting13527
Node: Escape Character14830
Node: Single Quotes15315
Node: Double Quotes15663
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16788
Node: Locale Translation18032
Node: Comments18928
Node: Shell Commands19546
Node: Simple Commands20418
Node: Pipelines21049
Node: Lists23748
Node: Compound Commands25477
Node: Looping Constructs26483
Node: Conditional Constructs28946
Node: Command Grouping39650
Node: Coprocesses41129
Node: GNU Parallel42803
Node: Shell Functions45271
Node: Shell Parameters50355
Node: Positional Parameters52960
Node: Special Parameters53860
Node: Shell Expansions56824
Node: Brace Expansion58750
Node: Tilde Expansion61504
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion63853
Node: Command Substitution73201
Node: Arithmetic Expansion74534
Node: Process Substitution75384
Node: Word Splitting76434
Node: Filename Expansion78057
Node: Pattern Matching80222
Node: Quote Removal83922
Node: Redirections84217
Node: Executing Commands93413
Node: Simple Command Expansion94083
Node: Command Search and Execution96013
Node: Command Execution Environment98350
Node: Environment101336
Node: Exit Status102995
Node: Signals104617
Node: Shell Scripts106585
Node: Shell Builtin Commands109103
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins111131
Node: Bash Builtins130512
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior157126
Node: The Set Builtin157471
Node: The Shopt Builtin167219
Node: Special Builtins181270
Node: Shell Variables182249
Node: Bourne Shell Variables182689
Node: Bash Variables184720
Node: Bash Features210231
Node: Invoking Bash211130
Node: Bash Startup Files216908
Node: Interactive Shells221927
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?222337
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?222986
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior223801
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions227081
Node: Shell Arithmetic230869
Node: Aliases233645
Node: Arrays236201
Node: The Directory Stack240409
Node: Directory Stack Builtins241128
Node: Controlling the Prompt244084
Node: The Restricted Shell246856
Node: Bash POSIX Mode248693
Node: Job Control258080
Node: Job Control Basics258540
Node: Job Control Builtins263259
Node: Job Control Variables267611
Node: Command Line Editing268769
Node: Introduction and Notation270441
Node: Readline Interaction272063
Node: Readline Bare Essentials273254
Node: Readline Movement Commands275043
Node: Readline Killing Commands276008
Node: Readline Arguments277928
Node: Searching278972
Node: Readline Init File281158
Node: Readline Init File Syntax282305
Node: Conditional Init Constructs298738
Node: Sample Init File301271
Node: Bindable Readline Commands304388
Node: Commands For Moving305595
Node: Commands For History306739
Node: Commands For Text310924
Node: Commands For Killing313597
Node: Numeric Arguments316054
Node: Commands For Completion317193
Node: Keyboard Macros321385
Node: Miscellaneous Commands322073
Node: Readline vi Mode327879
Node: Programmable Completion328786
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins336036
Node: A Programmable Completion Example345782
Node: Using History Interactively351032
Node: Bash History Facilities351716
Node: Bash History Builtins354707
Node: History Interaction358635
Node: Event Designators361340
Node: Word Designators362562
Node: Modifiers364201
Node: Installing Bash365605
Node: Basic Installation366742
Node: Compilers and Options369434
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures370175
Node: Installation Names371839
Node: Specifying the System Type372657
Node: Sharing Defaults373373
Node: Operation Controls374046
Node: Optional Features375004
Node: Reporting Bugs384576
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell385777
Node: GNU Free Documentation License402469
Node: Indexes427665
Node: Builtin Index428119
Node: Reserved Word Index434946
Node: Variable Index437394
Node: Function Index450630
Node: Concept Index457858
Node: Top1089
Node: Introduction2939
Node: What is Bash?3167
Node: What is a shell?4280
Node: Definitions6819
Node: Basic Shell Features9737
Node: Shell Syntax10956
Node: Shell Operation11986
Node: Quoting13280
Node: Escape Character14583
Node: Single Quotes15068
Node: Double Quotes15416
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16541
Node: Locale Translation17785
Node: Comments18681
Node: Shell Commands19299
Node: Simple Commands20171
Node: Pipelines20802
Node: Lists23501
Node: Compound Commands25230
Node: Looping Constructs26236
Node: Conditional Constructs28699
Node: Command Grouping39532
Node: Coprocesses41011
Node: GNU Parallel42739
Node: Shell Functions45207
Node: Shell Parameters50291
Node: Positional Parameters54420
Node: Special Parameters55320
Node: Shell Expansions58284
Node: Brace Expansion60210
Node: Tilde Expansion62964
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion65313
Node: Command Substitution77317
Node: Arithmetic Expansion78650
Node: Process Substitution79500
Node: Word Splitting80550
Node: Filename Expansion82173
Node: Pattern Matching84338
Node: Quote Removal88038
Node: Redirections88333
Node: Executing Commands97497
Node: Simple Command Expansion98167
Node: Command Search and Execution100097
Node: Command Execution Environment102434
Node: Environment105420
Node: Exit Status107079
Node: Signals108701
Node: Shell Scripts110669
Node: Shell Builtin Commands113187
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins115215
Node: Bash Builtins134807
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior161837
Node: The Set Builtin162182
Node: The Shopt Builtin171930
Node: Special Builtins185981
Node: Shell Variables186960
Node: Bourne Shell Variables187400
Node: Bash Variables189431
Node: Bash Features214941
Node: Invoking Bash215840
Node: Bash Startup Files221618
Node: Interactive Shells226637
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?227047
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?227696
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior228511
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions231799
Node: Shell Arithmetic235587
Node: Aliases238363
Node: Arrays240919
Node: The Directory Stack245205
Node: Directory Stack Builtins245924
Node: Controlling the Prompt248880
Node: The Restricted Shell251652
Node: Bash POSIX Mode253489
Node: Job Control262876
Node: Job Control Basics263336
Node: Job Control Builtins268055
Node: Job Control Variables272407
Node: Command Line Editing273565
Node: Introduction and Notation275237
Node: Readline Interaction276859
Node: Readline Bare Essentials278050
Node: Readline Movement Commands279839
Node: Readline Killing Commands280804
Node: Readline Arguments282724
Node: Searching283768
Node: Readline Init File285954
Node: Readline Init File Syntax287101
Node: Conditional Init Constructs303534
Node: Sample Init File306067
Node: Bindable Readline Commands309184
Node: Commands For Moving310391
Node: Commands For History311535
Node: Commands For Text315720
Node: Commands For Killing318393
Node: Numeric Arguments320850
Node: Commands For Completion321989
Node: Keyboard Macros326181
Node: Miscellaneous Commands326869
Node: Readline vi Mode332675
Node: Programmable Completion333582
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins340832
Node: A Programmable Completion Example350578
Node: Using History Interactively355828
Node: Bash History Facilities356512
Node: Bash History Builtins359511
Node: History Interaction363439
Node: Event Designators366144
Node: Word Designators367366
Node: Modifiers369005
Node: Installing Bash370409
Node: Basic Installation371546
Node: Compilers and Options374238
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures374979
Node: Installation Names376643
Node: Specifying the System Type377461
Node: Sharing Defaults378177
Node: Operation Controls378850
Node: Optional Features379808
Node: Reporting Bugs389380
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell390581
Node: GNU Free Documentation License407273
Node: Indexes432469
Node: Builtin Index432923
Node: Reserved Word Index439750
Node: Variable Index442198
Node: Function Index455434
Node: Concept Index462662

End Tag Table