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Chet Ramey
2011-12-12 22:03:26 -05:00
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doc/bashref.html
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<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<!-- Created on June, 29 2010 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!-- Created on July, 21 2010 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 4.1, 12 June 2010).
the Bash shell (version 4.2, 21 July 2010).
</P><P>
This is Edition 4.1, last updated 12 June 2010,
This is Edition 4.2, last updated 21 July 2010,
of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.1.
for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.2.
</P><P>
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -914,6 +914,9 @@ The statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock) time and
user and system time consumed by the command's execution.
The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option changes the output format to that specified
by POSIX.
When the shell is in POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>),
it does not recognize <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word if the next
token begins with a <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>.
The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable may be set to a format string that
specifies how the timing information should be displayed.
See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats.
@@ -1137,7 +1140,7 @@ until it evaluates to zero.
Each time <VAR>expr2</VAR> evaluates to a non-zero value, <VAR>commands</VAR> are
executed and the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr3</VAR> is evaluated.
If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
The return value is the exit status of the last command in <VAR>list</VAR>
The return value is the exit status of the last command in <VAR>commands</VAR>
that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
</P><P>
@@ -1630,7 +1633,8 @@ shell context; no new process is created to interpret them.
Functions are declared using this syntax:
<A NAME="IDX45"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>[ <CODE>function</CODE> ] <VAR>name</VAR> () <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]
<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR> () <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]<BR>or<BR>
<CODE>function</CODE> <VAR>name</VAR> [()] <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
This defines a shell function named <VAR>name</VAR>. The reserved
@@ -1735,8 +1739,10 @@ shell's children.
Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
</P><P>
Functions may be recursive. No limit is placed on the number of
recursive calls.
Functions may be recursive.
The <CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE> variable may be used to limit the depth of the
function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations.
By default, no limit is placed on the number of recursive calls.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Shell Parameters"></A>
@@ -4743,6 +4749,7 @@ escape characters by default.
<DT><CODE>\c</CODE>
<DD>suppress further output
<DT><CODE>\e</CODE>
<DD><DT><CODE>\E</CODE>
<DD>escape
<DT><CODE>\f</CODE>
<DD>form feed
@@ -5914,6 +5921,11 @@ line to be ignored in an interactive shell.
This option is enabled by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>lastpipe</CODE>
<DD>If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of
a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment.
<P>
<DT><CODE>lithist</CODE>
<DD>If enabled, and the <CODE>cmdhist</CODE>
option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with
@@ -6321,11 +6333,11 @@ The command argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option.
<DT><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX153"></A>
An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
corresponding to each member of <VAR>FUNCNAME</VAR>.
<CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE> is the line number in the source file where
where each corresponding member of <VAR>FUNCNAME</VAR> was invoked.
<CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE> is the line number in the source file
(<CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}</CODE>) where
<CODE>${FUNCNAME[$i]}</CODE> was called (or <CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i-1]}</CODE> if
referenced within another shell function).
The corresponding source file name is <CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}</CODE>.
referenced within another shell function).
Use <CODE>LINENO</CODE> to obtain the current line number.
<P>
@@ -6345,8 +6357,11 @@ This variable is read-only.
<A NAME="IDX156"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX157"></A>
An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
to the elements in the <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> array variable.
An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the
corresponding shell function names in the <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> array
variable are defined.
The shell function <CODE>${FUNCNAME[$i]}</CODE> is defined in the file
<CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}</CODE> and called from <CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}</CODE>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX158"></A>
@@ -6573,13 +6588,23 @@ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
currently in the execution call stack.
The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
shell function.
The bottom-most element is <CODE>"main"</CODE>.
The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index)
is <CODE>"main"</CODE>.
This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
Assignments to <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> have no effect and return an error status.
If <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
it is subsequently reset.
<P>
This variable can be used with <CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE>.
Each element of <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> has corresponding elements in
<CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE> to describe the call stack.
For instance, <CODE>${FUNCNAME[$i]}</CODE> was called from the file
<CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}</CODE> at line number <CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE>.
The <CODE>caller</CODE> builtin displays the current call stack using this
information.
</P><P>
<A NAME="IDX200"></A>
<DT><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A>
@@ -8730,6 +8755,11 @@ one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do
not have to appear as matched pairs.
<P>
<LI>
The parser does not recognize <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word if the next
token begins with a <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>.
<P>
<LI>
If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
@@ -16327,7 +16357,7 @@ to permit their use in free software.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 29 2010</I>
This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 21 2010</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
@@ -16489,7 +16519,7 @@ the following structure:
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 29 2010</I>
by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 21 2010</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>