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Chet Ramey
2011-12-08 20:23:45 -05:00
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doc/FAQ
+177 -38
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.01, for Bash version 4.0.
This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.11, for Bash version 4.1.
This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
Section B: The latest version
B1) What's new in version 4.0?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.0,
bash-3.2, and bash-2.05b?
B1) What's new in version 4.1?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and
previous bash versions?
Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect?
E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
E14) Why does quoting the pattern argument to the regular expression matching
conditional operator (=~) cause matching to stop working?
E15) Tell me more about the shell compatibility level.
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
@@ -143,26 +144,26 @@ of Case Western Reserve University.
A2) What's the latest version?
The latest version is 4.0, first made available on 20 February, 2009.
The latest version is 4.1, first made available on 31 December, 2009.
A3) Where can I get it?
Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the
master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The
latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu.
The following URLs tell how to get version 4.0:
The following URLs tell how to get version 4.1:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz
Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz
Any patches for the current version are available with the URL:
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.0-patches/
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1-patches/
A4) On what machines will bash run?
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ http://www.cygwin.com/.
Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their
early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done
ports of bash-2.05b and bash-3.2 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
ports of bash-3.2 and bash-4.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
are available as part of their current release.
Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status.
Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services
for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems
with building bash-4.0, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed.
with building bash-4.1, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed.
A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
@@ -387,16 +388,124 @@ They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual
Section B: The latest version
B1) What's new in version 4.0?
B1) What's new in version 4.1?
Bash-4.0 is the fourth major release of bash. There are numerous new features,
some experimental. Depending on community reception, the experimental
features will evolve.
Bash-4.1 is the first revision to the fourth major release of bash.
Bash-4.0 contains the following new features (see the manual page for
complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.0
Bash-4.1 contains the following new features (see the manual page for
complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.1
distribution):
o Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be
delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline.
o Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file
system ACLs into account on file systems that support them.
o Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid
shell variable names through into the environment passed to child
processes.
o The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and
reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command
executes.
o `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices.
o New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty"
completion: completion attempted on an empty command line.
o New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion:
a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been
defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is
attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions
as completion is attempted by having the default completion function
install individual completion functions each time it is invoked.
o When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted.
o Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended
after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries
are presented first.
o The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the
ERR trap.
o The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting
to parse commands.
o There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to
forward all history entries to syslog.
o A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to
child processes.
o There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be
enabled by default.
o New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace
output to that file descriptor.
o If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the
shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file
descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.
o The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string
comparison according to the current locale.
o Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a'
when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.
o Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to
the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility.
o Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is
received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only.
o The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS
characters, ignoring delimiters like newline.
o The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via
callbacks in the history list.
o There is a new `compat40' shopt option.
o The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale
only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default).
o New bindable readline function: menu-complete-backward.
o In the readline vi-mode insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete
by default, and C-p to menu-complete-backward.
o When in readline vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing,
even when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how
historical vi behaves.
o New bindable readline function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a
default to consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End
without having to bind all keys.
o New bindable readline variable: skip-completed-text, active when
completing in the middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters
in the completion that match characters in the remainder of the word are
"skipped" rather than inserted into the line.
o The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as
"old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version.
o New bindable readline variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and
the tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters
corresponding to keyboard-generated signals.
o New bindable readline variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not
readline sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a
meta key that enables eight-bit characters.
A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
Bash-4.0 contained the following new features:
o When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
@@ -536,8 +645,6 @@ o New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
Bash-3.2 contained the following new features:
o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
@@ -794,13 +901,14 @@ grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone)
lots of code now smaller and faster
test suite greatly expanded
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.0, bash-3.2,
and bash-2.05b?
B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and
previous bash versions?
There are a few incompatibilities between version 4.0 and version 3.2.
They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution. That file
is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to bash-maintainers@gnu.org
if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
There are a few incompatibilities between version 4.1 and previous
versions. They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution.
That file is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to
bash-maintainers@gnu.org (or bug-bash@gnu.org if you would like
community discussion) if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
@@ -837,7 +945,7 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
HISTFILESIZE, HISTCONTROL, HISTIGNORE, GLOBIGNORE, GROUPS,
PROMPT_COMMAND, FCEDIT, FIGNORE, IGNOREEOF, INPUTRC,
SHELLOPTS, OPTERR, HOSTFILE, TMOUT, FUNCNAME, histchars,
auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM
auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM, BASHOPTS, BASH_XTRACEFD
DEBUG trap
ERR trap
variable arrays with new compound assignment syntax
@@ -848,7 +956,7 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
bash return builtin will exit a file sourced with `.'
builtins: cd -/-L/-P, exec -l/-c/-a, echo -e/-E, hash -d/-l/-p/-t.
export -n/-f/-p/name=value, pwd -L/-P,
read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u/-i,
read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u/-i/-N,
readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o,
set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P,
unset -f/-v, ulimit -i/-m/-p/-q/-u/-x,
@@ -894,6 +1002,7 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
associative arrays
coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables
shell assignment of a file descriptor used in a redirection to a variable
Things sh has that bash does not:
uses variable SHACCT to do shell accounting
@@ -950,7 +1059,7 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
builtins: bind, builtin, command, declare, dirs, echo -e/-E, enable,
exec -l/-c/-a, fc -s, export -n/-f/-p, hash, help, history,
jobs -x/-r/-s, kill -s/-n/-l, local, logout, popd, pushd,
read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s, readonly -a/-n/-f/-p,
read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-N, readonly -a/-n/-f/-p,
set -o braceexpand/-o histexpand/-o interactive-comments/
-o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/
-h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type,
@@ -979,6 +1088,7 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
associative arrays
coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables
shell assignment of a file descriptor used in a redirection to a variable
Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not:
tracked aliases (alias -t)
@@ -1006,9 +1116,9 @@ Implementation differences:
C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
This list is current through ksh93t (11/04/2008)
This list is current through ksh93t+ (05/05/2009)
New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.0:
New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.1:
floating point arithmetic and variables
math library functions
${!name[sub]} name of subscript for associative array
@@ -1031,10 +1141,11 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.0:
`.' can execute shell functions
getopts -a
printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag
read -N (read -n differs, too)/-v
read -n/-N differ/-v
set -o showme/-o multiline (bash default)
`sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions)
typeset -n and `nameref' variables
[[ -R name ]] (checks whether or not name is a nameref)
typeset -C/-S/-T/-X/-h/-s
experimental `type' definitions (a la typedef) using typeset
negative subscripts for indexed array variables
@@ -1042,11 +1153,11 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.0:
associative array assignments using `;' as element separator
command substitution $(n<#) expands to current byte offset for fd N
new '${ ' form of command substitution, executed in current shell
new >;/<#pat/<##pat/<#/># redirections
redirection operators preceded with {varname} to store fd number in varname
new >;/<>;/<#pat/<##pat/<#/># redirections
brace expansion printf-like formats
[[ -v var ]] operators (checks whether or not var is set)
New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.0:
New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1:
associative arrays
[n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command
@@ -1080,6 +1191,8 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.0:
the `;&' case statement "fallthrough" pattern list terminator
csh-style history expansion and set -H
negative offsets in ${param:offset:length}
redirection operators preceded with {varname} to store fd number in varname
DEBUG can force skipping following command
Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
@@ -1641,6 +1754,32 @@ several options to the `shopt' builtin. If the `compat31' option is enabled,
bash reverts to the bash-3.1 behavior with respect to quoting the rhs of
the =~ operator.
E15) Tell me more about the shell compatibility level.
Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified
as a set of options to the shopt builtin (compat31, compat32, compat40 at
this writing). There is only one current compatibility level -- each
option is mutually exclusive. This list does not mention behavior that is
standard for a particular version (e.g., setting compat32 means that quoting
the rhs of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in
the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above).
compat31 set
- the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
locale when comparing strings
- quoting the rhs of the regexp matching operator (=~) has no
special effect
compat32 set
- the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
locale when comparing strings
compat40 set
- the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
locale when comparing strings
- interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution
of the entire list to be aborted
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
@@ -2049,9 +2188,9 @@ Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing
H5) When will the next release appear?
The next version will appear sometime in 2009. Never make predictions.
The next version will appear sometime in 2010. Never make predictions.
This document is Copyright 1995-2009 by Chester Ramey.
This document is Copyright 1995-2010 by Chester Ramey.
Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute
doc/bash.0
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@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
.\" Last Change: Wed Dec 23 16:29:14 EST 2009
.\" Last Change: Tue Dec 29 15:36:16 EST 2009
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
.TH BASH 1 "2009 December 23" "GNU Bash-4.1"
.TH BASH 1 "2009 December 29" "GNU Bash-4.1"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -430,9 +430,12 @@ real user (group) id, and the \fB\-p\fP option is not supplied, no startup
files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment, the
.SM
.BR SHELLOPTS ,
.SM
.BR BASHOPTS ,
.SM
.BR CDPATH ,
and
.SM
.B GLOBIGNORE
variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored,
and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
@@ -713,10 +716,18 @@ of alphabetic characters.
Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
string.
Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
expression are saved in the array variable \fBBASH_REMATCH\fP.
The element of \fBBASH_REMATCH\fP with index 0 is the portion of the string
expression are saved in the array variable
.SM
.BR BASH_REMATCH .
The element of
.SM
.B BASH_REMATCH
with index 0 is the portion of the string
matching the entire regular expression.
The element of \fBBASH_REMATCH\fP with index \fIn\fP is the portion of the
The element of
.SM
.B BASH_REMATCH
with index \fIn\fP is the portion of the
string matching the \fIn\fPth parenthesized subexpression.
.if t .sp 0.5
.if n .sp 1
@@ -795,6 +806,7 @@ error, each preceded by a number. If the \fBin\fP
.SM
.B PARAMETERS
below). The
.SM
.B PS3
prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input.
If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of
@@ -805,6 +817,7 @@ are displayed again. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any
other value read causes
.I name
to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable
.SM
.BR REPLY .
The
.I list
@@ -1356,9 +1369,12 @@ The number of
parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
with \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP) is at the top of the stack.
When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
\fBBASH_ARGC\fP.
The shell sets \fBBASH_ARGC\fP only when in extended debugging mode
(see the description of the
.SM
.BR BASH_ARGC .
The shell sets
.SM
.B BASH_ARGC
only when in extended debugging mode (see the description of the
.B extdebug
option to the
.B shopt
@@ -1369,8 +1385,13 @@ An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current \fBbash\fP
execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
are pushed onto \fBBASH_ARGV\fP.
The shell sets \fBBASH_ARGV\fP only when in extended debugging mode
are pushed onto
.SM
.BR BASH_ARGV .
The shell sets
.SM
.B BASH_ARGV
only when in extended debugging mode
(see the description of the
.B extdebug
option to the
@@ -1393,13 +1414,18 @@ The command argument to the \fB\-c\fP invocation option.
.TP
.B BASH_LINENO
An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
corresponding to each member of \fBFUNCNAME\fP.
corresponding to each member of
.SM
.BR FUNCNAME .
\fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP is the line number in the source
file where \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called
(or \fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i-1\fP\fB]}\fP if referenced within another
shell function).
The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP.
Use \fBLINENO\fP to obtain the current line number.
Use
.SM
.B LINENO
to obtain the current line number.
.TP
.B BASH_REMATCH
An array variable whose members are assigned by the \fB=~\fP binary
@@ -1412,7 +1438,10 @@ This variable is read-only.
.TP
.B BASH_SOURCE
An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
to the elements in the \fBFUNCNAME\fP array variable.
to the elements in the
.SM
.B FUNCNAME
array variable.
.TP
.B BASH_SUBSHELL
Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned.
@@ -1443,7 +1472,9 @@ The build version.
The release status (e.g., \fIbeta1\fP).
.TP
.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR5\fP]
The value of \fBMACHTYPE\fP.
The value of
.SM
.BR MACHTYPE .
.PD
.RE
.TP
@@ -1506,7 +1537,9 @@ subsequently reset.
An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) consisting of the individual
words in the current command line.
The line is split into words as \fBreadline\fP would split it, using
\fBCOMP_WORDBREAKS\fP as described above.
.SM
.B COMP_WORDBREAKS
as described above.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
below).
@@ -1751,11 +1784,19 @@ will write the trace output generated when
.if t \f(CWset -x\fP
.if n \fIset -x\fP
is enabled to that file descriptor.
The file descriptor is closed when \fBBASH_XTRACEFD\fP is unset or assigned
a new value.
Unsetting \fBBASH_XTRACEFD\fP or assigning it the empty string causes the
The file descriptor is closed when
.SM
.B BASH_XTRACEFD
is unset or assigned a new value.
Unsetting
.SM
.B BASH_XTRACEFD
or assigning it the empty string causes the
trace output to be sent to the standard error.
Note that setting \fPBASH_XTRACEFD\fP to 2 (the standard error file
Note that setting
.SM
.B BASH_XTRACEFD
to 2 (the standard error file
descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error
being closed.
.TP
@@ -1823,12 +1864,17 @@ A value of
causes all previous lines matching the current line to be removed from
the history list before that line is saved.
Any value not in the above list is ignored.
If \fBHISTCONTROL\fP is unset, or does not include a valid value,
If
.SM
.B HISTCONTROL
is unset, or does not include a valid value,
all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list,
subject to the value of
.SM
.BR HISTIGNORE .
The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
.SM
.BR HISTCONTROL .
.TP
.B HISTFILE
@@ -1852,6 +1898,7 @@ should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the
beginning of the line and must match the complete line (no implicit
`\fB*\fP' is appended). Each pattern is tested against the line
after the checks specified by
.SM
.B HISTCONTROL
are applied.
In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `\fB&\fP'
@@ -1859,6 +1906,7 @@ matches the previous history line. `\fB&\fP' may be escaped using a
backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
.SM
.BR HISTIGNORE .
.TP
.B HISTSIZE
@@ -1947,7 +1995,10 @@ Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
selected with a variable starting with \fBLC_\fP.
.TP
.B LC_ALL
This variable overrides the value of \fBLANG\fP and any other
This variable overrides the value of
.SM
.B LANG
and any other
\fBLC_\fP variable specifying a locale category.
.TP
.B LC_COLLATE
@@ -1970,7 +2021,9 @@ This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
.TP
.B LINES
Used by the \fBselect\fP builtin command to determine the column length
for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.
for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a
.SM
.BR SIGWINCH .
.TP
.B MAIL
If this parameter is set to a file name and the
@@ -2026,8 +2079,10 @@ the shell looks for commands (see
.SM
.B COMMAND EXECUTION
below).
A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of \fBPATH\fP indicates the
current directory.
A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of
.SM
.B PATH
indicates the current directory.
A null directory name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial
or trailing colon.
The default path is system-dependent,
@@ -2068,6 +2123,7 @@ below) and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
.TP
.B PS2
The value of this parameter is expanded as with
.SM
.B PS1
and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is
``\fB> \fP''.
@@ -2082,6 +2138,7 @@ above).
.TP
.B PS4
The value of this parameter is expanded as with
.SM
.B PS1
and the value is printed before each command
.B bash
@@ -2145,10 +2202,16 @@ If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.
A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
.TP
.B TMOUT
If set to a value greater than zero, \fBTMOUT\fP is treated as the
If set to a value greater than zero,
.SM
.B TMOUT
is treated as the
default timeout for the \fBread\fP builtin.
The \fBselect\fP command terminates if input does not arrive
after \fBTMOUT\fP seconds when input is coming from a terminal.
after
.SM
.B TMOUT
seconds when input is coming from a terminal.
In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the
number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt.
.B Bash
@@ -3096,7 +3159,10 @@ or a
.B ^
then any character not enclosed is matched.
The sorting order of characters in range expressions is determined by
the current locale and the value of the \fBLC_COLLATE\fP shell variable,
the current locale and the value of the
.SM
.B LC_COLLATE
shell variable,
if set.
A
.B \-
@@ -4077,7 +4143,7 @@ arguments, if any.
.SH COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT
The shell has an \fIexecution environment\fP, which consists of the
following:
.sp 1
.if n .sp 1
.IP \(bu
open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
redirections supplied to the \fBexec\fP builtin
@@ -4104,14 +4170,16 @@ options enabled by \fBshopt\fP
shell aliases defined with \fBalias\fP
.IP \(bu
various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value
of \fB$$\fP, and the value of \fB$PPID\fP
of \fB$$\fP, and the value of
.SM
.B PPID
.PP
When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function
is to be executed, it
is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of
the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited
from the shell.
.sp 1
.if n .sp 1
.IP \(bu
the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified
by redirections to the command
@@ -4568,11 +4636,19 @@ the version of \fBbash\fP (e.g., 2.00)
the release of \fBbash\fP, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
.TP
.B \ew
the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP abbreviated with a tilde
(uses the \fB$PROMPT_DIRTRIM\fP variable)
the current working directory, with
.SM
.B $HOME
abbreviated with a tilde
(uses the value of the
.SM
.B PROMPT_DIRTRIM
variable)
.TP
.B \eW
the basename of the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP
the basename of the current working directory, with
.SM
.B $HOME
abbreviated with a tilde
.TP
.B \e!
@@ -5969,7 +6045,10 @@ option to the
builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the
\fIcommand history\fP,
the list of commands previously typed.
The value of the \fBHISTSIZE\fP variable is used as the
The value of the
.SM
.B HISTSIZE
variable is used as the
number of commands to save in a history list.
The text of the last
.SM
@@ -6029,7 +6108,7 @@ is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is
not saved.
If the
.SM
.HISTTIMEFORMAT
.B HISTTIMEFORMAT
variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked
with the history comment character, so
they may be preserved across shell sessions.
@@ -6135,7 +6214,7 @@ If the
.B histverify
shell option is enabled (see the description of the
.B shopt
builtin), and
builtin below), and
.B readline
is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to
the shell parser.
@@ -6528,13 +6607,17 @@ Remove any current binding for \fIkeyseq\fP.
Cause \fIshell\-command\fP to be executed whenever \fIkeyseq\fP is
entered.
When \fIshell\-command\fP is executed, the shell sets the
.SM
.B READLINE_LINE
variable to the contents of the \fBreadline\fP line buffer and the
.SM
.B READLINE_POINT
variable to the current location of the insertion point.
If the executed command changes the value of
.SM
.B READLINE_LINE
or
.SM
.BR READLINE_POINT ,
those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
.PD
@@ -6622,7 +6705,10 @@ option forces symbolic links to be followed. An argument of
is equivalent to
.SM
.BR $OLDPWD .
If a non-empty directory name from \fBCDPATH\fP is used, or if
If a non-empty directory name from
.SM
.B CDPATH
is used, or if
\fB\-\fP is the first argument, and the directory change is
successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is
written to the standard output.
@@ -6643,6 +6729,7 @@ are executed. If the
option is given, the search for
.I command
is performed using a default value for
.SM
.B PATH
that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities.
If either the
@@ -6979,8 +7066,8 @@ Use function names only.
.B \-i
The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see
.SM
.B "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" ") "
is performed when the variable is assigned a value.
.B "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION"
above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value.
.TP
.B \-l
When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case characters are
@@ -7009,7 +7096,7 @@ Mark \fIname\fPs for export to subsequent commands via the environment.
Using `+' instead of `\-'
turns off the attribute instead,
with the exceptions that \fB+a\fP
may not be used to destroy an array variable and \fB+r\fB will not
may not be used to destroy an array variable and \fB+r\fP will not
remove the readonly attribute.
When used in a function,
makes each
@@ -7082,7 +7169,7 @@ Without options, each
is removed from the table of active jobs.
If
.I jobspec
is not present, and neither \fB\-a\fB nor \fB\-r\fP is supplied,
is not present, and neither \fB\-a\fP nor \fB\-r\fP is supplied,
the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used.
If the \fB\-h\fP option is given, each
.I jobspec
@@ -7451,7 +7538,9 @@ is to be used.
.sp 1
When the end of options is encountered, \fBgetopts\fP exits with a
return value greater than zero.
\fBOPTIND\fP is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
.SM
.B OPTIND
is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
and \fBname\fP is set to ?.
.sp 1
.B getopts
@@ -7595,7 +7684,10 @@ have been modified. An argument of
lists only the last
.I n
lines.
If the shell variable \fBHISTTIMEFORMAT\fP is set and not null,
If the shell variable
.SM
.B HISTTIMEFORMAT
is set and not null,
it is used as a format string for \fIstrftime\fP(3) to display
the time stamp associated with each displayed history entry.
No intervening blank is printed between the formatted time stamp
@@ -7647,7 +7739,10 @@ history list is removed before the
are added.
.PD
.PP
If the \fBHISTTIMEFORMAT\fP is set, the time stamp information
If the
.SM
.B HISTTIMEFORMAT
variable is set, the time stamp information
associated with each history entry is written to the history file,
marked with the history comment character.
When the history file is read, lines beginning with the history
@@ -7762,7 +7857,8 @@ Each
.I arg
is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see
.SM
.BR "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" ).
.B "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION"
above).
If the last
.I arg
evaluates to 0,
@@ -7807,7 +7903,10 @@ or from file descriptor
if the
.B \-u
option is supplied.
The variable \fBMAPFILE\fP is the default \fIarray\fP.
The variable
.SM
.B MAPFILE
is the default \fIarray\fP.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
.RS
.PD 0
@@ -7828,7 +7927,7 @@ The default index is 0.
Discard the first \fIcount\fP lines read.
.TP
.B \-t
Remove a trailing line from each line read.
Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
.TP
.B \-u
Read lines from file descriptor \fIfd\fP instead of the standard input.
@@ -8228,6 +8327,7 @@ being inverted with
A trap on \fBERR\fP, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
separately (see
.SM
.B "COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT"
above), and may cause
subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
@@ -8407,9 +8507,12 @@ files are not processed, shell functions are not inherited from the
environment, and the
.SM
.BR SHELLOPTS ,
.SM
.BR BASHOPTS ,
.SM
.BR CDPATH ,
and
.SM
.B GLOBIGNORE
variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored.
If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
@@ -8622,7 +8725,10 @@ longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
If set, \fBbash\fP lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
intervening command (see \fBJOB CONTROL\fP above). The shell always
intervening command (see
.SM
.B "JOB CONTROL"
above). The shell always
postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
.TP 8
.B checkwinsize
@@ -8706,8 +8812,12 @@ executed by the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins), a call to
\fBreturn\fP is simulated.
.TP
.B 4.
\fBBASH_ARGC\fP and \fBBASH_ARGV\fP are updated as described in their
descriptions above.
.SM
.B BASH_ARGC
and
.SM
.B BASH_ARGV
are updated as described in their descriptions above.
.TP
.B 5.
Function tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and
@@ -8734,13 +8844,18 @@ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion
result in an expansion error.
.TP 8
.B force_fignore
If set, the suffixes specified by the \fBFIGNORE\fP shell variable
If set, the suffixes specified by the
.SM
.B FIGNORE
shell variable
cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
the ignored words are the only possible completions.
See
.SM
\fBSHELL VARIABLES\fP
above for a description of \fBFIGNORE\fP.
above for a description of
.SM
.BR FIGNORE .
This option is enabled by default.
.TP 8
.B globstar
@@ -8756,6 +8871,7 @@ message format.
.B histappend
If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value
of the
.SM
.B HISTFILE
variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file.
.TP 8
@@ -8822,7 +8938,10 @@ If set, and
.B readline
is being used,
.B bash
will not attempt to search the \fBPATH\fP for possible completions when
will not attempt to search the
.SM
.B PATH
for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
.TP 8
.B nocaseglob
@@ -9353,6 +9472,8 @@ Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
passed to subsequent commands.
If any of
.SM
.BR COMP_WORDBREAKS ,
.SM
.BR RANDOM ,
.SM
.BR SECONDS ,
@@ -9409,10 +9530,14 @@ with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed:
changing directories with \fBcd\fP
.IP \(bu
setting or unsetting the values of
.SM
.BR SHELL ,
.SM
.BR PATH ,
.SM
.BR ENV ,
or
.SM
.B BASH_ENV
.IP \(bu
specifying command names containing
@@ -9432,7 +9557,10 @@ builtin command
.IP \(bu
importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup
.IP \(bu
parsing the value of \fBSHELLOPTS\fP from the shell environment at startup
parsing the value of
.SM
.B SHELLOPTS
from the shell environment at startup
.IP \(bu
redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators
.IP \(bu
doc/bash.html
+263 -87
View File
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2009 December 23<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2009 December 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
@@ -558,13 +558,16 @@ files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment, the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELLOPTS</B>,
</FONT>
<B>BASHOPTS</B>,
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASHOPTS</B>,
<B>CDPATH</B>,
</FONT>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>,
</FONT>
and
<B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
</FONT>
variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored,
and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
If the <B>-p</B> option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
@@ -938,10 +941,21 @@ of alphabetic characters.
Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
string.
Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
expression are saved in the array variable <B>BASH_REMATCH</B>.
The element of <B>BASH_REMATCH</B> with index 0 is the portion of the string
expression are saved in the array variable
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_REMATCH</B>.
</FONT>
The element of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_REMATCH</B>
</FONT>
with index 0 is the portion of the string
matching the entire regular expression.
The element of <B>BASH_REMATCH</B> with index <I>n</I> is the portion of the
The element of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_REMATCH</B>
</FONT>
with index <I>n</I> is the portion of the
string matching the <I>n</I>th parenthesized subexpression.
<P>
@@ -1032,8 +1046,9 @@ error, each preceded by a number. If the <B>in</B>
</FONT>
below). The
<B>PS3</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PS3</B>
</FONT>
prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input.
If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of
the displayed words, then the value of
@@ -1045,8 +1060,9 @@ other value read causes
<I>name</I>
to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable
<B>REPLY</B>.
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>REPLY</B>.
</FONT>
The
<I>list</I>
@@ -1363,6 +1379,9 @@ alert (bell)
backspace
<DT><B>\e</B>
<DD>
<DT><B>\E</B>
<DD>
an escape character
<DT><B>\f</B>
@@ -1393,6 +1412,10 @@ backslash
<DD>
single quote
<DT><B>\dq</B>
<DD>
double quote
<DT><B>\</B><I>nnn</I>
<DD>
@@ -1757,9 +1780,14 @@ The number of
parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
with <B>.</B> or <B>source</B>) is at the top of the stack.
When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
<B>BASH_ARGC</B>.
The shell sets <B>BASH_ARGC</B> only when in extended debugging mode
(see the description of the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ARGC</B>.
</FONT>
The shell sets
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ARGC</B>
</FONT>
only when in extended debugging mode (see the description of the
<B>extdebug</B>
option to the
@@ -1773,8 +1801,15 @@ An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current <B>bash</B>
execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
are pushed onto <B>BASH_ARGV</B>.
The shell sets <B>BASH_ARGV</B> only when in extended debugging mode
are pushed onto
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ARGV</B>.
</FONT>
The shell sets
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ARGV</B>
</FONT>
only when in extended debugging mode
(see the description of the
<B>extdebug</B>
@@ -1803,13 +1838,20 @@ The command argument to the <B>-c</B> invocation option.
<DD>
An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
corresponding to each member of <B>FUNCNAME</B>.
corresponding to each member of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCNAME</B>.
</FONT>
<B>${BASH_LINENO[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B> is the line number in the source
file where <B>${FUNCNAME[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B> was called
(or <B>${BASH_LINENO[</B><I>$i-1</I><B>]}</B> if referenced within another
shell function).
The corresponding source file name is <B>${BASH_SOURCE[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B>.
Use <B>LINENO</B> to obtain the current line number.
Use
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>LINENO</B>
</FONT>
to obtain the current line number.
<DT><B>BASH_REMATCH</B>
<DD>
@@ -1824,7 +1866,11 @@ This variable is read-only.
<DD>
An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
to the elements in the <B>FUNCNAME</B> array variable.
to the elements in the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCNAME</B>
</FONT>
array variable.
<DT><B>BASH_SUBSHELL</B>
<DD>
@@ -1865,7 +1911,10 @@ The release status (e.g., <I>beta1</I>).
<DT><B>BASH_VERSINFO[</B>5]
<DD>
The value of <B>MACHTYPE</B>.
The value of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>MACHTYPE</B>.
</FONT>
</DL></DL>
@@ -1939,7 +1988,10 @@ subsequently reset.
An array variable (see <B>Arrays</B> below) consisting of the individual
words in the current command line.
The line is split into words as <B>readline</B> would split it, using
<B>COMP_WORDBREAKS</B> as described above.
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_WORDBREAKS</B>
</FONT>
as described above.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see <B>Programmable Completion</B>
below).
@@ -2252,11 +2304,22 @@ will write the trace output generated when
<TT>set -x</TT>
is enabled to that file descriptor.
The file descriptor is closed when <B>BASH_XTRACEFD</B> is unset or assigned
a new value.
Unsetting <B>BASH_XTRACEFD</B> or assigning it the empty string causes the
The file descriptor is closed when
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_XTRACEFD</B>
</FONT>
is unset or assigned a new value.
Unsetting
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_XTRACEFD</B>
</FONT>
or assigning it the empty string causes the
trace output to be sent to the standard error.
Note that setting BASH_XTRACEFD to 2 (the standard error file
Note that setting
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_XTRACEFD</B>
</FONT>
to 2 (the standard error file
descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error
being closed.
<DT><B>COLUMNS</B>
@@ -2340,15 +2403,21 @@ A value of
causes all previous lines matching the current line to be removed from
the history list before that line is saved.
Any value not in the above list is ignored.
If <B>HISTCONTROL</B> is unset, or does not include a valid value,
If
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTCONTROL</B>
</FONT>
is unset, or does not include a valid value,
all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list,
subject to the value of
<B>HISTIGNORE</B>.
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTIGNORE</B>.
</FONT>
The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
<B>HISTCONTROL</B>.
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTCONTROL</B>.
</FONT>
<DT><B>HISTFILE</B>
<DD>
@@ -2375,16 +2444,18 @@ should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the
beginning of the line and must match the complete line (no implicit
`<B>*</B>' is appended). Each pattern is tested against the line
after the checks specified by
<B>HISTCONTROL</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTCONTROL</B>
</FONT>
are applied.
In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `<B>&amp;</B>'
matches the previous history line. `<B>&amp;</B>' may be escaped using a
backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
<B>HISTIGNORE</B>.
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTIGNORE</B>.
</FONT>
<DT><B>HISTSIZE</B>
<DD>
@@ -2499,7 +2570,11 @@ selected with a variable starting with <B>LC_</B>.
<DT><B>LC_ALL</B>
<DD>
This variable overrides the value of <B>LANG</B> and any other
This variable overrides the value of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>LANG</B>
</FONT>
and any other
<B>LC_</B> variable specifying a locale category.
<DT><B>LC_COLLATE</B>
@@ -2527,7 +2602,10 @@ This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
<DD>
Used by the <B>select</B> builtin command to determine the column length
for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.
for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGWINCH</B>.
</FONT>
<DT><B>MAIL</B>
<DD>
@@ -2600,8 +2678,11 @@ the shell looks for commands (see
</FONT>
below).
A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of <B>PATH</B> indicates the
current directory.
A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
</FONT>
indicates the current directory.
A null directory name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial
or trailing colon.
The default path is system-dependent,
@@ -2651,8 +2732,9 @@ below) and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
<DD>
The value of this parameter is expanded as with
<B>PS1</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PS1</B>
</FONT>
and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is
``<B>&gt; </B>''.
<DT><B>PS3</B>
@@ -2670,8 +2752,9 @@ above).
<DD>
The value of this parameter is expanded as with
<B>PS1</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PS1</B>
</FONT>
and the value is printed before each command
<B>bash</B>
@@ -2748,10 +2831,18 @@ A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
<DT><B>TMOUT</B>
<DD>
If set to a value greater than zero, <B>TMOUT</B> is treated as the
If set to a value greater than zero,
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>TMOUT</B>
</FONT>
is treated as the
default timeout for the <B>read</B> builtin.
The <B>select</B> command terminates if input does not arrive
after <B>TMOUT</B> seconds when input is coming from a terminal.
after
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>TMOUT</B>
</FONT>
seconds when input is coming from a terminal.
In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the
number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt.
<B>Bash</B>
@@ -3946,7 +4037,11 @@ or a
then any character not enclosed is matched.
The sorting order of characters in range expressions is determined by
the current locale and the value of the <B>LC_COLLATE</B> shell variable,
the current locale and the value of the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>LC_COLLATE</B>
</FONT>
shell variable,
if set.
A
<B>-</B>
@@ -5243,7 +5338,7 @@ arguments, if any.
The shell has an <I>execution environment</I>, which consists of the
following:
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT>*<DD>
open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
@@ -5271,7 +5366,10 @@ options enabled by <B>shopt</B>
shell aliases defined with <B>alias</B>
<DT>*<DD>
various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value
of <B>$$</B>, and the value of <B>$PPID</B>
of <B>$$</B>, and the value of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PPID</B>
</FONT>
</DL>
<P>
@@ -5280,7 +5378,7 @@ is to be executed, it
is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of
the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited
from the shell.
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT>*<DD>
the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified
@@ -5890,12 +5988,23 @@ the release of <B>bash</B>, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
<DT><B>\w</B>
<DD>
the current working directory, with <B>$HOME</B> abbreviated with a tilde
(uses the <B>$PROMPT_DIRTRIM</B> variable)
the current working directory, with
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$HOME</B>
</FONT>
abbreviated with a tilde
(uses the value of the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</B>
</FONT>
variable)
<DT><B>\W</B>
<DD>
the basename of the current working directory, with <B>$HOME</B>
the basename of the current working directory, with
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$HOME</B>
</FONT>
abbreviated with a tilde
<DT><B>\!</B>
@@ -7701,7 +7810,11 @@ option to the
builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the
<I>command history</I>,
the list of commands previously typed.
The value of the <B>HISTSIZE</B> variable is used as the
The value of the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTSIZE</B>
</FONT>
variable is used as the
number of commands to save in a history list.
The text of the last
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTSIZE</B>
@@ -7775,7 +7888,8 @@ If
is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is
not saved.
If the
<FONT SIZE=-1>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B>
</FONT>
variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked
with the history comment character, so
@@ -7909,7 +8023,7 @@ If the
shell option is enabled (see the description of the
<B>shopt</B>
builtin), and
builtin below), and
<B>readline</B>
is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to
@@ -8422,18 +8536,22 @@ Remove any current binding for <I>keyseq</I>.
Cause <I>shell-command</I> to be executed whenever <I>keyseq</I> is
entered.
When <I>shell-command</I> is executed, the shell sets the
<B>READLINE_LINE</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE_LINE</B>
</FONT>
variable to the contents of the <B>readline</B> line buffer and the
<B>READLINE_POINT</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE_POINT</B>
</FONT>
variable to the current location of the insertion point.
If the executed command changes the value of
<B>READLINE_LINE</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE_LINE</B>
</FONT>
or
<B>READLINE_POINT</B>,
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE_POINT</B>,
</FONT>
those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
</DL>
@@ -8541,7 +8659,11 @@ is equivalent to
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$OLDPWD</B>.
</FONT>
If a non-empty directory name from <B>CDPATH</B> is used, or if
If a non-empty directory name from
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
</FONT>
is used, or if
<B>-</B> is the first argument, and the directory change is
successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is
written to the standard output.
@@ -8566,8 +8688,9 @@ option is given, the search for
<I>command</I>
is performed using a default value for
<B>PATH</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
</FONT>
that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities.
If either the
<B>-V</B>
@@ -8966,10 +9089,10 @@ Use function names only.
<DD>
The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION ) </B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>
</FONT>
is performed when the variable is assigned a value.
above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value.
<DT><B>-l</B>
<DD>
@@ -9005,11 +9128,11 @@ Mark <I>name</I>s for export to subsequent commands via the environment.
Using `+' instead of `-'
turns off the attribute instead,
with the exceptions that <B>+a</B>
may not be used to destroy an array variable and <B>+r will not
may not be used to destroy an array variable and <B>+r</B> will not
remove the readonly attribute.
When used in a function,
makes each
</B><I>name</I> local, as with the
<I>name</I> local, as with the
<B>local</B>
command.
@@ -9093,7 +9216,7 @@ is removed from the table of active jobs.
If
<I>jobspec</I>
is not present, and neither <B>-a nor -r</B> is supplied,
is not present, and neither <B>-a</B> nor <B>-r</B> is supplied,
the shell's notion of the <I>current job</I> is used.
If the <B>-h</B> option is given, each
<I>jobspec</I>
@@ -9553,7 +9676,10 @@ is to be used.
<P>
When the end of options is encountered, <B>getopts</B> exits with a
return value greater than zero.
<B>OPTIND</B> is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OPTIND</B>
</FONT>
is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
and <B>name</B> is set to ?.
<P>
<B>getopts</B>
@@ -9730,7 +9856,11 @@ lists only the last
<I>n</I>
lines.
If the shell variable <B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B> is set and not null,
If the shell variable
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B>
</FONT>
is set and not null,
it is used as a format string for <I>strftime</I>(3) to display
the time stamp associated with each displayed history entry.
No intervening blank is printed between the formatted time stamp
@@ -9794,7 +9924,11 @@ are added.
</DL>
<P>
If the <B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B> is set, the time stamp information
If the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B>
</FONT>
variable is set, the time stamp information
associated with each history entry is written to the history file,
marked with the history comment character.
When the history file is read, lines beginning with the history
@@ -9938,9 +10072,10 @@ Each
<I>arg</I>
is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>).
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>
</FONT>
above).
If the last
<I>arg</I>
@@ -9996,7 +10131,11 @@ if the
<B>-u</B>
option is supplied.
The variable <B>MAPFILE</B> is the default <I>array</I>.
The variable
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>MAPFILE</B>
</FONT>
is the default <I>array</I>.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
@@ -10025,7 +10164,7 @@ Discard the first <I>count</I> lines read.
<DT><B>-t</B>
<DD>
Remove a trailing line from each line read.
Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
<DT><B>-u</B>
<DD>
@@ -10509,8 +10648,9 @@ being inverted with
A trap on <B>ERR</B>, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
separately (see
<B>COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT</B>
</FONT>
above), and may cause
subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
<DT><B>-f</B>
@@ -10574,6 +10714,12 @@ with the
option.
This also affects the editing interface used for <B>read -e</B>.
<DT><B>errexit</B>
<DD>
Same as
<B>-e</B>.
<DT><B>errtrace</B>
<DD>
@@ -10586,12 +10732,6 @@ Same as
Same as
<B>-T</B>.
<DT><B>errexit</B>
<DD>
Same as
<B>-e</B>.
<DT><B>hashall</B>
<DD>
@@ -10757,13 +10897,16 @@ environment, and the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELLOPTS</B>,
</FONT>
<B>BASHOPTS</B>,
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASHOPTS</B>,
<B>CDPATH</B>,
</FONT>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>,
</FONT>
and
<B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
</FONT>
variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored.
If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
real user (group) id, and the <B>-p</B> option is not supplied, these actions
@@ -11035,7 +11178,11 @@ longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
If set, <B>bash</B> lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
intervening command (see <B>JOB CONTROL</B> above). The shell always
intervening command (see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>JOB CONTROL</B>
</FONT>
above). The shell always
postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
<DT><B>checkwinsize</B>
@@ -11145,8 +11292,14 @@ executed by the <B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins), a call to
<DT><B>4.</B>
<DD>
<B>BASH_ARGC</B> and <B>BASH_ARGV</B> are updated as described in their
descriptions above.
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ARGC</B>
</FONT>
and
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ARGV</B>
</FONT>
are updated as described in their descriptions above.
<DT><B>5.</B>
<DD>
@@ -11180,12 +11333,19 @@ result in an expansion error.
<DT><B>force_fignore</B>
<DD>
If set, the suffixes specified by the <B>FIGNORE</B> shell variable
If set, the suffixes specified by the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FIGNORE</B>
</FONT>
shell variable
cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
the ignored words are the only possible completions.
See
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL VARIABLES</B></FONT>
above for a description of <B>FIGNORE</B>.
above for a description of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FIGNORE</B>.
</FONT>
This option is enabled by default.
<DT><B>globstar</B>
@@ -11204,8 +11364,9 @@ message format.
<DD>
If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value
of the
<B>HISTFILE</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILE</B>
</FONT>
variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file.
<DT><B>histreedit</B>
@@ -11292,7 +11453,11 @@ If set, and
is being used,
<B>bash</B>
will not attempt to search the <B>PATH</B> for possible completions when
will not attempt to search the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
</FONT>
for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
<DT><B>nocaseglob</B>
@@ -11962,6 +12127,9 @@ is removed.
Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
passed to subsequent commands.
If any of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_WORDBREAKS</B>,
</FONT>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>RANDOM</B>,
</FONT>
@@ -12038,15 +12206,19 @@ with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed:
changing directories with <B>cd</B>
<DT>*<DD>
setting or unsetting the values of
<B>SHELL</B>,
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL</B>,
<B>PATH</B>,
</FONT>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>,
<B>ENV</B>,
</FONT>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ENV</B>,
</FONT>
or
<B>BASH_ENV</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ENV</B>
</FONT>
<DT>*<DD>
specifying command names containing
<B>/</B>
@@ -12070,7 +12242,11 @@ builtin command
<DT>*<DD>
importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup
<DT>*<DD>
parsing the value of <B>SHELLOPTS</B> from the shell environment at startup
parsing the value of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELLOPTS</B>
</FONT>
from the shell environment at startup
<DT>*<DD>
redirecting output using the &gt;, &gt;|, &lt;&gt;, &gt;&amp;, &amp;&gt;, and &gt;&gt; redirection operators
<DT>*<DD>
@@ -12284,7 +12460,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.1<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2009 December 23<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.1<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2009 December 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
@@ -12390,6 +12566,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
Time: 23 December 2009 16:47:15 EST
Time: 30 December 2009 13:07:38 EST
</BODY>
</HTML>
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<!-- Created on December, 23 2009 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!-- Created on December, 29 2009 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
@@ -688,6 +688,7 @@ present, are decoded as follows:
<DT><CODE>\b</CODE>
<DD>backspace
<DT><CODE>\e</CODE>
<DD><DT><CODE>\E</CODE>
<DD>an escape character (not ANSI C)
<DT><CODE>\f</CODE>
<DD>form feed
@@ -703,6 +704,8 @@ present, are decoded as follows:
<DD>backslash
<DT><CODE>\'</CODE>
<DD>single quote
<DT><CODE>\"</CODE>
<DD>double quote
<DT><CODE>\<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE>
<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <VAR>nnn</VAR>
(one to three digits)
@@ -4756,7 +4759,7 @@ The default index is 0.
<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
<DD>Discard the first <VAR>count</VAR> lines read.
<DT><CODE>-t</CODE>
<DD>Remove a trailing line from each line read.
<DD>Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
<DT><CODE>-u</CODE>
<DD>Read lines from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR> instead of the standard input.
<DT><CODE>-C</CODE>
@@ -16052,7 +16055,7 @@ to permit their use in free software.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 23 2009</I>
This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 29 2009</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
@@ -16214,7 +16217,7 @@ the following structure:
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 23 2009</I>
by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 29 2009</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
doc/bashref.info
+119 -115
View File
@@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ decoded as follows:
backspace
`\e'
`\E'
an escape character (not ANSI C)
`\f'
@@ -465,6 +466,9 @@ decoded as follows:
`\''
single quote
`\"'
double quote
`\NNN'
the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value NNN (one to
three digits)
@@ -3138,7 +3142,7 @@ POSIX standard.
Discard the first COUNT lines read.
`-t'
Remove a trailing line from each line read.
Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
`-u'
Read lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard
@@ -10226,119 +10230,119 @@ Node: Escape Character14830
Node: Single Quotes15315
Node: Double Quotes15663
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16788
Node: Locale Translation17744
Node: Comments18640
Node: Shell Commands19258
Node: Simple Commands20082
Node: Pipelines20713
Node: Lists22969
Node: Compound Commands24698
Node: Looping Constructs25502
Node: Conditional Constructs27957
Node: Command Grouping36070
Node: Coprocesses37549
Node: Shell Functions39193
Node: Shell Parameters43747
Node: Positional Parameters46163
Node: Special Parameters47063
Node: Shell Expansions50027
Node: Brace Expansion51952
Node: Tilde Expansion54707
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion57058
Node: Command Substitution65959
Node: Arithmetic Expansion67292
Node: Process Substitution68142
Node: Word Splitting69192
Node: Filename Expansion70815
Node: Pattern Matching72954
Node: Quote Removal76593
Node: Redirections76888
Node: Executing Commands85413
Node: Simple Command Expansion86083
Node: Command Search and Execution88013
Node: Command Execution Environment90350
Node: Environment93336
Node: Exit Status94996
Node: Signals96617
Node: Shell Scripts98585
Node: Shell Builtin Commands101103
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins103131
Node: Bash Builtins120507
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior145332
Node: The Set Builtin145677
Node: The Shopt Builtin155201
Node: Special Builtins166063
Node: Shell Variables167042
Node: Bourne Shell Variables167482
Node: Bash Variables169463
Node: Bash Features192949
Node: Invoking Bash193832
Node: Bash Startup Files199641
Node: Interactive Shells204653
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?205063
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?205712
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior206527
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions209807
Node: Shell Arithmetic213456
Node: Aliases216202
Node: Arrays218774
Node: The Directory Stack222732
Node: Directory Stack Builtins223446
Node: Printing a Prompt226338
Node: The Restricted Shell229090
Node: Bash POSIX Mode230922
Node: Job Control238979
Node: Job Control Basics239439
Node: Job Control Builtins244156
Node: Job Control Variables248520
Node: Command Line Editing249678
Node: Introduction and Notation251245
Node: Readline Interaction252867
Node: Readline Bare Essentials254058
Node: Readline Movement Commands255847
Node: Readline Killing Commands256812
Node: Readline Arguments258732
Node: Searching259776
Node: Readline Init File261962
Node: Readline Init File Syntax263109
Node: Conditional Init Constructs277596
Node: Sample Init File280129
Node: Bindable Readline Commands283246
Node: Commands For Moving284453
Node: Commands For History285597
Node: Commands For Text288752
Node: Commands For Killing291425
Node: Numeric Arguments293876
Node: Commands For Completion295015
Node: Keyboard Macros298975
Node: Miscellaneous Commands299546
Node: Readline vi Mode305352
Node: Programmable Completion306266
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins313472
Node: Using History Interactively322608
Node: Bash History Facilities323292
Node: Bash History Builtins326206
Node: History Interaction330063
Node: Event Designators332768
Node: Word Designators333783
Node: Modifiers335422
Node: Installing Bash336826
Node: Basic Installation337963
Node: Compilers and Options340655
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures341396
Node: Installation Names343060
Node: Specifying the System Type343878
Node: Sharing Defaults344594
Node: Operation Controls345267
Node: Optional Features346225
Node: Reporting Bugs355784
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell356985
Node: GNU Free Documentation License373672
Node: Indexes398868
Node: Builtin Index399322
Node: Reserved Word Index406149
Node: Variable Index408597
Node: Function Index420690
Node: Concept Index427699
Node: Locale Translation17773
Node: Comments18669
Node: Shell Commands19287
Node: Simple Commands20111
Node: Pipelines20742
Node: Lists22998
Node: Compound Commands24727
Node: Looping Constructs25531
Node: Conditional Constructs27986
Node: Command Grouping36099
Node: Coprocesses37578
Node: Shell Functions39222
Node: Shell Parameters43776
Node: Positional Parameters46192
Node: Special Parameters47092
Node: Shell Expansions50056
Node: Brace Expansion51981
Node: Tilde Expansion54736
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion57087
Node: Command Substitution65988
Node: Arithmetic Expansion67321
Node: Process Substitution68171
Node: Word Splitting69221
Node: Filename Expansion70844
Node: Pattern Matching72983
Node: Quote Removal76622
Node: Redirections76917
Node: Executing Commands85442
Node: Simple Command Expansion86112
Node: Command Search and Execution88042
Node: Command Execution Environment90379
Node: Environment93365
Node: Exit Status95025
Node: Signals96646
Node: Shell Scripts98614
Node: Shell Builtin Commands101132
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins103160
Node: Bash Builtins120536
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior145364
Node: The Set Builtin145709
Node: The Shopt Builtin155233
Node: Special Builtins166095
Node: Shell Variables167074
Node: Bourne Shell Variables167514
Node: Bash Variables169495
Node: Bash Features192981
Node: Invoking Bash193864
Node: Bash Startup Files199673
Node: Interactive Shells204685
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?205095
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?205744
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior206559
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions209839
Node: Shell Arithmetic213488
Node: Aliases216234
Node: Arrays218806
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Node: Directory Stack Builtins223478
Node: Printing a Prompt226370
Node: The Restricted Shell229122
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Node: Job Control239011
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Node: Job Control Builtins244188
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Node: Readline Killing Commands256844
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Node: Searching259808
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Node: Readline Init File Syntax263141
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Node: Commands For History285629
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Node: Miscellaneous Commands299578
Node: Readline vi Mode305384
Node: Programmable Completion306298
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins313504
Node: Using History Interactively322640
Node: Bash History Facilities323324
Node: Bash History Builtins326238
Node: History Interaction330095
Node: Event Designators332800
Node: Word Designators333815
Node: Modifiers335454
Node: Installing Bash336858
Node: Basic Installation337995
Node: Compilers and Options340687
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures341428
Node: Installation Names343092
Node: Specifying the System Type343910
Node: Sharing Defaults344626
Node: Operation Controls345299
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Node: Reporting Bugs355816
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell357017
Node: GNU Free Documentation License373704
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End Tag Table
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b(When)39 b(the)h(command)f(history)150 1019 y(expansion)i(facilities)j
b(When)39 b(the)h(command)f(history)150 1012 y(expansion)i(facilities)j
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b(expansion)h Ft(c)m(haracter,)h(usually)f(`)p Fs(!)p
Ft(',)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(quoted)h(to)g(prev)m(en)m(t)g(history)g
(expansion.)41 b(See)150 1238 y(Section)22 b(9.1)g([Bash)f(History)h(F)
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@@ -8253,8 +8253,8 @@ b(The)30 b(default)h(index)f(is)g(0.)p eop end
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doc/bashref.texi
+1 -1
View File
@@ -3666,7 +3666,7 @@ The default index is 0.
@item -s
Discard the first @var{count} lines read.
@item -t
Remove a trailing line from each line read.
Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
@item -u
Read lines from file descriptor @var{fd} instead of the standard input.
@item -C
doc/builtins.0
+25 -25
View File
@@ -368,8 +368,8 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
above).
--ff Use function names only.
--ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN )) is performed when the
variable is assigned a value.
tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
--ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
@@ -387,8 +387,8 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari-
able and ++rr wwiillll nnoott rreemmoovvee tthhee rreeaaddoonnllyy aattttrriibbuuttee.. WWhheenn uusseedd
iinn aa ffuunnccttiioonn,, mmaakkeess eeaacchh _n_a_m_e llooccaall,, aass wwiitthh tthhee llooccaall command.
able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
in a function, makes each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command.
If a variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the vari-
able is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The return value is 0 unless an invalid
option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function
@@ -426,9 +426,9 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...]
Without options, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is removed from the table of
active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nnoorr --rr
iiss ssuupppplliieedd,, tthhee sshheellll''ss nnoottiioonn ooff tthhee _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b iiss uusseedd.. IIff
tthhee --hh ooppttiioonn iiss ggiivveenn,, eeaacchh _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the ta-
active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nor --rr
is supplied, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If
the --hh option is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the ta-
ble, but is marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the
shell receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is present, and neither
the --aa nor the --rr option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used.
@@ -681,16 +681,16 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
The last command in the history list is removed before
the _a_r_g_s are added.
If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT is set, the time stamp information associ-
ated with each history entry is written to the history file,
marked with the history comment character. When the history
file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character
followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps
for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an
invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or
writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is supplied as an
argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument
to --pp fails.
If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0
unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup-
plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as
an argument to --pp fails.
jjoobbss [--llnnpprrss] [ _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... ]
jjoobbss --xx _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ _a_r_g_s ... ]
@@ -729,8 +729,8 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...]
Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH--
MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns
1; 0 is returned otherwise.
MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
--OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default
index is 0.
--ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read.
--tt Remove a trailing line from each line read.
--tt Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
--uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan-
dard input.
--CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The
@@ -1017,11 +1017,11 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee.
eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee.
eerrrrttrraaccee
Same as --EE.
ffuunnccttrraaccee
Same as --TT.
eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee.
hhaasshhaallll Same as --hh.
hhiisstteexxppaanndd
Same as --HH.
@@ -1556,10 +1556,10 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func-
tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
sequent commands. If any of RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD,
FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they lose their special
properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
tus is true unless a _n_a_m_e is readonly.
sequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS,
LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they
lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently
reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is readonly.
wwaaiitt [_n _._._.]
Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
doc/builtins.ps
+239 -236
View File
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
%%CreationDate: Wed Dec 23 16:47:11 2009
%%CreationDate: Wed Dec 30 13:07:37 2009
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
@@ -404,16 +404,16 @@ E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)-.05 G
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4.325 E(mand)180 324 Q F0 1.113(is e)3.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.113
(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F F2(READLINE_LINE)3.613 E F0 -.25(va)
3.613 G 1.113(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 -.18(re)180 336 S
(adline).18 E F0 .586(line b)3.086 F(uf)-.2 E .586(fer and the)-.25 F F2
(READLINE_POINT)3.087 E F0 -.25(va)3.087 G .587
(riable to the current location of the).25 F 1.241(insertion point.)180
348 R 1.241(If the e)6.241 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.241
(cuted command changes the v).15 F 1.241(alue of)-.25 F F2
(READLINE_LINE)3.741 E F0(or)3.74 E F2(READLINE_POINT)180 360 Q F0 2.5
(,t)C(hose ne)-2.5 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G
4.325 E(mand)180 324 Q F0 1.765(is e)4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765
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4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2
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(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353
(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180
348 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011
(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3
(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 360 Q/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G
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(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ E F2(br)108 393.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .054
(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F2(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2
(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0 .055
(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ls.).15 E F1(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F3 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555
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E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 417.6 Q F1(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\
number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714
(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144
@@ -461,18 +461,18 @@ ent e)144 559.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001
(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 612 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
(\255L|-P)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21
(Change the current directory to)144 624 R F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C
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(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v)
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.21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F
(ault)-.1 E F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25
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(ull directory name in)-3.264 F F3(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E
F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 660 Q 2.973
(,i)-.65 G .473(.e., `)-2.973 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.473(.I)
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(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
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(option says to use)2.974 F .58(the ph)144 672 R .58
(ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579
@@ -481,12 +481,12 @@ F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 660 Q 2.973
(iltin command\); the).2 F F2<ad4c>3.383 E F0 .884
(option forces symbolic links to be follo)3.384 F 3.384(wed. An)-.25 F
(ar)3.384 E .884(gument of)-.18 F F2<ad>3.384 E F0(is)3.384 E(equi)144
696 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .063(lent to).25 F F4($OLDPWD)2.563 E/F5 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .063(If a non-empty directory name from)4.563 F
F2(CDP)2.562 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .062(is used, or if)2.562 F F2
<ad>2.562 E F0 .062(is the \214rst)2.562 F(ar)144 708 Q .116(gument, an\
d the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)
-.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F 1.165
696 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .316(lent to).25 F F3($OLDPWD)2.816 E F4(.)A F0
.316(If a non-empty directory name from)4.816 F F3(CDP)2.815 E -.855(AT)
-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .315(is used, or if)2.565 F F2<ad>2.815 E F0 .315
(is the \214rst)2.815 F(ar)144 708 Q .116(gument, and the directory cha\
nge is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25
G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F 1.165
(tory is written to the standard output.)144 720 R 1.164(The return v)
6.164 F 1.164(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.164
(as successfully)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(2)
@@ -506,10 +506,10 @@ E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257
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(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2
(command)3.201 E F0(is)3.771 E .231(performed using a def)144 136.8 R
.231(ault v)-.1 F .231(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.731 G(TH)-.21 E F0
.231(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.731 F
(If)5.232 E .175(either the)144 148.8 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1
(command)3.201 E F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 136.8 R
.399(ault v)-.1 F .399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0
.4(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F
(If)5.4 E .175(either the)144 148.8 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1
<ad76>2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2
(command)2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E
F0 .174(option causes)2.674 F 3.11(as)144 160.8 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F
@@ -798,13 +798,14 @@ E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
<ad69>144 672 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558
(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F F3 .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)
-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 684 Q F0(is performed when the v)2.25 E
(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 696 Q F0 .91
(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4
G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 708 R
(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72
768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(5)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)
-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 708 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E
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%%Page: 6 6
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@@ -829,15 +830,15 @@ F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E
(vironment.)-.4 E .121(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 172.8 R
2.621(ft)-.25 G .121(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2
F .12(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F
1.236(to destro)144 184.8 R 3.736(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.736 G 1.237
(rray v)-3.737 F 1.237(ariable and)-.25 F F1 1.237(+r will not r)3.737 F
(emo)-.18 E 1.437 -.1(ve t)-.1 H 1.237(he r).1 F 1.237(eadonly attrib)
-.18 F 3.737(ute. When)-.2 F 1.237(used in a)3.737 F .312(function, mak)
144 196.8 R .312(es each)-.1 F F2(name)2.812 E F1 .311
(local, as with the local)2.812 F F0 2.811(command. If)2.811 F 2.811(av)
2.811 G .311(ariable name is follo)-3.061 F .311(wed by)-.25 F(=)144
208.8 Q F2(value)A F0 3.238(,t)C .738(he v)-3.238 F .738(alue of the v)
-.25 F .738(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738
.644(to destro)144 184.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v)
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3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145
(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F 1.945(tion, mak)144 196.8
R 1.945(es each)-.1 F F2(name)4.445 E F0 1.945(local, as with the)4.445
F F1(local)4.444 E F0 4.444(command. If)4.444 F 4.444(av)4.444 G 1.944
(ariable name is follo)-4.694 F 1.944(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 208.8 Q F2
(value)A F0 3.238(,t)C .738(he v)-3.238 F .738(alue of the v)-.25 F .738
(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738
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.739(lid option is).25 F .603
(encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 220.8
@@ -887,27 +888,27 @@ G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 453.6 Q .257(The return v)144 470.4 R .258
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144 523.2 R F1 .243(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell')2.743 F
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4.244 E F0 .004(is present, and neither the)2.814 F F1<ad61>2.504 E F0
.005(nor the)2.504 F F1<ad72>2.505 E F0 .005(option is)2.505 F 1.229
(supplied, the)144 559.2 R F2(curr)3.729 E 1.229(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229
(is used.)3.729 F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F2(jobspec)5.469 E F0 1.229
(is supplied, the)4.039 F F1<ad61>3.729 E F0 1.228(option means to remo)
3.729 F 1.528 -.15(ve o)-.15 H(r).15 E .656(mark all jobs; the)144 571.2
R F1<ad72>3.156 E F0 .657(option without a)3.156 F F2(jobspec)4.897 E F0
(ar)3.467 E .657(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The)
5.657 E(return v)144 583.2 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E
F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 600 Q
F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E
.395(Output the)144 612 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395
(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895
@@ -1165,8 +1166,8 @@ F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803
2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 561.6
Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 585.6 R F1(getopts)
4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043
(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F1(OPTIND)144 597.6 Q F0
(is set to the inde)2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 597.6 Q F0
(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0
(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 2.392
(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392
@@ -1261,21 +1262,21 @@ F1(history \255p)108 458.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
482.4 S .752
(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2
G 1.23(been modi\214ed.)144 494.4 R 1.23(An ar)6.23 F 1.23(gument of)
-.18 F F2(n)4.09 E F0 1.231(lists only the last)3.97 F F2(n)4.091 E F0
3.731(lines. If)3.971 F 1.231(the shell v)3.731 F(ariable)-.25 E F1
(HISTTIME-)3.731 E(FORMA)144 506.4 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .25
(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.75 F F2
(strftime)2.749 E F0 .249(\(3\) to display the time stamp)B .378
(associated with each displayed history entry)144 518.4 R 5.378(.N)-.65
G 2.878(oi)-5.378 G(nterv)-2.878 E .379
(ening blank is printed between the format-)-.15 F .815
(ted time stamp and the history line.)144 530.4 R(If)5.814 E F2
(\214lename)3.314 E F0 .814
(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history)3.314 F
(\214le; if not, the v)144 542.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0
(is used.)2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 554.4 Q F0
G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 494.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F
F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88
(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-)
2.881 E(MA)144 506.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265
(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2
(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019
(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 518.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019
(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176
(time stamp and the history line.)144 530.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename)
2.676 E F0 .176
(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F
(not, the v)144 542.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)
2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 554.4 Q F0
(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1<ad64>144
566.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position)
180 578.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 590.4 Q F0 .598
@@ -1309,128 +1310,129 @@ E 0 Cg EP
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .28(If the)
144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95 E F0 .28
(is set, the time stamp information associated with each history entry)
2.78 F .54(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 96 R .539
(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.539(.W)-.55 G .539
(hen the history \214le is)-5.539 F 1.778(read, lines be)144 108 R 1.778
(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.779
(wed immediately by a digit are)-.25 F 1.424
(interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 120 R 1.424
(vious history line.)-.25 F 1.424(The return v)6.424 F 1.424
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .145(If the)
144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25
(va)2.395 G .145
(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 96 R .669
(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 108 R .956
(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416
(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 120 R .416
(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\
ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\
, an in)144 132 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)3 E
(fset)-.18 E F0(is)3 E(supplied as an ar)144 144 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1
<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E
(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1
(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5
(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 172.8 Q F2(command)
2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E
(fset)-.18 E F0(is)3 E(supplied as an ar)144 144 Q(gument to)-.18 E/F3
10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)
-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F3<ad70>2.5 E
F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F3(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lnprs)A
F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F3(jobs \255x)108 172.8 Q F2
(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E
(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5
(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 196.8 Q F0
(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6c>144 196.8 Q F0
(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F3
<ad70>144 208.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5
(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 220.8 Q F0
(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3<ad6e>144 220.8 Q F0
.194(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)
-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F
(\214ed of their status.)180 232.8 Q F1<ad72>144 244.8 Q F0
(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 256.8 Q F0
(\214ed of their status.)180 232.8 Q F3<ad72>144 244.8 Q F0
(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F3<ad73>144 256.8 Q F0
(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 273.6 Q F2(jobspec)
4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T)
-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25
(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 302.4 R F1
<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 302.4 R F3
<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F3(jobs)2.894 E F0
.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)
3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394
(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 314.4 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)
2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E
F1(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5
(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1
F3(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3
<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5
(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F3
(kill \255l)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5
G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F2
(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119
(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2
(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319
(either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319
(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318
(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
(ignal name such as).15 F F1(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318
(\(with or without the)2.569 F F1(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0
1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F1(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .523(gument of)-.18
F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)
F F3<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)
5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when)
.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523
.18 F F3<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523
(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 403.2
R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E
F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F
F1<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378
F3<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378
(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377
(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 427.2
R F1(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F
R F3(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F
.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F
(occurs or an in)144 439.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.)
.25 E F1(let)108 456 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E
F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 468 Q F2(ar)3.965 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.135
(is an arithmetic e)3.855 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
G 1.134(luated \(see).25 F F3 1.134(ARITHMETIC EV)3.634 F(ALU)-1.215 E
-.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 1.134(If the)
5.634 F(last)144 480 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G
(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)
2.5 E F1(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)
.25 E F3(let)108 456 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E
F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 468 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197
(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
.196(luated \(see).25 F F1 .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855
(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F
(the last)144 480 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G
(luates to 0,).25 E F3(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)
2.5 E F3(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)
-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 508.8 S
2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06
(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)
2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0
.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653
(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F3(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
C(hen)-5.652 E F3(local)3.152 E F0 .652
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
532.8 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861
(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4
(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 544.8 Q F0 1.165
(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F3(local)144 544.8 Q F0 1.165
(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165
(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use)
6.165 F F1(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232
6.165 F F3(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232
(within a function.)144 556.8 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232
F F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F
F F3(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F
-.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144
568.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
(logout)108 585.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(map\214le)108 602.4
Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2
(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>
-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)
2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 614.4 S
(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>
-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2
568.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F3
(logout)108 585.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F3(map\214le)108 602.4
Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad4f>-2.5 E F2
(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3
<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad43>
-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)
2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F3 -.18(re)108 614.4 S
(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad4f>
-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F3<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F3<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad63>-2.5 E F2
(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351
(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.85 E
(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor)
-2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 .924(if the)144 638.4 R F1<ad75>3.424 E F0 .924
(option is supplied.)3.424 F .925(The v)5.925 F(ariable)-.25 E F1
(MAPFILE)3.425 E F0 .925(is the def)3.425 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.425 E
(ay)-.15 E F0 5.925(.O)C .925(ptions, if supplied,)-5.925 F(ha)144 650.4
Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144
662.4 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)
2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0
(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 674.4 Q F0(Be)22.52 E
-2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 638.4 R F3<ad75>3.748 E F0
1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F1
(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.749 E
(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144
650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6e>
144 662.4 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2
(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0
(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F3<ad4f>144 674.4 Q F0(Be)22.52 E
(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)
-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)
-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 686.4 Q F0
(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1
<ad74>144 698.4 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
(railing line from each line read.).15 E F1<ad75>144 710.4 Q F0
-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F3<ad73>144 686.4 Q F0
(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F3
<ad74>144 698.4 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E
(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F3<ad75>144 710.4 Q F0
(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
148.735 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
@@ -1790,10 +1792,10 @@ F1(&&)3.73 E F0(or)3.73 E F4<efef>3.73 E F0 3.73(,a)C 1.53 -.15(ny c)
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F(ONMENT)-.3 E F0(abo)3.159 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .658(\), and may).15 F
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F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.318 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .068(\), and may cause).15
F(subshells to e)184 578.4 Q(xit before e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F1<ad66>144 590.4 Q F0
(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad68>144 602.4 Q F0
2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G
@@ -1832,11 +1834,11 @@ BP
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(errtrace)184 192 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)
184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 228 Q
(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 240
Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 252 Q F0
-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)
184 192 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(errtrace)184 204 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)
184 216 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 240 Q
F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 252 Q F0
(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 276 Q F0 .586
(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587
(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9
@@ -1884,34 +1886,33 @@ F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)
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(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E F4(,)A F1 -.3(BA)184 678 S
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(riables, if the).25 F 3.186(ya)-.15 G .686(ppear in the en)-3.186 F
(viron-)-.4 E .854(ment, are ignored.)184 690 R .854
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.854 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.154 -.15
(ve u)-.25 H .853(ser \(group\) id not equal to).15 F .043
(the real user \(group\) id, and the)184 702 R F1<ad70>2.543 E F0 .043
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-.1 F(ef)184 714 Q(fecti)-.25 E 1.667 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.367
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3.867 E F0 1.366(option is supplied at startup, the)3.866 F(ef)184 726 Q
(fecti)-.25 E .708 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .408(ser id is not reset.).15 F -.45
(Tu)5.409 G .409(rning this option of).45 F 2.909(fc)-.25 G .409
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(ser and group).15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(14)
198.725 E 0 Cg EP
(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)184 678 S
(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0
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(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F
(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 690 R .38
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u)
-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461
(user \(group\) id, and the)184 702 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462
(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 714 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 726 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
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F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 15 15
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
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(ids to be set to the real user and group ids.)184 84 Q/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad74>144 96 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 108 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74
G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters other than the sp\
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(set to the real user and group ids.)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
<ad74>144 96 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 108 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044
(eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters other than the special \
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(error when performing parameter e)184 120 R 2.682(xpansion. If)-.15 F
-.15(ex)2.682 G .183(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25
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@@ -2069,17 +2070,17 @@ Q F0 .448(If set,)184 356.4 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
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3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G .796
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F1(cmdhist)144 440.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203
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(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 404.4 Q F0 .797(If set,)184
416.4 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G
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144 440.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
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(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
452.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
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(sour)220 132 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1
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144 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.776 E F1 -.3(BA)3.776 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0
1.275(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.776 F(tions abo)220
156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 168 Q F0 1.359
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(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 156 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 168 Q F0 1.359
(Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359
(command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220
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180 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F3 10
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(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 216 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4
(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u)
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F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 240 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 252 R
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(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 264 Q
(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 276 Q F0
1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425
(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425
(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 288 S(pansion error).15 E(.)
-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 300 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0
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(pletions. See)184 336 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .83(SHELL V)3.33 F
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(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948
(pletions. See)184 336 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0
(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2
(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947
F(enabled by def)184 348 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 360 Q F0 .178
(If set, the pattern)5 F F1(**)2.678 E F0 .178(used in a pathname e)
2.678 F .178(xpansion conte)-.15 F .179
(xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F 1.298
(more directories and subdirectories.)184 372 R 1.298
(If the pattern is follo)6.298 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.797 E F0
3.797(,o)C 1.297(nly directories)-3.797 F(and subdirectories match.)184
384 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 396 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\
en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 408 Q F1(histappend)144
420 Q F0 .383
420 Q F0 .676
(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
432 R .384(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)2.884 E F0 -.25(va)2.884 G
432 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G
(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 444 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 456 Q(eedit)-.18
E F0 .576(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575
@@ -2205,16 +2207,16 @@ G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182
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564 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E
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F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 576 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F
(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 588 Q F0(If set,)
184 600 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
184 600 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e)
.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 612 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0
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(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33
(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967
(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 636 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25
H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15
H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15
G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 648 Q
(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 660 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F F1
(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)
@@ -2223,7 +2225,7 @@ G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 648 Q
(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
(login_shell)144 684 Q F0 .486
(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
696 R F3(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve)
696 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 708 S(lue may not be changed.).25
E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(17)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 18 18
@@ -2238,10 +2240,10 @@ BP
-.1(wa)184 108 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
(`The mail in)-.74 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0
(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1
(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 120 Q F0 .146(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18
(re)2.646 G(adline).18 E F0 .146(is being used,)2.646 F F1(bash)2.646 E
F0 .145(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.645 G(TH)
-.21 E F0 .145(for possible)2.645 F
(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 120 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18
(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E
F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F
(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 144 Q F1
(nocaseglob)144 156 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436
(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25
@@ -2265,9 +2267,9 @@ E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 228 Q F0
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doc/rbash.ps
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182.4 S(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(SHELL)2.5 E
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