diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES index 400bd384..25c80c98 100644 --- a/CHANGES +++ b/CHANGES @@ -81,9 +81,40 @@ z. Bash no longer splits the expansion of here-strings, as the documentation has always said. aa. Bash now puts `s' in the value of $- if the shell is reading from standard - input. + input, as Posix requires. -bb. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with a NULL environment. +bb. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with a NULL + environment. + +cc. The shell now only trusts an inherited value for $PWD if it begins with a + `/'. + +dd. Fixed a memory leak when creating local array variables and assigning to + them using compound assignment with the `declare' builtin. + +ee. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when processing nested here + documents inside a command substitution. + +ff. Array keys and values are now displayed using $'...' quoting where + appropriate. + +gg. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if the replacement string + in pattern substitution was NULL. + +hh. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a command substitution + contained a non-fatal syntax error. + +ii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if variable indirection + resulted in a NULL variable. + +jj. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a long string contained + multiple unterminated parameter expansion constructs. + +kk. Improved the code that acts on SIGINT received while waiting for a child + process only if the child exits due to SIGINT. + +ll. $BASH_SUBSHELL now has more consistent values in asynchronous simple + commands. 2. Changes to Readline @@ -105,6 +136,11 @@ e. Fixed a bug that caused problems with applications that supply their own f. When read returns -1/EIO when attempting to read a key, return an error instead of line termination back to the caller. +g. Updated tty auditing feature based on patch from Red Hat. + +h. Fixed a bug that could cause the history library to crash on overflows + introduced by malicious editing of timestamps in the history file. + 3. New Features in Bash a. `make install' now installs the example loadable builtins and a set of @@ -118,6 +154,12 @@ c. There is a new BASH_LOADABLES_PATH variable containing a list of directories where the `enable -f' command looks for shared objects containing loadable builtins. +d. The `complete_fullquote' option to `shopt' changes filename completion to + quote all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names. + +e. The `kill' builtin now has a `-L' option, equivalent to `-l', for + compatibility with Linux standalone versions of kill. + 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-alpha, and @@ -565,7 +607,7 @@ r. Executing the rhs of && and || will no longer cause the shell to fork if it's not necessary. s. The `local' builtin takes a new argument: `-', which will cause it to save - and the single-letter shell options and restore their previous values at + the single-letter shell options and restore their previous values at function return. t. `complete' and `compgen' have a new `-o nosort' option, which forces diff --git a/CHANGES-4.4 b/CHANGES-4.4 index 96429190..01d03674 100644 --- a/CHANGES-4.4 +++ b/CHANGES-4.4 @@ -81,9 +81,40 @@ z. Bash no longer splits the expansion of here-strings, as the documentation has always said. aa. Bash now puts `s' in the value of $- if the shell is reading from standard - input. + input, as Posix requires. -bb. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with a NULL environment. +bb. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with a NULL + environment. + +cc. The shell now only trusts an inherited value for $PWD if it begins with a + `/'. + +dd. Fixed a memory leak when creating local array variables and assigning to + them using compound assignment with the `declare' builtin. + +ee. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when processing nested here + documents inside a command substitution. + +ff. Array keys and values are now displayed using $'...' quoting where + appropriate. + +gg. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if the replacement string + in pattern substitution was NULL. + +hh. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a command substitution + contained a non-fatal syntax error. + +ii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if variable indirection + resulted in a NULL variable. + +jj. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a long string contained + multiple unterminated parameter expansion constructs. + +kk. Improved the code that acts on SIGINT received while waiting for a child + process only if the child exits due to SIGINT. + +ll. $BASH_SUBSHELL now has more consistent values in asynchronous simple + commands. 2. Changes to Readline @@ -105,6 +136,11 @@ e. Fixed a bug that caused problems with applications that supply their own f. When read returns -1/EIO when attempting to read a key, return an error instead of line termination back to the caller. +g. Updated tty auditing feature based on patch from Red Hat. + +h. Fixed a bug that could cause the history library to crash on overflows + introduced by malicious editing of timestamps in the history file. + 3. New Features in Bash a. `make install' now installs the example loadable builtins and a set of @@ -118,6 +154,12 @@ c. There is a new BASH_LOADABLES_PATH variable containing a list of directories where the `enable -f' command looks for shared objects containing loadable builtins. +d. The `complete_fullquote' option to `shopt' changes filename completion to + quote all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names. + +e. The `kill' builtin now has a `-L' option, equivalent to `-l', for + compatibility with Linux standalone versions of kill. + 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-alpha, and @@ -358,7 +400,7 @@ www. Fixes for upper and lower-casing multibyte characters, some locales have bytes. xxx. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap in a shell function to have the - right value for $LINENO. + wrong value for $LINENO. yyy. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect quoting of regexps for the =~ operator when an open brace appears without a close brace. @@ -497,9 +539,9 @@ o. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to disregard characters that are p. Fixed a bug that could cause reading past the end of a string when reading the value when binding the set of isearch terminators. -q. Fixed a bug that caused readline commands that depend on knowing which +q. Fixed a bug that caused readline commands that depend on knowing which key invoked them to misbehave when dispatching key sequences that are - prefixes of other key bindings. + prefixes of other key bindings. r. Paren matching now works in vi insert mode. @@ -565,7 +607,7 @@ r. Executing the rhs of && and || will no longer cause the shell to fork if it's not necessary. s. The `local' builtin takes a new argument: `-', which will cause it to save - and the single-letter shell options and restore their previous values at + the single-letter shell options and restore their previous values at function return. t. `complete' and `compgen' have a new `-o nosort' option, which forces diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index c4b6a1dd..77e40f87 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -9584,9 +9584,9 @@ builtins/exec.def pointer to shell_execve variables.c - - set_pwd: only believe $PWD if it begins with a slash; try to canonicalize - it and set it to physical path if canonicalization fails. Reported by - ziyunfei <446240525@qq.com> + - set_pwd: only believe $PWD if it begins with a slash; try to + canonicalize it and set it to physical path if canonicalization fails. + Reported by ziyunfei <446240525@qq.com> 9/17 ---- @@ -9598,14 +9598,15 @@ subst.c variables.c - adjust_shell_level: clamp the value of shell_level at 1000 and reset there, instead of > 1000, since the itos replacement code doesn't - handle the value 1000. Fixes bug reported by ziyunfei <446240525@qq.com> + handle the value 1000. Fixes bug reported by ziyunfei + <446240525@qq.com> shell.h,parse.y - - save_parser_state,restore_parser_state: now save and restore redir_stack, - short-circuiting if need_here_doc == 0. If we save a non-zero value for - need_here_doc, we have to make sure there is something valid for - gather_here_documents to work on. Fixes bug reported by - Brian Carpenter + - save_parser_state,restore_parser_state: now save and restore + redir_stack, short-circuiting if need_here_doc == 0. If we save a + non-zero value for need_here_doc, we have to make sure there is + something valid for gather_here_documents to work on. Fixes bug + reported by Brian Carpenter 9/18 ---- @@ -9685,3 +9686,36 @@ execute_cmd.c the child process increments shell_level before performing any word expansions, so $BASH_SUBSHELL is incremented. Fixes issue reported by ziyunfei <446240525@qq.com> + + 10/1 + ---- +builtins/kill.def + - kill_builtin: make -L equivalent to -l for compatibility with other (Linux) + versions of kill + +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - kill: document new `-L' option + + 10/2 + ---- +[bash-4.4-beta frozen] + + 10/5 + ---- +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - LC_TIME: document that the shell recognizes it and calls setlocale + when it changes; and that the shell uses it for time formatting + + 10/6 + ---- +subst.c + - skip_single_quoted: now takes an additional `flags' argument, like + skip_double_quoted; changed callers + - skip_single_quoted: now pays attention to SX_COMPLETE flag, allows + backslash to escape single quote, like $'...' allows + - skip_to_delim: added case where we are completing and we are + skipping over a $'...' string to call skip_single_quoted with + SX_COMPLETE flag to allow backslash to quote single quote. Fixes + bug reported by Daniel Colascione + - char_is_quoted: make analogous changes to handle $'...' so we can + accommodate $'ab \' cd' diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index 70ebed7f..f453b83a 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -659,6 +659,7 @@ examples/loadables/README f examples/loadables/template.c f examples/loadables/loadables.h f examples/loadables/Makefile.in f +examples/loadables/Makefile.inc.in f examples/loadables/necho.c f examples/loadables/hello.c f examples/loadables/print.c f @@ -671,8 +672,7 @@ examples/loadables/truefalse.c f examples/loadables/finfo.c f examples/loadables/cat.c f #examples/loadables/cut.c f -examples/loadables/l -ogname.c f +examples/loadables/logname.c f examples/loadables/basename.c f examples/loadables/dirname.c f examples/loadables/tty.c f @@ -1082,6 +1082,7 @@ tests/nquote.tests f tests/nquote.right f tests/nquote1.sub f tests/nquote2.sub f +tests/nquote3.sub f tests/nquote1.tests f tests/nquote1.right f tests/nquote2.tests f diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in index 911962ea..5260a065 100644 --- a/Makefile.in +++ b/Makefile.in @@ -929,9 +929,11 @@ symlinks: dist: force @echo Bash distributions are created using $(srcdir)/support/mkdist. @echo Here is a sample of the necessary commands: - @echo $(Program) $(srcdir)/support/mkdist -m $(srcdir)/MANIFEST -s $(srcdir) -r ${PACKAGE} $(PACKAGE_VERSION) - @echo tar cf $(PACKAGE)-${PACKAGE_VERSION}.tar ${PACKAGE}-$(PACKAGE_VERSION) - @echo gzip $(PACKAGE)-$(PACKAGE_VERSION).tar + @echo $(Program) $(srcdir)/support/mkdist -m $(srcdir)/MANIFEST -s $(srcdir) -r ${PACKAGE} -t $(PACKAGE_VERSION) + +xdist: force + ( cd $(DOCDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ ) + ( cd po && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ ) depend: depends diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index e9223923..e15b8253 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -107,6 +107,12 @@ ee. There is a new BASH_LOADABLES_PATH variable containing a list of directories where the `enable -f' command looks for shared objects containing loadable builtins. +ff. The `complete_fullquote' option to `shopt' changes filename completion to + quote all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names. + +gg. The `kill' builtin now has a `-L' option, equivalent to `-l', for + compatibility with Linux standalone versions of kill. + 2. New Features in Readline a. The history truncation code now uses the same error recovery mechansim as diff --git a/NEWS-4.4 b/NEWS-4.4 index 4dab553a..b152c84a 100644 --- a/NEWS-4.4 +++ b/NEWS-4.4 @@ -107,6 +107,12 @@ ee. There is a new BASH_LOADABLES_PATH variable containing a list of directories where the `enable -f' command looks for shared objects containing loadable builtins. +ff. The `complete_fullquote' option to `shopt' changes filename completion to + quote all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names. + +gg. The `kill' builtin now has a `-L' option, equivalent to `-l', for + compatibility with Linux standalone versions of kill. + 2. New Features in Readline a. The history truncation code now uses the same error recovery mechansim as diff --git a/POSIX b/POSIX index 1f1bb520..34ffe1a7 100644 --- a/POSIX +++ b/POSIX @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ - 6.11 Bash POSIX Mode ==================== @@ -62,143 +61,145 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: 14. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion results in an invalid expression. - 15. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script + 15. Non-interactive shells exit on word expansion errors. + + 16. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read with the '.' or 'source' builtins, or in a string processed by the 'eval' builtin. - 16. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the + 17. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. - 17. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in + 18. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the redirection. - 18. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not + 19. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells. - 19. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special + 20. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special builtins. - 20. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during + 21. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup. - 21. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of + 22. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of the 'PATH' variable are not expanded as described above under *note Tilde Expansion::. - 22. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When + 23. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its completed children. The 'TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the format of the timing information. - 23. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within + 24. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs. - 24. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the + 25. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the next token begins with a '-'. - 25. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a + 26. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding the command name, and so on. - 26. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 27. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign a value to a readonly variable. - 27. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 28. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special builtin, but not with any other simple command. - 28. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the + 29. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration variable in a 'for' statement or the selection variable in a 'select' statement is a readonly variable. - 29. Process substitution is not available. + 30. Process substitution is not available. - 30. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to + 31. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to the '#' and '?' special parameters. - 31. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in + 32. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes. - 32. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in + 33. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX special builtin command had been executed. - 33. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output + 34. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output in the format required by POSIX. - 34. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading + 35. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading 'SIG'. - 35. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible + 36. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should use '-' as the first argument. - 36. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory + 37. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory for the filename argument if it is not found by searching 'PATH'. - 37. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the + 38. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of the '-e' option from the parent shell. When not in POSIX mode, Bash clears the '-e' option in such subshells. - 38. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells. + 39. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells. - 39. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not + 40. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is supplied. - 40. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not + 41. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not display shell function names and definitions. - 41. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays + 42. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters. - 42. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname + 43. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode. - 43. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as + 44. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the '-P' option. - 44. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an + 45. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified. - 45. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. + 46. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. - 46. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable + 47. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'. - 47. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when + 48. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and '$EDITOR'. - 48. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to + 49. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is displayed, after escape characters are converted. - 49. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' + 50. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' and '-f' options. - 50. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not + 51. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately. The trap command is run once for each child that exits. - 51. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap + 52. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing 'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status greater than 128. diff --git a/RBASH b/RBASH index 6b0aa358..9478fc64 100644 --- a/RBASH +++ b/RBASH @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ - 6.10 The Restricted Shell ========================= diff --git a/builtins/kill.def b/builtins/kill.def index d56fed69..f05189de 100644 --- a/builtins/kill.def +++ b/builtins/kill.def @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ This file is kill.def, from which is created kill.c. It implements the builtin "kill" in Bash. -Copyright (C) 1987-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1987-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ Options: -n sig SIG is a signal number -l list the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are assumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed + -L synonym for -l Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit @@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ kill_builtin (list) { word = list->word->word; - if (ISOPTION (word, 'l')) + if (ISOPTION (word, 'l') || ISOPTION (word, 'L')) { listing++; list = list->next; diff --git a/doc/Makefile.in b/doc/Makefile.in index 67f8313f..8b187a2f 100644 --- a/doc/Makefile.in +++ b/doc/Makefile.in @@ -328,4 +328,4 @@ rbash: bashref.texi cmp -s RBASH ../RBASH || mv RBASH ../RBASH $(RM) RBASH -xdist: pdf inst posix rbash +xdist: everything inst posix rbash diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 514965d7..ea58ef52 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -613,6 +613,7 @@ QQUUOOTTIINNGG \\\\ backslash \\'' single quote \\"" double quote + \\?? question mark \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal @@ -1733,9 +1734,9 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN PP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as if it were a prompt string (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). - AA The expansion is a string in the form of a ddeeccllaarree com- - mand that, if evaluated, will recreate _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with its - attributes and value. + AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment + statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will + recreate _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with its attributes and value. aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- resenting _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r's attributes. @@ -3874,7 +3875,9 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history - expansion character. + expansion character, but the history expansion character is also + treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote + in a double-quoted string. Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, @@ -4733,7 +4736,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... - kkiillll --ll [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] + kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or @@ -4743,180 +4746,181 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true - if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an - error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. + status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is + equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was + successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid + option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- - tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options - is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell - options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are - restored to their original values when the function returns. - With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the - standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options + is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell + options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are + restored to their original values when the function returns. + With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the + standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless llooccaall is used outside a - function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly + function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC + mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each + --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each input line, rather than newline. - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. - --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line + --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff interprets the following extensions: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, - backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal + backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal escapes beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits). - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and - -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no - argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had - been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no + argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had + been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behavior. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two - directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two + directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating - or adding directories to the stack, so that only the + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating + or adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the - new current working directory as if it had been supplied + new current working directory as if it had been supplied as the argument to the ccdd builtin. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the - second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- - ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer + second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- + ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names - are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to - split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses + are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to + split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The back- - slash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning + slash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next character read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e @@ -4925,28 +4929,28 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee - (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- - line uses the current (or default, if line editing was + (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- + line uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously active) editing settings. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - are read. The result is not split on the characters in - IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + are read. The result is not split on the characters in + IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr option below). --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t @@ -4954,131 +4958,131 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input (or a specified number of characters) is - not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- - mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- - mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is - reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special - file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input (or a specified number of characters) is + not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- + mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- + mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is + reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special + file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into - the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd - returns immediately, without trying to read any data. - The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- - fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- + the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd + returns immediately, without trying to read any data. + The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- + fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is + able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater - than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a + than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is sup- plied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed - arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative - arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If - no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed + arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative + arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If + no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be - used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly - names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format - that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by - =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return - status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the + used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly + names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format + that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by + =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return + status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- - fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is - that of the last command executed in the function body. If - rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to - determine the status is the last command executed before the - trap handler. if rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the - last command used to determine the status is the last command - executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If - rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a - script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop - executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of - the last command executed within the script as the exit status - of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least - significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is - supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function - and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- - mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- + Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- + fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is + that of the last command executed in the function body. If + rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to + determine the status is the last command executed before the + trap handler. if rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the + last command used to determine the status is the last command + executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If + rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a + script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop + executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of + the last command executed within the script as the exit status + of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least + significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is + supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function + and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- + mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- tion resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x mode, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x mode, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to - $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following + $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following meanings: --aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is - given the export attribute and marked for export to the + given the export attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero status. - The shell does not exit if the command that fails is - part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee - or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or - eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a - &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& + The shell does not exit if the command that fails is + part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee + or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or + eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a + &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the - command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a - compound command other than a subshell returns a non- - zero status because a command failed while --ee was being - ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if - set, is executed before the shell exits. This option + command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a + compound command other than a subshell returns a non- + zero status because a command failed while --ee was being + ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if + set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. - If a compound command or shell function executes in a - context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands - executed within the compound command or function body - will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set - and a command returns a failure status. If a compound - command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a - context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have - any effect until the compound command or the command + If a compound command or shell function executes in a + context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands + executed within the compound command or function body + will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set + and a command returns a failure status. If a compound + command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a + context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have + any effect until the compound command or the command containing the function call completes. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run in a separate process group. When a background job com- pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta- tus. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -5086,10 +5090,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -5103,8 +5107,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -5119,197 +5123,204 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to - match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to + match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior. pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] - Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- - ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the + Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- + ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the --oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list - of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of - whether or not each is set. The --pp option causes output to be - displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options + of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of + whether or not each is set. The --pp option causes output to be + displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options have the following meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt - shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. - Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt + shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. + Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command - and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command + and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- UUMMNNSS. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional command's ==~~ operator and locale-specific string compar- - ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> - operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII + ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> + operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the cur- rent locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators (see previous item). ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- - rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later - interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- - rupt; previous versions continue with the next command + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- + rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later + interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- + rupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list. ccoommppaatt4411 - If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote - in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special - character. The single quotes must match (an even num- - ber) and the characters between the single quotes are - considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode - through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains + If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote + in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special + character. The single quotes must match (an even num- + ber) and the characters between the single quotes are + considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode + through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions. ccoommppaatt4422 - If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in - the pattern substitution word expansion using quote + If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in + the pattern substitution word expansion using quote removal. + ccoommppaatt4433 + If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an + attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign- + ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, and makes word expansion + errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command + to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal + errors that cause the shell to exit). ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- names and directory names when performing completion. @@ -5854,4 +5865,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 4.4 2015 August 15 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.4 2015 October 2 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 18b69746..84913fce 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Thu Sep 3 15:09:13 EDT 2015 +.\" Last Change: Mon Oct 5 14:32:44 EDT 2015 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2015 September 3" "GNU Bash 4.4" +.TH BASH 1 "2015 October 5" "GNU Bash 4.4" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -2225,6 +2225,10 @@ strings preceded by a \fB$\fP. .B LC_NUMERIC This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. .TP +.B LC_TIME +This variable determines the locale category used for data and time +formatting. +.TP .B LINES Used by the \fBselect\fP compound command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. @@ -8404,7 +8408,7 @@ returning its exit status. \fBkill\fP [\fB\-s\fP \fIsigspec\fP | \fB\-n\fP \fIsignum\fP | \fB\-\fP\fIsigspec\fP] [\fIpid\fP | \fIjobspec\fP] ... .PD 0 .TP -\fBkill\fP \fB\-l\fP [\fIsigspec\fP | \fIexit_status\fP] +\fBkill\fP \fB\-l\fP|\fB\-L\fP [\fIsigspec\fP | \fIexit_status\fP] .PD Send the signal named by .I sigspec @@ -8441,6 +8445,9 @@ The \fIexit_status\fP argument to .B \-l is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit status of a process terminated by a signal. +The +.B \-L +option is equivalent to \fB\-l\fP. .B kill returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. @@ -9476,6 +9483,14 @@ If set, does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution word expansion using quote removal. .TP 8 +.B compat43 +If set, +.B bash +does not print a warning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted compound +array assignment as an argument to \fBdeclare\fP, and makes word expansion errors +non-fatal errors that cause the current command to fail (the default behavior is +to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit). +.TP 8 .B complete_fullquote If set, .B bash diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 41779565..d3b87dc5 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2015 August 15BASH(1) +BASH(1)2015 October 2BASH(1)

Index @@ -1453,6 +1453,10 @@ single quote
double quote +
\? + +
+question mark
\nnn
@@ -3978,7 +3982,8 @@ The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of
A
-The expansion is a string in the form of a declare command that, if +The expansion is a string in the form of +an assignment statement or declare command that, if evaluated, will recreate parameter with its attributes and value.
a @@ -8584,7 +8589,9 @@ quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expansion character, which is ! by default. Only backslash (\) and single quotes can quote -the history expansion character. +the history expansion character, but the history expansion character is +also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote +in a double-quoted string.

Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately @@ -10684,7 +10691,7 @@ returning its exit status.

kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] [pid | jobspec] ...
-
kill -l [sigspec | exit_status]
+
kill -l|-L [sigspec | exit_status]
Send the signal named by sigspec @@ -10734,6 +10741,10 @@ The exit_status argument to is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit status of a process terminated by a signal. +The +-L + +option is equivalent to -l. kill returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false @@ -12041,6 +12052,16 @@ If set, does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution word expansion using quote removal. +
compat43 + +
+If set, +bash + +does not print a warning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted compound +array assignment as an argument to declare, and makes word expansion errors +non-fatal errors that cause the current command to fail (the default behavior is +to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit).
complete_fullquote
@@ -13387,7 +13408,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash 4.42015 August 15BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.42015 October 2BASH(1)
@@ -13493,6 +13514,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 18 August 2015 16:27:16 EDT +Time: 02 October 2015 07:16:35 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index b59d6b5f..22c43f31 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index c2776ea8..3e32a1c5 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Tue Aug 18 16:26:51 2015 +%%CreationDate: Fri Oct 2 07:16:22 2015 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(1)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(1)197.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 -F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(2) -197.055 E 0 Cg EP +F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(2) +197.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ F .389(wed by)-.25 F F2(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 722.4 Q (gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E (guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(3)197.055 E 0 Cg +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(3)197.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ Q F1 1.054(compound command)3.554 F F0 1.054(is one of the follo)3.554 F -3.553 F 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A)-2.995 F .245(nameref is commonly used)2.745 F -1.474(within shell functions to refer to a v)108 386.4 R 1.474 +1.474(within shell functions to refer to a v)108 403.2 R 1.474 (ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F 1.474 (gument to the function.)-.18 F -.15(Fo)6.474 G(r).15 E -(instance, if a v)108 398.4 Q +(instance, if a v)108 415.2 Q (ariable name is passed to a shell function as its \214rst ar)-.25 E -(gument, running)-.18 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 416.4 Q -F0 .303(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 434.4 R(ariable)-.25 +(gument, running)-.18 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 433.2 Q +F0 .303(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 451.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F0 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303(alue is the v) -.25 F .302(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E -3.592(ment. References)108 446.4 R 1.092(and assignments to)3.592 F F3 +3.592(ment. References)108 463.2 R 1.092(and assignments to)3.592 F F3 -.18(re)3.592 G(f).18 E F0 3.592(,a)C 1.092(nd changes to its attrib) -3.592 F 1.092(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .144 -(ments, and attrib)108 458.4 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F +(ments, and attrib)108 475.2 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F .144(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F3($1)2.644 E F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .143 -(ariable in a)-.25 F F3 -.25(fo)108 470.4 S(r).25 E F0 .867 +(ariable in a)-.25 F F3 -.25(fo)108 487.2 S(r).25 E F0 .867 (loop has the nameref attrib)3.367 F .867(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .868 (ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .868 (ariables, and a name reference)-.25 F .509 -(will be established for each w)108 482.4 R .509 +(will be established for each w)108 499.2 R .509 (ord in the list, in turn, when the loop is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.009 (cuted. Array).15 F -.25(va)3.009 G .509(riables cannot be).25 F(gi)108 -494.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.192(nt).15 G(he)-4.192 E F3(namer)4.192 E(ef) +511.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.192(nt).15 G(he)-4.192 E F3(namer)4.192 E(ef) -.18 E F0(attrib)4.192 E 4.192(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.492 -.4(r, n).15 H 1.692(ameref v).4 F 1.693 (ariables can reference array v)-.25 F 1.693(ariables and subscripted) --.25 F .102(array v)108 506.4 R 2.602(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F .102 +-.25 F .102(array v)108 523.2 R 2.602(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F .102 (can be unset using the)2.602 F F32.602 E F0 .102(option to the) 2.602 F F3(unset)2.602 E F0 -.2(bu)2.601 G 2.601(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F (if)2.601 E F3(unset)2.601 E F0 .101(is e)2.601 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -.442(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 518.4 R .442 +.442(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 535.2 R .442 (ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .443 (ariable referenced by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E -(will be unset.)108 530.4 Q F3 -.2(Po)87 547.2 S(sitional P).2 E -(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 559.2 Q F1 .706(positional par)4.456 F(ameter) +(will be unset.)108 547.2 Q F3 -.2(Po)87 564 S(sitional P).2 E +(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 576 Q F1 .706(positional par)4.456 F(ameter) -.15 E F0 .706(is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than\ the single digit 0.)3.936 F(Posi-)5.705 E .444 -(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 571.2 R 2.944(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G .445(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 583.2 Q F3 -(set)3.334 E F0 -.2(bu)3.334 G .834(iltin command.).2 F .833(Positional\ - parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.834 F -(The)5.833 E(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shel\ -l function is e)108 595.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E F2 -(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403(When a positional par\ -ameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 612 R 1.404 -(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 624 Q F2(EXP) -2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(Special P)87 640.8 Q -(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675(The shell treats se)108 652.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 588 R 2.944(sa)-.55 +G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G .445(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 600 Q F3(set)3.334 +E F0 -.2(bu)3.334 G .834(iltin command.).2 F .833(Positional parameters\ + may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.834 F(The)5.833 E +(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function i\ +s e)108 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E F2(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0 +(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403(When a positional parameter consisting o\ +f more than a single digit is e)108 628.8 R 1.404 +(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 640.8 Q F2(EXP) +2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(Special P)87 657.6 Q +(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675(The shell treats se)108 669.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.675(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.674 (hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F -(them is not allo)108 664.8 Q(wed.)-.25 E F3(*)108 676.8 Q F0 .223 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 676.8 R +(them is not allo)108 681.6 Q(wed.)-.25 E F3(*)108 693.6 Q F0 .223 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 693.6 R .224(When the e)5.224 F .224(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .663 -(quotes, each positional parameter e)144 688.8 R .662 +(quotes, each positional parameter e)144 705.6 R .662 (xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.162(ord. In)-.1 F(conte)3.162 E .662 -(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.081(those w)144 700.8 R 1.081 +(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.081(those w)144 717.6 R 1.081 (ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.082(ord splitting and pathname e) -.1 F 3.582(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.082(the e)3.582 F(xpansion)-.15 E -.915(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 712.8 R .914 -(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .914(ord with the v)-.1 F .914 -(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .89 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 724.8 R F2(IFS)3.39 E F0 .89 -(special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .891(is, ")3.391 F F3($*)A -F0 3.391("i)C 3.391(se)-3.391 G(qui)-3.391 E -.25(va)-.25 G .891 -(lent to ").25 F F3($1)A F1(c)A F3($2)A F1(c)A F3(...)A F0(",)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(9)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +2.549(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 729.6 R 2.549 +(xpands to a single w)-.15 F 2.548(ord with the v)-.1 F 2.548 +(alue of each parameter)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2) +143.735 E(9)197.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(where)144 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)3.533 E F0 .832 -(is the \214rst character of the v)3.643 F .832(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.332 E F0 -.25(va)3.082 G 3.332(riable. If).25 F -F2(IFS)3.332 E F0 .832(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F -(separated by spaces.)144 96 Q(If)5 E F2(IFS)2.5 E F0 -(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E -(ening separators.)-.15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)108 108 Q F0 .605 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 108 R .606 -(When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .114 -(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 120 R .114(xpands to a separate w)-.15 -F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F3($@)A F0 2.613("i)C 2.613 -(se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F3($1)A F0 -2.613("")C F3($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E .134 -(If the double-quoted e)144 132 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F -.135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined) --.15 F .151(with the be)144 144 R .151(ginning part of the original w) --.15 F .151(ord, and the e)-.1 F .15 -(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337 -(the last part of the original w)144 156 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 -(there are no positional parameters, ")2.837 F F3($@)A F0 2.838("a)C(nd) --2.838 E F3($@)2.838 E F0 -.15(ex)2.838 G(pand).15 E -(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 168 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(d\).).15 E F3(#)108 180 Q F0 -(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 180 Q F3 -(?)108 192 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 192 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.067 +(separated by the \214rst character of the)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(IFS)5.568 E F0 3.068(special v)5.318 F 5.568(ariable. That)-.25 F 3.068 +(is, ")5.568 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($*)A F0 5.568("i)C 5.568(se)-5.568 +G(qui)-5.568 E -.25(va)-.25 G 3.068(lent to).25 F(")144 96 Q F2($1)A/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A F2($2)A F3(c)A F2(...)A F0 1.52(", where)B F3 +(c)4.22 E F0 1.52(is the \214rst character of the v)4.33 F 1.52 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(IFS)4.019 E F0 -.25(va)3.769 G 4.019(riable. If) +.25 F F1(IFS)4.019 E F0 1.519(is unset, the)3.769 F .832 +(parameters are separated by spaces.)144 108 R(If)5.832 E F1(IFS)3.332 E +F0 .833(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)3.083 F(ening) +-.15 E(separators.)144 120 Q F2(@)108 132 Q F0 .606 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 132 R .605 +(When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .113 +(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 144 R .113(xpands to a separate w)-.15 +F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .114(is, ")2.614 F F2($@)A F0 2.614("i)C 2.614 +(se)-2.614 G(qui)-2.614 E -.25(va)-.25 G .114(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A F0 +2.614("")C F2($2)-2.614 E F0 2.614(".)C(..)-2.614 E .135 +(If the double-quoted e)144 156 R .135(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F +.135(ord, the e)-.1 F .134(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined) +-.15 F .15(with the be)144 168 R .15(ginning part of the original w)-.15 +F .151(ord, and the e)-.1 F .151 +(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .338 +(the last part of the original w)144 180 R 2.838(ord. When)-.1 F .337 +(there are no positional parameters, ")2.838 F F2($@)A F0 2.837("a)C(nd) +-2.837 E F2($@)2.837 E F0 -.15(ex)2.837 G(pand).15 E +(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 192 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 204 Q F0 +(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 204 Q F2 +(?)108 216 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 216 Q (xit status of the most recently e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 -E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F3108 204 Q F0 .882 -(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 204 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F3(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G -.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) -144 216 Q F32.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F3($)108 228 Q F0 .214 -(Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 228 R .214 +E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2108 228 Q F0 .881 +(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 228 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G +.882(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) +144 240 Q F22.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 252 Q F0 .214 +(Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 252 R .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F -(shell, not the subshell.)144 240 Q F3(!)108 252 Q F0 .499(Expands to t\ +(shell, not the subshell.)144 264 Q F2(!)108 276 Q F0 .499(Expands to t\ he process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, whet\ -her e)144 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E -(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 264 Q F3(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F2(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F3(0)108 276 Q F0 1.691 -(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 276 R 1.692 -(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F3(bash)4.192 E -F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 288 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F3($0)3.078 E F0 .578 -(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F3(bash)3.077 E -F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F33.077 E F0 .368 -(option, then)144 300 R F3($0)2.869 E F0 .369(is set to the \214rst ar) +her e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E +(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 288 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F1(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)2.25 E +(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 300 Q F0 1.692 +(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 300 R 1.691 +(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F2(bash)4.191 E +F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 312 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F2($0)3.077 E F0 .578 +(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F2(bash)3.078 E +F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F23.078 E F0 .369 +(option, then)144 324 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369(is set to the \214rst ar) 2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369 -(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E(-)-.2 E -(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 312 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G F3(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H -2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F3(_)108 324 -Q F0 .055(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 -324 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054 -(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691 -(as passed in the en)144 336 R .691(vironment or ar)-.4 F .691 -(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E 3.191(,e)-.65 G .692 -(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the)-.18 F(pre)144 348 Q -.571(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.071(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571 -(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .77 -.1(ke e) -.2 H .57(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 360 S 1.6 +(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E(-)-.2 E +(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 336 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H +2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F2(_)108 348 +Q F0 .054(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 +348 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055 +(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692 +(as passed in the en)144 360 R .692(vironment or ar)-.4 F .691 +(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E 3.191(,e)-.65 G .691 +(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .691(gument to the)-.18 F(pre)144 372 Q +.57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571 +(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e) +.2 H .571(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 384 S 1.6 (cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 (xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F (parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 -372 Q(ed.)-.1 E F3(Shell V)87 388.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 -400.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F3 -.3(BA) -108 417.6 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 -417.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F3(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F3 -.3(BA)108 429.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.549(Ac)144 441.6 S .049 -(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w) +396 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2(Shell V)87 412.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 +424.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2 -.3(BA) +108 441.6 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 +441.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E +F0(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 453.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 465.6 S .049 +(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.548 F .049(Each w) 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 -(gument for the)-.18 F F32.548 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 453.6 -R F3(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 +(gument for the)-.18 F F22.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 477.6 +R F2(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 1.398(SHELL B)3.898 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.398(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.648 E 3.898(w\). 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The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 +489.6 R F1 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as) +2.726 F F3(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977 +(ft)-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F +(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 501.6 Q F2(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ +ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F +3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 513.6 Q +(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 525.6 S(SHPID).3 E +F0 .187(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 537.6 R F2(bash) +2.687 E F0 2.688(process. This)2.688 F(dif)2.688 E .188(fers from)-.25 F +F2($$)2.688 E F0 .188(under certain circum-)2.688 F +(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 549.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 +E F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 561.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E +F0 1.195(An associati)144 573.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v) .15 F 1.195(ariable whose members correspond to the internal list of al\ -iases as main-)-.25 F .025(tained by the)144 561.6 R F3(alias)2.524 E F0 +iases as main-)-.25 F .024(tained by the)144 585.6 R F2(alias)2.524 E F0 -.2(bu)2.524 G 2.524(iltin. Elements).2 F .024 (added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array ele-) -2.524 F(ments cause aliases to be remo)144 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 -(df).15 G(rom the alias list.)-2.5 E F3 -.3(BA)108 585.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E -F0 .934(An array v)144 597.6 R .934(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 +2.524 F(ments cause aliases to be remo)144 597.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 +(df).15 G(rom the alias list.)-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 609.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E +F0 .935(An array v)144 621.6 R .935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F3(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 609.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F +F2(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 633.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\ -n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 621.6 S .141(cuted with).15 F F3(.) -2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F3(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa) --2.641 G 2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 -(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.631(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -633.6 R F2 -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.63 -(only when in)4.88 F -.15(ex)144 645.6 S(tended deb).15 E -(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F3(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E -F0(option to the)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E -(w\))-.25 E F3 -.3(BA)108 657.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 -669.6 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current) --.25 F F3(bash)3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F -(The)5.98 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at th\ -e top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 681.6 R -1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 693.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) +n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 645.6 S .142(cuted with).15 F F2(.) +2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa) +-2.642 G 2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 +(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 +657.6 R F1 -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F1 -.27(BA)5.131 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631 +(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 669.6 S(tended deb).15 E +(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F2(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E +F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E +(w\))-.25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 681.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98(An array v)144 +693.6 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current) +-.25 F F2(bash)3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F +(The)5.979 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at t\ +he top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 705.6 R +1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 717.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) 6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 -(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.27(BA)144 -705.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets)6.697 F F2 -.27(BA) +(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F1 -.27(BA)144 +729.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets)6.697 F F1 -.27(BA) 4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F 2.197(xtended deb) --.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(description of the)144 717.6 Q -F3(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(10)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(10)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 96 R .967 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H .667(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to\ - the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .147(as maintained by the) -144 108 R F1(hash)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F -.146(added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting)2.646 F -(array elements cause commands to be remo)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 -(df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 132 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E -F0 1.242(The command currently being e)144 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(description of the)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E +F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E +(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 108 +R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members co\ +rrespond to the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .146 +(as maintained by the)144 120 R F1(hash)2.646 E F0 -.2(bu)2.646 G 2.646 +(iltin. 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The)144 324 R .007 -(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 336 R(x)-.15 E -F3(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F -F3(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 -(sion. This)144 348 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 360 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 372 R .125(ar\ +(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 300 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) +2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 312 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 +324 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 +E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005 +(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 336 R .007 +(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 +(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 348 R(x)-.15 E +F3(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F +F3(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 +(sion. This)144 360 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E +F1 -.3(BA)108 372 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 384 R .125(ar\ iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ -shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 384 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +shell function)-.25 F .781(names in the)144 396 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 -(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A -F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 396 Q F1(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 408 S -(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296 -(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 420 R .296 -(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 432 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) -2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 444 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644 -(Ar)144 456 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.28 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 408 Q F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 420 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 +.296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 432 R +.296(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .297(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 444 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) +2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 456 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645 +(Ar)144 468 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 -(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 468 S +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 +(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 480 S (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)144 486 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 486 Q +(BA)144 498 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 498 Q (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 -(BA)144 498 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)264 498 Q +(BA)144 510 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)264 510 Q (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F3(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) -144 510 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)264 510 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 522 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A -F0(The b)264 522 Q(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 534 S -(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)264 534 Q -F3(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 546 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 -(])A F0(The v)264 546 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 558 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 -(Expands to a string describing the v)144 570 Q +144 522 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)264 522 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 534 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A +F0(The b)264 534 Q(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 546 S +(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)264 546 Q +F3(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 558 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 +(])A F0(The v)264 558 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 570 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 +(Expands to a string describing the v)144 582 Q (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -582 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 594 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E +594 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 606 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 606 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 618 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 618 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 630 Q F0(The k)144 642 Q .3 +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 630 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 642 Q F0(The k)144 654 Q .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 -H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 654 Q F0 1.208 -(The current command line.)144 666 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 +H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 666 Q F0 1.207 +(The current command line.)144 678 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.848(mands in)144 678 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F +2.849(mands in)144 690 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 690 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 702 Q F0 .667(The inde) -144 714 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167(ft)-3.167 G .666 -(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 -(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 -F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 -(current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -726 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(11)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(belo)144 702 Q(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2) +143.735 E(11)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(${#COMP_LINE})144 84 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 -F(in)144 96 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +SF(COMP_POINT)108 84 Q F0 .666(The inde)144 96 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166 +(ft)-3.166 G .666(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.166(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666 +(ginning of the current command.)-.15 F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 +(current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 +108 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 120 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 +F(in)144 132 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -108 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 120 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +144 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 156 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 132 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5 +-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 168 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5 (TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2 (?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi) --2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 144 Q F0 4.091(,f)C -1.591(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092 +-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 180 Q F0 4.092(,f)C +1.592(or listing alternati)-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092 (np)-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@) 4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w) --4.092 F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 156 R F2(%) -4.053 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v) +-4.092 F 1.591(ord is not)-.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 192 R F2(%) +4.052 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v) 6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 168 S 2.928 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 204 S 2.929 (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -180 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 192 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 -1.336(The set of characters that the)144 204 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) -144 216 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G -(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 228 Q F1(COMP_W)108 240 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .654(An array v)144 252 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E -F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) --.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 264 R +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +216 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 228 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 +1.335(The set of characters that the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) +144 252 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G +(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 264 Q F1(COMP_W)108 276 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .653(An array v)144 288 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E +F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) +-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 300 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 -276 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 -(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) -144 288 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 300 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) -144 312 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E +(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 +312 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 +(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) +144 324 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 336 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) +144 348 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 324 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 336 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 348 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 360 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 372 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 384 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 360 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 -(members of this array v)144 372 R 1.432 +1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 396 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 +(members of this array v)144 408 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 384 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 420 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 396 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 432 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 408 Q F1(EUID)108 420 -Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)144 420 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 444 Q F1(EUID)108 456 +Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 456 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 -(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 432 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 444 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 456 R .479 +(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 468 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 480 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 492 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 -(The element with inde)144 468 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 -(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 -(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 480 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 -(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 -(tion is e)144 492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.575 E F3(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.576 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F -(special properties, e)144 504 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 -522 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 +(The element with inde)144 504 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 +(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 516 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 +(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076 +(tion is e)144 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.576 E F3(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.575 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F +(special properties, e)144 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .11(This v)144 +558 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 534 S(ME).2 E F0 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 570 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 -(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 546 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G +(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 582 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) --2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 -(at line number)144 558 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 -(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G -1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 570 Q F1(GR)108 582 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 -(An array v)144 594 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ -ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E -.571(ments to)144 606 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 +-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184 +(at line number)144 594 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 +(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G +1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F +(this information.)144 606 Q F1(GR)108 618 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 +(An array v)144 630 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ +ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E +.572(ments to)144 642 R F3(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3 (GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E -(subsequently reset.)144 618 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 630 Q F0 .356 -(The history number)144 642 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) --2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +3.072(ni).15 G 3.071(fi)-3.072 G 3.071(ti)-3.071 G(s)-3.071 E +(subsequently reset.)144 654 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 666 Q F0 .355 +(The history number)144 678 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde) +-2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 (he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 -(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 654 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 690 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 666 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 678 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 690 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ - describes the type of machine on which)144 702 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 -.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 714 R(def) -2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(12)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(HOSTN)108 702 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 714 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(12)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(LINENO)108 84 Q F0 1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the\ - shell substitutes a decimal number representing the)144 96 R .078(curr\ -ent sequential line number \(starting with 1\) within a script or funct\ -ion.)144 108 R .079(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307 -(function, the v)144 120 R .307 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its) -2.556 F(special properties, e)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5 +SF(HOSTTYPE)108 84 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquel\ +y describes the type of machine on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 +.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 108 R(def) +2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 120 Q F0 1.408(Each\ + time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ +ber representing the)144 132 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 144 R .078 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 156 R .306 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its) +2.557 F(special properties, e)144 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5 (fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA) -108 144 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that full\ -y describes the system type on which)144 156 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899 -(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 -168 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5 +108 180 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that full\ +y describes the system type on which)144 192 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898 +(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 +204 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5 (format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE) -108 180 Q F0 .294(An array v)144 192 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)2.794 E F0(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F -.293(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 -(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 204 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 -(OLDPWD)108 216 Q F0(The pre)144 228 Q(vious w)-.25 E +108 216 Q F0 .293(An array v)144 228 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)2.793 E F0(belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F +.294(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 +(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 240 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 +(OLDPWD)108 252 Q F0(The pre)144 264 Q(vious w)-.25 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 240 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 252 R 1.627 +(OPT)108 276 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 288 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 -(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 264 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 276 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 288 R 4.152 -(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F -1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 300 +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 +(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 300 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 312 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 324 R 4.151 +(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F +1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 336 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 -312 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ -g system on which)144 324 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 336 Q(ault is system-dependent.) --.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 348 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 -360 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 -(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 -(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 372 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +348 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ +g system on which)144 360 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e)2.829 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 372 Q +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 384 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) +.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 396 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) +3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 +(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F +(the most-recently-e)144 408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 -(PPID)108 384 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 384 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(PPID)108 420 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 420 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 396 Q F0(The current w)144 396 Q +F1(PWD)108 432 Q F0(The current w)144 432 Q (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 408 Q F0 .565 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 420 R .566 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 -(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 432 +(RANDOM)108 444 Q F0 .566 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 456 R .565 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 +(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 468 R .01(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) 4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 480 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 456 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 468 R +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 492 Q F0 1.547(The contents of the)144 504 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 480 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(READLINE_POINT)108 492 Q F0 .314 -(The position of the insertion point in the)144 504 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G +1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 516 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 528 Q F0 .313 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 540 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F5 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 -(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 516 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 528 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 540 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F5 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F2 +(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 552 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 564 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 +(Set to the line of input read by the)144 576 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) --.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 552 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ -ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 564 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 576 R .712 +-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 588 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ +ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 600 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 +(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 612 R .712 (alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F4(,)A F0 .712(the v) 2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 -F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 588 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 600 Q -.15(ve) +F .408(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 624 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 636 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 612 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 624 S -.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 648 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 660 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 636 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F -F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 -(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E -3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 648 R F2 -(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F F3(on)2.749 E F0 -(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G -.019(his v)-2.519 F .019(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E -(when)144 660 Q F1(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in\ - the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642 -(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 672 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E -(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 684 Q(VL)-.92 E F0 -(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 696 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 708 Q F0 -(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 708 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G -(nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 724.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 -(ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(13)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 672 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F +F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.173 +(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E +3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 684 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F F3(on)2.749 E +F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G +.019(his v)-2.519 F .02(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E +(when)144 696 Q F1(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in\ + the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641 +(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 708 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E +(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(13)192.895 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(these cases are noted belo)108 84 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)108 100.8 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.192(The v)144 -112.8 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F 3.692(sc)-.55 G -1.193(ompatibility le)-3.692 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.693(l. See).15 F 1.193 -(the description of the)3.693 F F1(shopt)3.693 E F0 -.2(bu)3.693 G -(iltin).2 E(belo)144 124.8 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E F1 .372 -(SHELL B)2.872 F(UIL)-.1 E .372(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 -(for a description of the v)2.872 F .371(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -(v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 136.8 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 -(va)2.86 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 -F .361(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.751 -(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.75 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(SHL)108 84 Q(VL)-.92 E F0 +(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 96 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 108 Q F0 +(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 108 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G +(nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 +E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 124.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 +(ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 136.8 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 153.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 +1.193(The v)144 165.6 R 1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F +3.693(sc)-.55 G 1.192(ompatibility le)-3.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.692 +(l. See).15 F 1.192(the description of the)3.692 F F1(shopt)3.692 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.692 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 177.6 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E +F1 .371(SHELL B)2.871 F(UIL)-.1 E .371(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 +(for a description of the v)2.872 F .372(arious compatibility le)-.25 F +(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 189.6 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F +-.25(va)2.861 G .361 +(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36 +(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.75 +(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.751 (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) -144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 +144 213.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) -4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 172.8 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) --.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248 -(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.119 -(sets the compatibility le)144 184.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G -3.619(ot)-3.619 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 -F 3.62(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.62 G 1.12(lid compatibility le).25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .576 -(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 196.8 R F1 -(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.075 G .575(iltin described belo).2 F 3.075 -(w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 208.8 Q F1 +4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 225.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) +-.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .249 +(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.12 +(sets the compatibility le)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt).15 G +3.619(ot)-3.62 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 +F 3.619(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.619 G 1.119(lid compatibility le) +.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .575 +(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 249.6 R F1 +(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.076 G .576(iltin described belo).2 F 3.076 +(w\()-.25 G .576(for e)-3.076 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 261.6 Q F1 (compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5 (alues\). The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v) --.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 220.8 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 -(If this parameter is set when)144 232.8 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) -3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 244.8 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354 -(he v)-5.354 F .354(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.854 G -(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected)2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 256.8 +-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 273.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506 +(If this parameter is set when)144 285.6 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e) +3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 297.6 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355 +(he v)-5.355 F .355(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.855 G +(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected)2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 309.6 R .525(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 268.8 Q +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 321.6 Q F3 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 280.8 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 292.8 -R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 -F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F -(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 304.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) +108 333.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 345.6 +R .48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 +F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 357.6 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) 5.614 F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T) -.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 -316.8 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne) +369.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne) 2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the \ empty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error) -144 328.8 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F3 -.27(BA) -144 340.8 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error\ - \214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F -(standard error being closed.)144 352.8 Q F1(CDP)108 364.8 Q -.95(AT) --.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 376.8 R F1(cd)3.747 -E F0 3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 -(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 -(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 388.8 R -F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 -(alue is)-.25 F F4(".:~:/usr")144 400.8 Q F0(.)A F1(CHILD_MAX)108 412.8 -Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 424.8 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 +144 381.6 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53(ote that setting)-7.53 F F3 -.27(BA)144 +393.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \ +\214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.99 F +(standard error being closed.)144 405.6 Q F1(CDP)108 417.6 Q -.95(AT) +-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144 429.6 R F1(cd)3.748 +E F0 3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 +(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 +(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 441.6 R +F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 +(alue is)-.25 F F4(".:~:/usr")144 453.6 Q F0(.)A F1(CHILD_MAX)108 465.6 +Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 477.6 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 F .997(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F 5.997(.B)-.55 G .997 -(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.498 E -.25(va)144 -436.8 S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 -(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.077 -(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 448.8 Q +(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.497(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.497 E -.25(va)144 +489.6 S 1.077(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 +(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.078 +(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 501.6 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.)-.25 E -F1(COLUMNS)108 460.8 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 472.8 R F1(select)3.328 E -F0 .829(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing \ -selection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 484.8 R 2.007 -(set if the)4.507 F F1(checkwinsize)4.507 E F0 2.006 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.507 F 2.306 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 496.8 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 508.8 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847 -(An array v)144 520.8 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E +F1(COLUMNS)108 513.6 Q F0 .829(Used by the)144 525.6 R F1(select)3.329 E +F0 .828(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing \ +selection)3.329 F 4.506(lists. Automatically)144 537.6 R 2.006 +(set if the)4.506 F F1(checkwinsize)4.506 E F0 2.007 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.506 F 2.307 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +2.007(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 549.6 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 561.6 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .848 +(An array v)144 573.6 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function) -3.348 F(in)144 532.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt) +3.348 F(in)144 585.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt) -2.785 G .285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see) -.1 F F1(Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785(w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.) -144 544.8 Q F1(EMA)108 556.8 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 568.8 Q F1(bash)2.535 -E F0 .035(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.536 E -F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F -(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 580.8 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 592.8 Q F0(Similar to) -144 592.8 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F5(;)A F0 +144 597.6 Q F1(EMA)108 609.6 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 621.6 Q F1(bash)2.536 +E F0 .036(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.535 E +F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F +(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 633.6 Q(uf)-.2 E +(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 645.6 Q F0(Similar to) +144 645.6 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F5(;)A F0 (used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 604.8 Q F0 3.24(Ac)144 -616.8 S .74(olon-separated list of e)-3.24 F .739 +2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 657.6 Q F0 3.239(Ac) +144 669.6 S .739(olon-separated list of e)-3.239 F .739 (xtended glob patterns \(see)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.239 G(tter).1 E 3.239 -(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.239 E F0 3.239(\)d)C .739 -(e\214ning the list of \214le-)-3.239 F .274 -(names to be ignored by command search.)144 628.8 R .275 +(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.239 E F0 3.239(\)d)C .74 +(e\214ning the list of \214le-)-3.239 F .275 +(names to be ignored by command search.)144 681.6 R .274 (Files whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)5.275 F .62 -(are not considered e)144 640.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .62 +(are not considered e)144 693.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .62 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.12(cution. This).15 F 1.069(does not af)144 652.8 R 1.069 -(fect the beha)-.25 F 1.069(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)3.569 E F0(,)A F1 -(test)3.569 E F0 3.569(,a)C(nd)-3.569 E F1([[)3.569 E F0 3.57 -(commands. Use)3.57 F 1.07(this v)3.57 F 1.07(ariable to ignore shared) --.25 F(library \214les that ha)144 664.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he e).15 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable bit set, b).15 E(ut are not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cutable \214les.).15 E F1(FCEDIT)108 676.8 Q F0(The def)144 688.8 Q -(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 -E F1(FIGNORE)108 700.8 Q F0 2.599(Ac)144 712.8 S .098 -(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 -(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 -(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 724.8 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 -(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 -(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15) -142.895 E(14)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(xe)-.15 G 3.12(cution. This).15 F 1.07(does not af)144 705.6 R 1.07 +(fect the beha)-.25 F 1.07(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)3.57 E F0(,)A F1(test) +3.569 E F0 3.569(,a)C(nd)-3.569 E F1([[)3.569 E F0 3.569(commands. Use) +3.569 F 1.069(this v)3.569 F 1.069(ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F +(library \214les that ha)144 717.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he e).15 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cutable bit set, b).15 E(ut are not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cutable \214les.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E +(14)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(of matched \214lenames.)144 84 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 -E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCNEST) -108 96 Q F0 .231(If set to a numeric v)144 108 R .231 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)108 84 Q F0(The def)144 96 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc) +2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 108 Q F0 2.598 +(Ac)144 120 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 +(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 132 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F +.205(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205 +(\214x matches one of the entries in)-.25 F F2(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205 +(is e)2.455 F .204(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.) +144 144 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF +(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 156 Q F0 .23(If set to a numeric v) +144 168 R .231 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. Function).15 F(in)2.73 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E -(cations that e)144 120 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F2 -(GLOBIGNORE)108 132 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 144 S .618(olon-separated list of\ +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.731(l. 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If)144 216 R 3.132<618c>3.131 G .632 (lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 -(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)144 168 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.) --2.5 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 180 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 192 S .153 -(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F +(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F2 +(GLOBIGNORE)144 228 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1 +(HISTCONTR)108 240 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.654(Ac)144 252 S .153 +(olon-separated list of v)-2.654 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 -G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .154(If the list) -5.153 F .491(of v)144 204 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491 -(ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F2(space)2.991 E F0 .49 -(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 -G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 216 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 -(alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 -(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 -(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.959 -(Av)144 228 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F5(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.459(is shorthand for)3.239 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.959 E F5(ignor)2.958 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.458(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .458 -(lue of).25 F F5(er)2.958 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.958 E .698 -(all pre)144 240 R .698 +G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .153(If the list) +5.153 F .49(of v)144 264 R .49(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.99 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.99(,l).18 G .49 +(ines which be)-2.99 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .491 +(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.991(di).15 G 2.991(nt) +-2.991 G .491(he his-)-2.991 F .558(tory list.)144 276 R 3.058(Av)5.558 +G .558(alue of)-3.308 F F5(ignor)3.068 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .558 +(causes lines matching the pre)3.328 F .557 +(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.958 +(Av)144 288 S .458(alue of)-3.208 F F5(ignor)2.968 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +.458(is shorthand for)3.238 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) +2.959 E F5(ignor)2.959 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.459(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .459 +(lue of).25 F F5(er)2.959 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.959 E .699 +(all pre)144 300 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 252 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 -(alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 -(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 -(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 264 S .441(alid v) --3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 -(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(HISTIGNORE)144 276 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ -f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F -(tested, and are added to the history re)144 288 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G -(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) -A F2(HISTFILE)108 300 Q F0 .181 -(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 312 R -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F3(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). 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The)-.25 F(def)2.681 E .181(ault v) +-.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 384 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 -(dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E F2(HISTFILESIZE)108 336 Q F0 -1.623(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 -348 R 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 360 S .931(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) +(dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 396 Q F0 +1.622(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 +408 R 1.623(When this v)6.623 F 1.623(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 +(va)144 420 S .932(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) .25 F 3.432(,t)-.65 G 3.432(oc)-3.432 G .932 -(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 372 Q -.871(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .87(The history \214le is also tru\ -ncated to this size after writing it when a)5.871 F 1.244(shell e)144 -384 R 3.744(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 -(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.245 -(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.245(alues and)-.25 F 1.022(numeric v)144 396 R +(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 432 Q .87 +(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .871(The history \214le is also trunca\ +ted to this size after writing it when a)5.87 F 1.245(shell e)144 444 R +3.745(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 +(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.244 +(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.244(alues and)-.25 F 1.021(numeric v)144 456 R 1.022(alues less than zero inhibit truncation.)-.25 F 1.022 (The shell sets the def)6.022 F 1.022(ault v)-.1 F 1.022(alue to the v) --.25 F 1.021(alue of)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)144 408 Q F0(after reading an) -2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F2(HISTIGNORE)108 420 Q F0 -2.657(Ac)144 432 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ -which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G -2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 444 R .708 -(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 -(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 -(\(no implicit `)144 456 R F2(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 -(ppended\). 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If) --.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 540 S 1.321 -(lue is 0, commands are not sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.821(di).15 G 3.821 -(nt)-3.821 G 1.321(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.32(Numeric v)6.32 F 1.32 -(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 552 T .436 -(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.936(do).15 G 2.936(nt)-2.936 -G .436(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.936 F .437 -(The shell sets the def)5.437 F .437(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E -(to 500 after reading an)144 564 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E -F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 576 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 588 R .952 -(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 -(\(3\) to print the)B .672 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 600 -R F2(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) -3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 612 R +(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 564 Q -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F4 +(.)A F1(HISTSIZE)108 576 Q F0 1.387 +(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 588 +R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) +-.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 600 S 1.32(lue is 0, commands are not sa) +.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.82(di).15 G 3.821(nt)-3.82 G 1.321 +(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.321(Numeric v)6.321 F 1.321 +(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 612 T .437 +(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.937(do).15 G 2.937(nt)-2.937 +G .437(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.937 F .436 +(The shell sets the def)5.436 F .436(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E +(to 500 after reading an)144 624 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E +F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 636 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 648 R .951 +(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952 +(\(3\) to print the)B .673 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 660 +R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) +3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 672 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 624 Q -F2(HOME)108 636 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 648 R 1.27(ault ar) --.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F2(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 660 S(lue of this v).25 E -(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 -(HOSTFILE)108 672 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 684 R F5 -(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 696 R .551 -(The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 708 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F2(bash)144 720 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) --2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 -.138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(15)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 684 Q +F1(HOME)108 696 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 708 R 1.27(ault ar) +-.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 720 S(lue of this v).25 E +(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(15)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .518 -(does not name a readable \214le,)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) -3.018 E F0 .518(attempts to read)3.018 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F -(name completions.)144 96 Q(When)5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E -F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E F1(IFS)108 108 Q F0 -(The)144 108 Q F2 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator) --.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 -F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 120 S -(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E -(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 132 Q -F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 144 R .803 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) -144 156 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(HOSTFILE)108 84 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 96 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015 +(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .551 +(needs to complete a hostname.)144 108 R .551 +(The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F +1.058(the shell is running; 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If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 180 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 240 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E F3(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 192 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 204 R F1 -.18(re) +(INPUTRC)108 252 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 264 R F1 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F3(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 216 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F1(LANG)108 228 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)144 228 R -1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F3(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 276 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F1(LANG)108 288 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 288 R +1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 240 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 252 Q F0 .973 -(This v)144 264 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 +(starting with)144 300 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 312 Q F0 .974 +(This v)144 324 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 (rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F3(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) 3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G -.974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 276 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -(LC_COLLA)108 288 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 300 R .412(ariable det\ +.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 336 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 348 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 360 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and 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F1(LC_MESSA)108 432 Q(GES)-.55 E +F0(This v)144 444 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) -108 396 Q F0(This v)144 408 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 420 Q F0 .054 -(Used by the)144 420 R F1(select)2.554 E F0 .054(compound command to de\ -termine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.554 F .265 -(Automatically set if the)144 432 R F1(checkwinsize)2.765 E F0 .264 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.765 F .564 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .264 -(hell upon receipt of a).15 F F3(SIGWINCH)144 444 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 456 Q F0 1.201 -(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 456 -R F3(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.202 -(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 -(informs the user of the arri)144 468 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 +108 456 Q F0(This 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.49 (olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49 (ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri) -144 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ +144 612 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\ - with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 564 Q(xt of the message,) + with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 624 Q(xt of the message,) -.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 -(MAILP)144 576 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) +(MAILP)144 636 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 588 Q F0 .389 -(supplies a def)2.889 F .389(ault v)-.1 F .389(alue for this v)-.25 F -.389(ariable, b)-.25 F .388 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 648 Q F0 .388 +(supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F +.388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389 (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F -(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 600 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 -(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 612 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 624 R .389 -(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 -(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 --.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 .36(SHELL B)144 636 R(UIL) --.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(OPTERR) -5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 648 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 660 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 -(The search path for commands.)144 660 R .588 -(It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 672 R F3 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 684 S -.535(lue of).25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 696 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 708 R F1(bash)28.828 E F0 -31.329(.A)C 26.329(common v)-2.5 F 26.329(alue is)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 -SF(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 720 -Q F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(16)192.055 E 0 -Cg EP +(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 660 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 +(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 672 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 684 R .39(alue 1,) +-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the) +2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 +F F3 .359(SHELL B)144 696 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 708 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(16)192.895 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(POSIXL)108 84 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 96 R .472 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 E -F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .471 -(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011 -(the startup \214les, as if the)144 108 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 +SF -.74(PA)108 84 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588(The search path for commands.)144 +84 R .587 +(It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .471 +(COMMAND EXECUTION)2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 108 S +.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 120 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +-.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 132 R F1(bash)28.829 E F0 +31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10 +/Courier@0 SF +(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 144 Q +F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 156 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 168 R +.471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 +E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 +(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 +(the startup \214les, as if the)144 180 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 -(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 120 Q F1(bash)2.5 -E F0(enables)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(set -o posix)2.5 E F0 -(had been e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 132 Q -(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0(If set, the v)144 144 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1 -(PR)108 156 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 -(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 168 R .676 +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 +E F0(enables)2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) +-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F3(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 204 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 216 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR) +108 228 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 +(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 240 R .676 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 -(nents to retain when e)144 180 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 +(nents to retain when e)144 252 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -3.423 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E -(w\).)-.25 E(Characters remo)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 204 Q F0 .065(The v)144 -204 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F -F4(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 216 R +3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E +(Characters remo)144 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 276 Q F0 .064(The v)144 +276 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F +F2(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 288 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 228 Q F0 .117(The v)144 228 R .117 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) -5.118 E(def)144 240 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 252 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 252 R 1.115 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 300 Q F0 .118(The v)144 300 R .118 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) +5.117 E(def)144 312 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 324 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 324 R 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F4 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) -144 264 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 276 Q F0 .1 -(The v)144 276 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 288 Q F0 .292 -(displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F -.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F4(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291 -(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 300 Q 2.5(,t) +3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) +144 336 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 348 Q F0 +.101(The v)144 348 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 360 Q F0 .291 +(displays during an e)2.791 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F +.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .292 +(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 372 Q 2.5(,t) -.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 312 Q F0 .663 -(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 324 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F -.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664 -(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 336 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 384 Q F0 .664 +(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 396 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F +.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663 +(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 408 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 348 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 -360 R .826 +G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 420 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 +432 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 372 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 -(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 384 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 396 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 414 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)194 414 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 426 Q F2(p)A F1 -(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 426 Q F1(%[)144 438 Q F2(p) -A F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 438 Q -F1(%[)144 450 Q F2(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 450 Q F1(%P)144 462 -Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 462 Q .87 -(The optional)144 478.8 R F2(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) -3.37 F F2(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) -144 490.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 502.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F2 -(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E -F2(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 514.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 531.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 +3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 444 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 +(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +(an escape sequence that is e)144 456 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +(and their meanings are as follo)144 468 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 486 Q F0 2.5 +(Al)194 486 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 498 Q F4(p)A F1 +(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 498 Q F1(%[)144 510 Q F4(p) +A F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 510 Q +F1(%[)144 522 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 522 Q F1(%P)144 534 +Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 534 Q .87 +(The optional)144 550.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) +144 562.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 574.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4 +(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E +F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 586.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 603.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F2(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 543.6 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 -(If this v)144 560.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) -144 572.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 +F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 615.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 +(If this v)144 632.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +144 644.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 -584.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E +656.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E (wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108 -596.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 608.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) --.25 F F4(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 +668.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 680.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) +-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 (ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 -G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 620.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F4(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F -.885(ing from a terminal.)144 632.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 -(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 644.4 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 692.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F +.886(ing from a terminal.)144 704.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 +(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 716.4 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 -F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 656.4 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 668.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 680.4 -R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 692.4 Q 2.5(su) --.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 704.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 -716.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 -(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 728.4 R -.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 -E(17)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 728.4 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E +(17)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -.367(isting stopped job).15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366 -(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F -1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -96 R(The)6.125 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.125 -(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 108 Q 1.133 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(TMPDIR)108 84 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 96 R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 +(uses its v)2.891 F .391(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F +F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell') +144 108 Q 2.5(su)-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 120 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 +.53(This v)144 132 R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 144 R +.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 156 S .366(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F +1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +168 R(The)6.125 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 +(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 180 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F1 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 -(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 120 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F1(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 132 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F1(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 144 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(%?)3.333 E F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334 -(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v) --3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 156 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F2(%)2.815 E F1(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 168 Q(.)-.55 E -F2(histchars)108 180 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 192 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 +(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 192 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 +F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 204 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +-5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 216 Q F1(%?)3.334 E F0 +.834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR) +3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an) +3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833 +(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 228 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(histchars)108 252 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 264 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) -4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.57 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 204 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F1 1.215 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G -1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 216 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F2(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 -(second character is the)3.298 F F1(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 228 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239 -(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 240 R .575(The def)5.575 -F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F2(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 -(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 276 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216 +(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G +1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) +144 288 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 +(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 300 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G +.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 312 R .575(The def)5.575 +F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 +(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 252 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 264 R 1.293 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F2(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 -(skipped for the remaining w)144 276 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 -(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 288 Q F2(Arrays)87 304.8 Q(Bash) -108 316.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 -(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 328.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F2(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.328(an array)108 340.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 -(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 352.8 R +char)144 324 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 336 R 1.294 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F +.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 348 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F +.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 360 Q F1(Arrays)87 376.8 Q(Bash) +108 388.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 +(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 400.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.329(an array)108 412.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 424.8 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 -364.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +436.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 381.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F1(name)4.963 E F0([)A F1(sub-)A(script)108 393.6 Q F0(]=)A F1(value)A -F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F1(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549 -(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348 -E -.15(ex)108 405.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F2(declar)4.48 -E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F1(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F3 1.98 -(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(declar)108 417.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F1(name)2.5 -E F2([)A F1(subscript)A F2(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F1 -(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 434.4 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F2(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 451.2 Q .941 +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 453.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 465.6 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A +F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F2(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 +E -.15(ex)108 477.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E +4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F3 1.979 +(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 489.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 +E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2 +(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 506.4 Q .3 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 +G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 523.2 Q .94 (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) --.25 F F2(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F2 -.18(re)3.44 G -(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute) --.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 463.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 480 R -F1(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F2(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F1(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F1(n)A F2(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) --4.148 F F1(value)108 492 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F1 -(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F1(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 -(When assigning to inde)108 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 +-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G +(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E +(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 535.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 552 R +F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) +-4.147 F F2(value)108 564 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F2 +(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +(When assigning to inde)108 576 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 -(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 516 R -3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 528 Q -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 544.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) --2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 561.6 R F2(declar) -2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F1(name)108 -573.6 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 +(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 588 R 3.91 +(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) +-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) +-3.911 F(Inde)108 600 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E +(When assigning to an associati)108 616.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 633.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 +645.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F1(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) -4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 585.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(of)108 597.6 Q F1(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) +4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 657.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +(of)108 669.6 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 -G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 609.6 Q(An)108 626.4 Q -3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.575 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 638.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1 -(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F2(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E +G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 681.6 Q(An)108 698.4 Q +3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.576 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 +(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 +(con\215icts with pathname e)108 710.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 +(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 650.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 662.4 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B -.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 -(alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 674.4 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 -(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 -686.4 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 -(within a w)108 698.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 -(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 -710.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 722.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 -F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 -(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(18)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 +(These subscripts dif)108 722.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2) +143.735 E(18)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S -.886(pands to the length of ${).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0 -([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)3.386 E F0(or)3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t) -C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294 -(ments in the array)108 96 R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 -E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde) -3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .295(luates to a number).25 F .629 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 108 R .929 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G -3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(indices count back from the end of the array)108 120 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B .52(xpands to a single w)-.15 +F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 +(alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F +1.375(of the)108 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375 +(special v)3.625 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 +([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.374 +(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027 +(there are no array members, ${)108 108 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B +2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F +2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759(within a w)108 120 R .759(ord, the e) +-.1 F .759(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 +F .759(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e) +108 132 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last p\ +art of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous) +3.016 F .228(to the e)108 144 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters) +-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F3(@)2.728 E F0 +(\(see)2.728 E F3 .228(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 +(]})A -.15(ex)108 156 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A +F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 +E F3(*)3.386 E F0(or)3.386 E F3(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 +F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 +168 R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F1(subscript)3.135 E +F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 +(luates to a number).25 F .628 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 180 R .928 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G +3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(indices count back from the end of the array)108 192 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 -136.8 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G +208.8 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .595(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An) -108 148.8 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 -E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E -F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 165.6 +108 220.8 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 +E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F3(bash)2.5 E +F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 237.6 Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 182.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 -(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 194.4 S .749 +.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 254.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F3(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F3 +(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 266.4 S .75 (pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 -206.4 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 223.2 Q F2(unset) -2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 -G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A +278.4 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 295.2 Q F3(unset) +2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +G(rrays.)-2.767 E F3(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 235.2 Q F0 6.318(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) --6.318 H(ti).15 E 1.618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.318(ubscripts to inde).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.818(da).15 G 1.319 -(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.818 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.319 -(.C).15 G 1.319(are must be tak)-6.319 F 1.319(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 -247.2 S .298(id unw).2 F .298(anted side ef)-.1 F .298 -(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.298 E F1 -(name)2.797 E F0 2.797(,w)C(here)-2.797 E F1(name)2.797 E F0 .297 -(is an array)2.797 F 2.797(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.797 E F2(unset)2.797 E F1 -(name)108 259.2 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E -F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 276 -Q F2(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd) --3.573 E F2 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073 -(iltins each accept a).2 F F23.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 -(rray and a)-3.574 F F23.574 E F0 .339 -(option to specify an associati)108 288 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +-.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 307.2 Q F0 6.319(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) +-6.319 H(ti).15 E 1.619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.319(ubscripts to inde).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.819(da).15 G 1.319 +(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.819 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.318 +(.C).15 G 1.318(are must be tak)-6.318 F 1.318(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 +319.2 S .297(id unw).2 F .297(anted side ef)-.1 F .297 +(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F3(unset)5.297 E F1 +(name)2.798 E F0 2.798(,w)C(here)-2.798 E F1(name)2.798 E F0 .298 +(is an array)2.798 F 2.798(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.798 E F3(unset)2.798 E F1 +(name)108 331.2 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E +F0(is)2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F3(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 348 +Q F3(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F3(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C(nd) +-3.574 E F3 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073 +(iltins each accept a).2 F F33.573 E F0 1.073 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 +(rray and a)-3.573 F F33.573 E F0 .338 +(option to specify an associati)108 360 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) --2.838 F F22.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 -(accepts a)108 300 R F22.941 E F0 .441 +-2.838 F F32.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) +5.338 E F3 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 +(accepts a)108 372 R F32.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 312 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E -(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 328.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 340.8 R 3.26 +-5.441 E F3(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F3(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 384 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 400.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ +rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 412.8 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 -(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 424.8 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) +2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) 2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 -(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 364.8 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369 +(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 436.8 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) 2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .419(The order of e)108 381.6 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 -(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 393.6 S -.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 405.6 Q .257 -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 422.4 R +E .418(The order of e)108 453.6 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 +(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 465.6 S +.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion.)108 477.6 Q .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 494.4 R .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 -E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 434.4 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 506.4 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E 1.486(Only brace e)108 451.2 R 1.486(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486 +-.15 E 1.487(Only brace e)108 523.2 R 1.487(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 -(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 463.2 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F -1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 475.2 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") --2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G -(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2 -(Brace Expansion)87 492 Q F1(Br)108.58 504 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion) --.2 E F0 .606 +(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 +(ex)108 535.2 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F +1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 547.2 S(pansions of ").15 E F3($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") +-2.5 E F3(${)A F1(name)A F3([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G +(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G +(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F3(Brace Expansion)87 564 Q +F1(Br)108.58 576 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 516 Q F1 .415(pathname e) +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 588 Q F1 .415(pathname e) 2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 528 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 600 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 540 R .563 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 612 R .563 (wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563 (he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\ ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \ -resulting string, e)108 552 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 -564 Q .719(Brace e)108 580.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 +resulting string, e)108 624 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 +636 Q .718(Brace e)108 652.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 (The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 592.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) -108 609.6 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 -(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.242 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A -F2(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F1(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F1(y) -3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 621.6 Q F1(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G +108 664.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F3({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F3(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) +108 681.6 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 +(es the form)-.1 F F3({)3.243 E F1(x)A F3(..)A F1(y)A F3([..)A F1(incr)A +F3(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F1(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F1(y) +3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 693.6 Q F1(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 -633.6 R F1(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F1(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) --2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .078 -(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 -(same width.)108 645.6 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or) -2.515 E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 +705.6 R F1(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F1(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .077 +(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 +(same width.)108 717.6 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or) +2.514 E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 657.6 R +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 729.6 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 669.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le) -.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E -F1(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 -(that both)108 681.6 R F1(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F1(y)3.483 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 -(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) --.25 E(between each term.)108 693.6 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 710.4 -R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 -(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.208 -(are preserv)108 722.4 R 1.208(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209 -(It is strictly te)6.209 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)6.209 E F0 1.209 -(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.209 -(yntactic interpretation to the)-3.709 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(19)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(xpression)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(19) +192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(conte)108 84 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S +1.064(pands to each character le).15 F 1.064(xicographically between) +-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F1(y)3.564 E F0 +3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G 1.064 +(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 +(that both)108 96 R F1(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F1(y)3.484 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 +(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) +-.25 E(between each term.)108 108 Q(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 124.8 +R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 +(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 +(are preserv)108 136.8 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 +(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash) +5.016 E F0 .015(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 148.8 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 +-.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 165.6 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441 +t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 177.6 R 3.441 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 124.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E -F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .255(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-) --.15 E 2.91(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(unchanged. A)108 189.6 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 +.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 +(sion. T)108 201.6 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 148.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ +F2(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 213.6 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 165.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 177.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H -(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 194.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25 -G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 206.4 Q(cho)144 218.4 Q +108 230.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 242.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H +(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 259.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 +G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 271.2 Q(cho)144 283.2 Q (wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) --.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 235.2 R .618 +-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 300 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15 +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 312 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G .247 +(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 324 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 -(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 271.2 Q F0 -.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F -.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 -(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 -(If strict compatibility with)108 283.2 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 -(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 295.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 324 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 -F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.086 +(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 336 Q F0 .514 +(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) +3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +(If strict compatibility with)108 348 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 360 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) +2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 +E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 376.8 S +(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 388.8 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F +1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.087 ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) -108 336 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .725 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .522 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +108 400.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 412.8 R .726 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 424.8 Q .523 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 436.8 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .092 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 400.8 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 448.8 Q .093 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 465.6 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 412.8 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 477.6 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) -5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.141 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) +5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 489.6 R F1(N)4.142 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -436.8 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 448.8 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G -.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 +501.6 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 513.6 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G +.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 460.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 525.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 542.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 494.4 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 559.2 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) --.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E -.467(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 +-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E +.468(these cases, tilde e)108 571.2 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 (ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 -518.4 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) +583.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 535.2 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606 -(The `)108 547.2 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606 -(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 559.2 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 -(tect the v)108 571.2 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 -583.2 Q 1.189 -(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -600 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) --3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 -612 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex) -108 624 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 640.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A -1.204(The v)144 652.8 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204(The braces are required when) -6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.205(is a positional)4.435 F -.264(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 664.8 R F2(par) -4.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 676.8 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) -5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 688.8 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) -C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 705.6 R F2(par)2.846 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F -F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G -(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.634(al)108 717.6 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634 -(lo).25 G 2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F1(Bash) -5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 729.6 R 1.003 -(ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 -(xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 -(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(20)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(alue.)-.25 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 600 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `) +108 612 R F2($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e) +-4.105 F 1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F +4.106(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 624 +R .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F +.406(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 +(tect the v)108 636 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 648 +Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) +108 664.8 R F2(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 676.8 R 2.15 +(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 688.8 S +(pansion.).15 E(${)108 705.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205 +(The v)144 717.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F +F1(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 +(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 729.6 R F1(par)4.014 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(20)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .594 -(rather than the v)108 84 R .594(alue of)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(par)3.094 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.095(itself. This)3.095 F .595(is kno) -3.095 F .595(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion) --.2 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1(par)3.095 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .595 -(is a nameref,)3.095 F .478(this e)108 96 R .478 -(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F .478(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.977 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .477 -(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.977 F 2.163(rect e)108 108 R -4.663(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.663 G 2.163 -(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.163(xpansions of ${)-.15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 4.663(}a)C 2.163 -(nd ${)-4.663 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 2.164(]} described)B -(belo)108 120 Q 3.8 -.65(w. T)-.25 H(he e).65 E -(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G -(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E .334 -(In each of the cases belo)108 136.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 E(d) --.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e) --.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 -148.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089(When not performing substring e)108 165.6 -R 1.089(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 -G(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 -(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 177.6 Q(Omitti\ -ng the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E -(${)108 194.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) -A F2 .723(Use Default V)144 206.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 -E F1(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F -.722(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) -3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 218.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 -(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 230.4 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004 -(Assign Default V)144 242.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1 -(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F -2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 -(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 254.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 -G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.677 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 84 R(The)7.677 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676 +(is a shell parameter as described abo)5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.74(PA)144 96 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(ra) +-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A F0(\).)A .346 +(If the \214rst character of)108 112.8 R F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F2(!)A F0 .346 +(\), and)B F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a)2.846 F F1 +(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G(ntroduces) +-2.847 E 2.635(al)108 124.8 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.635 H 2.635(lo).25 G +2.635(fv)-2.635 G .135(ariable indirection.)-2.885 F F2(Bash)5.134 E F0 +.134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F1(par)2.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.134(as the)2.634 F 1.003(name of the v)108 136.8 R 1.003 +(ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 +(xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 +(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .595 +(rather than the v)108 148.8 R .595(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.095 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.095(itself. This)3.095 F .595(is kno)3.095 F .595 +(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.594 +(.I)C(f)-5.594 E F1(par)3.094 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .594(is a nameref,) +3.094 F .477(this e)108 160.8 R .477(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F +.477(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(par)2.978 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .478 +(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.978 F 2.164(rect e)108 172.8 +R 4.663(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.663 G 2.163 +(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.163(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A F1 +(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 4.663(}a)C 2.163(nd ${)-4.663 F F2(!)A F1 +(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 2.163(]} described)B(belo)108 184.8 Q 3.8 -.65 +(w. T)-.25 H(he e).65 E(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 E +2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E +.334(In each of the cases belo)108 201.6 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 +F(and arithmetic e)108 213.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 +(When not performing substring e)108 230.4 R 1.089 +(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G +(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 +(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 242.4 Q(Omitt\ +ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(${)108 259.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A F2 .722(Use Default V)144 271.2 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 +E F1(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F +.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) +3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 283.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 295.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005 +(Assign Default V)144 307.2 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1 +(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F +2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 +(is assigned to)5.274 F F1(par)144 319.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 +G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 266.4 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 278.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2 .535(Display Err)144 290.4 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 331.2 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(${)108 343.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F2 .535(Display Err)144 355.2 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 302.4 R -.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F -(interacti)144 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 367.2 R +.661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F +(interacti)144 379.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 326.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 338.4 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 391.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 403.2 R .745(nate V)-.15 F (alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 350.4 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 362.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 374.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 415.2 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 427.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 439.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 386.4 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 +144 451.2 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 -(character speci\214ed by)144 398.4 R F1(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 -(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 +(character speci\214ed by)144 463.2 R F1(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 +(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F2(*) -3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 410.4 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F2(*) +3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 475.2 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 (fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 -(substring of the v)144 422.4 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F -F1(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) --.15 F .847(end of the v)144 434.4 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0 +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 +(substring of the v)144 487.2 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F +F1(of)2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the) +-.15 F .846(end of the v)144 499.2 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0 (and)3.346 E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F -.846(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 446.4 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 470.4 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 +.847(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.347 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 511.2 Q +(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 535.2 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.046(end of the v)144 482.4 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.045(end of the v)144 547.2 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 494.4 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 506.4 R -.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 518.4 Q -.2 +(of)144 559.2 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 571.2 R +.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 583.2 Q -.2 (vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 542.4 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 -E F2(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1(length)2.959 -E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) -2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .096(is tak)144 554.4 R .096 +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 607.2 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 +E F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 +E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) +2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 619.2 R .095 (en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) -.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .095(luates to).25 F 1.321 -(the last positional parameter)144 566.4 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti) +.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .096(luates to).25 F 1.322 +(the last positional parameter)144 631.2 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti) -6.322 G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if) -3.972 F F1(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 578.4 Q(If)144 602.4 Q F1 -(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 643.2 Q(If)144 667.2 Q F1 +(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) --3.014 F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081 -(the array be)144 614.4 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082 -(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo) -.15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 626.4 R -3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079 -(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079 -(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F1(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079 -(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 638.4 Q(Substring e)144 -662.4 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 686.4 -R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, i\ -n which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 698.4 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def) --.15 F 2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F2($0)2.806 E F0 -.306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 710.4 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(21)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-3.014 F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082 +(the array be)144 679.2 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081 +(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo) +.15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 691.2 R +3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F +6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G +1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08 +(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 703.2 Q(Substring e)144 +727.2 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(21)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A -F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .084 -(Names matching pr)144 108 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.085(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) --2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 120 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F -.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 132 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.931 +(Substring inde)144 84 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional\ + parameters are used, in which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 96 Q .306 +(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.807 E F0 .307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E +(to the list.)144 108 Q(${)108 124.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 +(*)A F0(})A(${)108 136.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 +.085(Names matching pr)144 148.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) +-2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 160.8 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F +.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 172.8 Q (ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -148.8 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 160.8 Q F1(!)A F2 -(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A F1 2.035(List of array k)144 172.8 R(eys) --.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F2(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) +189.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 201.6 Q F2(!)A F1 +(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 213.6 R(eys) +-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) 4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.596(assigned in)144 184.8 R F2(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F2 -(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F2(@)144 196.8 Q F0 +.595(assigned in)144 225.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1 +(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 +(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 237.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -213.6 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 225.6 S .47 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) --5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 -(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F2(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -237.6 Q F0(is)4.439 E F1(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F1(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 -(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +254.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 266.4 S .471 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 +(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) +2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par) +4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 278.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) +3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.208 E F2(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 -(array name subscripted by)144 249.6 R F1(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F1(@) +6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 +(array name subscripted by)144 290.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F2(par)145.25 261.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 -(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 273.6 R 1.272 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 285.6 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 302.4 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 314.4 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(##)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 326.4 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F1(par)145.25 302.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 +(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 314.4 R 1.273 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +144 326.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 +G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 343.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 355.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 367.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F -(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F2(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 +(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.151(name e)144 338.4 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 +.152(name e)144 379.2 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 (the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152 -(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 350.4 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) --.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 1.4(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F1 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151 +(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 391.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) +-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 1.4(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2 (#)A F0 -.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `) -144 362.4 R(`)-.74 E F1(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) -.74 F(If)5.281 E F2(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F1(@)2.781 E -F0(or)2.781 E F1(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo) -144 374.4 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 +144 403.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) +.74 F(If)5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E +F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo) +144 415.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 386.4 R -(If)5.401 E F2(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.631 F -.401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F1(*) -2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 E -(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 398.4 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 415.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 427.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 439.2 Q .347 -.1 -(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.147(.T)C(he) --5.147 E F2(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 -451.2 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 427.2 R +(If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F +.401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) +2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 +(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E +(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 439.2 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 456 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 468 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 +E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 480 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H +.146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1 +(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 492 +S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) --.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 -G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 463.2 R .226 -(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F2 +-.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 +G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 504 R .226 +(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 475.2 S F1 -(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74('' c)D .042 -(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1(%%)A F0 -1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F2(par)3.792 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F1(@)2.542 E F0(or)2.542 E F1(*)2.542 E F0 -2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441(pattern remo)144 487.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G -2.941(lo).25 G .441 +(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 516 S F2 +(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 +(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 +1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 +2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 528 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 +(lo).25 G .441 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 499.2 R(If) -5.24 E F2(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F1(*)2.741 E -F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 -G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E -(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -511.2 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 528 Q F2(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa) -144 540 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C -(he)-6.107 E F2(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 +-2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 540 R(If) +5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E +F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G +(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E +(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 552 +Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 568.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 580.8 +S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 +E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 552 Q F2 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 -(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2(string)144 564 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f)-5.161 -E F2(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.661 E F0 -2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F2(pattern)2.661 E F0 .16 -(are replaced with)2.661 F F2(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 -(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 576 R(If) -5.806 E F2(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F1(#) -3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 -F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 588 S .621 -(lue of).25 F F2(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F2 -(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.121 E F0 -3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F -.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 600 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F2(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) -3.753 F F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F1(/) -3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) -3.754 F 2.732(omitted. If)144 612 R(the)2.732 E F1(nocasematch)2.732 E -F0 .231(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.732 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G .231(rd to the).05 F .187 -(case of alphabetic characters.)144 624 R(If)5.187 E F2(par)3.937 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.417 E F1(@)2.687 E F0(or)2.687 E F1(*)2.688 E F0 -2.688(,t)C .188(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.688 F -.446(positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 636 R .446 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.445 E F2(par)4.195 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .445(is an array v)3.675 F(ari-)-.25 E .462 -(able subscripted with)144 648 R F1(@)2.962 E F0(or)2.962 E F1(*)2.962 E -F0 2.962(,t)C .463 +(sion.)144 592.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 +(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 604.8 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 +E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 +2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 +(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 +(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 616.8 R +(If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) +3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 +F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 628.8 S .62 +(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1 +(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.12 E F0 3.12 +(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 640.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) +3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) +3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be) +3.753 F 2.731(omitted. If)144 652.8 R(the)2.731 E F2(nocasematch)2.731 E +F0 .231(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.731 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G .232(rd to the).05 F .188 +(case of alphabetic characters.)144 664.8 R(If)5.188 E F1(par)3.938 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.418 E F2(@)2.688 E F0(or)2.688 E F2(*)2.687 E F0 +2.687(,t)C .187(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.687 F +.445(positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 676.8 R .446 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.446 E F1(par)4.196 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .446(is an array v)3.676 F(ari-)-.25 E .463 +(able subscripted with)144 688.8 R F2(@)2.963 E F0(or)2.963 E F2(*)2.963 +E F0 2.963(,t)C .462 (he substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in) --2.962 F(turn, and the e)144 660 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 -E(${)108 676.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${) -108 688.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 -700.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(22)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-2.963 F(turn, and the e)144 700.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.) +-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(22)192.895 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation)144 96 R F0 5.438(.T)C -.438(his e)-5.438 F .437 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern) +A F0(})A(${)108 108 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A +(${)108 120 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437 +(Case modi\214cation)144 132 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 108 Q F0 -1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 120 S -1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 144 Q F0 +1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 156 S +1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 -132 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 +168 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F 5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F --.15(ve)144 144 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F +-.15(ve)144 180 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.547(letters to lo)144 156 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0 +1.548(letters to lo)144 192 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0 (and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 168 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 E -F2(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 180 Q F0 .78 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 204 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 E +F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 216 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ -n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 192 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 204 R(If)5.468 E F1 +n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 228 R +(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 240 R(If)5.469 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.969 E -F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ -ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 216 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 232.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 244.8 S .86 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E +F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ +ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 252 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 268.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 280.8 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 256.8 R F1 -(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 -E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 -268.8 Q F2(Q)144 292.8 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 292.8 R 1.065 +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 292.8 R F1 +(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 +E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 +304.8 Q F2(Q)144 328.8 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 328.8 R 1.064 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 304.8 Q F2(E)144 316.8 Q F0 .44(The e)180 316.8 R +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 340.8 Q F2(E)144 352.8 Q F0 .441(The e)180 352.8 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 -F -.15(ex)180 328.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E -F0(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F2(P)144 340.8 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 340.8 R +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F +-.15(ex)180 364.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F2(P)144 376.8 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 376.8 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 352.8 Q F2(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 364.8 Q F0 .299 -(The e)180 364.8 R .299(xpansion is a string in the form of a)-.15 F F2 -(declar)2.799 E(e)-.18 E F0 .3(command that, if e)2.8 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.3(luated, will recre-).25 F(ate)180 376.8 Q F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 388.8 Q -F0(The e)180 388.8 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E +F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 388.8 Q F2(PR) +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 400.8 Q F0 1.138 +(The e)180 400.8 R 1.138 +(xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F +F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 412.8 Q +-.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 424.8 Q F0 +(The e)180 424.8 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 405.6 Q F1(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.811 E F2(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F2(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 441.6 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.081 F -.15(ex)144 417.6 S .346(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F -(If)5.346 E F1(par)4.096 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.576 F -.347(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.847 E F0(or)2.847 E F2(*) -2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .347(he case)-2.847 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ -ion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 429.6 -R 1.203(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 441.6 Q 1.849 -(The result of the e)144 465.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 -F(belo)144 477.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 494.4 Q F1 -1.698(Command substitution)108 506.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 518.4 Q F2($\()144 535.2 Q F1 -(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 547.2 Q F2<92>144 559.2 Q F1(command) -A F2<92>A(Bash)108 576 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 -.02(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 -(dard output of the command, with an)108 588 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 +-4.08 F -.15(ex)144 453.6 S .347(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F +(If)5.347 E F1(par)4.097 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.577 F +.346(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.846 E F0(or)2.846 E F2(*) +2.846 E F0 2.846(,t)C .346(he case)-2.846 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ +ion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 465.6 +R 1.204(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 477.6 Q 1.85 +(The result of the e)144 501.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F +1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described) +-.15 F(belo)144 513.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 530.4 +Q F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 542.4 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 554.4 Q F2($\()144 571.2 Q F1 +(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 583.2 Q F2<92>144 595.2 Q F1(command) +A F2<92>A(Bash)108 612 Q F0 .02(performs the e)2.52 F .02(xpansion by e) +-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 .019 +(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 +(dard output of the command, with an)108 624 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 (railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 -F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 600 Q 3.218(ym) --.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719 -(uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 +F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 636 Q 3.219(ym) +-.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719 +(uring w)-3.219 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 (The command substitution)5.719 F F2($\(cat)3.219 E F1(\214le)3.219 E F2 -(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 612 Q -.25(va)-.25 +(\))A F0 .718(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 648 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 628.8 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 640.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 -<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 664.8 R(xcept)-.15 E +.315(when follo)108 676.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.815 E F0(,)A F2 +<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F2(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 652.8 R 1.387(using the $\() -3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 664.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 681.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 688.8 R 1.386(using the $\() +3.886 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F +(mand; none are treated specially)108 700.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 717.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 693.6 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 710.4 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15) -142.895 E(23)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(quotes with backslashes.)108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(23)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.034 -(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034 -(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 -(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 108 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 -124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A -F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 -(treated specially)108 153.6 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 84 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 +112.8 Q F0 1.035(Arithmetic e)108 124.8 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F +1.035(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e) +.25 F 1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 136.8 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 153.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 +(\)\))A F0(The)108 170.4 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 +.165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 +(treated specially)108 182.4 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 -(tution, and quote remo)108 165.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 177.6 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 194.4 +-.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 +(tution, and quote remo)108 194.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F +1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F +-.15(ex)108 206.4 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 223.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 206.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 235.2 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) -2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 223.2 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 235.2 Q .971(ocess substitution) --.45 F F0 .971(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471 -F F2(FIFOs)A F0 3.47(\)o)C 3.47(rt)-3.47 G(he)-3.47 E F1(/de)3.47 E -(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .97(method of)3.47 F .021(naming open \214les.)108 247.2 -R .021(It tak)5.021 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A +2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 252 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 264 Q .97(ocess substitution)-.45 F +F0 .971(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F2 +(FIFOs)A F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F1(/de)3.471 E +(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 276 +R .021(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.021(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 -(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .059(nected to a)108 259.2 -R F2(FIFO)2.559 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.559 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) +(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 288 R +F2(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) -.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar) --5.058 F .058(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .13 -(mand as the result of the e)108 271.2 R 2.63(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) +-5.058 F .059(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .131 +(mand as the result of the e)108 300 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) 2.63 E F1(>\()2.63 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .13 -(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .131 -(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)2.631 E F0(.)A(If the)108 283.2 Q F1(<\() -2.5 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E +(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .13(vide input for) +-.15 F F2(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 312 Q F1(<\()2.5 E F2(list)A F1 +(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 -(.)A .897(When a)108 300 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitut\ -ion is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896 +(.)A .896(When a)108 328.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\ +ution is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .897 (ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 312 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 328.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 340.8 R 1.143 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 352.8 Q +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 340.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 357.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 369.6 R 1.142 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 381.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 369.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 398.4 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 381.6 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.708 E F0 -(,)A .837(the def)108 393.6 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 -()3.337 E F0(,)A F1()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1 -()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 405.6 R .345 +108 410.4 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.707 E F0 +(,)A .836(the def)108 422.4 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +()3.336 E F0(,)A F1()3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 +()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 434.4 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 417.6 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 446.4 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 +E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -429.6 Q F0(and)3.186 E F1(tab)3.186 E F0 .686(are ignored at the be) -3.186 F .686(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .687 -(ord, as long as the whitespace character is in)-.1 F .277(the v)108 -441.6 R .277(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.777 E F0(\(an)2.527 E F3(IFS)2.777 +458.4 Q F0(and)3.187 E F1(tab)3.187 E F0 .687(are ignored at the be) +3.187 F .687(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .686 +(ord, as long as the whitespace character is in)-.1 F .276(the v)108 +470.4 R .276(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.777 E F0(\(an)2.527 E F3(IFS)2.777 E F0 .277(whitespace character\).)2.527 F(An)5.277 E 2.777(yc)-.15 G .277(haracter in)-2.777 F F3(IFS)2.777 E F0 .277(that is not)2.527 F F3 -(IFS)2.777 E F0 .276(whitespace, along with)2.527 F(an)108 453.6 Q 3.335 -(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-3.335 E F3(IFS)3.335 E F0 .835 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)3.085 F 3.336(As)5.835 G -.836(equence of)-3.336 F F3(IFS)3.336 E F0 .836 -(whitespace characters is also)3.086 F(treated as a delimiter)108 465.6 +(IFS)2.777 E F0 .277(whitespace, along with)2.527 F(an)108 482.4 Q 3.336 +(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-3.336 E F3(IFS)3.336 E F0 .836 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)3.086 F 3.335(As)5.835 G +.835(equence of)-3.335 F F3(IFS)3.335 E F0 .835 +(whitespace characters is also)3.085 F(treated as a delimiter)108 494.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0 -(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.879 -(Explicit null ar)108 482.4 R 1.879(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G +(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878 +(Explicit null ar)108 511.2 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.545 E F1 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) --4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.878 -(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 494.4 S .176 -(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .476 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.676(ov).15 G -.176(alues, are remo)-2.926 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.677(ap) -2.677 G .177(arameter with no v)-2.677 F .177(alue is e)-.25 F .177 -(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 506.4 Q -(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 523.2 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 540 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 552 R .371 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.871 E F0 .371 -(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F -.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 -(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 564 R .677 +-4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.879 +(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 523.2 S .177 +(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G +.177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap) +2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176 +(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 535.2 Q +(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 552 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 568.8 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 580.8 R .37 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.87 E F0 .37 +(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F +.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 +2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 592.8 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 -(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 576 R +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 +(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 604.8 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) -2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F .008 -(are found, and the shell option)108 588 R F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008 -(is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009 -(If the)5.009 F F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .009(option is)2.509 F .443 -(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 600 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F1(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442 -(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38 -(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 612 R +2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F .009 +(are found, and the shell option)108 616.8 R F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008 +(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008 +(If the)5.008 F F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008(option is)2.508 F .442 +(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 628.8 R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F1(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443 +(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 F 1.38 +(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 640.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F1 -(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 -(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 624 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 -(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 636 R .377 +(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 +(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 652.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 +(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 664.8 R .378 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .579(matched e)108 648 R(xplicitly)-.15 E -3.079(,u)-.65 G .579(nless the shell option)-3.079 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E -F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .578 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.788(must al)108 -660 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.788(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 6.788(.I) --.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F1 -.63(``)4.288 -G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.788(character is not treated specially) -6.788 F 6.789(.S)-.65 G 1.789(ee the)-6.789 F .166(description of)108 -672 R F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(belo)2.666 E 2.666(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.666 E F3 -.166(SHELL B)2.666 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .165 -(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.665 E F0(,)A F1(null-) -2.665 E(glob)108 684 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 -(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 700.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE) -2.785 E F0 .285(shell v)2.535 F .285 +E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .578(matched e)108 676.8 R(xplicitly)-.15 E +3.078(,u)-.65 G .578(nless the shell option)-3.078 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E +F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .579 +(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.789(must al)108 +688.8 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.788(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 6.788 +(.I)-.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F1 -.63(``) +4.288 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.788 +(character is not treated specially)6.788 F 6.788(.S)-.65 G 1.788 +(ee the)-6.788 F .165(description of)108 700.8 R F1(shopt)2.665 E F0 +(belo)2.665 E 2.665(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.665 E F3 .165(SHELL B)2.665 F(UIL) +-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .166(for a description of the)2.415 +F F1(nocaseglob)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(null-)2.666 E(glob)108 712.8 Q F0(,)A +F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 729.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.398 E F0 1.898 +(shell v)4.148 F 1.897 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214lenames matching a)-.25 -F F2(pattern)2.786 E F0 5.286(.I).24 G(f)-5.286 E F3(GLO-)2.786 E -(BIGNORE)108 712.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214lename that als\ -o matches one of the patterns in)4.566 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.816 E F0(is) -4.565 E(remo)108 724.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G 1.414 -(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1(nocaseglob) -3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.415 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15) -142.895 E(24)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F F2(pattern)4.397 E F0 6.897(.I).24 G(f)-6.897 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(24)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 84 Q F0 .147(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga) --.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.146 E -F2 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146(are al)5.776 F -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 .827 +SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 84 Q F0 .982(is set, each matching \214lename that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)3.232 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.483 E F0(is) +3.233 E(remo)108 96 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415 +(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415 +(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414(ainst the patterns in)-.05 +F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 108 Q F0 .146(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F2 -.63 +(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.147 E F2 -.63(``)2.647 G(..) +.63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147 +(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 120 Q F0 .827 (is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827 (to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F -.683(enabling the)108 108 R F2(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) +.682(enabling the)108 132 R F2(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 120 Q 1.184 -(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F F2 +5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 144 Q 1.185 +(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E -F2 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185(one of the patterns in) -6.185 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 132 Q +F2 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184(one of the patterns in) +6.184 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 156 Q F2(dotglob)2.5 E F0(option is disabled when)2.5 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is unset.)2.25 E F2 -.1(Pa)108 148.8 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching) --2.5 E F0(An)108 165.6 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in \ +(is unset.)2.25 E F2 -.1(Pa)108 172.8 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching) +-2.5 E F0(An)108 189.6 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in \ a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described belo) --3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 177.6 +-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 201.6 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F -.576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 189.6 R .576 +.576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 213.6 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 201.6 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 218.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2(*)144 235.2 Q F0 .376 -(Matches an)180 235.2 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F2 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 247.2 +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 225.6 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 242.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2(*)144 259.2 Q F0 .377 +(Matches an)180 259.2 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F2 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 271.2 Q F2(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F2(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 (will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ -.)180 259.2 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F2(/)3.558 E -F0(,)A(tw)180 271.2 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F2(?)144 283.2 Q -F0(Matches an)180 283.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F2([...])144 295.2 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 295.2 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 -(denotes a)180 307.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E +.)180 283.2 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F2(/)3.558 E +F0(,)A(tw)180 295.2 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F2(?)144 307.2 Q +F0(Matches an)180 307.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E +F2([...])144 319.2 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 319.2 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 +(denotes a)180 331.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) -3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F -3.185(oc)-.1 G .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 319.2 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc) +3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc) -.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F -1.212(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 331.2 R 1.123 -(wing the)-.25 F F2([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F2(!)3.623 E F0 -1.124(or a)6.123 F F2(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G -1.124(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 343.2 R .894 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) -180 355.2 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 +1.213(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 355.2 R 1.124 +(wing the)-.25 F F2([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F2(!)3.624 E F0 +1.124(or a)6.124 F F2(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G +1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 367.2 R .895 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) +180 379.2 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 (or)2.625 E F1(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 -F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 367.2 R .068 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F2([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F --.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F2([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 -(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 379.2 R F2(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 -.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F2(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 391.2 R .067 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F2([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 403.2 R F2(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F2(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F2(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F22.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F22.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 391.2 R(A)5.193 E F2(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 403.2 Q -.4(Wi) -180 421.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F2(])3.07 E F0(,)A F4 --.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F2([:)3.071 E F4(class)A F2 -(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F4(class)3.071 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 433.2 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F2 8.173 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 445.2 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 457.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.289(Ac)180 469.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) +180 415.2 R(A)5.193 E F2(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 427.2 Q -.4(Wi) +180 445.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F2(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 +-.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F2([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F2 +(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) +180 457.2 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F2 +8.173(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 469.2 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 481.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.29(Ac)180 493.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) -.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F2 --.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 481.2 Q -.4(Wi) -180 499.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F2(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F2([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F2(=]) -A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 511.2 R -(the character)180 523.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 541.2 S(thin).4 +-.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 505.2 Q -.4(Wi) +180 523.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F2(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F2([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F2(=]) +A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 535.2 R +(the character)180 547.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 565.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F2([.) 2.5 E F4(symbol)A F2(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 558 R F2(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F2(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 570 -R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 582 R F2(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F2(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 594 +R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F2(|)2.756 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F2(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 582 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F2(?\()144 606 Q F4(pattern-list) -.833 E F2(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 618 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(*\()144 630 Q F4 +108 606 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F2(?\()144 630 Q F4(pattern-list) +.833 E F2(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 642 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(*\()144 654 Q F4 (pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 642 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(+\()144 654 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 666 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(@\()144 678 Q F4(pattern-list).833 -E F2(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 690 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(!\()144 702 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 -E F0(Matches an)180 714 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(25)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 666 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(+\()144 678 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 690 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(@\()144 702 Q F4(pattern-list).833 +E F2(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 714 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) +.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(25) +192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113 -(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.113 +SF(!\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E +F0(Matches an)180 96 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 112.8 Q -.1(va) +-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 124.8 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 124.8 Q F0 .545(Before a command is e) -108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F -/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E(ected)-.37 E F0 .545 -(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405(by the shell.)108 -148.8 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws commands' \214le handles \ -to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 160.8 -Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the command reads fr\ -om and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 172.8 R -.15 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 136.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 153.6 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 165.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 +(by the shell.)108 177.6 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) +-.25 F(dif)108 189.6 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ +the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 +(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 201.6 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 -184.8 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F3(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G -.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 196.8 Q 2.5 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 +213.6 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G +.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 225.6 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 213.6 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) -108 225.6 R F3(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +stead be preceded by a w)108 242.4 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) +108 254.4 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 237.6 S -.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F -F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F3(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 249.6 Q -F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F3(varname)2.5 E F0 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)108 -266.4 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ -ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 -(ion operator is)108 278.4 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 266.4 +S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 +F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 278.4 Q +F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108 +295.2 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ +ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 +(ion operator is)108 307.2 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 290.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 319.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 307.2 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 -(jected to brace e)108 319.2 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 331.2 R -.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 336 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 +(jected to brace e)108 348 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 360 R +.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 343.2 S(rd,).1 E F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 360 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 376.8 Q F1(>)2.5 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 372 S(rd,).1 E F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 388.8 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 405.6 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 393.6 -Q F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 -410.4 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 427.2 R F3(dirlist)3.027 -E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 422.4 +Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 +439.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 456 R F2(dirlist)3.027 E +F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 439.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 456 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 468 Q F1(/de)144 484.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F3(fd)A F0 -(If)180 496.8 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E -2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E -F1(/de)144 508.8 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) -180 520.8 Q F1(/de)144 532.8 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 544.8 Q F1(/de)144 556.8 Q -(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 568.8 Q F1(/de) -144 580.8 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 592.8 Q -F3(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 604.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -616.8 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 628.8 Q F3 -(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(output before the standard output w)108 468 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 +(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 484.8 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 496.8 Q F1(/de)144 513.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A +F0(If)180 525.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 +E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 +E F1(/de)144 537.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) +180 549.6 Q F1(/de)144 561.6 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 573.6 Q F1(/de)144 585.6 Q +(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 597.6 Q F1(/de) +144 609.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 621.6 Q +F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 640.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 633.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +645.6 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 657.6 Q F2 +(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 669.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -657.6 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 674.4 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 686.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -703.2 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 -(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 715.2 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 727.2 Q F3 -(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F3(n)2.86 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 -E(26)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +686.4 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 703.2 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 715.2 Q(.)-.65 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(26)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 84 Q([)144 100.8 Q/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F2(Redir)87 117.6 Q(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Redir)87 84 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) +108 96 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.231 E(d) +-.37 E F0 .391(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor) +108 108 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 158.4 Q +(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 129.6 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 141.6 -R F1(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F --.15(ex)108 153.6 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +108 170.4 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4 +R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F +-.15(ex)108 194.4 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 170.4 Q([)144 187.2 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 204 R F2(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F2(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F2(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 216 R .657 -(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658(xpansion of) --.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658(ists and is a re) -.15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)5.658 F .409 -(rection operator is)108 228 R F2(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt) --2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F2(>)2.909 E F0 .409 -(and the)2.909 F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409(option to the)2.909 -F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408(iltin command).2 F -(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 240 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 256.8 S(pending Redir).25 E -(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641(Redirection of output in this f)108 268.8 R -.642(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 280.8 R F1(n)2.974 E F0 +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 256.8 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E +F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 +280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 +297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 309.6 R .642 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 321.6 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.333 E F0 -.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 -292.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 309.6 Q([)144 326.4 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 343.2 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 355.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ -\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) --.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -367.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 384 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G -(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2 -(&>)144 400.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 412.8 Q F2(>&)144 424.8 Q -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 441.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G -(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 458.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F2(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 475.2 R F1(wor) -2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F22.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 487.2 Q -F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 504 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 516 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 +.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 +333.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 350.4 Q([)144 367.2 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 384 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 396 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F -(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 528 Q -(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 408 Q +(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108 +424.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 +(&>)144 441.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 453.6 Q F1(>&)144 465.6 Q +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 482.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 499.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 516 R F2(wor)2.614 +E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 +2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G .115 +(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 528 Q F1 +(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 544.8 S +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 556.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) +-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 +568.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -544.8 Q F2(&>>)144 561.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 578.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(>>)144 595.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 -612 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(Her)87 628.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ -ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 640.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 652.8 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +585.6 Q F1(&>>)144 602.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 619.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 +(>>)144 636 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 +652.8 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E +F1(Her)87 669.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ +irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ +l a line containing only)108 681.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 693.6 Q F0 .615 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 664.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E -F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 681.6 Q([)144 698.4 Q F1(n)A F0(]) -A F2(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 710.4 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 722.4 Q F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(27)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 705.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E +F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(27)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .302 -(No parameter and v)108 84 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 -(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .225(is performed on)108 -96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.725 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.225(.I).77 G -2.726(fa)-5.225 G .526 -.15(ny c)-2.726 H .226(haracters in).15 F F1 -(wor)3.066 E(d)-.37 E F0 .226(are quoted, the)3.496 F F1(delimiter)3.076 -E F0 .226(is the result of quote remo)3.456 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.726(lo) -.25 G(n)-2.726 E F1(wor)108 108 Q(d)-.37 E F0 2.715(,a).77 G .215 -(nd the lines in the here-document are not e)-2.715 F 2.714(xpanded. If) --.15 F F1(wor)2.714 E(d)-.37 E F0 .214 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-docu-)2.714 F .499 -(ment are subjected to parameter e)108 120 R .499 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .5 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 132 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<<)A F0([)A F2A +F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 96 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 +108 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 124.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 +(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .226(is performed on)108 +136.8 R F1(wor)2.726 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.226(.I).77 G 2.726(fa)-5.226 G .526 +-.15(ny c)-2.726 H .226(haracters in).15 F F1(wor)3.066 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.226(are quoted, the)3.496 F F1(delimiter)3.076 E F0 .225 +(is the result of quote remo)3.456 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.725(lo).25 G(n) +-2.725 E F1(wor)108 148.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0 2.714(,a).77 G .214 +(nd the lines in the here-document are not e)-2.714 F 2.714(xpanded. If) +-.15 F F1(wor)2.715 E(d)-.37 E F0 .215 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-docu-)2.715 F .499 +(ment are subjected to parameter e)108 160.8 R .499 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .499 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 172.8 Q F2(\\)2.5 +E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 148.8 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +(If the redirection operator is)108 189.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 160.8 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 201.6 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 (.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 177.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 189.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 206.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 223.2 Q -F1(wor)2.893 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.893 E .393(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 -(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .394 -(ariable e)-.25 F .394(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.148 -(tution, arithmetic e)108 235.2 R 2.148(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 218.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 230.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) +144 247.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 264 Q F1 +(wor)2.894 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.894 E .394(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 +(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .393 +(ariable e)-.25 F .393(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.147 +(tution, arithmetic e)108 276 R 2.147(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.648(l. P).25 F 2.148(athname e)-.15 F 2.148 -(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.147(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E -2.574(formed. The)108 247.2 R .074(result is supplied as a single strin\ -g to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descriptor)2.574 F F1 -(n)2.574 E F0(if)2.574 E F1(n)108 259.2 Q F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 276 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -288 Q([)144 304.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 321.6 R(If)5.127 E -F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.148(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E +2.574(formed. The)108 288 R .074(result is supplied as a single string \ +to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descriptor)2.574 F F1 +(n)2.574 E F0(if)2.574 E F1(n)108 300 Q F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2 +(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 316.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 +328.8 Q([)144 345.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 362.4 R(If)5.127 E +F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -333.6 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 345.6 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F22.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 357.6 Q -(The operator)108 374.4 Q([)144 391.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .443 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 408 R(If) -5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 420 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor)4.198 -E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ - a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 432 R F1(wor)3.093 E -(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F22.754 E F0 -2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F1(n)3.114 E F0 .254 +374.4 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 386.4 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F22.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 398.4 Q +(The operator)108 415.2 Q([)144 432 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 .444 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 448.8 R +(If)5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 460.8 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F1(wor) +4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 472.8 R F1(wor) +3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F22.754 E +F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F1(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F1(n)2.754 E F0 -.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E -.966(not e)108 444 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 -3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 +.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E +.965(not e)108 484.8 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 456 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 472.8 Q -(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 484.8 Q([) -144 501.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 518.4 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F1 -(digit)3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 -3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 -.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 530.4 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 +-3.466 F(pre)108 496.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 513.6 Q +(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 525.6 Q([) +144 542.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 559.2 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F1 +(digit)3.036 E F0 .536(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 +3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)-3.036 G .535 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 +.535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 571.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 (is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) -108 547.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 564 Q F1 -(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 580.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1(digit)2.786 E F0 -.286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786 -(rt)-2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F -F1(n)2.785 E F0 .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 592.8 Q F2 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 609.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 621.6 Q([)144 638.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) +108 588 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 604.8 Q F1 +(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F1(digit)2.785 E F0 +.285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785 +(rt)-2.785 G .286(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F +F1(n)2.786 E F0 .286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 633.6 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 650.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 662.4 Q([)144 679.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -655.2 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +696 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 667.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +108 708 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 684 Q F1(Aliases)108 696 Q F0(allo)3.174 E -3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 -(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 708 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 720 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(28)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) +72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(28)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(check)108 84 Q -.472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472(If so, that w)5.472 F .473 -(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473 -(The characters)5.473 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/)2.973 E F0(,)A F1($) -2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 96 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 1.112 -(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)-3.612 -F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E -F0 1.112(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H -1.111(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 108 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 120 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 132 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 144 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 156 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Aliases)108 96 +Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w) +-3.173 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 +(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 108 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(alias)2.893 E F0(and)2.893 E F3(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393 +(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B) +4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98 +(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .473 +(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473(If so, that w)5.473 F .472 +(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472 +(The characters)5.472 F F3(/)2.972 E F0(,)A F3($)2.972 E F0(,)A F3<92> +2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.611 E F0 1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611 +(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E +(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 156 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 F +.513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 180 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 192 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 172.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F3 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 189.6 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 237.6 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 201.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E 1.22(Aliases are not e)108 218.4 R 1.22 +108 249.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 266.4 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) -.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 230.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F3 +.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F3(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -247.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 -(one complete line of input before e)108 259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 +295.2 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 +(one complete line of input before e)108 307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 271.2 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 319.2 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 -(another command does not tak)108 283.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 +(another command does not tak)108 331.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 -(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 295.2 R .277 +1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 +(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 343.2 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 +355.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 319.2 R .613 +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 367.2 R .612 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 331.2 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 +(av)108 379.2 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 -(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058 +(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 -343.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 360 S +391.2 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 408 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 376.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 388.8 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F3 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 400.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 412.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 424.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 436.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F1 +(FUNCTIONS)72 424.8 Q F0 3.468(As)108 436.8 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 448.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 +(shell; no ne)108 472.8 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 484.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 448.8 -R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 460.8 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 496.8 +R F3(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 508.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -477.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 489.6 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.715 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F1(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F1(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 501.6 S(IL) -.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.214(these e)108 537.6 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.714 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 549.6 S(IL) +.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F1(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 513.6 R F3(declar) +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F3(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 561.6 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 525.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 537.6 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 554.4 S .656 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v)108 566.4 Q +-.25 F F3 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 573.6 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F3(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 585.6 Q F3(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 602.4 S .655 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F3(local) +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 614.4 Q (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E -(The)108 583.2 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 +(The)108 631.2 Q F3(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -595.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 612 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 660 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F3 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 624 R 1.011 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 672 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 636 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F3(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 684 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 648 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5 +108 696 Q F3(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5 (yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 -G(cution.).15 E 1.358 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 664.8 R F1 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 676.8 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +G(cution.).15 E 1.359 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 712.8 R F3 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F3(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.858 E F3(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 724.8 R F33.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F3 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F3(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.326(\214le and line number)108 688.8 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G -(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 700.8 R -1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.798 E -F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F .16 -(deleted using the)108 712.8 R F12.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 -F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 -(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161(ariables with the same name) --.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en) -108 724.8 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G -3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15) -142.895 E(29)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(29)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(should be tak)108 -84 Q(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .371 -(Functions may be recursi)108 100.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) --5.371 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .327 +(\214le and line number)108 84 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G(he) +-2.827 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 96 R 1.597 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.797 E F0 +1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 +(deleted using the)108 108 R F12.661 E F0 .161(option to the)2.661 +F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 +(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 +F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 +120 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 +(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 132 Q +(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372 +(Functions may be recursi)108 148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) +-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 112.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 160.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 124.8 Q .3 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -141.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 -(The shell allo)108 153.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 +189.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 +(The shell allo)108 201.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.798 E F0 -(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 165.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206 -(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .206(Arithmetic Expansion)2.706 F F0 2.705 -(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .205(ed-width inte)-.15 -F .205(gers with no)-.15 F .428(check for o)108 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -(r\215o).15 E 1.728 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .428(hough di).65 F .428 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.429(.T)-.55 G -.429(he operators and their prece-)-5.429 F 1.92(dence, associati)108 -189.6 R(vity)-.25 E 4.42(,a)-.65 G 1.92(nd v)-4.42 F 1.92 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.919(The follo)6.919 F -1.919(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 201.6 Q -.15 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 +(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 213.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205 +(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 2.705 +(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte)-.15 +F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +(r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G +.428(he operators and their prece-)-5.428 F 1.919(dence, associati)108 +237.6 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F +1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 249.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 218.4 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25 -(va)144 230.4 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 -242.4 Q F3(id)A F12.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 254.4 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 266.4 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)144 266.4 Q F1 2.5(!~)108 278.4 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 278.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 -290.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 290.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 302.4 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 302.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad> -108 314.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 314.4 Q F1(<< >>)108 326.4 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 326.4 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 338.4 Q F0 -(comparison)144 350.4 Q F1(== !=)108 362.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 362.4 Q F1(&)108 374.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 374.4 Q F1(^)108 386.4 Q -F0(bitwise e)144 386.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|) -108 398.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 398.4 Q F1(&&)108 410.4 Q F0(logical AND) -144 410.4 Q F1(||)108 422.4 Q F0(logical OR)144 422.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 -434.4 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 446.4 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 458.4 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 266.4 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25 +(va)144 278.4 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 +290.4 Q F3(id)A F12.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 302.4 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 314.4 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)144 314.4 Q F1 2.5(!~)108 326.4 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 326.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 +338.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 338.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 350.4 S +F0(multiplication, di)144 350.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad> +108 362.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 362.4 Q F1(<< >>)108 374.4 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 374.4 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 386.4 Q F0 +(comparison)144 398.4 Q F1(== !=)108 410.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) +144 410.4 Q F1(&)108 422.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 422.4 Q F1(^)108 434.4 Q +F0(bitwise e)144 434.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|) +108 446.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 446.4 Q F1(&&)108 458.4 Q F0(logical AND) +144 458.4 Q F1(||)108 470.4 Q F0(logical OR)144 470.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 +482.4 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 494.4 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 506.4 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G -(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 470.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 482.4 S -(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 494.4 Q .68 -(Shell v)108 511.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 +(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 518.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 530.4 S +(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 542.4 Q .68 +(Shell v)108 559.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 523.2 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 571.2 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 535.2 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G -1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 -(using the parameter e)108 547.2 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 559.2 R 1.389 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 -E F3(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 -F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 -(assigned a v)108 571.2 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 -(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G -.332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 -H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 583.2 Q(xpression.)-.15 E -1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 -600 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F -(xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 612 R 2.613(et)-.1 G -.113(he form [)-2.613 F F3(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F3 -(base)2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 624 R F3(n)3.033 E F0 .533 -(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F3(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108 636 -R F3(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 -(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512 -(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942 -(@, and _, in that order)108 648 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F3(base) -3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943 +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 583.2 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G +1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 +(using the parameter e)108 595.2 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 607.2 R 1.389 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) +-3.889 E F3(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 +(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) +3.889 E .332(assigned a v)108 619.2 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) +2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 +(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 +-.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) +2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 631.2 Q +(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 648 R +3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) +-.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 660 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 +(he form [)-2.612 F F3(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) +2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 672 R F3(n)3.034 E F0 .534 +(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F3(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .512(When specifying)108 684 +R F3(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.012 F .513 +(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943 +(@, and _, in that order)108 696 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F3(base) +3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F -(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 660 Q .235 -(Operators are e)108 676.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 708 Q .234 +(Operators are e)108 724.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 688.8 S -(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)72 705.6 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255(Conditional e)108 -717.6 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[)2.755 E F0 .255 -(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F1([) -2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F .77 -(\214le attrib)108 729.6 R .77 -(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(30)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(luated \214rst and may).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2) +143.735 E(30)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.04 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 84 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.54 E F0(ar)3.54 E 1.041 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.541 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.541(,t)C 1.041(hen \214le)-3.541 F(descriptor)108 96 -Q F1(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E -F1(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.788 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.788(,o)C(r)-3.788 E F1 -(/de)108 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ove)108 84 S +(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 100.8 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 112.8 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2 +(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255 +(iltin commands to test).2 F .77(\214le attrib)108 124.8 R .77 +(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 +(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.041 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 136.8 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F3(/de)3.54 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 148.8 +Q F3(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E +F3(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F3(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F3(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F3 +(/de)108 160.8 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 +(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 124.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 136.8 -Q 1.096(When used with)108 154.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)3.596 E F0 -3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E F2(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095 -(operators sort le)3.595 F 1.095 -(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 E F2(test) -3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 166.8 Q F2 -108 190.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 190.8 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 202.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 202.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2108 214.8 Q -F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 214.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2108 -226.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 226.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2108 -238.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 238.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 250.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 250.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2108 262.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 262.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2108 274.8 Q F1(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 274.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 286.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 286.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F2108 298.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 298.8 S(ue if) -.35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F2108 310.8 Q F1(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 310.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2108 322.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 322.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2108 334.8 Q F1(fd) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 334.8 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F1(fd)4.47 E -F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2108 346.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 346.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +108 177.6 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 189.6 +Q 1.095(When used with)108 207.6 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 +E F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 +E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +219.6 Q F2108 243.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 243.6 S +(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 +255.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 255.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2108 +267.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 267.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2 +108 279.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 279.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2 +108 291.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 291.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 303.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 303.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2108 315.6 +Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 315.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2108 327.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 327.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 339.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 339.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G +(it is set.)-2.5 E F2108 351.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +351.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F2108 363.6 Q F3(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 363.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2108 375.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 375.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2108 387.6 Q F3(fd) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 387.6 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F3(fd)4.47 E +F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2108 399.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 399.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2108 -358.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 358.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2108 370.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 370.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +411.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 411.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2108 423.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 423.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2108 -382.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 382.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +435.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 435.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 -E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2108 394.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 394.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 406.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 406.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2108 447.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 447.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 459.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 459.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F2 -108 418.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 418.8 S(ue if).35 E F1 +108 471.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 471.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F2108 430.8 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 430.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F1(\214le1)108 442.8 Q F2 -(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 454.8 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F1(\214le1)108 466.8 Q F02.5 E F2 -(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 478.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 -E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F1 -(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 -(\214le1)108 490.8 Q F02.5 E F2(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -502.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F1(\214le2) -2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2108 514.8 Q -F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 526.8 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 -F F1(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F2108 483.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 483.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F3(\214le1)108 495.6 Q F2 +(\255ef)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 +(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F3(\214le1)108 519.6 Q F02.5 E F2 +(nt)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 531.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 +E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F3 +(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3 +(\214le1)108 543.6 Q F02.5 E F2(ot)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +555.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F3(\214le2) +2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2108 567.6 Q +F3(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 579.6 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 +F F3(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F2 -2.763 E F0(option to the)144 538.8 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2108 550.8 Q F1(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 562.8 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F1(varname) +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 591.6 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2108 603.6 Q F3(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 615.6 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F3(varname) 2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F2 -108 574.8 Q F1(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 586.8 S(ue if the shell v) -.35 E(ariable)-.25 E F1(varname)2.79 E F0 -(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F2108 598.8 Q F1(string) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 610.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.5 E -F0(is zero.)2.5 E F1(string)108 622.8 Q F2108 634.8 Q F1(string) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 646.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.84 E -F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F1(string1)108 663.6 Q F2(==)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 -E(string1)108 675.6 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 687.6 S -.862(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 .861 -(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .861 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 -699.6 R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 711.6 Q F0(\).)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(31)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +108 627.6 Q F3(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 639.6 S(ue if the shell v) +.35 E(ariable)-.25 E F3(varname)2.79 E F0 +(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F2108 651.6 Q F3(string) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 663.6 S(ue if the length of).35 E F3(string)2.5 E +F0(is zero.)2.5 E F3(string)108 675.6 Q F2108 687.6 Q F3(string) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 699.6 S(ue if the length of).35 E F3(string)2.84 E +F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E +(31)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!=)2.5 E F1 -(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 -E F1(string1)108 112.8 Q F2(<)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -124.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F1(string2) -2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 141.6 Q -F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 153.6 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E -(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 170.4 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP) -2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 182.4 Q F0 .385 -(is one of)2.635 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 -(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 -2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 -(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.884 E -(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ -qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 194.4 R F1(ar)144 -206.4 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.) --.65 E F1(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0 -(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) --2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 223.2 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614 -(When a simple command is e)108 235.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(==)2.5 E F1 +(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 96 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 108 S .861(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 .861 +(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .862 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 120 +R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 132 Q F0(\).)A F1 +(string1)108 148.8 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 160.8 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 177.6 Q F2(<)2.5 +E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 189.6 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E +F0(sorts before)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 +E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 206.4 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 218.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1 +(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 +235.2 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 247.2 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A +F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 +(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1 +(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 259.2 +R F1(ar)144 271.2 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(g2) +-.37 E F0(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 +-.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 288 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 +(When a simple command is e)108 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 247.2 Q(1.)108 264 Q 1.848(The w)144 264 R 1.848 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 +108 312 Q(1.)108 328.8 Q 1.849(The w)144 328.8 R 1.849 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 276 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 292.8 Q 1.164(The w)144 292.8 R -1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 -304.8 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 340.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 357.6 Q 1.163(The w)144 357.6 R +1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 +369.6 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 316.8 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 333.6 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 333.6 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +(are the ar)144 381.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 398.4 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 398.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 350.4 Q .717(The te)144 350.4 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 +108 415.2 Q .716(The te)144 415.2 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 362.4 R .339 +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 427.2 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 374.4 Q -.332(If no command name results, the v)108 391.2 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 439.2 Q +.332(If no command name results, the v)108 456 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 403.2 S .757 +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 468 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 415.2 -R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 427.2 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 444 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 456 Q -(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 472.8 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 480 R +(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 492 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 508.8 R +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 520.8 +Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 +(If there is a command name left after e)108 537.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 -484.8 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 496.8 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 508.8 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 525.6 Q F0 -.546(After a command has been split into w)108 537.6 R .547 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 +549.6 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 561.6 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 573.6 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 590.4 Q F0 +.547(After a command has been split into w)108 602.4 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 549.6 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 614.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 566.4 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 631.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 578.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G +108 643.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS) 2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 590.4 Q 2.5 +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 655.2 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 607.2 R .309 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 -(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 619.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.162 G -(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 -631.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 -(search of the directories in)108 643.2 R F3 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) -2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ -es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 655.2 R F2(command_not_f) -3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 667.2 Q F0 5.277(.I)C 2.777(ft)-5.277 G -.277(hat function e)-2.777 F .277(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 2.777(dw).1 G .278 -(ith the original command and the original command')-2.777 F 2.778(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.778 G(uments).18 E .776(as its ar)108 679.2 R .776 -(guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 -(xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F -.775(If that function is not)5.775 F -(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 691.2 -Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\ -e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 708 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F 2.31(named program in a separate e)108 -720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.31(cution en).15 F 4.81(vironment. Ar)-.4 F 2.31 -(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.31(n, and the) -.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(32)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 672 R .31 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 684 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 +696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 +(search of the directories in)108 708 R F3 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +.719(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) +2.97 F .719(If the)5.719 F 11.754(search is unsuccessful, the shell sea\ +rches for a de\214ned shell function named)108 720 R(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(32)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remaining ar)108 -84 Q(guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 100.8 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(command_not_f)108 84 Q(ound_handle)-.25 E F0 6.435(.I)C 3.935(ft) +-6.435 G 1.435(hat function e)-3.935 F 1.435(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.935(dw).1 G 1.434 +(ith the original command and the)-3.935 F .116(original command')108 96 +R 2.616(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.616 G .116(uments as its ar).18 F .116 +(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.616(se)-.55 G .116 +(xit status becomes the e)-2.766 F .117(xit status of the)-.15 F 2.5 +(shell. If)108 108 R(that function is not de\214ned, the shell prints a\ +n error message and returns an e)2.5 E(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(\ +If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or mor\ +e slashes, the shell e)108 124.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F +.197(named program in a separate e)108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 +(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 +(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 148.8 Q +(guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 165.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 112.8 R/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 177.6 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 -(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 -(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 124.8 R .329 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 136.8 R 1.219 +(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 +(cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 189.6 R .33 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 +(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 201.6 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 -G(nder)-3.719 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 148.8 S -(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0 -(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) -108 165.6 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ +-.15 F F1(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E/F3 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 213.6 S(IL).09 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0 +(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) +108 230.4 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.847 F 3.178(gram. 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Changes)-.4 F 3.158(made to the subshell)5.658 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(33)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .198 -(is the empty \214le)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/de)2.698 E -(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 -(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 96 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR) -72 112.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 124.8 R -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G --2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 -(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F1(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F1(name)108 136.8 Q -F0A F1(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F1 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 153.6 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. 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When)108 112.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 +129.6 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404 +(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404 +(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197 +(is the empty \214le)108 141.6 R F2(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197 +(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc) +.1 G .198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) +-2.697 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 153.6 Q/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 170.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354 +(When a program is in)108 182.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G +4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na) +.25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en) +4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353 +(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 194.4 Q F0A F2(value)A F0 +(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2(value)A F0(.).18 E +1.485(The shell pro)108 211.2 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985 +(vironment. 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The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 247.2 R +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 259.2 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 213.6 +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 271.2 R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 225.6 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 -(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) --2.801 E F3(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 -(dditions via the)-2.8 F F3(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F3(declar)108 -237.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 -254.4 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F1 .562(simple command) -3.402 F F0 .563 +.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 283.2 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 +(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 +E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 +(dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar) +108 295.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 +312 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563(simple command)3.403 +F F0 .562 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 266.4 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 324 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 278.4 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 295.2 R F3 -3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F3(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F1(all)3.64 E F0 -.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 307.2 Q +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 336 Q(vironment seen by that command.) +-.4 E .81(If the)108 352.8 R F13.31 E F0 .81 +(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 +(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81 +(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 364.8 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 324 Q F3(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) -.2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v)-3.736 -F(ariable)-.25 E F3(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 +-.4 E(When)108 381.6 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) +-3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 336 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F2(EXIT ST) -72 352.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 364.8 R .15 -(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v).15 -F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F1(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 -(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 -(tion. 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When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 441.6 Q F1(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash) -2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 458.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 470.4 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 487.2 +(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +458.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 +(Fo)108 475.2 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 +(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 487.2 R 2.549(An) +5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. 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All) -.15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 561.6 R .081 +(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F +(the)108 573.6 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F +-.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 528 Q(guments.)-.18 E -F3(Bash)108 544.8 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 556.8 -Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. 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See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 +(SIGN)72 631.2 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 643.2 Q F1(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 +(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G +.682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F F4(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .683(kill 0) +3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 655.2 Q .758 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,)5.457 F +F1(bash)108 667.2 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 +(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 -E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 626.4 Q 1.065 -(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 -(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. 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-5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ - to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 715.2 R F3(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 -(SIGHUP)108 727.2 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(34)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E +(34)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .166(If the)108 84 -R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) -2.666 E F0 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Job)B(number)3.457 E F4(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +108 578.4 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 595.2 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 607.2 +Q F5(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). 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Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 691.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 708 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F(Normally) -5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 720 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G -.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(35) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(rent job)108 715.2 Q(.)-.4 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2) +143.735 E(35)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 -.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 -96 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 112.8 R(xit)-.15 E F1 -(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 -(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 124.8 R F1 -(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 -(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -136.8 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 148.8 R .604 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .443 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 84 R +(ground:)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon) +2.944 F .444(ym for)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E +F0 2.944(,b)C(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473 +(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 96 R 3.973 +(ground. 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Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F13.709 E F0 1.209 -(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G -3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 727.2 Q .851 -(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 -(ace is also)-.1 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(36) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 +F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(36)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.2(av)108 84 S -3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35 -(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)-3.35 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .85 -(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85 -(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E(\(see) -108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G -.763(urn of)-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E -(emacs)108 108 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 124.8 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(description of the)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(command under)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 +SF(READLINE)72 100.8 Q F0 .15 +(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) +108 112.8 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 124.8 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F13.708 E F0 1.208 +(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G +3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 136.8 Q .851 +(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 148.8 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) +-3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 +.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E +(\(see)108 160.8 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E +(emacs)108 172.8 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 189.6 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 136.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 -(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 148.8 R -(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 -(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652 -(oM)-3.652 G 1.152(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke) -108 160.8 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G -2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 -E F0 3.33(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 -H .831(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 -H .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 172.8 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) --3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 213.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +108 201.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 +(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 213.6 R +(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 +(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653 +(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke) +108 225.6 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke) +3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F +F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 +-.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65 +(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 237.6 R F4 .599 +(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599 +(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599 +(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G +.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F +(the Control k)108 249.6 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4 +(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .62 +(Readline commands may be gi)108 266.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G +(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619 +(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho)108 +278.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 225.6 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 290.4 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 237.6 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 302.4 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 254.4 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 319.2 R F4 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 266.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 -F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 331.2 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 278.4 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 343.2 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 290.4 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 307.2 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ -ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 -319.2 R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 331.2 R .196(en from the v) +108 355.2 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 372 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ +tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 384 R +F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 396 R .196(en from the v) -.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.696 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 343.2 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 355.2 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) -6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 -(lines are ignored.)108 367.2 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 379.2 R -(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 396 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr)3.497 E -(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 408 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 424.8 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 453.6 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -465.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 477.6 -Q F3(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G -(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F3 -(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) -108 494.4 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F -F3 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F3(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F3 -(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F3(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F3(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 -(,).73 E F3(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F3(RETURN)108 506.4 Q F0(,)1.1 E F3 -(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F3(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G -(nd)-2.5 E F3 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 523.2 R .209(ws k)-.25 -F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +nd the k)108 408 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 420 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) +6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 +(lines are ignored.)108 432 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a) +-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737(Lines be)5.737 F +.737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736(indicate conditional) +3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 444 R(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def) +108 460.8 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 +(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr)3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 +3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987(programs that use this library may) +3.487 F(add their o)108 472.8 Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15 +(Fo)108 489.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)-2.65 E +(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 506.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E +(gument)-.18 E(or)108 518.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 530.4 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 542.4 Q F4(inputr) +2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e) +-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4(univer)2.5 E +(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo)108 559.2 R +1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F4 -.4(RU) +3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F4(ESC)3.761 E +F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 E F4 +(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108 571.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4(SPC)2.5 E F0 +(,).72 E F4(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F4 +-.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 588 R .209(ws k)-.25 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 535.2 Q F3(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 -(Readline K)87 552 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 564 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F F3(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 600 Q F4(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 +(Readline K)87 616.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 628.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F F4(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 576 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 -F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F -.263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 588 R -3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H -.853(ame, possibly with).15 F F3(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F3 -(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 -F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 600 Q .161(When using the form)108 616.8 R -F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F3(function\255name).833 E F0(or) -2.661 E F3(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F3 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 -.16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16 -(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 628.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:) --.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 652.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E -(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 664.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 676.8 Q .698(In the abo)108 693.6 R .998 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F3(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F3(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 705.6 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F3 -(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 -(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -717.6 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E -(37)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 640.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) +.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 +652.8 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15 +(ey n)-.1 H .853(ame, possibly with).15 F F4(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or) +3.353 E F4(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853 +(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 664.8 Q .16 +(When using the form)108 681.6 R F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F4 +(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F4(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F4 +-.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 693.6 R(or e) +-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 729.6 Q +(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 +E(37)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .055 -(In the second form,)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF("k)2.555 E(eyseq") --.1 E F0(:)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 -E F2(macr)2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif) -2.556 E .056(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 -E .356 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 96 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence may \ -be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F(Some) -6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 108 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385 -(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 120 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 156 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 168 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 184.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 -G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 196.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G -.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 -(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E/F3 10 -/Courier@0 SF(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 213.6 Q F1 -<5c43ad>144 225.6 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 225.6 Q F1<5c4dad>144 237.6 -Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 237.6 Q F1(\\e)144 249.6 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 249.6 Q F1(\\\\)144 261.6 Q F0(backslash)180 -261.6 Q F1(\\")144 273.6 Q F0(literal ")180 273.6 Q F1<5c08>144 285.6 Q -F0(literal \010)180 285.6 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ -equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 302.4 Q -.25(va)-.2 -G(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 314.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 314.4 Q F1(\\b) -144 326.4 Q F0(backspace)180 326.4 Q F1(\\d)144 338.4 Q F0(delete)180 -338.4 Q F1(\\f)144 350.4 Q F0(form feed)180 350.4 Q F1(\\n)144 362.4 Q -F0(ne)180 362.4 Q(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 374.4 Q F0(carriage return)180 -374.4 Q F1(\\t)144 386.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 386.4 Q F1(\\v)144 -398.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 398.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 410.4 Q F2 -(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 410.4 Q -(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 422.4 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 422.4 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 -439.2 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ -dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 451.2 R .09 -(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) -5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F --.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 463.2 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F -(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429 -(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 492 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 504 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 520.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 532.8 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 84 Q .699(In the abo)108 100.8 R .998 -.15 +(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(C\255u)3.038 E F0 +.698(is bound to the function)3.448 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)3.198 E +-.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 +.698(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 112.8 Q F2 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1 +(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 +(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 +124.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 141.6 R F2("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 +(denoting an entire k)108 153.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 165.6 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(are not recognized.)108 177.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 201.6 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 213.6 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 225.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 242.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 254.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 +(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 +(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 271.2 Q F2 +<5c43ad>144 283.2 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 283.2 Q F2<5c4dad>144 295.2 +Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 295.2 Q F2(\\e)144 307.2 Q F0 +(an escape character)180 307.2 Q F2(\\\\)144 319.2 Q F0(backslash)180 +319.2 Q F2(\\")144 331.2 Q F0(literal ")180 331.2 Q F2<5c08>144 343.2 Q +F0(literal \010)180 343.2 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ +equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 360 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 372 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 372 Q F2(\\b)144 +384 Q F0(backspace)180 384 Q F2(\\d)144 396 Q F0(delete)180 396 Q F2 +(\\f)144 408 Q F0(form feed)180 408 Q F2(\\n)144 420 Q F0(ne)180 420 Q +(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 432 Q F0(carriage return)180 432 Q F2(\\t)144 +444 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 444 Q F2(\\v)144 456 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 456 S +(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 468 Q F1(nnn)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 468 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E +(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 +480 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 480 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 +(When entering the te)108 496.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ + quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 +(Unquoted te)108 508.8 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 +F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 +520.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E +F2(Bash)108 537.6 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F +.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) +.15 F F2(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 549.6 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F22.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F2(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 561.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(Readline V)87 578.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 590.4 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 544.8 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 561.6 Q F2 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 602.4 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 619.2 Q F1 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 -578.4 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F -(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 -(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) -5.79 E .448(nized v)108 590.4 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F -.448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 -(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) --.25 F(ti)108 602.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(\), and "1" are equi).15 F --.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 -(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 -(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467(he v)-5.468 F .467 -(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 614.4 S(lues are:) -.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 631.2 Q F0 .01 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 643.2 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 655.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 667.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 679.2 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 691.2 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 703.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(38) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +636 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) +-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v) +108 648 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F +.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 660 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 +(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(On) +2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 +(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +672 S(lues are:).25 E F2(bell\255style \(audible\))108 688.8 Q F0 .011 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 700.8 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F2(none)2.51 +E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 +(rings the bell.)144 712.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 724.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(38)192.895 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(color)108 84 Q(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -.515(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing co\ -mpletions, readline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible) --3.015 F 2.935(completions using a dif)144 108 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 -F 7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 120 Q F0 -(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 132 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 144 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 -4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F -1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 -156 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the) --.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 168 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884 -(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 180 R F1 -(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 192 Q F1 +SF(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 84 Q F0 .056(If set to)144 +96 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempts to bind the cont\ +rol characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F(ernel')-.1 E 2.555 +(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G +2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1 +(color)108 120 Q(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +.515(If set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing c\ +ompletions, readline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possibl\ +e)-3.015 F 2.936(completions using a dif)144 144 R 2.936(ferent color) +-.25 F 7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F +2.935(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 156 +Q F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 168 Q +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)4.079 E +F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) +-4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 +(type. The)144 192 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 +E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E +(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 204 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E +F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 216 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 228 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 204 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 216 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 240 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 252 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C (eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr)108 -228 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in ch\ +264 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in ch\ aracters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that \ -is displayed)144 240 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 252 R 1.274 -(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) --.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 264 S(lue are repla\ +is displayed)144 276 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 288 R 1.275 +(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 300 S(lue are repla\ ced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 276 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 288 R .529 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 300 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F -.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 312 R +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 312 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 324 R .53 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) +144 336 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 +F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) +-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 348 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 324 S .237 +the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 360 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 336 Q F1(con)108 348 -Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 360 R F1(On) -3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 -(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 372 Q F1(con)108 384 +Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 396 R F1(On) +3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 +(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 372 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 384 Q F0(\).)A F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 396 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 408 R F1 +144 408 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 420 Q F0(\).)A F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 432 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 444 R F1 (On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 420 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 432 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 444 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 -(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 456 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 468 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 -1.211(When set to)144 480 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 -G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 +144 456 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 468 Q F0 .142 +(Controls whether readline be)144 480 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 +(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 492 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 504 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 +(When set to)144 516 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 +(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 492 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 504 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 1.221(When set to)144 516 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 528 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 540 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 1.222(When set to)144 552 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 528 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 -(it had been read from the k)144 540 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 +(paste into the editing b)144 564 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 +(it had been read from the k)144 576 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 552 Q F1(enable\255k)108 564 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 -(When set to)144 576 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +144 588 Q F1(enable\255k)108 600 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +(When set to)144 612 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 588 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 600 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 612 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 624 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 636 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 624 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 660 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 636 Q F0(If set to)144 648 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 672 Q F0(If set to)144 684 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 660 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 672 R F1(On) -3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 684 Q -.15 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 696 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 708 R F1(On) +3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 720 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G -(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 696 Q F0 .948 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 -(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E 1.821 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 720 R 4.321(we)-.25 G 1.821 -(ntries are sa)-4.321 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 4.321(d. If).15 F 1.821 -(set to a v)4.321 F 1.821(alue less than zero, the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(39)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(39)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(number of history entries is not limited.)144 84 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, the number of history entries is not limited.)-.1 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(horizontal\255scr)108 96 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E -F0 .448(When set to)144 108 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E -.448(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G -.449(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen \ -line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping \ -to a ne)144 120 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 132 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 -144 Q F0 .227(If set to)144 156 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadl\ -ine will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high b\ -it from the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 168 R --.05(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.) -.05 F .956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 -F(synon)144 180 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 192 -Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439 -(The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search w\ -ithout subsequently e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 -(ing the character as a command.)144 216 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 -(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.434 E F0 -(and)144 228 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.) -2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 240 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02 -(Set the current readline k)144 252 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(history\255size \(unset\))108 84 Q F0 .949 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 +(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 108 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 +(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v) +2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 120 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, the number of history entries is not limited.)-.1 E F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 132 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 144 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 +(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ + when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ + ne)144 156 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 168 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 180 +Q F0 .228(If set to)144 192 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \ +will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ +rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 204 R -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F +.957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 F +(synon)144 216 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 228 Q +(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\ +The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\ +thout subsequently e)144 240 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934 +(ing the character as a command.)144 252 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 +(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.435 E F0 +(and)144 264 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.) +2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 276 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021 +(Set the current readline k)144 288 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 -(map names is).15 F F2 2.021(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E -.069(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 264 R F0 2.568 +(map names is).15 F F2 2.02(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E +.068(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 300 R F0 2.568 (,a)C(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 276 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 312 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 288 Q(fects the def)-.25 +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 324 Q(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 300 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ +(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 336 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ ed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs ed\ -iting)144 312 R .292(mode is acti)144 324 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.292(.T).15 -G .292(he v)-5.292 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 +iting)144 348 R .293(mode is acti)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.293(.T).15 +G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 (eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 336 -Q .602(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 -(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .601 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 372 +Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 +(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 (gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ -n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 348 R -(the mode string.)144 360 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 372 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) -.1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 384 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G +n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 384 R +(the mode string.)144 396 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 408 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) +.1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 420 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G (adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 396 R +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 432 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) --.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 408 R .62 +-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) +-.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 444 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 420 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 456 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 -(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 -(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 432 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 +(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 468 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 444 R(alue,)-.25 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 480 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.552 E(to decide which k)144 456 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 468 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 480 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 492 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 504 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 516 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 492 Q F0(If set to)144 -504 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 528 Q F0(If set to)144 +540 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 516 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 528 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 552 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 564 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 540 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 576 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 552 Q F0 .192(This v)144 564 R -.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 576 R .456 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 588 Q F0 .193(This v)144 600 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 612 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 588 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 600 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 612 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 624 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 636 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 624 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 636 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 660 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 672 Q F0 +.506(If set to)144 684 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 660 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 672 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 684 R F1(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) -3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 -(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 -E(40)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 696 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) +72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(40)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will disp\ -lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 -F(order)144 108 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 120 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .698(If set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +SF(page\255completions \(On\))108 84 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 96 R F1(On) +3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F +(tions at a time.)144 108 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 120 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 +F(order)144 144 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 156 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .699(If set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 144 S +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 180 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 156 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 168 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 180 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 192 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 204 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 216 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 192 R(bell.)144 204 Q F1 -(sho)108 216 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 228 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 240 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 228 R(bell.)144 240 Q F1 +(sho)108 252 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 264 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 276 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 252 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 288 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 264 Q F1 -(sho)108 276 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.019 -(If set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 -(dd a character to the be)-3.519 F 1.018 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 300 Q F1 +(sho)108 312 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.018 +(If set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.518 E F0 3.518(,a)C 1.018 +(dd a character to the be)-3.518 F 1.018 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F -(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 300 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 312 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 324 R -F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 336 Q -2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 -F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 348 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 360 Q +(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 336 Q F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 360 R +F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 372 Q +2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 +F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 384 R +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 396 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 372 Q F0 1.198(This string\ +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 408 Q F0 1.198(This string\ is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 384 R .521(mode is acti)144 396 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 +en vi editing)144 420 R .522(mode is acti)144 432 R .822 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 -F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .822 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .522 -(inding, so the standard).15 F .87(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 -408 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G -3.369(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be) -144 420 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ +F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .821 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .521 +(inding, so the standard).15 F .869(set of meta- and control pre\214x) +144 444 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 +G 3.37(ilable. Use).25 F .87(the \\1 and \\2)3.37 F .387(escapes to be) +144 456 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 432 Q F1 -(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 444 Q F0 1.198(This string\ +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 468 Q F1 +(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 480 Q F0 1.198(This string\ is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 456 R .782(mode is acti)144 468 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 +en vi editing)144 492 R .783(mode is acti)144 504 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .783(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .783(The v)5.783 F .783(alue is e) -.25 F .783(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.283(eak)-.1 G 1.083 -.15(ey b)-3.383 H -.783(inding, so the standard).15 F .87 -(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 480 R .869 -(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369 -(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be)144 -492 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ -be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 504 Q F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 528 R F1(On) +.783(inding, so the standard).15 F .869 +(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 516 R .869 +(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.37 +(ilable. Use).25 F .87(the \\1 and \\2)3.37 F .387(escapes to be)144 528 +R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can be u\ +sed to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 540 Q F1 +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 552 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 564 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 -(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 540 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 556.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 568.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 580.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 +(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B +(when listing possible completions.)144 576 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 592.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 604.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 +(which allo)108 616.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 592.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 609.6 Q F0(The)144 609.6 Q F1($if)2.962 -E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ -he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 -(or the application using readline.)144 621.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 628.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 645.6 Q F0(The)144 645.6 Q F1($if)2.963 +E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .477 +(or the application using readline.)144 657.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 633.6 Q F1(mode)144 650.4 Q F0(The)180 -650.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 +(are required to isolate it.)144 669.6 Q F1(mode)144 686.4 Q F0(The)180 +686.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. This)180 662.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +(mode. This)180 698.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) -3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 674.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 710.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E (d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 -(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 686.4 -Q F1(term)144 703.2 Q F0(The)180 703.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 715.2 R -.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 -(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 727.2 Q F1(=)3.232 -E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ -minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(41)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 722.4 +Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(41)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(name before the \214rst)180 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.5 E F0 5 -(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sun)2.84 E F0 -(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 100.8 Q F0(The)180 -112.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(term)144 84 Q F0(The)180 84 Q F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 96 R .954 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154(sf) +-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1(wo) +3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 108 Q F1(=)3.231 E F0 +.731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the terminal\ + and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 120 +Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(sun)2.84 E F0(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2 +(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 +136.8 Q F0(The)180 148.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -124.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -136.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 148.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +160.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) +180 172.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F +.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F +.396(ci\214c program.)180 184.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 160.8 -Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 184.8 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 196.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) --.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 208.8 Q F1($endif)180 -220.8 Q($endif)108 237.6 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 237.6 +(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 196.8 +Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 220.8 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 232.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) +-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 244.8 Q F1($endif)180 +256.8 Q($endif)108 273.6 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 273.6 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1($else)108 254.4 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 254.4 Q +2.5 E F1($else)108 290.4 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 290.4 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 271.2 Q F0 -.356(This directi)144 283.2 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 307.2 Q F0 +.357(This directi)144 319.2 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 295.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 331.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 319.2 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 336 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 348 R .835 +($include)144 355.2 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 372 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 384 R .834 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 360 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E +.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 396 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 376.8 R .697 +E .698(Incremental searches be)108 412.8 R .698 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 388.8 R .112 +.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 424.8 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 400.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 436.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 412.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 +(acters present in the v)108 448.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 424.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 460.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 436.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 -(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 448.8 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) -108 465.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 477.6 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 489.6 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +F .096(mental search.)108 472.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 +(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 484.8 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) +108 501.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 +(search backw)108 513.6 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 525.6 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 501.6 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 513.6 -Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 530.4 -R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) --3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 542.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E +.54(instance, a)108 537.6 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 +549.6 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 +566.4 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 +(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E +(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 578.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 559.2 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 595.2 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 571.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 588 Q F0 1.391 -(The follo)108 600 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 607.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 624 Q F0 1.392 +(The follo)108 636 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 612 R .122 -(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 624 Q F2(point)3.41 E -F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 636 Q F0 2.5 +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 648 R .121 +(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 +(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 660 Q F2(point)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark)3.411 +E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41(db) +.15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 672 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 652.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 664.8 Q F0(Mo)144 676.8 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 688.8 Q F0(Mo)144 700.8 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(42)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 688.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 700.8 Q F0(Mo)144 712.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(42)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 --.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 -H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 132 S(rward\255w).25 E -(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 144 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E -.523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. 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E(This is an incremental search.)144 556.8 Q F1 -(non\255incr)108 568.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) -144 580.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ -sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 592.8 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 604.8 Q +(This is an incremental search.)144 544.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 556.8 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 568.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 580.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 592.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) +144 604.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 616.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 628.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 616.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 640.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 -628.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 640.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 652.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +652.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 664.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 676.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 664.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 676.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) -144 688.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ -etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 700.8 Q +(and the point.)144 688.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 +(history\255sear)108 700.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) +144 712.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ +etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 724.8 Q (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(43)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(43)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5331,69 +5335,69 @@ BP SF(yank\255nth\255ar)108 84 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622 (Insert the \214rst ar)144 96 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 108 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 108 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 120 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 120 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 132 R .282(vious command.) --.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 132 R .281(vious command.) +-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 144 Q (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 156 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 168 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 180 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 -F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 -E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 192 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 +(Insert the last ar)144 168 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 180 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 +F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 +E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 192 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 204 R(An)6.396 E -3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 216 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 -H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G -(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 +1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 204 R(An)6.396 E +3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) +.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 216 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 +H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 (through the history \(back or forw)144 228 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 240 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 252 Q F0 .622 +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 252 Q F0 .623 (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 264 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 276 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 288 Q F0 .939 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 288 Q F0 .938 (Perform history e)144 300 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 312 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 324 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 336 R 1.626 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 -(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 312 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 324 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 336 R 1.627 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 +(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 (belo)144 348 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 360 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 372 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 384 Q F1 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 360 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 372 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 384 Q F1 (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 396 Q F0 (Perform history and alias e)144 408 Q(xpansion on the current line.) -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 420 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 432 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 444 Q F0 .947 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 444 Q F0 .948 (Accept the current line for e)144 456 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F (history for editing.)144 468 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G (ument is ignored.).18 E F1 (edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 480 Q F0(In)144 @@ -5405,33 +5409,33 @@ H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 520.8 Q(or Changing T) -.25 E(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 532.8 Q F1 -(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 +(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799 (The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 544.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 -(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298 +(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 (there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 556.8 R -.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F (as the end of input and returns)144 568.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 580.8 Q F0 .441 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 580.8 Q F0 .442 (Delete the character at point.)144 592.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 604.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 +(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 604.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 616.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 628.8 R +108 616.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 628.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 640.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 652.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 664.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 +(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 640.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 652.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 664.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 676.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 688.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 688.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 700.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 -(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 712.8 S(ample.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(44)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 +(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 712.8 S(ample.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(44)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5442,56 +5446,56 @@ SF(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 84 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 (Insert a tab character)144 96 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 108 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 120 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 132 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 144 R .321 +108 132 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 144 R .321 (ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 +(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 (ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 156 -R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 +R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 168 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 180 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -192 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) --2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(transpose\255w)108 180 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 +192 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) +-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 204 Q 2.5 (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 216 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 228 +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 228 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 240 S(rd, b).1 E (ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 252 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 264 Q 1.647 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 264 Q 1.648 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 276 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 288 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 300 +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 300 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 312 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 324 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 336 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 348 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 --.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 360 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) -4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 372 R -.15(ove)3.969 G -1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 384 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 -(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 396 Q -(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -412.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 424.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 436.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 336 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 348 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 +(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) +-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 360 Q F1 +(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G +1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G +(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 +372 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 +(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 +(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 384 R .958 +(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 +(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 +F(before point with a space.)144 396 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 412.8 Q +(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 424.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 +436.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 448.8 Q F0(Kill backw) 144 460.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 472.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 484.8 @@ -5499,34 +5503,34 @@ Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 496.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -508.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 520.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 532.8 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +508.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 520.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 532.8 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 544.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 556.8 Q (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 568.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 580.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 592.8 -R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 604.8 S +(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 592.8 +R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 604.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) 108 616.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 628.8 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 640.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 652.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 664.8 R .364 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -676.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 688.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 664.8 R .365 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 +676.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 688.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w) 144 700.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 712.8 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 712.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(45)192.055 E 0 Cg +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(45)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5540,15 +5544,15 @@ Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 120 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E (gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 132 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) 144 144 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 156 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 168 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G -2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) --.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 180 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 192 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 204 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 -F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) --.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 --.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 216 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 156 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 168 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 +G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 +E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 180 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 192 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 +(Cop)144 204 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F +2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 +G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 +(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 216 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (yank \(C\255y\))108 228 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 240 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 252 Q F0 @@ -5559,36 +5563,36 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 280.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 (Add this digit to the ar)144 304.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 316.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G (ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 328.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 340.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 +E F0 .778(This is another w)144 340.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 352.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 364.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 376.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 376.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 (neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 388.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 400.8 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 400.8 R .823 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F (gument)-.18 E(count four)144 412.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) 87 429.6 Q(complete \(T)108 441.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 453.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 465.6 Q .532(xt as a v) --.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F -.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 477.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 465.6 Q .533(xt as a v) +-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F +.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 477.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 489.6 Q F1 (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 501.6 Q F0 @@ -5596,19 +5600,19 @@ E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 525.6 Q F0 .783 (Insert all completions of the te)144 537.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -549.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 561.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -573.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 +549.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 561.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 +573.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 585.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +1.194(possible completions.)144 585.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 597.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 (\(subject to the setting of)144 609.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 (positions forw)144 621.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 @@ -5624,11 +5628,11 @@ E(through the list.)144 633.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 681.6 Q F0 .234 (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 693.6 R .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 705.6 R -.15 +2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 705.6 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 (his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 717.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(46)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(46)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5657,10 +5661,10 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 108 Q F0 (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 252 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 264 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 276 Q F0 .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 276 Q F0 .58 (Attempt completion on the te)144 288 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 300 R +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 +(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 300 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F (\214nally e)144 312 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G @@ -5668,14 +5672,14 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 108 Q F0 (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 324 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 336 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 348 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 348 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 (Attempt completion on the te)144 360 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F (for possible completion matches.)144 372 Q F1(dab)108 384 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 396 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 408 Q F1 (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 420 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ @@ -5691,31 +5695,31 @@ E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 472.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 520.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 532.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 544.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 556.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 568.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +E F0(Re-e)144 532.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ +ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 544.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 556.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 +(Print the last k)144 568.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 (Miscellaneous)87 585.6 Q -.18(re)108 597.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 609.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 -(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -621.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 633.6 Q F0 3.248 +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 +(Read in the contents of the)144 609.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 +(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +621.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 633.6 Q F0 3.249 (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 645.6 R -5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 (bell\255style)144 657.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 669.6 Q (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 681.6 R F2(x) -4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 681.6 R F2(x) +4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F (uppercase character)144 693.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 705.6 Q (e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 717.6 Q (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(47)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(47)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5735,60 +5739,61 @@ F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F (Set the mark to the point.)144 180 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 192 Q F0(Sw)144 -204 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +204 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) 144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 228 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 240 S -.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +(character\255sear)108 228 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 240 S +.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) 144 252 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 264 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 276 S 1.044 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 276 S 1.043 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 288 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 300 Q F0 1.826 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 300 Q F0 1.827 (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 312 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 324 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 324 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 336 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 336 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ y characters into the editing b)144 348 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) -.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 360 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -372 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 384 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) --.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 --.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 396 Q .245 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 +372 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 384 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 +(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 396 Q .244 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 (the characters at the be)144 408 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 420 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) +-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 420 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 432 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 444 Q F0 .84 -(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F +1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 444 Q F0 .839 +(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 456 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 468 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 480 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 480 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 (xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 492 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 504 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 516 R .176 +-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 516 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 528 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 @@ -5801,26 +5806,26 @@ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 504 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) .872(the line is redra)144 576 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 588 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 600 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 612 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) -5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ex)144 588 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 600 Q F0 .626 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 612 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) +5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 624 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 636 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 648 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 660 R .304 +1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 648 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 660 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 672 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 684 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 696 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 708 Q +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 684 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 +(Print all of the readline k)144 696 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G +3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 708 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(48) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(48) +192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5830,196 +5835,196 @@ BP SF(display\255shell\255v)108 84 Q(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0 (Display v)144 96 Q(ersion information about the current instance of) -.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 112.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 -E F0 .146(When w)108 124.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar) +E F0 .147(When w)108 124.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar) -.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(compspec)108 136.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(compspec)108 136.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 148.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 165.6 R .497 -(If the command w)5.497 F .498 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 165.6 R .498 +(If the command w)5.498 F .497 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 177.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) -5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 189.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 201.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F -.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 213.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) +5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 189.6 R .822 +(for the w)108 201.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F +.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 213.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 225.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 -G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0(option to) +rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 225.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 +G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0(option to) 108 237.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ matching w)108 254.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 (ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 266.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 -E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 283.2 R -.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 295.2 R .595 -(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 +.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 295.2 R .596 +(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F (shell v)108 307.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 (is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 324 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 (option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 336 S -.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 -(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 +(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 348 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 (FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 364.8 Q -.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 -F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -376.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F +F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) +108 376.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 388.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 +.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 +(using brace e)108 388.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 400.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -412.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +412.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 424.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 441.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 453.6 R -.2 +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 +(After these matches ha)108 441.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F13.737 E +F0(and)3.737 E F13.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 453.6 R -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 465.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 -(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -477.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 465.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 +(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 +477.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 489.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C -2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 501.6 R .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) --2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 513.6 -R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 525.6 R -.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 +(the function or command is in)108 489.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C +2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) +-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 501.6 R .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) +-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 513.6 +R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 525.6 R +.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 537.6 Q(An)108 554.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +108 537.6 Q(An)108 554.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 (function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 566.4 Q F1 -(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 566.4 Q F1 +(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 578.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 595.2 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 .081 -(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) --2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 607.2 -R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ -d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -619.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +E(Ne)108 595.2 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F12.581 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na) +-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 607.2 R +.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \ +output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 +619.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 636 R 2.877 -<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 E F0 -.377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 648 R .682 -(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681(xpansion; a) --.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 -F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522(the w)108 660 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F -3.022(Al)5.522 G(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 E F0 +.376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 648 R .681 +(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681(xpansion; a) +-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 +F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523(the w)108 660 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F +3.023(Al)5.523 G(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 672 R -(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 684 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 672 R +(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 +(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 684 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 696 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 696 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -712.8 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 +712.8 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(49)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(49)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .246(If the pre) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .247(If the pre) 108 84 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747 (ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .247 -(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247 +(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246 (as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 96 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 112.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 +(If the)108 112.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 124.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 141.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 153.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 165.6 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 177.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 +(By def)108 141.6 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F +.631(of possible completions.)108 153.6 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 165.6 R +.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 177.6 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 189.6 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 189.6 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 201.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 218.4 R .632(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 218.4 R .633(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 230.4 R 2.762(to the v)108 242.4 R 2.762 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 254.4 + to directories, subject)108 230.4 R 2.761(to the v)108 242.4 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 254.4 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -271.2 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +271.2 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 (tion with a def)108 283.2 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 (ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ by returning an e)108 295.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) 5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\ -ed with the command on which completion is)108 307.2 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 319.2 R .666 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 +ed with the command on which completion is)108 307.2 R .666 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 319.2 R .665 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 331.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F -.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 343.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F +.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 343.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 360 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F +E -.15(Fo)108 360 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F (the command, the follo)108 372 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 @@ -6028,1417 +6033,1420 @@ E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 388.8 Q({)108 400.8 Q 6 (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 424.8 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 436.8 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 465.6 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.372(When the)108 477.6 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 -(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 489.6 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 -(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) -2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .43(mands to sa)108 501.6 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 -(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 -(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 +.371(When the)108 477.6 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 +(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 +(the list of commands pre)108 489.6 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 +(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) +2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 +F .429(mands to sa)108 501.6 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 +(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 +(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 513.6 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 525.6 -S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 537.6 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 537.6 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 554.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 -E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +108 554.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 566.4 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G -.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 578.4 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 +.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 578.4 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F5 (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 590.4 S +.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 590.4 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 602.4 Q 1.604 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 602.4 Q 1.605 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098 (stamps for the preceding history line.)108 614.4 R .098 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F -.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 626.4 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E +.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 626.4 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 (hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 -($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 -(copied from the history list to)108 638.4 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A -F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F1(shopt)108 -650.4 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 +($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158 +(copied from the history list to)108 638.4 R F5($HISTFILE)2.658 E F6(.)A +F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F1(shopt)108 +650.4 Q F0(under)2.582 E F5 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.197(history \214le is o)108 662.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) -.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ - unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 674.4 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +.196(history \214le is o)108 662.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If) +.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ + unwritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 +(If the)108 674.4 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 686.4 R -3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 -(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 +F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 686.4 R +3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 +(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 (character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 698.4 -R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G -1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 +R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G +1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 (truncated to contain no more than)108 710.4 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 (is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 722.4 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(50)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(50)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .298(The b)108 84 -R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) -2.798 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.549 E .299 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .299(The b)108 84 +R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) +2.799 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.549 E .298 (w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -.472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 96 R(The)5.472 E F1 -(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 +.471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 96 R(The)5.471 E F1 +(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 (manipulate the history \214le.)108 108 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 120 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 136.8 -R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 120 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 136.8 +R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F2(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F2(HISTIGNORE)108 148.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G -.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F1 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F2(HISTCONTR)3.986 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F2(HISTIGNORE)108 148.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G +.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F1 (cmdhist)108 160.8 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 (the same history entry)108 172.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 184.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 196.8 R F1(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.576 E F0 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 184.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 +(description of the)108 196.8 R F1(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F2 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 208.8 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 225.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) --.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 -(The shell supports a history e)108 237.6 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 249.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 -(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 261.6 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e) +108 237.6 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 +F .611(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F +.871(describes what syntax features are a)108 249.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G +3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F +2.013(can be disabled using the)108 261.6 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 (option to the)4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 273.6 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 290.4 R 1.305 +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 290.4 R 1.306 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 -(commands, insert the ar)108 302.4 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 + input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 +(commands, insert the ar)108 302.4 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 314.4 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 314.4 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 331.2 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 343.2 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 355.2 R 1.868(second is to select por\ -tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 367.2 R/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 379.2 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 -(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 391.2 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 -(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 403.2 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 -(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 415.2 Q -F1(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E -F1(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e) --2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 432 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -.03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 +3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 355.2 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 +(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 367.2 R/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F4(wor) +3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F4(modi\214er)108 379.2 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 +(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 +(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F +(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 391.2 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 +(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 +(one w)108 403.2 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 +(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 415.2 Q +F1(!)3.51 E F0 .177(by def)3.51 F 2.677(ault. Only)-.1 F .177 +(backslash \()2.677 F F1(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a).833 G .178 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .178 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.678(,b)-.4 G .178(ut the his-)-2.878 F .67 +(tory e)108 427.2 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if\ + it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F +(double-quoted string.)108 439.2 Q(Se)108 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 444 T 3.162 -(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662 +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 468 T 3.163 +(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662 (nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and)-.25 F F1(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F1(extglob) -3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F1(\()3.163 E F0 -(will also inhibit e)108 456 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 472.8 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1(shopt)2.61 E F0 --.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 484.8 R F1 +3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F1(\()3.162 E F0 +(will also inhibit e)108 480 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 496.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1(shopt)2.609 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 508.8 R F1 (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F1(shopt) 3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F1 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 496.8 R -5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 -(is reloaded into the)108 508.8 R F1 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 -1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) --.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 -(is being used, and the)4.016 F F1(histr)108 520.8 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 -1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 520.8 R +5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F +1.516(is reloaded into the)108 532.8 R F1 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E +F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.015 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F1(histr)108 544.8 +Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 532.8 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F13.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F1(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 544.8 -S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F12.556 -E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F1(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G -.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 556.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 556.8 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F13.661 E F0 1.161 +(option to the)3.661 F F1(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 568.8 +S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F12.555 +E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F1(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G +.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 580.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 573.6 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 597.6 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 -585.6 R F1(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 +609.6 R F1(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F1 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 597.6 Q F1 -(Ev)87 614.4 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 626.4 R -.15(ve) +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 621.6 Q F1 +(Ev)87 638.4 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 650.4 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 638.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 655.2 -Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 655.2 R 1.608 + history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) +108 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 679.2 +Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 679.2 R 1.607 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 667.2 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 691.2 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 679.2 Q F4(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 -679.2 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 691.2 Q F4(n)A F0 -(Refer to the current command minus)144 691.2 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1 -(!!)108 703.2 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 703.2 Q(vious command.)-.25 E -(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 715.2 Q F4(string) -A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ -on in the history list starting with)144 715.2 R F4(string)144 727.2 Q -F0(.).22 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(51)192.055 E 0 -Cg EP +(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 703.2 Q F4(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 +703.2 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 715.2 Q F4(n)A F0 +(Refer to the current command minus)144 715.2 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(51)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(!?)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.503(Refer\ - to the most recent command preceding the current position in the histo\ -ry list containing)144 96 R F2(string)144 108 Q F0 5(.T).22 G -(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2(string)2.84 E -F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 125 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3 -(^)5 I F0 .783(Quick substitution.)144 132 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F -.784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E -F2(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784 -(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 144 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2 +SF(!!)108 84 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 84 Q(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 96 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command pr\ +eceding the current position in the history list starting with)144 96 R +F2(string)144 108 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 120 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 +1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position i\ +n the history list containing)144 132 R F2(string)144 144 Q F0 5(.T).22 +G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2(string)2.84 +E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 161 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3 +(^)5 I F0 .784(Quick substitution.)144 168 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F +.784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E +F2(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 180 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2 (string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 156 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)144 156 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)87 172.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 184.8 S 1.314 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 192 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)144 192 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 +(Wo)87 208.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 220.8 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 196.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 +(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.53(from the w)108 232.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 208.8 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 220.8 Q -F1 2.5(0\()108 237.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 249.6 Q +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 244.8 R 1.3 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 256.8 Q +F1 2.5(0\()108 273.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 285.6 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F2(n)108.36 261.6 Q F0(The)144 261.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E -F1(^)108 273.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 273.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 285.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 285.6 -R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 +F2(n)108.36 297.6 Q F0(The)144 297.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E +F1(^)108 309.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 309.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 321.6 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 321.6 +R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064 (gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 297.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E -F1(%)108 309.6 Q F0(The w)144 309.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) --.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 321.6 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 -2.5(Ar)144 321.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C -(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 333.6 Q F0 -.316(All of the w)144 333.6 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 +.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 333.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +F1(%)108 345.6 Q F0(The w)144 345.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) +-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 357.6 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 +2.5(Ar)144 357.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C +(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 369.6 Q F0 +.315(All of the w)144 369.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 -(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 345.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 +(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 381.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 -357.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 357.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<78ad>108 369.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 369.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 +393.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 393.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<78ad>108 405.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 405.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 (lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E -(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 386.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e) +(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 422.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e) -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 403.2 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 415.2 R .183 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 -(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 427.2 Q F1(h)108 -444 Q F0(Remo)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(Modi\214ers)87 439.2 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 451.2 R .184 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 463.2 Q F1(h)108 +480 Q F0(Remo)144 480 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 456 Q F0(Remo)144 456 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +108 492 Q F0(Remo)144 492 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 468 Q F0(Remo)144 468 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +108 504 Q F0(Remo)144 504 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 480 Q F0(Remo)144 480 Q .3 -.15(ve a) --.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 492 Q -F0(Print the ne)144 492 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 504 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 504 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 516 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 516 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 516 Q F0(Remo)144 516 Q .3 -.15(ve a) +-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 528 Q +F0(Print the ne)144 528 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 540 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 540 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 552 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 552 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 -E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 528 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A -F0(Substitute)144 540 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 -(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) +E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 564 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A +F0(Substitute)144 576 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) 3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 552 R .617 +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 588 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 -F .666(be quoted in)144 564 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 +5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 +F .666(be quoted in)144 600 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 576 R(If) -5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 -(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775(fn) --2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 588 Q F2(string)2.84 +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 612 R(If) +5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 +(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn) +-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 624 Q F2(string)2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) -108 600 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 600 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) -108 612 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 624 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 -(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 636 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 -(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 648 Q F0(.)A -F1(G)108 660 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 660 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 +108 636 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 636 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) +108 648 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 648 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 660 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 +(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 672 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 +(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 684 Q F0(.)A +F1(G)108 696 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 696 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 ('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 676.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 688.8 -R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1108 700.8 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F12.534 E F0 -.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E -F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 712.8 R F14.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E -6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F1(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(logout)4.049 E F0 -(,)A F1 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 -E F0(,)A F1(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) --4.049 E F1(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F -.261(process ar)108 724.8 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) --.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E -F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26 -(guments b)-.18 F .26(ut are not)-.2 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(52)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(nt line.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(52) +192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.154 -(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 84 R 1.154 -(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 -(lid options and require).25 F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 96 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 114 Q F0([)2.5 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 126 R -.452(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F -(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an) -3.221 F 2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 -138 R(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 154.8 Q F2(\214lename) -6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 166.8 Q(ce) --.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 178.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 84 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 +.063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 96 R .062(uiltin command docume\ +nted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF108 108 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F22.533 E F0 .034 +(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F2(:)2.534 E F0 +(,)A F2(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F2(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E +F2(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F 1.549(do not treat)108 120 R F24.049 E F0(specially)4.049 E +6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F2(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F2(logout)4.049 E F0 +(,)A F2 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 +E F0(,)A F2(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F2(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) +-4.049 E F2(shift)4.048 E F0 -.2(bu)4.048 G 1.548(iltins accept and).2 F +.26(process ar)108 132 R .26(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F +F22.76 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.76 F F22.761 E F0 5.261 +(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261 +(guments b)-.18 F .261(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 +(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 144 R 1.154 +(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F23.654 E F0 1.154 +(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F2 +3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 156 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt this interpretation.).15 E F2(:)108 174 Q F0([)2.5 E/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 186 R .451 +(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) +-.15 E F3(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F +2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 198 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F2(.)110.5 214.8 Q F3(\214lename)6.666 E +F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 226.8 Q(ce)-.18 E +F3(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 238.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F3 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 -(status of the last command e)144 190.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 -(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2 +(status of the last command e)144 250.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 +(cuted from).15 F F3(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F3 (\214lename)5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F -.608(names in)144 202.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 +.608(names in)144 262.8 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F3 (\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F3 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 214.8 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 -(\214le is found in)144 226.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 -E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)144 -238.8 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F -(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F -2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 250.8 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 +-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 274.8 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.332 F F3 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 +(\214le is found in)144 286.8 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F2(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 +E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F2(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 +298.8 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(y)-.15 E F3(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F +2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F3 +(\214lename)144 310.8 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F14.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 262.8 Q F1(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) -3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F24.197 E F0 1.696(option is)4.197 F +(enabled,)144 322.8 Q F2(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an) +3.617 F 3.617(yt)-.15 G 1.117(rap on)-3.617 F F2(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 -(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 -(trap string is sa)3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 -(restored around the call to)144 274.8 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F -F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 -(cutes. If).15 F F12.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 -(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 286.8 R F1(DEB)3.935 E +(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F2(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118 +(trap string is sa)3.618 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.618(da).15 G(nd)-3.618 E .36 +(restored around the call to)144 334.8 R F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 +2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F +F2(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 +(cutes. If).15 F F22.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 +(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 346.8 R F2(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 -(completes. The)144 298.8 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 -(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 310.8 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 327.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 339.6 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E -F2(name)144 351.6 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F2(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 +(completes. The)144 358.8 R 1.262 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 +(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 370.8 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F3(\214lename)4.41 E +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 387.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F3(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 399.6 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F25.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.225 E +F3(name)144 411.6 Q F0(=)A F3(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 363.6 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F3(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 423.6 Q F3(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F3(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 375.6 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 -(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 387.6 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 399.6 Q F1(bg)108 416.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -428.4 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 440.4 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 452.4 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 464.4 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F1(bind)108 481.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 493.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 505.2 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 517.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 529.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 541.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 553.2 R F1 -.18(re) -2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 565.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 577.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F -.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 589.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 -601.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 613.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 625.2 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(tution when the alias is e)144 435.6 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(or each)-.15 F F3(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F3(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 447.6 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F3(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 459.6 Q F2(bg)108 476.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F3(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 +488.4 R F3(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F2(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F3(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 500.4 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F3(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 +(bg)5.672 E F3(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 512.4 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F3(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 524.4 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F2(bind)108 541.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 553.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2-2.5 E F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 565.2 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F3 +(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 577.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F3 +(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 589.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F3 +(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 601.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F3 -.37(re)C +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 613.2 R F2 -.18(re) +2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 625.2 R F2 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F3 +(.inputr)144 637.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F +.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 649.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 +661.2 Q F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 673.2 Q F3 -.1(ke)5.159 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E +F3 -.1(ke)180 685.2 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F3 3.192 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 637.2 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F2(vi\255insert) -4.429 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.929(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 -1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F2 -(emacs\255standar)180 649.2 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1144 661.2 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 661.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F1144 673.2 Q F0(Display)180 673.2 Q F1 -.18(re) -2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 685.2 -Q F0(List current)180 685.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1144 697.2 Q F0(Display)180 -697.2 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 -G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 709.2 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(53)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(vi\255command)180 697.2 Q F0 4.43(,a)C(nd)-4.43 E F3(vi\255insert)4.429 +E F0(.).68 E F3(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929 +(lent to).25 F F3(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F3(emacs)4.429 E F0 1.929 +(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929(lent to).25 F F3(emacs\255standar) +180 709.2 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 +E(53)192.895 E 0 Cg EP 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F0(])A .055 -(Exit from within a)144 345.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 -(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +E F1(br)108 393.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 +(Exit from within a)144 405.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 -E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 357.6 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 -(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -369.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 -(bu)108 386.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 398.4 Q .793 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.555 +E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 417.6 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 +(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +429.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)108 446.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 458.4 Q .792 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 +F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -410.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -422.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +470.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +482.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 434.4 Q(alse if)-.1 +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 494.4 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 463.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 523.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 475.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 535.2 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 487.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 -(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ +.254(subroutine call.)144 547.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 +(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) -144 511.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 523.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 535.2 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +ent e)144 559.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 +(This e)144 571.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E +3.019(0. The)144 583.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 595.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 612 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 564 R F2(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E -F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 576 R -3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035 +(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 624 R F2(dir) +2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.821 E +F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 636 R +3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035 (guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) -3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E .849 -(the search path for the directory containing)144 588 R F2(dir)3.349 E -F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.35 E -.855 -(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F2(dir)144 600 Q F0 -5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 +(the search path for the directory containing)144 648 R F2(dir)3.35 E F0 +3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.349 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F2(dir)144 660 Q F0 +5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 (irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 612 Q F3(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F 4.162 +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 672 Q F3(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 1.663(is the same as the current directory)3.913 F 4.162 (,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662(.I) -.74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 624 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F12.691 E F0 -.191(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F -.19(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 -(symbolic links while tra)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) +.74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 684 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F12.691 E F0 .191 +(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F .191 +(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 +(symbolic links while tra)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) 3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F2(..)3.62 E F0 (in)3.62 E F2(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F13.62 E F0 -.395(option to the)144 648 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 +.395(option to the)144 708 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 (iltin command\); the).2 F F12.895 E F0 .395 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 660 R F2(..) +-.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 720 R F2(..) 2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F2(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F2(..) 2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F2(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 -(ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 -E .744(the immediately pre)144 672 R .744(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 -F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 684 R F1 -3.965 E F0 1.465(option is supplied with)3.965 F F13.965 E -F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 -(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 -(determined after a successful directory change,)144 696 R F1(cd)2.968 E -F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) -5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 708 R F12.836 E F0 .336 -(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 -(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) -144 720 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F13.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 -(before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(54)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ti)-2.943 G 2.943(sp)-2.943 G .443(rocessed by remo)-2.943 F(ving)-.15 +E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(54)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .106 -(empty directory name from)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)2.606 E --.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF2.607 E F0 .107(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107 -(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F .038 -(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 96 R 2.538(ww)-.25 G -.038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F -(The return v)144 108 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .744 +(the immediately pre)144 84 R .744(vious pathname component from)-.25 F +/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744 +(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)3.244 E +F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.966 E F0 1.466 +(option is supplied with)3.966 F F23.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465 +(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465 +(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .467 +(determined after a successful directory change,)144 108 R F2(cd)2.968 E +F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems) +5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 120 R F22.837 E F0 .336 +(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .336 +(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) +144 132 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F23.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 +(before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F +.107(empty directory name from)144 144 R F3(CDP)2.607 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F F22.607 E F0 .106 +(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F +.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 156 R 2.538(ww) +-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F +(The return v)144 168 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E (as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 -124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command) -2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 136.8 Q F3 -(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F3(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 148.8 R -F1 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 196.8 Q F1(command)2.765 E F0(with) +3.335 E F1(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 +F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 208.8 R +F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F23.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F3(command)3.201 E -F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 160.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F -.399(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.202 E +F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 220.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 172.8 R F22.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F2 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F3(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F22.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 184.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 -(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F3(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F2 -144 196.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F22.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F22.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 208.8 R F3(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F3 -(command)144.2 220.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 232.8 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 -(compgen)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 261.6 R -F3(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F3(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 273.6 R F2(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +5.399 E .174(either the)144 232.8 R F22.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 +2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F22.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 244.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F2144 256.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F22.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F22.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 268.8 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 +(command)144.2 280.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 292.8 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 +(compgen)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 321.6 R +F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 333.6 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F23.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 285.6 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F2 -2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F22.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F -.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F -(mable completion f)144 297.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 345.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F +F22.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F22.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) +2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 +F(mable completion f)144 357.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 321.6 R .352 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 381.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -333.6 R(If)5.02 E F3(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 345.6 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 369.6 Q +393.6 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 405.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 429.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 -(complete)108 386.4 Q F0([)3.729 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C -F2-3.729 E F3(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.729 E -F0 3.728(][)C F2-3.728 E F3(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2 --3.728 E F3(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2-3.728 E F3(wor)3.728 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F2-3.728 E F3(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 -398.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 410.4 Q -F2A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(pr)2.5 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) -A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 -422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.633(Specify ho)144 434.4 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 -(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 -F .634(If the)5.634 F F23.134 E F0 .634 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 -446.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 -F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 458.4 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31 -(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 -(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 470.4 R(The)6.347 E -F23.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) -3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 482.4 R(`def)-.74 E +(complete)108 446.4 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C +F2-3.728 E F1(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E +F0 3.728(][)C F2-3.728 E F1(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2 +-3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2-3.729 E F1(wor)3.729 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2-3.729 E F1(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 +458.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 470.4 Q +F2A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) +A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 +482.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.634(Specify ho)144 494.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 +(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 +F .633(If the)5.634 F F23.133 E F0 .633 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 +506.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 +F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) +144 518.4 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1 +(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E +F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 530.4 R(The)6.347 E +F23.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) +3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 542.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -494.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +554.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F23.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 506.4 R -(`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 -(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 Q 1.438 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 566.4 R +(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 +(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 578.4 Q 1.437 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -542.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 578.4 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +602.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +614.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 638.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F23.056 E F0(,)A F23.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F23.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) -144 590.4 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F23.223 E F0(and)3.223 E -F23.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 602.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2144 614.4 Q -F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 626.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +(guments to the)-.18 F F23.055 E F0(,)A F23.055 E F0 3.055 +(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F23.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) +144 650.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F23.222 E F0(and)3.222 E +F23.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 662.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2144 674.4 Q +F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 686.4 Q F1(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 638.4 Q F3 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 650.4 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 662.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E -F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -674.4 Q F2(default)184 686.4 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 686.4 R 5.375 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 -(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(55)192.055 E -0 Cg EP +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 698.4 Q F1 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(55)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(dir)184 84 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name completion if th\ -e compspec generates no matches.)224 96 Q F1(\214lenames)184 108 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 120 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \214lenam\ -es, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134 -(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 132 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 -(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 144 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 156 Q F1(noquote) -184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 168 S .814 +SF(bashdefault)184 84 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 96 R +(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281 +(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 108 Q F1 +(default)184 120 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 120 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef) +-5.376 E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) +-.1 F(matches.)224 132 Q F1(dir)184 144 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ +tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 156 Q F1 +(\214lenames)184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 180 S .137(ll readline that the co\ +mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 +G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 192 R 2.634 +(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F +.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 204 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 216 Q F1(noquote) +184 228 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 228 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 180 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 192 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 192 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 204 S +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 240 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 252 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 252 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 264 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 264 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 216 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 228 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 228 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 276 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 288 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 288 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 240 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 252 -Q F1144 264 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 276 +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 300 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 312 +Q F1144 324 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 336 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -288 Q F0(Alias names.)224 288 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 300 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 312 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 324 Q(Readline)224 324 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 336 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 336 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 348 -Q F0(Command names.)224 360 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 372 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 384 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 396 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 408 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -420 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 420 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -432 Q F0(Names of e)224 432 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +348 Q F0(Alias names.)224 348 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 360 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 372 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 384 Q(Readline)224 384 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 396 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 396 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 408 +Q F0(Command names.)224 420 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 432 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 444 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 456 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 468 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +480 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 480 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +492 Q F0(Names of e)224 492 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -444 Q F0(File names.)224 444 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 456 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 468 -Q F1(gr)184 480 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 480 Q +504 Q F0(File names.)224 504 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 516 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 528 +Q F1(gr)184 540 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 540 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -492 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 504 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 516 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 528 +552 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 564 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 576 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 588 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 540 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 552 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 564 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 600 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 600 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 612 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 624 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -576 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 576 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 588 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 588 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 600 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 600 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 +636 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 636 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 648 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 648 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 660 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 660 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 612 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 612 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 624 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 624 Q F1(stopped)184 636 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 648 Q F0(User names.)224 648 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 660 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 660 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 672 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 684 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 -(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(56)192.055 E 0 -Cg EP +(shopt)184 672 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 672 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 684 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 684 Q F1(stopped)184 696 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 696 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 708 Q F0(User names.)224 708 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(56)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 96 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +SF -.1(va)184 84 S(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 84 Q 2.5 +(ariables. May)-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 108 Q +F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F +1.056(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F +(completions.)184 120 Q F1144 132 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 144 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 108 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 156 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 120 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 168 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 132 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 144 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 156 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1144 168 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 -(The pathname e)184 180 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 192 Q F1144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 216 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 180 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 192 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 204 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1144 216 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 +(The pathname e)184 228 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +-.15 F(tions.)184 240 Q F1144 252 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 264 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 228 Q F1144 240 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 240 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 276 Q F1144 288 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 288 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 252 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 264 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 -(each resultant w)184 276 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 -F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F -(resultant list which match the w)184 288 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1144 300 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 312 Q F0 .455 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 324 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 336 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 348 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 300 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 312 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007 +(each resultant w)184 324 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15 +F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F +(resultant list which match the w)184 336 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E +F1144 348 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 360 Q F0 .456 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 372 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 384 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 396 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 364.8 R .467 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 412.8 R .466 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 -(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 376.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 388.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 +(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 +(plied without a)144 424.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 436.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(compopt)108 453.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 417.6 R +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 465.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 429.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 441.6 Q F2(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 477.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 489.6 Q F2(name) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 453.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 501.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F12.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.228(the `)144 465.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.227(the `)144 513.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 477.6 R 2.177 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F14.677 E F0 2.178 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) -144 489.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 525.6 R 2.178 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F14.678 E F0 2.177 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) +144 537.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.388(The return v)144 513.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 +E 1.387(The return v)144 561.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 525.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 573.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 542.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 554.4 R 1.753 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 590.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 602.4 R 1.754 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 -(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 566.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 +(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 614.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 /Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 578.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 -(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) -3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 590.4 Q F1(declar)108 607.2 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 626.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 +(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 638.4 Q F1(declar)108 655.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 -(typeset)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(typeset)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 631.2 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 679.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) 3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 643.2 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 -(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 -3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 655.2 Q F2(name)2.775 E -F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) -2.774 F(without)144 667.2 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 679.2 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F13.681 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 -691.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.)144 -703.2 R(The)6.291 E F13.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the displa\ -y of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 -(name and attrib)144 715.2 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) -5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 -(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C -.948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -727.2 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 -F(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(57)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 691.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F13.483 E F0 .983 +(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 +3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 703.2 Q F2(name)2.774 E +F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F12.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) +2.775 F(without)144 715.2 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 727.2 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F13.682 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(57)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(implies)144 84 Q -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F1 -3.891 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .62 +(will display the attrib)144 84 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62 +(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12(ariables. The)-.25 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF3.12 E F0 .62(option will restrict the display) +3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 96 R(The)6.29 E F13.79 E F0 +1.291(option inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only the f\ +unction)3.791 F .948(name and attrib)144 108 R .948(utes are printed.) +-.2 F .948(If the)5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C +.948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 +120 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.19 E F0 1.69 +(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0 +(option)4.19 E(implies)144 132 Q F13.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 +E F13.892 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 96 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 -(is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F -1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F -(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 108 R -.794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 F -1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 120 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 -144 132 Q F0(Each)180 132 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 -(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E -(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1144 144 Q F0(Each)180 144 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see) --.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 -156 Q F0(Use function names only)180 156 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 168 Q F0 -.558(The v)180 168 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 -(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .557(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) -180 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G -(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -F1144 192 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 192 R .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer) --.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. 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T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) --.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) -180 312 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E -(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 324 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 324 R .909 +-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) +180 360 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E +(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 372 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 372 R .909 (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F -(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 336 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 348 Q F0(Mark)180 348 Q F2(name)2.5 +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-) +-.2 E 2.5(case. 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the)4.504 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 585.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 597.6 Q +F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 561.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 573.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 573.6 Q -F1144 585.6 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 585.6 R .882 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 609.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 621.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 621.6 Q +F1144 633.6 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 633.6 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -597.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 609.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 609.6 Q F1 -144 621.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 621.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 -(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 633.6 Q F1(+)144 645.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.564(Displays the)180 645.6 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 657.6 Q F1144 669.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 669.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +645.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 657.6 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 657.6 Q F1 +144 669.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 669.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 681.6 Q F1(+)144 693.6 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)180 693.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 705.6 Q F1144 717.6 Q F2 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 717.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 681.6 Q .257(The return v)144 -698.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15) -142.895 E(58)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(without options, starting with zero.)180 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(58)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(diso)108 84 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E --.4(Wi)144 96 S .122(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) -.15 E F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121 -(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 108 R F12.596 E -F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the) -2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F -.096(If the)5.096 F F12.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 120 Q F0 .586 -(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.086(df).15 G .585 -(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 132 R -.15 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .258(The return v) +144 84 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.758 E F0 +(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258 +(ond the end of the direc-).15 F(tory stack.)144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(diso)108 112.8 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 124.8 S +.121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1 +(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j) +-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 F F1(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122 +(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 136.8 R F22.596 +E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F22.596 E F0 .096 +(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F1(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 +.096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F22.596 E F0 .096 +(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F F1(jobspec) +145.74 148.8 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085(df).15 G +.585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1 +F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 160.8 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +(If no)5.462 F F1(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 144 R F1 -3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 156 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 172.8 R F2 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F1(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 184.8 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F1 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 184.8 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E +F2(echo)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 213.6 R F1(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 196.8 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 -208.8 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F13.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 220.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 -(ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -232.8 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 -F F1(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 -(these escape characters by def)144 244.8 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F13.216 E F0 .715 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.715 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 256.8 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) -144 268.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 268.8 Q F1(\\b)144 280.8 Q F0 -(backspace)180 280.8 Q F1(\\c)144 292.8 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -292.8 Q F1(\\e)144 304.8 Q(\\E)144 316.8 Q F0(an escape character)180 -316.8 Q F1(\\f)144 328.8 Q F0(form feed)180 328.8 Q F1(\\n)144 340.8 Q -F0(ne)180 340.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 352.8 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 352.8 Q F1(\\t)144 364.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -364.8 Q F1(\\v)144 376.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 376.8 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\\\)144 388.8 Q F0(backslash)180 388.8 Q F1(\\0)144 400.8 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 400.8 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 -E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 412.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 412.8 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 424.8 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 436.8 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 448.8 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 460.8 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 472.8 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 484.8 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 513.6 R +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 225.6 R(If)5.307 E F22.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F22.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 +237.6 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +6.348 E F23.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 +(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 +261.6 Q F2(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 +F F2(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 +(these escape characters by def)144 273.6 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.715 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F23.216 E F0 .716 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F2(echo)5.716 E F0 +(interprets the follo)144 285.6 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) +144 297.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 297.6 Q F2(\\b)144 309.6 Q F0 +(backspace)180 309.6 Q F2(\\c)144 321.6 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +321.6 Q F2(\\e)144 333.6 Q(\\E)144 345.6 Q F0(an escape character)180 +345.6 Q F2(\\f)144 357.6 Q F0(form feed)180 357.6 Q F2(\\n)144 369.6 Q +F0(ne)180 369.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 381.6 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 381.6 Q F2(\\t)144 393.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +393.6 Q F2(\\v)144 405.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 405.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F2 +(\\\\)144 417.6 Q F0(backslash)180 417.6 Q F2(\\0)144 429.6 Q F1(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 429.6 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2 +(\\x)144 441.6 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 441.6 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F2 +(\\u)144 453.6 Q F1(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 465.6 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F1(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 477.6 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F2 +(\\U)144 489.6 Q F1(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 501.6 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F1(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 513.6 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F2(enable)108 530.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C +F2(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 542.4 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 -(the same name as a shell b)144 525.6 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 +(the same name as a shell b)144 554.4 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 537.6 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 -(abled; otherwise,)144 549.6 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 566.4 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F23.489 E F0 .989 +(is used, each)3.489 F F1(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 +(abled; otherwise,)144 578.4 R F1(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 561.6 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 -F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F -F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 -(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 573.6 S 1.525 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F -F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 585.6 Q F1 -2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) --5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 597.6 R F1 -2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +F2(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 590.4 R .081(uiltin v) +-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) +2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F22.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 602.4 S 1.524 +(iltin command).2 F F1(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +F1(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 614.4 Q F2 +2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F22.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) +-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F1(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 626.4 R F2 +2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -609.6 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 1.917 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 621.6 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 633.6 R F12.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F -(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 645.6 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 -657.6 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 674.4 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 686.4 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +638.4 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F22.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.098 E F22.598 E F0 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 650.4 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 662.4 R F22.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F1(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 674.4 R F1(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 +686.4 Q F2 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 703.2 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 715.2 Q F1(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C +.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F +.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 727.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F2 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 710.4 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(59)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-2.995 F F1(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(59)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(exec)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 96 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 108 R .177(guments to) --.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1 -2.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 120 R .499(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 -(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .639(to be e)3.909 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138(vironment. If) --.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2 -(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the)3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 144 R 1.077 -(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If) -6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.077(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 156 Q .877 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F .577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail) -3.077 E F0 .577(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576 -(In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 168 R -(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005 -(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If) -.15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 180 -Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff) --3.036 G .536(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 -F .536(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 192 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 208.8 R .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 220.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(or only null ar) +144 84 Q(guments,)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l) +.15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1(exec)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 +2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 112.8 +Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.) +3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.) +-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176 +(the ar)144 124.8 R .176(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176 +(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 136.8 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 +E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 148.8 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 160.8 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 +1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 172.8 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 184.8 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) +-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 196.8 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 +(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 +(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 208.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 225.6 R .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 237.6 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 249.6 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 261.6 R +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 266.4 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 278.4 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.626 E F1 -2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 290.4 R(the)2.627 E F1 +2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) .15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 -(n, or if the).15 F F1144 285.6 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.547 E F0 -.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 297.6 S 1.446 +5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 +(n, or if the).15 F F1144 302.4 Q F0 .048 +(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) +-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.548 E F0 +.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 314.4 S 1.447 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 309.6 S .742(lue of the v) -.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 321.6 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 -(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 333.6 Q F1(fc)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 326.4 S .741(lue of the v) +.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 338.4 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 350.4 Q F1(fc)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 374.4 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +379.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 391.2 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +403.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 398.4 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) --.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .314 -(is used as an of)144 410.4 R .314 -(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.314 E F2(last)2.905 -E F0 .315(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F(-)-.2 E .949 -(rent command for listing \(so that)144 422.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948 +144 415.2 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .315 +(is used as an of)144 427.2 R .315 +(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.315 E F2(last)2.904 +E F0 .314(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.494 F(-)-.2 E .948 +(rent command for listing \(so that)144 439.2 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948 (fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) -144 434.4 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +144 451.2 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 (is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 458.4 +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 475.2 Q F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 470.4 R .438(If the) +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 487.2 R .438(If the) 5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 482.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +.335(the editor gi)144 499.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E +F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 494.4 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 -E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 506.4 R .95 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 518.4 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 542.4 R +F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 511.2 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E +F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 +F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 +(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 523.2 R .951 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F +-.15(exe)144 535.2 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 559.2 R F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 554.4 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F2<8c72> +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 571.2 Q F0 .347(is intepreted the same as)2.847 F F2<8c72> 2.847 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 -2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 566.4 Q F4 7.166 -(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) -3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 578.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 -602.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .346(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 +2.846(,s)C 2.846(ot)-2.846 G(hat)-2.846 E(typing)144 583.2 Q F4 7.165 +(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) +3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F +(mand.)144 595.2 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 +619.2 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 614.4 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 631.2 R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 -(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 643.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 +.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 650.4 Q +655.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 667.2 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 679.2 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 684 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 +696 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 691.2 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G -.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 703.2 Q -.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 715.2 Q -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(60)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 708 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G .616 +(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 720 Q .363 +(ground, or f)-.15 F .363(ailure if run when job control is disabled or) +-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(60)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(getopts)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optstring name)2.5 E F0([) -2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 108 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 120 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)145.74 84 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E +(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E +(as started without job control.)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)108 +100.8 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F2 +(getopts)144 112.8 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 124.8 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 136.8 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 132 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.297 E F0 3.297 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) -3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G 3.296(ft)-3.296 G -.796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 156 Q .085 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 148.8 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 +(option in the shell v)144 160.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 +3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G +3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 172.8 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) -4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 168 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 -(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 180 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 -.803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 192 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 +(or a shell script is in)144 184.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 +(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 +(into the v)144 196.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 208.8 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 204 Q -2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 228 R F1(getopts)4.543 -E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 220.8 +Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 244.8 R F2(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 256.8 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 2.393 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F2(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 -276 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 300 Q F0 1.165 -(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 -(is a colon,)3.886 F F2(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.071 -(reporting is used.)144 312 R 1.071 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 324 R -.393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable)-.25 -E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .667(If an in)144 360 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E -F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 -(and unsets)144 372 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 -(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 -(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 384 -Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 408 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 -(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F -F2(name)144 420 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F1 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 432 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) -2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 -(getopts)144 456 Q F0 .902 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 280.8 Q F0 2.392 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 +292.8 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 316.8 Q F0 1.166 +(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 +(is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 +(reporting is used.)144 328.8 R 1.071 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 +340.8 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 352.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 376.8 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 +388.8 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 400.8 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 +424.8 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.742 +(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 436.8 +Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F2 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 448.8 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 +(getopts)144 472.8 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 468 Q F1(hash)108 484.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 496.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 484.8 Q F2(hash)108 +501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lename) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A +.858(Each time)144 513.6 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 508.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 525.6 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 520.8 -R F12.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 -(of the command.)144 532.8 R(The)6.712 E F14.212 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F14.211 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 544.8 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F13.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 556.8 R F2(name) -3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F -F2(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -568.8 R F13.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 537.6 +R F22.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 +(of the command.)144 549.6 R(The)6.711 E F24.211 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F24.212 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 561.6 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F23.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 573.6 R F1(name) +3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F +F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +585.6 R F23.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F2 3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -580.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 592.8 Q F12.821 E F0 .321 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F -.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 604.8 Q F2(name)2.86 +597.6 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 609.6 Q F22.822 E F0 .322 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 621.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 -633.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 -645.6 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 657.6 Q F1 -144 669.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 669.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1144 681.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 681.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1144 693.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 693.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 710.4 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E -(61)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.25 E F2(help)108 638.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 +650.4 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F2(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 +662.4 R F1(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 674.4 Q F2 +144 686.4 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 686.4 Q F1 +(pattern)2.5 E F2144 698.4 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 698.4 Q F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F2144 710.4 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 710.4 Q F1(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 727.2 Q F1 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E +(61)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7452,13 +7460,13 @@ SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1(])A(history \255c) -.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 156 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 168 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 168 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 180 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 180 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 192 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 @@ -7471,89 +7479,90 @@ E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 228 Q F1 144 240 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 (Delete the history entry at position)180 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E -F0(.)A F1144 264 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 264 R(`ne)-.74 E(w') --.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F -.565(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 276 Q +F0(.)A F1144 264 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 264 R(`ne)-.74 E(w') +-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F +.564(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 276 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E (ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 288 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 288 R .772 + into the current history list.)180 288 R .773 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 300 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E (sion.)180 312 Q F1144 324 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 324 Q F1 144 336 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 336 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 348 Q F0 .626 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 348 Q F0 .625 (Perform history substitution on the follo)180 348 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 360 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 384 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 384 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(normal history e)180 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 384 Q F0 .362 +(Store the)180 384 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 396 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 412.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 412.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 424.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 436.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416 +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 424.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 436.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .415 (are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 448.8 R .416 -(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415 +(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .416 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ -, an in)144 460.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) -3 E(supplied as an ar)144 472.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 2.5 -(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 -E(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 -489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 -E F1(jobs \255x)108 501.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs) --.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 513.6 Q .3 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 525.6 Q F0 +, an in)144 460.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.999 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +(is)2.999 E(supplied as an ar)144 472.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E +F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 -.1 +(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 501.6 Q F2(command) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 513.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 525.6 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 525.6 Q F1 -144 537.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 537.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 549.6 Q F1 +144 537.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 537.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 549.6 Q F1 144 561.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 561.6 Q 2.5(sp) -.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 573.6 Q F0 (Display only running jobs.)180 573.6 Q F1144 585.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 585.6 Q(If)144 602.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 -E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 614.4 Q -.25 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 585.6 Q(If)144 602.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 +E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 614.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 631.2 R F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 631.2 R F1 +2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 643.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E F1(kill)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 (][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 684 R F2 -(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 -(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 696 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 708 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +(kill \255l)108 672 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 +E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 +684 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 +(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 696 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 708 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 720 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 720 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(62)192.055 E 0 Cg +.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(62)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7563,41 +7572,43 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .28 (of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 84 R .28 (guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .378 -(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.878 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 108 R -F2(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F -.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F -(occurs or an in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 -E F2(let)108 136.8 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Each)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197 -(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.196(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 160.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25 -(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 189.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F -.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 -.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 201.6 Q 3.153(yo) --.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar) -3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 -(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -213.6 Q F1(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H -.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.422 E F1(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .377 +(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.877 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 108 R +(The)5.962 E F23.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .962(lent to).25 F F23.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E +(successfully sent, or f)144 120 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 136.8 Q F1 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +148.8 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .197(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G +(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last) +144 160.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E +F2(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 +177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1 +(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 189.6 S 2.56(re).15 +G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 +F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E +F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 +201.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by) +-3.152 F F2(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local) +3.152 E F0 .653(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-) +-.25 E(able)144 213.6 Q F1(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15 +(ve a v)-.2 H .422 +(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If) +5.421 E F1(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 (of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 225.6 R F2 -(local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 237.6 R F2(set)4.062 -E F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 249.6 R 1.244 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.744 E F0 1.244 -(writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42 +(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 237.6 R F2(set)4.063 +E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 249.6 R 1.243 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 +(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 (error to use)144 261.6 R F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) @@ -7615,14 +7626,14 @@ F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .351(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 331.2 R +(])A .35(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -(arr)2.85 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.85 F F1(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 343.2 R -F23.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F -(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) --6.249 F(ha)144 355.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(arr)2.851 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F1(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 343.2 +R F23.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.248 F(ha)144 355.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 367.2 Q F0(The \214rst character of) 180 367.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 @@ -7642,33 +7653,33 @@ E F1(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F22.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2144 451.2 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 451.2 Q -F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 468 Q F22.968 E F0 .467 +F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 468 Q F22.967 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F22.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 480 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G -2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ -ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 492 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 480 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G +2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be assig\ +ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 492 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 504 Q (If not supplied with an e)144 520.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 537.6 Q F0 1.905 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 549.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 537.6 Q F0 1.906 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 549.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F2(popd)108 566.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 578.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) -.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 -(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -590.4 R F2(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 578.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 +(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G +.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 +G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 +590.4 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 602.4 Q F2144 614.4 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 614.4 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F @@ -7679,20 +7690,20 @@ F F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 650.4 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) -.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2144 662.4 Q F1(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F1(n)3.76 E F0 -1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) --.25 F F2(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 +(Remo)180 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F1(n)3.759 E +F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) +-.25 F F2(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 (zero. F)180 674.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 -691.2 R F2(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F2 -(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) -3.143 F F2(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 703.2 R .416 +E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 +691.2 R F2(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F2 +(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) +3.143 F F2(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 703.2 R .415 (alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 715.2 Q -(ails.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(63)192.055 E +(ails.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(63)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7701,22 +7712,22 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(printf)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.5 -E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 96 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 -E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F13.937 E F0 .126 +E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 96 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 +E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 (option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 108 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard)2.626 -F(output.)144 120 Q(The)144 144 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a charac\ +F(output.)144 120 Q(The)144 144 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a charac\ ter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters, whi\ -ch are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character escape \ -sequences, which are con)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +ch are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character escape \ +sequences, which are con)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 168 R .037 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 168 R .036 (xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 180 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 192 Q +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 192 Q (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 204 Q F0(causes)180 204 Q F1(printf)5.115 E F0 2.615(to e)5.115 F 2.615 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) @@ -7729,184 +7740,184 @@ E F0(,)A F1(\\")3.108 E F0 3.108(,a)C(nd)-3.108 E F1(\\?)3.108 E F0 .608 240 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar) 2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F(input.)180 252 Q F1(%\()144 264 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 -276 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 288 R F2 +276 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 288 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180 300 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F -.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 +.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .848 (current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 312 R .847 -(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 -F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 324 R -.15(ve)-.4 G -.355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G -2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 -(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 336 Q(vior) --.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 352.8 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\ -\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 364.8 +(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.347(d. If).1 F .847(no ar)3.347 +F .847(gument is speci-)-.18 F .354(\214ed, con)180 324 R -.15(ve)-.4 G +.354(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.854(sa).15 G 2.854(si)-2.854 G +2.854(f-)-2.854 G 2.854(1h)-2.854 G .354(ad been gi)-2.854 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .355(is an e)2.854 F .355 +(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.855 E F0(beha)180 336 Q(vior) +-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 352.8 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\ +\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 364.8 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 376.8 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 393.6 Q F2(format)3.423 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 376.8 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 393.6 Q F2(format)3.424 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 405.6 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 405.6 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 417.6 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) 108 434.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 446.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 -2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ -irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 458.4 R 3.14(wt) --.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 470.4 R .416 +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ +rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 458.4 R 3.139(wt) +-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 470.4 R .416 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 (and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 482.4 R 6.625 (.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 494.4 Q F1144 506.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ when rotating or adding directories to the)180 506.4 R (stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 518.4 Q F1(+)144 -530.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 530.4 R F2(n) -3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 542.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +530.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 530.4 R F2(n) +3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 542.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 554.4 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 554.4 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 566.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 578.4 Q F0(Adds)180 578.4 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) --.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 578.4 Q F0(Adds)180 578.4 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) +-.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F (if it had been supplied as the ar)180 590.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 -(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 607.2 R F1(pushd) -2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 619.2 R F2(dir) -3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) --.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 -(stack is empty)144 631.2 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 607.2 R F1(pushd) +2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 619.2 R F2(dir) +3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 +F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 +(stack is empty)144 631.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) -.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 643.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 672 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 684 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 (\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) -2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263(enabled. If) -144 696 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ +2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) +144 696 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 +F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 708 R -.25(va) -.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(64)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(64)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.18(re)108 84 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1 --3.816 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 --3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(te) -3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E -(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E -F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C -F1-3.817 E F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2 -(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 96 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is \ +SF -.18(re)108 84 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1 +-3.817 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 +-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te) +3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E +(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E +F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C +F1-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2 +(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 96 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is \ read from the standard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 108 R F2 -(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the) -144 120 Q F12.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038 -(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G -.039(he second w)-2.539 F .039(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E +(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the) +144 120 Q F12.539 E F0 .039(option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038 +(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G +.038(he second w)-2.538 F .038(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw) .15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 (ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) -.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 144 R .54(wer w)-.25 F -.541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names ar\ -e assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 156 S 3.357(lues. The).25 F .857 +.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 144 R .541(wer w)-.25 +F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ +are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 156 S 3.357(lues. The).25 F .857 (characters in)3.357 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.357 E F0 .857 (are used to split the line into w)3.107 F .857 -(ords using the same rules the shell)-.1 F .753(uses for e)144 168 R +(ords using the same rules the shell)-.1 F .754(uses for e)144 168 R .753(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F 1.053 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.253 G .753(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.253(\). The)B .753 -(backslash character \()3.253 F F1(\\)A F0 3.253(\)m)C .754(ay be)-3.253 -F .076(used to remo)144 180 R .376 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .376 -.15(ny s).15 H -.075(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .075 -(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Options,)5.075 E +(backslash character \()3.253 F F1(\\)A F0 3.253(\)m)C .753(ay be)-3.253 +F .075(used to remo)144 180 R .375 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .375 -.15(ny s).15 H +.075(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .076 +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Options,)5.076 E (if supplied, ha)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 204 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049(The w) +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 204 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) 180 216 R 1.049(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v) --.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05 -(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2(aname)180.33 228 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 +-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049 +(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F F2(aname)180.33 228 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 240 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0(The \214rst character of)180 252 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1144 264 Q F0 .373 +F1144 264 Q F0 .372 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 264 R F1 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218 +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 (to obtain the line.)180 276 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def) 5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F (viously)-.25 E(acti)180 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G (diting settings.)-2.5 E F1144 300 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If) -180 300 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) +180 300 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) -.25 F(ing be)180 312 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 324 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) --.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394 -(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 -(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of) +-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 +(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 +(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) -.1 F(input, b)180 348 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 (characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 360 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 372 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269 -(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E -(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 +(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E +(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 384 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.275 F 1.003 +G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.274 F 1.002 (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 396 R -F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)3.502 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 408 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 420 S .67 +F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 408 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 420 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 (xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 432 Q F0(option belo) 2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 444 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) -180 456 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F +180 456 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 (wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 468 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 (nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 480 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 480 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) +144 480 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 480 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) -5.543 F(the line.)180 492 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) -.25 E F1144 504 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 504 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 516 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 528 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G -(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 +144 516 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 528 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 540 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 -(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) 3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 552 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -564 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 576 R .589 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 +564 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 576 R .59 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 (artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 588 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 @@ -7916,195 +7927,195 @@ F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 612 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) .15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 624 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 624 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 -(If no)144 640.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 -(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E -F3(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .476(The e)4.976 -F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 652.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) -.18 E F0 .773 -(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 624 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 640.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E +F3(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 +F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 652.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +.18 E F0 .772 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F -.25(va)144 664.8 S 2.004 -(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004 -(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F +(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 +(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F (descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 676.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 693.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A (d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 717.6 R -1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 729.6 Q 4.902(ed. The) --.1 F F14.902 E F0 2.403(option restricts the v)4.903 F 2.403 +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 717.6 R +1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 729.6 Q 4.903(ed. The) +-.1 F F14.903 E F0 2.403(option restricts the v)4.903 F 2.403 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.903(da).15 G 2.403(rrays; the) --4.903 F F14.903 E F0 2.403(option restricts the)4.903 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(65)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-4.903 F F14.903 E F0 2.402(option restricts the)4.903 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(65)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S -1.413(riables to associati).25 F 1.712 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.912(rrays. If) +1.412(riables to associati).25 F 1.712 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.912(rrays. If) .15 F 1.412(both options are supplied,)3.912 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -3.912 E F0(tak)3.912 E 1.412(es precedence.)-.1 F 1.412(If no) -6.412 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.272 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .853 -(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .853(n, or if the).15 F F1 -3.353 E F0 .853 +3.912 E F0(tak)3.912 E 1.412(es precedence.)-.1 F 1.413(If no) +6.412 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.273 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .854 +(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .854(n, or if the).15 F F1 +3.354 E F0 .853 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.353 F -(The)5.854 E .559(other options may be used to restrict the output to a\ +(The)5.853 E .559(other options may be used to restrict the output to a\ subset of the set of readonly names.)144 108 R(The)5.559 E F1 -3.058 E F0 .2(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may\ - be reused as input.)144 120 R .201(If a v)5.201 F .201(ariable name is) --.25 F(follo)144 132 Q .134(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.634 -(,t)C .133(he v)-2.634 F .133(alue of the v)-.25 F .133 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.633 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.133(.T)C .133 +3.059 E F0 .201(option causes output to be displayed in a format that m\ +ay be reused as input.)144 120 R .2(If a v)5.2 F .2(ariable name is)-.25 +F(follo)144 132 Q .133(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.633(,t)C +.133(he v)-2.633 F .133(alue of the v)-.25 F .133(ariable is set to)-.25 +F F2(wor)2.633 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.133(.T)C .133 (he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.133 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26 (option is encountered, one of the)144 144 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26 (is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 156 Q F0 (that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 172.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 184.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 -(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 184.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F +5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 (the return status is that of the last command e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E -F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 208.8 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E +F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 208.8 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.066(before the trap handler)144 +-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.067(before the trap handler)144 220.8 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.067(is e)3.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.067(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) -3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F .39 +3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F .389 (determine the status is the last command e)144 232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke) -.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 244.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -.084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 -E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 256.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 -(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) -144 268.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 +.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 +G(d.).1 E(If)144 244.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 +(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 256.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 +(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) +144 268.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 (its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 280.8 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 (ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 292.8 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 -E .75(mand associated with the)144 304.8 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E +.749(mand associated with the)144 304.8 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 316.8 Q F1 +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 316.8 Q F1 (set)108 333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 357.6 S .835 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 357.6 S .836 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 (reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 369.6 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.911(reset. In)144 381.6 R F2(posix)2.911 E F0 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 381.6 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 .412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.531 -(locale. When)144 393.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) --.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 -(after option processing are treated as v)144 405.6 R 1.624 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 393.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 405.6 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) 144 417.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 429.6 Q -F0 1.378(Each v)184 429.6 R 1.377 +F0 1.377(Each v)184 429.6 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 441.6 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 453.6 Q F0 .131 +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 441.6 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 453.6 Q F0 .132 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 453.6 R -2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E (primary prompt.)184 465.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) -.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 477.6 Q F0 -.088(Exit immediately if a)184 477.6 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F -F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 489.6 Q -F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 477.6 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 489.6 Q +F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) -.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08 +.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 (The shell does not e)184 501.6 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F -.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 513.6 -Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 --.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) -4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 525.6 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) --.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 537.6 R -F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) --3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E --.25(va)184 549.6 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 +.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 513.6 Q +1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 525.6 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 537.6 R +F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) +-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E +-.25(va)184 549.6 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 (non-zero status because a command f)184 561.6 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 573.6 R 2.678 -(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 -(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 -(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 -(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 585.6 R .617 +F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 573.6 R 2.677 +(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 +(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 585.6 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 597.6 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 597.6 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 609.6 +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 609.6 Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 627.6 R -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F14.542 -E F0 2.043(is being)4.543 F 1.436(ignored, none of the commands e)184 -639.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.435 -(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .193 -(body will be af)184 651.6 R .193(fected by the)-.25 F F12.693 E +E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 +639.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 +(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 +(body will be af)184 651.6 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F12.694 E F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 -2.693 E F0 .194(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) +2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) -.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 663.6 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F13.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 675.6 Q F13.153 E F0 .653 -(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 --.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F +(where)184 675.6 Q F13.154 E F0 .654 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F (or the command containing the function call completes.)184 687.6 Q F1 144 699.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 699.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -144 711.6 Q F0 2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -711.6 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 -723.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(66) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +144 711.6 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +711.6 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 +723.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(66) +192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 84 R .514 +SF144 84 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 84 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F +F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F (command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 96 Q F1 -144 108 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 108 R .149 -(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F -.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 +144 108 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 108 R .148 +(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F +.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 (on systems that support it \(see)184 120 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .651 (JOB CONTR)3.151 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151 -(\). All).15 F .651(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679 -(process group.)184 132 R .678(When a background job completes, the she\ -ll prints a line containing its)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 144 S(it status.).15 -E F1144 156 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)184 156 R .652(ut do not e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 +(\). All).15 F .65(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678 +(process group.)184 132 R .679(When a background job completes, the she\ +ll prints a line containing its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 144 S(it status.).15 +E F1144 156 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)184 156 R .653(ut do not e) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 168 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 180 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The) 184 192 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E @@ -8122,14 +8133,14 @@ F0 2.5(option. This)224 276 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) (functrace)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (hashall)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (histexpand)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 360 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 372 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 372 R 3.087(,a) +(history)184 372 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 372 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF (.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 384 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -396 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 408 R 1.656 +396 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 408 R 1.657 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 420 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) .15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 432 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 456 Q F12.5 @@ -8140,27 +8151,27 @@ F1(noglob)184 504 Q F0(Same as)224 504 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) (Same as)224 528 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 540 Q F0(Same as) 224 540 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 552 Q F0(Same as)224 552 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 564 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 564 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 576 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) -224 576 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 588 R -1.136 +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 576 Q F0 1.029 +(If set, the return v)224 576 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 588 +R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) -.15 F -.15(ex)224 600 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G (his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 612 Q F0 -2.091(Change the beha)224 612 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.09(Change the beha)224 612 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 624 R F3 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F -F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E 2.307 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 636 R 4.806(wp)-.25 G -2.306(osix mode af)-4.806 F 2.306(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 +F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 636 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G +2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 648 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 660 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 672 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 684 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -684 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 696 Q F0 1.465 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 696 R 3.966(ace. This) --.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 +684 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 696 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 696 R 3.965(ace. This) +-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 708 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(67)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(67)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8168,39 +8179,39 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(xtrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 84 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 102 Q -F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 -114 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0 -3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 -(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 +114 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 +(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F (option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 126 Q F1 -144 138 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 138 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +144 138 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 138 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) --.27 E F0 1.071(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 150 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)184 162 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 174 R .379 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 +-.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 150 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)184 162 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 174 R .38 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) +-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 (user \(group\) id, and the)184 186 R F12.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 198 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 198 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 210 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G -.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 210 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F (set to the real user and group ids.)184 222 Q F1144 234 Q F0 (Exit after reading and e)184 234 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 246 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 246 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 +.15 E F1144 246 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 246 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 258 R 2.683 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 +as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 258 R 2.682 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 (able or parameter)184 270 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 @@ -8209,37 +8220,37 @@ as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 258 R 2.683 (ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 306 Q F0 .315(After e)184 306 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) -2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 +2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 318 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 (follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 330 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 342 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)184 342 R 2.578 +144 342 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 342 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 354 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 366 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 366 R F1(bash)2.713 E -F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 354 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 366 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 366 R F1(bash)2.714 E +F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F -3.054(tors. This)184 378 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F +3.053(tors. This)184 378 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) .15 F(tor)184 390 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 402 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 402 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 -(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 -F .839(mands e)184 414 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 426 Q F1 -144 438 Q F0(Enable)184 438 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 -(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 450 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 462 Q F0 .96 +144 402 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 402 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 +F .838(mands e)184 414 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 426 Q F1 +144 438 Q F0(Enable)184 438 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 450 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 462 Q F0 .959 (If set, the shell does not resolv)184 462 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 (that change the current w)184 474 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 486 R(def)2.686 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 486 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F (mands which change the current directory)184 498 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 @@ -8250,43 +8261,43 @@ E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 534 Q F0 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 546 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)184 546 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 -(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 558 Q -F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +F0 .401(If no ar)184 546 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 558 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -570 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 570 R -F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G -1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 582 R -F13.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B +570 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 570 R +F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G +1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 582 R +F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B (parameters remain unchanged.)184 594 Q .425(The options are of)144 610.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 622.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 622.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 (current set of options may be found in)144 634.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F (is encountered.)144 646.8 Q F1(shift)108 663.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 675.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G -.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 687.6 Q F1($#)2.583 -E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 675.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 687.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 699.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 711.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 -.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 711.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 723.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 August 15)142.895 E(68)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 October 2)143.735 E(68)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8295,16 +8306,16 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 -96 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 +96 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 -(listed belo)144 108 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.875 -(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375(option is used, those a) -2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F12.875 E F0 .374 -(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-) -.2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 120 R .825(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1 -3.325 E F0 .826 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F +5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 +(listed belo)144 108 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.874 +(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375(option is used, those a) +2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F12.875 E F0 .375 +(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-) +.2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 120 R .826(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1 +3.326 E F0 .825 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F .945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 132 R(The)5.945 E F1 3.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) 3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 144 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 @@ -8312,884 +8323,891 @@ SF(shopt)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 156 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 168 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 168 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 144 180 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return s\ -tatus indicates whether the)180 180 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 192 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E -F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 204 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0 +tatus indicates whether the)180 180 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 192 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E +F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 204 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0 (are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 216 Q F0 (Restricts the v)180 216 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 232.8 R F1 -3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 232.8 R F1 +3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 (set or unset, respecti)144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 256.8 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -273.6 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.045 F .696 +273.6 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 285.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 +144 285.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 (alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 297.6 Q(The list of)144 314.4 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 332.4 Q F0 .199 +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 332.4 Q F0 .2 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 332.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment to the)184 344.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 356.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 368.4 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 356.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 368.4 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F (name of a v)184 380.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 392.4 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -392.4 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 404.4 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 416.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +392.4 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 404.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 416.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F (the command proceeds.)184 428.4 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 440.4 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 452.4 R F1(bash)3.237 -E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 440.4 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 452.4 R F1(bash)3.236 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 464.4 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 476.4 -Q F0 .448(If set,)184 488.4 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 -(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 500.4 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +Q F0 .449(If set,)184 488.4 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 500.4 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 (attempted without an interv)184 512.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 524.4 Q -.1(wa) +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 524.4 Q -.1(wa) -.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 536.4 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 -548.4 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G -.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G -.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 560.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 536.4 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 +548.4 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G +.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G +.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 560.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist) 144 572.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 572.4 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 584.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 596.4 -Q F0 .42(If set,)184 608.4 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 -F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 -(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) -184 620.4 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E +Q F0 .419(If set,)184 608.4 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha) +2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 +(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the) +184 620.4 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 (using the)184 632.4 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F (s)-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 (use ASCII collation and)184 644.4 R F2(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 -(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G -(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 656.4 Q F2(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 -(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 668.4 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 680.4 R F1 -(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 -F 1.409(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 +(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G +(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 656.4 Q F2(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 +(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 668.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 680.4 R F1 +(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v) +-.2 F 1.41(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 (string comparison when using the)184 692.4 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) -2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F(vious item\).)184 704.4 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(69)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F(vious item\).)184 704.4 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(69)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(compat40)144 84 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41 -(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 -(string comparison when using the)184 108 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 -(conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) -4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 120 R F1 -(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F -(ersions)-.15 E .086 -(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 132 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) --.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 144 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 156 Q F0 1.484(If set,) -184 168 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)3.984 E F0 1.483 -(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.984 F -.15 -(ex)184 180 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G -.959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459 -(nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 +SF(compat40)144 84 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409 +(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 +(string comparison when using the)184 108 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 120 R +F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) +-.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 +132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 +(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 144 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 156 Q F0 1.483(If set,) +184 168 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)3.983 E F0 1.484 +(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 +(ex)184 180 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G +.958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 +(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 (the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 192 -R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 +R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 (posix mode through v)184 204 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) -5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 +5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 (vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 216 Q F1(compat42)144 228 Q -F0 1.797(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 +F0 1.796(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) 4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 252 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 264 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 -276 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214le\ -names and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525 -(forming completion.)184 288 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E -F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 -(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ -haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -300 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 312 R .028 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 264 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 276 R F1 +(bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 +(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F 1.236 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 288 R 1.237(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(declar)3.737 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.737(,a)C 1.237(nd mak)-3.737 F 1.237(es w) +-.1 F 1.237(ord e)-.1 F 1.237(xpansion errors)-.15 F(non-f)184 300 Q +.676(atal errors that cause the current command to f)-.1 F .676 +(ail \(the def)-.1 F .675(ault beha)-.1 F .675(vior is to mak)-.2 F(e) +-.1 E(them f)184 312 Q(atal errors that cause the shell to e)-.1 E +(xit\).)-.15 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 324 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 336 R +F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames \ +and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525(forming completion.) +184 348 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign) +-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in comple\ +ted \214lenames when these)184 360 R .029 +(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 372 R .028 (ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028 -(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 324 R 1.073 +(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 384 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 336 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 396 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -348 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 360 Q +408 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 420 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 372 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 -(If set,)184 384 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 432 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 +(If set,)184 444 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 -396 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +456 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 -408 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 420 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 -420 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +468 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 480 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 +480 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 432 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 444 Q F0(If set,)184 444 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 492 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 504 Q F0(If set,)184 504 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (includes \214lenames be)2.5 E(ginning with a `.)-.15 E 2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5 (nt)-2.5 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail) -144 456 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti)184 456 R 1.686 -.15(ve s) +144 516 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti)184 516 R 1.686 -.15(ve s) -.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 468 Q +(xe)-.15 G 1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 528 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 480 Q F0 -.717(If set, aliases are e)184 492 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 540 Q F0 +.717(If set, aliases are e)184 552 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E /F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 504 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 516 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 528 Q +(by def)184 564 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 576 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 588 Q (vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 -540 Q F0(The)220 540 Q F14.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1 +600 Q F0(The)220 600 Q F14.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1 (declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 552 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 564 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -564 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 576 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 588 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 588 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 612 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 624 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +624 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 636 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 648 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)220 648 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 600 S .488 +(exe)220 660 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 612 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 672 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 624 Q F3 -.27(BA)220 624 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 684 Q F3 -.27(BA)220 684 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 (and)3.153 E F3 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 636 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 648 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 648 R -(shells in)220 660 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 696 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 708 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 708 R +(shells in)220 720 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 672 Q -F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell function\ -s, and subshells)220 672 R(in)220 684 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw) -.1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the) -2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 696 Q F0 .4 -(If set, the e)184 696 R .4 -(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 708 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(70) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(70)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(extquote)144 84 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 96 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E -F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within)-4.973 -F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 108 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 120 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 120 R 1.425 +SF(6.)184 84 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,\ + shell functions, and subshells)220 84 R(in)220 96 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.) +2.5 E F1(extglob)144 108 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 108 R .4 +(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 120 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 132 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 144 R +F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 +E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) +-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 156 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 168 Q F0 +1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 168 R 1.425 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 132 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 144 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 156 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 180 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 192 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 204 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 (ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 -(when performing w)184 168 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(when performing w)184 216 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 -(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 180 R F3 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 228 R F3 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f) -.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)184 -192 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 204 Q F0 2.519(If set, range e) -184 216 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518 +240 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 252 Q F0 2.519(If set, range e) +184 264 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518 (et e)-.1 F 2.518(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E -(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 228 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b) +(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 276 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b) .15 G(eha)-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 (he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 -(That is, the current locale')184 240 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +(That is, the current locale')184 288 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 252 R F1(A) +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 300 R F1(A) 3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 264 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 276 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 276 R F1(**)3.019 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 312 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 324 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 324 R F1(**)3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 (xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 288 R .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 336 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -300 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 312 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 324 Q F1(histappend)144 -336 Q F0 .676 +348 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 360 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 372 Q F1(histappend)144 +384 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -348 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 360 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 372 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +396 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 408 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 420 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .575(If set, and)184 432 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 (is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 (he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 396 Q F1(histv)144 408 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 -(If set, and)184 420 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +(tory substitution.)184 444 Q F1(histv)144 456 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 432 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 480 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 444 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 492 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 456 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +(hostcomplete)144 504 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -480 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +528 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 492 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 504 Q F0(If set,) -184 516 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 540 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 552 Q F0(If set,) +184 564 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 528 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 -.33(If set, allo)184 540 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 576 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 +.33(If set, allo)184 588 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 552 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 600 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 564 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 576 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 576 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 612 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 624 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 588 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 600 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) -184 600 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 +184 636 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 648 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) +184 648 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F -(with embedded ne)184 612 Q +(with embedded ne)184 660 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 624 Q F0 .486 +(login_shell)144 672 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -636 R F3(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 648 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 660 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 -672 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 684 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F2(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 696 -Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 -(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F3 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 720 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(71)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +684 R F3(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 696 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(71)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +SF(mailwar)144 84 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 96 R +F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.1(wa)184 108 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 +(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 120 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E +F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 144 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 156 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 108 S +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 180 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 120 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -132 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 192 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +204 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +F .551(while e)184 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 156 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 168 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 180 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) +(wo)184 228 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 240 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 252 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) 3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) 3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 204 S +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 276 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -216 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -228 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 +288 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +300 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 (ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 240 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 252 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 264 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 276 +(are enabled.)184 312 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(pr)144 324 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 336 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 348 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) -144 300 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F3(PR)2.67 E +(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 360 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 372 +S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 312 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 324 Q 2.86 +184 384 R F3 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 396 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 336 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 408 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 348 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 360 R F1 +F1(shift_v)144 420 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 432 R F1 (shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 372 Q F1(sour) -144 384 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 396 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 444 Q F1(sour) +144 456 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 468 R F1(sour)3.271 E (ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 408 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 420 Q F0(If set, the)184 432 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +184 480 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 492 Q F0(If set, the)184 504 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 448.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 520.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 532.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 (cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G -F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 472.8 R F12.523 E F0 .023 +F3(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 544.8 R F12.523 E F0 .023 (option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 484.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 556.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 501.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 513.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 513.6 R .878 +E F1(test)108 573.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 585.6 Q F2 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 585.6 R .878 (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 525.6 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 597.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 -(primaries described abo)144 537.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E -F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(primaries described abo)144 609.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F3(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF (.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 549.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 621.6 Q(gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 567.6 R .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 639.6 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 579.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(dence. The)144 651.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 591.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 603.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 603.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 615.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 615.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(used when there are \214v)144 663.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 675.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 675.6 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 687.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 687.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 627.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 639.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 651.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 663.6 S -(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -675.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 692.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E -F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E -(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(72) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 699.6 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(72)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S --.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.) --.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)144 84 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(a)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S +(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F1 -.2(ex)144 108 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E +F2(o)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 120 S(ue if either).35 E +F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +(is true.)2.52 E F2(test)144 136.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E F0 -.25 +(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 154.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 166.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 178.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 190.8 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 -144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C -.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 -F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 +E 2.5(2a)144 202.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 214.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 226.8 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 -168 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 +238.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 250.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 204 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 262.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 274.8 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 216 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A -F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\ -ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) --.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 E F0(and) -3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 286.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 298.8 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 310.8 R(The)6.332 E F23.832 +E F0(and)3.832 E F23.832 E F0 1.333 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 252 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F -.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 -(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 -E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021 -(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 276 Q -.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 -(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 -F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 288 Q -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 312 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1 -(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385 -(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 324 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 336 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 348 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 -E 1.635(The e)180 360 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F -(abo)180 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 390 Q F1(test) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 406.8 Q F0 +(three ar)180 322.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 +334.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) +3.021 F(ar)180 346.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.985 +E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 358.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +370.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 382.8 R +.384(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 394.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 +406.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 418.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 430.8 R 1.635 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 +442.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 460.8 Q F2(test)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 +(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F2(times)108 477.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 406.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 -418.8 Q F1(trap)108 435.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E .702(The command)144 447.6 R F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 -(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4 -(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) -144 459.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E -F0 3.108(,e)C .608 + processes run from the shell.)144 477.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 +489.6 Q F2(trap)108 506.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command) +144 518.4 R F1(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.203(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F1(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G +(f)-5.703 E F1(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609 +(absent \(and there is a single)144 530.4 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 +(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F23.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 471.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 483.6 Q F0 .581 +.658(\(the v)144 542.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) +144.34 554.4 Q F0 .581 (is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 -(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 495.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 507.6 R F13.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F23.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 566.4 R +F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 578.4 R F23.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 519.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +(signal. The)144 590.4 R F22.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F -4.311(bers. Each)144 531.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +4.311(bers. Each)144 602.4 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81 (>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E -(names are case insensiti)144 543.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 561.6 R F4 -(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 -(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +(names are case insensiti)144 614.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 632.4 R F1 +(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 +(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.649(If a)6.649 F F4(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 573.6 Q -(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F4(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.649(If a)6.649 F F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 644.4 Q +(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F1(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.667 E F0 -(command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 585.6 Q F4 +-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.667 E F0 +(command,)3.667 E F1(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 656.4 Q F1 (select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.646 E F0 .147 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 597.6 R F2 .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 668.4 R F3 .146 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 609.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) --.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2 -(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 621.6 Q F4(ar) +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F2(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 680.4 Q F2(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)3.2 E(UG) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 +(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 692.4 Q F1(ar) 3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 633.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .521(If a)144 651.6 R F4(sigspec)3.361 E F0(is) -3.331 E F2(ERR)3.021 E F3(,)A F0 .522(the command)2.771 F F4(ar)3.352 E +.643(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F2(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 704.4 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .521(If a)144 722.4 R F1(sigspec)3.361 E F0(is) +3.331 E F3(ERR)3.021 E F4(,)A F0 .522(the command)2.771 F F1(ar)3.352 E (g)-.37 E F0 .522(is e)3.242 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .522(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.022(raap).15 G .522(ipeline \(which may consist of a) --3.022 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command re\ -turns a non\255zero e)144 663.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F -.451(the follo)144 675.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2 -(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 -(cuted if the f).15 F .452(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 -(mand list immediately follo)144 687.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.897 E F0 .387 -(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 699.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 -(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 -3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 711.6 R -1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) --3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 723.6 Q -(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(73) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-3.022 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(73)192.895 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.095 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .185(single simpl\ +e command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 +84 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 96 R .451 +(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ERR)2.951 E F0 +.451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 +(mand list immediately follo)144 108 R .388(wing a)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F2(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke) +2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)2.897 E F0 .387(statement, part)4.847 F .777 +(of a command e)144 120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&) +3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F0 .778(list e)3.278 F .778 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)3.278 +E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F0 3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28 +(command in a pipeline b)144 132 R 1.28(ut the last, or if the command') +-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F2(!)3.78 E F0(.)A +(These are the same conditions obe)144 144 Q(yed by the)-.15 E F2(err) +2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -84 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 96 R .662 +162 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 174 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 108 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 -E(y)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.5 E F0 -(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(]) -A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S -.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1 -(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 186 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 +E(y)-.15 E F3(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 +202.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 214.8 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F3(name) +3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F2144 148.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 160.8 Q F0 .086 +F2144 226.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F3(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F3 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F3(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F3 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F3 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F3(name)144.36 238.8 Q F0 .086 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F3 (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 172.8 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 250.8 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F F22.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 184.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 262.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F3(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 196.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F23.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 -(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 208.8 R F1(name)2.612 -E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 -(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1 -(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 -(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F22.613 E F0(and)144 220.8 Q F2 -3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 -(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) -5.23 F F2144 232.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F2(type) -4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G -(his)-6.749 E .744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the) -144 244.8 R F23.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F -.743(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223 -(commands is not consulted when using)144 256.8 R F23.723 E F0 -6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F23.723 E F0 1.223 -(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)144 -268.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5.326 E -F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325(guments are found, f) --.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325(re not)-2.825 F -(found.)144 280.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -309.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 +144 274.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F23.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F1 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .112(search for each)144 286.8 R F3(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 +(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F4 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 +-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) +.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F22.613 E +F0(and)144 298.8 Q F23.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F +.73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) +-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73 +(If the)5.23 F F2144 310.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F2 +(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F3(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T) +.18 G(his)-6.749 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 322.8 R F2 +3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743 +(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 334.8 R F23.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F23.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) +144 346.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type) +5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 358.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 375.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F3(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 +387.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 (he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 321.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +.944(that allo)144 399.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F (The)5.944 E F23.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F23.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 333.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 411.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 345.6 R .426 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 423.6 R .426 (alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F22.925 E F0(nor)2.925 E F22.925 E F0 .425 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -357.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +435.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F3(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 369.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 +.742(of the special v)144 447.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 459.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F3(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 393.6 R F22.999 E F0 +F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 471.6 R F22.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 405.6 Q 2.5 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 483.6 Q 2.5 (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 -144 417.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 417.6 Q F2 -144 429.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 429.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F2144 441.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 441.6 Q F2144 453.6 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 453.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2144 465.6 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 465.6 Q F2144 -477.6 Q F0 +144 495.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 495.6 Q F2 +144 507.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 507.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F2144 519.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 519.6 Q F2144 531.6 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 531.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2144 543.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 543.6 Q F2144 +555.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -477.6 Q F2144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -489.6 Q F2144 501.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 501.6 Q F2 -144 513.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 513.6 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F2144 525.6 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 525.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2144 537.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ +555.6 Q F2144 567.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +567.6 Q F2144 579.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 579.6 Q F2 +144 591.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 591.6 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F2144 603.6 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 603.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2144 615.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 537.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 549.6 Q F2144 561.6 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 561.6 Q F2 -144 573.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 573.6 Q F2 -144 585.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 585.6 -Q F2144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 597.6 Q F2144 -609.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 609.6 Q F2 -144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 621.6 Q -.25 -(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F2144 633.6 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 633.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +180 615.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 627.6 Q F2144 639.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 639.6 Q F2 +144 651.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 651.6 Q F2 +144 663.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 663.6 +Q F2144 675.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 675.6 Q F2144 +687.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 687.6 Q F2 +144 699.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 699.6 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F2144 711.6 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 711.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 (ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -645.6 Q F2144 657.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 -657.6 Q F2144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 -669.6 Q F2144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 681.6 Q -(If)144 698.4 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.468(n, and the).15 F F22.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 -F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 -(no option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F2 -2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F2 -2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 -722.4 R F24.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F24.089 E F0(,)A F2 -4.089 E F0(,)A F24.089 E F0(,)A F24.089 E F0(,)A F2 -4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F24.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C -1.589(hich are)-4.089 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E -(74)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +723.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(74)192.895 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.439(unscaled v) -144 84 R 1.439(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.438 -(hich are in 512-byte increments.)-3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404 -(return status is 0 unless an in)144 96 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404 -(lid option or ar).25 F .404 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 84 Q F1 +144 96 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 96 Q F1144 +108 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 108 Q(If)144 124.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 +(no option is gi)144 136.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 +2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 +148.8 R F14.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 +4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 +4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C +1.589(hich are)-4.089 F 1.439(unscaled v)144 160.8 R 1.439 +(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F13.939 E F0(and)3.939 E +F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.438(hich are in 512-byte increments.) +-3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 172.8 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -108 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 136.8 -R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +184.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 213.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 148.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -160.8 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +pted by)144 225.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +237.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 172.8 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 249.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 184.8 Q F0 .552 +(mode)144.38 261.6 Q F0 .552 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 196.8 Q +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 273.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 213.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 225.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 290.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 302.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 254.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 331.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 266.4 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 343.2 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 (If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 278.4 Q F0 1.55 +-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 355.2 Q F0 1.55 (refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 290.4 R F1 +4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 367.2 R F1 4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 +F(remo)144 379.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. 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b)108 530.4 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 +-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 585.6 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F3 -.11(BU)72 +602.4 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568 +(If you \214nd a b)108 614.4 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F2(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 (you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F 3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 -F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 542.4 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 -F F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 +F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 626.4 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 +F F2(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 (ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 -(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 554.4 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 -E F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 571.2 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 +(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 638.4 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 +E F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 655.2 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 (etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) -.15 F F4(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 -(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 583.2 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) +(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 667.2 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) -.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 (Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F -(be mailed to)108 595.2 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 -(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F1(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) --.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 612 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)108 -628.8 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 640.8 Q -(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 652.8 Q -2.5(Ad)108 664.8 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E -2.5(As)108 676.8 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F4(bashb)108.27 693.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 -(inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) -2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -710.4 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 -E F4 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) -.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(76)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +(be mailed to)108 679.2 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F2(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) +-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 696 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 E(76)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 84 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 96 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 -(There are some subtle dif)108 112.8 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869 -(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 -(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 124.8 Q F0 -(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 141.6 Q -(Shell b)108 158.4 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The v)108 84 Q +(ersion number of)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw) +108 96 Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 +108 Q 2.5(Ad)108 120 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour) +-.2 E 2.5(As)108 132 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27 +148.8 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) +2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 +165.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) +.25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 182.4 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 +194.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 +(There are some subtle dif)108 211.2 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F1 +(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F +F1(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 223.2 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E +(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 240 Q(Shell b)108 256.8 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 175.2 R .39 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 187.2 R .389 +re not handled gracefully when)108 273.6 R .39 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 285.6 R .389 (When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 -(mand in the sequence.)108 199.2 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ +(mand in the sequence.)108 297.6 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) --.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 211.2 Q(Array v)108 -228 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 -E(77)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 309.6 Q(Array v)108 +326.4 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 343.2 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 October 2)143.735 +E(77)192.895 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index e78a8c6c..78473290 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -98,10 +98,10 @@ @xrdef{Command Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.4} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-title}{Arithmetic Expansion} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.5} -@xrdef{Process Substitution-title}{Process Substitution} -@xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6} @xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{29} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{29} +@xrdef{Process Substitution-title}{Process Substitution} +@xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6} @xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting} @xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion} @@ -169,69 +169,69 @@ @xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.1} @xrdef{Bash Variables-title}{Bash Variables} @xrdef{Bash Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.2} -@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{69} -@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{69} -@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{69} +@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{70} +@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{70} +@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{70} @xrdef{Bash Features-title}{Bash Features} @xrdef{Bash Features-snt}{Chapter@tie 6} @xrdef{Invoking Bash-title}{Invoking Bash} @xrdef{Invoking Bash-snt}{Section@tie 6.1} -@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{80} -@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{80} +@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{81} +@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{81} @xrdef{Bash Startup Files-title}{Bash Startup Files} @xrdef{Bash Startup Files-snt}{Section@tie 6.2} -@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{82} +@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{83} @xrdef{Interactive Shells-title}{Interactive Shells} @xrdef{Interactive Shells-snt}{Section@tie 6.3} @xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-title}{What is an Interactive Shell?} @xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.1} -@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{83} +@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{84} @xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-title}{Is this Shell Interactive?} @xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.2} @xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-title}{Interactive Shell Behavior} @xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.3} -@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{84} -@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{84} -@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{84} +@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{85} +@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{85} +@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{85} @xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-title}{Bash Conditional Expressions} @xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-snt}{Section@tie 6.4} -@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{85} +@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{86} @xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-title}{Shell Arithmetic} @xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-snt}{Section@tie 6.5} -@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{87} +@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{88} @xrdef{Aliases-title}{Aliases} @xrdef{Aliases-snt}{Section@tie 6.6} -@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{88} +@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{89} @xrdef{Arrays-title}{Arrays} @xrdef{Arrays-snt}{Section@tie 6.7} -@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{89} +@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{90} @xrdef{The Directory Stack-title}{The Directory Stack} @xrdef{The Directory Stack-snt}{Section@tie 6.8} -@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{90} +@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{91} @xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-title}{Directory Stack Builtins} @xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 6.8.1} -@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{91} +@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{92} @xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-title}{Controlling the Prompt} @xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-snt}{Section@tie 6.9} -@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-pg}{92} +@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-pg}{93} @xrdef{The Restricted Shell-title}{The Restricted Shell} @xrdef{The Restricted Shell-snt}{Section@tie 6.10} -@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{93} +@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{94} @xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-title}{Bash POSIX Mode} @xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-snt}{Section@tie 6.11} -@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{94} +@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{95} @xrdef{Job Control-title}{Job Control} @xrdef{Job Control-snt}{Chapter@tie 7} @xrdef{Job Control Basics-title}{Job Control Basics} @xrdef{Job Control Basics-snt}{Section@tie 7.1} -@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{98} -@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{98} +@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{99} +@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{99} @xrdef{Job Control Builtins-title}{Job Control Builtins} @xrdef{Job Control Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 7.2} -@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{99} +@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{100} @xrdef{Job Control Variables-title}{Job Control Variables} @xrdef{Job Control Variables-snt}{Section@tie 7.3} -@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{101} +@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{102} @xrdef{Command Line Editing-title}{Command Line Editing} @xrdef{Command Line Editing-snt}{Chapter@tie 8} @xrdef{Introduction and Notation-title}{Introduction to Line Editing} @@ -240,145 +240,145 @@ @xrdef{Readline Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 8.2} @xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-title}{Readline Bare Essentials} @xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.1} -@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{102} -@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{102} -@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{102} +@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{103} +@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{103} +@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{103} @xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-title}{Readline Movement Commands} @xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.2} @xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-title}{Readline Killing Commands} @xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.3} -@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{103} -@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{103} +@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{104} +@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{104} @xrdef{Readline Arguments-title}{Readline Arguments} @xrdef{Readline Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.4} @xrdef{Searching-title}{Searching for Commands in the History} @xrdef{Searching-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.5} -@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{104} -@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{104} -@xrdef{Searching-pg}{104} +@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{105} +@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{105} +@xrdef{Searching-pg}{105} @xrdef{Readline Init File-title}{Readline Init File} @xrdef{Readline Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3} @xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-title}{Readline Init File Syntax} @xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.1} -@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{105} -@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{105} +@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{106} +@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{106} @xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs} @xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.2} -@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{113} +@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{114} @xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File} @xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.3} -@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{114} +@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{115} @xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands} @xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4} @xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving} @xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.1} @xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History} @xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.2} -@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{117} -@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{117} -@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{118} +@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{118} +@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{118} +@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{119} @xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text} @xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.3} -@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{119} +@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{120} @xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking} @xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.4} -@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{120} +@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{121} @xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments} @xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.5} @xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You} @xrdef{Commands For Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.6} -@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{122} -@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{122} +@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{123} +@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{123} @xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros} @xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.7} @xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands} @xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.8} -@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{124} -@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{124} +@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{125} +@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{125} @xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode} @xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 8.5} @xrdef{Programmable Completion-title}{Programmable Completion} @xrdef{Programmable Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.6} -@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{126} -@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{127} +@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{127} +@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{128} @xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-title}{Programmable Completion Builtins} @xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 8.7} -@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{129} +@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{130} @xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-title}{A Programmable Completion Example} @xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-snt}{Section@tie 8.8} -@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{132} +@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{133} @xrdef{Using History Interactively-title}{Using History Interactively} @xrdef{Using History Interactively-snt}{Chapter@tie 9} @xrdef{Bash History Facilities-title}{Bash History Facilities} @xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1} @xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins} @xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2} -@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{135} -@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{135} -@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{135} +@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{136} +@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{136} +@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{136} @xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion} @xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3} @xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators} @xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1} -@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{137} -@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{137} +@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{138} @xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators} @xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2} -@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{138} +@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{139} +@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{139} @xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers} @xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3} -@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{139} +@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{140} @xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash} @xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10} @xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation} @xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1} @xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options} @xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2} -@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{140} -@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{140} +@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{141} +@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{141} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3} @xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names} @xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4} @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type} @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5} -@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{141} -@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{141} -@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{141} -@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{141} +@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{142} +@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{142} +@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{142} +@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{142} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6} @xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls} @xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7} @xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features} @xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8} -@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{142} -@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{142} -@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{142} +@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{143} +@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{143} +@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{143} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}} -@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{147} +@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{148} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}} -@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{148} +@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{149} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}} -@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{154} +@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{155} @xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes} @xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}} @xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands} @xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1} -@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{162} -@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{162} +@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{163} +@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{163} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2} @xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index} @xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3} -@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{163} -@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{163} +@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{164} +@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{164} @xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index} @xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4} -@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{165} +@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{166} @xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index} @xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5} -@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{167} +@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{168} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index 7e89957f..0fb557df 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -42,18 +42,18 @@ \entry{unalias}{58}{\code {unalias}} \entry{set}{59}{\code {set}} \entry{shopt}{63}{\code {shopt}} -\entry{dirs}{91}{\code {dirs}} -\entry{popd}{91}{\code {popd}} -\entry{pushd}{91}{\code {pushd}} -\entry{bg}{99}{\code {bg}} -\entry{fg}{99}{\code {fg}} -\entry{jobs}{99}{\code {jobs}} -\entry{kill}{100}{\code {kill}} -\entry{wait}{100}{\code {wait}} -\entry{disown}{100}{\code {disown}} -\entry{suspend}{100}{\code {suspend}} -\entry{compgen}{129}{\code {compgen}} -\entry{complete}{129}{\code {complete}} -\entry{compopt}{132}{\code {compopt}} -\entry{fc}{135}{\code {fc}} -\entry{history}{136}{\code {history}} +\entry{dirs}{92}{\code {dirs}} +\entry{popd}{92}{\code {popd}} +\entry{pushd}{92}{\code {pushd}} +\entry{bg}{100}{\code {bg}} +\entry{fg}{100}{\code {fg}} +\entry{jobs}{100}{\code {jobs}} +\entry{kill}{101}{\code {kill}} +\entry{wait}{101}{\code {wait}} +\entry{disown}{101}{\code {disown}} +\entry{suspend}{101}{\code {suspend}} +\entry{compgen}{130}{\code {compgen}} +\entry{complete}{130}{\code {complete}} +\entry{compopt}{133}{\code {compopt}} +\entry{fc}{136}{\code {fc}} +\entry{history}{137}{\code {history}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index e65ffa93..249b1fe8 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ \initial {A} \entry {\code {alias}}{48} \initial {B} -\entry {\code {bg}}{99} +\entry {\code {bg}}{100} \entry {\code {bind}}{48} \entry {\code {break}}{42} \entry {\code {builtin}}{49} @@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ \entry {\code {caller}}{50} \entry {\code {cd}}{42} \entry {\code {command}}{50} -\entry {\code {compgen}}{129} -\entry {\code {complete}}{129} -\entry {\code {compopt}}{132} +\entry {\code {compgen}}{130} +\entry {\code {complete}}{130} +\entry {\code {compopt}}{133} \entry {\code {continue}}{42} \initial {D} \entry {\code {declare}}{50} -\entry {\code {dirs}}{91} -\entry {\code {disown}}{100} +\entry {\code {dirs}}{92} +\entry {\code {disown}}{101} \initial {E} \entry {\code {echo}}{52} \entry {\code {enable}}{52} @@ -31,18 +31,18 @@ \entry {\code {exit}}{43} \entry {\code {export}}{43} \initial {F} -\entry {\code {fc}}{135} -\entry {\code {fg}}{99} +\entry {\code {fc}}{136} +\entry {\code {fg}}{100} \initial {G} \entry {\code {getopts}}{43} \initial {H} \entry {\code {hash}}{44} \entry {\code {help}}{53} -\entry {\code {history}}{136} +\entry {\code {history}}{137} \initial {J} -\entry {\code {jobs}}{99} +\entry {\code {jobs}}{100} \initial {K} -\entry {\code {kill}}{100} +\entry {\code {kill}}{101} \initial {L} \entry {\code {let}}{53} \entry {\code {local}}{53} @@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ \initial {M} \entry {\code {mapfile}}{54} \initial {P} -\entry {\code {popd}}{91} +\entry {\code {popd}}{92} \entry {\code {printf}}{54} -\entry {\code {pushd}}{91} +\entry {\code {pushd}}{92} \entry {\code {pwd}}{44} \initial {R} \entry {\code {read}}{55} @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ \entry {\code {shift}}{45} \entry {\code {shopt}}{63} \entry {\code {source}}{57} -\entry {\code {suspend}}{100} +\entry {\code {suspend}}{101} \initial {T} \entry {\code {test}}{45} \entry {\code {times}}{47} @@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ \entry {\code {unalias}}{58} \entry {\code {unset}}{48} \initial {W} -\entry {\code {wait}}{100} +\entry {\code {wait}}{101} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp index da334ebf..d2c2b3e5 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cp +++ b/doc/bashref.cp @@ -72,47 +72,47 @@ \entry{signal handling}{39}{signal handling} \entry{shell script}{40}{shell script} \entry{special builtin}{68}{special builtin} -\entry{login shell}{82}{login shell} -\entry{interactive shell}{82}{interactive shell} -\entry{startup files}{82}{startup files} +\entry{login shell}{83}{login shell} \entry{interactive shell}{83}{interactive shell} -\entry{shell, interactive}{83}{shell, interactive} -\entry{expressions, conditional}{85}{expressions, conditional} -\entry{arithmetic, shell}{87}{arithmetic, shell} -\entry{shell arithmetic}{87}{shell arithmetic} -\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{87}{expressions, arithmetic} -\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{87}{evaluation, arithmetic} -\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{87}{arithmetic evaluation} -\entry{alias expansion}{88}{alias expansion} -\entry{arrays}{89}{arrays} -\entry{directory stack}{90}{directory stack} -\entry{prompting}{92}{prompting} -\entry{restricted shell}{93}{restricted shell} -\entry{POSIX Mode}{94}{POSIX Mode} -\entry{job control}{98}{job control} -\entry{foreground}{98}{foreground} -\entry{background}{98}{background} -\entry{suspending jobs}{98}{suspending jobs} -\entry{Readline, how to use}{101}{Readline, how to use} -\entry{interaction, readline}{102}{interaction, readline} -\entry{notation, readline}{103}{notation, readline} -\entry{command editing}{103}{command editing} -\entry{editing command lines}{103}{editing command lines} -\entry{killing text}{104}{killing text} -\entry{yanking text}{104}{yanking text} -\entry{kill ring}{104}{kill ring} -\entry{initialization file, readline}{105}{initialization file, readline} -\entry{variables, readline}{106}{variables, readline} -\entry{programmable completion}{127}{programmable completion} -\entry{completion builtins}{129}{completion builtins} -\entry{History, how to use}{134}{History, how to use} -\entry{command history}{135}{command history} -\entry{history list}{135}{history list} -\entry{history builtins}{135}{history builtins} -\entry{history expansion}{137}{history expansion} -\entry{event designators}{137}{event designators} -\entry{history events}{137}{history events} -\entry{installation}{140}{installation} -\entry{configuration}{140}{configuration} -\entry{Bash installation}{140}{Bash installation} -\entry{Bash configuration}{140}{Bash configuration} +\entry{startup files}{83}{startup files} +\entry{interactive shell}{84}{interactive shell} +\entry{shell, interactive}{84}{shell, interactive} +\entry{expressions, conditional}{86}{expressions, conditional} +\entry{arithmetic, shell}{88}{arithmetic, shell} +\entry{shell arithmetic}{88}{shell arithmetic} +\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{88}{expressions, arithmetic} +\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{88}{evaluation, arithmetic} +\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{88}{arithmetic evaluation} +\entry{alias expansion}{89}{alias expansion} +\entry{arrays}{90}{arrays} +\entry{directory stack}{91}{directory stack} +\entry{prompting}{93}{prompting} +\entry{restricted shell}{94}{restricted shell} +\entry{POSIX Mode}{95}{POSIX Mode} +\entry{job control}{99}{job control} +\entry{foreground}{99}{foreground} +\entry{background}{99}{background} +\entry{suspending jobs}{99}{suspending jobs} +\entry{Readline, how to use}{102}{Readline, how to use} +\entry{interaction, readline}{103}{interaction, readline} +\entry{notation, readline}{104}{notation, readline} +\entry{command editing}{104}{command editing} +\entry{editing command lines}{104}{editing command lines} +\entry{killing text}{105}{killing text} +\entry{yanking text}{105}{yanking text} +\entry{kill ring}{105}{kill ring} +\entry{initialization file, readline}{106}{initialization file, readline} +\entry{variables, readline}{107}{variables, readline} +\entry{programmable completion}{128}{programmable completion} +\entry{completion builtins}{130}{completion builtins} +\entry{History, how to use}{135}{History, how to use} +\entry{command history}{136}{command history} +\entry{history list}{136}{history list} +\entry{history builtins}{136}{history builtins} +\entry{history expansion}{138}{history expansion} +\entry{event designators}{139}{event designators} +\entry{history events}{139}{history events} +\entry{installation}{141}{installation} +\entry{configuration}{141}{configuration} +\entry{Bash installation}{141}{Bash installation} +\entry{Bash configuration}{141}{Bash configuration} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps index 3532fec6..5c493368 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cps +++ b/doc/bashref.cps @@ -1,21 +1,21 @@ \initial {A} -\entry {alias expansion}{88} -\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{87} +\entry {alias expansion}{89} +\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{88} \entry {arithmetic expansion}{29} -\entry {arithmetic, shell}{87} -\entry {arrays}{89} +\entry {arithmetic, shell}{88} +\entry {arrays}{90} \initial {B} -\entry {background}{98} -\entry {Bash configuration}{140} -\entry {Bash installation}{140} +\entry {background}{99} +\entry {Bash configuration}{141} +\entry {Bash installation}{141} \entry {Bourne shell}{5} \entry {brace expansion}{21} \entry {builtin}{3} \initial {C} -\entry {command editing}{103} +\entry {command editing}{104} \entry {command execution}{37} \entry {command expansion}{36} -\entry {command history}{135} +\entry {command history}{136} \entry {command search}{37} \entry {command substitution}{29} \entry {command timing}{8} @@ -28,17 +28,17 @@ \entry {commands, shell}{8} \entry {commands, simple}{8} \entry {comments, shell}{7} -\entry {completion builtins}{129} -\entry {configuration}{140} +\entry {completion builtins}{130} +\entry {configuration}{141} \entry {control operator}{3} \entry {coprocess}{15} \initial {D} -\entry {directory stack}{90} +\entry {directory stack}{91} \initial {E} -\entry {editing command lines}{103} +\entry {editing command lines}{104} \entry {environment}{38} -\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{87} -\entry {event designators}{137} +\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{88} +\entry {event designators}{139} \entry {execution environment}{37} \entry {exit status}{3, 39} \entry {expansion}{21} @@ -48,43 +48,43 @@ \entry {expansion, parameter}{23} \entry {expansion, pathname}{30} \entry {expansion, tilde}{22} -\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{87} -\entry {expressions, conditional}{85} +\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{88} +\entry {expressions, conditional}{86} \initial {F} \entry {field}{3} \entry {filename}{3} \entry {filename expansion}{30} -\entry {foreground}{98} +\entry {foreground}{99} \entry {functions, shell}{17} \initial {H} -\entry {history builtins}{135} -\entry {history events}{137} -\entry {history expansion}{137} -\entry {history list}{135} -\entry {History, how to use}{134} +\entry {history builtins}{136} +\entry {history events}{139} +\entry {history expansion}{138} +\entry {history list}{136} +\entry {History, how to use}{135} \initial {I} \entry {identifier}{3} -\entry {initialization file, readline}{105} -\entry {installation}{140} -\entry {interaction, readline}{102} -\entry {interactive shell}{82, 83} +\entry {initialization file, readline}{106} +\entry {installation}{141} +\entry {interaction, readline}{103} +\entry {interactive shell}{83, 84} \entry {internationalization}{7} \initial {J} \entry {job}{3} -\entry {job control}{3, 98} +\entry {job control}{3, 99} \initial {K} -\entry {kill ring}{104} -\entry {killing text}{104} +\entry {kill ring}{105} +\entry {killing text}{105} \initial {L} \entry {localization}{7} -\entry {login shell}{82} +\entry {login shell}{83} \initial {M} \entry {matching, pattern}{31} \entry {metacharacter}{3} \initial {N} \entry {name}{3} \entry {native languages}{7} -\entry {notation, readline}{103} +\entry {notation, readline}{104} \initial {O} \entry {operator, shell}{3} \initial {P} @@ -96,41 +96,41 @@ \entry {pattern matching}{31} \entry {pipeline}{8} \entry {POSIX}{3} -\entry {POSIX Mode}{94} +\entry {POSIX Mode}{95} \entry {process group}{3} \entry {process group ID}{3} \entry {process substitution}{30} -\entry {programmable completion}{127} -\entry {prompting}{92} +\entry {programmable completion}{128} +\entry {prompting}{93} \initial {Q} \entry {quoting}{6} \entry {quoting, ANSI}{6} \initial {R} -\entry {Readline, how to use}{101} +\entry {Readline, how to use}{102} \entry {redirection}{32} \entry {reserved word}{3} -\entry {restricted shell}{93} +\entry {restricted shell}{94} \entry {return status}{4} \initial {S} -\entry {shell arithmetic}{87} +\entry {shell arithmetic}{88} \entry {shell function}{17} \entry {shell script}{40} \entry {shell variable}{18} -\entry {shell, interactive}{83} +\entry {shell, interactive}{84} \entry {signal}{4} \entry {signal handling}{39} \entry {special builtin}{4, 68} -\entry {startup files}{82} -\entry {suspending jobs}{98} +\entry {startup files}{83} +\entry {suspending jobs}{99} \initial {T} \entry {tilde expansion}{22} \entry {token}{4} \entry {translation, native languages}{7} \initial {V} \entry {variable, shell}{18} -\entry {variables, readline}{106} +\entry {variables, readline}{107} \initial {W} \entry {word}{4} \entry {word splitting}{30} \initial {Y} -\entry {yanking text}{104} +\entry {yanking text}{105} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index 4018f9ad..30b19294 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.dvi and b/doc/bashref.dvi differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.fn b/doc/bashref.fn index 58b721f5..2341c375 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.fn +++ b/doc/bashref.fn @@ -1,108 +1,108 @@ -\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{117}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}} -\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{117}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}} -\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{117}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}} -\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{117}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}} -\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{117}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}} -\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{117}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}} -\entry{shell-forward-word ()}{117}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}} -\entry{shell-backward-word ()}{117}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}} -\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{117}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}} -\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{117}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}} -\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{118}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}} -\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{118}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}} -\entry{next-history (C-n)}{118}{\code {next-history (C-n)}} -\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{118}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}} -\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{118}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}} -\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{118}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}} -\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{118}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}} -\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{118}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}} -\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{118}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}} -\entry{history-search-forward ()}{118}{\code {history-search-forward ()}} -\entry{history-search-backward ()}{118}{\code {history-search-backward ()}} -\entry{history-substr-search-forward ()}{118}{\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}} -\entry{history-substr-search-backward ()}{119}{\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}} -\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{119}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}} -\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{119}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}} -\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{119}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}} -\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{119}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}} -\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{119}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}} -\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{119}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}} -\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{119}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}} -\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{120}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}} -\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{120}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}} -\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{120}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}} -\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{120}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}} -\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{120}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}} -\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{120}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}} -\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{120}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}} -\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{120}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}} -\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{120}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}} -\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{120}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}} -\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{121}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}} -\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{121}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}} -\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{121}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}} -\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{121}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}} -\entry{shell-kill-word ()}{121}{\code {shell-kill-word ()}} -\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{121}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}} -\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{121}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}} -\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{121}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}} -\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{121}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}} -\entry{kill-region ()}{121}{\code {kill-region ()}} -\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{121}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}} -\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{121}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}} -\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{121}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}} -\entry{yank (C-y)}{121}{\code {yank (C-y)}} -\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{121}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}} -\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{122}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}} -\entry{universal-argument ()}{122}{\code {universal-argument ()}} -\entry{complete (TAB)}{122}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}} -\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{122}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}} -\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{122}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}} -\entry{menu-complete ()}{122}{\code {menu-complete ()}} -\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{122}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}} -\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{123}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}} -\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{123}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}} -\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{123}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}} -\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{123}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}} -\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{123}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}} -\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{123}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}} -\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{123}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}} -\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{123}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}} -\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{123}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}} -\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{123}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}} -\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{123}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}} -\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{123}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}} -\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{123}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}} -\entry{complete-into-braces (M-|a)}{123}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}} -\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{124}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}} -\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{124}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}} -\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{124}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}} -\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{124}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}} -\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{124}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}} -\entry{abort (C-g)}{124}{\code {abort (C-g)}} -\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{124}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}} -\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{124}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}} -\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{124}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}} -\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{124}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}} -\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{124}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}} -\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{124}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}} -\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{124}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}} -\entry{character-search (C-])}{124}{\code {character-search (C-])}} -\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{125}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}} -\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{125}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}} -\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{125}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}} -\entry{dump-functions ()}{125}{\code {dump-functions ()}} -\entry{dump-variables ()}{125}{\code {dump-variables ()}} -\entry{dump-macros ()}{125}{\code {dump-macros ()}} -\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{125}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}} -\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{125}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}} -\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{126}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}} -\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{126}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}} -\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{126}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}} -\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{126}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}} -\entry{magic-space ()}{126}{\code {magic-space ()}} -\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{126}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}} -\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{126}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}} -\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{126}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}} -\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{126}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}} -\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{126}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}} +\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{118}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}} +\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{118}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}} +\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{118}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}} +\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{118}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}} +\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{118}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}} +\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{118}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}} +\entry{shell-forward-word ()}{118}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}} +\entry{shell-backward-word ()}{118}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}} +\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{118}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}} +\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{118}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}} +\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{119}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}} +\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{119}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}} +\entry{next-history (C-n)}{119}{\code {next-history (C-n)}} +\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{119}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}} +\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{119}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}} +\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{119}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}} +\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{119}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}} +\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{119}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}} +\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{119}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}} +\entry{history-search-forward ()}{119}{\code {history-search-forward ()}} +\entry{history-search-backward ()}{119}{\code {history-search-backward ()}} +\entry{history-substr-search-forward ()}{119}{\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}} +\entry{history-substr-search-backward ()}{120}{\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}} +\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{120}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}} +\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{120}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}} +\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{120}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}} +\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{120}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}} +\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{120}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}} +\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{120}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}} +\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{120}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}} +\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{121}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}} +\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{121}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}} +\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{121}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}} +\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{121}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}} +\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{121}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}} +\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{121}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}} +\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{121}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}} +\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{121}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}} +\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{121}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}} +\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{121}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}} +\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{122}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}} +\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{122}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}} +\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{122}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}} +\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{122}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}} +\entry{shell-kill-word ()}{122}{\code {shell-kill-word ()}} +\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{122}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}} +\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{122}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}} +\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{122}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}} +\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{122}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}} +\entry{kill-region ()}{122}{\code {kill-region ()}} +\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{122}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}} +\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{122}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}} +\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{122}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}} +\entry{yank (C-y)}{122}{\code {yank (C-y)}} +\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{122}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}} +\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{123}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}} +\entry{universal-argument ()}{123}{\code {universal-argument ()}} +\entry{complete (TAB)}{123}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}} +\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{123}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}} +\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{123}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}} +\entry{menu-complete ()}{123}{\code {menu-complete ()}} +\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{123}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}} +\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{124}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}} +\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{124}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}} +\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{124}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}} +\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{124}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}} +\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{124}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}} +\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{124}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}} +\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{124}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}} +\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{124}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}} +\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{124}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}} +\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{124}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}} +\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{124}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}} +\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{124}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}} +\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{124}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}} +\entry{complete-into-braces (M-|a)}{124}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}} +\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{125}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}} +\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{125}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}} +\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{125}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}} +\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{125}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}} +\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{125}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}} +\entry{abort (C-g)}{125}{\code {abort (C-g)}} +\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{125}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}} +\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{125}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}} +\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{125}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}} +\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{125}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}} +\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{125}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}} +\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{125}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}} +\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{125}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}} +\entry{character-search (C-])}{125}{\code {character-search (C-])}} +\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{126}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}} +\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{126}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}} +\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{126}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}} +\entry{dump-functions ()}{126}{\code {dump-functions ()}} +\entry{dump-variables ()}{126}{\code {dump-variables ()}} +\entry{dump-macros ()}{126}{\code {dump-macros ()}} +\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{126}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}} +\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{126}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}} +\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{127}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}} +\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{127}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}} +\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{127}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}} +\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{127}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}} +\entry{magic-space ()}{127}{\code {magic-space ()}} +\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{127}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}} +\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{127}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}} +\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{127}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}} +\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{127}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}} +\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{127}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.fns b/doc/bashref.fns index 712ce038..1d88b56b 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.fns +++ b/doc/bashref.fns @@ -1,128 +1,128 @@ \initial {A} -\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{124} -\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{118} -\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{126} +\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{125} +\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{119} +\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{127} \initial {B} -\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{117} -\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{119} -\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{120} -\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{121} -\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{117} -\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{118} -\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{117} -\entry {\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{120} +\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{118} +\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{120} +\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{121} +\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{122} +\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{118} +\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{119} +\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{118} +\entry {\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{121} \initial {C} -\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{124} -\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{120} -\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{124} -\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{125} -\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{117} -\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{122} -\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{123} -\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{123} -\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{123} -\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{123} -\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{123} -\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{123} -\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{121} -\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{121} -\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{121} +\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{125} +\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{121} +\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{125} +\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{126} +\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{118} +\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{123} +\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{124} +\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{124} +\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{124} +\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{124} +\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{124} +\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{124} +\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{122} \initial {D} -\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{119} -\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{121} -\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{122} -\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{126} -\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{124} -\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{120} -\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{125} -\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{125} -\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{125} -\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{123} +\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{120} +\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{123} +\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{127} +\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{125} +\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{121} +\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{126} +\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{126} +\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{126} +\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{124} \initial {E} -\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{126} -\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{124} -\entry {\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{119} -\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{118} -\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{117} -\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{124} +\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{127} +\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{125} +\entry {\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{120} +\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{119} +\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{118} +\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{125} \initial {F} -\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{119} -\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{117} -\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{118} -\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{117} +\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{120} +\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{118} +\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{119} +\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{118} \initial {G} -\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{125} -\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{125} -\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{126} +\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{126} +\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{126} +\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{127} \initial {H} -\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{126} -\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{126} -\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{118} -\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{118} -\entry {\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}}{119} -\entry {\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}}{118} +\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{127} +\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{127} +\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{119} +\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{119} +\entry {\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}}{120} +\entry {\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}}{119} \initial {I} -\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{125} -\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{122} -\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{126} +\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{126} +\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{123} +\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{127} \initial {K} -\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{120} -\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{121} -\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{121} -\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{121} +\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{121} +\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{122} \initial {M} -\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{126} -\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{122} -\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{127} +\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{123} \initial {N} -\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{118} -\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{118} -\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{118} +\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{119} +\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{119} +\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{119} \initial {O} -\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{126} -\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{120} +\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{127} +\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{121} \initial {P} -\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{123} -\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{122} -\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{123} -\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{123} -\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{123} -\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{123} -\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{124} -\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{118} -\entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{124} +\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{123} +\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{124} +\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{124} +\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{124} +\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{124} +\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{125} +\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{119} +\entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{125} \initial {Q} -\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{119} +\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{120} \initial {R} -\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{124} -\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{117} -\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{118} -\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{124} +\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{125} +\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{118} +\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{119} +\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{125} \initial {S} -\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{120} -\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{124} -\entry {\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{121} -\entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{117} -\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{126} -\entry {\code {shell-forward-word ()}}{117} -\entry {\code {shell-kill-word ()}}{121} -\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{125} -\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{121} +\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{125} +\entry {\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{118} +\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{127} +\entry {\code {shell-forward-word ()}}{118} +\entry {\code {shell-kill-word ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{126} +\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{125} \initial {T} -\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{124} -\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{120} -\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{120} +\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{125} +\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{121} +\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{121} \initial {U} -\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{124} -\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{122} -\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{121} -\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{121} -\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{121} -\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{120} +\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{125} +\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{122} +\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{122} +\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{121} \initial {Y} -\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{121} -\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{119} -\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{119} -\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{121} +\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{122} +\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{120} +\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{120} +\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{122} diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 1c513872..05025cdc 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - +