diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 74a0463e..0c791935 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -13045,3 +13045,73 @@ parse.y - yy_readline_get: try to unset NONBLOCK mode on readline's input file descriptor before calling readline(). Inspired by report from Siteshwar Vashisht + + 1/30 + ---- +parse.y + - parse_comsub: don't unconditionally set the LEX_WASDOL flag when we + see a `$'; we should toggle it to accommodate things like $$. + Fixes bug reported by Christian Weisgerber + - parse_matched_pair: do the same thing with LEX_WASDOL + + 2/1 + --- +jobs.h + - JWAIT_PERROR,JWAIT_FORCE: new defines for the wait_for_ family of + functions + +jobs.c + - wait_for_job, wait_for_any_job: take new flags argument for use by + the wait builtin + - wait_for_job: if JWAIT_FORCE flag supplied, loop waiting for job to + terminate instead of change state + - wait_for_single_pid: if JWAIT_FORCE flag supplied, loop waiting for + child process to terminate instead of change state + +builtins/wait.def + - takes a new `-f' option, signifying to wait until the specified job + or process terminates, instead of changes state + +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - wait: document the new -f option and its behavior when job control + is enabled + - job control: add a paragraph describing how the wait builtin changes + behavior when job control is enabled: it returns when a job changes + state + + 2/2 + --- +examples/loadables/fdflags.c + - fdflags: new loadable builtin to set and unset file descriptor flags + (such as non-blocking, though bash undoes that) for descriptors bash + has open. Developed in consultation with Christos Zoulas + + + 2/3 + --- + +lib/readline/text.c + - rl_previous_screen_line: attempt to move to the same column on the + previous screen line of the current readline buffer by moving back + a number of characters equal to the screen width + - rl_next_screen_line: attempt to move to the same column on the + next screen line of the current readline buffer by moving forward + a number of characters equal to the screen width. Both originally + suggested by Hans Ginzel + +lib/readline/readline.h + - rl_{next,previous}_screen_line: extern declarations + +lib/readline/funmap.c + - {next,previous}-screen-line: new bindable command names + +lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3} + - {next,previous}-screen-line: document behavior, including limitations + + 2/5 + --- +lib/readline/input.c + - rl_read_key: when reading input from a macro, make sure to return + the next character as an unsigned char, so we handle multibyte + character sequences correctly. Report and fix from Grisha Levit + diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index 13c2fd61..7faeeb12 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -674,6 +674,7 @@ examples/loadables/strftime.c f examples/loadables/truefalse.c f #examples/loadables/getconf.h f #examples/loadables/getconf.c f +examples/loadables/fdflags.c f examples/loadables/finfo.c f examples/loadables/cat.c f #examples/loadables/cut.c f diff --git a/builtins/wait.def b/builtins/wait.def index 7cf7e3e4..6b3c425d 100644 --- a/builtins/wait.def +++ b/builtins/wait.def @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ This file is wait.def, from which is created wait.c. It implements the builtin "wait" in Bash. -Copyright (C) 1987-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1987-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ $BUILTIN wait $FUNCTION wait_builtin $DEPENDS_ON JOB_CONTROL $PRODUCES wait.c -$SHORT_DOC wait [-n] [id ...] +$SHORT_DOC wait [-fn] [id ...] Wait for job completion and return exit status. Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or a @@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ in that job's pipeline. If the -n option is supplied, waits for the next job to terminate and returns its exit status. +If the -f option is supplied, and job control is enabled, waits for the +specified ID to terminate, instead of waiting for it to change status. + Exit Status: Returns the status of the last ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is given. @@ -97,14 +100,14 @@ int wait_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { - int status, code, opt, nflag; + int status, code, opt, nflag, wflags; volatile int old_interrupt_immediately; USE_VAR(list); - nflag = 0; + nflag = wflags = 0; reset_internal_getopt (); - while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "n")) != -1) + while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "nf")) != -1) { switch (opt) { @@ -112,6 +115,9 @@ wait_builtin (list) case 'n': nflag = 1; break; + case 'f': + wflags |= JWAIT_FORCE; + break; #endif CASE_HELPOPT; default: @@ -151,7 +157,7 @@ wait_builtin (list) #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) if (nflag) { - status = wait_for_any_job (); + status = wait_for_any_job (wflags); if (status < 0) status = 127; WAIT_RETURN (status); @@ -179,7 +185,7 @@ wait_builtin (list) if (legal_number (w, &pid_value) && pid_value == (pid_t)pid_value) { pid = (pid_t)pid_value; - status = wait_for_single_pid (pid, 1); + status = wait_for_single_pid (pid, wflags|JWAIT_PERROR); } else { @@ -209,7 +215,7 @@ wait_builtin (list) /* Job spec used. Wait for the last pid in the pipeline. */ UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); - status = wait_for_job (job); + status = wait_for_job (job, wflags); } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ else diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 031be8a4..37b90d4e 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -783,7 +783,9 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS BBAASSHHPPIIDD Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells - that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. + that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. Assignments to + BBAASSHHPPIIDD have no effect. If BBAASSHHPPIIDD is unset, it loses its spe- + cial properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. @@ -809,6 +811,12 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin below) + BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 + When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell + or shell script (identical to $$00; see the description of special + parameter 0 above). Assignment to BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 causes the value + assigned to also be assigned to $$00. If BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 is unset, it + loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hhaasshh @@ -918,71 +926,82 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. - EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- + EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE + Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number + of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)) as a floating + point value with micro-second granularity. Assignments to + EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE is unset, it loses + its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. + EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS + Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number + of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)). Assignments to + EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses + its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. + EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE - An array variable containing the names of all shell functions + An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot- - tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". - This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. - Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, - it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently + tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". + This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. + Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, + it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. - This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. - Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in - BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For - instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file - $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The + This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. + Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in + BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For + instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file + $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The ccaalllleerr builtin displays the current call stack using this infor- mation. - GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the + GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect. - If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it + If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHIISSTTCCMMDD The history number, or index in the history list, of the current - command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, + command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHOOSSTTNNAAMMEE Automatically set to the name of the current host. HHOOSSTTTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type - of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- + Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type + of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- dependent. - LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a - decimal number representing the current sequential line number - (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a - script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to + LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a + decimal number representing the current sequential line number + (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a + script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful. If LLIINNEENNOO is unset, it loses its special proper- ties, even if it is subsequently reset. MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system - type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- + Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system + type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- _p_a_n_y_-_s_y_s_t_e_m format. The default is system-dependent. MMAAPPFFIILLEE - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text read by the mmaappffiillee builtin when no variable name is supplied. OOLLDDPPWWDD The previous working directory as set by the ccdd command. - OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- - tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- + OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- + tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- dent. PPIIPPEESSTTAATTUUSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit - status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit + status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command). - PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- + PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- only. PPWWDD The current working directory as set by the ccdd command. RRAANNDDOOMM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between 0 and 32767 is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM. If RRAANNDDOOMM is unset, - it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently + it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE The contents of the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x" @@ -990,295 +1009,295 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT The position of the insertion point in the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when + RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when no arguments are supplied. SSEECCOONNDDSS - Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds - since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to - SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the - number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. + Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds + since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to + SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the + number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. If SSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. SSHHLLVVLL Incremented by one each time an instance of bbaasshh is started. UUIIDD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. - The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh + The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below. BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT - The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See - the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN - CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the various compatibility levels - and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g., - 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired com- - patibility level. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is unset or set to the empty - string, the compatibility level is set to the default for the - current version. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is set to a value that is not + The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See + the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN + CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the various compatibility levels + and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g., + 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired com- + patibility level. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is unset or set to the empty + string, the compatibility level is set to the default for the + current version. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is set to a value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the shell prints an error - message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the - current version. The valid compatibility levels correspond to - the compatibility options accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin + message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the + current version. The valid compatibility levels correspond to + the compatibility options accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin described below (for example, ccoommppaatt4422 means that 4.2 and 42 are valid values). The current version is also a valid value. BBAASSHH__EENNVV - If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, - its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to + If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, + its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to initialize the shell, as in _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c. The value of BBAASSHH__EENNVV is - subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and - arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename. + subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and + arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename. PPAATTHH is not used to search for the resultant filename. BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD - If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, - bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is - enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed - when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting - BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace - output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting + If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, + bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is + enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed + when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting + BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace + output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. - CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated - list of directories in which the shell looks for destination - directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is + CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated + list of directories in which the shell looks for destination + directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is ".:~:/usr". CCHHIILLDD__MMAAXX - Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to - remember. Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below - a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur- - rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is + Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to + remember. Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below + a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur- + rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is system-dependent. CCOOLLUUMMNNSS - Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal - width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the - cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon + Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal + width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the + cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY An array variable from which bbaasshh reads the possible completions - generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- - pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). Each + generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- + pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). Each array element contains one possible completion. - EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell - starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in + EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell + starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. - EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX + EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode. EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg) - defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search - using PPAATTHH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat- - terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of + A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg) + defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search + using PPAATTHH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat- + terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of completion and command execution via PPAATTHH lookup. This does not affect the behavior of the [[, tteesstt, and [[[[ commands. Full path- - names in the command hash table are not subject to EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE. - Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the - executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern + names in the command hash table are not subject to EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE. + Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the + executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. FFCCEEDDIITT The default editor for the ffcc builtin command. FFIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing + A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). A filename whose suf- - fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the + fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~". FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT - If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum - function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this + If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum + function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level will cause the current command to abort. GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames - to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a - pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in - GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE, it is removed from the list of matches. + A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file + names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name + matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the + patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE, it is removed from the list of matches. HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL - A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are - saved on the history list. If the list of values includes - _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not - saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines + A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are + saved on the history list. If the list of values includes + _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not + saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h is shorthand for _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e and _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s. A value of _e_r_a_s_e_d_u_p_s causes all previous lines matching the current line - to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. - Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is - unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the + to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. + Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is + unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value - of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line - compound command are not tested, and are added to the history + of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line + compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. HHIISSTTFFIILLEE The name of the file in which command history is saved (see HHIISS-- - TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, + TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, the command history is not saved when a shell exits. HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When - this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- - cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of - lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also - truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If - the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size. - Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit - truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of + this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- + cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of + lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also + truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If + the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size. + Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit + truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE after reading any startup files. HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command - lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is - anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- - plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is - tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- - TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern + A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command + lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is + anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- + plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is + tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- + TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `&&' matches the previous history line. `&&' - may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed + may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the - history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The pattern + history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - The number of commands to remember in the command history (see - HHIISSTTOORRYY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in + The number of commands to remember in the command history (see + HHIISSTTOORRYY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list. Numeric values less than zero result in every - command being saved on the history list (there is no limit). - The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any + command being saved on the history list (there is no limit). + The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files. HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a + If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to print the time stamp associated - with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If - this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history - file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses - the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from + with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If + this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history + file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. HHOOMMEE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the ccdd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion. HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE - Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s + Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. - The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while - the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is - attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of - the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has - no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to - read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- + The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while + the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is + attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of + the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has + no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to + read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- tions. When HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is unset, the hostname list is cleared. - IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting - after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd + IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting + after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd builtin command. The default value is ``''. IIGGNNOORREEEEOOFF Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an EEOOFF character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of - consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first - characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable - exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the - default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the + consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first + characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable + exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the + default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the end of input to the shell. IINNPPUUTTRRCC - The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the + The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the default of _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). - LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not + LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with LLCC__. - LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ + LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ variable specifying a locale category. LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE - This variable determines the collation order used when sorting - the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior - of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating + This variable determines the collation order used when sorting + the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior + of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE - This variable determines the interpretation of characters and - the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and + This variable determines the interpretation of characters and + the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS - This variable determines the locale used to translate double- + This variable determines the locale used to translate double- quoted strings preceded by a $$. LLCC__NNUUMMEERRIICC - This variable determines the locale category used for number + This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. LLCC__TTIIMMEE - This variable determines the locale category used for data and + This variable determines the locale category used for data and time formatting. - LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column - length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the - cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon + LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column + length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the + cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. - MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the - MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the - arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc- + MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the + MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the + arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc- tory. MMAAIILLCCHHEECCKK - Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The - default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the - shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this - variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number + Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The + default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the + shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this + variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. MMAAIILLPPAATTHH A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail. The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may - be specified by separating the filename from the message with a - `?'. When used in the text of the message, $$__ expands to the + be specified by separating the filename from the message with a + `?'. When used in the text of the message, $$__ expands to the name of the current mailfile. Example: MMAAIILLPPAATTHH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"' - BBaasshh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari- - able (there is no value by default), but the location of the + BBaasshh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari- + able (there is no value by default), but the location of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/$$UUSSEERR). OOPPTTEERRRR If set to the value 1, bbaasshh displays error messages generated by - the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a + the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). + OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell script is executed. - PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of - directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD - EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the + PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of + directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD + EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of PPAATTHH indicates the current directory. A null directory - name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or - trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is + name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or + trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is ``/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''. PPOOSSIIXXLLYY__CCOORRRREECCTT - If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the - shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if - the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set - while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the + If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the + shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if + the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set + while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the command _s_e_t _-_o _p_o_s_i_x had been executed. PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM - If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the + If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding - the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). + the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis. - PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and + PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and before the command is executed. - PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is + PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is ``\\ss--\\vv\\$$ ''. - PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as + PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>> ''. PPSS33 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the sseelleecctt command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). - PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the - value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an - execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- - tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- + PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the + value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an + execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- + tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- rection. The default is ``++ ''. SSHHEELLLL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari- - able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to + able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- - ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the - ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- - duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or - other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are + The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- + ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the + ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- + duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or + other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the braces denote optional portions. %%%% A literal %%. %%[[_p]][[ll]]RR The elapsed time in seconds. @@ -1286,77 +1305,77 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS %%[[_p]][[ll]]SS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode. %%PP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R. - The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number + The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places - after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater - than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is + after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater + than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is used. - The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of - the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not + The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of + the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not the fraction is included. - If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value - $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, + If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value + $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. - TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the + TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the default timeout for the rreeaadd builtin. The sseelleecctt command termi- nates if input does not arrive after TTMMOOUUTT seconds when input is - coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is + coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting - for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not + for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arrive. - TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which + TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which bbaasshh creates temporary files for the shell's use. aauuttoo__rreessuummee This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and - job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- + job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump- tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; - if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, - the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a - stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start - it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match - the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the - string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a - stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- - gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set - to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a + if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, + the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a + stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start + it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match + the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the + string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a + stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- + gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set + to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the %%_s_t_r_i_n_g job identifier. hhiissttcchhaarrss - The two or three characters which control history expansion and + The two or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). The first character - is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals - the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second - character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as - shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- - tuting one string for another in the command. The default is - `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- - cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as - the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- + is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals + the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second + character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as + shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- + tuting one string for another in the command. The default is + `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- + cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as + the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the - remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the + remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. AArrrraayyss - BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. - Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will - explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of - an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- - tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including + BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. + Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will + explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of + an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- + tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are ref- erenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers. - An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned + An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly - declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- + declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- + MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- _s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. Associative arrays are created using ddeeccllaarree --AA _n_a_m_e. @@ -1364,135 +1383,136 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the ddeeccllaarree and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. - Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form - _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but + Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form + _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but _s_t_r_i_n_g. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and - subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index - of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement + subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index + of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero. When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required. - This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array - elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax - introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- - scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative - to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices + This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array + elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax + introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- + scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative + to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. - Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If - _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These - subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These + subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the - value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS + value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable, and ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands each element of _n_a_m_e to a sep- - arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to - nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the - expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of - the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined - with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the - expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- - ments in the array. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of - an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter- - preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array, - so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index + arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to + nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the + expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of + the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined + with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the + expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss + above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- + ments in the array. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of + an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter- + preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array, + so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref- - erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable + erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable using a valid subscript is legal, and bbaasshh will create an array if nec- essary. - An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a + An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. - It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the - values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in + It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the + values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in array variable _n_a_m_e. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to the expansion of the special parameters _@ and _* within double quotes. - The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] - destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Negative subscripts to - indexed arrays are interpreted as described above. Care must be taken - to avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. uunnsseett + The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] + destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Negative subscripts to + indexed arrays are interpreted as described above. Care must be taken + to avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, removes the entire array. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative - array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd - builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative + array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd + builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into - words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, - _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- + words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, + _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter - and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution - (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- + and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution + (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- sion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- - able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as - tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- + able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as + tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- stitution. - After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the - original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves + After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the + original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves (_q_u_o_t_e _r_e_m_o_v_a_l). Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change - the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single - word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions + the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single + word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}" as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, - is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to - each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- - fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x - or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated - terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- - sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each - character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the - default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. - When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, + is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to + each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- + fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x + or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated + terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- + sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each + character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the + default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. + When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and - closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence - expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence + expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- - sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion. + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and + inhibits brace expansion until the closing }}. This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the above example: @@ -1750,7 +1770,7 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN quoted in a format that can be reused as input. EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the - $$''......'' quoting mechansim. + $$''......'' quoting mechanism. PP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as if it were a prompt string (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). @@ -1874,80 +1894,81 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the - shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. When matching a pathname, the slash char- - acter must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' - character is not treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below - under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullll-- - gglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. + shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. The filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' must + always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. When matching a + pathname, the slash character must always be matched explicitly. In + other cases, the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. See the + description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a descrip- + tion of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file- - names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching filename - that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed from the - list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the matching against - the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to case. The - filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set - and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null value has the - effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other filenames - beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior of ignor- - ing filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the patterns - in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is - unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file + names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file + name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed + from the list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the match- + ing against the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to + case. The filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGG-- + NNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null + value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other + filenames beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior + of ignoring filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the + patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE + is unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: - ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the - gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a - pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a - single pattern will match all files and zero or more - directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two - adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- + ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the + gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a + pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a + single pattern will match all files and zero or more + directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two + adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- ries. ?? Matches any single character. - [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of - characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- - _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- - ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating - sequence and character set, is matched. If the first + [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of + characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- + _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- + ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating + sequence and character set, is matched. If the first character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any charac- - ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- - acters in range expressions is determined by the current - locale and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell + ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- + acters in range expressions is determined by the current + locale and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell variables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpreta- - tion of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to - [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or - enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be + tion of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to + [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or + enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be matched by including it as the first or last character in the set. A ]] may be matched by including it as the first character in the set. - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt A character class matches any character belonging to that class. The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the character _. - Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified + Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified using the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with - the same collation weight (as defined by the current + the same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character _c. Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat- ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, several - extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following + extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol- lowing sub-patterns: @@ -1963,63 +1984,71 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN !!((_p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t)) Matches anything except one of the given patterns + Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, + especially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings con- + tain multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, + or using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be + faster. + QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows - commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows + commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and - writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the - current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- + writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the + current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may fol- - low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, + low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may + Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a - file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. - If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines - the file descriptor to close. + file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. + If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines + the file descriptor to close. If {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e} is supplied, the redirect- + ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro- + grammer to manage the file descriptor himself. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- - direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- + direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde - expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- tions, as described in the following table. If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; - otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described + otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described below. //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d - If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- + If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- cated. //ddeevv//ssttddiinn File descriptor 0 is duplicated. @@ -2029,22 +2058,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN File descriptor 2 is duplicated. //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding TCP socket. //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding UDP socket. A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with - care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- + Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with + care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- nally. RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the + sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: @@ -2052,27 +2081,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the + Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file - does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero + does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d - If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett - builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose - name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. + If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett + builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose + name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the re- direction is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists. AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name - results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file - descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not + Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name + results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file + descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: @@ -2080,11 +2109,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>>>_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. - There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard + There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error: &&>>_w_o_r_d @@ -2096,13 +2125,13 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 - When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If - it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee + When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If + it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below) for compatibility reasons. AAppppeennddiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. The format for appending standard output and standard error is: @@ -2116,10 +2145,10 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below). HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss - This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the + This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r (with no trailing - blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used - as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a + blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used + as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a command. The format of here-documents is: @@ -2128,18 +2157,18 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r - No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any part of - _w_o_r_d is quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, - and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is - unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter - expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the charac- - ter sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the + No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic + expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any part of + _w_o_r_d is quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, + and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is + unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter + expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the charac- + ter sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the characters \\, $$, and ``. If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are - stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This - allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural + stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This + allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. HHeerree SSttrriinnggss @@ -2147,10 +2176,10 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<<<<<_w_o_r_d - The _w_o_r_d undergoes brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and - quote removal. Pathname expansion and word splitting are not per- - formed. The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline + The _w_o_r_d undergoes brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and + quote removal. Pathname expansion and word splitting are not per- + formed. The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on its standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified). @@ -2160,22 +2189,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file - descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- - ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file + descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- + ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. The operator [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- - direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is - closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand - to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- + direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is + closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand + to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. MMoovviinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss @@ -2183,7 +2212,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -2191,7 +2220,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -2199,117 +2228,117 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as - the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of - aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin - commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each - simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If - so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, - $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as + the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of + aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin + commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each + simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If + so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, + $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may - contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The - first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word - that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second - time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and - bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the - last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command + contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The + first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word + that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second + time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and + bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the + last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If - arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input - before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are - expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, - an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does - not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input + before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are + expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, + an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does + not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new - alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. - Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the - function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- - mand. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not avail- - able until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put - alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound + alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. + Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the + function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- + mand. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not avail- + able until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put + alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to - interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to + interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- tion while the function is executing. - All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical - between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and - RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been - given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin - below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett - builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN - traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical + between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell option has been enabled. - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. - The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, - defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that + The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, + defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- - tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with - the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be - deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with + the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be + deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden- - tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- + tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit - the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- - tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- pound command, and AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed- - width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is - trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, - associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- - lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence + width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is + trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, + associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- + lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. _i_d++++ _i_d---- @@ -2337,49 +2366,49 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading - 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form - [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 - representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If - _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, the digits - greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase + 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form + [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 + representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If + _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, the digits + greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, - lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to repre- + lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to repre- sent numbers between 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following - unary or binary primaries. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially - when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which - bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; oth- - erwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e - argument to one of the primaries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file - descriptor _n is checked. If the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries - is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following + unary or binary primaries. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially + when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which + bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; oth- + erwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e + argument to one of the primaries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file + descriptor _n is checked. If the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries + is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. The tteesstt command sorts using ASCII ordering. --aa _f_i_l_e @@ -2418,30 +2447,30 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --LL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. --OO _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a value). --RR _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- ence. --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2451,8 +2480,8 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt - command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, + True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt + command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, this performs pattern matching as described above (CCoommppoouunndd CCoomm-- mmaannddss). @@ -2466,106 +2495,106 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive or negative integers. SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following + When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- - ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- - ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- + shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- + ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- + ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not - affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not + affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- - taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to - remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to + remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - with the original command and the original command's arguments as its - arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of - the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error + with the original command and the original command's arguments as its + arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of + the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit status of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a - file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. - This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new - shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that - the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. + This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new + shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that + the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2573,231 +2602,236 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate - of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are + of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the - default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. - Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the + default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. + Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- - cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and - ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and + ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- - ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, - replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, + replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ- ment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it - returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it + returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins - return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally invalid options or missing arguments. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, - unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, + unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In - all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values - inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in - effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in + effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP using ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL - _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the + _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the execution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive - interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive + interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. - Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty - tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal - by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the + if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. + Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty + tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal + by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped - when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be - returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be + returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix - matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the - other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command - line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an - error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- - _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix + matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the + other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command + line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- + _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer - to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the + to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with a ++, and the pre- - vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- + vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- tion) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that exits. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. + When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, + and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes + state. The --ff option will force wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process + terminates before returning. + PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it @@ -3066,6 +3100,14 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings sim- ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. + eemmaaccss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((@@)) + This string is displayed immediately before the last line of the + primary prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is + expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- + printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- + trol sequence into the mode string. eennaabbllee--bbrraacckkeetteedd--ppaassttee ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer @@ -3120,14 +3162,6 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap. - eemmaaccss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((@@)) - This string is displayed immediately before the last line of the - primary prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is - expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and - control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. - Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- - printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- - trol sequence into the mode string. kkeeyysseeqq--ttiimmeeoouutt ((550000)) Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete @@ -3382,6 +3416,16 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. + hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd + Search backward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the current cursor + position (the _p_o_i_n_t). The search string may match anywhere in a + history line. This is a non-incremental search. + hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. The search + string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non- + incremental search. yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n, @@ -3424,7 +3468,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. - eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xxCC--ee)) + eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xx CC--ee)) Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, $$EEDDIITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order. @@ -3647,204 +3691,205 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee). - ddoo--uuppppeerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--aa,, MM--bb,, MM--_x,, ......)) - If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that - is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. + ddoo--lloowweerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--AA,, MM--BB,, MM--_x,, ......)) + If the metafied character _x is uppercase, run the command that + is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The + behavior is undefined if _x is already lowercase. pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) Metafy the next character typed. EESSCC ff is equivalent to MMeettaa--ff. uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) - Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the - uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<>)) - Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) - Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is - set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is + set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of - that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- + that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- rences. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) - A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- - rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- + rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- quent occurrences. sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee - Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as - those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin + Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as + those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this - sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will - have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, - instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. + sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will + have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, + instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) - Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- - mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current + Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- + mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a - toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not - match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- + toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not + match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin- - ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a - newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn - causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. - If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be + ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn + causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. + If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be executed by the shell. gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern - is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern + is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible completions. gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, - replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, + replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg)) - The list of expansions that would have been generated by - gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a - numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before + The list of expansions that would have been generated by + gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a + numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss - Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out- - put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to - the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, - the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part + the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, + the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss - Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv)) Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn - When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for - which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using - the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program- + When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for + which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using + the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program- mable completion facilities are invoked. - First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the - empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), - any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a - compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to + First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the + empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), + any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a + compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command - word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched - for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt - is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined + word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched + for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt + is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. + If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. - Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG + Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are - being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, - and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are + being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, + and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com- pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable, one per array element. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- - ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is - enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- + ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- betic characters. Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the --PP and --SS options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. - There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is - most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- - fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as - completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by - returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and + There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is + most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- + fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as + completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by + returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is - being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is + being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an - attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of - completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather + attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of + completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. - For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept - in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following + For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept + in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following default completion function would load completions dynamically: _completion_loader() @@ -3855,161 +3900,161 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- - SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value - less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history - file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- + SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value + less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history + file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the pre- ceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend- - ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with - history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the - history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled - (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the - lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is + ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with + history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the + history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled + (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the + lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is - unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable - is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the - history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- - sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- + unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable + is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the + history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- + sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- stamps from other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTT-- - FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric + FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and - manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and + manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell options. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two - parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two + parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history - is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are - _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected + is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are + _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when read- - ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by - quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by - the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by - default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history - expansion character, but the history expansion character is also - treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote + ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by + quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by + the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by + default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history + expansion character, but the history expansion character is also + treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled, (( will also inhibit expansion. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell option is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and - rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately - passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded + rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately + passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee - is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed - history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer - for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be - used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss + is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed + history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer + for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be + used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of - the history list without actually executing them, so that they are + the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- - tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n. !!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. !!_s_t_r_i_n_g - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position - in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing - _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' + Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing + _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word. _n The _nth word. ^^ The first argument. That is, word 1. - $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will + $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will expand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line. %% The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. hh Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head. @@ -4018,80 +4063,80 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at bbllaannkkss and newlines. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event - line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final - delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event - line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single - backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- - gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to - the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final + delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event + line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single + backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- + gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to + the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- tions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. - GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event + GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event line. SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the - options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options - and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- - ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning - with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but - are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning - with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- + options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options + and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- + ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning + with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but + are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning + with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- tion. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s and performing any specified redirections. The return status is zero. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell - environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- - cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, - filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing + Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell + environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, + filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. - When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is - searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option - to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not - searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- - tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the - positional parameters are unchanged. If the --TT option is - enabled, ssoouurrccee inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any - DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the call to - ssoouurrccee, and ssoouurrccee unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it executes. If - --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG trap, the - new value is retained when ssoouurrccee completes. The return status + When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is + searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option + to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not + searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- + tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the + positional parameters are unchanged. If the --TT option is + enabled, ssoouurrccee inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any + DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the call to + ssoouurrccee, and ssoouurrccee unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it executes. If + --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG trap, the + new value is retained when ssoouurrccee completes. The return status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose - _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass - returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass + returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVVXX] @@ -4100,29 +4145,29 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q:_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee - variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would - appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed - as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would + appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed + as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e - is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e + is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- _d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -4134,174 +4179,174 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr _k_e_y_s_e_q Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q. --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is - entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets - the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- - lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the + Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is + entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets + the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- + lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the current location of the insertion point. If the executed - command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- - LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the + command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- + LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the editing state. - --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the - associated commands in a format that can be reused as + --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the + associated commands in a format that can be reused as input. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are - exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are + exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]] [-@]] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, - the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi- + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, + the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi- tional arguments following _d_i_r are ignored. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH - defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each - directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative - directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null - directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, + defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each + directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative + directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null + directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not - used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory - structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and + used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory + structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and before processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links - to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances + to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r. If _._. appears in _d_i_r, it is processed by removing - the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a - slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied - with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success- - fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will - return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the - --@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a - file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD + the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a + slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied + with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success- + fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will + return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the + --@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a + file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD before the directory change is attempted. If a non-empty direc- - tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument, + tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of - the new working directory is written to the standard output. - The return value is true if the directory was successfully + the new working directory is written to the standard output. + The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or filename + option causes a single word indicating the command or filename used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program- mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple- - tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, + tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEE] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' - command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command - for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE - option indicates that the remaining options and actions should - apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion + remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' + command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command + for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE + option indicates that the remaining options and actions should + apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- mmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words - if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the + nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words + if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the default). - nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible + nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible completions alphabetically. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -4309,7 +4354,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -4318,17 +4363,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -4337,188 +4382,188 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When the function is executed, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose - arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When the function is executed, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose + arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, and the third argument ($$33) - is the word preceding the word being completed on the - current command line. When it finishes, the possible - completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- + is the word preceding the word being completed on the + current command line. When it finishes, the possible + completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- PPLLYY array variable. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. The possible completions are the members - of the resultant list which match the word being com- + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. The possible completions are the members + of the resultant list which match the word being com- pleted. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es - are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion - options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin - described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es + are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion + options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin + described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that - is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion - has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the - remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; + is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion + has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the + remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used - with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, - are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it - will display the attributes and values of all variables having + with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, + are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it + will display the attributes and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other - options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the - attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option - will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option - inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function - name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option - is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number + options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the + attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option + will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option + inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function + name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option + is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where each _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option - implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or + implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a - shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow- + shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow- ing options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: - --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). - --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. - --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case - characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case + --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case + characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled. - --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name - reference to another variable. That other variable is - defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- - ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those - using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed - on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref + --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name + reference to another variable. That other variable is + defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- + ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those + using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed + on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref attribute cannot be applied to array variables. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions - inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling - shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for + --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions + inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling + shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case - characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case + --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case + characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- - able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used + able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, ddeeccllaarree and ttyyppeesseett make each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a vari- - able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is - set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assignment - syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not + able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is + set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assignment + syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value is 0 - unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to - define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to - assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to - assign a value to an array variable without using the compound - assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a - valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- - only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn + unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to + define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to + assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to + assign a value to an array variable without using the compound + assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a + valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- + only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[--ccllppvv]] [[++_n]] [[--_n]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered - directories. The default display is on a single line with - directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to - the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes - entries from the list. The current directory is always the + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered + directories. The default display is on a single line with + directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to + the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes + entries from the list. The current directory is always the first directory in the stack. --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. - --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default + --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... | _p_i_d ... ] - Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active - jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr - option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option - is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is - marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell - receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option - means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- - _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return + Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active + jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr + option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option + is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is + marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell + receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option + means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- + _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. - The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the --ee option - is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped - characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- - tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are - interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used - to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these - escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to - mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape + is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped + characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- + tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are + interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used + to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these + escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to + mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -4531,189 +4576,189 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. - The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. + The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu- - ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn - is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- - plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- - tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the - output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return - value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an + ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn + is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- + plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- + tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the + output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return + value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- - ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what + ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redi- rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported - variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported + variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one - of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- + of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- plied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t - from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes - them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate - the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an - index into the history list, where a negative number is used as - an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not - specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that - ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- - wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified it is set to the previous com- + The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t + from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes + them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate + the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an + index into the history list, where a negative number is used as + an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not + specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that + ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- + wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified it is set to the previous com- mand for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is intepreted the same as - _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', - so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is intepreted the same as + _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', + so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is - expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it - by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not - be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is + expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it + by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not + be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to - 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an - option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into - the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- - cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to + 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an + option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into + the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- + cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame- ters is to be used. - When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a - return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of + When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a + return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e - is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e - is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option - causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd - option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of - each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to - which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- - ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the - hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- + is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option + causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd + option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of + each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to + which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- + ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the + hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments - are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- - bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a + are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- + bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -4730,45 +4775,49 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t - Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. - These are history lines entered since the beginning of + Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t + is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater + than the last history position, so negative indices count + back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 + refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command. + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. + These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. - --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to + --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to the current history list. --ww Write the current history list to the history file, over- writing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -4777,208 +4826,208 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Display only running jobs. --ss Display only stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is - equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was - successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is + equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was + successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- - tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options - is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell - options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are - restored to their original values when the function returns. - With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the - standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options + is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell + options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are + restored to their original values when the function returns. + With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the + standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless llooccaall is used outside a - function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly + function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC + mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each + --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each input line, rather than newline. - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. - --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line + --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff interprets the following extensions: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee. - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and - -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no - argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had - been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no + argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had + been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behavior. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two - directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two + directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating - or adding directories to the stack, so that only the + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating + or adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the - new current working directory as if it had been supplied + new current working directory as if it had been supplied as the argument to the ccdd builtin. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split - into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split + into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the second _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to - the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input - stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- - ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into + the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input + stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- + ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char- - acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, + acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array @@ -4986,28 +5035,28 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee - (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- - line uses the current (or default, if line editing was + (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- + line uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously active) editing settings. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - are read. The result is not split on the characters in - IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + are read. The result is not split on the characters in + IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr option below). --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t @@ -5015,131 +5064,131 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input (or a specified number of characters) is - not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- - mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- - mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is - reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special - file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input (or a specified number of characters) is + not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- + mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- + mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is + reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special + file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into - the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd - returns immediately, without trying to read any data. - The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- - fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- + the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd + returns immediately, without trying to read any data. + The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- + fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is + able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater - than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a + than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is sup- plied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed - arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative - arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If - no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed + arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative + arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If + no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be - used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly - names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format - that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by - =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return - status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the + used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly + names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format + that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by + =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return + status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- - fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is - that of the last command executed in the function body. If - rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to - determine the status is the last command executed before the - trap handler. if rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the - last command used to determine the status is the last command - executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If - rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a - script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop - executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of - the last command executed within the script as the exit status - of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least - significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is - supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function - and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- - mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- + Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- + fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is + that of the last command executed in the function body. If + rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to + determine the status is the last command executed before the + trap handler. if rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the + last command used to determine the status is the last command + executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If + rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a + script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop + executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of + the last command executed within the script as the exit status + of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least + significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is + supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function + and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- + mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- tion resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x mode, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x mode, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to - $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following + $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following meanings: --aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is - given the export attribute and marked for export to the + given the export attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero status. - The shell does not exit if the command that fails is - part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee - or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or - eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a - &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& + The shell does not exit if the command that fails is + part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee + or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or + eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a + &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the - command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a - compound command other than a subshell returns a non- - zero status because a command failed while --ee was being - ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if - set, is executed before the shell exits. This option + command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a + compound command other than a subshell returns a non- + zero status because a command failed while --ee was being + ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if + set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. - If a compound command or shell function executes in a - context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands - executed within the compound command or function body - will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set - and a command returns a failure status. If a compound - command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a - context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have - any effect until the compound command or the command + If a compound command or shell function executes in a + context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands + executed within the compound command or function body + will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set + and a command returns a failure status. If a compound + command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a + context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have + any effect until the compound command or the command containing the function call completes. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run in a separate process group. When a background job com- pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta- tus. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -5147,10 +5196,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -5164,8 +5213,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -5180,365 +5229,367 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to - match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to + match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior. pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] - Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- - ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the + Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- + ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the --oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list - of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of - whether or not each is set. The --pp option causes output to be - displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options + of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of + whether or not each is set. The --pp option causes output to be + displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options have the following meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt - shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. - Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt + shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. + Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command - and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command + and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- UUMMNNSS. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional command's ==~~ operator and locale-specific string compar- - ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> - operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII + ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> + operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the cur- rent locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a - command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue - with the next command in the list after one terminates + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a + command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue + with the next command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt. ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- - rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later - interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- - rupt; previous versions continue with the next command + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- + rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later + interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- + rupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list. ccoommppaatt4411 - If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote - in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special - character. The single quotes must match (an even num- - ber) and the characters between the single quotes are - considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode - through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains + If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote + in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special + character. The single quotes must match (an even num- + ber) and the characters between the single quotes are + considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode + through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions. ccoommppaatt4422 - If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in - the pattern substitution word expansion using quote + If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in + the pattern substitution word expansion using quote removal. ccoommppaatt4433 - If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an - attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign- - ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion - errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command - to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal + If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an + attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign- + ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion + errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command + to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit), and does not reset - the loop state when a shell function is executed (this - allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect + the loop state when a shell function is executed (this + allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect loops in the caller's context). ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee - If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- - names and directory names when performing completion. + If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- + names and directory names when performing completion. If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol- - lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted - in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear - in shell variable references in words to be completed. - This means that dollar signs in variable names that - expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any - dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, - either. This is active only when bash is using back- - slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is - set by default, which is the default bash behavior in + lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted + in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear + in shell variable references in words to be completed. + This means that dollar signs in variable names that + expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any + dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, + either. This is active only when bash is using back- + slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is + set by default, which is the default bash behavior in versions through 4.2. ddiirreexxppaanndd - If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results - of word expansion when performing filename completion. - This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- - fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the + If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results + of word expansion when performing filename completion. + This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- + fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the user typed. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in - the results of pathname expansion. + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' + and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if + ddoottgglloobb is set. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the - debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to - the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set after invocation, behav- + If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the + debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to + the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set after invocation, behav- ior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell simulates a call to rreettuurrnn. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by default. gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess - If set, range expressions used in pattern matching - bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave - as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- + If set, range expressions used in pattern matching + bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave + as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating - sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- - late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case + sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- + late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- - text will match all files and zero or more directories - and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, + text will match all files and zero or more directories + and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, only directories and subdirectories match. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named - by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell + If set, the history list is appended to the file named + by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter- active login shell exits. iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt - If set, command substitution inherits the value of the - eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell - environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is + If set, command substitution inherits the value of the + eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell + environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is enabled. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi- - tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- + tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- pletions as part of programmable completion. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- @@ -5546,50 +5597,50 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta- - tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- + tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- plied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu- ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op- - erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of - the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. - tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore + erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of + the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. + tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation - depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -5606,120 +5657,120 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- graphically using ASCII ordering. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- ishes executing. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to - the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the + the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following - a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, + a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command - following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the - last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using - !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) + following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the + last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using + !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) option. - Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or - reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar- - ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is - used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable + ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is + used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is - not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell + not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSSaabbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -5728,12 +5779,12 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -5742,68 +5793,71 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte - blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte + blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in Posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre- ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu- ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable, - and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option - is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, - _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn - has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are - supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- - able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each - unset variable or function is removed from the environment - passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- + and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option + is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, + _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn + has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are + supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- + able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each + unset variable or function is removed from the environment + passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- DDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub- sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- only. - wwaaiitt [--nn] [_n _._._.] + wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [_i_d _._._.] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination - status. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a - job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- + status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if + a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _i_d is not given, all currently active child pro- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the --nn - option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and - returns its exit status. If _n specifies a non-existent process - or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status - is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. + option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and + returns its exit status. If the --ff option is supplied, and job + control is enabled, wwaaiitt forces _i_d to terminate before returning + its status, intead of returning when it changes status. If _i_d + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + last process or job waited for. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at @@ -5935,4 +5989,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 4.4 2016 August 26 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.4 2017 February 1 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 6c1adfae..b55462c2 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Fri Dec 16 11:45:56 EST 2016 +.\" Last Change: Fri Feb 3 16:01:50 EST 2017 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2016 December 16" "GNU Bash 4.4" +.TH BASH 1 "2017 February 3" "GNU Bash 4.4" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -5095,6 +5095,11 @@ command may then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. +.PP +When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the \fBwait\fP +builtin, and job control is enabled, \fBwait\fP will return when the +job changes state. The \fB\-f\fP option will force \fBwait\fP to wait +until the job or process terminates before returning. .SH PROMPTING When executing interactively, .B bash @@ -5966,6 +5971,19 @@ Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. .TP +.B previous\-screen\-line +Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the previous +physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect if the current +Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if point is not +greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. +.TP +.B next\-screen\-line +Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next +physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect if the current +Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if the length +of the current Readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt +plus the screen width. +.TP .B clear\-screen (C\-l) Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the @@ -10500,20 +10518,23 @@ subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a .I name is readonly. .TP -\fBwait\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [\fIn ...\fP] +\fBwait\fP [\fB\-fn\fP] [\fIid ...\fP] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination status. Each -.I n +.I id may be a process ID or a job specification; if a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are waited for. If -.I n +.I id is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the \fB\-n\fP option is supplied, \fBwait\fP waits for any job to terminate and returns its exit status. +If the \fB\-f\fP option is supplied, and job control is enabled, +\fBwait\fP forces \fIid\fP to terminate before returning its status, +intead of returning when it changes status. If -.I n +.I id specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 983284e8..a9d01e93 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2016 August 26BASH(1) +BASH(1)2017 February 1BASH(1)

Index @@ -1868,6 +1868,16 @@ This variable is read-only. Expands to the process ID of the current bash process. This differs from $$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require bash to be re-initialized. +Assignments to +BASHPID + + +have no effect. +If +BASHPID + +is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is +subsequently reset.
BASH_ALIASES
@@ -1927,6 +1937,23 @@ option to the shopt builtin below) +
BASH_ARGV0 + +
+When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or shell +script (identical to +$0; + +see the description of special parameter 0 above). +Assignment to +BASH_ARGV0 + +causes the value assigned to also be assigned to $0. +If +BASH_ARGV0 + +is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is +subsequently reset.
BASH_CMDS
@@ -2152,6 +2179,39 @@ Assignment to this variable will not change the current directory. If DIRSTACK + +is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is +subsequently reset. +
EPOCHREALTIME + +
+Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of seconds +since the Unix Epoch (see time(3)) as a floating point value +with micro-second granularity. +Assignments to +EPOCHREALTIME + + +are ignored. +If +EPOCHREALTIME + + +is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is +subsequently reset. +
EPOCHSECONDS + +
+Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of seconds +since the Unix Epoch (see time(3)). +Assignments to +EPOCHSECONDS + + +are ignored. +If +EPOCHSECONDS + is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. @@ -2612,9 +2672,9 @@ will cause the current command to abort.
GLOBIGNORE
-A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to +A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file names to be ignored by pathname expansion. -If a filename matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one +If a file name matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE, @@ -3485,7 +3545,8 @@ Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A { or , may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string ${ -is not considered eligible for brace expansion. +is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and inhibits brace +expansion until the closing }.

This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common @@ -4018,7 +4079,7 @@ format that can be reused as input.

The expansion is a string that is the value of parameter with backslash -escape sequences expanded as with the $'...' quoting mechansim. +escape sequences expanded as with the $'...' quoting mechanism.
P
@@ -4353,6 +4414,16 @@ at the start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option dotglob +is set. +The filenames +``.'' + +and +``..'' + +must always be matched explicitly, even if +dotglob + is set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be matched explicitly. @@ -4384,14 +4455,14 @@ The GLOBIGNORE -shell variable may be used to restrict the set of filenames matching a +shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file names matching a pattern. If GLOBIGNORE -is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in +is set, each matching file name that also matches one of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE @@ -4613,6 +4684,13 @@ Matches anything except one of the given patterns +

+ +Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, +especially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings +contain multiple matches. +Using separate matches against shorter strings, or using arrays of +strings instead of a single long string, may be faster.  

Quote Removal

@@ -4659,6 +4737,9 @@ than or equal to 10 and assign it to varname. If >&- or <&- is preceded by {varname}, the value of varname defines the file descriptor to close. +If {varname} is supplied, the redirection persists beyond +the scope of the command, allowing the shell programmer to manage +the file descriptor himself.

In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is @@ -6427,6 +6508,12 @@ command may then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. +

+ +When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wait +builtin, and job control is enabled, wait will return when the +job changes state. The -f option will force wait to wait +until the job or process terminates before returning.  

PROMPTING

@@ -7134,6 +7221,16 @@ can be set to either or vi. +
emacs-mode-string (@) + +
+This string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary +prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a +key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes and +backslash escape sequences is available. +Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of +non-printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control +sequence into the mode string.
enable-bracketed-paste (Off)
@@ -7217,16 +7314,6 @@ the value of editing-mode also affects the default keymap. -
emacs-mode-string (@) - -
-This string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary -prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a -key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes and -backslash escape sequences is available. -Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of -non-printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control -sequence into the mode string.
keyseq-timeout (500)
@@ -7634,6 +7721,21 @@ This is a non-incremental search. Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. +
history-substring-search-backward + +
+Search backward through the history for the string of characters +between the start of the current line and the current cursor +position (the point). +The search string may match anywhere in a history line. +This is a non-incremental search. +
history-substring-search-forward + +
+Search forward through the history for the string of characters +between the start of the current line and the point. +The search string may match anywhere in a history line. +This is a non-incremental search.
yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)
@@ -7712,7 +7814,7 @@ A synonym for yank-last-arg. Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. -
edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e) +
edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)
Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell @@ -8124,11 +8226,12 @@ Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bell-style). -
do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...) +
do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...)
-If the metafied character x is lowercase, run the command -that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. +If the metafied character x is uppercase, run the command +that is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. +The behavior is undefined if x is already lowercase.
prefix-meta (ESC)
@@ -10661,6 +10764,10 @@ is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-d offset
Delete the history entry at position offset. +If offset is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater +than the last history position, so negative indices count back from the +end of the history, and an index of -1 refers to the current +history -d command.
-a
@@ -12226,6 +12333,16 @@ If set, includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname expansion. +The filenames +``.'' + +and +``..'' + +must always be matched explicitly, even if +dotglob + +is set.
execfail
@@ -13221,22 +13338,25 @@ subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a name is readonly. -
wait [-n] [n ...]
+
wait [-fn] [id ...]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination status. Each -n +id may be a process ID or a job specification; if a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are waited for. If -n +id is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the -n option is supplied, wait waits for any job to terminate and returns its exit status. +If the -f option is supplied, and job control is enabled, +wait forces id to terminate before returning its status, +intead of returning when it changes status. If -n +id specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last @@ -13529,7 +13649,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash 4.42016 August 26BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.42017 February 1BASH(1)
@@ -13635,6 +13755,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 31 August 2016 10:24:30 EDT +Time: 01 February 2017 09:18:17 EST diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index fac67865..0a12f398 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ -This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from +This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.3 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 7 September 2016). +Bash shell (version 4.4, 1 February 2017). - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 7 September 2016, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 1 February 2017, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. - Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1988-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 7 September 2016). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 4.4, 1 February 2017). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 7 September 2016, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 1 February 2017, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -1494,7 +1494,8 @@ characters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is strictly textual. Bash does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string '${' is not -considered eligible for brace expansion. +considered eligible for brace expansion, and inhibits brace expansion +until the closing '}'.. A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence @@ -1881,7 +1882,7 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. 'E' The expansion is a string that is the value of PARAMETER with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the '$'...'' - quoting mechansim. + quoting mechanism. 'P' The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of PARAMETER as if it were a prompt string (*note @@ -2046,17 +2047,18 @@ performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character '.' at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash must be matched -explicitly, unless the shell option 'dotglob' is set. When matching a -filename, the slash character must always be matched explicitly. In -other cases, the '.' character is not treated specially. +explicitly, unless the shell option 'dotglob' is set. The filenames '.' +and '..' must always be matched explicitly, even if 'dotglob' is set. +When matching a filename, the slash character must always be matched +explicitly. In other cases, the '.' character is not treated specially. See the description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::, for a description of the 'nocaseglob', 'nullglob', 'failglob', and 'dotglob' options. The 'GLOBIGNORE' shell variable may be used to restrict the set of -filenames matching a pattern. If 'GLOBIGNORE' is set, each matching -filename that also matches one of the patterns in 'GLOBIGNORE' is +file names matching a pattern. If 'GLOBIGNORE' is set, each matching +file name that also matches one of the patterns in 'GLOBIGNORE' is removed from the list of matches. If the 'nocaseglob' option is set, the matching against the patterns in 'GLOBIGNORE' is performed without regard to case. The filenames '.' and '..' are always ignored when @@ -2149,6 +2151,12 @@ of the following sub-patterns: '!(PATTERN-LIST)' Matches anything except one of the given patterns. + Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, +especially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings +contain multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter +strings, or using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may +be faster. +  File: bash.info, Node: Quote Removal, Prev: Filename Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions @@ -2180,7 +2188,9 @@ instead be preceded by a word of the form {VARNAME}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to {VARNAME}. If >&- or <&- is preceded by {VARNAME}, the value of VARNAME defines the file -descriptor to close. +descriptor to close. If {VARNAME} is supplied, the redirection persists +beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell programmer to manage +the file descriptor himself. In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is '<', the @@ -4384,7 +4394,8 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. 'dotglob' If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a '.' in the - results of filename expansion. + results of filename expansion. The filenames '.' and '..' + must always be matched explicitly, even if 'dotglob' is set. 'execfail' If this is set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it @@ -4706,7 +4717,9 @@ Variables::). 'BASHPID' Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process. This differs from '$$' under certain circumstances, such as subshells - that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. + that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. Assignments to + 'BASHPID' have no effect. If 'BASHPID' is unset, it loses its + special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. 'BASH_ALIASES' An associative array variable whose members correspond to the @@ -4737,6 +4750,14 @@ Variables::). The Shopt Builtin:: for a description of the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt' builtin). +'BASH_ARGV0' + When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or + shell script (identical to '$0'; *Note Special Parameters::, for + the description of special parameter 0). Assignment to + 'BASH_ARGV0' causes the value assigned to also be assigned to '$0'. + If 'BASH_ARGV0' is unset, it loses its special properties, even if + it is subsequently reset. + 'BASH_CMDS' An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal hash table of commands as maintained by the 'hash' builtin @@ -4932,6 +4953,21 @@ Variables::). Similar to 'BASH_ENV'; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX Mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::). +'EPOCHREALTIME' + Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of + seconds since the Unix Epoch as a floating point value with + micro-second granularity (see the documentation for the C library + function TIME for the definition of Epoch). Assignments to + 'EPOCHREALTIME' are ignored. If 'EPOCHREALTIME' is unset, it loses + its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. + +'EPOCHSECONDS' + Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of + seconds since the Unix Epoch (see the documentation for the C + library function TIME for the definition of Epoch). Assignments to + 'EPOCHSECONDS' are ignored. If 'EPOCHSECONDS' is unset, it loses + its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. + 'EUID' The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable is readonly. @@ -4982,8 +5018,8 @@ Variables::). nesting level will cause the current command to abort. 'GLOBIGNORE' - A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to - be ignored by filename expansion. If a filename matched by a + A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file names + to be ignored by filename expansion. If a file name matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in 'GLOBIGNORE', it is removed from the list of matches. The pattern matching honors the setting of the 'extglob' shell option. @@ -6699,6 +6735,11 @@ command may then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command, Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. + When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the 'wait' +builtin, and job control is enabled, 'wait' will return when the job +changes state. The '-f' option will force 'wait' to wait until the job +or process terminates before returning. +  File: bash.info, Node: Job Control Builtins, Next: Job Control Variables, Prev: Job Control Basics, Up: Job Control @@ -6775,7 +6816,7 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Job Control Builtins, Next: Job Control Variables, Pre option is encountered. 'wait' - wait [-n] [JOBSPEC or PID ...] + wait [-fn] [JOBSPEC or PID ...] Wait until the child process specified by each process ID PID or job specification JOBSPEC exits and return the exit status of the @@ -6783,7 +6824,10 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Job Control Builtins, Next: Job Control Variables, Pre the job are waited for. If no arguments are given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the '-n' option is supplied, 'wait' waits for any job to - terminate and returns its exit status. If neither JOBSPEC nor PID + terminate and returns its exit status. If the '-f' option is + supplied, and job control is enabled, 'wait' forces each PID or + JOBSPEC to terminate before returning its status, intead of + returning when it changes status. If neither JOBSPEC nor PID specifies an active child process of the shell, the return status is 127. @@ -7876,13 +7920,13 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Commands For History, Next: Commands For Text, Prev: C string must match at the beginning of a history line. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. -'history-substr-search-forward ()' +'history-substring-search-forward ()' Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. The search string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. -'history-substr-search-backward ()' +'history-substring-search-backward ()' Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. The search string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a @@ -8226,9 +8270,10 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: Bin Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of 'bell-style'). -'do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-X, ...)' - If the metafied character X is lowercase, run the command that is - bound to the corresponding uppercase character. +'do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-X, ...)' + If the metafied character X is upper case, run the command that is + bound to the corresponding metafied lower case character. The + behavior is undefined if X is already lower case. 'prefix-meta ()' Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards without a @@ -8350,7 +8395,7 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: Bin relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. -'edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)' +'edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)' Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell commands. Bash attempts to invoke '$VISUAL', '$EDITOR', and 'emacs' as the editor, in that order. @@ -9005,8 +9050,13 @@ history file. options to replace the history list completely. '-d OFFSET' - Delete the history entry at position OFFSET. OFFSET should be - specified as it appears when the history is displayed. + Delete the history entry at position OFFSET. If OFFSET is + positive, it should be specified as it appears when the + history is displayed. If OFFSET is negative, it is + interpreted as relative to one greater than the last history + position, so negative indices count back from the end of the + history, and an index of '-1' refers to the current 'history + -d' command. '-a' Append the new history lines to the history file. These are @@ -9611,6 +9661,12 @@ unless the operating system does not provide the necessary support. '--enable-debugger' Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately). +'--enable-dev-fd-stat-broken' + If calling 'stat' on /dev/fd/N returns different results than + calling 'fstat' on file descriptor N, supply this option to enable + a workaround. This has implications for conditional commands that + test file attributes. + '--enable-direxpand-default' Cause the 'direxpand' shell option (*note The Shopt Builtin::) to be enabled by default when the shell starts. It is normally @@ -10660,7 +10716,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * dirs: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 7) * disown: Job Control Builtins. - (line 89) + (line 92) * echo: Bash Builtins. (line 245) * enable: Bash Builtins. (line 294) * eval: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -10709,7 +10765,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9) * source: Bash Builtins. (line 559) * suspend: Job Control Builtins. - (line 101) + (line 104) * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 268) * times: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -10801,22 +10857,23 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * BASH: Bash Variables. (line 13) * BASHOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 16) * BASHPID: Bash Variables. (line 25) -* BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables. (line 30) -* BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables. (line 39) -* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 49) -* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 59) -* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 68) -* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 73) -* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 88) -* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 94) -* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 97) -* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 105) -* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 109) -* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 117) -* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 124) -* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 129) -* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 152) -* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 155) +* BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables. (line 32) +* BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables. (line 41) +* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 51) +* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 61) +* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 69) +* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 78) +* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 83) +* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 98) +* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 104) +* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 107) +* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 115) +* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 119) +* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 127) +* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 134) +* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 139) +* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 162) +* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 165) * bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 38) * bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -10825,12 +10882,12 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 50) * CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 9) -* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 166) +* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 176) * colored-completion-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 55) * colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 62) -* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 173) +* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 183) * comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 68) * completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -10843,88 +10900,90 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 91) * completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 98) -* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 225) -* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 179) -* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 208) -* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 185) -* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 190) -* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 198) -* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 212) -* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 218) +* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 235) +* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 189) +* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 218) +* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 195) +* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 200) +* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 208) +* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 222) +* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 228) * convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 108) -* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 231) -* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 235) +* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 241) +* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 245) * disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 116) * echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 121) * editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 126) -* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 245) +* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 255) * emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 132) * enable-bracketed-paste: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 142) * enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 150) -* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 250) -* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 254) -* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 258) +* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 260) +* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 264) +* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 272) +* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 279) +* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 283) * expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 161) -* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 271) -* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 275) -* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 281) -* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 298) -* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 303) -* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 310) -* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 316) -* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 331) -* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 336) -* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 352) -* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 356) -* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 367) +* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 296) +* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 300) +* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 306) +* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 323) +* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 328) +* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 335) +* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 341) +* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 356) +* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 361) +* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 377) +* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 381) +* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 392) * history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 165) * history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 171) -* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 387) -* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 394) +* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 412) +* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 419) * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 13) * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 180) -* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 402) -* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 413) -* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 416) +* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 427) +* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 438) +* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 441) * IFS: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 18) -* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 419) +* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 444) * input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 429) +* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 454) * isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 195) * keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 202) -* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 433) -* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 437) -* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 441) -* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 448) +* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 458) +* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 462) +* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 466) +* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 473) * LC_MESSAGES: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 453) -* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 457) -* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 461) -* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 465) -* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 469) -* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 475) +* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 478) +* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 482) +* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 486) +* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 490) +* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 494) +* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 500) * MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 22) -* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 479) +* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 504) * MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 27) -* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 487) +* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 512) * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 232) * mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -10935,42 +10994,42 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 249) * meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 491) +* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 516) * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 34) -* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 494) +* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 519) * OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 38) -* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 498) +* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 523) * output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 254) * page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 260) * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 42) -* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 501) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 506) -* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 515) -* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 519) -* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 523) -* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 529) +* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 526) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 531) +* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 540) +* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 544) +* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 548) +* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 554) * PS1: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 48) * PS2: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 53) -* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 534) -* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 539) -* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 545) -* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 548) -* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 553) -* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 557) -* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 561) +* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 559) +* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 564) +* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 570) +* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 573) +* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 578) +* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 582) +* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 586) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 270) -* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 564) -* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 570) -* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 575) -* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 584) +* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 589) +* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 595) +* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 600) +* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 609) * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 276) * show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -10981,10 +11040,10 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 297) * TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11) * TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 589) -* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 627) -* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 639) -* UID: Bash Variables. (line 643) +* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 614) +* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 652) +* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 664) +* UID: Bash Variables. (line 668) * vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 310) * vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11006,7 +11065,7 @@ D.4 Function Index * accept-line (Newline or Return): Commands For History. (line 6) * alias-expand-line (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 124) + (line 125) * backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving. (line 15) * backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. (line 17) * backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing. @@ -11021,9 +11080,9 @@ D.4 Function Index * call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e): Keyboard Macros. (line 13) * capitalize-word (M-c): Commands For Text. (line 61) * character-search (C-]): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 41) + (line 42) * character-search-backward (M-C-]): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 46) + (line 47) * clear-screen (C-l): Commands For Moving. (line 34) * complete (): Commands For Completion. (line 6) @@ -11054,56 +11113,56 @@ D.4 Function Index (line 46) * digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--): Numeric Arguments. (line 6) * display-shell-version (C-x C-v): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 109) -* do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 110) +* do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands. (line 14) * downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. (line 57) * dump-functions (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 73) + (line 74) * dump-macros (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 85) + (line 86) * dump-variables (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 79) + (line 80) * dynamic-complete-history (M-): Commands For Completion. (line 90) -* edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 138) +* edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 139) * end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros. (line 9) * end-of-file (usually C-d): Commands For Text. (line 6) * end-of-history (M->): Commands For History. (line 23) * end-of-line (C-e): Commands For Moving. (line 9) * exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 36) + (line 37) * forward-backward-delete-char (): Commands For Text. (line 21) * forward-char (C-f): Commands For Moving. (line 12) * forward-search-history (C-s): Commands For History. (line 31) * forward-word (M-f): Commands For Moving. (line 18) * glob-complete-word (M-g): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 91) + (line 92) * glob-expand-word (C-x *): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 97) + (line 98) * glob-list-expansions (C-x g): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 103) + (line 104) * history-and-alias-expand-line (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 127) + (line 128) * history-expand-line (M-^): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 117) + (line 118) * history-search-backward (): Commands For History. (line 53) * history-search-forward (): Commands For History. (line 47) -* history-substr-search-backward (): Commands For History. +* history-substring-search-backward (): Commands For History. (line 65) -* history-substr-search-forward (): Commands For History. +* history-substring-search-forward (): Commands For History. (line 59) * insert-comment (M-#): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 60) + (line 61) * insert-completions (M-*): Commands For Completion. (line 22) * insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 130) + (line 131) * kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing. (line 6) * kill-region (): Commands For Killing. @@ -11113,7 +11172,7 @@ D.4 Function Index * kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing. (line 19) * magic-space (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 120) + (line 121) * menu-complete (): Commands For Completion. (line 26) * menu-complete-backward (): Commands For Completion. @@ -11125,7 +11184,7 @@ D.4 Function Index * non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p): Commands For History. (line 35) * operate-and-get-next (C-o): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 133) + (line 134) * overwrite-mode (): Commands For Text. (line 65) * possible-command-completions (C-x !): Commands For Completion. (line 86) @@ -11140,7 +11199,7 @@ D.4 Function Index * possible-variable-completions (C-x $): Commands For Completion. (line 68) * prefix-meta (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 18) + (line 19) * previous-history (C-p): Commands For History. (line 13) * print-last-kbd-macro (): Keyboard Macros. (line 17) @@ -11151,27 +11210,27 @@ D.4 Function Index * reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History. (line 27) * revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 25) + (line 26) * self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...): Commands For Text. (line 30) * set-mark (C-@): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 32) + (line 33) * shell-backward-kill-word (): Commands For Killing. (line 33) * shell-backward-word (): Commands For Moving. (line 30) * shell-expand-line (M-C-e): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 112) + (line 113) * shell-forward-word (): Commands For Moving. (line 26) * shell-kill-word (): Commands For Killing. (line 28) * skip-csi-sequence (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 51) + (line 52) * start-kbd-macro (C-x (): Keyboard Macros. (line 6) * tilde-expand (M-&): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 29) + (line 30) * transpose-chars (C-t): Commands For Text. (line 42) * transpose-words (M-t): Commands For Text. (line 48) * undo (C-_ or C-x C-u): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 22) + (line 23) * universal-argument (): Numeric Arguments. (line 10) * unix-filename-rubout (): Commands For Killing. (line 41) @@ -11351,134 +11410,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top897 -Node: Introduction2817 -Node: What is Bash?3033 -Node: What is a shell?4147 -Node: Definitions6685 -Node: Basic Shell Features9636 -Node: Shell Syntax10855 -Node: Shell Operation11881 -Node: Quoting13174 -Node: Escape Character14474 -Node: Single Quotes14959 -Node: Double Quotes15307 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16585 -Node: Locale Translation17838 -Node: Comments18734 -Node: Shell Commands19352 -Node: Simple Commands20224 -Node: Pipelines20855 -Node: Lists23598 -Node: Compound Commands25327 -Node: Looping Constructs26330 -Node: Conditional Constructs28793 -Node: Command Grouping39715 -Node: Coprocesses41194 -Node: GNU Parallel43026 -Node: Shell Functions46999 -Node: Shell Parameters52205 -Node: Positional Parameters56618 -Node: Special Parameters57518 -Node: Shell Expansions60855 -Node: Brace Expansion62949 -Node: Tilde Expansion65730 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion68078 -Node: Command Substitution82210 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion83565 -Node: Process Substitution84497 -Node: Word Splitting85617 -Node: Filename Expansion87561 -Node: Pattern Matching89845 -Node: Quote Removal93543 -Node: Redirections93838 -Node: Executing Commands103258 -Node: Simple Command Expansion103928 -Node: Command Search and Execution105858 -Node: Command Execution Environment108194 -Node: Environment111178 -Node: Exit Status112837 -Node: Signals114507 -Node: Shell Scripts116474 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands118989 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins121023 -Node: Bash Builtins141623 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170268 -Node: The Set Builtin170613 -Node: The Shopt Builtin181026 -Node: Special Builtins196825 -Node: Shell Variables197804 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables198241 -Node: Bash Variables200272 -Node: Bash Features228652 -Node: Invoking Bash229551 -Node: Bash Startup Files235500 -Node: Interactive Shells240603 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?241013 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241662 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242477 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245852 -Node: Shell Arithmetic250092 -Node: Aliases252909 -Node: Arrays255457 -Node: The Directory Stack260541 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins261325 -Node: Controlling the Prompt264293 -Node: The Restricted Shell267039 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode268864 -Node: Job Control279215 -Node: Job Control Basics279675 -Node: Job Control Builtins284394 -Node: Job Control Variables288924 -Node: Command Line Editing290080 -Node: Introduction and Notation291751 -Node: Readline Interaction293374 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials294565 -Node: Readline Movement Commands296348 -Node: Readline Killing Commands297308 -Node: Readline Arguments299226 -Node: Searching300270 -Node: Readline Init File302456 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax303603 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs323790 -Node: Sample Init File326315 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands329432 -Node: Commands For Moving330636 -Node: Commands For History331779 -Node: Commands For Text336068 -Node: Commands For Killing339457 -Node: Numeric Arguments341938 -Node: Commands For Completion343077 -Node: Keyboard Macros347268 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands347955 -Node: Readline vi Mode353759 -Node: Programmable Completion354666 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins362127 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example372013 -Node: Using History Interactively377265 -Node: Bash History Facilities377949 -Node: Bash History Builtins380950 -Node: History Interaction384947 -Node: Event Designators387911 -Node: Word Designators389130 -Node: Modifiers390767 -Node: Installing Bash392169 -Node: Basic Installation393306 -Node: Compilers and Options395997 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures396738 -Node: Installation Names398401 -Node: Specifying the System Type399219 -Node: Sharing Defaults399935 -Node: Operation Controls400608 -Node: Optional Features401566 -Node: Reporting Bugs411823 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell413017 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License429869 -Node: Indexes455046 -Node: Builtin Index455500 -Node: Reserved Word Index462327 -Node: Variable Index464775 -Node: Function Index480234 -Node: Concept Index493391 +Node: Top895 +Node: Introduction2813 +Node: What is Bash?3029 +Node: What is a shell?4143 +Node: Definitions6681 +Node: Basic Shell Features9632 +Node: Shell Syntax10851 +Node: Shell Operation11877 +Node: Quoting13170 +Node: Escape Character14470 +Node: Single Quotes14955 +Node: Double Quotes15303 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16581 +Node: Locale Translation17834 +Node: Comments18730 +Node: Shell Commands19348 +Node: Simple Commands20220 +Node: Pipelines20851 +Node: Lists23594 +Node: Compound Commands25323 +Node: Looping Constructs26326 +Node: Conditional Constructs28789 +Node: Command Grouping39711 +Node: Coprocesses41190 +Node: GNU Parallel43022 +Node: Shell Functions46995 +Node: Shell Parameters52201 +Node: Positional Parameters56614 +Node: Special Parameters57514 +Node: Shell Expansions60851 +Node: Brace Expansion62945 +Node: Tilde Expansion65779 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion68127 +Node: Command Substitution82259 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion83614 +Node: Process Substitution84546 +Node: Word Splitting85666 +Node: Filename Expansion87610 +Node: Pattern Matching89984 +Node: Quote Removal93970 +Node: Redirections94265 +Node: Executing Commands103839 +Node: Simple Command Expansion104509 +Node: Command Search and Execution106439 +Node: Command Execution Environment108775 +Node: Environment111759 +Node: Exit Status113418 +Node: Signals115088 +Node: Shell Scripts117055 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands119570 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins121604 +Node: Bash Builtins142204 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170849 +Node: The Set Builtin171194 +Node: The Shopt Builtin181607 +Node: Special Builtins197505 +Node: Shell Variables198484 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables198921 +Node: Bash Variables200952 +Node: Bash Features230660 +Node: Invoking Bash231559 +Node: Bash Startup Files237508 +Node: Interactive Shells242611 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?243021 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?243670 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior244485 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions247860 +Node: Shell Arithmetic252100 +Node: Aliases254917 +Node: Arrays257465 +Node: The Directory Stack262549 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins263333 +Node: Controlling the Prompt266301 +Node: The Restricted Shell269047 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode270872 +Node: Job Control281223 +Node: Job Control Basics281683 +Node: Job Control Builtins286651 +Node: Job Control Variables291378 +Node: Command Line Editing292534 +Node: Introduction and Notation294205 +Node: Readline Interaction295828 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials297019 +Node: Readline Movement Commands298802 +Node: Readline Killing Commands299762 +Node: Readline Arguments301680 +Node: Searching302724 +Node: Readline Init File304910 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax306057 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs326244 +Node: Sample Init File328769 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands331886 +Node: Commands For Moving333090 +Node: Commands For History334233 +Node: Commands For Text338528 +Node: Commands For Killing341917 +Node: Numeric Arguments344398 +Node: Commands For Completion345537 +Node: Keyboard Macros349728 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands350415 +Node: Readline vi Mode356291 +Node: Programmable Completion357198 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins364659 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example374545 +Node: Using History Interactively379797 +Node: Bash History Facilities380481 +Node: Bash History Builtins383482 +Node: History Interaction387774 +Node: Event Designators390738 +Node: Word Designators391957 +Node: Modifiers393594 +Node: Installing Bash394996 +Node: Basic Installation396133 +Node: Compilers and Options398824 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures399565 +Node: Installation Names401228 +Node: Specifying the System Type402046 +Node: Sharing Defaults402762 +Node: Operation Controls403435 +Node: Optional Features404393 +Node: Reporting Bugs414919 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell416113 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License432965 +Node: Indexes458142 +Node: Builtin Index458596 +Node: Reserved Word Index465423 +Node: Variable Index467871 +Node: Function Index483549 +Node: Concept Index496706  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 2f64c6f5..03623ea8 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 35da9d02..f933e5f3 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Wed Aug 31 10:23:59 2016 +%%CreationDate: Wed Feb 1 09:18:06 2017 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 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If)144 228 R F3 -.3(BA)2.5 G (SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F3 -.3(BA)108 168 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 -(The command currently being e)144 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F3 -.3(BA)108 240 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 +(The command currently being e)144 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 (cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 (cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 -192 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F3 -.3(BA)108 -204 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 216 Q +264 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F3 -.3(BA)108 +276 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 288 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F32.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F3 -.3(BA)108 228 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 -(An array v)144 240 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 252 +(cation option.).2 E F3 -.3(BA)108 300 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 +(An array v)144 312 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 324 R F1(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469(si).1 G -1.9 -.4 (nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F3(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F3(]})A F0 .97 -(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 264 R F3 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 336 R F3 (${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F3(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 E F3(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F3(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F3(${B)144 276 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F3(${B)144 348 Q(ASH_LINENO[) -.3 E F4($i-1)A F3(]})A F0 .115 (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F1 (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 -288 Q(.)-.55 E F3 -.3(BA)108 300 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E --.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 312 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ +360 Q(.)-.55 E F3 -.3(BA)108 372 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E +-.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 384 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable b)-4.07 F -(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 324 Q F3(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F3 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 -348 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F3(=~)2.506 +(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 396 Q F3(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) +2.5 E F3 -.3(BA)108 408 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 +420 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F3(=~)2.506 E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F3([[)2.506 E F0 .006 -(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. 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This)144 456 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E +F3 -.3(BA)108 468 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 480 R .125(ar\ iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ -shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 420 R F1(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 492 R F1(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 (The shell function)5.78 F F3(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F3(]})A -F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 432 Q F3(${B)2.5 E +F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 504 Q F3(${B)2.5 E (ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F3(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F3(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F3(]})A F0(.)A F3 -.3(BA)108 444 S +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F3(]})A F0(.)A F3 -.3(BA)108 516 S (SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296 -(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 456 R .296 +(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 528 R .296 (vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 468 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) -2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F3 -.3(BA)108 480 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644 -(Ar)144 492 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 +(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 540 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) +2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F3 -.3(BA)108 552 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644 +(Ar)144 564 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 (ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F3(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 -(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 504 S +(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 576 S (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F3 -.3 -(BA)144 522 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F3(])A F0(The major v)264 522 Q +(BA)144 594 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F3(])A F0(The major v)264 594 Q (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F3 -.3 -(BA)144 534 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F3(])A F0(The minor v)264 534 Q +(BA)144 606 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F3(])A F0(The minor v)264 606 Q (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F3 -.3(BA) -144 546 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F3(])A F0(The patch le)264 546 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F3 -.3(BA)144 558 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F3(])A -F0(The b)264 558 Q(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F3 -.3(BA)144 570 S -(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F3(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)264 570 Q -F4(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F3 -.3(BA)144 582 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F3 -(])A F0(The v)264 582 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E F2(.)A -F3 -.3(BA)108 594 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 -(Expands to a string describing the v)144 606 Q +144 618 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F3(])A F0(The patch le)264 618 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F3 -.3(BA)144 630 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F3(])A +F0(The b)264 630 Q(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F3 -.3(BA)144 642 S +(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F3(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)264 642 Q +F4(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F3 -.3(BA)144 654 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F3 +(])A F0(The v)264 654 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E F2(.)A +F3 -.3(BA)108 666 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 +(Expands to a string describing the v)144 678 Q (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(COMP_CW)108 -618 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 630 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E +690 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 702 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E F3(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 (ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 642 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 714 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 (db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F3(Pr)144 654 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(COMP_KEY)108 666 Q F0(The k)144 678 Q .3 --.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 --.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 -H(he current completion function.).1 E F3(COMP_LINE)108 690 Q F0 1.208 -(The current command line.)144 702 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.848(mands in)144 714 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 -(yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F3(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 726 Q(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) -142.895 E(11)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F3(Pr)144 726 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E +(11)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(COMP_POINT)108 84 Q F0 .667(The inde)144 96 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167 -(ft)-3.167 G .666(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.166(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666 -(ginning of the current command.)-.15 F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 +SF(COMP_KEY)108 84 Q F0(The k)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k) +.15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H +(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H +(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 108 Q F0 1.208 +(The current command line.)144 120 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F +2.848(mands in)144 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 +(yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(belo)144 144 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 156 Q F0 .667(The inde) +144 168 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167(ft)-3.167 G .666 +(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 +(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 +F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -108 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 120 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 +180 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 192 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 -F(in)144 132 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +F(in)144 204 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -144 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 156 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +216 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 228 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 168 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5 +-.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 240 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5 (TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2 (?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi) --2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 180 Q F0 4.091(,f)C +-2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 252 Q F0 4.091(,f)C 1.591(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092 (np)-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@) 4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w) --4.092 F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 192 R F2(%) +-4.092 F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 264 R F2(%) 4.053 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v) 6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 204 S 2.928 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 276 S 2.928 (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 (acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -216 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 228 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 -1.336(The set of characters that the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +288 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 300 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 +1.336(The set of characters that the)144 312 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G (adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 (ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) -144 252 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +144 324 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G -(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 264 Q F1(COMP_W)108 276 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .654(An array v)144 288 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E +(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 336 Q F1(COMP_W)108 348 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .654(An array v)144 360 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) --.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 300 R +-.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 372 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 (COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 -312 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 +384 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 (db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) -144 324 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 336 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) -144 348 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E +144 396 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 408 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) +144 420 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 360 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 372 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 384 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 432 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 444 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 456 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 396 R 3.594 +1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 468 R 3.594 (ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 -(members of this array v)144 408 R 1.432 +(members of this array v)144 480 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 420 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 492 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 432 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 504 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 444 Q F1(EUID)108 456 -Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)144 456 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 -H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 -(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 468 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 480 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 492 R .479 -(ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 -(The element with inde)144 504 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 -(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 -(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 516 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 -(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 -(tion is e)144 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.575 E F3(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.576 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F -(special properties, e)144 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 -558 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) -.3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 570 S(ME).2 E F0 -1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) -.3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 -(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 582 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G -2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A -F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) --2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 -(at line number)144 594 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 -(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G -1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 606 Q F1(GR)108 618 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 -(An array v)144 630 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ -ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E -.571(ments to)144 642 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 --.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3 -(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E -(subsequently reset.)144 654 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 666 Q F0 .356 -(The history number)144 678 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) --2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 -(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 -(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 690 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 516 Q F1(EPOCHREAL)108 +528 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .337(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) +144 540 R .338(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 +F(\(see)144 552 Q F2(time)2.917 E F0 .417 +(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .416 +(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.416(.A)-.65 G .416 +(ssignments to)-5.416 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.916 E(AL)144 564 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 +1.09(are ignored.)3.34 F(If)6.09 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E F0 +1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s)-3.591 E +(subsequently reset.)144 576 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 588 Q F0 .338 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 600 R .337 +(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 +612 Q F2(time)4.041 E F0 4.041(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(is unset, it)3.792 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 624 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 702 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 714 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(12)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(EUID)108 636 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 636 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 +-.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G +1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 648 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 660 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 672 R .479 +(ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 +(The element with inde)144 684 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 +(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 696 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 +(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076 +(tion is e)144 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.576 E F3(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.575 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F +(special properties, e)144 720 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(12)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(HOSTTYPE)108 84 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquel\ -y describes the type of machine on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 -.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 108 R(def) -2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 120 Q F0 1.408(Each\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .11(This v)144 84 +R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA) +2.611 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E +F0 5.111(.E)C .111(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 +96 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA) +3.904 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E +F0 1.404(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 108 R -.15(Fo) +5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G +.012(alled from the \214le)-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2 +($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184(at line number)144 120 R F1(${B)3.684 E +(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller) +3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G 1.183 +(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F(this information.)144 +132 Q F1(GR)108 144 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228(An array v)144 156 R 1.228(ar\ +iable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a memb\ +er)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E .572(ments to)144 168 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 +H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3(GR)3.072 E +(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.072(ni).15 G 3.071(fi)-3.072 G 3.071(ti)-3.071 G(s) +-3.071 E(subsequently reset.)144 180 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 192 Q F0 .355 +(The history number)144 204 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde) +-2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 +(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 +(HOSTN)108 228 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 240 Q F1 +(HOSTTYPE)108 252 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 264 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 +.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 276 R(def) +2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 288 Q F0 1.408(Each\ time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ -ber representing the)144 132 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ -arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 144 R .079 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 156 R .307 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its) -2.556 F(special properties, e)144 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5 -(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA) -108 180 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that full\ -y describes the system type on which)144 192 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899 -(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 -204 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE) -108 216 Q F0 .294(An array v)144 228 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)2.794 E F0(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F -.293(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 -(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 240 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 -(OLDPWD)108 252 Q F0(The pre)144 264 Q(vious w)-.25 E +ber representing the)144 300 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 312 R .078 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 324 R .306 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E +F3(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F +(special properties, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 348 Q +(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ +es the system type on which)144 360 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 372 Q F2 +(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 384 Q F0 .293 +(An array v)144 396 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0 +(belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 +(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 408 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 +(OLDPWD)108 420 Q F0(The pre)144 432 Q(vious w)-.25 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 276 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 288 R 1.627 +(OPT)108 444 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 456 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 -(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 300 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 312 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 324 R 4.152 -(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F -1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 336 +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 +(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 468 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 480 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 492 R 4.151 +(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F +1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 504 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 -348 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ -g system on which)144 360 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 372 Q(ault is system-dependent.) --.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 384 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 -396 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 -(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 -(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 408 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +516 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ +g system on which)144 528 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e)2.829 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 540 Q +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 552 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) +.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 564 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) +3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 +(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F +(the most-recently-e)144 576 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 -(PPID)108 420 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 420 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(PPID)108 588 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 588 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 432 Q F0(The current w)144 432 Q +F1(PWD)108 600 Q F0(The current w)144 600 Q (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 444 Q F0 .565 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 456 R .566 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 -(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 468 -R .01(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) -4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 480 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(RANDOM)108 612 Q F0 .566 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 624 R .565 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 +(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 636 +R .01(alue to)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) +4.51 E F3(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 648 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 492 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 504 R +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 660 Q F0 1.547(The contents of the)144 672 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 516 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(READLINE_POINT)108 528 Q F0 .314 -(The position of the insertion point in the)144 540 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G +1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F3 1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 684 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 696 Q F0 .313 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 708 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F5 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 -(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 552 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 564 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 576 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) --.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 588 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ -ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 600 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 612 R .712 -(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F4(,)A F0 .712(the v) -2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 -F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 624 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 636 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 648 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 660 S -.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) -5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 672 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F -F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 -(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E -3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 684 R F2 -(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F F3(on)2.749 E F0 -(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G -.019(his v)-2.519 F .019(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E -(when)144 696 Q F1(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in\ - the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642 -(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 708 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E -(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(13)192.055 E 0 -Cg EP +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F5 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F3 +(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 720 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(13) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(SHL)108 84 Q(VL)-.92 E F0 -(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 96 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 108 Q F0 -(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 108 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G +SF(REPL)108 84 Q(Y)-.92 E F0(Set to the line of input read by the)144 96 +Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 +E(guments are supplied.)-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 108 Q F0 .795(Each time t\ +his parameter is referenced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 +120 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 132 R +.712(alue is assigned to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SECONDS)3.212 E/F3 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .712(the v)2.962 F .712 +(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .408 +(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 144 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 156 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 168 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 180 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) +5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 192 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F +F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.173 +(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E +3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 204 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02 +(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 216 Q F1(bash) +3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 +F(This v)144 228 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 240 Q +(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 252 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 264 Q F0 +(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 264 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 124.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 280.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 136.8 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 153.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 -1.192(The v)144 165.6 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F -3.692(sc)-.55 G 1.193(ompatibility le)-3.692 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.693 -(l. See).15 F 1.193(the description of the)3.693 F F1(shopt)3.693 E F0 --.2(bu)3.693 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 177.6 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E -F1 .372(SHELL B)2.872 F(UIL)-.1 E .372(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 -(for a description of the v)2.872 F .371(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -(v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 189.6 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 -(va)2.86 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 -F .361(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.751 -(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.75 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 292.8 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 309.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 +1.193(The v)144 321.6 R 1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F +3.693(sc)-.55 G 1.192(ompatibility le)-3.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.692 +(l. See).15 F 1.192(the description of the)3.692 F F1(shopt)3.692 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.692 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 333.6 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E +F1 .371(SHELL B)2.871 F(UIL)-.1 E .371(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 +(for a description of the v)2.872 F .372(arious compatibility le)-.25 F +(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 345.6 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F +-.25(va)2.861 G .361 +(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36 +(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.75 +(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 357.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.751 (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) -144 213.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 +144 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) -4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 225.6 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) --.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248 -(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.119 -(sets the compatibility le)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G -3.619(ot)-3.619 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 -F 3.62(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.62 G 1.12(lid compatibility le).25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .576 -(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 249.6 R F1 -(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.075 G .575(iltin described belo).2 F 3.075 -(w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 261.6 Q F1 +4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 381.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) +-.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .249 +(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.12 +(sets the compatibility le)144 393.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt).15 G +3.619(ot)-3.62 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 +F 3.619(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.619 G 1.119(lid compatibility le) +.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .575 +(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 405.6 R F1 +(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.076 G .576(iltin described belo).2 F 3.076 +(w\()-.25 G .576(for e)-3.076 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 417.6 Q F1 (compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5 (alues\). The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v) --.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 273.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 -(If this parameter is set when)144 285.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) -3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 297.6 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354 -(he v)-5.354 F .354(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.854 G -(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected)2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 309.6 -R .525(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 321.6 Q -F3 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 429.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506 +(If this parameter is set when)144 441.6 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e) +3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 453.6 R F4 +(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355(he v)-5.355 F .355 +(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.855 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected) +2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 465.6 R .525 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 477.6 Q +F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 333.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 345.6 -R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 -F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F -(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 357.6 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) +108 489.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 501.6 +R .48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 +F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 513.6 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) 5.614 F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T) --.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 -369.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne) -2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 +-.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F2 -.27(BA)144 +525.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne) +2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F2 -.27(BA)2.638 G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the \ empty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error) -144 381.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F3 -.27(BA) -144 393.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error\ - \214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F -(standard error being closed.)144 405.6 Q F1(CDP)108 417.6 Q -.95(AT) --.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 429.6 R F1(cd)3.747 -E F0 3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 -(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 -(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 441.6 R -F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 -(alue is)-.25 F F4(".:~:/usr")144 453.6 Q F0(.)A F1(CHILD_MAX)108 465.6 -Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 477.6 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 +144 537.6 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53(ote that setting)-7.53 F F2 -.27(BA)144 +549.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \ +\214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.99 F +(standard error being closed.)144 561.6 Q F1(CDP)108 573.6 Q -.95(AT) +-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144 585.6 R F1(cd)3.748 +E F0 3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 +(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 +(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 597.6 R +F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 +(alue is)-.25 F F5(".:~:/usr")144 609.6 Q F0(.)A F1(CHILD_MAX)108 621.6 +Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 633.6 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 F .997(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F 5.997(.B)-.55 G .997 -(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.498 E -.25(va)144 -489.6 S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 -(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.077 -(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 501.6 Q +(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.497(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.497 E -.25(va)144 +645.6 S 1.077(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 +(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.078 +(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 657.6 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.)-.25 E -F1(COLUMNS)108 513.6 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 525.6 R F1(select)3.328 E -F0 .829(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing \ -selection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 537.6 R 2.007 -(set if the)4.507 F F1(checkwinsize)4.507 E F0 2.006 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.507 F 2.306 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 549.6 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 561.6 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847 -(An array v)144 573.6 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E -F0 .848(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function) -3.348 F(in)144 585.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt) --2.785 G .285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see) --.1 F F1(Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E -2.785(w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.) -144 597.6 Q F1(EMA)108 609.6 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 621.6 Q F1(bash)2.535 -E F0 .035(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.536 E -F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F -(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 633.6 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 645.6 Q F0(Similar to) -144 645.6 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F5(;)A F0 -(used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 657.6 Q F0 2.717(Ac) -144 669.6 S .217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F1 --.1(Pa)2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C -.216(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 -(ignored by command search using)144 681.6 R F1 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 -E F0 5.116(.F)C .117 -(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 -(are not considered e)144 693.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 -(cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 705.6 S(TH)-.21 E F0 -2.908(lookup. 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If).2 F .673(this v) +3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 228 R +2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 240 Q +F1(HOME)108 252 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 264 R 1.27(ault ar) -.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 108 S(lue of this v).25 E +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 276 S(lue of this v).25 E (ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(HOSTFILE)108 120 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 132 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015 -(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .551 -(needs to complete a hostname.)144 144 R .551 +(HOSTFILE)108 288 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 300 R F4 +(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F +.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 312 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 156 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 168 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) --2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138 -(alue, or)-.25 F .517(does not name a readable \214le,)144 180 R F1 -(bash)3.017 E F0 .517(attempts to read)3.017 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 -.518(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 -192 Q(When)5 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0 -(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E F1(IFS)108 204 Q F0(The) -144 204 Q F2 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E -F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555 -(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 216 S(rds with the) -.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E -(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 228 Q F0 .503 -(Controls the action of an interacti)144 240 R .803 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) -144 252 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 324 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 336 Q F0 .138 +(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +-2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 +.138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F .518 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 348 R F1(bash)3.018 E F0 .518 +(attempts to read)3.018 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517 +(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 360 +Q(When)5 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) +2.25 E F1(IFS)108 372 Q F0(The)144 372 Q F4 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 +(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556 +(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 +F -.1(wo)144 384 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E +(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 396 Q +F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 408 R .803 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) +144 420 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 -(on an input line before)144 264 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 +(on an input line before)144 432 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 276 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 444 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E -F3(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 288 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 300 R F1 -.18(re) +F2(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 +(INPUTRC)108 456 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 468 R F1 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F3(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 312 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F1(LANG)108 324 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 324 R -1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 +1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F2(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 480 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F1(LANG)108 492 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)144 492 R +1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 336 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 348 Q F0 .974 -(This v)144 360 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 -(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F3(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) +(starting with)144 504 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 516 Q F0 .973 +(This v)144 528 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 +(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F2(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) 3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G -.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 372 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -(LC_COLLA)108 384 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 396 R .412(ariable det\ +.974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 540 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 552 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 564 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 408 R 1.465 -(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 -420 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 432 Q F0 -1.935(This v)144 444 R 1.936 +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 576 R 1.464 +(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 +588 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 600 Q F0 +1.936(This v)144 612 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 456 Q -(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 468 Q(GES)-.55 E -F0(This v)144 480 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ +1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 624 Q +(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 636 Q(GES)-.55 E +F0(This v)144 648 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) -108 492 Q F0(This v)144 504 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 516 Q F0(This v) -144 528 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 540 Q F0 -.055(Used by the)144 540 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ -o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 -(Automatically set if the)144 552 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 -(hell upon receipt of a).15 F F3(SIGWINCH)144 564 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 576 Q F0 1.201 -(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 576 -R F3(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 -(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 -(informs the user of the arri)144 588 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 -(fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 600 Q F0 .098 -(Speci\214es ho)144 612 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) -5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 -(to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 624 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F -(or set to a v)144 636 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ -l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 648 Q --.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 660 S .49 -(olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49 -(ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri) -144 672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ -\214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\ - with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 684 Q(xt of the message,) --.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 -(MAILP)144 696 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) --.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 708 Q F0 .015 -(can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015 -(alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 -(alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ -ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 720 Q -(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 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-.15(ex)2.5 G +(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F3 +(MAILP)144 216 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) +-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F3(Bash)144 228 Q F0 .015 +(can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015 +(alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 +(alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ +ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 240 Q +(ar/mail/)-.25 E F3($USER)A F0(\).)A F3(OPTERR)108 252 Q F0 .389 +(If set to the v)144 264 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F F3(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 +(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F3(getopts)2.89 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .36(SHELL B)144 276 R(UIL) +-.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTERR) +5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 288 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3 -.74(PA)108 300 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 +(The search path for commands.)144 300 R .588 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 144 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 156 S -.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 168 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F(administrator who installs)144 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C -(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF -(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 192 Q -F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 204 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 216 R -.471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 -E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 -(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 -(the startup \214les, as if the)144 228 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 +5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 312 R F1 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 324 S +.535(lue of).25 F F1 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 336 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +-.1 F(administrator who installs)144 348 Q F3(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C +(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 360 Q +F0(.)A F3(POSIXL)108 372 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 384 R +.472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F3(bash)2.971 +E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .471 +(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011 +(the startup \214les, as if the)144 396 R F3(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 -(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 240 Q F1(bash)2.5 -E F0(enables)2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F3(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 252 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 -(If set, the v)144 264 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR) -108 276 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 -(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 288 R .676 +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 408 Q F3(bash)2.5 +E F0(enables)2.5 E F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) +-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F4(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(PR)108 420 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 432 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F3(PR) +108 444 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 +(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 456 R .676 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 -(nents to retain when e)144 300 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 -E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E -(Characters remo)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 324 Q F0 1.174(The v) -144 324 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) --.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 +(nents to retain when e)144 468 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F3(\\w)3.423 +E F0(and)3.423 E F3(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) +3.423 F F1(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E +(Characters remo)144 480 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F3(PS0)108 492 Q F0 1.174(The v) +144 492 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) +-.15 F F1(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 336 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 348 Q F0 .065(The v)144 348 R -.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) +(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 504 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(PS1)108 516 Q F0 .064(The v)144 516 R +.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F1(PR) 2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 360 R -(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 372 Q F0 .117(The v)144 372 R .117 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) -5.118 E(def)144 384 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 396 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 396 R 1.115 -(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) -144 408 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 420 Q F0 .1 -(The v)144 420 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 432 Q F0 .292 -(displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F -.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291 -(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 444 Q 2.5(,t) +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 528 R +(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F3(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F3(PS2)108 540 Q F0 .118(The v)144 540 R .118 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F1(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) +5.117 E(def)144 552 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F3(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F3(PS3)108 564 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 564 R 1.115 +(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F3(select) +3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F1 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) +144 576 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F3(PS4)108 588 Q F0 +.101(The v)144 588 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F1(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F3(bash)144 600 Q F0 .291 +(displays during an e)2.791 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F +.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F1(PS4)2.792 E F0 .292 +(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 612 Q 2.5(,t) -.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 456 Q F0 .663 -(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 468 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F -.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664 -(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 480 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F3(+)A F0 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F3(SHELL)108 624 Q F0 .664 +(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 636 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F +.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663 +(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 648 Q F3(bash)2.5 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 492 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 -504 R .826 +G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F3(TIMEFORMA)108 660 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 +672 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 516 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 -(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 528 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 540 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 558 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)194 558 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 570 Q F4(p)A F1 -(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 570 Q F1(%[)144 582 Q F4(p) -A F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 582 Q -F1(%[)144 594 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 594 Q F1(%P)144 606 -Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 606 Q .87 -(The optional)144 622.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) -3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) -144 634.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 646.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F4 -(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E -F4(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 658.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 675.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 -.668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 687.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 -(If this v)144 704.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) -144 716.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 -(.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 -(alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 -728.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E -(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(17)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 684 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F3(time)3.149 E F0 +(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.648 E F3(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +(an escape sequence that is e)144 696 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +(and their meanings are as follo)144 708 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(17)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(TMOUT)108 84 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 96 R .941 -(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 -.941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 --.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 108 Q F1 -(select)2.811 E F0 .311(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 -F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31 -(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 120 R -.885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 -F .886(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 -132 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F -F1(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that) --.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 -144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 156 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 168 -R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 180 Q 2.5(su)-.55 -G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 192 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 204 R -.531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 -(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 216 R +SF(%%)144 84 Q F0 2.5(Al)194 84 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[) +144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0 +(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 96 Q F1(%[)144 108 Q F2(p)A F1(][l]U)A +F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 108 Q F1(%[)144 120 +Q F2(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.) +194 120 Q F1(%P)144 132 Q F0 +(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 132 Q .87 +(The optional)144 148.8 R F2(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +3.37 F F2(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) +144 160.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 172.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F2 +(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E +F2(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 184.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 201.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 +.668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F +F2(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 213.6 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 +(If this v)144 230.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +144 242.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 +(.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 +(alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 +254.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E +(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108 +266.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 278.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def) +3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 290.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F3(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F +.886(ing from a terminal.)144 302.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 +(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 314.4 +S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 +(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 +F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 326.4 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 338.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 350.4 +R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 362.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55 +G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 374.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 386.4 +R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 398.4 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 228 S .367(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F -1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -240 R(The)6.125 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.125 -(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 252 Q 1.133 + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 410.4 S .366(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F +1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +422.4 R(The)6.125 E F2(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 434.4 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 -(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 264 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 276 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 288 Q F1(%?)3.333 E F0 -.833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E -F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 300 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 312 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(histchars)108 324 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 336 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) --4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 348 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G -1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 360 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 -(second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 372 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239 -(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 384 R .575(The def)5.575 -F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 -(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 +(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 446.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) +-.15 F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 458.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +-5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 470.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E +F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F3 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 482.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 494.4 Q(.)-.55 +E F1(histchars)108 506.4 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 518.4 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57 +(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 530.4 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216 +(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G +1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) +144 542.4 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B +.798(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 554.4 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G +.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 566.4 R .575(The def) +5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 +(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 396 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 408 R 1.293 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 -(skipped for the remaining w)144 420 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 -(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 432 Q F1(Arrays)87 448.8 Q(Bash) -108 460.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 -(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 472.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.328(an array)108 484.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 -(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 496.8 R +char)144 578.4 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 590.4 R 1.294 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F +.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 602.4 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 +F .38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 614.4 Q F1(Arrays)87 631.2 Q +(Bash)108 643.2 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G +.89(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 655.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.329(an array)108 667.2 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 679.2 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 -508.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +691.2 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 525.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F3(name)4.963 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 537.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A -F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F3(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549 -(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348 -E -.15(ex)108 549.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 -E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.98 -(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 561.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 -E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3 -(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 578.4 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 595.2 Q .941 -(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) --.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 -.18(re)3.44 G -(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute) --.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 607.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 624 R -F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) --4.148 F F3(value)108 636 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F3 -(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 -(When assigning to inde)108 648 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 -(rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 -(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 660 R -3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 672 Q -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 688.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) --2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 705.6 R F1(declar) -2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 -717.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 -(hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) -4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 729.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(18)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 720 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 +6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F2(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 +E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(18)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(of)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 --.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S +1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.48(da).15 G(rray) +-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)4.48 E +4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.48 E F0(\(see) +4.48 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 96 Q 2.5 +<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0 +(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E +(Associati)108 112.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E +F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 +129.6 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 +(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 +-.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F +(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 141.6 Q +(.)-.65 E 1.647 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 158.4 +R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) +-4.147 F F2(value)108 170.4 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F2 +(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +(When assigning to inde)108 182.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 +(rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 +(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 194.4 R +3.91(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.911 F(Inde)108 206.4 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 223.2 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) +-2.5 E .24(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 240 R F1(declar)2.74 +E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 +252 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) +4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 264 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +(of)108 276 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 -.15 +(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 -G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 96 Q(An)108 112.8 Q -3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.575 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 124.8 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1 -(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)4.041 E F0(or) -4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F -1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 136.8 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 148.8 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B -.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 288 Q(An)108 304.8 Q +3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.576 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 +(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 +(con\215icts with pathname e)108 316.8 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 +(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E +F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 +(These subscripts dif)108 328.8 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 340.8 Q F2(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B +.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 160.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 -(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 -([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 -(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 -(there are no array members, ${)108 172.8 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B -2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F -2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 184.8 R .759 -(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 +1.375(of the)108 352.8 R F3(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 +(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 +(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) +3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 +364.8 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F +2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759 +(within a w)108 376.8 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 -196.8 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 208.8 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 -F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 -(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 220.8 -S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A -F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F2(*)3.386 E F0(or) -3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 232.8 -R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 +388.8 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 +F .228(to the e)108 400.8 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 +(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 412.8 +S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A +F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) +3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 424.8 +R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F2(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 -(luates to a number).25 F .629 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 244.8 R .929 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G -3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(indices count back from the end of the array)108 256.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G +2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 +(luates to a number).25 F .628 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 436.8 R .928 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G +3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(indices count back from the end of the array)108 448.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 -273.6 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G +465.6 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .595(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An) -108 285.6 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 -E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E -F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 302.4 +108 477.6 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 +E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F1(bash)2.5 E +F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 494.4 Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 319.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 -(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 331.2 S .749 -(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 +.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 511.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F1 +(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 523.2 S .75 +(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name) +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 -343.2 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 360 Q F2(unset)2.767 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G -(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A +535.2 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 552 Q F1(unset)2.766 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G +(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 372 Q F0 6.318(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) --6.318 H(ti).15 E 1.618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.318(ubscripts to inde).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.818(da).15 G 1.319 -(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.818 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.319 -(.C).15 G 1.319(are must be tak)-6.319 F 1.319(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 -384 S .298(id unw).2 F .298(anted side ef)-.1 F .298 -(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.298 E F1 -(name)2.797 E F0 2.797(,w)C(here)-2.797 E F1(name)2.797 E F0 .297 -(is an array)2.797 F 2.797(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.797 E F2(unset)2.797 E F1 -(name)108 396 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E -F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E +-.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 564 Q F0 6.319(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) +-6.319 H(ti).15 E 1.619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.319(ubscripts to inde).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.819(da).15 G 1.319 +(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.819 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.318 +(.C).15 G 1.318(are must be tak)-6.318 F 1.318(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 +576 S .297(id unw).2 F .297(anted side ef)-.1 F .297 +(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(unset)5.297 E F2 +(name)2.798 E F0 2.798(,w)C(here)-2.798 E F2(name)2.798 E F0 .298 +(is an array)2.798 F 2.798(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.798 E F1(unset)2.798 E F2 +(name)108 588 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E +F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 -412.8 Q F2(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C -(nd)-3.573 E F2 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073 -(iltins each accept a).2 F F23.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 -(rray and a)-3.574 F F23.574 E F0 .339 -(option to specify an associati)108 424.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) +604.8 Q F1(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C +(nd)-3.574 E F1 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073 +(iltins each accept a).2 F F13.573 E F0 1.073 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 +(rray and a)-3.573 F F13.573 E F0 .338 +(option to specify an associati)108 616.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) --2.838 F F22.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 -(accepts a)108 436.8 R F22.941 E F0 .441 +-2.838 F F12.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) +5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 +(accepts a)108 628.8 R F12.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 448.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 640.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 465.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 477.6 R 3.26 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 657.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ +rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 669.6 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 -(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) -2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 -(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 501.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) -2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .419(The order of e)108 518.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 -(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 530.4 S -.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 542.4 Q .257 -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 559.2 R -.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 -E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 571.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G -(ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .002(After these e)108 588 R .003 -(xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 -(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 600 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 616.8 R 1.487(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487 -(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 -(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 628.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F -1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 640.8 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") --2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G -(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 657.6 -Q F1(Br)108.58 669.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 -(is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 681.6 Q F1 .415 -(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 -(ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F -.415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 693.6 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) --.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 -(wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 705.6 R -.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G -.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 -(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 717.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(19)192.055 E -0 Cg EP +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 681.6 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br) +2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e) +2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)2.869 E .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369 +(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 693.6 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e) +2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 +E .418(The order of e)108 710.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 +(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 722.4 S +2.675(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 +F 2.675(ashion\); w)-.1 F 2.675(ord splitting; and pathname)-.1 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(19)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .718(Brace e)108 -84 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e) -5.719 F .719(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 -F(preserv)108 96 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF({)A F0(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C -(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)108 112.8 S .743(equence e) --3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A -F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y)3.242 E F0 -.742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and) -108 124.8 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532 -(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532 -(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 -136.8 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) --2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077 -(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 -(same width.)108 148.8 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or) -2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S +(pansion.).15 E .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 100.8 R +.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(pr)2.757 E .257(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257 +(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 E +(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 112.8 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +(ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) +-.15 E .003(After these e)108 129.6 R .003 +(xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) +-.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 +(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 141.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 +E F0(\).)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 158.4 R 1.486(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486 +(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 +(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 +(ex)108 170.4 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F +1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 182.4 S(pansions of ").15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($@) +A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ")-2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5 +(se)-2.5 G(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 199.2 Q F1(Br)108.58 211.2 Q .606(ace e) +-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +(is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 223.2 Q F1 .415 +(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 +(ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F +.415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 235.2 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) +-.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 +(wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 247.2 R +.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G +.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 +(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ +ch resulting string, e)108 259.2 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 271.2 Q .719(Brace e)108 288 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F +.719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) +108 300 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0(d,c,b) +A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As)108 +316.8 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 +(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.242 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A +F2(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F1(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F1(y) +3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 328.8 Q F1(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G +.532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G +.532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 +(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 +340.8 R F1(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F1(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .078 +(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 +(same width.)108 352.8 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or) +2.515 E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 160.8 R +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 364.8 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 172.8 S 1.064(pands to each character le) -.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E -F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 -(that both)108 184.8 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 376.8 S 1.064(pands to each character le) +.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E +F1(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 +(that both)108 388.8 R F1(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F1(y)3.483 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) --.25 E(between each term.)108 196.8 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 213.6 -R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 225.6 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 237.6 Q +-.25 E(between each term.)108 400.8 Q(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 417.6 +R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 +(are preserv)108 429.6 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 441.6 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 254.4 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 458.4 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 266.4 R 3.441 +t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 470.4 R 3.441 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 278.4 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(unchanged. A)108 482.4 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 -(sion. T)108 290.4 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 +(sion. T)108 494.4 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 302.4 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ -as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 319.2 R(longer than in the abo)108 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H -(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 348 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G -(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 360 Q(cho)144 372 Q +F2(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 506.4 Q +(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F2(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ +ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ +gs to be generated is)108 523.2 R(longer than in the abo)108 535.2 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 552 +Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 564 Q(cho)144 576 Q (wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) --.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 388.8 R .618 +-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 592.8 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 400.8 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 412.8 Q -.15 +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 604.8 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 616.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 -(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 424.8 Q F0 .514 -(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) -3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 -(If strict compatibility with)108 436.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 -(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 448.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 465.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 477.6 R 1.086(ord be) --.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 -1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ -slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ -ed a)108 489.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 -(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ -\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 501.6 R -.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 513.6 Q -.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 628.8 Q F0 .515 +(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) +3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 +(If strict compatibility with)108 640.8 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 652.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 +(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 669.6 S +(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 681.6 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F +1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086 +('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ + \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) +108 693.6 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 705.6 R .725 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 717.6 Q .522 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 525.6 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ -ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 537.6 Q .093 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 554.4 R .092 -(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 566.4 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 -(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 578.4 R F2(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ -ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -590.4 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 602.4 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 -(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F -(consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 614.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 648 R .167 -(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) --.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.468(these cases, tilde e)108 660 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 -(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 672 -Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 -(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E -F1 -.1(Pa)87 688.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)108 700.8 R -F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F -1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 712.8 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 724.8 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(20)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 729.6 Q F4 +(.)A F0(If)6.736 E F3(HOME)4.736 E F0 2.236 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)4.486 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.236 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(20)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(of the name.)108 -84 Q 1.19 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Otherwise, the ti\ +lde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated with the sp\ +eci\214ed login name.)108 84 Q .092 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 100.8 R .092 +(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PWD) +2.592 E F0 .092(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is)5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 112.8 S .904 +(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E +F1(OLDPWD)3.404 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .904 +(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 124.8 R/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(N)4.141 E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x) +-4.142 F 1.642(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F +1.438(replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack,\ + as it w)108 136.8 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F/F4 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu)108 148.8 S .454(iltin in).2 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G .454 +(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F .454 +(the characters follo)2.954 F .455(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x) +-.25 F +(consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) +108 160.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 177.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 194.4 R .167 +(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) +-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F4(:)2.667 E +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F4(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.467(these cases, tilde e)108 206.4 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 +(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 +218.4 Q F1 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F2(,)A F1(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F2(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F1(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F2(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E +(alue.)-.25 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 235.2 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606 +(The `)108 247.2 R F4($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 259.2 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 271.2 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 +283.2 Q 1.189 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 112.8 R 2.15 -(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 124.8 S -(pansion.).15 E(${)108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F0(})A 1.205(The v)144 153.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 165.6 R F2(par)4.014 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 177.6 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) -5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 189.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) -C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 206.4 R F2(par)2.846 E +300 R F4(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 +312 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex) +108 324 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 340.8 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A +1.204(The v)144 352.8 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)3.704 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204(The braces are required when) +6.204 F F3(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.205(is a positional)4.435 F +.264(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 364.8 R F3(par) +4.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 376.8 R(The)7.677 E F3(par) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F4 -.74(PA)144 388.8 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) +C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F4(Arrays)A F0 +(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 405.6 R F3(par)2.846 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F -F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G -(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.635(al)108 218.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.635 H 2.635 -(lo).25 G 2.635(fv)-2.635 G .135(ariable indirection.)-2.885 F F1(Bash) +F4(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F3(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) +2.846 F F3(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G +(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.634(al)108 417.6 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634 +(lo).25 G 2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F4(Bash) 5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.134(as the)2.634 F 1.003(name of the v)108 230.4 R 1.003 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F3(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 429.6 R 1.003 (ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 (xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 -(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .595 -(rather than the v)108 242.4 R .595(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.095 E +(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .594 +(rather than the v)108 441.6 R .594(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)3.094 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 3.095(itself. This)3.095 F .595(is kno)3.095 F .595 -(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.594 -(.I)C(f)-5.594 E F2(par)3.094 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .594(is a nameref,) -3.094 F .477(this e)108 254.4 R .477(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F -.477(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(par)2.978 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .478 -(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.978 F 2.164(rect e)108 266.4 +(wn as)-.25 F F3(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.595 +(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F3(par)3.095 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .595(is a nameref,) +3.095 F .478(this e)108 453.6 R .478(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F +.478(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F3(par)2.977 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .477 +(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.977 F 2.163(rect e)108 465.6 R 4.663(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.663 G 2.163 -(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.163(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 4.663(}a)C 2.163(nd ${)-4.663 F F1(!)A F2 -(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 2.163(]} described)B(belo)108 278.4 Q 3.8 -.65 +(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.163(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F4(!)A F3 +(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F4(*)A F0 4.663(}a)C 2.163(nd ${)-4.663 F F4(!)A F3 +(name)A F0([)A F3(@)A F0 2.164(]} described)B(belo)108 477.6 Q 3.8 -.65 (w. T)-.25 H(he e).65 E(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E -.334(In each of the cases belo)108 295.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E +.334(In each of the cases belo)108 494.4 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F3(wor)3.484 E (d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 307.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 -(When not performing substring e)108 324 R 1.089 +F(and arithmetic e)108 506.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089 +(When not performing substring e)108 523.2 R 1.089 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E F1(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 -(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 336 Q(Omittin\ -g the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E -(${)108 352.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) -A F1 .722(Use Default V)144 364.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 -E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F -.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) -3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 376.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 -(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 388.8 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.005 -(Assign Default V)144 400.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F2 -(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F -2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 -(is assigned to)5.274 F F2(par)144 412.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 -G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 +(e.g.,)-3.589 E F4(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F4(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 +(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 535.2 Q(Omitti\ +ng the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(${)108 552 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F4<3aad>A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F4 .723(Use Default V)144 564 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F3 +(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 576 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 588 Q F3(par) +A(ameter)-.15 E F4(:=)A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F4 2.004 +(Assign Default V)144 600 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F3 +(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F +2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 +(is assigned to)5.275 F F3(par)144 612 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 G +.279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 424.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 436.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F1 .535(Display Err)144 448.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 -(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 -(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 460.8 R -.661(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F -(interacti)144 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) --2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 484.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 496.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F -(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 624 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) +108 636 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F4(:?)A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F4 +.535(Display Err)144 648 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C +(f)-5.535 E F3(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 +(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.035 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 660 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F3(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F +(interacti)144 672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 684 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F4(:+)A F3 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F4 .745(Use Alter)144 696 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F3(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 508.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 520.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 532.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 544.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 -E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 -(character speci\214ed by)144 556.8 R F2(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 -(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E -F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F1(*) -3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 568.8 Q -1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 -(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 -(substring of the v)144 580.8 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.543 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F -F2(of)2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the) --.15 F .846(end of the v)144 592.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 -(and)3.346 E F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F -.847(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.347 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 604.8 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 628.8 Q F2(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 -G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 -(alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.045(end of the v)144 640.8 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G -.046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 652.8 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 664.8 R -.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 676.8 Q -.2 -(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 700.8 Q F2(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 -E F1(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F2(length)2.959 -E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of) -2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 712.8 R .095 -(en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 -(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 -G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) -.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .096(luates to).25 F 1.322 -(the last positional parameter)144 724.8 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti) --6.322 G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if) --3.972 F F2(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(21)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 708 Q F3(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E +(21)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(zero.)144 84 Q(If) -144 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514 -(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514 -(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F1(length) -3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 120 R 1.082 -(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 -E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 -(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F -1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079 -(than the maximum inde)144 132 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079 -(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 -(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length) -3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.) -144 144 Q(Substring e)144 168 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931 -(Substring inde)144 192 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positiona\ -l parameters are used, in which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 204 Q .306 -(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .307(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.807 E F0 .307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E -(to the list.)144 216 Q(${)108 232.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 -(*)A F0(})A(${)108 244.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 -.085(Names matching pr)144 256.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) --2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 268.8 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F -.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 280.8 Q -(ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -297.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 309.6 Q F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 321.6 R(eys) --.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) -4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 -(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.595(assigned in)144 333.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1 -(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 345.6 Q F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:)A F1(of)A +(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1(of)A +(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion)144 +108 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E F0 +.002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 +(character speci\214ed by)144 120 R F1(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 +(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E +F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F2(*) +3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 132 Q +1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 +(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 +(substring of the v)144 144 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F1(of) +2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F +.847(end of the v)144 156 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 +E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 168 Q(w\).)-.25 E +(If)144 192 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 +(alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F +.046(end of the v)144 204 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G +.046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F +(of)144 216 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 228 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 240 Q -.2(vo) +-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 264 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 E +F2(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1(length)2.959 E +F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) +2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .096(is tak)144 276 R .096 +(en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 +(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 +G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) +.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .095(luates to).25 F 1.321 +(the last positional parameter)144 288 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti)-6.322 +G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if)-3.972 F +F1(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 +(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 300 Q(If)144 324 Q F1(par) +3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 +(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 +F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 +336 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A +(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082 +(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater) +-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 348 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft) +-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) +-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if) +-3.729 F F1(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F +(number less than zero.)144 360 Q(Substring e)144 384 Q +(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 408 R +1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in \ +which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 420 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F +2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F2($0)2.806 E F0 +.306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 432 Q(${)108 448.8 Q +F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 460.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A +(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084(Names matching pr)144 472.8 R +(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084 +(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 484.8 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0 +.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257 +(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F +(within double quotes, each v)144 496.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 513.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) +A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 525.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 +(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 537.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f) +-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036 +(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .596(assigned in)144 549.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 +5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F1(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F +3.095(,e)-.65 G .595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 561.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -362.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 374.4 S .471 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 -(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par) -4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 386.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) -3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +578.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 590.4 S .47 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) +-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 +(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 +602.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 +(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 -(array name subscripted by)144 398.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) +6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 +(array name subscripted by)144 614.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F1(par)145.25 410.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 -(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 422.4 R 1.273 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 434.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 451.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 463.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 475.2 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F1(par)145.25 626.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 638.4 R 1.272 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +144 650.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 +G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 667.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 679.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 691.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.152(name e)144 487.2 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 +.151(name e)144 703.2 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 (the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151 -(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 499.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152 +(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 715.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) -.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2 (#)A F0 -.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `) -144 511.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) +144 727.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) .74 F(If)5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E -F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo) -144 523.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 535.2 R -(If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F -.401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) -2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E -(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 547.2 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 564 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 576 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 588 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H -.146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1 -(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 600 -S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 -(the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) --.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 -G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 612 R .226 -(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 624 S F2 -(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 -(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 -1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 -2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 636 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 -(lo).25 G .441 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 648 R(If) -5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E -F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G -(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E -(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 660 -Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 676.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 688.8 -S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 -E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 700.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 -(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 712.8 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 -E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 -2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 -(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 -(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 724.8 R -(If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) -3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 -F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(22)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(22)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S -.62(lue of).25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)3.12 E F0 3.12(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621 -(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621(xpanded v)-.15 F .621 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 96 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E -F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of)3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 -E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/)3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E -(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be)3.753 F 2.731 -(omitted. If)144 108 R(the)2.731 E F2(nocasematch)2.731 E F0 .231 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.731 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .232(rd to the).05 F .188(case of alphabetic characters.)144 -120 R(If)5.188 E F1(par)3.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.418 E F2(@)2.688 E -F0(or)2.688 E F2(*)2.687 E F0 2.687(,t)C .187 -(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.687 F .445 -(positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 132 R .446 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.446 E F1(par)4.196 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .446(is an array v)3.676 F(ari-)-.25 E .463 -(able subscripted with)144 144 R F2(@)2.963 E F0(or)2.963 E F2(*)2.963 E -F0 2.963(,t)C .462 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remo)144 84 Q -.25 +(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 +(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 96 R(If) +5.401 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401 +(is an array v)3.631 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*)2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402 +(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902(lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 +E(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 108 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 124.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 136.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 148.8 Q .347 -.1 +(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.147(.T)C(he) +-5.147 E F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 +160.8 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 +(the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) +-.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 +G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 172.8 R .226 +(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 +(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 184.8 S F2 +(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74('' c)D .042 +(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 +1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.542 E F0(or)2.542 E F2(*)2.542 E F0 +2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441(pattern remo)144 196.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G +2.941(lo).25 G .441 +(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) +-2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 208.8 R(If) +5.24 E F1(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F2(*)2.741 E +F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 +G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E +(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 +220.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 237.6 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa) +144 249.6 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C +(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion.)144 261.6 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 +(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 273.6 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f) +-5.161 E F1(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F2(/) +2.661 E F0 2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 +.16(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 +(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 285.6 R +(If)5.806 E F1(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) +3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 +F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 297.6 S .621 +(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F1 +(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.121 E F0 +3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F +.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 309.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F1(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) +3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) +3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) +3.754 F 2.732(omitted. If)144 321.6 R(the)2.732 E F2(nocasematch)2.732 E +F0 .231(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.732 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G .231(rd to the).05 F .187 +(case of alphabetic characters.)144 333.6 R(If)5.187 E F1(par)3.937 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.417 E F2(@)2.687 E F0(or)2.687 E F2(*)2.688 E F0 +2.688(,t)C .188(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.688 F +.446(positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 345.6 R .446 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.445 E F1(par)4.195 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .445(is an array v)3.675 F(ari-)-.25 E .462 +(able subscripted with)144 357.6 R F2(@)2.962 E F0(or)2.962 E F2(*)2.962 +E F0 2.962(,t)C .463 (he substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in) --2.963 F(turn, and the e)144 156 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 -E(${)108 172.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${) -108 184.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 -196.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 208.8 Q -F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437 -(Case modi\214cation)144 220.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +-2.962 F(turn, and the e)144 369.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.) +-.15 E(${)108 386.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A +(${)108 398.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${) +108 410.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 +422.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438 +(Case modi\214cation)144 434.4 R F0 5.438(.T)C .438(his e)-5.438 F .437 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 232.8 Q -F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 244.8 -S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 446.4 Q +F0 1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 458.4 +S 1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 -256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 +470.4 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F 5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F --.15(ve)144 268.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F +-.15(ve)144 482.4 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 280.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E +1.547(letters to lo)144 494.4 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 292.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 -E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 304.8 Q F0 .78 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 506.4 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 +E F2(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 518.4 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ -n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 316.8 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 328.8 R(If)5.469 E F1 +n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 530.4 R +(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 542.4 R(If)5.468 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E -F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ -ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 340.8 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 357.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 369.6 S .86 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.969 E +F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ +ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 554.4 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 571.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 583.2 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 381.6 R F1 -(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 -E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -393.6 Q F2(Q)144 417.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 417.6 R 1.064 +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 595.2 R F1 +(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 +E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 +607.2 Q F2(Q)144 631.2 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 631.2 R 1.065 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 429.6 Q F2(E)144 441.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 441.6 R +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 643.2 Q F2(E)144 655.2 Q F0 .44(The e)180 655.2 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 453.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F2(P)144 465.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 465.6 R +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 +F -.15(ex)180 667.2 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E +F0(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 679.2 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 679.2 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 477.6 Q F2(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 489.6 Q F0 1.138 -(The e)180 489.6 R 1.138 +F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 691.2 Q F2(PR) +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 703.2 Q F0 1.137 +(The e)180 703.2 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 501.6 Q +F2(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 513.6 Q F0 -(The e)180 513.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E -(alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 530.4 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 -(he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 542.4 S .347(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F -(If)5.347 E F1(par)4.097 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.577 F -.346(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.846 E F0(or)2.846 E F2(*) -2.846 E F0 2.846(,t)C .346(he case)-2.846 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ -ion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 554.4 -R 1.204(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 566.4 Q 1.85 -(The result of the e)144 590.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described) --.15 F(belo)144 602.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 619.2 -Q F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 631.2 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 -(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 643.2 Q F2($\()144 660 Q F1 -(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 672 Q F2<92>144 684 Q F1(command)A F2 -<92>A(Bash)108 700.8 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.589 E F0 -.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) --.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) -108 712.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) --.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) -108 724.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) --.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.691 E F1(\214le) -2.691 E F2(\))A F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(23) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(23)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(can be replaced by the equi)108 84 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f) --.2 E(aster)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($\(<)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(\214le)2.5 E F1(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form \ -of substitution is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 -100.8 R(xcept)-.15 E .315(when follo)108 112.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1 -($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E -F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash ter\ -minates the command sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 124.8 R -1.386(using the $\()3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G -3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 136.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 153.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(a)144 84 Q F0(The e)180 84 Q +(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E(alues representing) +-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a) +D(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 100.8 Q F2(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.811 E F1(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F1(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 +(he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) +-4.081 F -.15(ex)144 112.8 S .346(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F +(If)5.346 E F2(par)4.096 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.576 F +.347(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.847 E F0(or)2.847 E F1(*) +2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .347(he case)-2.847 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ +ion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 124.8 +R 1.203(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 136.8 Q 1.849 +(The result of the e)144 160.8 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F +1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 +F(belo)144 172.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 189.6 Q F2 +1.698(Command substitution)108 201.6 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 213.6 Q F1($\()144 230.4 Q F2 +(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 242.4 Q F1<92>144 254.4 Q F2(command) +A F1<92>A(Bash)108 271.2 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 +.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) +-.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) +108 283.2 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) +108 295.2 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le) +2.692 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 307.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 +G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 +(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 324 R(xcept)-.15 E +.314(when follo)108 336 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1<92> +2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(he \ +\214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\ +b-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 348 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 F +F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G +3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F +(mand; none are treated specially)108 360 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 376.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 165.6 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 182.4 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 194.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 211.2 Q F0 -1.035(Arithmetic e)108 223.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 +(quotes with backslashes.)108 388.8 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 405.6 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 417.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 434.4 Q F0 +1.034(Arithmetic e)108 446.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 235.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() -144 252 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 268.8 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 -(treated specially)108 280.8 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 +1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 458.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 475.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 492 Q +F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 +(treated specially)108 504 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 -(tution, and quote remo)108 292.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 304.8 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 321.6 -R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 -(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) --.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 333.6 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E --.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) -2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 350.4 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 362.4 Q .405(ocess substitution) --.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 +-.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 +(tution, and quote remo)108 516 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F 1.059 +(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059(xpression to be e) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)108 528 S +(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 544.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F +3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 556.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) +2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) +-.1 E F1(Pr)87 573.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 585.6 Q .405 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F +2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 374.4 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 597.6 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 386.4 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 398.4 R .56 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 609.6 R .148 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 621.6 R .559 (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.059 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .559 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 410.4 Q .308 +(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 633.6 Q .309 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) --5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 422.4 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) +5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 645.6 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 439.2 R -.25(va) +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 662.4 R -.25(va) -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 451.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 468 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 480 R 1.143 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 492 Q -F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 508.8 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 -(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 -(nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) --.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 520.8 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.708 E F0 -(,)A .837(the def)108 532.8 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 -()3.337 E F0(,)A F1()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1 -()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 544.8 R .345 -(vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 -G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 -(characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 556.8 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 -(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -568.8 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F1(newline)2.506 -E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w) --.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 -(ter is in the v)108 580.8 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) -3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E -3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not) -3.17 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 592.8 -R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G -.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 -F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 604.8 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 -G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E -(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927(Explicit null ar)108 621.6 R 1.927 -(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G -F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 -(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .484(implicit null ar)108 633.6 R .484 -(guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 -(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .785 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.985(ov).15 -G .485(alues, are remo)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.985(d. If).15 F(a)2.985 -E 1.572(parameter with no v)108 645.6 R 1.572(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 -(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.571 -(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .723 -(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 657.6 R .724 -(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .724(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.724(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 669.6 S .176 -(pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 -/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F52.675 -E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 -681.6 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 -698.4 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(24)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 674.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 691.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 703.2 R 1.142 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 715.2 Q +F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(24)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(Pa)87 84 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 96 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 108 R .677 -(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS) +2.563 E F0 .063(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 +(nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) +-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) +108 96 R(If)5.207 E F1(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +()2.707 E F0(,)A .836(the def)108 108 R .836 +(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F2()3.336 E F0(,)A F2()3.336 +E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F2()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 +F .837(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 120 R +.345(vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys) +-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F1(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 +(characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 132 R 3.736(ords. 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If).15 F(a)2.984 +E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 220.8 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 +(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 +(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 232.8 R .724 +(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F +.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 244.8 S .175 +(pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F3 10 +/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F32.676 +E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 +256.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 +273.6 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 +290.4 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 302.4 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F22.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F2(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F2(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F2(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F2([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 314.4 R .677 +(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678 (nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 -(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 120 R -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G -(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo)2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562 -(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F .009(are found, and the shell option) -108 132 R F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008(If the)5.008 F F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 -.008(option is)2.508 F .442(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 144 -R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F1 -(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 -F 1.38(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 -156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F -F1(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 -(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 168 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 -(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 180 R .378 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .578(matched e)108 192 R(xplicitly)-.15 E -3.078(,u)-.65 G .578(nless the shell option)-3.078 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E -F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .579 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.789(must al)108 -204 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.788(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 6.788(.I) --.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F1 -.63(``)4.288 -G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.788(character is not treated specially) -6.788 F 6.788(.S)-.65 G 1.788(ee the)-6.788 F .165(description of)108 -216 R F1(shopt)2.665 E F0(belo)2.665 E 2.665(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.665 E F3 -.165(SHELL B)2.665 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .166 -(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(null-) -2.666 E(glob)108 228 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 -(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 244.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE) -2.786 E F0 .286(shell v)2.536 F .285 -(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214lenames matching a)-.25 -F F2(pattern)2.785 E F0 5.285(.I).24 G(f)-5.285 E F3(GLO-)2.785 E -(BIGNORE)108 256.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214lename that als\ -o matches one of the patterns in)4.565 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.816 E F0(is) -4.566 E(remo)108 268.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415 -(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1(nocaseglob) +(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 326.4 R +F1 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) +2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F .008 +(are found, and the shell option)108 338.4 R F2(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008 +(is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009 +(If the)5.009 F F2(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .009(option is)2.509 F .443 +(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 350.4 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F2(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442 +(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38 +(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 362.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F2 +(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 +(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 374.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 +(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 386.4 R .377 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.354(matched e)108 398.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 +E 3.854(,u)-.65 G 1.354(nless the shell option)-3.854 F F2(dotglob)3.854 +E F0 1.354(is set.)3.854 F 1.354(The \214lenames)6.354 F F2 -.63(``) +3.854 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.354 E F2 -.63(``)3.853 G(..).63 +E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.353(must al)6.983 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.353(ys be).1 F +.425(matched e)108 410.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.925(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve) +-3.175 G 2.925(ni).15 G(f)-2.925 E F2(dotglob)2.925 E F0 .425(is set.) +2.925 F .425(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.425 +F -.1(wa)-.1 G .425(ys be).1 F .56(matched e)108 422.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 +E 5.56(.I)-.65 G 3.06(no)-5.56 G .56(ther cases, the)-3.06 F F2 -.63(``) +3.06 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .56(character is not treated specially) +5.56 F 5.56(.S)-.65 G .56(ee the description of)-5.56 F F2(shopt)3.06 E +F0(belo)108 434.4 Q 3.595(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.595 E F1 1.096(SHELL B)3.595 +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.096(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 1.096 +(for a description of the)3.346 F F2(nocaseglob)3.596 E F0(,)A F2 +(nullglob)3.596 E F0(,)A F2(failglob)3.596 E F0 3.596(,a)C(nd)-3.596 E +F2(dotglob)108 446.4 Q F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 463.2 Q F1 +(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131(shell v)2.381 F .131 +(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 +F F4(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F1(GLO-)2.63 E(BIGNORE) +108 475.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that also matche\ +s one of the patterns in)4.264 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is)4.265 E +(remo)108 487.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415 +(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F2(nocaseglob) 3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 280.8 Q F0 .146 +(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 499.2 Q F0 .146 (is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F -.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 -(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 -292.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 +.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F2 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0(and)5.147 E F2 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 +(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 +511.2 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .682(enabling the)108 304.8 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 +-.25 F .682(enabling the)108 523.2 R F2(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 (shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 316.8 Q +-.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) +5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 535.2 Q 1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F -F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 -(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F0(The)108 328.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631 -(option is disabled when)3.131 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 +F2 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) +-.1 E F2 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 +(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F0(The)108 547.2 Q F2(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631 +(option is disabled when)3.131 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 (is unset.)2.882 F .632(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 -F(the)108 340.8 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 -357.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 374.4 Q 3.138 -(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the spec\ -ial pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H -(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 386.4 R 1.12 +F(the)108 559.2 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F2 -.1(Pa)108 +576 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 592.8 Q 3.138(yc) +-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the special \ +pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H +(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 604.8 R 1.12 (NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12 (ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 -(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 398.4 R .576 +(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 616.8 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 410.4 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 444 Q F0 .376(Matches an) -180 444 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 -F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377 -(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 456 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 -(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) --.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 -(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\ - or more directories and subdirectories.)180 468 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 -F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 480 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G -(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 492 Q F0 -(Matches an)180 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -([...])144 504 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 504 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 -(denotes a)180 516 R F2 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) --3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 -(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G -.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 528 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 -G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 -(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the) -6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 540 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F F1 -([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1 -(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 552 R .894 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) -180 564 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F3(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) -2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 -F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 576 R .068 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F --.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 -(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 588 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 -.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C -2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ -be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 600 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 612 Q -.4(Wi)180 -630 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F2 -.15(ch) -3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 642 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 654 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 666 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.289(Ac)180 678 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) --.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 --.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 690 Q -.4(Wi) -180 708 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 720 R -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(25)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 628.8 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 645.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2(*)144 662.4 Q F0 .376 +(Matches an)180 662.4 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F2 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 674.4 +Q F2(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 +(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 +E F2(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 +(will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ +.)180 686.4 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F2(/)3.558 E +F0(,)A(tw)180 698.4 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F2(?)144 710.4 Q +F0(Matches an)180 710.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(25)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the character)180 -84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 102 S(thin).4 E -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C -(he syntax)-2.5 E F2([.)2.5 E F1(symbol)A F2(.])A F0 -(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F1(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the) -108 118.8 R F2(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F2(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF([...])144 84 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 84 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 +(denotes a)180 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E +3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) +-3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F +3.185(oc)-.1 G .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G +1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212 +(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 120 R 1.123(wing the) +-.25 F F1([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a) +6.123 F F1(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 132 R .894 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) +180 144 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)2.875 E +(TE)-.855 E F0(or)2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 +F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 156 R .068 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 +(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 168 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 +.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ +be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) +180 180 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 192 Q -.4(Wi)180 +210 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F2 -.15(ch) +3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0 +(is one of the follo)180 222 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 234 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 246 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.289(Ac)180 258 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) +-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 +-.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 270 Q -.4(Wi) +180 288 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 +(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 300 R +(the character)180 312 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 330 S(thin).4 E F1 +([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 +E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol) +2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 346.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 (xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 -130.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F1 +358.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F2(|)2.756 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 142.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F2(?\()144 166.8 Q F1 -(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 178.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(*\()144 190.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 202.8 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(+\()144 214.8 Q F1 -(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 226.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(@\()144 238.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 250.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(!\()144 262.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches an)180 274.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(Quote Remo)87 291.6 -Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 303.6 R 1.113 -(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F2(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F2<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F2(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 315.6 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 332.4 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 344.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 -(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F1 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +108 370.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 394.8 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 406.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 418.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 430.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 442.8 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 +(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 454.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 466.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 478.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) +.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 490.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches an)180 502.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) +-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .969(Complicated e)108 +519.6 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .969 +(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 +(specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 531.6 R 1.23 +(Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F +(using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 +543.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 560.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 +E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 572.4 R 1.113 +(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 +1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 584.4 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 601.2 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 613.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 -(by the shell.)108 356.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +(by the shell.)108 625.2 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 368.4 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ +-.25 F(dif)108 637.2 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 (Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 380.4 R -.15 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 649.2 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 -392.4 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F1 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F1(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G -.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 404.4 Q 2.5 +661.2 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G +.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 673.2 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 421.2 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) -108 433.2 R F1(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +stead be preceded by a w)108 690 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108 +702 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 445.2 S +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 714 S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F -F1(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F1(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 457.2 Q -F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F1(varname)2.5 E F0 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)108 -474 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitte\ -d, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 -(ion operator is)108 486 R F2(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 -(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) --3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 498 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C -(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 514.8 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 -(jected to brace e)108 526.8 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 538.8 R -.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F -.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 550.8 S(rd,).1 E F2 -(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 567.6 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 584.4 Q F2(>)2.5 -E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 601.2 -Q F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 618 -Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 634.8 R F1(dirlist)3.027 -E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 -(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 646.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 663.6 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 675.6 R .978 -(the operating system on which)3.478 F F2(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .977 -(vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 687.6 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(/de)144 704.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F1(fd)A F0(If)180 716.4 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E -(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(26) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 726 Q F0 +.599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2 +(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(26)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 -96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stderr) --.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q -(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 -168 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.238(persists be) +108 84 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 +(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(himself.)108 96 Q .283(In the follo)108 112.8 R .284(wing descriptions\ +, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst character\ + of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 124.8 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) +-3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F +(redirection operator is)108 136.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) +-2.5 E .824(The w)108 153.6 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 165.6 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 177.6 R +.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F +.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 +F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 189.6 S(rd,).1 E F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 206.4 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 223.2 Q F1(>)2.5 +E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 240 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command) +-2.5 E(ls 2)144 256.8 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 273.6 R F2(dirlist)3.027 +E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 +(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F +(output before the standard output w)108 285.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 302.4 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 314.4 R .978 +(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .977 +(vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 326.4 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 343.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 355.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 367.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 379.2 Q F1(/de)144 391.2 Q +(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 403.2 Q F1(/de) +144 415.2 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 +427.2 Q F1(/de)144 439.2 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0 +(If)180 451.2 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 463.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -192 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 204 Q F2(host) -2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +475.2 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 487.2 Q F2 +(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 499.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -232.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +516 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 +E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 \ +should be used with care, as the)108 532.8 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 (ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -278.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 544.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +561.6 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 290.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 302.4 Q F2 +108 573.6 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 585.6 Q F2 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 352.8 Q(ecting Output) +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 602.4 Q([)144 619.2 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 636 Q(ecting Output) -.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 364.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8 -R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +108 648 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 660 R +F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 .824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F --.15(ex)108 388.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +-.15(ex)108 672 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 405.6 Q([)144 422.4 Q +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 688.8 Q([)144 705.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +(If the redirection operator is)108 722.4 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C .154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) 2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 451.2 R -.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 -(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C -2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E -F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 -(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) --2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 504 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 -2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 -.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 -528 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 590.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ -\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) --.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -602.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 619.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G -(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 636 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 648 Q F1(>&)144 660 Q F2(wor) -A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 676.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G -(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor) -2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G -.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q -F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(27)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(27)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or) --.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ -utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\ -scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e) -108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E -F0(.).77 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .658(will f)108 84 +R .658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15 +(ex)3.158 G .657(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657 +(If the redi-)5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 96 R/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409 +(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F2(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 +F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409(option to the)2.909 F F2(set)2.909 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409(iltin command).2 F +(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 124.8 S(pending Redir).25 E +(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642(Redirection of output in this f)108 136.8 R +.642(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 148.8 R F1(n)2.973 E F0 +2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.334 E F0 +.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 +160.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 177.6 Q([)144 194.4 Q +F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 211.2 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 223.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) +-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 +235.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 252 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2 +(&>)144 268.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 280.8 Q F2(>&)144 292.8 Q +F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 309.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 326.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F2(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 343.2 R F1(wor) +2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) +-.15 F F22.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G +.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 355.2 Q +F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 372 S +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 384 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ +e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F +(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 396 Q +(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -124.8 Q F1(&>>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 158.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(>>)144 175.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 -192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ +412.8 Q F2(&>>)144 429.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 446.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(>>)144 463.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 +480 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(Her)87 496.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .615 +a line containing only)108 508.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 520.8 Q F0 .615 (\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E -F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(]) -A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 -319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 532.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E +F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 549.6 Q([)144 566.4 Q F1(n)A F0(]) +A F2(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 578.4 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 590.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 +607.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 -331.2 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 --.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 -(is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 +619.2 R F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 +-.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 +(is quoted, the)3.685 F F1(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) --2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 -(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 +-2.915 E F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 631.2 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 (is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 -(are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 2.59 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 643.2 R 2.59 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\)2.5 -E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 -(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 -(If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 655.2 Q F2(\\)2.5 +E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +(If the redirection operator is)108 672 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ - the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G + the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 684 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G (his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q -F2(wor)2.894 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.894 E .394(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 -(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .393 -(ariable e)-.25 F .393(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.147 -(tution, arithmetic e)108 470.4 R 2.147(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F --.25(va)-.15 G 4.648(l. P).25 F 2.148(athname e)-.15 F 2.148 -(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.148(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E -2.813(formed. The)108 482.4 R .313 -(result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.813 F .312 -(wline appended, to the command on its standard)-.25 F -(input \(or \214le descriptor)108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n) -2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 -511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(]) -A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 -(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -568.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G -2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F12.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q -(The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .444 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R -(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) -4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor) -3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F12.754 E -F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 -(is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0 -.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E -.965(not e)108 679.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 -3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 -(he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(28)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 700.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 712.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) +144 729.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(28)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator) -108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 -(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536 -(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536 -(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt) --3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2 -(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 -E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A -(Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) -144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 192 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2 -(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 -.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) -A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -266.4 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.894 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.894 E .394 +(goes brace e)-.18 F .393(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .393(ariable e)-.25 F .393 +(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.147(tution, arithmetic e)108 96 R +2.147(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.648(l. P).25 F +2.148(athname e)-.15 F 2.148(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.148 +(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E 2.813(formed. The)108 108 R +.313(result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.813 F .312 +(wline appended, to the command on its standard)-.25 F +(input \(or \214le descriptor)108 120 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 +E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 136.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 +148.8 Q([)144 165.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 182.4 R(If)5.127 E +F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 +194.4 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 206.4 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F22.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 218.4 Q +(The operator)108 235.2 Q([)144 252 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 .444 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 268.8 R +(If)5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 280.8 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F1(wor) +4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 292.8 R F1(wor) +3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F22.754 E +F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F1(n)3.114 E F0 .254 +(is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F1(n)2.754 E F0 +.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E +.965(not e)108 304.8 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 +(he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) +-3.466 F(pre)108 316.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 333.6 Q +(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 345.6 Q([) +144 362.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 379.2 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F1 +(digit)3.036 E F0 .536(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 +3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)-3.036 G .535 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 +.535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 391.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 +(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) +108 408 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 424.8 Q F1 +(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F1(digit)2.785 E F0 +.285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785 +(rt)-2.785 G .286(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F +F1(n)2.786 E F0 .286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 453.6 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 470.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 482.4 Q([)144 499.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) +A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +516 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G -(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +108 528 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 544.8 Q F1(Aliases)108 556.8 Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 (ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 -(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 568.8 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 580.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 (\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F -(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(check)108 592.8 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 (If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 604.8 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0 1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) --3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +-3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 616.8 R 1.12 (replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 628.8 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 403.2 R +.296(not e)108 640.8 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 652.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F 3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) --3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 664.8 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 681.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 448.8 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 698.4 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 460.8 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 477.6 R 1.22 +108 710.4 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 727.2 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) -.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 -(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .436 -(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 -(one complete line of input before e)108 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 -(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 530.4 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 -(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 -(another command does not tak)108 542.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 -G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 -(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 554.4 R .277 -(fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 -566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F -.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .612 -(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 590.4 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 -(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 -(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 -602.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 619.2 -S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.468(As)108 648 S .968 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 660 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 672 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 -(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F -.639 -(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 708 R -F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F -.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) --.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G -(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) -142.895 E(29)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 +E(29)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.25 -(All other aspects of the shell e)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25 -(cution en).15 F 1.25 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(using)108 84 Q/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.5 E F0(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 +E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .436 +(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 +100.8 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 +(one complete line of input before e)108 112.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 +(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 124.8 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 +(another command does not tak)108 136.8 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 +G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F +1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 +(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 148.8 R .277 +(fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 +160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F +.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 172.8 R .612 +(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 +(av)108 184.8 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 +(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 +(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 +196.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 213.6 +S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 230.4 Q F0 3.468(As)108 242.4 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E F2 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 254.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 +(shell; no ne)108 278.4 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 290.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +.639 +(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 302.4 +R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 314.4 Q F2(FUNCN)2.5 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 +331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.214(these e)108 96 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(DEB)3.714 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 -E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 --.2(bu)3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 108 S -(IL).09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +1.214(these e)108 343.2 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F2(DEB)3.714 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F1(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F1(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F2(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 355.2 S(IL) +.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 120 R F1(declar)2.92 -E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)-.25 F -F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 132 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 144 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .655 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 367.2 R F2(declar) +2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) +-.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 379.2 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F2(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 391.2 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 408 S .655 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) 3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E -3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 172.8 Q +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 420 Q (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E -(The)108 189.6 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 +(The)108 436.8 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +448.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 218.4 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 465.6 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 230.4 R 1.012 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 477.6 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 242.4 R +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 489.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 254.4 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 501.6 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 271.2 R F2 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 283.2 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 518.4 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 530.4 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 295.2 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F2(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +.327(\214le and line number)108 542.4 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 (shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 307.2 R -1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F23.797 E -F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F2(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 554.4 R +1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.797 E +F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 (iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 -(deleted using the)108 319.2 R F22.661 E F0 .161(option to the) -2.661 F F2(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 +(deleted using the)108 566.4 R F12.661 E F0 .161(option to the) +2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 (that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 -331.2 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 -(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 343.2 Q +578.4 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 +(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 590.4 Q (en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372 -(Functions may be recursi)108 360 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) --5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +(Functions may be recursi)108 607.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) +-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 372 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 619.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 384 Q .3 --.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -400.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 -(The shell allo)108 412.8 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 -(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.797 E F0 -(and)4.797 E F2(declar)108 424.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183 -(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) -2.683 F F2 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 -(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 436.8 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 631.2 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E F3(ARITHMETIC EV)72 648 Q(ALU)-1.478 E +-1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 660 R 2.297 +(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E +F0(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 672 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183 +(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) +2.683 F F1 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 +(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 684 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 448.8 R(vity)-.25 E +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 696 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 460.8 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) +(lo)108 708 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) 5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 472.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 -489.6 Q F2(++)A F4(id)2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 501.6 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2(++)108 513.6 Q F4(id) -A F22.5 E F4(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 525.6 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 537.6 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)144 537.6 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 549.6 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 549.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 -561.6 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 561.6 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 573.6 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 573.6 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> -108 585.6 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 585.6 Q F2(<< >>)108 597.6 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 597.6 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 609.6 Q F0 -(comparison)144 621.6 Q F2(== !=)108 633.6 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 633.6 Q F2(&)108 645.6 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 645.6 Q F2(^)108 657.6 Q -F0(bitwise e)144 657.6 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) -108 669.6 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 669.6 Q F2(&&)108 681.6 Q F0(logical AND) -144 681.6 Q F2(||)108 693.6 Q F0(logical OR)144 693.6 Q F4 -.2(ex)108 -705.6 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F4 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F4 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) -142.895 E(30)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(of decreasing precedence.)108 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(30)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF 2.5(=*)108 84 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad> --2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 96 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 108 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 120 Q .68(Shell v)108 136.8 R .68 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(++)A F1(id)2.5 E F2 +A F0 -.25(va)144 96 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 +E F2(++)108 108 Q F1(id)A F22.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 120 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 132 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)144 132 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 144 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 144 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 +156 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 156 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 168 S F0 +(multiplication, di)144 168 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>108 +180 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 180 Q F2(<< >>)108 192 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 192 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 204 Q F0 +(comparison)144 216 Q F2(== !=)108 228 Q F0(equality and inequality)144 +228 Q F2(&)108 240 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 240 Q F2(^)108 252 Q F0 +(bitwise e)144 252 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|)108 +264 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 264 Q F2(&&)108 276 Q F0(logical AND)144 276 Q +F2(||)108 288 Q F0(logical OR)144 288 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 300 S(pr).2 E F2 +(?)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 312 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 324 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 +(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) +-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 336 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 348 S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E +F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 360 Q .68(Shell v)108 376.8 R .68 (ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 148.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 160.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 400.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G 1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) -.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 -(using the parameter e)108 172.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 412.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 (The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 184.8 R 1.389 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 424.8 R 1.389 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 -E F2(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 -F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 -(assigned a v)108 196.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 +E F1(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 +F F2(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 +(assigned a v)108 436.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 (alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 -H(ts).15 E F2(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 208.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E +H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 +(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 448.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 -225.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F -(xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 237.6 R 2.613(et)-.1 -G .113(he form [)-2.613 F F2(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F2 +465.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F +(xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 477.6 R 2.613(et)-.1 +G .113(he form [)-2.613 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1 (base)2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 249.6 R F2(n)3.033 E F0 .533 -(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F2(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 489.6 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F1(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108 -261.6 R F2(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 +501.6 R F1(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 (he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512 (wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942 -(@, and _, in that order)108 273.6 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F2(base) +(@, and _, in that order)108 513.6 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F1(base) 3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F -(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 285.6 Q -.235(Operators are e)108 302.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 525.6 Q +.235(Operators are e)108 542.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 314.4 S +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 554.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 331.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 -(Conditional e)108 343.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) -2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F1([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 355.2 R .77 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 571.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 +(Conditional e)108 583.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) +2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) +2.755 E F2([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F +.77(\214le attrib)108 595.2 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E .426 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 367.2 R F1(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 607.2 R F2(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 (handles se)2.926 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .426 (ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 2.926(ya)-.15 G .426 (re used in e)-2.926 F 2.926(xpressions. If)-.15 F .193 -(the operating system on which)108 379.2 R F1(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 +(the operating system on which)108 619.2 R F2(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 (is running pro)2.693 F .193 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it)-.15 F -.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 391.2 R .589 -(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F2(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)108 403.2 Q -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.917(,t)C .417(hen \214le descriptor)-2.917 F F2(n) -2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F2 +.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 631.2 R .589 +(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)108 643.2 Q +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.917(,t)C .417(hen \214le descriptor)-2.917 F F1(n) +2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F1 (\214le)2.917 E F0(ar)2.917 E .417 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)2.916 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)108 415.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2 +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)2.916 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)108 655.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 (/de)2.5 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 432 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 444 Q -1.096(When used with)108 462 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E -F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +108 672 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 684 Q +1.096(When used with)108 702 R F2([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E +F2(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 -E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -474 Q F1108 498 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 498 S(ue if).35 E -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 510 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 510 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 522 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 522 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1108 534 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 534 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1108 546 Q -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 546 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 558 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -558 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 -E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 570 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -570 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 582 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 582 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 594 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 594 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F1108 606 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 606 S(ue if).35 -E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) -.15 E F1108 618 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 618 S(ue if).35 E -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 -630 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 630 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1 -108 642 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 642 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E -F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 654 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 654 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1 -108 666 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 666 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 678 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 678 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 -690 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 690 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 702 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 702 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 714 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 714 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(31)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +E F2(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +714 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(31)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 -S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E -(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1 -108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2 -(\214le1)108 108 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -(refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1) -108 132 Q F02.5 E F1(nt)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 144 S -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is ne)2.5 E -(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E -F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2(\214le1)108 156 Q -F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 -(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 180 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 192 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E -F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 +SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 +S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 +96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 108 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1108 +120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1108 132 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 144 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re) +.15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 156 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 180 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) +-2.5 E F1108 192 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 192 S(ue if).35 +E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) +.15 E F1108 204 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 204 S(ue if).35 E +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 +216 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 216 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1 +108 228 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E +F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 240 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 240 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1 +108 252 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 264 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 264 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 +276 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E +.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 288 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 288 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 300 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 300 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 +108 312 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 324 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 324 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 336 Q F1 +(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 360 Q F02.5 E F1(nt) +A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 372 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 +(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 +(\214le1)108 384 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +396 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 408 Q F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 420 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 +(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.763 E F0(option to the)144 204 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 216 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +2.763 E F0(option to the)144 432 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 444 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 456 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 -240 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if the shell v).35 E +468 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 480 S(ue if the shell v).35 E (ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) -2.68 E F1108 264 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S +2.68 E F1108 492 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 504 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) -108 288 Q F1108 300 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S +108 516 Q F1108 528 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 540 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 -(string1)108 328.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 340.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 352.8 S .862 +(string1)108 556.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 568.8 Q F1 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 580.8 S .862 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 (should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .861 (command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 -364.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +592.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 (command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 376.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 -(string1)108 393.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 405.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 422.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 434.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 604.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 +(string1)108 621.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 633.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 650.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 662.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 451.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 463.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -480 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 492 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 -(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A -F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 -(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 -(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 504 R -F2(ar)144 516 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) -.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 -E F0(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15 -(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 532.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 -.614(When a simple command is e)108 544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 -(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 556.8 Q(1.)108 573.6 Q 1.848(The w)144 573.6 R 1.848 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 -(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 585.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 602.4 Q 1.164(The w)144 602.4 R -1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 -614.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 -(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 626.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 643.2 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 643.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 660 Q .717(The te)144 660 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 -.717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 -(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 672 R .339 -(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 684 Q .332 -(If no command name results, the v)108 700.8 R .332 -(ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 712.8 S .757 -(riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 724.8 -R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(32)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 679.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 691.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4) +72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(32)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the command e)108 -84 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 100.8 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)108.33 84 Q(g1)-.37 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)2.5 +E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 96 Q F0 .385 +(is one of)2.635 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 +2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 +(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.884 E +(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ +qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 108 R F1(ar)144 +120 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.) +-.65 E F1(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0 +(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) +-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 136.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614 +(When a simple command is e)108 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 +(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) +108 160.8 Q(1.)108 177.6 Q 1.848(The w)144 177.6 R 1.848 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 +(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 206.4 Q 1.164(The w)144 206.4 R +1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 +218.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E +(are the ar)144 230.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 247.2 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 247.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) +108 264 Q .717(The te)144 264 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 +.717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 +(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 276 R .339 +(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 288 Q .332 +(If no command name results, the v)108 304.8 R .332 +(ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F +2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 316.8 S .757 +(riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 328.8 +R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 340.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 357.6 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 112.8 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 369.6 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 129.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 386.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F 4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 -141.6 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +398.4 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 153.6 R .466 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 410.4 R .466 (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 165.6 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 182.4 Q F0 .546 -(After a command has been split into w)108 194.4 R .547 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 422.4 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 439.2 Q F0 +.546(After a command has been split into w)108 451.2 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 206.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 463.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 223.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 480 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 235.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G -.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 -(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 247.2 Q 2.5 +108 492 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 +(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 +E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 504 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 264 R .309 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.809 -E F0 .309(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 276 Q F2 -.666(PA) -3.162 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 -.663(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915 -(the full pathnames of e)108 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 -(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 -(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E -4.414(w\). 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Ar)-.4 F -.198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 388.8 Q +(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 604.8 +Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\ +e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 621.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198(named program in a separate e) +108 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 +F .198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 645.6 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 405.6 R +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 417.6 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 674.4 R F1 .678 +(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 (ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 (cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 429.6 R .329 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 686.4 R .329 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 441.6 R 1.219 +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 698.4 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F4(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 453.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A -F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) -108 470.4 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ -e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 482.4 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ - handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv) -108 494.4 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 -(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 -(gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 -(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 506.4 R -1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F -(command ar)108 518.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 535.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) -108 547.2 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 -2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 564 Q -1.405(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 564 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F4 -(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 576 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 592.8 Q -(the current w)144 592.8 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E -F0(,)A F4(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 -(ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E -<83>108 609.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 609.6 Q F4 -(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) --2.5 E<83>108 626.4 Q(current traps set by)144 626.4 Q F4(trap)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 643.2 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 643.2 R .256 -(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .256 -(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E -(in the en)144 655.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 672 Q -(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 672 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 688.8 Q -(options enabled at in)144 688.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) -.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F4(set) -2.5 E F0<83>108 705.6 Q(options enabled by)144 705.6 Q F4(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(33)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F F2(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F3 +(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 710.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F5(\))A +F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E 1.374 +(If the program is a \214le be)108 727.2 R 1.374(ginning with)-.15 F F2 +(#!)3.874 E F0 3.874(,t)C 1.374 +(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the) +-3.874 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(33)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q -(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E -F0<83>108 100.8 Q -.25(va)144 100.8 S +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.993 +(program. 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Unless)-.25 F .133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 141.6 Q<83>108 158.4 Q 1.055(the shell')144 158.4 R +(the shell.)108 381.6 Q<83>108 398.4 Q 1.055(the shell')144 398.4 R 3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 170.4 Q<83>108 187.2 Q(the current w)144 187.2 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 204 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -204 Q<83>108 220.8 Q .857(shell v)144 220.8 R .857 +-3.556 F(mand)144 410.4 Q<83>108 427.2 Q(the current w)144 427.2 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 444 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 +444 Q<83>108 460.8 Q .857(shell v)144 460.8 R .857 (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 232.8 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 249.6 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) -144 249.6 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 472.8 Q(vironment) +-.4 E<83>108 489.6 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) +144 489.6 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 -261.6 Q 2.5(Ac)108 278.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 +501.6 Q 2.5(Ac)108 518.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 (di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 295.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 307.2 S .244(ubshell en) +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 535.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 547.2 S .244(ubshell en) -2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 (vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 319.2 R .358 +.359(reset to the v)108 559.2 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 331.2 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 571.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 343.2 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 583.2 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -360 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +600 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F13.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 372 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 -E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 388.8 R -.404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) -2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 -400.8 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 -(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 -(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 412.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 429.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 441.6 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) --4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 -(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F3(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 453.6 Q -F0A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F3 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 470.4 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 +F33.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) +108 612 R(not in)2.5 E F2(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0 +(clears the)2.5 E F32.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404 +(If a command is follo)108 628.8 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F3(&)2.904 E F0 +.405(and job control is not acti)2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G +.405(he def)-2.905 F .405(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198 +(is the empty \214le)108 640.8 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198 +(.O)C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc) +.1 G .197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) +-2.698 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 652.8 Q F1(ENVIR)72 669.6 Q +(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 681.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25 +(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 +(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 +E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 693.6 Q +F0A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 +(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 710.4 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 482.4 Q .144(viron\ -ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 494.4 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F -2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 506.4 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 518.4 Q .64 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 -(alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 530.4 -R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 -(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 -(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 542.4 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 -(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) --2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 -(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 -554.4 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 -571.2 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .562(simple command) -3.402 F F0 .563 -(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 583.2 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .202(fect only the) --.25 F(en)108 595.2 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the) -108 612 R F13.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set) -3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F -F3(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en) -108 624 Q -(vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 640.8 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) --3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 -(is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 652.8 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F4 -(EXIT ST)72 669.6 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 681.6 R -.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) -.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F3(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 -(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 -(tion. Exit)108 693.6 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 -(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 -F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 705.6 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G -.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 -(uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -717.6 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(34)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 722.4 Q 1.431(viro\ +nment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically markin\ +g it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)3.931 G(port).2 E F0 1.431(to child)4.611 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(34)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S -3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 -(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 -(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) --.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 96 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 -(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 4.178 +(processes. Ex)108 84 R 1.678(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +4.178(vironment. The)-.4 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)4.177 E F0(and) +4.177 E F1(declar)4.177 E 4.177<65ad>-.18 G(x)-4.177 E F0 1.677 +(commands allo)4.177 F(w)-.25 E .646 +(parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 96 +R 3.147(vironment. If)-.4 F .647(the v)3.147 F .647 +(alue of a parameter in)-.25 F .514(the en)108 108 R .513 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.013(wv)-.25 G .513 +(alue becomes part of the en)-3.263 F .513 +(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .513(The en)5.513 F(vi-)-.4 E .522 +(ronment inherited by an)108 120 R 3.022(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.172 G .522 +(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.022(si)-.55 G .522 +(nitial en)-3.022 F .522(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .523(alues may)-.25 F +.579(be modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 132 R 3.078(yp)-.15 G .578 +(airs remo)-3.078 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.078(db).15 G 3.078(yt)-3.078 G(he) +-3.078 E F1(unset)3.078 E F0 .578(command, plus an)3.078 F 3.078(ya)-.15 +G .578(dditions via the)-3.078 F F1(export)3.078 E F0(and)108 144 Q F1 +(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en) +108 160.8 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 +(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 172.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 184.8 Q +(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 201.6 R F1 +3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 +.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 213.6 Q +(vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) +-.4 E(When)108 230.4 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) +-3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 +(is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F +(passed to that command in its en)108 242.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F5 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 259.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15 +(The e)108 271.2 R .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 +(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151 +(lent func-).25 F 2.848(tion. Exit)108 283.2 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F +.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 295.2 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G +.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 +(uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F +(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +307.2 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 +(Fo)108 324 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 +(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 336 R 2.548(An) +5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(N) -2.5 E F0(,)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E -(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 124.8 R +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 348 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E +(xit status.)-.15 E .405 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 364.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 136.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 153.6 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 376.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 393.6 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 170.4 R .08 -(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F1(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 410.4 R .08 +(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 182.4 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 +-2.581 F(the)108 422.4 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 (cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 194.4 Q(guments.)-.18 -E F2(Bash)108 211.2 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 +(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 434.4 Q(guments.)-.18 +E F1(Bash)108 451.2 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 223.2 -Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F2 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 240 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 252 Q F2 -(bash)3.183 E F0 .683(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G -3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683 -(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682 -(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 -F(interacti)108 264 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4 -(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F2 -(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458 -(In all cases,)5.458 F F2(bash)108 276 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E -(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E -(fect,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4 -(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 -(Non-b)108 292.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.565 E F0 -(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 -F 1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) -108 304.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 316.8 R .653 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 463.2 +Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F5 +(SIGN)72 480 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 492 Q F1(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 +(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G +.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F F3(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .682(kill 0) +3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 504 Q .757 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F +F1(bash)108 516 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F4(.)A F0 +(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 +E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 +E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 532.8 Q 1.065 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 +544.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F3(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 556.8 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 328.8 Q F4 -(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 345.6 R 2.045 -(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 357.6 Q F0 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 568.8 Q F3 +(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 585.6 R 2.045 +(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E +F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 597.6 Q F0 1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F3(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 (to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 369.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 609.6 Q F4(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) 5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 381.6 R F2(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 621.6 R F1(diso) +3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 (SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 -(SIGHUP)108 393.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 410.4 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash) -2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 +1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +(SIGHUP)108 633.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 650.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -422.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 439.2 Q F2(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F +662.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 679.2 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 451.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 691.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 463.2 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ -eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2 +(via the)108 703.2 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 475.2 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 715.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(JOB CONTR)72 492 Q(OL)-.329 E F1 -.25 -(Jo)108 504 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 -(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F1(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 516 Q F1 --.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 -(ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 528 Q(ernel')-.1 E -2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 544.8 R F1(job) -5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 556.8 R F2 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F2(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F1(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 568.8 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 585.6 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ -umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 602.4 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 614.4 R .732 -(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 626.4 Q F1(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 643.2 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) -.7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 655.2 R F1(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 -(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 -(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -667.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 679.2 Q -F5(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F1(for) -3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.926 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 -F .145(group ID dif)108 691.2 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 703.2 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F -2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 -10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. 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Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 225.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 237.6 Q F1(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 +108 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F3(%ce)3.09 E +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 484.8 Q F3(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 -(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 -(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E +(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F3(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 +(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F3(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 -(hand, refers to an)108 249.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 -(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 +(hand, refers to an)108 496.8 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F3(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 261.6 Q F1 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 508.8 Q F3 (bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 -(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 +(he symbols)-5.018 F F3(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F3(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 273.6 R .495 +-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 520.8 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F (The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 285.6 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 -5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 +(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 532.8 R F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 +5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F3 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 (can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 297.6 R F1 +.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 544.8 R F3 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 309.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 +-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F3(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) +108 556.8 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F32.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 (single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 321.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 338.4 R -(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(rent job)108 568.8 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 585.6 R +(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C (ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -350.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +597.6 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 362.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 379.2 +(equi)108 609.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 626.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F3(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 (its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 391.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 638.4 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 403.2 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F32.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 650.4 Q F3(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F3(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 -.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 -415.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 432 R(xit)-.15 E F1 -(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 -(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 444 R F1 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 662.4 Q(xits.) +-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 679.2 R(xit)-.15 E F3(bash)2.532 E F0 +.032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533 +(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F3(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 691.2 R F3 (shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F3(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 (option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -456 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 +703.2 R(The)5.458 E F3(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 (command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 468 R .604 +5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 715.2 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 480 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 496.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 -508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 -E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F -F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .315 -(and the secondary prompt)108 520.8 R F3(PS2)2.815 E F0 .315 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.565 F F1(Bash)5.314 E -F0(displays)2.814 E F1(PS0)2.814 E F0(after)2.814 E .049 -(it reads a command b)108 532.8 R .049(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.049(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.049 E F0(allo)2.549 E .05 -(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting)-.25 F 2.5(an)108 -544.8 S(umber of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ -as follo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 556.8 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 556.8 Q F1(\\d)144 568.8 Q F0 -(the date in "W)180 568.8 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 580.8 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 -592.8 Q F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime) -3.927 E F0 1.427 -(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -604.8 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 -(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 616.8 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 616.8 Q F1(\\h)144 628.8 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 628.8 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 640.8 -Q F0(the hostname)180 640.8 Q F1(\\j)144 652.8 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 652.8 Q F1(\\l) -144 664.8 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 664.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 676.8 Q F0(ne)180 676.8 Q -(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 688.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 688.8 Q F1(\\s) -144 700.8 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 700.8 Q F1($0) -2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1 -(\\t)144 712.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(36)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +(and an)108 727.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(36)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\T)144 84 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 84 Q -F1(\\@)144 96 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 96 Q F1 -(\\A)144 108 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 108 Q F1 -(\\u)144 120 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 120 Q F1(\\v)144 -132 Q F0(the v)180 132 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 144 Q F0(the release of)180 144 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 156 Q F0 .115(the current w) -180 156 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116 -(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR) -180 168 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E -F1(\\W)144 180 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 180 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0 -(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 192 Q F0 -(the history number of this command)180 192 Q F1(\\#)144 204 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 204 Q F1(\\$)144 216 Q F0 -(if the ef)180 216 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 228 Q/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 228 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E -F1(\\\\)144 240 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 240 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 252 Q -F0(be)180 252 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ -could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 264 Q F1(\\])144 276 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 276 Q .119 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 292.8 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .644 +(When the shell is w)108 84 R .644 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait) +3.145 E F0 -.2(bu)3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F +F1(wait)3.145 E F0(will)3.145 E .428 +(return when the job changes state. The)108 96 R F12.928 E F0 .428 +(option will force)2.928 F F1(wait)2.928 E F0 .428(to w)2.928 F .428 +(ait until the job or process terminates)-.1 F(before returning.)108 108 +Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 124.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e) +108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt) +3.145 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 +(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .315 +(and the secondary prompt)108 148.8 R F3(PS2)2.815 E F0 .315 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.565 F F1(Bash)5.314 E +F0(displays)2.814 E F1(PS0)2.814 E F0(after)2.814 E .049 +(it reads a command b)108 160.8 R .049(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.049(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.049 E F0(allo)2.549 E .05 +(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting)-.25 F 2.5(an)108 +172.8 S(umber of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ +as follo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 184.8 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 184.8 Q F1(\\d)144 196.8 Q F0 +(the date in "W)180 196.8 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 208.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format) +A F1(})A F0(the)180 220.8 Q F4(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to) +3.927 F F4(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427 +(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 +232.8 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 +(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E +(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 244.8 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 244.8 Q F1(\\h)144 256.8 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 256.8 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 268.8 +Q F0(the hostname)180 268.8 Q F1(\\j)144 280.8 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 280.8 Q F1(\\l) +144 292.8 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 292.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 304.8 Q F0(ne)180 304.8 Q +(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 316.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 316.8 Q F1(\\s) +144 328.8 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 328.8 Q F1($0) +2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1 +(\\t)144 340.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 +340.8 Q F1(\\T)144 352.8 Q F0 +(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 352.8 Q F1(\\@)144 +364.8 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 364.8 Q F1(\\A) +144 376.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 376.8 Q F1 +(\\u)144 388.8 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 388.8 Q F1(\\v) +144 400.8 Q F0(the v)180 400.8 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 412.8 Q F0(the release of)180 412.8 Q +F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 424.8 Q F0 .115 +(the current w)180 424.8 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G +(ith)-2.615 E F3($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116 +(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR) +180 436.8 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E +F1(\\W)144 448.8 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 448.8 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0 +(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 460.8 Q F0 +(the history number of this command)180 460.8 Q F1(\\#)144 472.8 Q F0 +(the command number of this command)180 472.8 Q F1(\\$)144 484.8 Q F0 +(if the ef)180 484.8 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E +F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 496.8 Q F4 +(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 496.8 Q F4 +(nnn)2.5 E F1(\\\\)144 508.8 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 508.8 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1 +(\\[)144 520.8 Q F0(be)180 520.8 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\ + characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F +(control sequence into the prompt)180 532.8 Q F1(\\])144 544.8 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 544.8 Q .119 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 561.6 R .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 304.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(belo)108 316.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ +tory \214le \(see)108 573.6 R F3(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(belo)108 585.6 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 328.8 R +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 597.6 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 340.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 609.6 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 (pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 352.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E -F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 369.6 Q F0 .151 +F(description of the)108 621.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) +-.25 E F2(READLINE)72 638.4 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 381.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 393.6 R -.15 +108 650.4 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 662.4 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 (editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F13.709 E F0 1.209 (option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G -3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 405.6 Q .851 +3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 674.4 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F 3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 417.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 686.4 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 429.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) +(\(see)108 698.4 Q F3 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 (ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E -(emacs)108 441.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 458.4 Q -F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 470.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 482.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) --.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 494.4 S .83 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 -(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 -(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H -.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 506.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) --3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 518.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 535.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 547.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 -(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) -.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 559.2 R 1.018 -(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 571.2 Q -(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 588 R F3 -(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 600 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F -.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 -.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 612 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 -(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 -(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 624 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 640.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ -tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 652.8 -R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 664.8 R .196(en from the v) --.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G -2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ -es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 676.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 688.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) -6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 -(lines are ignored.)108 700.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 712.8 R -(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 729.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr) -3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(37)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(emacs)108 710.4 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(37)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(add their o)108 84 -Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 100.8 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 117.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 129.6 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 153.6 -Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G -(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument) --.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo)108 170.4 R 1.261 -(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G -(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 -E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.761 E -F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 182.4 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 -(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G -(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 -199.2 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G -2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209(ound to a string that is inserted when the k) --2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 211.2 Q F1(macr) -2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 228 Q -(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 240 R .666 --.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 -(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .264(command or the te) -108 252 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264 -(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .263(The name may be speci-) -5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 264 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 -(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 -(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) -3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 276 Q .161(When using the form)108 292.8 R F2 --.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 -E F1(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16 -(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-) -.15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 304.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) -144 328.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 340.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 352.8 Q .698(In the abo)108 369.6 R .998 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 381.6 Q F2 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Readline Notation)87 84 Q F0 .463 +(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k)108 96 R +-.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)2.963 G .463 +(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E +F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 108 R(Similarly)6.153 +E(,)-.65 E F2(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 +(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652 +(oM)-3.652 G 1.152(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke) +108 120 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G +2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F2(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F2(x)3.33 +E F0 3.33(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 +H .831(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 +H .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 132 R F2 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F2(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 144 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) +108 172.8 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 184.8 R 1.018 +(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 196.8 Q +(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 213.6 R F2 +(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F2 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 225.6 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2 +.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H +.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 237.6 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F +.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) +108 249.6 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 266.4 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ +ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 +278.4 R F2(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 290.4 R .196(en from the v) +-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 +-.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ +nd the k)108 302.4 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 314.4 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) +6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 +(lines are ignored.)108 326.4 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 +(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 338.4 R +(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 355.2 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) +3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 367.2 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 384 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 412.8 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 436.8 +Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2 +(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) +108 453.6 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F +F2 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2 +(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 +(,).73 E F2(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 465.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2 +(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G +(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 482.4 R .209(ws k)-.25 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 494.4 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 +(Readline K)87 511.2 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 523.2 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) +5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 535.2 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) +.15 F .263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 +547.2 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15 +(ey n)-.1 H .853(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or) +3.353 E F2(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853 +(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 559.2 Q .161 +(When using the form)108 576 R F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2 +(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 E F2(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A +F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 588 R(or e)-.15 +E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 612 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 +E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 624 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 636 Q .698(In the abo)108 652.8 R .998 -.15 +(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 664.8 Q F1 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 (C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -393.6 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 410.4 R F2("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 +676.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 693.6 R F1("k)2.555 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) +2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 +(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 (ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 422.4 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +(denoting an entire k)108 705.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 434.4 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 717.6 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 (xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 446.4 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 470.4 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 482.4 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 511.2 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 -G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 523.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G -.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 -(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 -(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 540 Q F2 -<5c43ad>144 552 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 552 Q F2<5c4dad>144 564 Q F0 -(meta pre\214x)180 564 Q F2(\\e)144 576 Q F0(an escape character)180 576 -Q F2(\\\\)144 588 Q F0(backslash)180 588 Q F2(\\")144 600 Q F0 -(literal ")180 600 Q F2<5c08>144 612 Q F0(literal \010)180 612 Q(In add\ -ition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslas\ -h escapes is a)108 628.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 640.8 -Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 640.8 Q F2(\\b)144 652.8 Q F0(backspace)180 -652.8 Q F2(\\d)144 664.8 Q F0(delete)180 664.8 Q F2(\\f)144 676.8 Q F0 -(form feed)180 676.8 Q F2(\\n)144 688.8 Q F0(ne)180 688.8 Q(wline)-.25 E -F2(\\r)144 700.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 700.8 Q F2(\\t)144 712.8 Q F0 -(horizontal tab)180 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 -E(38)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(are not recognized.)108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1) +141.79 E(38)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\v)144 84 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 84 S(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 96 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 96 Q -(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 108 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 108 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E("\\C\255u": uni) +144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 96 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 +(In this e)108 124.8 R(xample,)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(C\255u) +2.655 E F0 .315(is ag)3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E +F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 .314(is bound to the func-)3.544 +F(tion)108 136.8 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le) +-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0 +(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF +(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 153.6 Q F2 +<5c43ad>144 165.6 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 165.6 Q F2<5c4dad>144 177.6 +Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 177.6 Q F2(\\e)144 189.6 Q F0 +(an escape character)180 189.6 Q F2(\\\\)144 201.6 Q F0(backslash)180 +201.6 Q F2(\\")144 213.6 Q F0(literal ")180 213.6 Q F2<5c08>144 225.6 Q +F0(literal \010)180 225.6 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ +equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 242.4 Q -.25(va)-.2 +G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 254.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 254.4 Q F2(\\b) +144 266.4 Q F0(backspace)180 266.4 Q F2(\\d)144 278.4 Q F0(delete)180 +278.4 Q F2(\\f)144 290.4 Q F0(form feed)180 290.4 Q F2(\\n)144 302.4 Q +F0(ne)180 302.4 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 314.4 Q F0(carriage return)180 +314.4 Q F2(\\t)144 326.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 326.4 Q F2(\\v)144 +338.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 338.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 350.4 Q F1 +(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 350.4 Q +(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 362.4 Q F1(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 362.4 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 -124.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ -dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 136.8 R .09 +379.2 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ +dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 391.2 R .09 (xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) 5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F --.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 148.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 403.2 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F (will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 165.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E -.429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 420 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429 +(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.93 E F0 -.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 177.6 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 189.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 206.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 218.4 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 432 R .346 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F22.545 E F0 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F2(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 444 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(Readline V)87 460.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 472.8 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 230.4 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 247.2 Q F2 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 484.8 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 501.6 Q F1 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 -264 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) --.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v) -108 276 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F -.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 -(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) -2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -300 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 316.8 Q F0 .01 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 328.8 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) +518.4 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F +(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 +(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) +5.79 E .448(nized v)108 530.4 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F +.448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 +(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) +-.25 F(ti)108 542.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(\), and "1" are equi).15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 +(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 +(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467(he v)-5.468 F .467 +(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 554.4 S(lues are:) +.25 E F2(bell\255style \(audible\))108 571.2 Q F0 .01 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 583.2 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F2(none) 2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 340.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 595.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. 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If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F0 +(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 607.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(ell.)-2.5 E F2(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 619.2 Q F0 +.055(If set to)144 631.2 R F2(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 388.8 Q -.15 +(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 643.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 400.8 Q(en \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 412.8 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F2(blink\255matching\255par)108 655.2 Q(en \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 667.2 R F2(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 (eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F -(parenthesis is inserted.)144 424.8 Q F1(color)108 436.8 Q +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 679.2 Q F2(color)108 691.2 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) -144 448.8 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ +144 703.2 R F2(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.936(completions using a dif)144 460.8 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F +2.936(completions using a dif)144 715.2 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 472.8 Q -F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 484.8 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 496.8 R F1(On)4.079 E -F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) --4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 -(type. The)144 508.8 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v) --.1 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 520.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 532.8 R -F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 544.8 Q F1 -(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(-1\))108 -556.8 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible \ -matches when performing completion.)144 568.8 R .194(The v)144 580.8 R -.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ -screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 592.8 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 604.8 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 616.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ -insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 628.8 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 -640.8 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) -2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F -.093(yphens \()-.05 F F2A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 -F(\()144 652.8 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 -H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 664.8 Q -(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ -ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ -splayed)144 676.8 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 688.8 R 1.274 -(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) --.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 700.8 S(lue are rep\ -laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(39)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F2(LS_COLORS)144 727.2 Q +F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(39)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 84 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 96 R .529 +SF(color)108 84 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 96 R +F1(On)4.079 E F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579 +(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.079 F 1.58 +(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 108 R +(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)-.25 +E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(comment\255begin \(`)108 120 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .885 +(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 132 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 144 Q F1 +(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(-1\))108 +156 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible ma\ +tches when performing completion.)144 168 R .194(The v)144 180 R .193(a\ +lue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal screen\ + width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 192 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 204 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 216 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C +(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ +siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 228 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 240 R +F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E +(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 +(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 +(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 252 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G +(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E +.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 +(completion\255pr)108 264 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 +.829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ +ble completions that is displayed)144 276 R 1.274 +(without modi\214cation.)144 288 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 +(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 300 S(lue are replaced with an \ +ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 312 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 324 R .529 (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 108 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +144 336 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 120 R +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 348 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 132 S .237 +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 360 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 144 Q F1(con)108 156 -Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 168 R F1(On) +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 372 Q F1(con)108 384 +Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 396 R F1(On) 3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 (rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 180 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 192 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E -(ault is)-.1 E F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E -F2(Of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 -E F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 216 R -F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +144 408 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F +(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 420 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 +(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) +-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 432 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 444 R F1 +(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 228 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 240 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 -(When set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 +144 456 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 468 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 +(When set to)144 480 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 (perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 264 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 276 Q F0 .142 -(Controls whether readline be)144 288 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 492 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 504 Q F0 .142 +(Controls whether readline be)144 516 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F .441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 (or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 300 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(enable\255brack)108 312 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.221 -(When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 -(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 -(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 336 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +(can be set to either)144 528 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 540 Q F0 .051(This string i\ +s displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when\ + emacs editing)144 552 R .293(mode is acti)144 564 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +5.293(.T).15 G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293 +(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793(eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 576 +Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 +(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 +(gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ +n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 588 R +(the mode string.)144 600 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 612 Q +(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.221(When set to)144 624 R F1(On)3.721 +E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w) +-3.721 F 1.221(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 +(paste into the editing b)144 636 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 -(it had been read from the k)144 348 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +(it had been read from the k)144 648 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) .15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 360 Q F1(enable\255k)108 372 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 -(When set to)144 384 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +144 660 Q F1(enable\255k)108 672 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +(When set to)144 684 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 396 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 408 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 -(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 -(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 432 Q -(On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H -2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 444 Q F0(If set to)144 456 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 468 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 480 R F1(On) -3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 492 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G -(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 504 Q F0 .948 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 -(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 528 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 -(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) -2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 540 R .277(By def)5.277 F -.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 552 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 -F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 -(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 564 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 576 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 588 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 -(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ - when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 600 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 612 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 624 -Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ -e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ -it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 648 R -.05(ga) --.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) -144 660 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) --.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 -(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 -(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 672 Q F1 -(isear)108 684 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.934(ing the character as a command.)144 708 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 720 Q F2 -(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(40)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 696 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(40)190.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(ke)108 84 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021 -(Set the current readline k)144 96 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F -2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 -(map names is).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.02 +SF(enable\255meta\255k)108 84 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64(When set to)144 +96 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F +3.14(ym)-.15 G .64(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 108 Q +(On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H +2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 120 Q F0(If set to)144 132 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 144 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 156 R F1(On) +3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 168 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G +(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history\255size \(unset\))108 180 Q F0 .948 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 +(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 204 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 +(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) +2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 216 R .277(By def)5.277 F +.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 228 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 +F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 +F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 240 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 252 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 +(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 +(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ + when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ + ne)144 276 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 288 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 300 +Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 312 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ +e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ +it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 324 R -.05(ga) +-.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F +.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) +144 336 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 +(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 +(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 348 Q F1 +(isear)108 360 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ +ental search without subsequently e)144 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.934(ing the character as a command.)144 384 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 396 Q F2 +(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) +108 408 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +420 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 (emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 108 R F0 2.568(,a)C +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 432 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 120 R -.25(va)-.25 +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 444 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 132 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 144 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ -ed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs ed\ -iting)144 156 R .293(mode is acti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.293(.T).15 -G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 -(eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 180 -Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 -(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 -(gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ -n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 192 R -(the mode string.)144 204 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 216 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) -.1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 228 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G -(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 456 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 468 S +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 480 R +F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 240 R +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 492 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) -.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 252 R .62 +-.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 504 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 264 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 516 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 (va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 -(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 276 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 528 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 288 R(alue,)-.25 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 540 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(to decide which k)144 300 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 312 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 552 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 564 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 576 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 336 Q F0(If set to)144 -348 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 588 Q F0(If set to)144 +600 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 360 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 372 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 612 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 624 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 384 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 636 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 396 Q F0 .193(This v)144 408 R +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 648 Q F0 .193(This v)144 660 R .193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 420 R .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 672 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) -2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 432 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 444 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 456 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 684 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 696 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 708 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 468 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 -.506(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ -display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 504 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 -(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .884 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 516 Q F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 528 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 540 R F1(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) -3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 -(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 552 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 564 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 576 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 -F(order)144 588 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 600 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .698(If set to)144 612 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 -(eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 624 S -2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 -(ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 636 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 648 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 660 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 672 R(bell.)144 684 Q F1 -(sho)108 696 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 708 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 720 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 -(ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(41)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 720 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1) +141.79 E(41)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.039(without an) -144 84 R 3.539(yp)-.15 G 1.039 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(output\255meta \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .506(If set to)144 96 R F1(On) +3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ +hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 108 Q +.885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884 +(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .884 +(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 120 Q F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 132 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 144 R F1(On) +3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) +3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F +(tions at a time.)144 156 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 168 Q F0 1.319 +(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 +F(order)144 192 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .698(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +(eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) +-3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 228 S +2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 +(ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 240 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 252 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .303(This alters the def)144 264 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) +2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 276 R(bell.)144 288 Q F1 +(sho)108 300 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 312 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 324 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 336 R 3.539 +(yp)-.15 G 1.039 (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 96 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 108 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 1.019(If set to)144 120 R F1(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 348 Q F1 +(sho)108 360 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.019 +(If set to)144 372 R F1(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 (dd a character to the be)-3.519 F 1.018 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F -(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 132 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 156 R +(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 384 Q F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 396 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 (ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 168 Q +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 420 Q 2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 (hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 180 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 192 Q +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 432 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 444 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 204 Q F0 1.198(This string\ +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 456 Q F0 1.198(This string\ is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 216 R .521(mode is acti)144 228 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 +en vi editing)144 468 R .521(mode is acti)144 480 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .822 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .522 (inding, so the standard).15 F .87(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 -240 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G +492 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be) -144 252 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ +144 504 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 264 Q F1 -(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 276 Q F0 1.198(This string\ +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 516 Q F1 +(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 528 Q F0 1.198(This string\ is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 288 R .782(mode is acti)144 300 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 +en vi editing)144 540 R .782(mode is acti)144 552 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .783(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .783(The v)5.783 F .783(alue is e) -.25 F .783(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.283(eak)-.1 G 1.083 -.15(ey b)-3.383 H .783(inding, so the standard).15 F .87 -(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 312 R .869 +(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 564 R .869 (es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369 (ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be)144 -324 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ +576 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 336 Q F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 360 R F1(On) +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 588 Q F1 +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 600 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 612 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 -(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 372 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 388.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 400.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 +(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B +(when listing possible completions.)144 624 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 640.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 652.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 412.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(which allo)108 664.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 441.6 Q F0(The)144 441.6 Q F1($if)2.962 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 676.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 693.6 Q F0(The)144 693.6 Q F1($if)2.962 E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 -(or the application using readline.)144 453.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(or the application using readline.)144 705.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 465.6 Q F1(mode)144 482.4 Q F0(The)180 -482.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 -(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 -(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. This)180 494.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F -F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) -3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 506.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E -(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 -(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 518.4 -Q F1(term)144 535.2 Q F0(The)180 535.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 547.2 R -.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 -(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 559.2 Q F1(=)3.232 -E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ -minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -571.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 -(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 588 Q F0(The)180 600 -Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 -(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F -.503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -612 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -624 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 636 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 -(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 648 Q -(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 672 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 684 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 -E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 696 Q F1($endif)180 708 Q -F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(42)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(are required to isolate it.)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(42)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF($endif)108 84 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 84 Q(vious e) --.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -($else)108 100.8 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 100.8 Q F1($if) -2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 117.6 Q F0 .356 -(This directi)144 129.6 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +SF(mode)144 84 Q F0(The)180 84 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) +3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 +(su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F +3.065(mode. This)180 96 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 +F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 +E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F +(out in emacs mode.)180 120 Q F1(term)144 136.8 Q F0(The)180 136.8 Q F1 +(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 148.8 R +.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 +(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 160.8 Q F1(=)3.232 +E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ +minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 +172.8 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 189.6 Q F0(The)180 +201.6 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F +.503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 +213.6 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +225.6 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 237.6 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 249.6 +Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 273.6 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 285.6 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) +-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 297.6 Q F1($endif)180 +309.6 Q($endif)108 326.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 326.4 +Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.) +2.5 E F1($else)108 343.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 343.2 Q +F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 360 Q F0 +.356(This directi)144 372 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 141.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 --.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 -E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 165.6 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 -E F1(Sear)87 182.4 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 194.4 R .835 +144 384 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 +($include)144 408 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 424.8 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 436.8 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 206.4 Q +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 448.8 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 223.2 R .697 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 465.6 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 235.2 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 477.6 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 247.2 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +(incremental search requires only as man)108 489.6 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 259.2 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +(acters present in the v)108 501.6 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 271.2 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 513.6 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 283.2 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +F .097(mental search.)108 525.6 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 (When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 295.2 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) -108 312 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type Con\ -trol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 324 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +e search string becomes the current line.)108 537.6 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) +108 554.4 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 +(search backw)108 566.4 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 (ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 (xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 336 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -.174 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 578.4 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 348 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +.541(instance, a)108 590.4 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 (will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 360 Q -.653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 376.8 R -.653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 602.4 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 619.2 +R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) -3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 388.8 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 631.2 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 405.6 R(The searc\ -h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 417.6 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 434.4 Q F0 1.391 -(The follo)108 446.4 R 1.391 +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 648 R(The search \ +string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the curre\ +nt line.)108 660 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 676.8 Q F0 1.391 +(The follo)108 688.8 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 458.4 R .122 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 700.8 R .122 (names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 470.4 Q F2(point)3.41 E +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 712.8 Q F2(point)3.41 E F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 482.4 Q F0 2.5 +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 724.8 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 499.2 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 511.2 Q F0(Mo)144 523.2 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 535.2 Q F0(Mo)144 547.2 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 -559.2 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 571.2 Q .3 -.15(ve f) --.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 583.2 Q F0(Mo)144 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b) --.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 607.2 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 619.2 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) --.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 631.2 Q F1(backward\255w)108 643.2 Q -(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 655.2 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 -(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 667.2 Q F1(shell\255f)108 679.2 -Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 691.2 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 -(ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) --.8 F(ters.)144 703.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E -(43)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E +(43)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(shell\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .908 -.15 -(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609 -(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 108 Q -F1(clear\255scr)108 120 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 132 R .993 +SF(Commands f)87 84 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E +(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 96 Q F0(Mo)144 108 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 120 Q F0(Mo)144 132 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 144 S +(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 156 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 +168 Q F0(Mo)144 180 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E +F1 -.25(fo)108 192 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 204 +Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 +(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 216 Q F1(backward\255w)108 228 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 240 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 252 Q F1(shell\255f)108 264 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 276 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) +-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F +(ters.)144 288 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 +312 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 324 Q +F1(clear\255scr)108 336 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 348 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 156 +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 360 Q F1 -.18(re)108 372 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -168 Q F1(Commands f)87 184.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 196.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 -(Accept the line re)144 208.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 +384 Q F1(Commands f)87 400.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 412.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 +(Accept the line re)144 424.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) 5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 220.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(according to the state of the)144 436.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 232.8 Q F1(pr)108 -244.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 256.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 268.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 280.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 448.8 Q F1(pr)108 +460.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 472.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 484.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 496.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 292.8 Q F0(Mo)144 304.8 Q .3 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 508.8 Q F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 316.8 Q F0(Mo)144 328.8 Q +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 532.8 Q F0(Mo)144 544.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 340.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.47(Search backw)144 352.8 R 1.471 +(re v)108 556.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 +1.47(Search backw)144 568.8 R 1.471 (ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 364.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 376.8 S +(This is an incremental search.)144 580.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 592.8 S (rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 388.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) +(Search forw)144 604.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) -.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 400.8 Q F1 -(non\255incr)108 412.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 616.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 628.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H (rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) -144 424.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ -sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 436.8 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 448.8 Q +144 640.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 652.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 664.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 460.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 676.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 -472.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 484.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 496.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +688.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 700.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 712.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 508.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 520.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) -144 532.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ -etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 544.8 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 556.8 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 -568.8 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 -(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 580.8 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 -(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 -(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 592.8 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 -(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) --2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 604.8 R .282(vious command.) --.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 616.8 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 628.8 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 640.8 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 652.8 S .204(th a numeric ar) -.4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F -(e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi) --5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar) -2.703 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 664.8 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 -(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 -(ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 676.8 R(An)6.396 E -3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 688.8 R .791 -.15(ve t) --.15 H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 -(ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 700.8 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F -.494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 -(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -712.8 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(44)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(and the point.)144 724.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(44)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 84 Q F0 .622 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 96 R .622 +SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) +144 96 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters betw\ +een the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 108 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) +108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard \ +through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ +he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 144 +R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 +(search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 +(line. This)144 156 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 +(history\255substring\255sear)108 168 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 +.248(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 +(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F +.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) +5.318 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 228 R .622 +(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 +240 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.294 E F0 +3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) +-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 264 R .282(vious command.) +-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 276 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 288 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 +F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 +E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 +(ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E +1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 336 R(An)6.396 E +3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) +.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 348 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 +H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 +(ument switches the direction).18 F .494 +(through the history \(back or forw)144 360 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +.494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 +(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 +372 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .622 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 396 R .622 (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 108 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 -(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 408 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 120 Q F0 .939 -(Perform history e)144 132 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .939 +(Perform history e)144 432 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 144 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 156 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 168 R 1.626 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F2 +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 456 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 468 R 1.626 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 (HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 180 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 192 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 204 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 216 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 228 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 240 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 252 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 264 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +(belo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 504 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 540 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 552 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 564 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 276 Q F0 .947 -(Accept the current line for e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 576 Q F0 .947 +(Accept the current line for e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F -(history for editing.)144 300 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(history for editing.)144 600 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G (ument is ignored.).18 E F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 312 Q F0(In)144 -324 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 612 Q F0(In)144 +624 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 336 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) --.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0 -(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E -2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 -352.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 364.8 -Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 376.8 R .799 +(attempts to in)144 636 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL) +-.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0 +(and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) +-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 652.8 Q(or Changing T) +-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 664.8 Q F1 +(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 676.8 R .799 (xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 (ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 388.8 R +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 688.8 R .592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 400.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 412.8 Q F0 .441 -(Delete the character at point.)144 424.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 436.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) --2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 448.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 460.8 R -5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 472.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 484.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 496.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 508.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 520.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 -532.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 -(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 -(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 544.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 556.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 568.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 580.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 592.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 604.8 Q F0 .321 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 616.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 -(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -628.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 640.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E -.3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 652.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -664.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) --2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 676.8 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 688.8 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 -700.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 712.8 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(45)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(as the end of input and returns)144 700.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(45)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(do)108 84 Q(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 96 Q -1.647(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 84 Q F0 .441 +(Delete the character at point.)144 96 R .442 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 +E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) +108 120 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 132 R 5.553 +(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 144 Q F1 -.25 +(fo)108 156 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 168 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 180 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 192 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +204 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) +-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 +(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C +(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 216 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) +108 228 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 252 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 264 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) +108 276 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 288 R .321 +(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 +(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 +(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 300 +R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 312 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 +-.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 324 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +336 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 348 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 360 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 372 +R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E +(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 396 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 408 Q 1.647 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 108 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 132 +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 432 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 444 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 144 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 156 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 168 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 456 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 468 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 480 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 180 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +(Wi)144 492 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 (gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 192 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 504 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) 4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 204 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 516 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 216 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +.957(pushing the te)144 528 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 (Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 228 Q +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 540 Q (By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -244.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 256.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 268.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 280.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 292.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 304.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 316.8 +556.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 568.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 580.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 592.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 604.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 616.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 628.8 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 328.8 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 640.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -340.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 352.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 364.8 R .728 +652.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 676.8 R .728 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 376.8 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 688.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 388.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 400.8 Q(ord behind point.) +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 700.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 712.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 412.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 424.8 -R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 436.8 S -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 448.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 460.8 R 3.025 -(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 472.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 484.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 496.8 R .364 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -508.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 520.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) -144 532.8 R .166 -(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 544.8 Q -(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 556.8 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 568.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 -580.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 592.8 Q(xt in the current re) --.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 604.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E -F0(Cop)144 616.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E -(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 640.8 Q 4.8(yt) --.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E -(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 -652.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 664.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E -(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 676.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008 -(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 -E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G -(ward\255w)144 688.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 700.8 Q -F0 -1(Ya)144 712.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer at point.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(46) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(46)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 84 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) +108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 132 R 3.025 +(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 156 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 168 R .364 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 +180 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 192 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 +204 R .166 +(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 216 Q +(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 228 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 240 Q F1(kill\255r)108 252 +Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 264 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E +(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 276 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) +144 288 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) +-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 324 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 336 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 348 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) +-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 372 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 384 S +(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 396 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 112.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 124.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 424.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 436.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 136.8 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 448.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 160.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 172.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 472.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 484.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -184.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -196.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +496.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +508.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 208.8 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 520.8 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 220.8 R 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 532.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 232.8 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 544.8 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 556.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 261.6 Q(complete \(T)108 273.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 285.6 R 1.137 +87 573.6 Q(complete \(T)108 585.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 597.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 297.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 609.6 Q .532(xt as a v) -.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 309.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +144 621.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 321.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 333.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 345.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 357.6 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 369.6 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 633.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 645.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 669.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 681.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -381.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 393.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -405.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +693.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 705.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +717.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 417.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +1.193(possible completions.)144 729.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 429.6 R .828 -(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 441.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 -3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F -.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 453.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 -(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 465.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) -5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 477.6 Q F0 .82 -(Identical to)144 489.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 -(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 -(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 501.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) -.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 513.6 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 525.6 R -.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 537.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 -(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 -(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 549.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 561.6 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 573.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 585.6 Q -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 597.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 609.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 621.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 633.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 645.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -657.6 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 -669.6 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1(possible\255v)108 681.6 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 693.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 705.6 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 717.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(47)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(47)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 84 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 96 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .829 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 84 R .828 +(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F +.727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2 +(n)3.228 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 108 R 1.73 +(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 +-.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 120 Q +(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 +2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(menu\255complete\255backward)108 132 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 144 R F1 +(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 +(menu\255complete)144 156 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) +.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 168 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 180 R .234 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 +E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) +2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 +204 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 216 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 228 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 +(complete\255user)108 264 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) +108 288 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 +312 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(possible\255v)108 336 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 360 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 108 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 120 R .581 +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 384 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 396 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 420 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 132 R +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 144 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 156 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 456 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 180 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 R .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 204 Q F1(dab)108 216 Q(br)-.1 E +(for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1(dab)108 516 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 228 R .611 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 528 R .611 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 240 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 252 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 552 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 264 R(the list is a)144 276 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 564 R(the list is a)144 576 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 292.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 304.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 316.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 592.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 616.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 328.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 340.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 628.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 640.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 352.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 364.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) -.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 376.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 388.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 400.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 417.6 Q -.18(re)108 429.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 441.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 -(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -453.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 465.6 Q F0 3.248 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 477.6 R -5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 489.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 501.6 Q -(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 513.6 R F2(x) -4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 -(wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F -(uppercase character)144 525.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 537.6 Q -(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 549.6 Q -(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 -(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 561.6 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 573.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 585.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 597.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 -F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E -F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 609.6 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 621.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 633.6 Q -(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 645.6 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 657.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E -(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 669.6 Q F0(Sw) -144 681.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 -(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) -144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 705.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 -717.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 729.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(48)192.055 E 0 Cg EP + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 676.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 700.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F2(inputr)2.5 +E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 +E(48)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(character\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 -3.544(Ac)144 96 S 1.044(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 +SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) +-.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F +(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +(bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 168 Q(wer)-.1 E +(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.239 +E F0 1.739 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 +F(meta\214ed lo)144 192 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) +-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E +(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 204 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 +(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F +3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E +F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F +(return the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q +(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 312 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 +348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 384 S +.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 420 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 108 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 120 Q F0 1.826 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 132 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 444 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 456 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) -.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 144 R .791 +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 468 R .791 (Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 156 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 (sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) -.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ -y characters into the editing b)144 168 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) --.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 180 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +y characters into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 504 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -192 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 204 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) -.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 --.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 216 Q .245 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .245 (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 -(the characters at the be)144 228 R .321 +(the characters at the be)144 552 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 240 R F1 +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1 (comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 (ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 252 R 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 576 R 1.468 (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 264 Q F0 .84 +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .84 (causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 276 Q -.15 +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 600 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 288 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 300 R .791 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 624 R .791 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 312 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 636 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ -le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 324 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 336 R .176 +le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) +-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 660 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 348 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 360 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 372 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 384 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 684 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 696 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 708 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 396 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 -(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 408 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 420 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 432 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) -5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 444 Q -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 456 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 468 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 480 R .304 -(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 492 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 504 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 516 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 528 Q -.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 540 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 552 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 564 Q -(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 580.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 -592.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 -(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 604.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 616.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 633.6 R .497 -(If the command w)5.497 F .498 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 -645.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 -(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) -5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 657.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 669.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F -.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 681.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ -r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 693.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 -G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0(option to) -108 705.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E -.817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ - matching w)108 722.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 -(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E -(49)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(49)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(found, the def)108 -84 Q(ault)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 -(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 100.8 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S +(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 156 R .304 +(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 204 Q +.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q +(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F +F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .497 +(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) +5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0(option to) +108 381.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +.817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ + matching w)108 398.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 410.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 +E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 427.2 R .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 112.8 R .595 +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 439.2 R .595 (When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 124.8 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E -F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 141.6 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 -G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 +(shell v)108 451.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 468 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G +1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 480 S .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 (shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 165.6 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 182.4 Q +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 492 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 508.8 Q .321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 (The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -194.4 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +520.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F .413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 206.4 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(using brace e)108 532.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 (xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 -218.4 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +544.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -230.4 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +556.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 (rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 242.4 Q +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 568.8 Q (ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 259.2 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 585.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 (een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 (hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 271.2 R -.2 +F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 597.6 R -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2 -(COMP_KEY)108 283.2 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 609.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 (va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 (alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 (Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -295.2 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 +621.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 (riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 307.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(the function or command is in)108 633.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C 2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 319.2 R .264 +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 645.6 R .264 (gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) -2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 331.2 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 657.6 R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 343.2 R +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 669.6 R .715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 355.2 Q(An)108 372 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 384 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og) -.65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 396 -Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne) -108 412.8 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 .081 -(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) --2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 424.8 -R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ -d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -436.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 453.6 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 465.6 R -.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 477.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G -(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 -(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 489.6 R -(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 501.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 -(tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 -(ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 513.6 Q F0 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -530.4 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 -F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E -F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) -3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 542.4 Q .246 -(If the pre)108 559.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) --.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F -F1(complete)108 571.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 588 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 -F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 -(when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 600 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 616.8 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 628.8 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 640.8 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 652.8 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 -(ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 664.8 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 -1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -676.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) -2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 693.6 R .632(tions force\ - readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 705.6 R 2.762(to the v)108 717.6 R 2.762 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 729.6 -Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(50)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +108 681.6 Q(An)108 698.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 +(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 +(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 710.4 Q F1 +(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 +722.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 +E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(50)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .19 -(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 84 R -.191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 -(tion with a def)108 96 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83 -(sp)-.55 G 1.33(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion\ - should be retried by returning an e)108 108 R .93(xit status of 124.) --.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the c\ -ompspec associated with the command on which completion is)108 120 R -.665(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 132 R .666 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Ne)108 84 Q .08 +(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv) +-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .081 +(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 96 R .359(should pr\ +int a list of completions, one per line, to the standard output.)2.859 F +.358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 108 Q +(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 124.8 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 136.8 R +.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 +(the w)108 148.8 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 160.8 R +(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 172.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +(tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 +(ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 184.8 Q F0 +(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 +201.6 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 +F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E +F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) +3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 213.6 Q .246 +(If the pre)108 230.4 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) +-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F +F1(complete)108 242.4 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 +(If the)108 259.2 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +(when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 271.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 +(By def)108 288 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F +.632(of possible completions.)108 300 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 E +F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 312 R .558 +(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 +F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 324 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 +(ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 336 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 348 +Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E +.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ +d, the programmable completion func-)108 364.8 R .632(tions force readl\ +ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ +rectories, subject)108 376.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 388.8 R 2.762 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 400.8 +Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E +.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +417.6 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +(tion with a def)108 429.6 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F +F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 +(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 +F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ + by returning an e)108 441.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) +5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\ +ed with the command on which completion is)108 453.6 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 465.6 R .666 (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 (cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 -144 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 -G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F .083 -(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 156 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ -ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 -(Fo)108 172.8 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +477.6 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 489.6 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 +E -.15(Fo)108 506.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 184.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 518.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 201.6 Q({)108 213.6 Q 6 -(.")144 225.6 S +E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 535.2 Q({)108 547.2 Q 6 +(.")144 559.2 S (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -237.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -249.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 278.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.372(When the)108 290.4 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 +571.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 +583.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 612 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 +.372(When the)108 624 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 (option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 (iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 302.4 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 +(the list of commands pre)108 636 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 (The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) 2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .43(mands to sa)108 314.4 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 +F .43(mands to sa)108 648 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 (istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 (HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -326.4 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 338.4 -S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +660 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 672 S +4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 350.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0 .082 +(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 684 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 367.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +108 700.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -379.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +712.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 391.2 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 724.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 403.2 S -.142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 415.2 Q 1.604 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 -(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098 -(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 427.2 R .098 -(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F -.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 439.2 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E -F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 -(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 -($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 -(copied from the history list to)108 451.2 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A -F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F1(shopt)108 -463.2 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 -(w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.197(history \214le is o)108 475.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) -.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ - unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 487.2 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 -G .584 -(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 499.2 R -3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 -(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 511.2 -R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G -1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 523.2 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E -F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 535.2 Q -(alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 552 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see)2.798 -E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 564 R(The) -5.472 E F1(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 576 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 588 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 604.8 -R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 -(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 616.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G -.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F1 -(cmdhist)108 628.8 Q F0 .75 -(shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 --.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 640.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 -(dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 652.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 664.8 R F1(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 -(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 -(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -676.8 Q F3(HIST)72 693.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E -(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 705.6 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 717.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 -(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 729.6 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 -(option to the)4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E -(51)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(51)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(belo)108 84 Q 2.5 -(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -1.305(History e)108 100.8 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ -ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ -t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 112.8 R .21(guments to a pre) --.18 F .209 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S +.142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 96 Q 1.604 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 +(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098 +(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 108 R .098 +(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F +.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 120 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFORMA) +3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as) +3.559 G 1.059(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last) +-.15 F F1($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 +(copied from the history list to)108 132 R F1($HISTFILE)2.659 E/F2 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .159(If the)4.659 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F3(shopt)108 +144 Q F0(under)2.581 E F1 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 +(w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F +.197(history \214le is o)108 156 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If).15 +F F1(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is unw\ +ritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 +(If the)108 168 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G +.584(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark) +.25 F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 180 R +3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 +(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 192 R +1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G +1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 +(truncated to contain no more than)108 204 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 +3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 216 Q +(alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 +(The b)108 232.8 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 244.8 R +(The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 256.8 R .001 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 268.8 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 285.6 +R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 297.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3 +(cmdhist)108 309.6 Q F0 .75 +(shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 +-.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 321.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 333.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 +(description of the)108 345.6 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 +(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 +357.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 374.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) +-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 +(The shell supports a history e)108 386.4 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 +(describes what syntax features are a)108 398.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F +2.014(can be disabled using the)108 410.4 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +(option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 422.4 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F +.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 439.2 R 1.305 +(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ + input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 +(commands, insert the ar)108 451.2 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 124.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -141.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S 3.2 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 463.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +480 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \ +read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 492 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 165.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ -tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 177.6 R/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F1(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F1(modi\214er)108 189.6 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 +3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 504 R 1.868(second is to select porti\ +ons of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 +(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 516 R/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F5(wor) +3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F5(modi\214er)108 528 Q +(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 (ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 (line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 201.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 +(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 540 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 (-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 213.6 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 +(one w)108 552 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 (pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 225.6 Q -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.511 E F0 .178(by def)3.511 F 2.678 -(ault. Only)-.1 F .178(backslash \()2.678 F F2(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a) -.833 G .178(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .177 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 564 Q F3 +(!)3.511 E F0 .178(by def)3.511 F 2.678(ault. Only)-.1 F .178 +(backslash \()2.678 F F3(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a).833 G .178 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .177 (xpansion character)-.15 F 2.677(,b)-.4 G .177(ut the his-)-2.877 F .67 -(tory e)108 237.6 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if\ - it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F -(double-quoted string.)108 249.6 Q(Se)108 266.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(tory e)108 576 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if i\ +t immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F +(double-quoted string.)108 588 Q(Se)108 604.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 278.4 T +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 616.8 T 3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 290.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 307.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E +-.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.163 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 628.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 645.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.61 E F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 319.2 R F2 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 657.6 R F3 (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) -3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F3(shopt) +3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F3 -.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 331.2 R +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 669.6 R 5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 -(is reloaded into the)108 343.2 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 +(is reloaded into the)108 681.6 R F3 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) --.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 -(is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 355.2 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 +-.25 F(If)6.516 E F3 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 +(is being used, and the)4.016 F F3(histr)108 693.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 367.2 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F23.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 379.2 -S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F22.556 -E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F3 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 705.6 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F33.66 E F0 1.16 +(option to the)3.66 F F3(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 717.6 +S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F32.556 +E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F3(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G .055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 391.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(end of the history list without actually e)108 729.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 408 R 2.2 -(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 -420 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F2 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 -(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 432 Q F2 -(Ev)87 448.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 460.8 R -.15(ve) --.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 489.6 -Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 489.6 R 1.608 -(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 501.6 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 -(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 513.6 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 -513.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 525.6 Q F1(n)A F0 -(Refer to the current command minus)144 525.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2 -(!!)108 537.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 537.6 Q(vious command.)-.25 E -(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 549.6 Q F1(string) -A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ -on in the history list starting with)144 549.6 R F1(string)144 561.6 Q -F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 573.6 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the\ - most recent command preceding the current position in the history list\ - containing)144 585.6 R F1(string)144 597.6 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing) --5 E F2(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F1(string)2.84 E F0(is follo) -2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 -SF(^)108 614.6 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 -.783(Quick substitution.)144 621.6 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784 -(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F1 -(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784 -(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 633.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F1(string1)A F0(/)A F1 -(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 645.6 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)144 645.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 --.75(Wo)87 662.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 674.4 S 1.314 -(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 686.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G -3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 -(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 -($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F23.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 698.4 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 710.4 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(52)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(52)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF 2.5(0\()108 84 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 96 Q 2.5 -(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 108 Q F0(The)144 108 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w) -A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 120 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 120 Q 2.5 -(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 132 Q F0 .063 -(The last w)144 132 R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar) -2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064 -(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 -144 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 156 Q F0(The w)144 156 Q -(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2 -(x)108.77 168 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 168 S(ange of w)-2.5 E -(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E -F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 180 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 180 R .316 -(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F -.315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315 -(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F -(just one w)144 192 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 204 Q F0 -(Abbre)144 204 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 216 Q -F0(Abbre)144 216 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1 -(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 -232.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 249.6 Q F0 .183 -(After the optional w)108 261.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 -G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F -.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 273.6 Q F1(h) -108 290.4 Q F0(Remo)144 290.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.2 +(The shell allo)108 84 R 2.2(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2 +(arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 2.2 +(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 96 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +(nder).15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B +1.146(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 108 Q F1 +(Ev)87 124.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 136.8 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ + history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) +108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 165.6 +Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 165.6 R 1.608 +(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 177.6 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)144 189.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 +201.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 201.6 Q F2(n) +2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 213.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 213.6 Q +(vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!) +108 225.6 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ +ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 225.6 R +F2(string)144 237.6 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 249.6 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A +F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positio\ +n in the history list containing)144 261.6 R F2(string)144 273.6 Q F0 5 +(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2 +(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.) +-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 290.6 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2 +(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .783(Quick substitution.)144 297.6 R .783 +(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1) +3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F2(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 +E -.25(va)-.25 G .784(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 309.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F2 +(string1)A F0(/)A F2(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1 +(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 321.6 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)144 321.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 338.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 350.4 S 1.314 +(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 +(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.529(from the w)108 362.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 +(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 +($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 +(are numbered from the be)108 374.4 R 1.301 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F +(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 386.4 Q +F1 2.5(0\()108 403.2 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 415.2 Q +2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E +F2(n)108.36 427.2 Q F0(The)144 427.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E +F1(^)108 439.2 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 439.2 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 451.2 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 451.2 +R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 +(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F +.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 463.2 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +F1(%)108 475.2 Q F0(The w)144 475.2 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) +-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 487.2 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 +2.5(Ar)144 487.2 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C +(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 499.2 Q F0 +.316(All of the w)144 499.2 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 +F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 +(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 511.2 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 +523.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 523.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<78ad>108 535.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 535.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 +(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E +(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 552 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E +(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 +(Modi\214ers)87 568.8 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 580.8 R .183 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 592.8 Q F1(h)108 +609.6 Q F0(Remo)144 609.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 302.4 Q F0(Remo)144 302.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +108 621.6 Q F0(Remo)144 621.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 314.4 Q F0(Remo)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +108 633.6 Q F0(Remo)144 633.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 326.4 Q F0(Remo)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15 +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 645.6 Q F0(Remo)144 645.6 Q .3 -.15 (ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 -338.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 338.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E -(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 350.4 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 350.4 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 362.4 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 362.4 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 +657.6 Q F0(Print the ne)144 657.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E +(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 669.6 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 669.6 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 681.6 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 681.6 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) -2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 374.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 386.4 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 693.6 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E +F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 705.6 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 (for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) 3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 398.4 R .617 +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 717.6 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) 5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 -F .666(be quoted in)144 410.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) +F .666(be quoted in)144 729.6 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) 3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 422.4 R -(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 -F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 -(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 434.4 Q F2(string) -2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 -(&)108 446.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 446.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E -F1(g)108 458.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 458.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 -(nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A -F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 470.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 -(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 482.4 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 -(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 494.4 Q F0 -(.)A F1(G)108 506.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 506.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s) -A F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 523.2 Q -(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 -(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 535.2 R .062(uiltin command documen\ -ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1108 -547.2 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F12.534 E F0 .034 -(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0 -(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 559.2 R F14.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E -6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F1(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(logout)4.049 E F0 -(,)A F1 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 -E F0(,)A F1(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) --4.049 E F1(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F -.261(process ar)108 571.2 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) --.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E -F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26 -(guments b)-.18 F .26(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 -(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 583.2 R 1.154 -(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F13.654 E F0 1.154 -(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F1 -3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 595.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 613.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 625.2 R .452 -(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 637.2 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 654 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 666 Q(ce)-.18 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 -(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 -(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 -(status of the last command e)144 690 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458(cuted from) -.15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2(\214lename) -5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F .608 -(names in)144 702 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -.608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename) -3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F4 --.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832(is not in)3.333 F F2 -.832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 -(\214le is found in)144 726 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 -E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(53)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F0 5.666(.A).77 G(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(53) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)144 84 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112 -(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 -E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112 -(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2(\214lename)144 96 Q F0 -1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697 -(the positional parameters are unchanged.)4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F -/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF4.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F(enabled,) -144 108 Q F3(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an)3.618 F 3.618 -(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F3(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C -3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118(ot, an) --3.618 F(y)-.15 E F3(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117(trap string is sa) -3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 -(restored around the call to)144 120 R F3(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.86 -(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F3(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F F3 -(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 -(cutes. If).15 F F32.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 -(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 132 R F3(DEB)3.935 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .274 +(single backslash will quote the &.)144 84 R(If)5.274 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last) +3.544 F F1(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G +2.775(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 96 Q F1(string)2.84 +E F0(in a)2.72 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!?)2.5 E F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 +(search.)5 E F2(&)108 108 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 108 Q +(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)108 120 Q F0 .398 +(Cause changes to be applied o)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G +.398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F .397 +(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F2(:s)A F0 2.897('\()C +(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 132 Q F2(:gs/)A F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w)-.15 E +F2(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F2(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218(used with `) +3.718 F F2(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 144 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F2(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F2(g)144 156 Q F0(.)A +F2(G)108 168 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 168 Q(wing `)-.25 E F2(s)A F0 2.5 +('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 184.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 196.8 +R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ +receded by)-.2 F F2108 208.8 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F22.534 E F0 +.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F2(:)2.534 E +F0(,)A F2(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F2(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E +F2(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 220.8 R F24.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E +6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F2(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F2(logout)4.049 E F0 +(,)A F2 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 +E F0(,)A F2(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F2(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) +-4.049 E F2(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F +.261(process ar)108 232.8 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) +-.15 F F22.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F22.761 E +F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26 +(guments b)-.18 F .26(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 +(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 244.8 R 1.154 +(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F23.654 E F0 1.154 +(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F2 +3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt this interpretation.).15 E F2(:)108 274.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A +(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 286.8 R .452 +(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) +-.15 E F1(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F +2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 298.8 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F2(.)110.5 315.6 Q F1(\214lename)6.666 E +F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 327.6 Q(ce)-.18 E +F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 339.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F1 +(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 +(status of the last command e)144 351.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 +(cuted from).15 F F1(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F1 +(\214lename)5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F +.608(names in)144 363.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F1 +(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) +-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 375.6 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.333 F F1 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 +(\214le is found in)144 387.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F2(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 +E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F2(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 +399.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(y)-.15 E F1(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F +2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F1 +(\214lename)144 411.6 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) +4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F24.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F +(enabled,)144 423.6 Q F2(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) +3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F2(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 +(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F2(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 +(trap string is sa)3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 +(restored around the call to)144 435.6 R F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 +2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F +F2(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 +(cutes. If).15 F F22.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 +(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 447.6 R F2(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F3(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 -(completes. The)144 144 R 1.262 +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F2(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 +(completes. The)144 459.6 R 1.262 (return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 -(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 156 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0 -(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F3(alias)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E -F3A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E F3(Alias)144 184.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F35.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F3(alias)5.224 E -F2(name)144 196.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 471.6 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F1(\214lename)4.41 E +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 488.4 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 500.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F25.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E +F1(name)144 512.4 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 208.8 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 524.4 Q F1(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F1(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 (ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 220.8 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 -(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 232.8 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F3(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +(tution when the alias is e)144 536.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(or each)-.15 F F1(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 548.4 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 244.8 Q F3(bg)108 261.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -273.6 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F3(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 285.6 Q F0 .672 +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 560.4 Q F2(bg)108 577.2 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +589.2 R F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 601.2 Q F0 .672 (is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F3 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 297.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +-3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 +(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +(when job control is disabled or)144 613.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 (hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 309.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F3(bind)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F3(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 -A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F3-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 350.4 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F32.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F3(bind)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F32.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F3(bind)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F3(bind)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 398.4 R F3 -.18(re) +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 625.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F2(bind)108 642 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 654 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 666 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 +(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 +(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 690 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 +(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 702 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -.37(re)C +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 714 R F2 -.18(re) 2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 (nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F3 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 410.4 R F3 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 726 R F2 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 422.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F -.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 434.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 -446.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 458.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 470.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 -(d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 482.4 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F2(vi\255insert) -4.113 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.613(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A -(ve)-.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 494.4 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 -(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F3144 506.4 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 506.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F3144 518.4 Q F0(Display)180 518.4 Q F3 -.18(re) -2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3144 530.4 -Q F0(List current)180 530.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F3144 542.4 Q F0(Display)180 -542.4 Q F3 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 -G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 554.4 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3144 566.4 Q -F0(Display)180 566.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 -(ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) --.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F3144 578.4 Q F0(Display)180 578.4 Q F3 -.18 -(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3144 590.4 Q F0(List current)180 590.4 Q -F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F3144 602.4 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -614.4 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F3144 626.4 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 638.4 Q --.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F3144 650.4 Q F2(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 662.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F3144 674.4 Q -F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 --.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A F3144 698.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F3(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 710.4 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 -1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 722.4 Q F0 1.765(is e) -4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F F1 -(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 -(riable to the contents of the).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(54)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(54)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.18(re)180 84 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 -(fer and the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25 -(va)3.603 G 1.353(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012 -(insertion point.)180 96 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 -(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F2(READLINE_POINT)180 108 Q/F3 9 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(.inputr)144 84 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F +.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 96 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E +.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF144 108 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 +120 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 +F(Acceptable)7.659 E F1 -.1(ke)180 132 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are) +5.883 F F1 3.193(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +(d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E +(vi\255command)180 144 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F1(vi\255insert)4.113 +E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613 +(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F1(vi\255mo)A(ve) +-.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 156 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F1 +(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2144 168 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 168 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F2144 180 Q F0(Display)180 180 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 +G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 192 Q +F0(List current)180 192 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2144 204 Q F0(Display)180 204 +Q F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G +1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 216 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 228 Q F0 +(Display)180 228 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) +-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +(utput.)-2.5 E F2144 240 Q F0(Display)180 240 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 252 Q F0(List current)180 252 Q F2 +-.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues.)-.25 E F2144 264 Q F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 276 Q +.3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 +144 288 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 300 Q -.15 +(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 +E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 312 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0 +(Unbind all k)180 324 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) +-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 336 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) +-.2 E F0(Remo)180 348 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H +(urrent binding for).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F2144 +360 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) +180 372 Q F1(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G +(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-) +4.325 E(mand)180 384 Q F0 1.765(is e)4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 +(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE) +4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 +-.18(re)180 396 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 +(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 +408 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 +(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 420 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1144 120 -Q F0 .829(List all k)180 120 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F2144 432 +Q F0 .829(List all k)180 432 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) -.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 132 Q(The return v) -144 148.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 444 Q(The return v) +144 460.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 165.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(])A .055(Exit from within a)144 177.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0 -(,)A F1(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E -F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F4(n)2.555 E F0 .055 -(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F4(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F4(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 -E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 189.6 Q F4(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ +E F2(br)108 477.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 489.6 R F2 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F2(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2 +(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0 .055 +(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls.).15 E F1(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 501.6 Q F1(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 (xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -201.6 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 -(bu)108 218.4 S(iltin).2 E F4(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F4(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 230.4 Q .793 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F4 +513.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F2 -.2 +(bu)108 530.4 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E +F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 542.4 Q .793 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -242.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -254.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +554.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +566.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 266.4 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F4(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 283.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 295.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 578.4 Q(alse if)-.1 +E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 607.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 307.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F4 -.2 -(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F2(sour)144 619.2 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 +(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 319.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +.253(subroutine call.)144 631.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F4 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 (displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) -144 343.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +ent e)144 643.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 655.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 (xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 355.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 667.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F4 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 367.2 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 384 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F4 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 396 R F4(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F4(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HOME)2.822 E -F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 408 R +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 679.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +A F0(|[)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F2A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F1 +(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 708 R F1(dir) +2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F1(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 +(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E +F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 720 R 3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035 -(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F4(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) -3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E .849 -(the search path for the directory containing)144 420 R F4(dir)3.349 E -F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F2(CDP)3.35 E -.855 -(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F4(dir)144 432 Q F0 -5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 -(irectory names in).15 F F2(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 444 Q F2(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F 4.162 -(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662(.I) -.74 G(f)-6.662 E F4(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CDP)144 456 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F12.691 E F0 -.191(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F -.19(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 -(symbolic links while tra)144 468 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F4(dir) -3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F4(..)3.62 E F0 -(in)3.62 E F4(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F13.62 E F0 -.395(option to the)144 480 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F12.895 E F0 .395 -(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 492 R F4(..) -2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F4(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F4(..) -2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F4(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 -(ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 -E .744(the immediately pre)144 504 R .744(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F4(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 -F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F4(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 516 R F1 -3.965 E F0 1.465(option is supplied with)3.965 F F13.965 E -F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 -(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 -(determined after a successful directory change,)144 528 R F1(cd)2.968 E -F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) -5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 540 R F12.836 E F0 .336 -(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 -(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) -144 552 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F13.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 -(before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -.106(empty directory name from)144 564 R F2(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F12.607 E F0 .107 -(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F -.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 576 R 2.538(ww) --.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F -(The return v)144 588 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E -(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 -604.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F4(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 616.8 Q F4(command)2.764 E F0(with) -3.334 E F4(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 628.8 R -F2 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F4(command)3.201 E -F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 640.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F -.399(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 -(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 652.8 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F4(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 664.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 -(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F4(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 -144 676.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 688.8 R F4(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F4 -(command)144.2 700.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 712.8 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F4(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(55)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F1(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) +3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1) +141.79 E(55)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(compgen)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(])A .012 -(Generate possible completion matches for)144 96 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 -E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E F0 .013 -(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 108 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 120 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 -2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .849 +(the search path for the directory containing)144 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)3.349 E F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85 +(ach directory name in)-3.35 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)3.35 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F1(dir)144 96 Q F0 5.665 +(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665(irectory names in).15 +F F2(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .665 +(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 108 Q F2(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F 4.162 +(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)A F0 +-.74('')C 6.662(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F1(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CDP)144 120 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F32.691 E F0 +.191(option causes)2.691 F F3(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F +.19(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 +(symbolic links while tra)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir) +3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F1(..)3.62 E F0 +(in)3.62 E F1(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F33.62 E F0 +.395(option to the)144 144 R F3(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F32.895 E F0 .395 +(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) +-.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 156 R F1(..) +2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F1(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F1(..) +2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F1(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 +(ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 +E .744(the immediately pre)144 168 R .744(vious pathname component from) +-.25 F F1(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 +F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 180 R F3 +3.965 E F0 1.465(option is supplied with)3.965 F F33.965 E +F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 +(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 +(determined after a successful directory change,)144 192 R F3(cd)2.968 E +F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) +5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 204 R F32.836 E F0 .336 +(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 +(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) +144 216 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F33.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 +(before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F +.106(empty directory name from)144 228 R F2(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F32.607 E F0 .107 +(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F +.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 240 R 2.538(ww) +-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F +(The return v)144 252 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F3(command)108 +268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 280.8 Q F1(command)2.764 E F0(with) +3.334 E F1(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 +F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 292.8 R +F2 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F33.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.201 E +F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 304.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F +.399(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) +5.4 E .175(either the)144 316.8 R F32.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F3 +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F1(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F32.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 328.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F3 +144 340.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F32.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F32.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 352.8 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 +(command)144.2 364.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F3(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 376.8 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F3 +(compgen)108 393.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 405.6 R +F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 +(accepted by the)144 417.6 R F3(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F33.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F33.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 429.6 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F3 +2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F32.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F .131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F -(mable completion f)144 132 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(mable completion f)144 441.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 156 R .352 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 465.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -168 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 -F(those completions matching)144 180 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 204 Q +477.6 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 489.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 513.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 -(complete)108 220.8 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C -F1-3.729 E F2(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.729 E -F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1 --3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 -232.8 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 244.8 Q -F1A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) -A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 -256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.633(Specify ho)144 268.8 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 -(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 -F .634(If the)5.634 F F13.134 E F0 .634 +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F3 +(complete)108 530.4 Q F0([)3.729 E F3(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C +F3-3.729 E F1(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F3(\255DE)-3.729 E +F0 3.728(][)C F3-3.728 E F1(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F3 +-3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F3-3.728 E F1(wor)3.728 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F3-3.728 E F1(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 +542.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 554.4 Q +F3A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) +A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F3(complete \255pr)108 +566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.633(Specify ho)144 578.4 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 +(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 +F .634(If the)5.634 F F33.134 E F0 .634 (option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 -280.8 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 +590.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 292.8 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31 +(reused as input.)144 602.4 R(The)5.31 E F32.81 E F0 .31 (option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 -(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 304.8 R(The)6.347 E -F13.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) -3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 316.8 R(`def)-.74 E +(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 614.4 R(The)6.347 E +F33.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) +3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 626.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -328.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F13.455 E F0 .955 +638.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F33.455 E F0 .955 (option indicates that)3.455 F .064 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 340.8 R +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 650.4 R (`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 (ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 352.8 Q 1.438 +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 662.4 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -376.8 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E +686.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 412.8 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 722.4 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) -144 424.8 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F13.223 E F0(and)3.223 E -F13.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 436.8 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 448.8 Q -F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 460.8 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 -(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') -.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 472.8 Q F2 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 484.8 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 496.8 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E -F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -508.8 Q F1(default)184 520.8 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 520.8 R 5.375 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 -(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 532.8 Q F1(dir)184 544.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ -ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 556.8 Q F1 -(\214lenames)184 568.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 580.8 S .137(ll readline that th\ -e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> --.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 592.8 R -2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) --2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 -604.8 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 616.8 Q -F1(noquote)184 628.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 628.8 S .814 -(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 640.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 652.8 Q -F0 -.7(Te)224 652.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\ -letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 664.8 Q F0 -.7(Te) -224 664.8 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 -(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 -676.8 Q F1(plusdirs)184 688.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 688.8 R 4.485(ym) --.15 G 1.985 -(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 700.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(56)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +(guments to the)-.18 F F33.056 E F0(,)A F33.056 E F0 3.056 +(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F33.056 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(56)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2 -(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .723 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 84 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F13.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 96 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin is in) +.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 108 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 120 Q F2(comp-option) +2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 +(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 +(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) +184 132 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 +144 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 156 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) +2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F +(matches.)224 168 Q F1(default)184 180 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 180 +R 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) +224 192 Q F1(dir)184 204 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 216 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +228 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 240 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 252 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 264 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 276 Q F1(noquote) +184 288 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 288 S .814 +(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 300 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 312 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 312 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 324 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 324 S +.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 336 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 348 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 348 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 360 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 372 +Q F1144 384 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 396 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -108 Q F0(Alias names.)224 108 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 120 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 132 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 144 Q(Readline)224 144 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 156 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 156 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 168 -Q F0(Command names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 192 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 204 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 216 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 228 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -240 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 240 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -252 Q F0(Names of e)224 252 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +408 Q F0(Alias names.)224 408 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 420 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 432 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 444 Q(Readline)224 444 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 456 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 456 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 468 +Q F0(Command names.)224 480 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 492 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 504 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 516 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 528 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +540 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 540 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +552 Q F0(Names of e)224 552 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -264 Q F0(File names.)224 264 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 276 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 288 -Q F1(gr)184 300 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 300 Q +564 Q F0(File names.)224 564 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 576 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 588 +Q F1(gr)184 600 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 600 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -312 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 324 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 336 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 348 +612 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 624 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 636 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 648 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 360 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 360 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 372 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 384 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 660 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 660 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 672 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 684 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -396 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 396 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 408 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 408 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 420 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 420 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 -E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 432 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 432 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 444 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 444 Q F1(stopped)184 456 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 468 Q F0(User names.)224 468 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 480 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 480 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 492 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 504 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 -(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 516 Q F1144 528 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 540 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 552 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 -(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 564 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 576 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 588 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 600 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1144 612 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 624 R -1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 636 Q -F1144 648 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 660 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 -(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 672 Q F1144 684 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 684 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 -(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 696 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 708 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 -(each resultant w)184 720 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 -F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(57)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +696 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 696 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 708 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 708 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(57)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(resultant list which match the w)184 84 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 -E(\214lterpat)184 108 Q F0 .455(is a pattern as used for pathname e) -2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456 -(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 120 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 132 Q F2(\214lterpat) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(setopt)184 84 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 84 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the) +-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 96 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the) +224 96 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 108 Q +F0(Signal names.)224 108 Q F1(stopped)184 120 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 132 Q F0(User names.)224 132 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 144 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 144 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 156 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 168 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) +184 180 Q F1144 192 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +(The shell function)184 204 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 216 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 228 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 240 R .103 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) +-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 252 R +.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 264 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1144 276 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 +(The pathname e)184 288 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +-.15 F(tions.)184 300 Q F1144 312 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 324 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 336 Q F1144 348 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 348 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 360 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 +(each resultant w)184 384 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 +F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F +(resultant list which match the w)184 396 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E +F1144 408 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 420 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 432 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 444 Q F2(\214lterpat) 3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 (rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 (in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 144 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 456 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 160.8 R .467 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 472.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 (or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 172.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(plied without a)144 484.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 184.8 Q F0 +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 496.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(compopt)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 213.6 R +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 525.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 225.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(completion if no)144 537.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 (re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 237.6 Q F2(name) +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 549.6 Q F2(name) 3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 249.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 561.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) 2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F12.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.228(the `)144 261.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.228(the `)144 573.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 273.6 R 2.177 +no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 585.6 R 2.177 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F14.677 E F0 2.178 (option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) -144 285.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +144 597.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.388(The return v)144 309.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +E 1.388(The return v)144 621.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 321.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 633.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 338.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 350.4 R 1.753 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 650.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 662.4 R 1.753 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 (select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 -(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 362.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 -1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 +(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 674.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 /Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 (is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 374.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 686.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 (The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) -3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 386.4 Q F1(declar)108 403.2 -Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 -(typeset)108 415.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 427.2 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) -3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 439.2 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 -(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 -3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 451.2 Q F2(name)2.775 E -F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) -2.774 F(without)144 463.2 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 475.2 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F13.681 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 -487.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.)144 -499.2 R(The)6.291 E F13.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the displa\ -y of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 -(name and attrib)144 511.2 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) -5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 -(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C -.948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -523.2 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 -F(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 535.2 Q F1 -3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F13.891 E F0 1.391 -(option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 -(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 547.2 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 -(is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F -1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F -(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 559.2 -R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 -F 1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 571.2 Q(utes:)-.2 E -F1144 583.2 Q F0(Each)180 583.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 -(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 595.2 Q -F0(Each)180 595.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) --.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 607.2 Q F0(Use function names only) -180 607.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 619.2 Q F0 .558(The v)180 619.2 R .558 -(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 631.2 Q F0(abo) -2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) --2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 643.2 Q -F0 .909(When the v)180 643.2 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 -(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 655.2 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 667.2 -Q F0(Gi)180 667.2 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0 -(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 -(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.518(That other v)180 679.2 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 -F 1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 691.2 Q .227 -(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 -(xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F12.726 E F0(attrib) -2.726 E .226(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 703.2 R -.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 715.2 Q(ariables.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(58)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(58)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(Mak)180 84 Q(e)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name) -5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 -(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546 -(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 96 Q F1 -144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 -(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) --.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) -180 120 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E -(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 132 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 132 R .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F -(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 156 Q F0(Mark)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 -E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 172.8 R -2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F -.121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -.645(to destro)144 184.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) +SF(declar)108 84 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A +F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 108 R +1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib) +.15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C +1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264 +(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 120 S +3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 +(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 +3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)2.775 E F0 +(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.) +-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F +(without)144 144 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 156 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 +F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F13.681 E F0 +(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 168 R +.62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12(ariables. The) +-.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62(option will restrict the display)3.12 F +1.291(to shell functions.)144 180 R(The)6.291 E F13.791 E F0 1.291 +(option inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only the functi\ +on)3.791 F .948(name and attrib)144 192 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F +.948(If the)5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C +.948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 +204 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F +(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 216 Q F1 +3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F13.891 E F0 1.391 +(option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 +(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 228 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 +(is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F +1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F +(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 240 R +.794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 F +1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 252 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 +144 264 Q F0(Each)180 264 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 +E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 276 Q F0(Each)180 +276 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v) +.15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(\).).15 E F1144 288 Q F0(Use function names only)180 288 Q(.)-.65 +E F1144 300 Q F0 .558(The v)180 300 R .558 +(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 312 Q F0(abo)2.25 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 324 Q F0 .909 +(When the v)180 324 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 336 R(upper) +2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 348 Q F0(Gi) +180 348 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0(the)3.82 E +F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E +1.518(That other v)180 360 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F +1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 372 Q .227 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 +(xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F12.726 E F0(attrib) +2.726 E .226(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 384 R +.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 +F(applied to array v)180 396 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 408 Q F0 +(Mak)180 408 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E +7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F +2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 420 +Q F1144 432 Q F0(Gi)180 432 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 444 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 456 +Q F0 .91(When the v)180 456 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 468 R(lo) +2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 +480 Q F0(Mark)180 480 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 496.8 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12 +(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F +.645(to destro)144 508.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) -3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) 3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 -(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 196.8 Q F1 +(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 520.8 Q F1 (declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 (command, unless the)2.835 F F12.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.283 -(is supplied.)144 208.8 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283 +(is supplied.)144 532.8 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 (,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282 (ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 -220.8 R F13.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F13.426 E F0 .927 +544.8 R F13.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F13.426 E F0 .927 (and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 -(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 232.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 556.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 (option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 244.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C +144 568.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C 2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144 -256.8 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 +580.8 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 -(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 268.8 R F1 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 592.8 R F1 (Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 280.8 S .172 +F2(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 604.8 S .172 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 292.8 R 3.46(fa) +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 616.8 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 304.8 Q +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 628.8 Q (xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 321.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .329 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 645.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 657.6 S .329 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 345.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 357.6 Q +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 669.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 681.6 Q F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 369.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 381.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 381.6 Q -F1144 393.6 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .882 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 693.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 705.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 705.6 Q +F1144 717.6 Q F0 .881 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 717.6 R .882 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -405.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 417.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 417.6 Q F1 -144 429.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 -(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F1(+)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.564(Displays the)180 453.6 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 465.6 Q F1144 477.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 477.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .257(The return v)144 -506.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 518.4 Q F1(diso)108 535.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .122 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) -4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 559.2 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 -2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 571.2 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 583.2 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 -3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F1 -3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 -(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 636 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 648 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 -660 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F13.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 -(ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 684 -Q F1(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 -F F1(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 -(these escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E F0 -.716(does not interpret)3.216 F F13.216 E F0 .715 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.715 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 708 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(59)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(59) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 84 Q F1(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace) -180 96 Q F1(\\c)144 108 Q F0(suppress further output)180 108 Q F1(\\e) -144 120 Q(\\E)144 132 Q F0(an escape character)180 132 Q F1(\\f)144 144 -Q F0(form feed)180 144 Q F1(\\n)144 156 Q F0(ne)180 156 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G -(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 168 Q F0(carriage return)180 168 Q F1(\\t)144 180 -Q F0(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 192 S -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 204 Q F0(backslash)180 204 Q F1(\\0)144 -216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) -180 216 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507 +SF144 84 Q F0(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.) +180 84 Q F1144 96 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one en\ +try per line, pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 96 R 2.772(xi) +-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 108 Q F1(+)144 120 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.564(Displays the)180 120 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 +1.565(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 +E(without options, starting with zero.)180 132 Q F1144 144 Q F2(n)A +F0 1.194(Displays the)180 144 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 156 Q .257(The return v)144 +172.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 184.8 Q F1(diso)108 201.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 213.6 S .122 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 225.6 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 237.6 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 249.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 261.6 R F1 +3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 273.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E +F1(echo)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 302.4 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 +(error occurs.)144 314.4 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 +326.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +6.348 E F13.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 +(ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 +350.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 +F F1(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 +(these escape characters by def)144 362.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F13.216 E F0 .715 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.715 E F0 +(interprets the follo)144 374.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 386.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 386.4 Q F1(\\b)144 398.4 Q F0 +(backspace)180 398.4 Q F1(\\c)144 410.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +410.4 Q F1(\\e)144 422.4 Q(\\E)144 434.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 +434.4 Q F1(\\f)144 446.4 Q F0(form feed)180 446.4 Q F1(\\n)144 458.4 Q +F0(ne)180 458.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 470.4 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 470.4 Q F1(\\t)144 482.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +482.4 Q F1(\\v)144 494.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 494.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 +(\\\\)144 506.4 Q F0(backslash)180 506.4 Q F1(\\0)144 518.4 Q F2(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 518.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 +(\\x)144 530.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 530.4 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 +(\\u)144 542.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 554.4 R 1.507 (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547 +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 566.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 578.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R .547 (alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(enable)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R +3.047 E(HHH)180 602.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 631.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 -(the same name as a shell b)144 340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(the same name as a shell b)144 643.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 655.2 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 (is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 -(abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(abled; otherwise,)144 667.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 376.8 R -.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 -(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 -(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S 1.525 +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 679.2 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 +F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F +F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 +(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 691.2 S 1.525 (iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 400.8 Q F1 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 703.2 Q F1 2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F .366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) -5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 412.8 R F1 +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 715.2 R F1 2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -424.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 +727.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 1.917 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 436.8 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 448.8 R F12.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F -(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 460.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 -472.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 489.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 501.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 513.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 525.6 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 554.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 566.4 R .177 -(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G -(he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 578.4 R .499(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 -(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 590.4 Q F0 .639(to be e) -3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 -(vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 602.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 -1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 614.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F -.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 626.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) --.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 638.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 -(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 -(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 650.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 667.2 R .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 679.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 -E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -F1(export)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 -E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(60)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1) +141.79 E(60)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(export \255p)108 84 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 96 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257 -(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 -(commands. If)144 108 R(the)2.626 E F12.626 E F0 .127 -(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1 -144 120 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F -.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 -2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 132 S 1.446 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.917 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 84 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 +(enabled. If)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.878 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(special)2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The) +.2 F .379(return v)2.879 F(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 108 R F2 +(name)3.855 E F0 .994(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994 +(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994 +(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 120 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 +136.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 148.8 +Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 +(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 172.8 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 +(exec)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 201.6 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 213.6 R .177 +(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G +(he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 225.6 R .499(gument passed to) +-.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 +(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 +.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 237.6 Q F0 .639(to be e) +3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 249.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 +1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 261.6 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 273.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) +-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 285.6 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 +(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 +(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 297.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 314.4 R .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 326.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 355.2 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 367.2 R +F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F +.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.626 E F1 +2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) +.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) +5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 +(n, or if the).15 F F1144 391.2 Q F0 .048 +(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) +-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.547 E F0 +.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 403.2 S 1.446 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 144 S .742(lue of the v).25 -F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 415.2 S .742(lue of the v) +.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 (export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 156 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 (is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 168 Q F1(fc)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 439.2 Q F1(fc)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 208.8 R F2<8c72> +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 480 R F2<8c72> 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -220.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 232.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) --.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .314 -(is used as an of)144 244.8 R .314 -(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.314 E F2(last)2.905 -E F0 .315(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F(-)-.2 E .949 -(rent command for listing \(so that)144 256.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .948 -(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) -144 268.8 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 292.8 -Q F12.522 E F0 .022 +144 504 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .314(is used as an of) +144 516 R .314(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.314 E +F2(last)2.905 E F0 .315(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F +(-)-.2 E .949(rent command for listing \(so that)144 528 R/F4 10 +/Courier@0 SF .948(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948 +(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E +F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)144 540 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E +F0(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 564 Q +F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 304.8 R .438(If the) -5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 576 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 -(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 328.8 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631 -(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR) --.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63 -(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 340.8 R .95(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi) -5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 +.334(the editor gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F2 +(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 600 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E +F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) +-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 +(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 612 R .95 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 352.8 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 376.8 R -F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +-.15(exe)144 624 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 648 R F2 +(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 (is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 388.8 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F2<8c72> -2.847 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 -2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 400.8 Q F3 7.166 -(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) +E(mand)144 660 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F2<8c72>2.847 +E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 +2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 672 Q F4 7.166(rc) +3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) 3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 412.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 -436.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(mand.)144 684 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 708 +R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 448.8 -R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 720 R +.454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 -(cuted or f).15 F .788 -(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 -(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 484.8 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 513.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 -(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 525.6 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G -.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 537.6 Q -.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 549.6 Q -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F1(getopts)108 566.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs) --.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 578.4 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 590.4 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 602.4 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 -(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 614.4 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 626.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.297 E F0 -3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797 -(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G -3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585 -E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 650.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 -(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 674.4 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 -(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 686.4 -Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 710.4 R F1(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 722.4 Q F0 -(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(61) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(alue of the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(61) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(getopts)144 84 Q F0 2.393 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .787 +(last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 +(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 +96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 108 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.5 E +F0(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 136.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413 +(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913 +(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1 +(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 148.8 Q +3.117(sn)-.55 G .617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job) +-.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 160.8 Q +.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 172.8 Q +F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E +F2(getopts)108 189.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) +-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 201.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 213.6 R .15 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 225.6 Q .579 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 237.6 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 +(option in the shell v)144 249.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 +3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G +3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 261.6 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) +4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 +(or a shell script is in)144 273.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 +(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 +(into the v)144 285.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 297.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F +2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 309.6 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 333.6 R F2(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 345.6 Q F0 +(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 369.6 Q F0 2.393 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) -.27 E F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 -120 Q F0 1.165(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 -(ays. 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numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 631.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.881 E(MA)144 643.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 655.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G -3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 -(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 667.2 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) -2.676 E F0 .176 -(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 679.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) -2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 691.2 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 691.2 Q F1 -144 703.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 715.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 -E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(62)192.055 E 0 -Cg EP +.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(62)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 84 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E +SF(help)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867 +(Display helpful information about b)144 96 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 +F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help) +3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E +.306(help on all commands matching)144 108 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807 +(;o).24 G .307(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 120 Q F1 +144 132 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 132 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1144 144 Q F0(Display the description of each)180 +144 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat)-2.5 +E F1144 156 Q F0(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 +156 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0 +(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 172.8 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 189.6 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 201.6 Q(history \255d)108 213.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A +F1(history \255p)108 237.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 249.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +261.6 S .752 +(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 273.6 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 285.6 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 +(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 297.6 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 +(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 +(time stamp and the history line.)144 309.6 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +2.676 E F0 .176 +(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F +(not, the v)144 321.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 333.6 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 333.6 Q F1 +144 345.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 357.6 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti) +-2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 369.6 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 381.6 Q 2.5(,a) +-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +144 393.6 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 393.6 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 96 Q +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 405.6 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 108 Q -F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 108 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 120 R +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 417.6 +Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ +le into the current history list.)180 417.6 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 429.6 R .773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 132 Q F1144 144 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 144 Q F1 -144 156 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 -156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 168 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625 -(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 -180 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 -E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 204 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 204 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(sion.)180 441.6 Q F1144 453.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 453.6 Q F1 +144 465.6 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 465.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 477.6 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 477.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2 +(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 489.6 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) +2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 501.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 513.6 Q F0 +.363(Store the)180 513.6 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 232.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 525.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 542.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 244.8 R .669 +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 554.4 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 256.8 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 566.4 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 268.8 R 1.795 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 578.4 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 590.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 292.8 Q(fset) +tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 602.4 Q(fset) -.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 304.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 321.6 Q F0([) +3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 614.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 631.2 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 333.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 345.6 Q .3 -.15 +(jobs \255x)108 643.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 655.2 Q .3 -.15 (ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 357.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 357.6 Q F1 -144 369.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 369.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 381.6 Q F1 -144 393.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 393.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 405.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 405.6 Q F1144 417.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 417.6 Q(If)144 434.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 -E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 446.4 Q -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 463.2 R F1 -2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 475.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) -2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F1(kill)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 -2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 504 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 -E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 -516 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 -(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 -(either a case-insensiti)144 528 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 540 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) -4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 552 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F -F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 -F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F -F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 564 R .28 -(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 576 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 -2.877 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 588 R -(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 -(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 600 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 616.8 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -628.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 -(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 640.8 Q F2(ar) -2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 657.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 669.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F -.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 -.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 681.6 Q 3.152(yo) --.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar) -3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 -(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -693.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H -.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 705.6 R F1 -(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 717.6 R F1(set)4.063 -E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 729.6 R 1.243 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 -(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(63)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 667.2 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 667.2 Q F1 +144 679.2 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 679.2 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 691.2 Q F1 +144 703.2 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 703.2 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 715.2 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(63)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .42(error to use) -144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0(Display only stopped jobs.)180 84 Q(If)144 100.8 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .314(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F +5.313(.T)-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 +112.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 +129.6 R F12.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs) +2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394 +(found in)3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 +E F0 .395(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 +141.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E +F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.) +-.15 E F1(kill)108 158.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|) +2.5 E F12.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A +F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..) +-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 170.4 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec) +A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 +(Send the signal named by)144 182.4 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2 +(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E +F0(or)3.389 E F2(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) +2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 194.4 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 +.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 206.4 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 218.4 Q .522(gument of)-.18 +F F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) +5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) +.18 F F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 +(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 230.4 +R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 242.4 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F +F12.877 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 254.4 +R(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E +(successfully sent, or f)144 266.4 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) +-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 283.2 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +295.2 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 +(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 307.2 Q F2(ar) +2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 324 Q F0([)2.5 E +F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 336 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 +.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) +-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 348 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 +G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 +E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 +360 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422 +(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If) +5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 372 R F1 +(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 384 R F1(set)4.063 E +F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 396 R 1.243 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 +(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 +(error to use)144 408 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 96 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.86 E F0 -(is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.) --.25 E F1(logout)108 112.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 112.8 Q F1 -(map\214le)108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 141.6 S(adarray) -.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k) --.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr) --2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .35 -(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 153.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.851 E -(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F2(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 165.6 +144 420 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 +E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 +436.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 436.8 Q F1(map\214le)108 453.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 465.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) +C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(])A .35(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 477.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 +(arr)2.851 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F2(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 489.6 R F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 -F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249 -(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C -1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 177.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 189.6 Q F0 -(The \214rst character of)180 189.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 +E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.248 F(ha)144 501.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 513.6 Q F0(The \214rst character of) +180 513.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 -E F1144 201.6 Q F0(Cop)180 201.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) +E F1144 525.6 Q F0(Cop)180 525.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) -2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 -(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 213.6 Q F0(Be)180 213.6 Q +(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 537.6 Q F0(Be)180 537.6 Q (gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) -.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 225.6 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 225.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -144 237.6 Q F0(Remo)180 237.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 549.6 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 549.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +144 561.6 Q F0(Remo)180 561.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 249.6 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 249.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 261.6 Q F0(Ev)180 -261.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 573.6 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 573.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 585.6 Q F0(Ev)180 +585.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 273.6 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 273.6 Q -F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 290.4 Q F12.967 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 597.6 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 597.6 Q +F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 614.4 Q F12.967 E F0 .467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 302.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 626.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 -(as additional ar)144 314.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +(as additional ar)144 638.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 326.4 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 343.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 650.4 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 667.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 360 Q F0 1.906 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 684 Q F0 1.906 (returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 (lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 696 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 388.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 -(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G -.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 -G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -412.8 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 424.8 Q F1144 436.8 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 436.8 R .551 -(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 448.8 Q F1(+)144 460.8 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)180 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E -F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 484.8 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E -F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 496.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 -513.6 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1 -(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) -3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 525.6 R .415 -(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 537.6 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 -(Write the formatted)144 566.4 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 -E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 578.4 R(ariable) --.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 590.4 Q(The)144 614.4 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ -s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 626.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 -(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 638.4 R .036 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 650.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 662.4 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 674.4 Q F0(causes)180 674.4 Q F1(printf) -2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 -(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 686.4 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 698.4 Q F0(causes)180 698.4 Q -F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E -(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(64) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(64)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(%\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 -96 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +SF(popd)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 96 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.) +-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F +1.479(stack, and performs a)144 108 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne) +3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18 +(rg)-6.479 G 1.478(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +1.478(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 120 Q F1144 132 Q +F0 .551(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 132 R +.551(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 144 Q F1(+)144 156 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 +.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 +168 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) +-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 180 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 180 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E +F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 192 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3 +(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 208.8 +R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 +E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1 +(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 220.8 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F +-.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 232.8 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 261.6 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 +E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 273.6 R(ariable) +-.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) +2.626 F(output.)144 285.6 Q(The)144 309.6 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ +s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ +cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 321.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 +(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 333.6 R .036 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 345.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 357.6 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 369.6 Q F0(causes)180 369.6 Q F1(printf) +2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 +(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 381.6 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 393.6 Q F0(causes)180 393.6 Q +F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E +(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F +(input.)180 405.6 Q F1(%\()144 417.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 429.6 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 108 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 441.6 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -120 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F +453.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F .458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 -(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 132 R .847 +(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 465.6 R .847 (as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 -F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 144 R -.15(ve)-.4 G -.355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G +F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 477.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 +G .355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G 2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 -(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 156 Q(vior) --.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 172.8 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\ -\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 184.8 +(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 489.6 Q +(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 506.4 Q .463(guments to non-string format s\ +peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 518.4 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 196.8 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)3.423 E +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 530.4 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 547.2 Q F2(format)3.423 E F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 225.6 Q(guments)-.37 E +3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 559.2 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 237.6 Q(The return v)5 E +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 571.2 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 -2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ -irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 278.4 R 3.14(wt) --.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 290.4 R .416 +108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 600 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\ +ctory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 612 R 3.14(wt)-.25 +G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 624 R .416 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 (changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 302.4 R 6.625 -(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 314.4 Q -F1144 326.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ -when rotating or adding directories to the)180 326.4 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 338.4 Q F1(+)144 -350.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 350.4 R F2(n) -3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 362.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 374.4 Q F2(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 374.4 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 636 R 6.625(.A) +-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 648 Q F1 +144 660 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ + rotating or adding directories to the)180 660 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 672 Q F1(+)144 684 Q +F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 684 R F2(n)3.767 E F0 +1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268 +(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 696 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 708 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 +(Rotates the stack so that the)180 708 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 386.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 398.4 Q F0(Adds)180 398.4 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) --.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 410.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 -(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 427.2 R F1(pushd) -2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 439.2 R F2(dir) -3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) --.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 -(stack is empty)144 451.2 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ - directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 463.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 492 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -504 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 -(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) -2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263(enabled. If) -144 516 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 528 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 540 Q F1 -.18(re)108 556.8 S(ad) -.18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(aname) -3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 --3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2 -(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc) -3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 568.8 Q F2(name)A F0 -(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ -\214le descriptor)144 580.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 592.8 Q F13.847 E F0 1.347 -(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F -F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 604.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G -1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E -F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 616.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 -(ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 628.8 Q F0 -5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) --.25 F .722 -(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .531(assigned empty v)144 640.8 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 -(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 -(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 652.8 R .197 -(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 --.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 664.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) -C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) -.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 -(xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -676.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 688.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 700.8 R 1.049 -(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F2(aname)180.33 712.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(65)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F F1(dirs)180 720 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 +E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(65)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 -(The \214rst character of)180 96 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)144.35 84 Q F0(Adds)180 84 Q F1(dir)3.137 E F0 +.287(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788 +(wc)-.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 96 Q(gument to the)-.18 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 +112.8 R F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2 +(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488 +(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039 +(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 124.8 R F1(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G +3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 +1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 136.8 +R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\ +s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 +148.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 +165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 177.6 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +189.6 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 201.6 R(the)3.263 E F23.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 213.6 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 225.6 Q F2 -.18(re)108 242.4 S +(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1 +(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F2 +-3.816 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E +F1(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(pr) +3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(timeout)3.817 E F0 +3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 254.4 Q F1(name)A +F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ +e \214le descriptor)144 266.4 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 278.4 Q F23.847 E F0 1.347 +(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 290.4 R F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G +1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)3.965 E +F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 +F -.1(wo)144 302.4 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +(ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)144 314.4 Q F0 +5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) +-.25 F .722 +(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 +F .531(assigned empty v)144 326.4 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 +(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 +(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 338.4 R .197 +(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +-.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 350.4 R F2(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) +C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) +.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 +(xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 +362.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 374.4 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) +180 386.4 R 1.049 +(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) +-.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F +F1(aname)180.33 398.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 410.4 Q F1(delim)2.5 E +F0(The \214rst character of)180 422.4 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1144 108 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 108 R F1 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) -2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G -(sed)-2.873 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 120 R .218 +F2144 434.4 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 434.4 R F2 -.18 +(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) +2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E +.218(to obtain the line.)180 446.4 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E F1 -144 144 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 144 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G -(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te) -2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E -.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 156 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 -168 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 180 S(ad).18 E F0 -1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 -1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 -(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 192 Q -(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 -E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 204 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 216 S(ad) -.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 228 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 240 R -F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 252 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 264 S .669 +(acti)180 458.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E +F2144 470.4 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 470.4 Q F2 -.18(re) +2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1 +(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 +E .216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 482.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2 +144 494.4 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 506.4 S(ad).18 +E F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 +E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 +(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 518.4 Q +(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 +144 530.4 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 542.4 S +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc) +3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F +1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 554.4 R F2 -.18(re) +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 566.4 +R F2 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F1(nc) +3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 578.4 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F2(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 590.4 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 276 Q F0(option belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 288 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) -180 300 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F -3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 -(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 312 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 -(nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 324 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 324 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 336 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G -(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F1144 348 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 348 Q -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 360 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 372 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G -(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F2180 602.4 Q F0 +(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2144 614.4 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0(Display)180 626.4 Q F1(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 638.4 Q +2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2 +144 650.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 650.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 662.4 Q +(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E +(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F2144 +674.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 674.4 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2 +144 686.4 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 698.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.929 +G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 384 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 -(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 396 Q +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 710.4 R F1(timeout)3.061 E +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F1(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 722.4 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ -g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -408 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 420 R .59 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 432 S(riable) -.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 -(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 -F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 444 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) --.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) -.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 -456 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) -.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 468 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 468 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 484.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 -(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E -F3(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 -F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 496.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) -.18 E F0 .772 -(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 508.8 S 2.004 -(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 -(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 520.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 537.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A -F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) --.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 561.6 R -1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 573.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) --.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 -(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) --3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 585.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 597.6 R -.15(ve) --.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 -(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 609.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 -2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 -(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 621.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -633.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) --3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) -3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) --5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 645.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) --.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 657.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 674.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 686.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F -5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 698.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E -F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 710.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 -(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.067(before the trap handler)144 -722.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E -F0 1.067(is e)3.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.067(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) -3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(66)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(66)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389 -(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re) -2.89 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) --2.89 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n) --.15 E F0 .084(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E -F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 -F .588(causes the shell to stop e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n) -3.448 E F0 .589(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F -.326(mand e)144 120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326 -(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.) --.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F -.325(alue is)-.25 F .444(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 132 R .444 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .506(is reading i\ +nput from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 84 +R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 96 R .59(gular \214les.) +-.15 F(If)5.59 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 108 S(riable) +.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2 +(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27 +(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an) +-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 120 R 1.12 +(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12 +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12 +(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 132 R -.15(ex)2.5 G +(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E +F1144 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 +144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476(If no)144 160.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 172.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +.18 E F0 .772 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F +-.25(va)144 184.8 S 2.004 +(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 +(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 196.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 213.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) +-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 237.6 R +1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 249.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +-.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 +(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) +-3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 261.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 273.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 +(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F +.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 285.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 +(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) +144 297.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +309.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) +3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) +-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) +144 321.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 333.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 350.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 362.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F +5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E +F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 386.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) +-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.067(before the trap handler)144 +398.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +F0 1.067(is e)3.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.067(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) +3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F .389 +(determine the status is the last command e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 +G(d.).1 E(If)144 422.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 +(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 434.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 +(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) +144 446.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 458.4 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 144 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1 -(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 156 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 470.4 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E +.749(mand associated with the)144 482.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 168 Q F1 -(set)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 494.4 Q F1 +(set)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .836 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 535.2 S .836 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 220.8 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 547.2 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 232.8 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 559.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 .412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 (The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 244.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +(locale. When)144 571.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) -.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 256.8 R 1.623 +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 583.2 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 268.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +144 595.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 280.8 Q -F0 1.377(Each v)184 280.8 R 1.377 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 607.2 Q +F0 1.377(Each v)184 607.2 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 292.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 304.8 Q F0 .132 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 304.8 R +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 619.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 631.2 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 631.2 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 316.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 328.8 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 328.8 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(primary prompt.)184 643.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 655.2 Q F0 +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 655.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 340.8 Q -F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) -.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 -(The shell does not e)184 352.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F -.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 364.8 Q +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 667.2 Q +F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F +1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 +679.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 +(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 691.2 Q 1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 -.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 376.8 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 703.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) -.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 388.8 R +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 715.2 R F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) -3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 400.8 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +-.25(va)184 727.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 412.8 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 424.8 R 2.677 -(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 -(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 -(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. 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If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 +(able or parameter)184 438 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -132 Q F1144 144 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 144 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 156 Q F0 .315(After e)184 156 R -.315(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command) -2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case) -2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236 -(or arithmetic)184 168 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236 -(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 180 Q +450 Q F1144 462 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 462 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 474 Q F0 .315(After e)184 474 R +.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 +(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) +2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 +486 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F +1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 498 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 192 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 192 R 2.578 +144 510 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 510 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 204 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 216 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.714 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 522 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 534 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 534 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 228 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.053(tors. This)184 546 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 240 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 252 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 252 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +.15 F(tor)184 558 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 570 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 570 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 (rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F .838(mands e)184 582 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 276 Q F1 -144 288 Q F0(Enable)184 288 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 594 Q F1 +144 606 Q F0(Enable)184 606 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 300 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 312 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 312 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 618 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 630 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 630 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 324 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(that change the current w)184 642 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. 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The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 384 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 396 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 396 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 702 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 714 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 714 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 408 Q F2 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 726 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G -(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -420 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 420 R -F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 432 R -F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 444 Q .425(The options are of)144 -460.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 -(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 472.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 -(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 484.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 -5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 496.8 Q F1(shift)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 525.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 537.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 549.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 -.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F -(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 561.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 573.6 Q F1(shopt)108 590.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 602.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 -(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 614.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 -(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 626.4 R .826 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.326 E F0 .825 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 638.4 R(The)5.945 E -F13.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) -3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 650.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 662.4 Q -F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 662.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -674.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 674.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 686.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ -return status indicates whether the)180 686.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0 -(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 698.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2 -(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 710.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(69)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(69)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(Restricts the v)180 84 Q(alues of)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E -F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 100.8 R F13.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1 -3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar) -3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624 -(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233(set or unset, respecti)144 -112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234 -(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234 -(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 124.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E -1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 141.6 R -F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F -.696 +SF144 84 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining) +184 84 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444 +(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F +3.446(parameters. 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The)-.25 F .178 +(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 148.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 160.8 Q F1(shift)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 189.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 201.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 213.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F +(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 225.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 237.6 Q F1(shopt)108 254.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 266.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E +5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 +(listed belo)144 278.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 +(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 +F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 290.4 R .826 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.326 E F0 .825 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F +.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 302.4 R(The)5.945 E +F13.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) +3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 314.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 326.4 Q +F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 326.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +338.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 338.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 350.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ +return status indicates whether the)180 350.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0 +(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 362.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2 +(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 374.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 386.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 386.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 403.2 R F1 +3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 +(set or unset, respecti)144 415.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +-.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 427.2 Q(ault.) +-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 +444 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 153.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 165.6 Q(The list of)144 182.4 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 200.4 Q F0 .2 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 200.4 R +144 456 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 468 Q(The list of)144 484.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 502.8 Q F0 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 502.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 212.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 514.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 224.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 236.4 R .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 526.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 538.8 R .155 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 248.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 260.4 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 550.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 562.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -260.4 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 272.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +562.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 574.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 284.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 586.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 296.4 Q +(the command proceeds.)184 598.8 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 308.4 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 320.4 R F1(bash)3.236 +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 610.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 622.8 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 -332.4 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 344.4 -Q F0 .449(If set,)184 356.4 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +634.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 646.8 +Q F0 .449(If set,)184 658.8 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 (lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 368.4 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 670.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 380.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 +(attempted without an interv)184 682.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 392.4 Q -.1(wa) +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 694.8 Q -.1(wa) -.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 404.4 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 -416.4 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 706.8 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 +718.8 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G .797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G -.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 428.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 -E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist) -144 440.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 440.4 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 -(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 -(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -452.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 464.4 -Q F0 .419(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha) -2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 -(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the) -184 488.4 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E -F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 -(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 500.4 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F -(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 -(use ASCII collation and)184 512.4 R F2(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 -(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G -(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 524.4 Q F2(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 -(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 536.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 548.4 R F1 -(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v) --.2 F 1.41(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 -(string comparison when using the)184 560.4 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 -(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) -2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 572.4 R .481 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 584.4 Q -(xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 596.4 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 608.4 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 -1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 -(string comparison when using the)184 620.4 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 -(conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) -4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 632.4 R -F1(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F -(ersions)-.15 E .086 -(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 644.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) --.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 656.4 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 668.4 Q F0 1.484 -(If set,)184 680.4 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F -F2(posix)3.984 E F0 1.483 -(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.984 F -.15 -(ex)184 692.4 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 -G .959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459 -(nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 -704.4 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 -(posix mode through v)184 716.4 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) -5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 728.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(70)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 730.8 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 +E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(70)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(compat42)144 84 Q F0 1.797(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 +SF(cmdhist)144 84 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 +(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 +96 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 108 Q +F0 .419(If set,)184 120 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919 +F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) +-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the)184 132 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462 +(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 +(using the)184 144 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 +(use ASCII collation and)184 156 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E +(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') +.19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 168 Q F2(str)2.5 +E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 180 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 +192 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 +(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 +(string comparison when using the)184 204 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) +2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 216 R .481 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 228 Q +(xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E +F1(compat40)144 240 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41 +(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 +(string comparison when using the)184 264 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 +(conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) +4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 276 R F1 +(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F +(ersions)-.15 E .086 +(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 288 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) +-.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 300 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 312 Q F0 1.484(If set,) +184 324 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F F2(posix) +3.984 E F0 1.483 +(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.984 F -.15 +(ex)184 336 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G +.959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459 +(nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 348 +R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 +(posix mode through v)184 360 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 372 Q F1(compat42)144 384 Q +F0 1.797(If set,)184 396 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 108 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 120 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 132 R F1 +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 408 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 420 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 432 R F1 (bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 144 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 444 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 (declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 -(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 156 S .352 +(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 456 S .352 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) -.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.853(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.853 E -.1(fa)184 168 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +-2.853 E -.1(fa)184 468 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.057(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.374(function is e)184 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F +.374(function is e)184 480 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F (ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 .375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 192 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(complete_fullquote)144 204 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.153 E +(the caller')184 492 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(complete_fullquote)144 504 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 516 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\ -mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 228 R 1.524 +mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 528 R 1.524 (If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ -enames when these)184 240 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 -252 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 -F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 264 R 1.073 +enames when these)184 540 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 +552 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 +F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 564 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 276 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 576 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -288 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 300 Q +588 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 600 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 312 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 324 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 612 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 +(If set,)184 624 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -336 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +636 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 348 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 360 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -360 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +184 648 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 660 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +660 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 372 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 384 Q F0(If set,)184 384 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(includes \214lenames be)2.5 E(ginning with a `.)-.15 E 2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5 -(nt)-2.5 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail) -144 396 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti)184 396 R 1.687 -.15(ve s) --.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 408 Q -(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E -(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 420 Q F0 -.716(If set, aliases are e)184 432 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 -F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E -/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 444 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 456 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .672(If set at shell in)184 468 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .672(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 -(cute the deb).15 F .671(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.22(identical to the)184 480 R F12.72 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721 -(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .221(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 492 Q -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 504 Q F0(The)220 504 Q F14.251 -E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 516 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 528 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -528 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 540 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 552 Q F0 .841 -(If the command run by the)220 552 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 564 S .488 -(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 576 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 588 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 588 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 -(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 600 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 612 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 612 R -(shells in)220 624 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 -(\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -(inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 636 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 636 R(in)220 648 Q --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) -2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 660 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 660 R .4 -(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 672 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 684 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 696 R -F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 -E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) --4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 708 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(71)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 672 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 684 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 684 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) +-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 696 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 +(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 +(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 708 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) +184 708 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 720 Q(gument to the)-.18 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E +(71)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(failglob)144 84 Q F0 1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 84 R 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 96 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 108 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 120 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 -(ariable cause w)-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 -(when performing w)184 132 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 -(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948(pletions. See)184 144 R F2 -.448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f) --.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 -156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 168 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e) -184 180 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519 -(et e)-.1 F 2.519(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E -(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 192 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b) -.15 G(eha)-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 -G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 -(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 -(That is, the current locale')184 204 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +SF(expand_aliases)144 84 Q F0 .717(If set, aliases are e)184 96 R .717 +(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716 +(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 108 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 120 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671 +(If set at shell in)184 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671(cute the deb).15 F .672 +(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F .221(identical to the) +184 144 R F12.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721(option. 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See)184 444 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) +184 456 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 468 Q F0 2.519 +(If set, range e)184 480 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 492 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +(nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 504 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 216 R F1(A) -3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F -.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 228 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 240 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 240 R F1(**)3.018 -E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 252 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 -2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -264 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 276 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 288 Q F1(histappend)144 -300 Q F0 .676 +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 516 R F1(A) +3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F +.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 528 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 540 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 540 R F1(**)3.019 +E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 552 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 +2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +564 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 576 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 588 Q F1(histappend)144 +600 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -312 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 324 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 336 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .576(If set, and)184 348 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 360 Q F1(histv)144 372 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 -(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +612 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 624 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 636 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .575(If set, and)184 648 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 660 Q F1(histv)144 672 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 684 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 396 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 408 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E -2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 420 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 432 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -444 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 456 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 468 Q F0(If set,) -184 480 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 -(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 492 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 504 R .219(alue of the) --.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(option, instead of unsetting) -2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 516 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F -(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E -F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 528 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 .33(If set, allo)184 540 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 -(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 -(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 552 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 564 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 576 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 576 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) -.15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F --.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 588 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 600 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) -184 600 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 -(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F -(with embedded ne)184 612 Q -(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 624 Q F0 .486 -(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -636 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 648 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 660 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 -672 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 684 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F4(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 696 -Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 -(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 720 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(72)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 696 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 708 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(72)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 108 S +SF(hostcomplete)144 84 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 +108 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 +132 Q F0(If set,)184 144 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP) +2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H +(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 156 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 +.22(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 168 R .219 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 180 Q +2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) +144 192 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 204 R 2.83 +(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 +.33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F +.967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 216 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 +228 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 240 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 240 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +.15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) +184 252 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 264 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) +184 264 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F +(with embedded ne)184 276 Q +(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 +(login_shell)144 288 Q F0 .486 +(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 +300 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 312 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 324 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 +336 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +-.1(wa)184 348 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 360 +Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 372 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 +(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 384 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 396 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 408 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 420 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 120 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -132 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 432 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +444 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 +F .551(while e)184 456 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 156 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 168 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 180 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) -3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) -3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 204 S +(wo)184 468 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 480 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 492 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 504 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) +3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 516 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -216 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -228 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 240 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 252 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 264 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 276 -S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) -144 300 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +528 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +540 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +(are enabled.)184 552 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(pr)144 564 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 576 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 588 +S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E +(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 600 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 612 +S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 312 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 324 Q 2.86 +184 624 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 636 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 336 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 648 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 348 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 360 R F1 -(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 372 Q F1(sour) -144 384 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 396 R F1(sour)3.271 E -(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 408 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 420 Q F0(If set, the)184 432 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 --.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 448.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 -(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G -F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 472.8 R F12.523 E F0 .023 -(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 484.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E -F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 501.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 513.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 513.6 R .878 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 525.6 -S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 -(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 -(primaries described abo)144 537.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E -F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 549.6 Q(gument of)-.18 -E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 567.6 R .785 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 579.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 591.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 603.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 603.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 615.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 615.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 -E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 627.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 639.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 651.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 663.6 S -(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -675.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 692.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E -F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E -(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(73) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F1(shift_v)144 660 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 672 R F1 +(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 684 Q F1(sour) +144 696 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 708 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +-.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F +.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 720 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 February 1)141.79 E(73)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S --.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.) --.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(xpg_echo)144 84 Q F0(If set, the)184 96 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 +E F1(suspend)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002 +(Suspend the e)144 124.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 136.8 R F1 +2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 148.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 +E F1(test)108 165.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 177.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 177.6 R .877 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 189.6 +S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 +(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 +(primaries described abo)144 201.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 213.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 231.6 R .786 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 +(dence. The)144 243.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 255.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 267.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 267.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 279.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 279.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 291.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 303.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 315.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 327.6 S +(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 +339.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 356.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 374.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 386.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 398.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 410.4 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 -144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C -.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 -F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 -168 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 -(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q +E 2.5(2a)144 422.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 434.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 446.4 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 458.4 Q .553 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 +(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 470.4 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 204 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 482.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 494.4 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 216 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A -F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\ -ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) --.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 E F0(and) -3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 506.4 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 518.4 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 530.4 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 +E F0(and)3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 252 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F -.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 -(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 -E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021 -(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 276 Q -.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 -(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 -F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 288 Q -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 312 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1 -(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385 -(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 324 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 336 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 348 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 -E 1.635(The e)180 360 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F -(abo)180 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 390 Q F1(test) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 406.8 Q F0 +(three ar)180 542.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 +554.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 +F(ar)180 566.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 +2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 578.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +590.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 602.4 R +.385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 614.4 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 +626.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 638.4 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 650.4 R 1.635 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 +662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 680.4 Q F1(test)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 +(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 697.2 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 406.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 -418.8 Q F1(trap)108 435.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E .702(The command)144 447.6 R F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 -(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4 -(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) -144 459.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E -F0 3.108(,e)C .608 -(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 471.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 483.6 Q F0 .581 -(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 -(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 495.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 507.6 R F13.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 -(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 519.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F -4.311(bers. Each)144 531.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E -(names are case insensiti)144 543.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 561.6 R F4 -(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 -(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.649(If a)6.649 F F4(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 573.6 Q -(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F4(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 -1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.667 E F0 -(command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 585.6 Q F4 -(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 597.6 R F2 .146 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 609.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) --.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2 -(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 621.6 Q F4(ar) -3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 -(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 633.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 651.6 R F4(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E -F2(ERR)3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ -gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ -ro e)144 663.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 -675.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 -(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 -(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 -(mand list immediately follo)144 687.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.897 E F0 .387 -(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 699.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 -(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 -3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 711.6 R -1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) --3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 723.6 Q -(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(74) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP + processes run from the shell.)144 697.2 R(The return status is 0.)144 +709.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(74)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.095 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(trap)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.703(The command)144 96 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 +(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 +(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) +144 108 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 +3.108(,e)C .608 +(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F +.659(\(the v)144 120 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 132 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 144 R F2 +(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 F +(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 156 R F13.36 E +F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 +(signal. The)144 168 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ + print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 +(bers. Each)144 180 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E +(names are case insensiti)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a) +144 210 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 +(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 222 Q(UG) +-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F2(ar) +3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 +(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 234 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 246 R F3 .145 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 258 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G +.7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E +F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 270 Q F2(ar)3.473 +E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 282 Q -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 300 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F3 +(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\ +gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ +ro e)144 312 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 324 +R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 +(mand list immediately follo)144 336 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.887 +E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388 +(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 360 R 1.28 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 +F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!) +3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 372 Q(yed by the) +-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(\)o)C +(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -84 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 96 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 108 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 -E(y)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.5 E F0 -(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(]) -A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S -.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1 -(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F2144 148.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 160.8 Q F0 .086 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 -(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 172.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F22.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 184.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 196.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F23.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 -(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 208.8 R F1(name)2.612 -E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 -(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1 -(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 -(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F22.613 E F0(and)144 220.8 Q F2 -3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 +390 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 402 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 414 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 +E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 +430.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 442.8 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) +3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +F1144 454.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 466.8 Q F0 .087 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 +(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 478.8 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F +F12.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 490.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 +502.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 +3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 514.8 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) +C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 +F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 +(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1 +2.612 E F0(and)144 526.8 Q F13.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 +F .731 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) -5.23 F F2144 232.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F2(type) -4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G -(his)-6.749 E .744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the) -144 244.8 R F23.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F -.743(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223 -(commands is not consulted when using)144 256.8 R F23.723 E F0 -6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F23.723 E F0 1.223 -(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)144 -268.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5.326 E -F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325(guments are found, f) --.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325(re not)-2.825 F -(found.)144 280.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -309.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 -(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1 +144 538.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 +(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 550.8 R F1 +3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 +(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 562.8 R F13.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) +144 574.8 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) +5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 586.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 603.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 +615.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 +(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 321.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F23.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F23.444 E F0 .943 +.943(that allo)144 627.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F13.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F13.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 333.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 639.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 345.6 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F22.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F22.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -357.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 651.6 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F12.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F12.926 E F0 .426 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +663.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 369.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.741(of the special v)144 675.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 687.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 393.6 R F22.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 699.6 R F12.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 405.6 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 -144 417.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 417.6 Q F2 -144 429.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 429.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F2144 441.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 441.6 Q F2144 453.6 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 453.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2144 465.6 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 465.6 Q F2144 -477.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -477.6 Q F2144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -489.6 Q F2144 501.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 501.6 Q F2 -144 513.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 513.6 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F2144 525.6 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 525.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2144 537.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ -e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 537.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 549.6 Q F2144 561.6 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 561.6 Q F2 -144 573.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 573.6 Q F2 -144 585.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 585.6 -Q F2144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 597.6 Q F2144 -609.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 609.6 Q F2 -144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 621.6 Q -.25 -(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F2144 633.6 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 633.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -645.6 Q F2144 657.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 -657.6 Q F2144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 -669.6 Q F2144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 681.6 Q -(If)144 698.4 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.468(n, and the).15 F F22.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 -F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 -(no option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F2 -2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F2 -2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 -722.4 R F24.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F24.089 E F0(,)A F2 -4.089 E F0(,)A F24.089 E F0(,)A F24.089 E F0(,)A F2 -4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F24.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C -1.589(hich are)-4.089 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E -(75)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 711.6 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(75)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.439(unscaled v) -144 84 R 1.439(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.438 -(hich are in 512-byte increments.)-3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404 -(return status is 0 unless an in)144 96 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404 -(lid option or ar).25 F .404 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 84 Q F1144 +96 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 96 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1 +144 108 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 108 Q F1 +144 120 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 120 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 +G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 132 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 132 Q F1144 144 Q +F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +144 Q F1144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 156 +Q F1144 168 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 168 Q F1 +144 180 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 180 Q(ed into memory) +-.1 E F1144 192 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 192 Q +2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 204 Q +F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ + not allo)180 204 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 216 Q F1144 228 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 228 Q F1 +144 240 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +180 240 Q F1144 252 Q F0 +(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 252 Q F1144 264 Q +F0(The maximum stack size)180 264 Q F1144 276 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 276 Q F1144 288 Q +F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 288 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 300 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 300 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 312 +Q F1144 324 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 324 Q F1 +144 336 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 336 Q F1 +144 348 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 348 Q(If)144 364.8 +Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468 +(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F +2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 +E .044(no option is gi)144 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 +2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 +388.8 R F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 +4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 +4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C +1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 400.8 R 1.438 +(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F13.939 E F0(and)3.939 E +F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) +-3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 412.8 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -108 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 136.8 -R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +424.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 453.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 148.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -160.8 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +pted by)144 465.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +477.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 172.8 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 489.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 184.8 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 196.8 Q +(mode)144.38 501.6 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 513.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 213.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 225.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 530.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 542.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 554.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 254.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 571.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 266.4 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 -3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 583.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 +3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 278.4 Q F0 1.55 -(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 290.4 R F1 -4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 +(If the)6.327 F F13.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 595.2 Q F0 1.551 +(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 607.2 R F1 +4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 +F(remo)144 619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 (is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 -(be unset rather than the v)144 314.4 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 +(be unset rather than the v)144 631.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 -(options are supplied, each)144 326.4 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 -(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 -(tion with that name is unset.)144 338.4 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G -1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 350.4 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 +2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F +.221(options are supplied, each)144 643.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 +(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 +(tion with that name is unset.)144 655.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G +1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 667.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 -E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 362.4 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 679.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 -374.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 +F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 +691.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 391.2 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 403.2 S .026(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ -ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.027 E F2(n)2.887 E F0 .027 -(may be a process ID)2.767 F .256 -(or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 415.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 -G .256(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G .256 -(ipeline are w)-2.756 F .256(aited for)-.1 F 5.256(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.256 E -F2(n)3.116 E F0 .317(is not gi)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .317 -(n, all currently acti).15 F .618 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .318 -(hild processes are w).15 F .318(aited for)-.1 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G .318 -(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .318(If the)5.318 F F1144 -439.2 Q F0 .362(option is supplied,)2.862 F F1(wait)2.862 E F0 -.1(wa) -2.862 G .362(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 -(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .361(xit status.)-.15 F(If) -5.361 E F2(n)3.221 E F0(speci\214es)3.101 E 2.595(an)144 451.2 S(on-e) --2.595 E .095(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F -.096(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .096(xit status)-.15 -F(of the last process or job w)144 463.2 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 480 Q F0(If)108 492 Q F1(bash) -4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 E F0 -4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.896 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 504 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E -(beha)108 516 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E -(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 532.8 Q -(changing directories with)144 532.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 549.6 Q -(setting or unsetting the v)144 549.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E -F4(,)A F3 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or) -2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0<83>108 566.4 Q -(specifying command names containing)144 566.4 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 -583.2 Q(specifying a \214lename containing a)144 583.2 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0 -(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E<83>108 600 Q .45 -(specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 600 R .449 -(gument to the)-.18 F F12.949 E F0 .449(option to the)2.949 F F1 -(hash)2.949 E F0 -.2(bu)2.949 G .449(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 612 Q<83> -108 628.8 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144 628.8 -Q(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 645.6 Q(parsing the v)144 645.6 Q -(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E -(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 662.4 Q(redirecting output using the\ - >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)144 662.4 Q<83>108 -679.2 Q(using the)144 679.2 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E<83>108 696 -Q(adding or deleting b)144 696 Q(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E F1 -2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1(enable)2.5 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 712.8 Q(using the)144 712.8 Q -F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(76)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 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c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 175.2 R .39 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 187.2 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 -(mand in the sequence.)108 199.2 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ -place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) --.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 211.2 Q(Array v)108 -228 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 -E(78)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +re not handled gracefully when)108 554.4 R .389 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 566.4 R .389 +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) +108 578.4 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ +ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F +(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 590.4 Q(Array v)108 607.2 +Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 624 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 +E(78)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index 8a569bb0..620c0311 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -176,62 +176,62 @@ @xrdef{Bash Features-snt}{Chapter@tie 6} @xrdef{Invoking Bash-title}{Invoking Bash} @xrdef{Invoking Bash-snt}{Section@tie 6.1} -@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{82} -@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{82} +@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{83} +@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{83} @xrdef{Bash Startup Files-title}{Bash Startup Files} @xrdef{Bash Startup Files-snt}{Section@tie 6.2} -@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{84} +@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{85} @xrdef{Interactive Shells-title}{Interactive Shells} @xrdef{Interactive Shells-snt}{Section@tie 6.3} @xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-title}{What is an Interactive Shell?} @xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.1} -@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{85} +@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{86} @xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-title}{Is this Shell Interactive?} @xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.2} @xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-title}{Interactive Shell Behavior} @xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.3} -@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{86} -@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{86} -@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{86} +@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{87} +@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{87} +@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{87} @xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-title}{Bash Conditional Expressions} @xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-snt}{Section@tie 6.4} -@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{87} +@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{88} @xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-title}{Shell Arithmetic} @xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-snt}{Section@tie 6.5} -@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{89} +@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{90} @xrdef{Aliases-title}{Aliases} @xrdef{Aliases-snt}{Section@tie 6.6} -@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{90} +@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{91} @xrdef{Arrays-title}{Arrays} @xrdef{Arrays-snt}{Section@tie 6.7} -@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{91} +@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{92} @xrdef{The Directory Stack-title}{The Directory Stack} @xrdef{The Directory Stack-snt}{Section@tie 6.8} @xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-title}{Directory Stack Builtins} @xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 6.8.1} -@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{93} -@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{93} +@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{94} +@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{94} @xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-title}{Controlling the Prompt} @xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-snt}{Section@tie 6.9} -@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-pg}{94} +@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-pg}{95} @xrdef{The Restricted Shell-title}{The Restricted Shell} @xrdef{The Restricted Shell-snt}{Section@tie 6.10} -@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{95} +@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{96} @xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-title}{Bash POSIX Mode} @xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-snt}{Section@tie 6.11} -@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{96} +@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{97} @xrdef{Job Control-title}{Job Control} @xrdef{Job Control-snt}{Chapter@tie 7} @xrdef{Job Control Basics-title}{Job Control Basics} @xrdef{Job Control Basics-snt}{Section@tie 7.1} -@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{100} -@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{100} +@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{101} +@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{101} @xrdef{Job Control Builtins-title}{Job Control Builtins} @xrdef{Job Control Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 7.2} -@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{101} +@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{102} @xrdef{Job Control Variables-title}{Job Control Variables} @xrdef{Job Control Variables-snt}{Section@tie 7.3} -@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{103} +@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{104} @xrdef{Command Line Editing-title}{Command Line Editing} @xrdef{Command Line Editing-snt}{Chapter@tie 8} @xrdef{Introduction and Notation-title}{Introduction to Line Editing} @@ -240,145 +240,145 @@ @xrdef{Readline Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 8.2} @xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-title}{Readline Bare Essentials} @xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.1} -@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{104} -@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{104} -@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{104} +@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{105} +@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{105} +@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{105} @xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-title}{Readline Movement Commands} @xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.2} @xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-title}{Readline Killing Commands} @xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.3} -@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{105} -@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{105} +@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{106} +@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{106} @xrdef{Readline Arguments-title}{Readline Arguments} @xrdef{Readline Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.4} @xrdef{Searching-title}{Searching for Commands in the History} @xrdef{Searching-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.5} -@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{106} -@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{106} -@xrdef{Searching-pg}{106} +@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{107} +@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{107} +@xrdef{Searching-pg}{107} @xrdef{Readline Init File-title}{Readline Init File} @xrdef{Readline Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3} @xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-title}{Readline Init File Syntax} @xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.1} -@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{107} -@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{107} +@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{108} +@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{108} @xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs} @xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.2} -@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{115} +@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{116} @xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File} @xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.3} -@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{116} +@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{117} @xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands} @xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4} @xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving} @xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.1} @xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History} @xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.2} -@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{119} -@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{119} -@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{120} +@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{120} +@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{120} +@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{121} @xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text} @xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.3} -@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{121} +@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{122} @xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking} @xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.4} -@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{122} +@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{123} @xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments} @xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.5} @xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You} @xrdef{Commands For Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.6} -@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{124} -@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{124} +@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{125} +@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{125} @xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros} @xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.7} @xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands} @xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.8} -@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{126} -@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{126} +@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{127} +@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{127} @xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode} @xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 8.5} @xrdef{Programmable Completion-title}{Programmable Completion} @xrdef{Programmable Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.6} -@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{128} -@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{129} +@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{129} +@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{130} @xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-title}{Programmable Completion Builtins} @xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 8.7} -@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{131} +@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{132} @xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-title}{A Programmable Completion Example} @xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-snt}{Section@tie 8.8} -@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{134} +@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{135} @xrdef{Using History Interactively-title}{Using History Interactively} @xrdef{Using History Interactively-snt}{Chapter@tie 9} @xrdef{Bash History Facilities-title}{Bash History Facilities} @xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1} @xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins} @xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2} -@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{137} -@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{137} -@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{137} +@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{138} +@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{138} +@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{138} @xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion} @xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3} +@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{140} @xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators} @xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1} -@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{139} @xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators} @xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2} -@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{140} -@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{140} +@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{141} +@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{141} @xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers} @xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3} -@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{141} +@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{142} @xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash} @xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10} @xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation} @xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1} @xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options} @xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2} -@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{142} -@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{142} +@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{143} +@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{143} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3} @xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names} @xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4} @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type} @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5} -@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{143} -@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{143} -@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{143} -@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{143} +@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{144} +@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{144} +@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{144} +@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{144} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6} @xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls} @xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7} @xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features} @xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8} -@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{144} -@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{144} -@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{144} +@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{145} +@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{145} +@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{145} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}} -@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{149} +@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{151} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}} -@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{150} +@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{152} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}} -@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{156} +@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{158} @xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes} @xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}} @xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands} @xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1} -@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{164} -@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{164} +@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{166} +@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{166} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2} @xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index} @xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3} -@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{165} -@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{166} +@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{167} +@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{168} @xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index} @xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4} -@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{168} +@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{170} @xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index} @xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5} -@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{170} +@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{172} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index 08e5334c..502d8bf9 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -42,18 +42,18 @@ \entry{unalias}{60}{\code {unalias}} \entry{set}{60}{\code {set}} \entry{shopt}{64}{\code {shopt}} -\entry{dirs}{93}{\code {dirs}} -\entry{popd}{93}{\code {popd}} -\entry{pushd}{93}{\code {pushd}} -\entry{bg}{101}{\code {bg}} -\entry{fg}{101}{\code {fg}} -\entry{jobs}{101}{\code {jobs}} -\entry{kill}{102}{\code {kill}} -\entry{wait}{102}{\code {wait}} -\entry{disown}{102}{\code {disown}} -\entry{suspend}{102}{\code {suspend}} -\entry{compgen}{131}{\code {compgen}} -\entry{complete}{131}{\code {complete}} -\entry{compopt}{134}{\code {compopt}} -\entry{fc}{137}{\code {fc}} -\entry{history}{138}{\code {history}} +\entry{dirs}{94}{\code {dirs}} +\entry{popd}{94}{\code {popd}} +\entry{pushd}{94}{\code {pushd}} +\entry{bg}{102}{\code {bg}} +\entry{fg}{102}{\code {fg}} +\entry{jobs}{102}{\code {jobs}} +\entry{kill}{103}{\code {kill}} +\entry{wait}{103}{\code {wait}} +\entry{disown}{103}{\code {disown}} +\entry{suspend}{104}{\code {suspend}} +\entry{compgen}{132}{\code {compgen}} +\entry{complete}{132}{\code {complete}} +\entry{compopt}{135}{\code {compopt}} +\entry{fc}{138}{\code {fc}} +\entry{history}{139}{\code {history}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index 85c13a7a..5d56d353 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ \initial {A} \entry {\code {alias}}{49} \initial {B} -\entry {\code {bg}}{101} +\entry {\code {bg}}{102} \entry {\code {bind}}{49} \entry {\code {break}}{43} \entry {\code {builtin}}{50} @@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ \entry {\code {caller}}{51} \entry {\code {cd}}{43} \entry {\code {command}}{51} -\entry {\code {compgen}}{131} -\entry {\code {complete}}{131} -\entry {\code {compopt}}{134} +\entry {\code {compgen}}{132} +\entry {\code {complete}}{132} +\entry {\code {compopt}}{135} \entry {\code {continue}}{43} \initial {D} \entry {\code {declare}}{51} -\entry {\code {dirs}}{93} -\entry {\code {disown}}{102} +\entry {\code {dirs}}{94} +\entry {\code {disown}}{103} \initial {E} \entry {\code {echo}}{53} \entry {\code {enable}}{53} @@ -31,18 +31,18 @@ \entry {\code {exit}}{44} \entry {\code {export}}{44} \initial {F} -\entry {\code {fc}}{137} -\entry {\code {fg}}{101} +\entry {\code {fc}}{138} +\entry {\code {fg}}{102} \initial {G} \entry {\code {getopts}}{44} \initial {H} \entry {\code {hash}}{45} \entry {\code {help}}{54} -\entry {\code {history}}{138} +\entry {\code {history}}{139} \initial {J} -\entry {\code {jobs}}{101} +\entry {\code {jobs}}{102} \initial {K} -\entry {\code {kill}}{102} +\entry {\code {kill}}{103} \initial {L} \entry {\code {let}}{54} \entry {\code {local}}{54} @@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ \initial {M} \entry {\code {mapfile}}{55} \initial {P} -\entry {\code {popd}}{93} +\entry {\code {popd}}{94} \entry {\code {printf}}{55} -\entry {\code {pushd}}{93} +\entry {\code {pushd}}{94} \entry {\code {pwd}}{45} \initial {R} \entry {\code {read}}{56} @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ \entry {\code {shift}}{46} \entry {\code {shopt}}{64} \entry {\code {source}}{58} -\entry {\code {suspend}}{102} +\entry {\code {suspend}}{104} \initial {T} \entry {\code {test}}{46} \entry {\code {times}}{48} @@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ \entry {\code {unalias}}{60} \entry {\code {unset}}{49} \initial {W} -\entry {\code {wait}}{102} +\entry {\code {wait}}{103} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp index c79fecd2..a5979bc1 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cp +++ b/doc/bashref.cp @@ -72,47 +72,47 @@ \entry{signal handling}{39}{signal handling} \entry{shell script}{40}{shell script} \entry{special builtin}{70}{special builtin} -\entry{login shell}{84}{login shell} -\entry{interactive shell}{84}{interactive shell} -\entry{startup files}{84}{startup files} +\entry{login shell}{85}{login shell} \entry{interactive shell}{85}{interactive shell} -\entry{shell, interactive}{85}{shell, interactive} -\entry{expressions, conditional}{87}{expressions, conditional} -\entry{arithmetic, shell}{89}{arithmetic, shell} -\entry{shell arithmetic}{89}{shell arithmetic} -\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{89}{expressions, arithmetic} -\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{89}{evaluation, arithmetic} -\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{89}{arithmetic evaluation} -\entry{alias expansion}{90}{alias expansion} -\entry{arrays}{91}{arrays} -\entry{directory stack}{93}{directory stack} -\entry{prompting}{94}{prompting} -\entry{restricted shell}{95}{restricted shell} -\entry{POSIX Mode}{96}{POSIX Mode} -\entry{job control}{100}{job control} -\entry{foreground}{100}{foreground} -\entry{background}{100}{background} -\entry{suspending jobs}{100}{suspending jobs} -\entry{Readline, how to use}{103}{Readline, how to use} -\entry{interaction, readline}{104}{interaction, readline} -\entry{notation, readline}{105}{notation, readline} -\entry{command editing}{105}{command editing} -\entry{editing command lines}{105}{editing command lines} -\entry{killing text}{106}{killing text} -\entry{yanking text}{106}{yanking text} -\entry{kill ring}{106}{kill ring} -\entry{initialization file, readline}{107}{initialization file, readline} -\entry{variables, readline}{108}{variables, readline} -\entry{programmable completion}{129}{programmable completion} -\entry{completion builtins}{131}{completion builtins} -\entry{History, how to use}{136}{History, how to use} -\entry{command history}{137}{command history} -\entry{history list}{137}{history list} -\entry{history builtins}{137}{history builtins} -\entry{history expansion}{139}{history expansion} -\entry{event designators}{140}{event designators} -\entry{history events}{140}{history events} -\entry{installation}{142}{installation} -\entry{configuration}{142}{configuration} -\entry{Bash installation}{142}{Bash installation} -\entry{Bash configuration}{142}{Bash configuration} +\entry{startup files}{85}{startup files} +\entry{interactive shell}{86}{interactive shell} +\entry{shell, interactive}{86}{shell, interactive} +\entry{expressions, conditional}{88}{expressions, conditional} +\entry{arithmetic, shell}{90}{arithmetic, shell} +\entry{shell arithmetic}{90}{shell arithmetic} +\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{90}{expressions, arithmetic} +\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{90}{evaluation, arithmetic} +\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{90}{arithmetic evaluation} +\entry{alias expansion}{91}{alias expansion} +\entry{arrays}{92}{arrays} +\entry{directory stack}{94}{directory stack} +\entry{prompting}{95}{prompting} +\entry{restricted shell}{96}{restricted shell} +\entry{POSIX Mode}{97}{POSIX Mode} +\entry{job control}{101}{job control} +\entry{foreground}{101}{foreground} +\entry{background}{101}{background} +\entry{suspending jobs}{101}{suspending jobs} +\entry{Readline, how to use}{104}{Readline, how to use} +\entry{interaction, readline}{105}{interaction, readline} +\entry{notation, readline}{106}{notation, readline} +\entry{command editing}{106}{command editing} +\entry{editing command lines}{106}{editing command lines} +\entry{killing text}{107}{killing text} +\entry{yanking text}{107}{yanking text} +\entry{kill ring}{107}{kill ring} +\entry{initialization file, readline}{108}{initialization file, readline} +\entry{variables, readline}{109}{variables, readline} +\entry{programmable completion}{130}{programmable completion} +\entry{completion builtins}{132}{completion builtins} +\entry{History, how to use}{137}{History, how to use} +\entry{command history}{138}{command history} +\entry{history list}{138}{history list} +\entry{history builtins}{138}{history builtins} +\entry{history expansion}{140}{history expansion} +\entry{event designators}{141}{event designators} +\entry{history events}{141}{history events} +\entry{installation}{143}{installation} +\entry{configuration}{143}{configuration} +\entry{Bash installation}{143}{Bash installation} +\entry{Bash configuration}{143}{Bash configuration} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps index 81b1cccd..c6331b79 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cps +++ b/doc/bashref.cps @@ -1,21 +1,21 @@ \initial {A} -\entry {alias expansion}{90} -\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{89} +\entry {alias expansion}{91} +\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{90} \entry {arithmetic expansion}{29} -\entry {arithmetic, shell}{89} -\entry {arrays}{91} +\entry {arithmetic, shell}{90} +\entry {arrays}{92} \initial {B} -\entry {background}{100} -\entry {Bash configuration}{142} -\entry {Bash installation}{142} +\entry {background}{101} +\entry {Bash configuration}{143} +\entry {Bash installation}{143} \entry {Bourne shell}{5} \entry {brace expansion}{21} \entry {builtin}{3} \initial {C} -\entry {command editing}{105} +\entry {command editing}{106} \entry {command execution}{37} \entry {command expansion}{36} -\entry {command history}{137} +\entry {command history}{138} \entry {command search}{37} \entry {command substitution}{29} \entry {command timing}{8} @@ -28,17 +28,17 @@ \entry {commands, shell}{8} \entry {commands, simple}{8} \entry {comments, shell}{7} -\entry {completion builtins}{131} -\entry {configuration}{142} +\entry {completion builtins}{132} +\entry {configuration}{143} \entry {control operator}{3} \entry {coprocess}{15} \initial {D} -\entry {directory stack}{93} +\entry {directory stack}{94} \initial {E} -\entry {editing command lines}{105} +\entry {editing command lines}{106} \entry {environment}{38} -\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{89} -\entry {event designators}{140} +\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{90} +\entry {event designators}{141} \entry {execution environment}{37} \entry {exit status}{3, 39} \entry {expansion}{21} @@ -48,43 +48,43 @@ \entry {expansion, parameter}{23} \entry {expansion, pathname}{30} \entry {expansion, tilde}{22} -\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{89} -\entry {expressions, conditional}{87} +\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{90} +\entry {expressions, conditional}{88} \initial {F} \entry {field}{3} \entry {filename}{3} \entry {filename expansion}{30} -\entry {foreground}{100} +\entry {foreground}{101} \entry {functions, shell}{17} \initial {H} -\entry {history builtins}{137} -\entry {history events}{140} -\entry {history expansion}{139} -\entry {history list}{137} -\entry {History, how to use}{136} +\entry {history builtins}{138} +\entry {history events}{141} +\entry {history expansion}{140} +\entry {history list}{138} +\entry {History, how to use}{137} \initial {I} \entry {identifier}{3} -\entry {initialization file, readline}{107} -\entry {installation}{142} -\entry {interaction, readline}{104} -\entry {interactive shell}{84, 85} +\entry {initialization file, readline}{108} +\entry {installation}{143} +\entry {interaction, readline}{105} +\entry {interactive shell}{85, 86} \entry {internationalization}{7} \initial {J} \entry {job}{3} -\entry {job control}{3, 100} +\entry {job control}{3, 101} \initial {K} -\entry {kill ring}{106} -\entry {killing text}{106} +\entry {kill ring}{107} +\entry {killing text}{107} \initial {L} \entry {localization}{7} -\entry {login shell}{84} +\entry {login shell}{85} \initial {M} \entry {matching, pattern}{31} \entry {metacharacter}{3} \initial {N} \entry {name}{3} \entry {native languages}{7} -\entry {notation, readline}{105} +\entry {notation, readline}{106} \initial {O} \entry {operator, shell}{3} \initial {P} @@ -96,41 +96,41 @@ \entry {pattern matching}{31} \entry {pipeline}{8} \entry {POSIX}{3} -\entry {POSIX Mode}{96} +\entry {POSIX Mode}{97} \entry {process group}{3} \entry {process group ID}{3} \entry {process substitution}{30} -\entry {programmable completion}{129} -\entry {prompting}{94} +\entry {programmable completion}{130} +\entry {prompting}{95} \initial {Q} \entry {quoting}{6} \entry {quoting, ANSI}{6} \initial {R} -\entry {Readline, how to use}{103} +\entry {Readline, how to use}{104} \entry {redirection}{32} \entry {reserved word}{3} -\entry {restricted shell}{95} +\entry {restricted shell}{96} \entry {return status}{4} \initial {S} -\entry {shell arithmetic}{89} +\entry {shell arithmetic}{90} \entry {shell function}{17} \entry {shell script}{40} \entry {shell variable}{18} -\entry {shell, interactive}{85} +\entry {shell, interactive}{86} \entry {signal}{4} \entry {signal handling}{39} \entry {special builtin}{4, 70} -\entry {startup files}{84} -\entry {suspending jobs}{100} +\entry {startup files}{85} +\entry {suspending jobs}{101} \initial {T} \entry {tilde expansion}{22} \entry {token}{4} \entry {translation, native languages}{7} \initial {V} \entry {variable, shell}{18} -\entry {variables, readline}{108} +\entry {variables, readline}{109} \initial {W} \entry {word}{4} \entry {word splitting}{30} \initial {Y} -\entry {yanking text}{106} +\entry {yanking text}{107} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index 6b4fc491..be0fcd22 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.dvi and b/doc/bashref.dvi differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.fn b/doc/bashref.fn index 679db7cd..11f784af 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.fn +++ b/doc/bashref.fn @@ -1,108 +1,108 @@ -\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{119}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}} -\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{119}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}} -\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{119}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}} -\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{119}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}} -\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{119}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}} -\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{119}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}} -\entry{shell-forward-word ()}{119}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}} -\entry{shell-backward-word ()}{119}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}} -\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{119}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}} -\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{119}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}} -\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{120}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}} -\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{120}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}} -\entry{next-history (C-n)}{120}{\code {next-history (C-n)}} -\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{120}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}} -\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{120}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}} -\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{120}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}} -\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{120}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}} -\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{120}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}} -\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{120}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}} -\entry{history-search-forward ()}{120}{\code {history-search-forward ()}} -\entry{history-search-backward ()}{120}{\code {history-search-backward ()}} -\entry{history-substr-search-forward ()}{120}{\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}} -\entry{history-substr-search-backward ()}{121}{\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}} -\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{121}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}} -\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{121}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}} -\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{121}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}} -\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{121}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}} -\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{121}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}} -\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{121}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}} -\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{121}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}} -\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{122}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}} -\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{122}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}} -\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{122}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}} -\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{122}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}} -\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{122}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}} -\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{122}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}} -\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{122}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}} -\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{122}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}} -\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{122}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}} -\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{122}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}} -\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{123}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}} -\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{123}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}} -\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{123}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}} -\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{123}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}} -\entry{shell-kill-word ()}{123}{\code {shell-kill-word ()}} -\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{123}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}} -\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{123}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}} -\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{123}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}} -\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{123}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}} -\entry{kill-region ()}{123}{\code {kill-region ()}} -\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{123}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}} -\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{123}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}} -\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{123}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}} -\entry{yank (C-y)}{123}{\code {yank (C-y)}} -\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{123}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}} -\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{124}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}} -\entry{universal-argument ()}{124}{\code {universal-argument ()}} -\entry{complete (TAB)}{124}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}} -\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{124}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}} -\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{124}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}} -\entry{menu-complete ()}{124}{\code {menu-complete ()}} -\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{124}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}} -\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{125}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}} -\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{125}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}} -\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{125}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}} -\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{125}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}} -\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{125}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}} -\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{125}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}} -\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{125}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}} -\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{125}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}} -\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{125}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}} -\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{125}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}} -\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{125}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}} -\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{125}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}} -\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{125}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}} -\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{125}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}} -\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{126}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}} -\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{126}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}} -\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{126}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}} -\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{126}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}} -\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{126}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}} -\entry{abort (C-g)}{126}{\code {abort (C-g)}} -\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{126}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}} -\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{126}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}} -\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{126}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}} -\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{126}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}} -\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{126}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}} -\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{126}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}} -\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{126}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}} -\entry{character-search (C-])}{126}{\code {character-search (C-])}} -\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{127}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}} -\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{127}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}} -\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{127}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}} -\entry{dump-functions ()}{127}{\code {dump-functions ()}} -\entry{dump-variables ()}{127}{\code {dump-variables ()}} -\entry{dump-macros ()}{127}{\code {dump-macros ()}} -\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{127}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}} -\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{127}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}} -\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{128}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}} -\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{128}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}} -\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{128}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}} -\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{128}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}} -\entry{magic-space ()}{128}{\code {magic-space ()}} -\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{128}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}} -\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{128}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}} -\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{128}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}} -\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{128}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}} -\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{128}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}} +\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{120}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}} +\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{120}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}} +\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{120}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}} +\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{120}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}} +\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{120}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}} +\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{120}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}} +\entry{shell-forward-word ()}{120}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}} +\entry{shell-backward-word ()}{120}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}} +\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{120}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}} +\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{120}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}} +\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{121}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}} +\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{121}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}} +\entry{next-history (C-n)}{121}{\code {next-history (C-n)}} +\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{121}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}} +\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{121}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}} +\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{121}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}} +\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{121}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}} +\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{121}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}} +\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{121}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}} +\entry{history-search-forward ()}{121}{\code {history-search-forward ()}} +\entry{history-search-backward ()}{121}{\code {history-search-backward ()}} +\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{121}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}} +\entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{122}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}} +\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{122}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}} +\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{122}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}} +\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{122}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}} +\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{122}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}} +\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{122}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}} +\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{122}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}} +\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{122}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}} +\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{123}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}} +\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{123}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}} +\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{123}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}} +\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{123}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}} +\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{123}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}} +\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{123}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}} +\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{123}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}} +\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{123}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}} +\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{123}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}} +\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{123}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}} +\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{124}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}} +\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{124}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}} +\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{124}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}} +\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{124}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}} +\entry{shell-kill-word ()}{124}{\code {shell-kill-word ()}} +\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{124}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}} +\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{124}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}} +\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{124}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}} +\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{124}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}} +\entry{kill-region ()}{124}{\code {kill-region ()}} +\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{124}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}} +\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{124}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}} +\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{124}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}} +\entry{yank (C-y)}{124}{\code {yank (C-y)}} +\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{124}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}} +\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{125}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}} +\entry{universal-argument ()}{125}{\code {universal-argument ()}} +\entry{complete (TAB)}{125}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}} +\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{125}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}} +\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{125}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}} +\entry{menu-complete ()}{125}{\code {menu-complete ()}} +\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{125}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}} +\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{126}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}} +\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{126}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}} +\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{126}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}} +\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{126}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}} +\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{126}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}} +\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{126}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}} +\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{126}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}} +\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{126}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}} +\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{126}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}} +\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{126}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}} +\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{126}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}} +\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{126}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}} +\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{126}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}} +\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{126}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}} +\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{127}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}} +\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{127}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}} +\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{127}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}} +\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{127}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}} +\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{127}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}} +\entry{abort (C-g)}{127}{\code {abort (C-g)}} +\entry{do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...{})}{127}{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}} +\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{127}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}} +\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{127}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}} +\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{127}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}} +\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{127}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}} +\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{127}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}} +\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{127}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}} +\entry{character-search (C-])}{127}{\code {character-search (C-])}} +\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{128}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}} +\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{128}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}} +\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{128}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}} +\entry{dump-functions ()}{128}{\code {dump-functions ()}} +\entry{dump-variables ()}{128}{\code {dump-variables ()}} +\entry{dump-macros ()}{128}{\code {dump-macros ()}} +\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{128}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}} +\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{128}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}} +\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{129}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}} +\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{129}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}} +\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{129}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}} +\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{129}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}} +\entry{magic-space ()}{129}{\code {magic-space ()}} +\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{129}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}} +\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{129}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}} +\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{129}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}} +\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{129}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}} +\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}{129}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.fns b/doc/bashref.fns index ab139d9f..2f16e866 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.fns +++ b/doc/bashref.fns @@ -1,128 +1,128 @@ \initial {A} -\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{126} -\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{120} -\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{128} +\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{127} +\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{121} +\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{129} \initial {B} -\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{119} -\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{121} -\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{122} -\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{123} -\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{119} -\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{120} -\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{119} -\entry {\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{120} +\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{122} +\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{123} +\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{124} +\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{120} +\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{121} +\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{120} +\entry {\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{123} \initial {C} -\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{126} -\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{122} -\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{126} -\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{127} -\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{119} -\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{124} -\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{125} -\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{125} -\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{125} -\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{125} -\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{125} -\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{125} -\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{127} +\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{123} +\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{127} +\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{128} +\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{120} +\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{125} +\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{126} +\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{126} +\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{126} +\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{126} +\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{126} +\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{126} +\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{124} \initial {D} -\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{125} -\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{121} -\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{125} -\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{124} -\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{128} -\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{126} -\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{122} -\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{127} -\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{127} -\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{127} -\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{125} +\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{126} +\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{122} +\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{126} +\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{125} +\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{129} +\entry {\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{127} +\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{123} +\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{128} +\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{128} +\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{128} +\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{126} \initial {E} -\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{128} -\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{126} -\entry {\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{121} -\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{120} -\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{119} -\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{126} +\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}}{129} +\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{127} +\entry {\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{122} +\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{121} +\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{120} +\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{127} \initial {F} -\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{121} -\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{119} -\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{120} -\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{119} +\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{120} +\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{121} +\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{120} \initial {G} -\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{127} -\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{127} -\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{128} +\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{128} +\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{128} +\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{129} \initial {H} -\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{128} -\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{128} -\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{120} -\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{120} -\entry {\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}}{121} -\entry {\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}}{120} +\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{129} +\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{129} +\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{121} +\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{121} +\entry {\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{121} \initial {I} -\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{127} -\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{124} -\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{128} +\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{128} +\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{125} +\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{129} \initial {K} -\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{122} -\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{123} +\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{123} +\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{124} \initial {M} -\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{128} -\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{124} -\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{129} +\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{125} +\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{125} \initial {N} -\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{120} -\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{120} -\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{120} +\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{121} +\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{121} +\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{121} \initial {O} -\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{128} -\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{129} +\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{123} \initial {P} -\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{125} -\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{124} -\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{125} -\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{125} -\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{125} -\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{125} -\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{126} -\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{120} -\entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{126} +\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{126} +\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{125} +\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{126} +\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{126} +\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{126} +\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{126} +\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{127} +\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{121} +\entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{127} \initial {Q} -\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{121} +\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{122} \initial {R} -\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{126} -\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{119} -\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{120} -\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{126} +\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{127} +\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{120} +\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{121} +\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{127} \initial {S} -\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{122} -\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{126} -\entry {\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{119} -\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{128} -\entry {\code {shell-forward-word ()}}{119} -\entry {\code {shell-kill-word ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{127} -\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{126} +\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{123} +\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{127} +\entry {\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{120} +\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{129} +\entry {\code {shell-forward-word ()}}{120} +\entry {\code {shell-kill-word ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{128} +\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{127} \initial {T} -\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{126} -\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{122} -\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{122} +\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{127} +\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{123} +\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{123} \initial {U} -\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{126} -\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{124} -\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{123} -\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{123} -\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{122} +\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{127} +\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{125} +\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{124} +\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{124} +\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{123} \initial {Y} -\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{123} -\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{121} -\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{121} -\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{123} +\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{124} +\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{122} +\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{122} +\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{124} diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 8c2eabf0..6e6f512f 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ - + Bash Reference Manual @@ -284,10 +284,10 @@ Next: , Previou

Bash Features

This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.4, 7 September 2016). +the Bash shell (version 4.4, 1 February 2017). The Bash home page is http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/.

-

This is Edition 4.4, last updated 7 September 2016, +

This is Edition 4.4, last updated 1 February 2017, of The GNU Bash Reference Manual, for Bash, Version 4.4.

@@ -2272,7 +2272,8 @@ in the result. It is strictly textual. Bash does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string ‘${’ -is not considered eligible for brace expansion. +is not considered eligible for brace expansion, +and inhibits brace expansion until the closing ‘}’..

A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid @@ -2745,7 +2746,7 @@ format that can be reused as input.

E

The expansion is a string that is the value of parameter with backslash -escape sequences expanded as with the $'…' quoting mechansim. +escape sequences expanded as with the $'…' quoting mechanism.

P

The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of @@ -2974,6 +2975,8 @@ without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.

When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character ‘.’ at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option dotglob is set. +The filenames ‘.’ and ‘..’ must always be matched explicitly, +even if dotglob is set. When matching a filename, the slash character must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the ‘.’ character is not treated specially. @@ -2983,9 +2986,9 @@ for a description of the nocaseglob, nullglob, failglob, and dotglob options.

The GLOBIGNORE -shell variable may be used to restrict the set of filenames matching a +shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file names matching a pattern. If GLOBIGNORE -is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in +is set, each matching file name that also matches one of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE is removed from the list of matches. If the nocaseglob option is set, the matching against the patterns in GLOBIGNORE is performed without regard to case. @@ -3110,6 +3113,12 @@ sub-patterns:

+

Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, +especially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings +contain multiple matches. +Using separate matches against shorter strings, or using arrays of +strings instead of a single long string, may be faster. +

@@ -3154,6 +3163,9 @@ In this case, for each redirection operator except than 10 and assign it to {varname}. If >&- or <&- is preceded by {varname}, the value of varname defines the file descriptor to close. +If {varname} is supplied, the redirection persists beyond +the scope of the command, allowing the shell programmer to manage +the file descriptor himself.

In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is @@ -6001,6 +6013,8 @@ if the directory name initially supplied does not exist.

dotglob

If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a ‘.’ in the results of filename expansion. +The filenames ‘.’ and ‘..’ must always be matched explicitly, +even if dotglob is set.

execfail
@@ -6424,6 +6438,10 @@ reading any startup files. This variable is readonly.

Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process. This differs from $$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. +Assignments to BASHPID have no effect. +If BASHPID +is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is +subsequently reset.

BASH_ALIASES @@ -6469,6 +6487,19 @@ for a description of the extdebug option to the shopt builtin).

+
BASH_ARGV0 + +
+

When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or shell +script (identical to $0; See Special Parameters, +for the description of special parameter 0). +Assignment to BASH_ARGV0 +causes the value assigned to also be assigned to $0. +If BASH_ARGV0 +is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is +subsequently reset. +

+
BASH_CMDS
@@ -6770,6 +6801,29 @@ Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. POSIX Mode (see Bash POSIX Mode).

+
EPOCHREALTIME + +
+

Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of seconds +since the Unix Epoch as a floating point value with micro-second granularity +(see the documentation for the C library function time for the +definition of Epoch). +Assignments to EPOCHREALTIME are ignored. +If EPOCHREALTIME is unset, it loses its special properties, even if +it is subsequently reset. +

+
+
EPOCHSECONDS + +
+

Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of seconds +since the Unix Epoch (see the documentation for the C library function +time for the definition of Epoch). +Assignments to EPOCHSECONDS are ignored. +If EPOCHSECONDS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if +it is subsequently reset. +

+
EUID
@@ -6847,9 +6901,9 @@ will cause the current command to abort.
GLOBIGNORE
-

A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to +

A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file names to be ignored by filename expansion. -If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one +If a file name matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE, it is removed from the list of matches. The pattern matching honors the setting of the extglob shell @@ -9102,6 +9156,11 @@ The jobs command may then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command, Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.

+

When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wait +builtin, and job control is enabled, wait will return when the +job changes state. The -f option will force wait to wait +until the job or process terminates before returning. +

@@ -9212,7 +9271,7 @@ or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
wait
-
wait [-n] [jobspec or pid …]
+
wait [-fn] [jobspec or pid …]

Wait until the child process specified by each process ID pid @@ -9223,6 +9282,9 @@ If no arguments are given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the -n option is supplied, wait waits for any job to terminate and returns its exit status. +If the -f option is supplied, and job control is enabled, +wait forces each pid or jobspec to terminate before +returning its status, intead of returning when it changes status. If neither jobspec nor pid specifies an active child process of the shell, the return status is 127.

@@ -10710,8 +10772,8 @@ This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound.

-
history-substr-search-forward () - +
history-substring-search-forward () +

Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. @@ -10720,8 +10782,8 @@ This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound.

-
history-substr-search-backward () - +
history-substring-search-backward () +

Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. @@ -11285,11 +11347,12 @@ ring the terminal’s bell (subject to the setting of bell-style).

-
do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, …) - +
do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, …) +
-

If the metafied character x is lowercase, run the command -that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. +

If the metafied character x is upper case, run the command +that is bound to the corresponding metafied lower case character. +The behavior is undefined if x is already lower case.

prefix-meta (ESC) @@ -11483,8 +11546,8 @@ relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored.

-
edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e) - +
edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e) +

Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell commands. @@ -12301,8 +12364,12 @@ with the other options to replace the history list completely.

-d offset

Delete the history entry at position offset. -offset should be specified as it appears when the history is -displayed. +If offset is positive, it should be specified as it appears when +the history is displayed. +If offset is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater +than the last history position, so negative indices count back from the +end of the history, and an index of ‘-1’ refers to the current +history -d command.

-a
@@ -13097,6 +13164,13 @@ This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to be timed.

Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).

+
--enable-dev-fd-stat-broken
+

If calling stat on /dev/fd/N returns different results than +calling fstat on file descriptor N, supply this option to +enable a workaround. +This has implications for conditional commands that test file attributes. +

+
--enable-direxpand-default

Cause the direxpand shell option (see The Shopt Builtin) to be enabled by default when the shell starts. @@ -14614,6 +14688,7 @@ Next: , Pre BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables +BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables @@ -14666,6 +14741,8 @@ Next: , Pre enable-bracketed-paste: Readline Init File Syntax enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax ENV: Bash Variables +EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables +EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables EUID: Bash Variables EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax @@ -14937,7 +15014,7 @@ Next: , Previ delete-horizontal-space (): Commands For Killing digit-argument (M-0, M-1, … M--): Numeric Arguments display-shell-version (C-x C-v): Miscellaneous Commands -do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, …): Miscellaneous Commands +do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, …): Miscellaneous Commands downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text dump-functions (): Miscellaneous Commands dump-macros (): Miscellaneous Commands @@ -14945,7 +15022,7 @@ Next: , Previ dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB): Commands For Completion

E -edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e): Miscellaneous Commands +edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e): Miscellaneous Commands end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros end-of-file (usually C-d): Commands For Text end-of-history (M->): Commands For History @@ -14968,8 +15045,8 @@ Next: , Previ history-expand-line (M-^): Miscellaneous Commands history-search-backward (): Commands For History history-search-forward (): Commands For History -history-substr-search-backward (): Commands For History -history-substr-search-forward (): Commands For History +history-substring-search-backward (): Commands For History +history-substring-search-forward (): Commands For History
I insert-comment (M-#): Miscellaneous Commands diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info index 28b06109..4a8af0a6 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.info +++ b/doc/bashref.info @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ -This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from +This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.3 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 7 September 2016). +Bash shell (version 4.4, 1 February 2017). - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 7 September 2016, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 1 February 2017, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. - Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1988-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 7 September 2016). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 4.4, 1 February 2017). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 7 September 2016, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 1 February 2017, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -1494,7 +1494,8 @@ characters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is strictly textual. Bash does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string '${' is not -considered eligible for brace expansion. +considered eligible for brace expansion, and inhibits brace expansion +until the closing '}'.. A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence @@ -1881,7 +1882,7 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. 'E' The expansion is a string that is the value of PARAMETER with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the '$'...'' - quoting mechansim. + quoting mechanism. 'P' The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of PARAMETER as if it were a prompt string (*note @@ -2046,17 +2047,18 @@ performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character '.' at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash must be matched -explicitly, unless the shell option 'dotglob' is set. When matching a -filename, the slash character must always be matched explicitly. In -other cases, the '.' character is not treated specially. +explicitly, unless the shell option 'dotglob' is set. The filenames '.' +and '..' must always be matched explicitly, even if 'dotglob' is set. +When matching a filename, the slash character must always be matched +explicitly. In other cases, the '.' character is not treated specially. See the description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::, for a description of the 'nocaseglob', 'nullglob', 'failglob', and 'dotglob' options. The 'GLOBIGNORE' shell variable may be used to restrict the set of -filenames matching a pattern. If 'GLOBIGNORE' is set, each matching -filename that also matches one of the patterns in 'GLOBIGNORE' is +file names matching a pattern. If 'GLOBIGNORE' is set, each matching +file name that also matches one of the patterns in 'GLOBIGNORE' is removed from the list of matches. If the 'nocaseglob' option is set, the matching against the patterns in 'GLOBIGNORE' is performed without regard to case. The filenames '.' and '..' are always ignored when @@ -2149,6 +2151,12 @@ of the following sub-patterns: '!(PATTERN-LIST)' Matches anything except one of the given patterns. + Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, +especially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings +contain multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter +strings, or using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may +be faster. +  File: bashref.info, Node: Quote Removal, Prev: Filename Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions @@ -2180,7 +2188,9 @@ instead be preceded by a word of the form {VARNAME}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to {VARNAME}. If >&- or <&- is preceded by {VARNAME}, the value of VARNAME defines the file -descriptor to close. +descriptor to close. If {VARNAME} is supplied, the redirection persists +beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell programmer to manage +the file descriptor himself. In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is '<', the @@ -4384,7 +4394,8 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. 'dotglob' If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a '.' in the - results of filename expansion. + results of filename expansion. The filenames '.' and '..' + must always be matched explicitly, even if 'dotglob' is set. 'execfail' If this is set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it @@ -4706,7 +4717,9 @@ Variables::). 'BASHPID' Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process. This differs from '$$' under certain circumstances, such as subshells - that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. + that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. Assignments to + 'BASHPID' have no effect. If 'BASHPID' is unset, it loses its + special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. 'BASH_ALIASES' An associative array variable whose members correspond to the @@ -4737,6 +4750,14 @@ Variables::). The Shopt Builtin:: for a description of the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt' builtin). +'BASH_ARGV0' + When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or + shell script (identical to '$0'; *Note Special Parameters::, for + the description of special parameter 0). Assignment to + 'BASH_ARGV0' causes the value assigned to also be assigned to '$0'. + If 'BASH_ARGV0' is unset, it loses its special properties, even if + it is subsequently reset. + 'BASH_CMDS' An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal hash table of commands as maintained by the 'hash' builtin @@ -4932,6 +4953,21 @@ Variables::). Similar to 'BASH_ENV'; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX Mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::). +'EPOCHREALTIME' + Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of + seconds since the Unix Epoch as a floating point value with + micro-second granularity (see the documentation for the C library + function TIME for the definition of Epoch). Assignments to + 'EPOCHREALTIME' are ignored. If 'EPOCHREALTIME' is unset, it loses + its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. + +'EPOCHSECONDS' + Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of + seconds since the Unix Epoch (see the documentation for the C + library function TIME for the definition of Epoch). Assignments to + 'EPOCHSECONDS' are ignored. If 'EPOCHSECONDS' is unset, it loses + its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. + 'EUID' The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable is readonly. @@ -4982,8 +5018,8 @@ Variables::). nesting level will cause the current command to abort. 'GLOBIGNORE' - A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to - be ignored by filename expansion. If a filename matched by a + A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file names + to be ignored by filename expansion. If a file name matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in 'GLOBIGNORE', it is removed from the list of matches. The pattern matching honors the setting of the 'extglob' shell option. @@ -6699,6 +6735,11 @@ command may then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command, Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. + When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the 'wait' +builtin, and job control is enabled, 'wait' will return when the job +changes state. The '-f' option will force 'wait' to wait until the job +or process terminates before returning. +  File: bashref.info, Node: Job Control Builtins, Next: Job Control Variables, Prev: Job Control Basics, Up: Job Control @@ -6775,7 +6816,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Job Control Builtins, Next: Job Control Variables, option is encountered. 'wait' - wait [-n] [JOBSPEC or PID ...] + wait [-fn] [JOBSPEC or PID ...] Wait until the child process specified by each process ID PID or job specification JOBSPEC exits and return the exit status of the @@ -6783,7 +6824,10 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Job Control Builtins, Next: Job Control Variables, the job are waited for. If no arguments are given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the '-n' option is supplied, 'wait' waits for any job to - terminate and returns its exit status. If neither JOBSPEC nor PID + terminate and returns its exit status. If the '-f' option is + supplied, and job control is enabled, 'wait' forces each PID or + JOBSPEC to terminate before returning its status, intead of + returning when it changes status. If neither JOBSPEC nor PID specifies an active child process of the shell, the return status is 127. @@ -7876,13 +7920,13 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Commands For History, Next: Commands For Text, Prev string must match at the beginning of a history line. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. -'history-substr-search-forward ()' +'history-substring-search-forward ()' Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. The search string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. -'history-substr-search-backward ()' +'history-substring-search-backward ()' Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. The search string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a @@ -8226,9 +8270,10 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of 'bell-style'). -'do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-X, ...)' - If the metafied character X is lowercase, run the command that is - bound to the corresponding uppercase character. +'do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-X, ...)' + If the metafied character X is upper case, run the command that is + bound to the corresponding metafied lower case character. The + behavior is undefined if X is already lower case. 'prefix-meta ()' Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards without a @@ -8350,7 +8395,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. -'edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)' +'edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)' Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell commands. Bash attempts to invoke '$VISUAL', '$EDITOR', and 'emacs' as the editor, in that order. @@ -9005,8 +9050,13 @@ history file. options to replace the history list completely. '-d OFFSET' - Delete the history entry at position OFFSET. OFFSET should be - specified as it appears when the history is displayed. + Delete the history entry at position OFFSET. If OFFSET is + positive, it should be specified as it appears when the + history is displayed. If OFFSET is negative, it is + interpreted as relative to one greater than the last history + position, so negative indices count back from the end of the + history, and an index of '-1' refers to the current 'history + -d' command. '-a' Append the new history lines to the history file. These are @@ -9611,6 +9661,12 @@ unless the operating system does not provide the necessary support. '--enable-debugger' Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately). +'--enable-dev-fd-stat-broken' + If calling 'stat' on /dev/fd/N returns different results than + calling 'fstat' on file descriptor N, supply this option to enable + a workaround. This has implications for conditional commands that + test file attributes. + '--enable-direxpand-default' Cause the 'direxpand' shell option (*note The Shopt Builtin::) to be enabled by default when the shell starts. It is normally @@ -10660,7 +10716,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * dirs: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 7) * disown: Job Control Builtins. - (line 89) + (line 92) * echo: Bash Builtins. (line 245) * enable: Bash Builtins. (line 294) * eval: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -10709,7 +10765,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9) * source: Bash Builtins. (line 559) * suspend: Job Control Builtins. - (line 101) + (line 104) * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 268) * times: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -10801,22 +10857,23 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * BASH: Bash Variables. (line 13) * BASHOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 16) * BASHPID: Bash Variables. (line 25) -* BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables. (line 30) -* BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables. (line 39) -* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 49) -* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 59) -* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 68) -* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 73) -* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 88) -* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 94) -* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 97) -* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 105) -* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 109) -* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 117) -* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 124) -* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 129) -* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 152) -* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 155) +* BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables. (line 32) +* BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables. (line 41) +* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 51) +* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 61) +* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 69) +* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 78) +* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 83) +* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 98) +* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 104) +* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 107) +* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 115) +* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 119) +* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 127) +* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 134) +* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 139) +* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 162) +* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 165) * bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 38) * bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -10825,12 +10882,12 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 50) * CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 9) -* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 166) +* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 176) * colored-completion-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 55) * colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 62) -* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 173) +* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 183) * comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 68) * completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -10843,88 +10900,90 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 91) * completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 98) -* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 225) -* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 179) -* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 208) -* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 185) -* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 190) -* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 198) -* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 212) -* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 218) +* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 235) +* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 189) +* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 218) +* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 195) +* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 200) +* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 208) +* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 222) +* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 228) * convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 108) -* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 231) -* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 235) +* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 241) +* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 245) * disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 116) * echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 121) * editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 126) -* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 245) +* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 255) * emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 132) * enable-bracketed-paste: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 142) * enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 150) -* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 250) -* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 254) -* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 258) +* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 260) +* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 264) +* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 272) +* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 279) +* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 283) * expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 161) -* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 271) -* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 275) -* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 281) -* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 298) -* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 303) -* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 310) -* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 316) -* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 331) -* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 336) -* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 352) -* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 356) -* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 367) +* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 296) +* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 300) +* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 306) +* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 323) +* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 328) +* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 335) +* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 341) +* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 356) +* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 361) +* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 377) +* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 381) +* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 392) * history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 165) * history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 171) -* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 387) -* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 394) +* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 412) +* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 419) * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 13) * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 180) -* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 402) -* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 413) -* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 416) +* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 427) +* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 438) +* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 441) * IFS: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 18) -* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 419) +* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 444) * input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 429) +* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 454) * isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 195) * keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 202) -* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 433) -* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 437) -* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 441) -* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 448) +* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 458) +* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 462) +* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 466) +* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 473) * LC_MESSAGES: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 453) -* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 457) -* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 461) -* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 465) -* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 469) -* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 475) +* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 478) +* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 482) +* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 486) +* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 490) +* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 494) +* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 500) * MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 22) -* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 479) +* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 504) * MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 27) -* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 487) +* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 512) * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 232) * mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -10935,42 +10994,42 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 249) * meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 491) +* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 516) * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 34) -* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 494) +* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 519) * OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 38) -* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 498) +* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 523) * output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 254) * page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 260) * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 42) -* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 501) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 506) -* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 515) -* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 519) -* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 523) -* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 529) +* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 526) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 531) +* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 540) +* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 544) +* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 548) +* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 554) * PS1: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 48) * PS2: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 53) -* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 534) -* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 539) -* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 545) -* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 548) -* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 553) -* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 557) -* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 561) +* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 559) +* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 564) +* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 570) +* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 573) +* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 578) +* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 582) +* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 586) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 270) -* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 564) -* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 570) -* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 575) -* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 584) +* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 589) +* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 595) +* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 600) +* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 609) * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 276) * show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -10981,10 +11040,10 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 297) * TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11) * TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 589) -* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 627) -* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 639) -* UID: Bash Variables. (line 643) +* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 614) +* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 652) +* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 664) +* UID: Bash Variables. (line 668) * vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 310) * vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11006,7 +11065,7 @@ D.4 Function Index * accept-line (Newline or Return): Commands For History. (line 6) * alias-expand-line (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 124) + (line 125) * backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving. (line 15) * backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. (line 17) * backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing. @@ -11021,9 +11080,9 @@ D.4 Function Index * call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e): Keyboard Macros. (line 13) * capitalize-word (M-c): Commands For Text. (line 61) * character-search (C-]): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 41) + (line 42) * character-search-backward (M-C-]): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 46) + (line 47) * clear-screen (C-l): Commands For Moving. (line 34) * complete (): Commands For Completion. (line 6) @@ -11054,56 +11113,56 @@ D.4 Function Index (line 46) * digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--): Numeric Arguments. (line 6) * display-shell-version (C-x C-v): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 109) -* do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 110) +* do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands. (line 14) * downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. (line 57) * dump-functions (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 73) + (line 74) * dump-macros (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 85) + (line 86) * dump-variables (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 79) + (line 80) * dynamic-complete-history (M-): Commands For Completion. (line 90) -* edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 138) +* edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 139) * end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros. (line 9) * end-of-file (usually C-d): Commands For Text. (line 6) * end-of-history (M->): Commands For History. (line 23) * end-of-line (C-e): Commands For Moving. (line 9) * exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 36) + (line 37) * forward-backward-delete-char (): Commands For Text. (line 21) * forward-char (C-f): Commands For Moving. (line 12) * forward-search-history (C-s): Commands For History. (line 31) * forward-word (M-f): Commands For Moving. (line 18) * glob-complete-word (M-g): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 91) + (line 92) * glob-expand-word (C-x *): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 97) + (line 98) * glob-list-expansions (C-x g): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 103) + (line 104) * history-and-alias-expand-line (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 127) + (line 128) * history-expand-line (M-^): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 117) + (line 118) * history-search-backward (): Commands For History. (line 53) * history-search-forward (): Commands For History. (line 47) -* history-substr-search-backward (): Commands For History. +* history-substring-search-backward (): Commands For History. (line 65) -* history-substr-search-forward (): Commands For History. +* history-substring-search-forward (): Commands For History. (line 59) * insert-comment (M-#): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 60) + (line 61) * insert-completions (M-*): Commands For Completion. (line 22) * insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 130) + (line 131) * kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing. (line 6) * kill-region (): Commands For Killing. @@ -11113,7 +11172,7 @@ D.4 Function Index * kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing. (line 19) * magic-space (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 120) + (line 121) * menu-complete (): Commands For Completion. (line 26) * menu-complete-backward (): Commands For Completion. @@ -11125,7 +11184,7 @@ D.4 Function Index * non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p): Commands For History. (line 35) * operate-and-get-next (C-o): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 133) + (line 134) * overwrite-mode (): Commands For Text. (line 65) * possible-command-completions (C-x !): Commands For Completion. (line 86) @@ -11140,7 +11199,7 @@ D.4 Function Index * possible-variable-completions (C-x $): Commands For Completion. (line 68) * prefix-meta (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 18) + (line 19) * previous-history (C-p): Commands For History. (line 13) * print-last-kbd-macro (): Keyboard Macros. (line 17) @@ -11151,27 +11210,27 @@ D.4 Function Index * reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History. (line 27) * revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 25) + (line 26) * self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...): Commands For Text. (line 30) * set-mark (C-@): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 32) + (line 33) * shell-backward-kill-word (): Commands For Killing. (line 33) * shell-backward-word (): Commands For Moving. (line 30) * shell-expand-line (M-C-e): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 112) + (line 113) * shell-forward-word (): Commands For Moving. (line 26) * shell-kill-word (): Commands For Killing. (line 28) * skip-csi-sequence (): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 51) + (line 52) * start-kbd-macro (C-x (): Keyboard Macros. (line 6) * tilde-expand (M-&): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 29) + (line 30) * transpose-chars (C-t): Commands For Text. (line 42) * transpose-words (M-t): Commands For Text. (line 48) * undo (C-_ or C-x C-u): Miscellaneous Commands. - (line 22) + (line 23) * universal-argument (): Numeric Arguments. (line 10) * unix-filename-rubout (): Commands For Killing. (line 41) @@ -11351,134 +11410,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top897 -Node: Introduction2817 -Node: What is Bash?3033 -Node: What is a shell?4147 -Node: Definitions6685 -Node: Basic Shell Features9636 -Node: Shell Syntax10855 -Node: Shell Operation11881 -Node: Quoting13174 -Node: Escape Character14474 -Node: Single Quotes14959 -Node: Double Quotes15307 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16585 -Node: Locale Translation17838 -Node: Comments18734 -Node: Shell Commands19352 -Node: Simple Commands20224 -Node: Pipelines20855 -Node: Lists23598 -Node: Compound Commands25327 -Node: Looping Constructs26330 -Node: Conditional Constructs28793 -Node: Command Grouping39715 -Node: Coprocesses41194 -Node: GNU Parallel43026 -Node: Shell Functions46999 -Node: Shell Parameters52205 -Node: Positional Parameters56618 -Node: Special Parameters57518 -Node: Shell Expansions60855 -Node: Brace Expansion62949 -Node: Tilde Expansion65730 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion68078 -Node: Command Substitution82210 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion83565 -Node: Process Substitution84497 -Node: Word Splitting85617 -Node: Filename Expansion87561 -Node: Pattern Matching89845 -Node: Quote Removal93543 -Node: Redirections93838 -Node: Executing Commands103258 -Node: Simple Command Expansion103928 -Node: Command Search and Execution105858 -Node: Command Execution Environment108194 -Node: Environment111178 -Node: Exit Status112837 -Node: Signals114507 -Node: Shell Scripts116474 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands118989 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins121023 -Node: Bash Builtins141623 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170268 -Node: The Set Builtin170613 -Node: The Shopt Builtin181026 -Node: Special Builtins196825 -Node: Shell Variables197804 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables198241 -Node: Bash Variables200272 -Node: Bash Features228652 -Node: Invoking Bash229551 -Node: Bash Startup Files235500 -Node: Interactive Shells240603 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?241013 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241662 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242477 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245852 -Node: Shell Arithmetic250092 -Node: Aliases252909 -Node: Arrays255457 -Node: The Directory Stack260541 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins261325 -Node: Controlling the Prompt264293 -Node: The Restricted Shell267039 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode268864 -Node: Job Control279215 -Node: Job Control Basics279675 -Node: Job Control Builtins284394 -Node: Job Control Variables288924 -Node: Command Line Editing290080 -Node: Introduction and Notation291751 -Node: Readline Interaction293374 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials294565 -Node: Readline Movement Commands296348 -Node: Readline Killing Commands297308 -Node: Readline Arguments299226 -Node: Searching300270 -Node: Readline Init File302456 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax303603 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs323790 -Node: Sample Init File326315 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands329432 -Node: Commands For Moving330636 -Node: Commands For History331779 -Node: Commands For Text336068 -Node: Commands For Killing339457 -Node: Numeric Arguments341938 -Node: Commands For Completion343077 -Node: Keyboard Macros347268 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands347955 -Node: Readline vi Mode353759 -Node: Programmable Completion354666 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins362127 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example372013 -Node: Using History Interactively377265 -Node: Bash History Facilities377949 -Node: Bash History Builtins380950 -Node: History Interaction384947 -Node: Event Designators387911 -Node: Word Designators389130 -Node: Modifiers390767 -Node: Installing Bash392169 -Node: Basic Installation393306 -Node: Compilers and Options395997 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures396738 -Node: Installation Names398401 -Node: Specifying the System Type399219 -Node: Sharing Defaults399935 -Node: Operation Controls400608 -Node: Optional Features401566 -Node: Reporting Bugs411823 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell413017 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License429869 -Node: Indexes455046 -Node: Builtin Index455500 -Node: Reserved Word Index462327 -Node: Variable Index464775 -Node: Function Index480234 -Node: Concept Index493391 +Node: Top895 +Node: Introduction2813 +Node: What is Bash?3029 +Node: What is a shell?4143 +Node: Definitions6681 +Node: Basic Shell Features9632 +Node: Shell Syntax10851 +Node: Shell Operation11877 +Node: Quoting13170 +Node: Escape Character14470 +Node: Single Quotes14955 +Node: Double Quotes15303 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16581 +Node: Locale Translation17834 +Node: Comments18730 +Node: Shell Commands19348 +Node: Simple Commands20220 +Node: Pipelines20851 +Node: Lists23594 +Node: Compound Commands25323 +Node: Looping Constructs26326 +Node: Conditional Constructs28789 +Node: Command Grouping39711 +Node: Coprocesses41190 +Node: GNU Parallel43022 +Node: Shell Functions46995 +Node: Shell Parameters52201 +Node: Positional Parameters56614 +Node: Special Parameters57514 +Node: Shell Expansions60851 +Node: Brace Expansion62945 +Node: Tilde Expansion65779 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion68127 +Node: Command Substitution82259 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion83614 +Node: Process Substitution84546 +Node: Word Splitting85666 +Node: Filename Expansion87610 +Node: Pattern Matching89984 +Node: Quote Removal93970 +Node: Redirections94265 +Node: Executing Commands103839 +Node: Simple Command Expansion104509 +Node: Command Search and Execution106439 +Node: Command Execution Environment108775 +Node: Environment111759 +Node: Exit Status113418 +Node: Signals115088 +Node: Shell Scripts117055 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands119570 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins121604 +Node: Bash Builtins142204 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170849 +Node: The Set Builtin171194 +Node: The Shopt Builtin181607 +Node: Special Builtins197505 +Node: Shell Variables198484 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables198921 +Node: Bash Variables200952 +Node: Bash Features230660 +Node: Invoking Bash231559 +Node: Bash Startup Files237508 +Node: Interactive Shells242611 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?243021 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?243670 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior244485 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions247860 +Node: Shell Arithmetic252100 +Node: Aliases254917 +Node: Arrays257465 +Node: The Directory Stack262549 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins263333 +Node: Controlling the Prompt266301 +Node: The Restricted Shell269047 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode270872 +Node: Job Control281223 +Node: Job Control Basics281683 +Node: Job Control Builtins286651 +Node: Job Control Variables291378 +Node: Command Line Editing292534 +Node: Introduction and Notation294205 +Node: Readline Interaction295828 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials297019 +Node: Readline Movement Commands298802 +Node: Readline Killing Commands299762 +Node: Readline Arguments301680 +Node: Searching302724 +Node: Readline Init File304910 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax306057 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs326244 +Node: Sample Init File328769 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands331886 +Node: Commands For Moving333090 +Node: Commands For History334233 +Node: Commands For Text338528 +Node: Commands For Killing341917 +Node: Numeric Arguments344398 +Node: Commands For Completion345537 +Node: Keyboard Macros349728 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands350415 +Node: Readline vi Mode356291 +Node: Programmable Completion357198 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins364659 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example374545 +Node: Using History Interactively379797 +Node: Bash History Facilities380481 +Node: Bash History Builtins383482 +Node: History Interaction387774 +Node: Event Designators390738 +Node: Word Designators391957 +Node: Modifiers393594 +Node: Installing Bash394996 +Node: Basic Installation396133 +Node: Compilers and Options398824 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures399565 +Node: Installation Names401228 +Node: Specifying the System Type402046 +Node: Sharing Defaults402762 +Node: Operation Controls403435 +Node: Optional Features404393 +Node: Reporting Bugs414919 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell416113 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License432965 +Node: Indexes458142 +Node: Builtin Index458596 +Node: Reserved Word Index465423 +Node: Variable Index467871 +Node: Function Index483549 +Node: Concept Index496706  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bashref.log b/doc/bashref.log index cb0a9c12..a9c9b1a2 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.log +++ b/doc/bashref.log @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.17 (TeX Live 2016/MacPorts 2016_1) (preloaded format=pdftex 2016.7.6) 7 SEP 2016 17:14 +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.17 (TeX Live 2016/MacPorts 2016_4) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2017.1.6) 1 FEB 2017 10:46 entering extended mode restricted \write18 enabled. + file:line:error style messages enabled. %&-line parsing enabled. -**/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi -(/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex +**\input /usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi +(/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi +(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/texinfo.tex Loading texinfo [version 2015-11-22.14]: \outerhsize=\dimen16 \outervsize=\dimen17 @@ -159,19 +161,22 @@ This is `epsf.tex' v2.7.4 <14 February 2011> texinfo.tex: doing @include of version.texi -(./version.texi) [1{/opt/local/var/db/texmf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map} -] [2] (./bashref.toc [-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4] (./bashref.toc) (./bashref.toc) -Chapter 1 +(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/version.texi) [1{/opt/local/var/db/texmf/fonts/ma +p/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] [2] (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.toc +[-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4] (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.toc) +(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.toc) Chapter 1 \openout0 = `bashref.toc'. - (./bashref.aux) + +(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.aux) \openout1 = `bashref.aux'. Chapter 2 [1] [2] @cpindfile=@write2 \openout2 = `bashref.cp'. - [3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] + [3] Chapter 3 +[4] [5] [6] @vrindfile=@write3 \openout3 = `bashref.vr'. @@ -179,8 +184,7 @@ Chapter 1 @rwindfile=@write4 \openout4 = `bashref.rw'. - -[8] [9] [10] + [8] [9] [10] Overfull \hbox (38.26587pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 872--872 []@texttt case @textttsl word @texttt in [ [(] @textttsl pat-tern @texttt [| @ textttsl pattern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[] @@ -239,7 +243,7 @@ arallel -k traceroute[] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] -Overfull \hbox (26.76846pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4268--4268 +Overfull \hbox (26.76846pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4280--4280 []@texttt mapfile [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt ] [-n @textttsl count@texttt ] [ -O @textttsl ori-gin@texttt ] [-s @textttsl count@texttt ] [-t] [-u @textttsl f d@texttt ][] @@ -253,7 +257,7 @@ d@texttt ][] .etc. [55] [56] -Overfull \hbox (38.26584pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4472--4472 +Overfull \hbox (38.26584pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4484--4484 []@texttt readarray [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt ] [-n @textttsl count@texttt ] [-O @textttsl ori-gin@texttt ] [-s @textttsl count@texttt ] [-t] [-u @textttsl fd@texttt ][] @@ -267,8 +271,8 @@ Overfull \hbox (38.26584pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4472--4472 .etc. [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] Chapter 5 -[70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] Chapter 6 [81] -Overfull \hbox (49.43388pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6183--6183 +[70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] Chapter 6 [82] +Overfull \hbox (49.43388pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6228--6228 []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar- @@ -281,7 +285,7 @@ exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar- .etc. -Overfull \hbox (72.42863pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6184--6184 +Overfull \hbox (72.42863pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6229--6229 []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar - @@ -295,7 +299,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (72.42863pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6184--6184 .etc. -Overfull \hbox (32.18782pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6185--6185 +Overfull \hbox (32.18782pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6230--6230 []@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar- @@ -307,13 +311,13 @@ tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar- .@texttt s .etc. -[82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] [95] [96] -[97] [98] Chapter 7 [99] [100] [101] [102] +[83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] [95] [96] [97] +[98] [99] Chapter 7 [100] [101] [102] [103] texinfo.tex: doing @include of rluser.texi -(/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [103] -[104] [105] [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] +(/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [104] +[105] [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] Underfull \hbox (badness 7540) in paragraph at lines 802--808 []@textrm In the above ex-am-ple, @textttsl C-u[] @textrm is bound to the func -tion @@ -339,7 +343,7 @@ e func-tion .@texttt v .etc. -[114] [115] [116] +[115] [116] [117] Overfull \hbox (26.43913pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 997--997 []@texttt Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is i gnored[] @@ -352,13 +356,13 @@ gnored[] .@texttt t .etc. -[117] [118] +[118] [119] @fnindfile=@write6 \openout6 = `bashref.fn'. - [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] -[129] [130] [131] [132] [133] [134] -Overfull \hbox (26.43913pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 2233--2233 + [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] +[130] [131] [132] [133] [134] [135] +Overfull \hbox (26.43913pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 2234--2234 [] @texttt # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full p athname[] @@ -370,46 +374,47 @@ athname[] .@penalty 10000 .etc. -[135]) +[136]) texinfo.tex: doing @include of hsuser.texi (/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9 -[136] [137] [138] [139] [140]) Chapter 10 [141] [142] [143] [144] [145] -[146] [147] Appendix A [148] Appendix B [149] [150] [151] [152] [153] [154] -Appendix C [155] +[137] [138] [139] [140] [141]) Chapter 10 [142] [143] [144] [145] [146] +[147] [148] [149] Appendix A [150] Appendix B [151] [152] [153] [154] [155] +[156] Appendix C [157] texinfo.tex: doing @include of fdl.texi - (./fdl.texi [156] [157] [158] [159] [160] [161] [162]) -Appendix D [163] [164] [165] [166] [167] [168] [169] [170] [171] [172] ) + (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/fdl.texi [158] [159] +[160] [161] [162] [163] [164]) Appendix D [165] [166] [167] [168] [169] +[170] [171] [172] [173] [174] ) Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: - 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g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)38 -b Fu(164)275 2552 y(D.2)92 b(Index)29 b(of)i(Shell)f(Reserv)m(ed)h(W)-8 +b Fu(166)275 2552 y(D.2)92 b(Index)29 b(of)i(Shell)f(Reserv)m(ed)h(W)-8 b(ords)20 b Fn(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 -b Fu(165)275 2661 y(D.3)92 b(P)m(arameter)31 b(and)f(V)-8 +b Fu(167)275 2661 y(D.3)92 b(P)m(arameter)31 b(and)f(V)-8 b(ariable)32 b(Index)27 b Fn(:)16 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)42 b Fu(166)275 2771 y(D.4)92 b(F)-8 b(unction)31 +h(:)f(:)g(:)42 b Fu(168)275 2771 y(D.4)92 b(F)-8 b(unction)31 b(Index)24 b Fn(:)15 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)38 -b Fu(168)275 2880 y(D.5)92 b(Concept)30 b(Index)15 b +b Fu(170)275 2880 y(D.5)92 b(Concept)30 b(Index)15 b Fn(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)29 b -Fu(170)p eop end +Fu(172)p eop end %%Page: 1 7 TeXDict begin 1 6 bop 3705 -116 a Fu(1)150 299 y Fp(1)80 b(In)l(tro)t(duction)150 604 y Fs(1.1)68 b(What)45 b(is)g(Bash?)150 @@ -8317,14 +8317,14 @@ y Fu(The)c(follo)m(wing)h(is)f(a)h(brief)e(description)i(of)f(the)g (\014le)h(\(see)g(Section)g(3.8)g([Shell)f(Scripts],)j(page)e(40\),)k (from)41 b(a)i(string)330 3566 y(supplied)30 b(as)h(an)g(argumen)m(t)h (to)g(the)f Ft(-c)g Fu(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)i(option)f(\(see)g(Section)g -(6.1)g([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)330 3675 y(page)f(82\),)h(or)e(from)g +(6.1)g([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)330 3675 y(page)f(83\),)h(or)e(from)g (the)h(user's)f(terminal.)199 3821 y(2.)61 b(Breaks)43 b(the)g(input)f(in)m(to)h(w)m(ords)f(and)g(op)s(erators,)k(ob)s(eying)d (the)g(quoting)g(rules)f(describ)s(ed)f(in)330 3931 y(Section)27 b(3.1.2)i([Quoting],)f(page)f(6.)40 b(These)26 b(tok)m(ens)i(are)f (separated)g(b)m(y)f Ft(metacharacters)p Fu(.)36 b(Alias)330 4040 y(expansion)30 b(is)h(p)s(erformed)d(b)m(y)j(this)f(step)g(\(see)i -(Section)f(6.6)g([Aliases],)i(page)e(90\).)199 4186 y(3.)61 +(Section)f(6.6)g([Aliases],)i(page)e(91\).)199 4186 y(3.)61 b(P)m(arses)35 b(the)g(tok)m(ens)g(in)m(to)h(simple)e(and)g(comp)s (ound)f(commands)h(\(see)h(Section)h(3.2)f([Shell)g(Com-)330 4296 y(mands],)30 b(page)h(8\).)199 4442 y(4.)61 b(P)m(erforms)40 @@ -8359,11 +8359,11 @@ y(Quoting)c(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)j(disable)e(sp)s(ecial)h(treatmen)m (quoted)g(if)h(it)g(is)f(to)h(represen)m(t)g(itself.)68 b(When)39 b(the)h(command)f(history)150 1015 y(expansion)i(facilities)j (are)e(b)s(eing)f(used)g(\(see)h(Section)h(9.3)f([History)h(In)m -(teraction],)j(page)c(139\),)47 b(the)150 1124 y Fr(history)30 +(teraction],)j(page)c(140\),)47 b(the)150 1124 y Fr(history)30 b(expansion)h Fu(c)m(haracter,)h(usually)f(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(',)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(quoted)h(to)g(prev)m(en)m(t)g(history)g (expansion.)41 b(See)150 1234 y(Section)22 b(9.1)g([Bash)f(History)h(F) --8 b(acilities],)26 b(page)c(137,)j(for)20 b(more)h(details)h +-8 b(acilities],)26 b(page)c(138,)j(for)20 b(more)h(details)h (concerning)g(history)f(expansion.)275 1364 y(There)37 b(are)h(three)f(quoting)h(mec)m(hanisms:)56 b(the)38 b Fr(escap)s(e)g(c)m(haracter)p Fu(,)j(single)d(quotes,)i(and)d(double) @@ -8392,7 +8392,7 @@ b(quotes,)h(with)f(the)g(exception)h(of)f(`)p Ft($)p Fu(',)h(`)p Ft(`)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(',)g(and,)f(when)f(history)g (expansion)h(is)g(enabled,)h(`)p Ft(!)p Fu('.)150 3254 y(When)e(the)h(shell)g(is)g(in)f Fm(posix)g Fu(mo)s(de)g(\(see)i -(Section)f(6.11)i([Bash)e(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)k(page)e(96\),)i(the)e(`)p +(Section)f(6.11)i([Bash)e(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)k(page)e(97\),)i(the)e(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')150 3364 y(has)28 b(no)g(sp)s(ecial)h(meaning)g(within)f (double)g(quotes,)h(ev)m(en)g(when)f(history)g(expansion)g(is)g (enabled.)40 b(The)150 3474 y(c)m(haracters)h(`)p Ft($)p @@ -8490,7 +8490,7 @@ Ft(interactive_comments)38 b Fu(option)44 b(enabled)f(do)s(es)g(not)g (allo)m(w)150 5230 y(commen)m(ts.)56 b(The)34 b Ft (interactive_comments)c Fu(option)35 b(is)g(on)g(b)m(y)g(default)g(in)g (in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)55 b(See)150 5340 y(Section)30 -b(6.3)f([In)m(teractiv)m(e)j(Shells],)d(page)h(85,)g(for)e(a)i +b(6.3)f([In)m(teractiv)m(e)j(Shells],)d(page)h(86,)g(for)e(a)i (description)e(of)h(what)g(mak)m(es)h(a)f(shell)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e.)p eop end %%Page: 8 14 @@ -8551,7 +8551,7 @@ h(it)150 3752 y(\014nishes.)51 b(The)34 b(statistics)i(curren)m(tly)e (output)g(format)g(to)150 3971 y(that)j(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)h Fm(posix)p Fu(.)49 b(When)33 b(the)g(shell)g(is)h(in)e Fm(posix)h Fu(mo)s(de)g(\(see)h(Section)g(6.11)g([Bash)g(POSIX)150 -4081 y(Mo)s(de],)40 b(page)f(96\),)i(it)d(do)s(es)f(not)h(recognize)i +4081 y(Mo)s(de],)40 b(page)f(97\),)i(it)d(do)s(es)f(not)h(recognize)i Ft(time)c Fu(as)i(a)g(reserv)m(ed)g(w)m(ord)f(if)h(the)g(next)g(tok)m (en)g(b)s(egins)150 4191 y(with)33 b(a)g(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)49 b(The)33 b Ft(TIMEFORMAT)d Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(set) @@ -8565,7 +8565,7 @@ Fu(as)i(a)f(reserv)m(ed)g(w)m(ord)g(p)s(ermits)f(the)h(timing)150 (elines.)63 b(An)38 b(external)h Ft(time)e Fu(command)h(cannot)g(time) 150 4629 y(these)31 b(easily)-8 b(.)275 4765 y(When)29 b(the)h(shell)h(is)f(in)f Fm(posix)g Fu(mo)s(de)h(\(see)h(Section)f -(6.11)i([Bash)e(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(96\),)g Ft(time)150 +(6.11)i([Bash)e(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(97\),)g Ft(time)150 4875 y Fu(ma)m(y)26 b(b)s(e)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)d(a)h(newline.)39 b(In)25 b(this)h(case,)i(the)d(shell)h(displa)m(ys)g(the)g(total)h (user)e(and)g(system)h(time)150 4984 y(consumed)33 b(b)m(y)h(the)h @@ -8617,7 +8617,7 @@ Fr(bac)m(kground)p Fu(.)150 2355 y(The)f(shell)h(do)s(es)f(not)h(w)m (ait)g(for)f(the)h(command)f(to)i(\014nish,)d(and)h(the)h(return)e (status)i(is)g(0)g(\(true\).)40 b(When)150 2464 y(job)d(con)m(trol)i (is)e(not)g(activ)m(e)j(\(see)e(Chapter)f(7)g([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)j -(page)e(100\),)j(the)d(standard)e(input)g(for)150 2574 +(page)e(101\),)j(the)d(standard)e(input)g(for)150 2574 y(async)m(hronous)43 b(commands,)k(in)d(the)f(absence)i(of)f(an)m(y)g (explicit)h(redirections,)j(is)43 b(redirected)h(from)150 2684 y Ft(/dev/null)p Fu(.)275 2816 y(Commands)19 b(separated)j(b)m(y)f @@ -8710,7 +8710,7 @@ Fj(commands)e Ft(;)j(done)630 3794 y Fu(First,)38 b(the)f(arithmetic)h (expression)e Fr(expr1)43 b Fu(is)36 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)38 b(according)f(to)g(the)g(rules)f(de-)630 3904 y(scrib)s(ed)41 b(b)s(elo)m(w)h(\(see)h(Section)g(6.5)g([Shell)g(Arithmetic],)j(page)d -(89\).)77 b(The)42 b(arithmetic)630 4014 y(expression)33 +(90\).)77 b(The)42 b(arithmetic)630 4014 y(expression)33 b Fr(expr2)41 b Fu(is)34 b(then)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(rep)s(eatedly)f(un)m(til)g(it)g(ev)-5 b(aluates)35 b(to)g(zero.)51 b(Eac)m(h)630 4123 y(time)23 b Fr(expr2)30 @@ -8853,7 +8853,7 @@ b(fname)g(in)i(*;)870 2675 y(do)870 2785 y(echo)f(you)g(picked)f Ft(\)\))630 3425 y Fu(The)33 b(arithmetic)i Fr(expression)f Fu(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(according)g(to)f(the)g(rules)f(describ)s (ed)g(b)s(elo)m(w)630 3535 y(\(see)j(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f -(Arithmetic],)i(page)f(89\).)55 b(If)34 b(the)h(v)-5 +(Arithmetic],)i(page)f(90\).)55 b(If)34 b(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)g(the)g(expression)g(is)630 3644 y(non-zero,)27 b(the)f(return)e(status)i(is)g(0;)h(otherwise)f(the)g(return)e(status)i (is)g(1.)39 b(This)25 b(is)g(exactly)630 3754 y(equiv)-5 @@ -8867,7 +8867,7 @@ b(of)e(the)h(conditional)h(expres-)630 4550 y(sion)j Fr(expression)p Fu(.)41 b(Expressions)29 b(are)i(comp)s(osed)f(of)g (the)h(primaries)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(in)630 4659 y(Section)36 b(6.4)h([Bash)f(Conditional)g(Expressions],)h(page)f -(87.)57 b(W)-8 b(ord)36 b(splitting)h(and)e(\014le-)630 +(88.)57 b(W)-8 b(ord)36 b(splitting)h(and)e(\014le-)630 4769 y(name)d(expansion)g(are)h(not)g(p)s(erformed)d(on)j(the)f(w)m (ords)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)f Ft([[)g Fu(and)f Ft(]])p Fu(;)i(tilde)630 4879 y(expansion,)e(parameter)g(and)f(v)-5 @@ -9075,7 +9075,7 @@ b(Commands],)h(page)g(8\);)k(otherwise,)e(it)d(is)g(in)m(terpreted)h 2621 y(command.)275 2750 y(When)j(the)i(copro)s(cess)f(is)g(executed,) 48 b(the)43 b(shell)g(creates)i(an)e(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)44 b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)150 2860 y([Arra)m(ys],)32 -b(page)g(91\))h(named)e Ft(NAME)f Fu(in)h(the)h(con)m(text)h(of)e(the)h +b(page)g(92\))h(named)e Ft(NAME)f Fu(in)h(the)h(con)m(text)h(of)e(the)h (executing)g(shell.)44 b(The)31 b(standard)f(output)150 2970 y(of)g Fr(command)j Fu(is)d(connected)g(via)g(a)g(pip)s(e)f(to)i (a)f(\014le)g(descriptor)f(in)g(the)h(executing)h(shell,)f(and)g(that)g @@ -9240,7 +9240,7 @@ b Fr(comp)s(ound-)150 2929 y(command)39 b Fu(is)c(executed)h(whenev)m (er)f Fr(name)41 b Fu(is)35 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(as)g(the)h(name)f(of)h (a)f(command.)56 b(When)35 b(the)150 3038 y(shell)d(is)h(in)f Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de)h(\(see)h(Section)g(6.11)h([Bash)f(POSIX)e(Mo)s -(de],)j(page)f(96\),)h Fr(name)j Fu(ma)m(y)c(not)g(b)s(e)150 +(de],)j(page)f(97\),)h Fr(name)j Fu(ma)m(y)c(not)g(b)s(e)150 3148 y(the)k(same)g(as)g(one)g(of)g(the)f(sp)s(ecial)i(builtins)e (\(see)h(Section)h(4.4)g([Sp)s(ecial)f(Builtins],)i(page)e(70\).)61 b(An)m(y)150 3258 y(redirections)32 b(\(see)g(Section)h(3.6)f @@ -9388,14 +9388,14 @@ Ft(declare)p Fu(,)g Ft(typeset)p Fu(,)g Ft(export)p Fu(,)150 518 y Ft(readonly)p Fu(,)38 b(and)g Ft(local)f Fu(builtin)h(commands)g (\()p Fr(declaration)j Fu(commands\).)64 b(When)39 b(in)f Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de)150 628 y(\(see)c(Section)f(6.11)h([Bash)g(POSIX) -d(Mo)s(de],)j(page)f(96\),)i(these)e(builtins)f(ma)m(y)i(app)s(ear)e +d(Mo)s(de],)j(page)f(97\),)i(these)e(builtins)f(ma)m(y)i(app)s(ear)e (in)g(a)h(command)150 737 y(after)i(one)g(or)f(more)h(instances)g(of)f (the)h Ft(command)d Fu(builtin)i(and)g(retain)h(these)g(assignmen)m(t)g (statemen)m(t)150 847 y(prop)s(erties.)275 994 y(In)29 b(the)h(con)m(text)i(where)d(an)h(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(t)h(is)e (assigning)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(to)h(a)f(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(or)150 1104 y(arra)m(y)24 b(index)f(\(see)h(Section)g -(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)i(page)e(91\),)i(the)e(`)p Ft(+=)p +(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)i(page)e(92\),)i(the)e(`)p Ft(+=)p Fu(')f(op)s(erator)g(can)h(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(app)s(end)e(to)i(or)150 1213 y(add)k(to)i(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable's)30 b(previous)e(v)-5 b(alue.)41 b(This)28 b(includes)g(argumen)m(ts)i(to)f(builtin)g @@ -9410,7 +9410,7 @@ b(ariable's)30 b(curren)m(t)g(v)-5 b(alue,)31 b(whic)m(h)e(is)h(also)h (ev)-5 b(aluated.)42 b(When)29 b(`)p Ft(+=)p Fu(')h(is)150 1652 y(applied)25 b(to)h(an)f(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)26 b(using)f(comp)s(ound)f(assignmen)m(t)i(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)g([Arra)m -(ys],)h(page)f(91\),)150 1761 y(the)33 b(v)-5 b(ariable's)33 +(ys],)h(page)f(92\),)150 1761 y(the)33 b(v)-5 b(ariable's)33 b(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(is)g(not)g(unset)f(\(as)h(it)g(is)g(when)e(using)i (`)p Ft(=)p Fu('\),)g(and)f(new)g(v)-5 b(alues)33 b(are)g(app)s(ended)e (to)150 1871 y(the)26 b(arra)m(y)h(b)s(eginning)e(at)i(one)f(greater)h @@ -9547,7 +9547,7 @@ b(Expands)32 b(to)i(the)g(pro)s(cess)f Fm(id)h Fu(of)f(the)h(job)f 4264 y(ground,)26 b(whether)g(executed)g(as)h(an)f(async)m(hronous)f (command)h(or)g(using)g(the)g Ft(bg)f Fu(builtin)630 4374 y(\(see)31 b(Section)h(7.2)f([Job)f(Con)m(trol)h(Builtins],)g -(page)h(101\).)150 4528 y Ft(0)432 b Fu(\($0\))46 b(Expands)d(to)i(the) +(page)h(102\).)150 4528 y Ft(0)432 b Fu(\($0\))46 b(Expands)d(to)i(the) g(name)g(of)f(the)h(shell)g(or)f(shell)h(script.)83 b(This)44 b(is)g(set)h(at)h(shell)630 4638 y(initialization.)d(If)27 b(Bash)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(with)e(a)i(\014le)e(of)h(commands)g @@ -9555,7 +9555,7 @@ b(Bash)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(with)e(a)i(\014le)e(of)h(commands)g Ft($0)e Fu(is)h(set)g(to)g(the)f(name)h(of)f(that)h(\014le.)41 b(If)28 b(Bash)g(is)h(started)g(with)f(the)630 4857 y Ft(-c)i Fu(option)h(\(see)h(Section)g(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)h(Bash],)g -(page)f(82\),)i(then)d Ft($0)g Fu(is)h(set)g(to)h(the)f(\014rst)630 +(page)f(83\),)i(then)d Ft($0)g Fu(is)h(set)g(to)h(the)f(\014rst)630 4966 y(argumen)m(t)g(after)g(the)g(string)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(executed,)i (if)f(one)g(is)f(presen)m(t.)42 b(Otherwise,)31 b(it)g(is)f(set)630 5076 y(to)h(the)g(\014lename)f(used)g(to)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)h(Bash,)f @@ -9609,7 +9609,7 @@ b(The)150 3470 y(only)32 b(exceptions)i(to)f(this)f(are)h(the)f (expansions)g(of)h Ft("$@")e Fu(\(see)i(Section)g(3.4.2)h([Sp)s(ecial)f (P)m(arameters],)150 3580 y(page)e(20\))h(and)d Ft("${)p Fj(name)p Ft([@]}")e Fu(\(see)32 b(Section)f(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)h(page) -f(91\).)275 3720 y(After)41 b(all)i(expansions,)h Ft(quote)29 +f(92\).)275 3720 y(After)41 b(all)i(expansions,)h Ft(quote)29 b(removal)40 b Fu(\(see)i(Section)h(3.5.9)g([Quote)f(Remo)m(v)-5 b(al],)47 b(page)42 b(32\))h(is)150 3830 y(p)s(erformed.)150 4035 y Fk(3.5.1)63 b(Brace)40 b(Expansion)150 4182 y @@ -9670,9 +9670,10 @@ b(do)s(es)f(not)h(apply)150 1645 y(an)m(y)27 b(syn)m(tactic)i(in)m (the)h(text)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)h(braces.)150 1754 y(T)-8 b(o)37 b(a)m(v)m(oid)g(con\015icts)g(with)f(parameter)h (expansion,)g(the)g(string)f(`)p Ft(${)p Fu(')g(is)g(not)g(considered)g -(eligible)i(for)150 1864 y(brace)31 b(expansion.)275 -2004 y(A)e(correctly-formed)i(brace)f(expansion)f(m)m(ust)h(con)m(tain) -h(unquoted)e(op)s(ening)g(and)g(closing)i(braces,)150 +(eligible)i(for)150 1864 y(brace)31 b(expansion,)f(and)g(inhibits)g +(brace)g(expansion)h(un)m(til)f(the)h(closing)g(`)p Ft(})p +Fu('..)275 2004 y(A)e(correctly-formed)i(brace)f(expansion)f(m)m(ust)h +(con)m(tain)h(unquoted)e(op)s(ening)g(and)g(closing)i(braces,)150 2113 y(and)h(at)i(least)g(one)f(unquoted)g(comma)g(or)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)33 b(sequence)g(expression.)48 b(An)m(y)33 b(incorrectly)h (formed)150 2223 y(brace)d(expansion)f(is)g(left)h(unc)m(hanged.)275 @@ -9721,7 +9722,7 @@ g(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)g(the)f Ft(dirs)g Fu(builtin)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(the)g(c)m(haracters) 150 4981 y(follo)m(wing)40 b(tilde)f(in)g(the)f(tilde-pre\014x)h(as)g (an)f(argumen)m(t)h(\(see)h(Section)f(6.8)h([The)e(Directory)i(Stac)m -(k],)150 5090 y(page)c(93\).)57 b(If)35 b(the)g(tilde-pre\014x,)i(sans) +(k],)150 5090 y(page)c(94\).)57 b(If)35 b(the)g(tilde-pre\014x,)i(sans) e(the)h(tilde,)h(consists)f(of)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(without)i(a)f (leading)h(`)p Ft(+)p Fu(')g(or)150 5200 y(`)p Ft(-)p Fu(',)31 b(`)p Ft(+)p Fu(')f(is)h(assumed.)275 5340 y(If)e(the)i(login) @@ -9773,7 +9774,7 @@ b(alue)42 b(of)g Fr(parameter)48 b Fu(is)150 3404 y(substituted.)43 b(The)31 b Fr(parameter)39 b Fu(is)31 b(a)h(shell)f(parameter)h(as)g (describ)s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(\(see)f(Section)g(3.4)h([Shell)150 3514 y(P)m(arameters],)e(page)f(18\))h(or)e(an)g(arra)m(y)h(reference)f -(\(see)i(Section)f(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)g(page)g(91\).)42 +(\(see)i(Section)f(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)g(page)g(92\).)42 b(The)29 b(braces)150 3624 y(are)j(required)g(when)f Fr(parameter)39 b Fu(is)32 b(a)h(p)s(ositional)f(parameter)h(with)f (more)g(than)g(one)g(digit,)i(or)e(when)150 3733 y Fr(parameter)37 @@ -9860,7 +9861,7 @@ b(at)f(the)g(c)m(haracter)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)630 3072 y Fr(o\013set)37 b Fu(and)d(extending)g(to)h(the)f(end)g(of)g(the) g(v)-5 b(alue.)53 b Fr(length)34 b Fu(and)g Fr(o\013set)j Fu(are)e(arithmetic)630 3182 y(expressions)30 b(\(see)h(Section)g(6.5)h -([Shell)e(Arithmetic],)i(page)f(89\).)630 3317 y(If)39 +([Shell)e(Arithmetic],)i(page)f(90\).)630 3317 y(If)39 b Fr(o\013set)k Fu(ev)-5 b(aluates)41 b(to)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f (less)h(than)f(zero,)k(the)d(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(is)g(used)e(as)i(an)g (o\013set)630 3426 y(in)33 b(c)m(haracters)i(from)f(the)f(end)g(of)h @@ -10125,15 +10126,15 @@ b Fr(op)s(erator)630 4332 y Fu(is)j(a)h(single)g(letter:)630 4485 y Ft(Q)432 b Fu(The)30 b(expansion)h(is)g(a)g(string)f(that)i(is)f (the)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g Fr(parameter)37 b Fu(quoted)31 b(in)1110 4595 y(a)g(format)f(that)h(can)g(b)s(e)f(reused)f(as)i -(input.)630 4748 y Ft(E)432 b Fu(The)48 b(expansion)h(is)g(a)g(string)g -(that)h(is)f(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)49 b(of)g Fr(parameter)56 -b Fu(with)1110 4858 y(bac)m(kslash)36 b(escap)s(e)f(sequences)h -(expanded)e(as)h(with)g(the)g Ft($'...)o(')f Fu(quoting)1110 -4967 y(mec)m(hansim.)630 5121 y Ft(P)432 b Fu(The)22 -b(expansion)h(is)g(a)g(string)g(that)g(is)g(the)g(result)g(of)g -(expanding)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)24 b(of)1110 5230 y Fr(parameter)31 -b Fu(as)24 b(if)f(it)h(w)m(ere)g(a)g(prompt)f(string)h(\(see)g(Section) -h(6.9)g([Con)m(trolling)1110 5340 y(the)31 b(Prompt],)f(page)h(94\).)p +(input.)630 4748 y Ft(E)432 b Fu(The)27 b(expansion)g(is)g(a)g(string)h +(that)f(is)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(of)f Fr(parameter)34 +b Fu(with)27 b(bac)m(k-)1110 4858 y(slash)e(escap)s(e)h(sequences)f +(expanded)g(as)g(with)g(the)h Ft($'...)o(')e Fu(quoting)i(mec)m(h-)1110 +4967 y(anism.)630 5121 y Ft(P)432 b Fu(The)22 b(expansion)h(is)g(a)g +(string)g(that)g(is)g(the)g(result)g(of)g(expanding)f(the)h(v)-5 +b(alue)24 b(of)1110 5230 y Fr(parameter)31 b Fu(as)24 +b(if)f(it)h(w)m(ere)g(a)g(prompt)f(string)h(\(see)g(Section)h(6.9)g +([Con)m(trolling)1110 5340 y(the)31 b(Prompt],)f(page)h(95\).)p eop end %%Page: 29 35 TeXDict begin 29 34 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 @@ -10207,7 +10208,7 @@ y(the)j(arithmetic)g(expression)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(ev)-5 b(aluated.)42 b(Arithmetic)31 b(expansions)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(nested.) 275 5121 y(The)34 b(ev)-5 b(aluation)37 b(is)f(p)s(erformed)e (according)i(to)g(the)g(rules)f(listed)h(b)s(elo)m(w)g(\(see)g(Section) -g(6.5)h([Shell)150 5230 y(Arithmetic],)32 b(page)f(89\).)42 +g(6.5)h([Shell)150 5230 y(Arithmetic],)32 b(page)f(90\).)42 b(If)30 b(the)h(expression)f(is)g(in)m(v)-5 b(alid,)32 b(Bash)e(prin)m(ts)g(a)h(message)g(indicating)h(failure)150 5340 y(to)f(the)g(standard)e(error)h(and)g(no)g(substitution)g(o)s @@ -10313,83 +10314,86 @@ Fu(shell)i(option)h(is)f(set,)h(and)f(no)g(matc)m(hes)h(are)g(found,)e (is)h(not)f(executed.)42 b(If)30 b(the)g(shell)h(option)g Ft(nocaseglob)c Fu(is)k(enabled,)f(the)h(matc)m(h)g(is)150 737 y(p)s(erformed)e(without)h(regard)h(to)g(the)f(case)i(of)e(alphab)s -(etic)h(c)m(haracters.)275 876 y(When)23 b(a)h(pattern)f(is)h(used)f +(etic)h(c)m(haracters.)275 866 y(When)23 b(a)h(pattern)f(is)h(used)f (for)g(\014lename)h(expansion,)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')f(at)g(the)g(start)g(of)g(a)g(\014lename)150 -985 y(or)f(immediately)i(follo)m(wing)g(a)f(slash)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f +976 y(or)f(immediately)i(follo)m(wing)g(a)f(slash)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f (matc)m(hed)h(explicitly)-8 b(,)27 b(unless)c(the)g(shell)h(option)g -Ft(dotglob)150 1095 y Fu(is)33 b(set.)51 b(When)33 b(matc)m(hing)h(a)g -(\014lename,)h(the)e(slash)h(c)m(haracter)h(m)m(ust)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(b) -s(e)e(matc)m(hed)h(explicitly)-8 b(.)150 1205 y(In)30 -b(other)g(cases,)i(the)e(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(is)e(not)h -(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)275 1343 y(See)28 b(the)g(description)g -(of)g Ft(shopt)e Fu(in)i(Section)g(4.3.2)i([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)i -(page)g(64,)g(for)f(a)g(descrip-)150 1453 y(tion)j(of)f(the)h +Ft(dotglob)150 1085 y Fu(is)k(set.)41 b(The)28 b(\014lenames)g(`)p +Ft(.)p Fu(')g(and)g(`)p Ft(..)p Fu(')g(m)m(ust)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(b)s(e)e +(matc)m(hed)h(explicitly)-8 b(,)30 b(ev)m(en)f(if)g Ft(dotglob)d +Fu(is)i(set.)150 1195 y(When)e(matc)m(hing)i(a)f(\014lename,)h(the)e +(slash)h(c)m(haracter)h(m)m(ust)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)h +(explicitly)-8 b(.)42 b(In)26 b(other)150 1305 y(cases,)32 +b(the)e(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(is)e(not)h(treated)g(sp)s +(ecially)-8 b(.)275 1433 y(See)28 b(the)g(description)g(of)g +Ft(shopt)e Fu(in)i(Section)g(4.3.2)i([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)i(page)g +(64,)g(for)f(a)g(descrip-)150 1543 y(tion)j(of)f(the)h Ft(nocaseglob)p Fu(,)d Ft(nullglob)p Fu(,)g Ft(failglob)p -Fu(,)h(and)g Ft(dotglob)g Fu(options.)275 1592 y(The)j -Ft(GLOBIGNORE)f Fu(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)f -(to)i(restrict)g(the)g(set)f(of)h(\014lenames)f(matc)m(hing)i(a)150 -1701 y(pattern.)k(If)25 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)e Fu(is)j(set,)h(eac)m(h)g -(matc)m(hing)g(\014lename)f(that)g(also)h(matc)m(hes)f(one)g(of)g(the)g -(patterns)150 1811 y(in)36 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(is)j(remo)m(v)m(ed)h -(from)e(the)i(list)f(of)g(matc)m(hes.)59 b(If)36 b(the)g -Ft(nocaseglob)d Fu(option)k(is)f(set,)i(the)150 1920 -y(matc)m(hing)i(against)g(the)f(patterns)f(in)h Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d -Fu(is)j(p)s(erformed)e(without)h(regard)h(to)h(case.)66 -b(The)150 2030 y(\014lenames)41 b Ft(.)f Fu(and)g Ft(..)h -Fu(are)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(ignored)f(when)f Ft(GLOBIGNORE)e -Fu(is)i(set)i(and)e(not)h(n)m(ull.)72 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)150 -2139 y(setting)30 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(to)j(a)f(non-n)m(ull)g(v)-5 +Fu(,)h(and)g Ft(dotglob)g Fu(options.)275 1672 y(The)36 +b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(shell)k(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used) +g(to)h(restrict)g(the)g(set)g(of)g(\014le)f(names)h(matc)m(hing)150 +1782 y(a)42 b(pattern.)74 b(If)41 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)e Fu(is)i(set,)k(eac) +m(h)e(matc)m(hing)f(\014le)g(name)f(that)h(also)h(matc)m(hes)f(one)g +(of)g(the)150 1891 y(patterns)34 b(in)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d +Fu(is)k(remo)m(v)m(ed)g(from)f(the)g(list)h(of)f(matc)m(hes.)54 +b(If)33 b(the)i Ft(nocaseglob)c Fu(option)k(is)150 2001 +y(set,)c(the)e(matc)m(hing)i(against)g(the)f(patterns)f(in)h +Ft(GLOBIGNORE)c Fu(is)k(p)s(erformed)e(without)i(regard)f(to)i(case.) +150 2110 y(The)d(\014lenames)h Ft(.)g Fu(and)f Ft(..)h +Fu(are)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(ignored)f(when)f Ft(GLOBIGNORE)f +Fu(is)i(set)g(and)f(not)h(n)m(ull.)41 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)150 +2220 y(setting)30 b Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d Fu(to)j(a)f(non-n)m(ull)g(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(has)f(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)f(enabling)f(the)h -Ft(dotglob)d Fu(shell)i(option,)150 2249 y(so)j(all)h(other)f +Ft(dotglob)d Fu(shell)i(option,)150 2330 y(so)j(all)h(other)f (\014lenames)g(b)s(eginning)f(with)h(a)g(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')g(will)h(matc) m(h.)46 b(T)-8 b(o)32 b(get)h(the)f(old)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)h -(ignoring)150 2359 y(\014lenames)c(b)s(eginning)f(with)h(a)h(`)p +(ignoring)150 2439 y(\014lenames)c(b)s(eginning)f(with)h(a)h(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(',)f(mak)m(e)h(`)p Ft(.*)p Fu(')f(one)h(of)f(the)g(patterns)g (in)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)p Fu(.)37 b(The)29 b Ft(dotglob)150 -2468 y Fu(option)i(is)f(disabled)g(when)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d -Fu(is)k(unset.)150 2672 y Fk(3.5.8.1)63 b(P)m(attern)40 -b(Matc)m(hing)150 2819 y Fu(An)m(y)24 b(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(app)s +2549 y Fu(option)i(is)f(disabled)g(when)g Ft(GLOBIGNORE)d +Fu(is)k(unset.)150 2737 y Fk(3.5.8.1)63 b(P)m(attern)40 +b(Matc)m(hing)150 2884 y Fu(An)m(y)24 b(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(app)s (ears)f(in)g(a)h(pattern,)i(other)e(than)f(the)h(sp)s(ecial)g(pattern)g -(c)m(haracters)h(describ)s(ed)150 2928 y(b)s(elo)m(w,)31 +(c)m(haracters)h(describ)s(ed)150 2993 y(b)s(elo)m(w,)31 b(matc)m(hes)g(itself.)42 b(The)29 b Fm(nul)h Fu(c)m(haracter)i(ma)m(y) e(not)h(o)s(ccur)f(in)g(a)h(pattern.)40 b(A)31 b(bac)m(kslash)g(escap)s -(es)150 3038 y(the)38 b(follo)m(wing)g(c)m(haracter;)43 +(es)150 3103 y(the)38 b(follo)m(wing)g(c)m(haracter;)43 b(the)37 b(escaping)i(bac)m(kslash)e(is)h(discarded)f(when)f(matc)m -(hing.)63 b(The)36 b(sp)s(ecial)150 3147 y(pattern)30 +(hing.)63 b(The)36 b(sp)s(ecial)150 3213 y(pattern)30 b(c)m(haracters)i(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)e(quoted)i(if)f(they)h(are)f(to)i(b)s -(e)d(matc)m(hed)i(literally)-8 b(.)275 3286 y(The)29 +(e)d(matc)m(hed)i(literally)-8 b(.)275 3342 y(The)29 b(sp)s(ecial)i(pattern)g(c)m(haracters)h(ha)m(v)m(e)f(the)g(follo)m -(wing)h(meanings:)150 3452 y Ft(*)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)31 +(wing)h(meanings:)150 3490 y Ft(*)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)31 b(an)m(y)e(string,)h(including)f(the)g(n)m(ull)g(string.)41 b(When)29 b(the)g Ft(globstar)e Fu(shell)i(option)630 -3561 y(is)37 b(enabled,)h(and)e(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(')h(is)g(used)f(in)g(a)h +3599 y(is)37 b(enabled,)h(and)e(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(')h(is)g(used)f(in)g(a)h (\014lename)g(expansion)g(con)m(text,)j(t)m(w)m(o)e(adjacen)m(t)g(`)p -Ft(*)p Fu('s)630 3671 y(used)f(as)g(a)h(single)g(pattern)g(will)f(matc) +Ft(*)p Fu('s)630 3709 y(used)f(as)g(a)h(single)g(pattern)g(will)f(matc) m(h)i(all)f(\014les)f(and)g(zero)h(or)g(more)f(directories)i(and)630 -3780 y(sub)s(directories.)g(If)25 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(a)g(`)p +3819 y(sub)s(directories.)g(If)25 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(a)g(`)p Ft(/)p Fu(',)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(adjacen)m(t)h(`)p Ft(*)p Fu('s)e(will)g -(matc)m(h)h(only)f(directories)630 3890 y(and)k(sub)s(directories.)150 -4054 y Ft(?)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)32 b(an)m(y)f(single)g(c)m(haracter.) -150 4217 y Ft([...)o(])241 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)27 b(an)m(y)e(one)g(of)g +(matc)m(h)h(only)f(directories)630 3928 y(and)k(sub)s(directories.)150 +4076 y Ft(?)432 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)32 b(an)m(y)f(single)g(c)m(haracter.) +150 4225 y Ft([...)o(])241 b Fu(Matc)m(hes)27 b(an)m(y)e(one)g(of)g (the)g(enclosed)g(c)m(haracters.)41 b(A)25 b(pair)f(of)h(c)m(haracters) -i(separated)e(b)m(y)g(a)630 4327 y(h)m(yphen)k(denotes)i(a)g +i(separated)e(b)m(y)g(a)630 4334 y(h)m(yphen)k(denotes)i(a)g Fr(range)g(expression)p Fu(;)f(an)m(y)h(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(falls)g -(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(those)g(t)m(w)m(o)630 4436 y(c)m(haracters,)d +(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(those)g(t)m(w)m(o)630 4444 y(c)m(haracters,)d (inclusiv)m(e,)f(using)d(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s(cale's)j(collating)g -(sequence)e(and)f(c)m(haracter)630 4546 y(set,)31 b(is)f(matc)m(hed.)42 +(sequence)e(and)f(c)m(haracter)630 4554 y(set,)31 b(is)f(matc)m(hed.)42 b(If)30 b(the)g(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i(follo)m(wing)g(the)e(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')h(is)f(a)h(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')f(or)g(a)h(`)p -Ft(^)p Fu(')g(then)f(an)m(y)630 4655 y(c)m(haracter)c(not)f(enclosed)g +Ft(^)p Fu(')g(then)f(an)m(y)630 4663 y(c)m(haracter)c(not)f(enclosed)g (is)g(matc)m(hed.)40 b(A)25 b(`)p Fq(\000)p Fu(')f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e -(matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(including)h(it)g(as)g(the)630 4765 +(matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(including)h(it)g(as)g(the)630 4773 y(\014rst)32 b(or)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)h(in)e(the)g(set.)50 b(A)33 b(`)p Ft(])p Fu(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)i(b)m(y)f -(including)g(it)g(as)h(the)630 4875 y(\014rst)25 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)e +(including)g(it)g(as)h(the)630 4882 y(\014rst)25 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)e (the)h(set.)40 b(The)25 b(sorting)h(order)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)h(in)f -(range)g(expressions)f(is)630 4984 y(determined)h(b)m(y)h(the)g(curren) +(range)g(expressions)f(is)630 4992 y(determined)h(b)m(y)h(the)g(curren) m(t)f(lo)s(cale)j(and)d(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(of)g(the)g -Ft(LC_COLLATE)d Fu(and)i Ft(LC_ALL)630 5094 y Fu(shell)31 +Ft(LC_COLLATE)d Fu(and)i Ft(LC_ALL)630 5101 y Fu(shell)31 b(v)-5 b(ariables,)31 b(if)f(set.)630 5230 y(F)-8 b(or)34 b(example,)g(in)f(the)g(default)g(C)f(lo)s(cale,)k(`)p Ft([a-dx-z])p Fu(')31 b(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)34 b(to)g(`)p @@ -10409,578 +10413,585 @@ Fu(',)c(for)j(example.)49 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(obtain)h(the)f(traditional)h Fu(or)i Ft(LC_ALL)f Fu(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(to)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(`)p Ft(C)p Fu(',)g(or)f(enable)h(the)630 737 y Ft(globasciiranges)c Fu(shell)31 b(option.)630 -873 y(Within)23 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')h(and)e(`)p Ft(])p +871 y(Within)23 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')h(and)e(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j Fr(c)m(haracter)g(classes)j Fu(can)c(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h (using)f(the)i(syn)m(tax)f Ft([:)p Fr(class)t Ft(:])p -Fu(,)630 983 y(where)30 b Fr(class)35 b Fu(is)30 b(one)h(of)f(the)h +Fu(,)630 981 y(where)30 b Fr(class)35 b Fu(is)30 b(one)h(of)f(the)h (follo)m(wing)h(classes)f(de\014ned)e(in)h(the)h Fm(posix)f -Fu(standard:)870 1119 y Ft(alnum)142 b(alpha)g(ascii)f(blank)h(cntrl)g -(digit)g(graph)g(lower)870 1228 y(print)g(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word) -190 b(xdigit)630 1364 y Fu(A)42 b(c)m(haracter)h(class)f(matc)m(hes)h +Fu(standard:)870 1115 y Ft(alnum)142 b(alpha)g(ascii)f(blank)h(cntrl)g +(digit)g(graph)g(lower)870 1224 y(print)g(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word) +190 b(xdigit)630 1358 y Fu(A)42 b(c)m(haracter)h(class)f(matc)m(hes)h (an)m(y)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s(elonging)f(to)g(that)g(class.)75 -b(The)41 b Ft(word)630 1474 y Fu(c)m(haracter)32 b(class)f(matc)m(hes)h +b(The)41 b Ft(word)630 1468 y Fu(c)m(haracter)32 b(class)f(matc)m(hes)h (letters,)f(digits,)h(and)d(the)i(c)m(haracter)h(`)p -Ft(_)p Fu('.)630 1610 y(Within)25 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p +Ft(_)p Fu('.)630 1602 y(Within)25 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)i(an)e Fr(equiv)-5 b(alence)26 b(class)j Fu(can)24 b(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(using)g(the)g(syn)m(tax)h -Ft([=)p Fr(c)6 b Ft(=])p Fu(,)630 1720 y(whic)m(h)29 +Ft([=)p Fr(c)6 b Ft(=])p Fu(,)630 1711 y(whic)m(h)29 b(matc)m(hes)i(all)f(c)m(haracters)h(with)e(the)h(same)g(collation)h(w) -m(eigh)m(t)g(\(as)f(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)630 1829 +m(eigh)m(t)g(\(as)f(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)630 1821 y(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale\))j(as)d(the)h(c)m(haracter)h -Fr(c)p Fu(.)630 1965 y(Within)22 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p +Fr(c)p Fu(.)630 1955 y(Within)22 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j(the)d(syn)m(tax)h Ft([.)p Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)t Ft(.])e Fu(matc)m(hes)i(the)g(collating)i(sym)m(b)s(ol)d -Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)p Fu(.)275 2129 y(If)29 b(the)g Ft(extglob)f +Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)p Fu(.)275 2113 y(If)29 b(the)g Ft(extglob)f Fu(shell)h(option)h(is)g(enabled)f(using)g(the)h Ft(shopt)e -Fu(builtin,)h(sev)m(eral)i(extended)f(pattern)150 2239 +Fu(builtin,)h(sev)m(eral)i(extended)f(pattern)150 2222 y(matc)m(hing)37 b(op)s(erators)e(are)h(recognized.)58 b(In)35 b(the)g(follo)m(wing)i(description,)g(a)f Fr(pattern-list)j -Fu(is)d(a)g(list)g(of)150 2348 y(one)d(or)f(more)h(patterns)f +Fu(is)d(a)g(list)g(of)150 2332 y(one)d(or)f(more)h(patterns)f (separated)h(b)m(y)f(a)h(`)p Ft(|)p Fu('.)47 b(Comp)s(osite)33 b(patterns)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)d(formed)h(using)g(one)h(or)150 -2458 y(more)e(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)g(sub-patterns:)150 -2622 y Ft(?\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2731 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h +2442 y(more)e(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)g(sub-patterns:)150 +2600 y Ft(?\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2709 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h (zero)f(or)g(one)f(o)s(ccurrence)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)150 -2894 y Ft(*\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3003 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h +2867 y Ft(*\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2977 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h (zero)f(or)g(more)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.) -150 3166 y Ft(+\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3275 +150 3135 y Ft(+\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3245 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(one)f(or)f(more)h(o)s(ccurrences)f(of)h(the)f(giv)m -(en)i(patterns.)150 3437 y Ft(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)p -Ft(\))630 3547 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.) -150 3709 y Ft(!\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3819 +(en)i(patterns.)150 3403 y Ft(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)p +Ft(\))630 3513 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.) +150 3671 y Ft(!\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3780 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(an)m(ything)f(except)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g -(patterns.)150 4021 y Fk(3.5.9)63 b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7 -b(al)150 4168 y Fu(After)32 b(the)g(preceding)g(expansions,)h(all)f -(unquoted)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p -Ft(\\)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(')p Fu(',)f(and)g(`)p Ft(")p Fu(')150 -4278 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m -(e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 4523 y Fs(3.6)68 -b(Redirections)150 4682 y Fu(Before)32 b(a)f(command)f(is)h(executed,)h +(patterns.)275 3939 y(Complicated)41 b(extended)f(pattern)g(matc)m +(hing)h(against)h(long)f(strings)f(is)g(slo)m(w,)k(esp)s(ecially)d +(when)150 4048 y(the)29 b(patterns)g(con)m(tain)i(alternations)f(and)f +(the)g(strings)g(con)m(tain)h(m)m(ultiple)g(matc)m(hes.)42 +b(Using)29 b(separate)150 4158 y(matc)m(hes)38 b(against)g(shorter)e +(strings,)i(or)f(using)f(arra)m(ys)h(of)g(strings)f(instead)h(of)g(a)g +(single)g(long)h(string,)150 4267 y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(e)f(faster.)150 +4465 y Fk(3.5.9)63 b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7 b(al)150 +4612 y Fu(After)32 b(the)g(preceding)g(expansions,)h(all)f(unquoted)f +(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p Ft(\\)p +Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(')p Fu(',)f(and)g(`)p Ft(")p Fu(')150 +4722 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m +(e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 4961 y Fs(3.6)68 +b(Redirections)150 5121 y Fu(Before)32 b(a)f(command)f(is)h(executed,)h (its)f(input)e(and)h(output)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f Fr(redirected)k -Fu(using)c(a)i(sp)s(ecial)f(no-)150 4792 y(tation)d(in)m(terpreted)f(b) +Fu(using)c(a)i(sp)s(ecial)f(no-)150 5230 y(tation)d(in)m(terpreted)f(b) m(y)f(the)h(shell.)40 b(Redirection)27 b(allo)m(ws)h(commands')f -(\014le)f(handles)g(to)i(b)s(e)e(duplicated,)150 4902 +(\014le)f(handles)g(to)i(b)s(e)e(duplicated,)150 5340 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b(uses)f(a)h(hash)e(table)j(to) -f(remem)m(b)s(er)f(the)h(full)f(pathnames)g(of)h(executable)h(\014les)e -(to)330 2519 y(a)m(v)m(oid)e(m)m(ultiple)f Ft(PATH)f -Fu(searc)m(hes)i(\(see)f(the)g(description)g(of)f Ft(hash)g -Fu(in)g(Section)i(4.1)f([Bourne)g(Shell)330 2629 y(Builtins],)37 -b(page)f(42\).)55 b(A)35 b(full)g(searc)m(h)g(of)g(the)g(directories)h -(in)f Ft($PATH)e Fu(is)i(p)s(erformed)f(only)h(if)g(the)330 -2738 y(command)24 b(is)h(not)g(found)e(in)i(the)g(hash)f(table.)39 -b(If)25 b(the)f(searc)m(h)i(is)e(unsuccessful,)h(the)g(shell)g(searc)m -(hes)330 2848 y(for)e(a)h(de\014ned)e(shell)h(function)h(named)e -Ft(command_not_found_handle)p Fu(.)32 b(If)23 b(that)h(function)f -(exists,)330 2958 y(it)32 b(is)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(the)h -(original)g(command)f(and)g(the)h(original)g(command's)f(argumen)m(ts)h -(as)g(its)330 3067 y(argumen)m(ts,)h(and)e(the)i(function's)e(exit)i -(status)g(b)s(ecomes)f(the)g(exit)h(status)f(of)h(the)f(shell.)46 -b(If)31 b(that)330 3177 y(function)g(is)g(not)g(de\014ned,)f(the)i -(shell)f(prin)m(ts)f(an)h(error)g(message)h(and)f(returns)e(an)i(exit)h -(status)g(of)330 3286 y(127.)199 3423 y(4.)61 b(If)33 -b(the)g(searc)m(h)h(is)g(successful,)g(or)f(if)g(the)h(command)f(name)g -(con)m(tains)i(one)f(or)f(more)g(slashes,)i(the)330 3533 -y(shell)g(executes)h(the)f(named)f(program)g(in)h(a)g(separate)h -(execution)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)55 b(Argumen)m(t)35 b(0)330 -3643 y(is)30 b(set)h(to)h(the)e(name)h(giv)m(en,)g(and)f(the)h +b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(37)150 299 +y(a)39 b(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5 b(ariable,)42 +b(an)c(error)g(o)s(ccurs,)j(and)c(the)i(command)f(exits)h(with)g(a)f +(non-zero)150 408 y(status.)275 538 y(If)33 b(no)g(command)g(name)h +(results,)g(redirections)g(are)g(p)s(erformed,)f(but)g(do)h(not)f +(a\013ect)i(the)f(curren)m(t)150 648 y(shell)d(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)41 +b(A)30 b(redirection)h(error)f(causes)h(the)g(command)f(to)h(exit)g +(with)f(a)h(non-zero)g(status.)275 778 y(If)26 b(there)i(is)f(a)h +(command)f(name)h(left)g(after)g(expansion,)g(execution)h(pro)s(ceeds)e +(as)g(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w.)150 887 y(Otherwise,)39 +b(the)e(command)g(exits.)62 b(If)37 b(one)g(of)g(the)h(expansions)f +(con)m(tained)h(a)g(command)f(substitu-)150 997 y(tion,)i(the)d(exit)h +(status)g(of)f(the)h(command)f(is)h(the)f(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)h +(last)g(command)f(substitution)150 1107 y(p)s(erformed.)55 +b(If)35 b(there)g(w)m(ere)h(no)g(command)f(substitutions,)i(the)e +(command)h(exits)g(with)f(a)h(status)g(of)150 1216 y(zero.)150 +1406 y Fk(3.7.2)63 b(Command)41 b(Searc)m(h)f(and)h(Execution)150 +1553 y Fu(After)i(a)h(command)f(has)g(b)s(een)f(split)h(in)m(to)h(w)m +(ords,)j(if)c(it)g(results)g(in)g(a)h(simple)f(command)g(and)f(an)150 +1663 y(optional)32 b(list)f(of)f(argumen)m(ts,)h(the)g(follo)m(wing)g +(actions)h(are)f(tak)m(en.)199 1793 y(1.)61 b(If)24 b(the)g(command)g +(name)g(con)m(tains)i(no)e(slashes,)i(the)e(shell)h(attempts)g(to)g(lo) 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y(page)g(18.)41 b(These)29 b(assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(ts)g (a\013ect)f(only)g(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(seen)g(b)m(y)f(that)h -(command.)275 1354 y(If)g(the)h Ft(-k)g Fu(option)g(is)g(set)h(\(see)g +(command.)275 1442 y(If)g(the)h Ft(-k)g Fu(option)g(is)g(set)h(\(see)g (Section)g(4.3.1)g([The)f(Set)g(Builtin],)h(page)g(60\),)h(then)e(all)g -(parameter)150 1464 y(assignmen)m(ts)f(are)g(placed)h(in)e(the)h(en)m +(parameter)150 1552 y(assignmen)m(ts)f(are)g(placed)h(in)e(the)h(en)m (vironmen)m(t)g(for)g(a)g(command,)f(not)h(just)f(those)i(that)f -(precede)g(the)150 1573 y(command)g(name.)275 1717 y(When)h(Bash)h(in)m +(precede)g(the)150 1661 y(command)g(name.)275 1795 y(When)h(Bash)h(in)m (v)m(ok)m(es)i(an)e(external)h(command,)f(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(`)p Ft($_)p Fu(')f(is)g(set)h(to)f(the)g(full)g -(pathname)150 1827 y(of)f(the)f(command)g(and)g(passed)g(to)h(that)g -(command)f(in)g(its)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)150 2035 y Fk(3.7.5)63 -b(Exit)40 b(Status)150 2182 y Fu(The)26 b(exit)h(status)f(of)g(an)g +(pathname)150 1904 y(of)f(the)f(command)g(and)g(passed)g(to)h(that)g +(command)f(in)g(its)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)150 2101 y Fk(3.7.5)63 +b(Exit)40 b(Status)150 2248 y Fu(The)26 b(exit)h(status)f(of)g(an)g (executed)h(command)f(is)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(returned)f(b)m(y)h -(the)g Fr(w)m(aitpid)k Fu(system)d(call)g(or)150 2292 +(the)g Fr(w)m(aitpid)k Fu(system)d(call)g(or)150 2357 y(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)33 b(function.)45 b(Exit)32 b(statuses)g(fall)g (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(0)f(and)f(255,)i(though,)f(as)g(explained)g(b)s -(elo)m(w,)h(the)150 2401 y(shell)i(ma)m(y)g(use)f(v)-5 +(elo)m(w,)h(the)150 2467 y(shell)i(ma)m(y)g(use)f(v)-5 b(alues)35 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(125)h(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)54 b(Exit)35 b(statuses)g(from)f(shell)h(builtins)f(and)f(comp)s(ound)150 -2511 y(commands)j(are)g(also)h(limited)g(to)g(this)f(range.)58 +2577 y(commands)j(are)g(also)h(limited)g(to)g(this)f(range.)58 b(Under)36 b(certain)h(circumstances,)h(the)e(shell)h(will)f(use)150 -2621 y(sp)s(ecial)31 b(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(to)g(indicate)g(sp)s(eci\014c) -f(failure)h(mo)s(des.)275 2765 y(F)-8 b(or)32 b(the)g(shell's)g(purp)s +2686 y(sp)s(ecial)31 b(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(to)g(indicate)g(sp)s(eci\014c) +f(failure)h(mo)s(des.)275 2819 y(F)-8 b(or)32 b(the)g(shell's)g(purp)s (oses,)e(a)j(command)e(whic)m(h)h(exits)g(with)g(a)g(zero)g(exit)h -(status)f(has)f(succeeded.)150 2874 y(A)e(non-zero)h(exit)g(status)g +(status)f(has)f(succeeded.)150 2929 y(A)e(non-zero)h(exit)g(status)g (indicates)g(failure.)40 b(This)28 b(seemingly)i(coun)m(ter-in)m -(tuitiv)m(e)i(sc)m(heme)e(is)f(used)g(so)150 2984 y(there)34 +(tuitiv)m(e)i(sc)m(heme)e(is)f(used)g(so)150 3039 y(there)34 b(is)g(one)g(w)m(ell-de\014ned)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)h(indicate)g(success)f (and)f(a)h(v)-5 b(ariet)m(y)35 b(of)f(w)m(a)m(ys)h(to)f(indicate)h(v)-5 -b(arious)150 3093 y(failure)38 b(mo)s(des.)62 b(When)37 +b(arious)150 3148 y(failure)38 b(mo)s(des.)62 b(When)37 b(a)h(command)f(terminates)i(on)e(a)h(fatal)h(signal)g(whose)e(n)m(um)m -(b)s(er)f(is)i Fr(N)p Fu(,)i(Bash)150 3203 y(uses)30 +(b)s(er)f(is)i Fr(N)p Fu(,)i(Bash)150 3258 y(uses)30 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(128)p Ft(+)p Fr(N)42 b Fu(as)30 -b(the)h(exit)g(status.)275 3347 y(If)k(a)h(command)g(is)g(not)g(found,) +b(the)h(exit)g(status.)275 3391 y(If)k(a)h(command)g(is)g(not)g(found,) g(the)g(c)m(hild)h(pro)s(cess)e(created)i(to)g(execute)g(it)g(returns)d -(a)j(status)f(of)150 3457 y(127.)42 b(If)30 b(a)h(command)f(is)g(found) +(a)j(status)f(of)150 3501 y(127.)42 b(If)30 b(a)h(command)f(is)g(found) f(but)h(is)g(not)h(executable,)h(the)f(return)e(status)i(is)f(126.)275 -3600 y(If)i(a)i(command)f(fails)g(b)s(ecause)g(of)h(an)f(error)f +3634 y(If)i(a)i(command)f(fails)g(b)s(ecause)g(of)h(an)f(error)f (during)g(expansion)h(or)g(redirection,)i(the)f(exit)g(status)150 -3710 y(is)c(greater)i(than)e(zero.)275 3854 y(The)38 +3743 y(is)c(greater)i(than)e(zero.)275 3877 y(The)38 b(exit)h(status)g(is)g(used)f(b)m(y)g(the)h(Bash)g(conditional)h -(commands)e(\(see)h(Section)h(3.2.4.2)h([Con-)150 3964 +(commands)e(\(see)h(Section)h(3.2.4.2)h([Con-)150 3986 y(ditional)i(Constructs],)h(page)f(10\))g(and)e(some)i(of)f(the)g(list) g(constructs)g(\(see)h(Section)f(3.2.3)i([Lists],)150 -4073 y(page)31 b(9\).)275 4217 y(All)40 b(of)g(the)h(Bash)f(builtins)f +4096 y(page)31 b(9\).)275 4229 y(All)40 b(of)g(the)h(Bash)f(builtins)f (return)g(an)h(exit)h(status)g(of)f(zero)h(if)f(they)g(succeed)g(and)g -(a)g(non-zero)150 4327 y(status)34 b(on)f(failure,)i(so)f(they)g(ma)m +(a)g(non-zero)150 4339 y(status)34 b(on)f(failure,)i(so)f(they)g(ma)m (y)g(b)s(e)f(used)g(b)m(y)g(the)h(conditional)h(and)e(list)h -(constructs.)50 b(All)35 b(builtins)150 4436 y(return)e(an)i(exit)g +(constructs.)50 b(All)35 b(builtins)150 4448 y(return)e(an)i(exit)g (status)g(of)f(2)h(to)g(indicate)h(incorrect)f(usage,)h(generally)g(in) -m(v)-5 b(alid)35 b(options)g(or)f(missing)150 4546 y(argumen)m(ts.)150 +m(v)-5 b(alid)35 b(options)g(or)f(missing)150 4558 y(argumen)m(ts.)150 4755 y Fk(3.7.6)63 b(Signals)150 4902 y Fu(When)36 b(Bash)g(is)h(in)m (teractiv)m(e,)j(in)c(the)h(absence)f(of)h(an)m(y)f(traps,)i(it)e (ignores)h Ft(SIGTERM)d Fu(\(so)j(that)g(`)p Ft(kill)150 @@ -10991,7 +11002,7 @@ h(that)h(the)f Ft(wait)150 5121 y Fu(builtin)24 b(is)h(in)m Ft(SIGINT)p Fu(,)h(it)g(breaks)f(out)h(of)f(an)m(y)h(executing)h(lo)s (ops.)150 5230 y(In)31 b(all)h(cases,)h(Bash)f(ignores)g Ft(SIGQUIT)p Fu(.)42 b(If)32 b(job)f(con)m(trol)i(is)e(in)h(e\013ect)h -(\(see)f(Chapter)f(7)h([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)150 5340 y(page)f(100\),)h +(\(see)f(Chapter)f(7)h([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)150 5340 y(page)f(101\),)h (Bash)f(ignores)g Ft(SIGTTIN)p Fu(,)d Ft(SIGTTOU)p Fu(,)h(and)h Ft(SIGTSTP)p Fu(.)p eop end %%Page: 40 46 @@ -11017,7 +11028,7 @@ g(from)g(sending)f(the)h Ft(SIGHUP)e Fu(signal)150 1211 y(to)i(a)g(particular)g(job,)g(it)g(should)f(b)s(e)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h (from)g(the)f(jobs)g(table)i(with)e(the)h Ft(disown)e Fu(builtin)h(\(see)150 1320 y(Section)c(7.2)g([Job)e(Con)m(trol)i -(Builtins],)g(page)g(101\))h(or)e(mark)m(ed)g(to)g(not)g(receiv)m(e)i +(Builtins],)g(page)g(102\))h(or)e(mark)m(ed)g(to)g(not)g(receiv)m(e)i Ft(SIGHUP)c Fu(using)i Ft(disown)150 1430 y(-h)p Fu(.)275 1575 y(If)38 b(the)h Ft(huponexit)e Fu(shell)i(option)g(has)g(b)s(een)f (set)i(with)f Ft(shopt)e Fu(\(see)j(Section)g(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)150 @@ -11039,7 +11050,7 @@ f(con)m(taining)h(shell)f(commands.)40 b(When)29 b(suc)m(h)g(a)h (\014le)g(is)f(used)g(as)h(the)g(\014rst)150 2792 y(non-option)c (argumen)m(t)h(when)e(in)m(v)m(oking)i(Bash,)g(and)f(neither)g(the)g Ft(-c)g Fu(nor)f Ft(-s)h Fu(option)g(is)g(supplied)f(\(see)150 -2902 y(Section)39 b(6.1)g([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)h(page)f(82\),)i +2902 y(Section)39 b(6.1)g([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)h(page)f(83\),)i (Bash)d(reads)g(and)f(executes)i(commands)f(from)f(the)i(\014le,)150 3012 y(then)32 b(exits.)46 b(This)32 b(mo)s(de)f(of)i(op)s(eration)f (creates)i(a)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell.)46 b(The)31 @@ -11119,12 +11130,12 @@ b(Builtin)150 828 y(commands)f(are)h(necessary)g(to)g(implemen)m(t)g (other)g(c)m(hapters:)69 b(builtin)43 b(commands)h(whic)m(h)150 1412 y(pro)m(vide)23 b(the)h(Bash)f(in)m(terface)i(to)f(the)g(job)f (con)m(trol)i(facilities)g(\(see)f(Section)h(7.2)f([Job)f(Con)m(trol)h -(Builtins],)150 1521 y(page)37 b(101\),)i(the)d(directory)g(stac)m(k)h +(Builtins],)150 1521 y(page)37 b(102\),)i(the)d(directory)g(stac)m(k)h (\(see)g(Section)g(6.8.1)g([Directory)h(Stac)m(k)f(Builtins],)h(page)e -(93\),)j(the)150 1631 y(command)23 b(history)h(\(see)g(Section)g(9.2)h -([Bash)f(History)g(Builtins],)h(page)g(137\),)h(and)d(the)h +(94\),)j(the)150 1631 y(command)23 b(history)h(\(see)g(Section)g(9.2)h +([Bash)f(History)g(Builtins],)h(page)g(138\),)h(and)d(the)h (programmable)150 1740 y(completion)32 b(facilities)g(\(see)g(Section)f -(8.7)g([Programmable)g(Completion)g(Builtins],)g(page)h(131\).)275 +(8.7)g([Programmable)g(Completion)g(Builtins],)g(page)h(132\).)275 1868 y(Man)m(y)f(of)f(the)h(builtins)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)e(extended) g(b)m(y)g Fm(posix)g Fu(or)g(Bash.)275 1996 y(Unless)20 b(otherwise)h(noted,)h(eac)m(h)g(builtin)e(command)g(do)s(cumen)m(ted)g @@ -11499,7 +11510,7 @@ Fr(expr)48 b Fu(and)41 b(return)g(a)h(status)g(of)g(0)g(\(true\))h(or)f g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(a)i(separate)g(argumen)m(t.)41 b(Expressions)630 4977 y(are)26 b(comp)s(osed)f(of)g(the)h(primaries)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s (elo)m(w)h(in)g(Section)h(6.4)h([Bash)e(Conditional)630 -5087 y(Expressions],)39 b(page)g(87.)64 b Ft(test)37 +5087 y(Expressions],)39 b(page)g(88.)64 b Ft(test)37 b Fu(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept)i(an)m(y)e(options,)i(nor)e(do)s(es)f(it)h (accept)630 5197 y(and)30 b(ignore)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(of)f Ft(--)g Fu(as)h(signifying)f(the)h(end)f(of)g(options.)630 @@ -11537,7 +11548,7 @@ b(conditional)f(expressions)f(using)g(a)g(set)h(of)f(rules)630 b(If)33 b(the)h(\014rst)e(argumen)m(t)i(is)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(unary) 1110 2700 y(conditional)42 b(op)s(erators)f(\(see)g(Section)h(6.4)f ([Bash)g(Conditional)g(Expres-)1110 2809 y(sions],)34 -b(page)f(87\),)i(the)e(expression)f(is)h(true)g(if)g(the)g(unary)e +b(page)f(88\),)i(the)e(expression)f(is)h(true)g(if)g(the)g(unary)e (test)j(is)f(true.)47 b(If)1110 2919 y(the)33 b(\014rst)g(argumen)m(t)h (is)f(not)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)34 b(unary)e(op)s(erator,)i(the)g (expression)f(is)1110 3029 y(false.)630 3178 y(3)e(argumen)m(ts)1110 @@ -11545,7 +11556,7 @@ b(page)f(87\),)i(the)e(expression)f(is)h(true)g(if)g(the)g(unary)e (order)g(listed.)84 b(If)44 b(the)1110 3397 y(second)f(argumen)m(t)g (is)g(one)g(of)g(the)g(binary)f(conditional)i(op)s(erators)f(\(see)1110 3507 y(Section)h(6.4)g([Bash)g(Conditional)g(Expressions],)i(page)e -(87\),)k(the)43 b(result)1110 3616 y(of)h(the)h(expression)f(is)g(the)g +(88\),)k(the)43 b(result)1110 3616 y(of)h(the)h(expression)f(is)g(the)g (result)g(of)h(the)f(binary)g(test)h(using)e(the)i(\014rst)1110 3726 y(and)31 b(third)g(argumen)m(ts)i(as)f(op)s(erands.)44 b(The)31 b(`)p Ft(-a)p Fu(')h(and)g(`)p Ft(-o)p Fu(')f(op)s(erators)i @@ -11717,7 +11728,7 @@ b Fr(v)-5 b(alue)33 b Fu(is)27 b(giv)m(en.)41 b(If)26 b(no)h Fr(v)-5 b(alue)630 3724 y Fu(is)37 b(giv)m(en,)j(the)d(name)g (and)g(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)h(the)f(alias)h(is)f(prin)m(ted.)61 b(Aliases)38 b(are)f(describ)s(ed)f(in)630 3833 y(Section)31 -b(6.6)h([Aliases],)g(page)f(90.)150 3984 y Ft(bind)870 +b(6.6)h([Aliases],)g(page)f(91.)150 3984 y Ft(bind)870 4114 y(bind)47 b([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e([-lpsvPSVX])870 4224 y(bind)i([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e([-q)i Fj(function)p Ft(])f([-u)g Fj(function)p Ft(])g([-r)h Fj(keyseq)p Ft(])870 @@ -11727,13 +11738,13 @@ Ft(])f([-u)g Fj(function)p Ft(])g([-r)h Fj(keyseq)p Ft(])870 870 4662 y Ft(bind)i([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e Fj (keyseq:readline-command)630 4792 y Fu(Displa)m(y)22 b(curren)m(t)f(Readline)h(\(see)f(Chapter)g(8)g([Command)f(Line)h -(Editing],)j(page)e(104\))g(k)m(ey)630 4902 y(and)36 +(Editing],)j(page)e(105\))g(k)m(ey)630 4902 y(and)36 b(function)g(bindings,)i(bind)d(a)i(k)m(ey)g(sequence)g(to)h(a)f (Readline)g(function)f(or)h(macro,)630 5011 y(or)44 b(set)h(a)g (Readline)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)83 b(Eac)m(h)45 b(non-option)g(argumen)m(t) f(is)g(a)h(command)f(as)g(it)630 5121 y(w)m(ould)e(app)s(ear)f(in)h(a)h (Readline)g(initialization)i(\014le)d(\(see)h(Section)g(8.3)g -([Readline)g(Init)630 5230 y(File],)c(page)d(107\),)j(but)c(eac)m(h)h +([Readline)g(Init)630 5230 y(File],)c(page)d(108\),)j(but)c(eac)m(h)h (binding)f(or)g(command)h(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(passed)g(as)h(a)g(separate) 630 5340 y(argumen)m(t;)31 b(e.g.,)h(`)p Ft ("\\C-x\\C-r":re-read-init-f)o(ile)p Fu('.)p eop end @@ -11897,14 +11908,14 @@ b(with)f(the)g(sp)s(ec-)630 1007 y(i\014ed)j(attributes)h(or)f(to)h (giv)m(e)h(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(attributes:)630 1167 y Ft(-a)384 b Fu(Eac)m(h)36 b Fr(name)k Fu(is)34 b(an)h(indexed)g(arra) m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)36 b(\(see)f(Section)h(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)1110 -1277 y(page)31 b(91\).)630 1437 y Ft(-A)384 b Fu(Eac)m(h)24 +1277 y(page)31 b(92\).)630 1437 y Ft(-A)384 b Fu(Eac)m(h)24 b Fr(name)k Fu(is)23 b(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)e(v)-5 b(ariable)24 b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)1110 -1547 y(page)31 b(91\).)630 1707 y Ft(-f)384 b Fu(Use)31 +1547 y(page)31 b(92\).)630 1707 y Ft(-f)384 b Fu(Use)31 b(function)f(names)g(only)-8 b(.)630 1867 y Ft(-i)384 b Fu(The)36 b(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(is)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(treated)h(as)g(an)f (in)m(teger;)41 b(arithmetic)c(ev)-5 b(aluation)1110 -1976 y(\(see)29 b(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)i(page)e(89\))h +1976 y(\(see)29 b(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)i(page)e(90\))h (is)f(p)s(erformed)e(when)h(the)1110 2086 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(assigned)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue.)630 2246 y Ft(-l)384 b Fu(When)26 b(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(is)f(assigned)g(a)g(v)-5 @@ -11966,7 +11977,7 @@ b(v)-5 b(alue)43 b(to)g(a)f(readonly)g(v)-5 b(ariable,)47 b(an)42 b(attempt)h(is)f(made)g(to)h(assign)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)42 b(to)h(an)630 408 y(arra)m(y)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(without)g(using)e(the)i(comp)s(ound)e(assignmen)m(t)i(syn)m(tax)g -(\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)630 518 y([Arra)m(ys],)47 b(page)c(91\),)48 +(\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)630 518 y([Arra)m(ys],)47 b(page)c(92\),)48 b(one)43 b(of)g(the)g Fr(names)k Fu(is)c(not)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)43 b(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable)44 b(name,)i(an)630 628 y(attempt)28 b(is)f(made)h(to)f(turn)f(o\013)i(readonly)f(status)g @@ -12074,7 +12085,7 @@ b Fj(expression)e Ft([)p Fj(expression)g Ft(...)o(])630 b(Eac)m(h)630 4248 y Fr(expression)31 b Fu(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(according)f(to)h(the)f(rules)g(giv)m(en)h(b)s(elo)m(w)f (in)f(Section)i(6.5)g([Shell)630 4358 y(Arithmetic],)51 -b(page)46 b(89.)87 b(If)45 b(the)g(last)h Fr(expression)g +b(page)46 b(90.)87 b(If)45 b(the)g(last)h Fr(expression)g Fu(ev)-5 b(aluates)47 b(to)f(0,)k Ft(let)44 b Fu(returns)g(1;)630 4468 y(otherwise)31 b(0)g(is)f(returned.)150 4630 y Ft(local)870 4766 y(local)46 b([)p Fj(option)p Ft(])g Fj(name)p Ft([=)p @@ -12262,7 +12273,7 @@ b Fr(name)36 b Fu(argumen)m(ts)30 b(are)h(ignored.)630 Fr(delim)g Fu(is)g(used)g(to)g(terminate)h(the)f(input)f(line,)1110 777 y(rather)30 b(than)g(newline.)630 927 y Ft(-e)384 b Fu(Readline)46 b(\(see)g(Chapter)e(8)h([Command)f(Line)h(Editing],)50 -b(page)45 b(104\))i(is)1110 1036 y(used)37 b(to)i(obtain)g(the)f(line.) +b(page)45 b(105\))i(is)1110 1036 y(used)37 b(to)i(obtain)g(the)f(line.) 65 b(Readline)39 b(uses)e(the)i(curren)m(t)f(\(or)g(default,)j(if)1110 1146 y(line)31 b(editing)g(w)m(as)f(not)h(previously)f(activ)m(e\))j (editing)e(settings.)630 1295 y Ft(-i)f Fj(text)162 b @@ -12450,7 +12461,7 @@ Ft(-p)p Fu(,)f(whic)m(h)g(is)g(in)630 4875 y(units)h(of)g(512-b)m(yte)j Fu(,)f Ft(-k)p Fu(,)g Ft(-n)g Fu(and)f Ft(-u)p Fu(,)h(whic)m(h)h(are)f (unscaled)g(v)-5 b(alues;)630 4984 y(and,)31 b(when)f(in)g Fm(posix)g Fu(Mo)s(de)h(\(see)h(Section)g(6.11)g([Bash)g(POSIX)e(Mo)s -(de],)h(page)h(96\),)h Ft(-c)630 5094 y Fu(and)d Ft(-f)p +(de],)h(page)h(97\),)h Ft(-c)630 5094 y Fu(and)d Ft(-f)p Fu(,)g(whic)m(h)g(are)h(in)f(512-b)m(yte)i(incremen)m(ts.)630 5230 y(The)i(return)g(status)h(is)f(zero)i(unless)e(an)g(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)36 b(option)f(or)f(argumen)m(t)i(is)e(supplied,)h(or)630 @@ -12463,7 +12474,7 @@ b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(60)150 299 y Ft(unalias)870 558 y Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)42 b(eac)m(h)f Fr(name)k Fu(from)39 b(the)i(list)f(of)g(aliases.)71 b(If)40 b Ft(-a)f Fu(is)h(supplied,)h (all)g(aliases)h(are)630 668 y(remo)m(v)m(ed.)g(Aliases)31 -b(are)g(describ)s(ed)e(in)h(Section)i(6.6)f([Aliases],)h(page)f(90.)150 +b(are)g(describ)s(ed)e(in)h(Section)i(6.6)f([Aliases],)h(page)f(91.)150 898 y Fs(4.3)68 b(Mo)t(difying)45 b(Shell)g(Beha)l(vior)150 1118 y Fk(4.3.1)63 b(The)41 b(Set)g(Builtin)150 1265 y Fu(This)35 b(builtin)h(is)g(so)g(complicated)i(that)f(it)f(deserv)m @@ -12552,7 +12563,7 @@ Ft(-k)384 b Fu(All)34 b(argumen)m(ts)g(in)f(the)h(form)f(of)g 1737 y(the)k(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(for)g(a)g(command,)h(not)f(just)f (those)i(that)f(precede)g(the)1110 1847 y(command)30 b(name.)630 1998 y Ft(-m)384 b Fu(Job)28 b(con)m(trol)h(is)f(enabled)g -(\(see)h(Chapter)f(7)g([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)i(page)f(100\).)41 +(\(see)h(Chapter)f(7)g([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)i(page)f(101\).)41 b(All)1110 2107 y(pro)s(cesses)27 b(run)f(in)i(a)g(separate)g(pro)s (cess)f(group.)40 b(When)27 b(a)h(bac)m(kground)f(job)1110 2217 y(completes,)32 b(the)f(shell)f(prin)m(ts)g(a)h(line)f(con)m @@ -12568,7 +12579,7 @@ Fu(.)1110 3258 y Ft(braceexpand)1590 3367 y Fu(Same)f(as)h Ft(-B)p Fu(.)1110 3518 y Ft(emacs)240 b Fu(Use)25 b(an)f Ft(emacs)p Fu(-st)m(yle)h(line)f(editing)h(in)m(terface)h(\(see)g (Chapter)e(8)1590 3628 y([Command)33 b(Line)g(Editing],)h(page)h -(104\).)51 b(This)32 b(also)i(a\013ects)1590 3737 y(the)d(editing)g(in) +(105\).)51 b(This)32 b(also)i(a\013ects)1590 3737 y(the)d(editing)g(in) m(terface)h(used)d(for)h Ft(read)f(-e)p Fu(.)1110 3888 y Ft(errexit)144 b Fu(Same)30 b(as)h Ft(-e)p Fu(.)1110 4039 y Ft(errtrace)96 b Fu(Same)30 b(as)h Ft(-E)p Fu(.)1110 @@ -12577,7 +12588,7 @@ Fu(.)1110 4450 y Ft(hashall)144 b Fu(Same)30 b(as)h Ft(-h)p Fu(.)1110 4600 y Ft(histexpand)1590 4710 y Fu(Same)f(as)h Ft(-H)p Fu(.)1110 4861 y Ft(history)144 b Fu(Enable)39 b(command)g(history)-8 b(,)42 b(as)d(describ)s(ed)f(in)h(Section)h(9.1) -1590 4970 y([Bash)d(History)g(F)-8 b(acilities],)41 b(page)c(137.)60 +1590 4970 y([Bash)d(History)g(F)-8 b(acilities],)41 b(page)c(138.)60 b(This)36 b(option)h(is)f(on)1590 5080 y(b)m(y)30 b(default)h(in)f(in)m (teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)1110 5230 y Ft(ignoreeof)1590 5340 y Fu(An)d(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e(will)g(not)f(exit)h(up)s(on) @@ -12605,7 +12616,7 @@ b(of)1590 2101 y(the)33 b(last)h(\(righ)m(tmost\))h(command)e(to)h (vior)h(of)f(Bash)g(where)g(the)g(default)h(op)s(era-)1590 2588 y(tion)25 b(di\013ers)f(from)g(the)h Fm(posix)f Fu(standard)f(to)i(matc)m(h)h(the)f(stan-)1590 2698 y(dard)32 -b(\(see)i(Section)g(6.11)h([Bash)e(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)j(page)e(96\).) +b(\(see)i(Section)g(6.11)h([Bash)e(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)j(page)e(97\).) 1590 2807 y(This)k(is)g(in)m(tended)g(to)h(mak)m(e)g(Bash)g(b)s(eha)m (v)m(e)g(as)g(a)f(strict)h(su-)1590 2917 y(p)s(erset)30 b(of)h(that)f(standard.)1110 3075 y Ft(privileged)1590 @@ -12670,7 +12681,7 @@ b(and)e(commands)g(executed)i(in)f(a)g(subshell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t.) (in)g(suc)m(h)g(cases.)630 2351 y Ft(-H)384 b Fu(Enable)38 b(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(st)m(yle)h(history)e(substitution)g(\(see)h (Section)h(9.3)f([History)g(In-)1110 2461 y(teraction],)g(page)d -(139\).)57 b(This)34 b(option)i(is)f(on)g(b)m(y)h(default)f(for)g(in)m +(140\).)57 b(This)34 b(option)i(is)f(on)g(b)m(y)h(default)f(for)g(in)m (teractiv)m(e)1110 2570 y(shells.)630 2730 y Ft(-P)384 b Fu(If)39 b(set,)j(do)d(not)g(resolv)m(e)i(sym)m(b)s(olic)e(links)g (when)f(p)s(erforming)g(commands)1110 2839 y(suc)m(h)29 @@ -12798,7 +12809,7 @@ y(exists,)f(a)g(normal)f(path)g(searc)m(h)h(is)g(p)s(erformed.)630 b(If)41 b(an)m(y)g(jobs)f(are)i(running,)g(this)f(causes)1110 2217 y(the)30 b(exit)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(deferred)g(un)m(til)h(a)f(second)h (exit)g(is)g(attempted)h(without)e(an)1110 2326 y(in)m(terv)m(ening)d -(command)f(\(see)h(Chapter)e(7)h([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)i(page)f(100\).)40 +(command)f(\(see)h(Chapter)e(7)h([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)i(page)f(101\).)40 b(The)1110 2436 y(shell)31 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y(con)m(taining)29 +Fu(to)j(\014nd)d(the)h(directory)1110 5230 y(con)m(taining)29 b(the)e(\014le)h(supplied)e(as)h(an)g(argumen)m(t.)40 -b(This)27 b(option)h(is)f(enabled)1110 5055 y(b)m(y)j(default.)630 -5230 y Ft(xpg_echo)96 b Fu(If)31 b(set,)h(the)g Ft(echo)e -Fu(builtin)h(expands)f(bac)m(kslash-escap)s(e)j(sequences)f(b)m(y)f -(de-)1110 5340 y(fault.)p eop end +b(This)27 b(option)h(is)f(enabled)1110 5340 y(b)m(y)j(default.)p +eop end %%Page: 70 76 TeXDict begin 70 75 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(70)630 299 y(The)27 -b(return)f(status)i(when)f(listing)h(options)g(is)f(zero)i(if)e(all)i -Fr(optnames)i Fu(are)d(enabled,)g(non-)630 408 y(zero)40 -b(otherwise.)66 b(When)39 b(setting)h(or)f(unsetting)g(options,)i(the)e -(return)f(status)h(is)g(zero)630 518 y(unless)30 b(an)g -Fr(optname)36 b Fu(is)30 b(not)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)30 b(shell)h(option.) -150 759 y Fs(4.4)68 b(Sp)t(ecial)45 b(Builtins)150 918 -y Fu(F)-8 b(or)35 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y(9.)61 b(In)24 b(the)g(absence)h(of)f(an)m(y)h(traps,)g(Bash)g (ignores)f Ft(SIGTERM)f Fu(\(see)i(Section)g(3.7.6)h([Signals],)g(page) f(39\).)154 560 y(10.)61 b(In)26 b(the)h(absence)h(of)f(an)m(y)g @@ -14355,7 +14407,7 @@ Ft(:?)p Fj(word)p Ft(})27 b Fu(expansions)j(\(see)h(Section)h(3.5.3)g 2130 y(17.)61 b(When)26 b(running)f(in)i Fm(posix)e Fu(mo)s(de,)j(a)f (sp)s(ecial)g(builtin)f(returning)g(an)g(error)h(status)g(will)g(not)f (cause)330 2240 y(the)31 b(shell)f(to)h(exit)h(\(see)f(Section)g(6.11)h -([Bash)f(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(96\).)154 2370 y(18.)61 +([Bash)f(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(97\).)154 2370 y(18.)61 b(A)34 b(failed)g Ft(exec)f Fu(will)h(not)g(cause)g(the)g(shell)g(to)g (exit)h(\(see)f(Section)h(4.1)g([Bourne)f(Shell)f(Builtins],)330 2480 y(page)e(42\).)154 2610 y(19.)61 b(P)m(arser)31 @@ -14404,9 +14456,9 @@ b(otherwise)h(sp)s(eci\014ed,)j(primaries)c(that)h(op)s(erate)g(on)g (than)f(the)g(link)h(itself.)150 5340 y Ft(-a)f Fj(file)162 b Fu(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g 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b(if)g(the)h(length)g(of)f Fr(string)38 b Fu(is)31 b(zero.)150 462 y Ft(-n)f Fj(string)150 571 y(string)192 b Fu(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(the)h(length)g(of)f @@ -14535,9 +14587,9 @@ b(subtraction)150 5014 y Ft(<<)f(>>)258 b Fu(left)31 b(and)f(righ)m(t)h(bit)m(wise)g(shifts)150 5177 y Ft(<=)f(>=)g(<)g(>) 102 b Fu(comparison)150 5340 y Ft(==)30 b(!=)258 b Fu(equalit)m(y)32 b(and)e(inequalit)m(y)p eop end -%%Page: 90 96 -TeXDict begin 90 95 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(90)150 299 y Ft(&)432 +%%Page: 91 97 +TeXDict begin 91 96 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(91)150 299 y Ft(&)432 b Fu(bit)m(wise)31 b(AND)150 459 y Ft(^)432 b Fu(bit)m(wise)31 b(exclusiv)m(e)h(OR)150 618 y Ft(|)432 b Fu(bit)m(wise)31 b(OR)150 778 y Ft(&&)384 b Fu(logical)33 b(AND)150 938 @@ -14614,9 +14666,9 @@ b(If)150 5230 y(the)31 b(last)h(c)m(haracter)h(of)e(the)h(alias)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)h(a)f Fr(blank)p Fu(,)g(then)g(the)g(next)h(command)e(w) m(ord)h(follo)m(wing)i(the)150 5340 y(alias)f(is)e(also)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m (ed)i(for)d(alias)h(expansion.)p eop end -%%Page: 91 97 -TeXDict begin 91 96 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(91)275 299 y(Aliases)29 +%%Page: 92 98 +TeXDict begin 92 97 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(92)275 299 y(Aliases)29 b(are)f(created)i(and)d(listed)i(with)f(the)g Ft(alias)f Fu(command,)h(and)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(with)f(the)g Ft(unalias)150 408 y Fu(command.)275 540 y(There)44 b(is)h(no)g(mec)m(hanism)g(for)f @@ -14664,7 +14716,7 @@ m(t)f(that)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)e(b)s(e)g(indexed)150 2973 y(or)26 b(assigned)h(con)m(tiguously)-8 b(.)41 b(Indexed)25 b(arra)m(ys)i(are)f(referenced)g(using)g(in)m(tegers)i(\(including)e (arithmetic)150 3082 y(expressions)38 b(\(see)h(Section)g(6.5)h([Shell) -e(Arithmetic],)k(page)d(89\)\))h(and)d(are)i(zero-based;)k(asso)s 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@@ b(The)36 b Ft(set)g Fu(and)h Ft(declare)d Fu(builtins)j(displa)m(y)g (arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(in)g(a)g(w)m(a)m(y)h(that)g(allo)m(ws)150 5340 y(them)30 b(to)h(b)s(e)f(reused)g(as)g(input.)p eop end -%%Page: 93 99 -TeXDict begin 93 98 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(93)150 299 y Fs(6.8)68 +%%Page: 94 100 +TeXDict begin 94 99 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(94)150 299 y Fs(6.8)68 b(The)45 b(Directory)g(Stac)l(k)150 458 y Fu(The)21 b(directory)h(stac) m(k)h(is)e(a)h(list)g(of)f(recen)m(tly-visited)j(directories.)39 b(The)20 b Ft(pushd)g Fu(builtin)h(adds)g(directories)150 @@ -14869,9 +14921,9 @@ b Fu(th)44 b(directory)h(\(coun)m(ting)h(from)f(the)g(righ)m(t)g(of)g Fu(\),)g(starting)h(with)f(zero.)150 5203 y Ft(pushd)870 5340 y(pushd)46 b([-n])h([+)p Fj(N)g Ft(|)g Fj(-N)h Ft(|)f Fj(dir)p Ft(])p eop end -%%Page: 94 100 -TeXDict begin 94 99 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(94)630 299 y(Sa)m(v)m(e)30 +%%Page: 95 101 +TeXDict begin 95 100 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(95)630 299 y(Sa)m(v)m(e)30 b(the)e(curren)m(t)g(directory)h(on)f(the)h(top)f(of)h(the)f(directory) h(stac)m(k)h(and)e(then)g Ft(cd)f Fu(to)i Fr(dir)p Fu(.)630 408 y(With)39 b(no)f(argumen)m(ts,)j Ft(pushd)c Fu(exc)m(hanges)j(the)f @@ -14931,9 +14983,9 @@ y Ft(\\T)384 b Fu(The)30 b(time,)h(in)f(12-hour)h(HH:MM:SS)g(format.) 150 5183 y Ft(\\@)384 b Fu(The)30 b(time,)h(in)f(12-hour)h(am/pm)f (format.)150 5340 y Ft(\\A)384 b Fu(The)30 b(time,)h(in)f(24-hour)h (HH:MM)g(format.)p eop end -%%Page: 95 101 -TeXDict begin 95 100 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(95)150 299 y Ft(\\u)384 +%%Page: 96 102 +TeXDict begin 96 101 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(96)150 299 y Ft(\\u)384 b Fu(The)30 b(username)g(of)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(user.)150 455 y Ft(\\v)384 b Fu(The)30 b(v)m(ersion)h(of)f(Bash)h(\(e.g.,)h (2.00\))150 611 y Ft(\\V)384 b Fu(The)30 b(release)i(of)e(Bash,)h(v)m @@ -14961,7 +15013,7 @@ b(This)36 b(could)h(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)h(em)m(b)s(ed)g(a)630 y(of)h(a)f(command)h(is)f(its)h(p)s(osition)f(in)g(the)h(history)f (list,)i(whic)m(h)f(ma)m(y)g(include)f(commands)g(restored)g(from)150 2607 y(the)39 b(history)h(\014le)f(\(see)h(Section)g(9.1)h([Bash)e -(History)h(F)-8 b(acilities],)45 b(page)40 b(137\),)j(while)d(the)f +(History)h(F)-8 b(acilities],)45 b(page)40 b(138\),)j(while)d(the)f (command)150 2717 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(is)h(the)h(p)s(osition)f(in)g (the)g(sequence)h(of)f(commands)g(executed)h(during)e(the)i(curren)m(t) f(shell)150 2826 y(session.)275 2959 y(After)35 b(the)g(string)g(is)g @@ -15005,9 +15057,9 @@ b Fu(Using)31 b(the)f Ft(exec)f Fu(builtin)h(to)h(replace)h(the)e b Fu(Adding)24 b(or)g(deleting)i(builtin)e(commands)g(with)h(the)f Ft(-f)g Fu(and)g Ft(-d)g Fu(options)h(to)h(the)e Ft(enable)f Fu(builtin.)p eop end -%%Page: 96 102 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b(trap)f(command)h(is)g(run)e(once)j (for)f(eac)m(h)330 5340 y(c)m(hild)31 b(that)g(exits.)p eop end -%%Page: 99 105 -TeXDict begin 99 104 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(99)154 299 y(55.)61 +%%Page: 100 106 +TeXDict begin 100 105 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(100)154 299 y(55.)61 b(The)27 b Ft(read)f Fu(builtin)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(in)m(terrupted)h(b)m (y)g(a)h(signal)f(for)g(whic)m(h)g(a)h(trap)f(has)g(b)s(een)f(set.)40 b(If)27 b(Bash)330 408 y(receiv)m(es)41 b(a)f(trapp)s(ed)e(signal)i @@ -15290,10 +15342,10 @@ Ft(echo)f Fu(builtin)330 1519 y(to)j(b)s(e)f(fully)g(conforman)m(t.)275 Fm(posix)p Fu(-conforman)m(t)g(b)m(y)g(default,)h(b)m(y)f(sp)s (ecifying)g(the)g Ft(--enable-)150 1788 y(strict-posix-default)c Fu(to)27 b Ft(configure)e Fu(when)h(building)h(\(see)h(Section)g(10.8)g -([Optional)g(F)-8 b(eatures],)150 1898 y(page)31 b(144\).)p +([Optional)g(F)-8 b(eatures],)150 1898 y(page)31 b(145\).)p eop 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b(that)i(app)s(ears)f(in)g(its)h(command)f(line.)41 b(F)-8 @@ -15397,188 +15449,201 @@ Fu(',)g(on)f(the)h(other)g(hand,)g(refers)f(to)h(an)m(y)g(job)g(con)m (taining)h(the)f(string)f(`)p Ft(ce)p Fu(')h(in)f(its)h(command)150 628 y(line.)41 b(If)30 b(the)h(pre\014x)e(or)h(substring)f(matc)m(hes)j (more)e(than)h(one)f(job,)h(Bash)f(rep)s(orts)g(an)g(error.)275 -761 y(Simply)g(naming)h(a)g(job)g(can)g(b)s(e)f(used)h(to)g(bring)f(it) +767 y(Simply)g(naming)h(a)g(job)g(can)g(b)s(e)f(used)h(to)g(bring)f(it) i(in)m(to)g(the)f(foreground:)41 b(`)p Ft(\0451)p Fu(')31 -b(is)g(a)h(synon)m(ym)e(for)150 871 y(`)p Ft(fg)g(\0451)p +b(is)g(a)h(synon)m(ym)e(for)150 876 y(`)p Ft(fg)g(\0451)p Fu(',)i(bringing)f(job)g(1)g(from)g(the)h(bac)m(kground)f(in)m(to)i (the)e(foreground.)44 b(Similarly)-8 b(,)32 b(`)p Ft(\0451)e(&)p -Fu(')i(resumes)150 980 y(job)e(1)h(in)f(the)g(bac)m(kground,)h(equiv)-5 -b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f(`)p Ft(bg)f(\0451)p Fu(')275 1114 +Fu(')i(resumes)150 986 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Fb(78)150 4617 y +f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)32 b Fb(78)150 4700 y Fe(HOSTTYPE)18 b Fc(:)d(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)32 b Fb(78)2021 294 y Fs(I)2025 @@ -20297,31 +20389,31 @@ g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)28 b Fb(71)2025 512 y Fe(IGNOREEOF)15 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)30 b Fb(78)2025 +f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)30 b Fb(79)2025 602 y Fe(input-meta)11 b Fc(:)k(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(110)2025 693 y Fe(INPUTRC)c +h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(111)2025 693 y Fe(INPUTRC)c Fc(:)13 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Fb(7,)26 b(79)2025 2111 y Fe(LC_NUMERIC)13 b Fc(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) @@ -20353,55 +20445,55 @@ Fb(71)2025 3178 y Fe(MAPFILE)22 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)35 b Fb(79)2025 3269 y Fe(mark-modified-lines)26 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(111)2025 3359 y Fe +(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(112)2025 3359 y Fe (mark-symlinked-directories)27 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)36 b Fb(111)2025 3450 +(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)36 b Fb(112)2025 3450 y Fe(match-hidden-files)7 b Fc(:)17 b(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)22 -b Fb(111)2025 3541 y Fe(menu-complete-display-prefix)17 +b Fb(112)2025 3541 y Fe(menu-complete-display-prefix)17 b Fc(:)h(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)31 -b Fb(112)2025 3628 y Fe(meta-flag)13 b Fc(:)i(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g +b Fb(113)2025 3628 y Fe(meta-flag)13 b Fc(:)i(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)28 b Fb(110)2021 +g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)28 b Fb(111)2021 3947 y Fs(O)2025 4074 y Fe(OLDPWD)6 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 -b Fb(79)2025 4165 y Fe(OPTARG)6 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g +b Fb(80)2025 4165 y Fe(OPTARG)6 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fb(71)2025 4256 y Fe(OPTERR)6 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) 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b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(136)2021 +(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(137)2021 1803 y Fs(I)2025 1924 y Fb(iden)n(ti\014er)12 b Fc(:)g(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fb(3)2025 2013 y(initialization)h(\014le,)e(readline)17 b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32 b Fb(107)2025 2102 y(installation)21 +f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32 b Fb(108)2025 2102 y(installation)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)34 b Fb(142)2025 2191 y(in)n(teraction,)26 b(readline)7 +g(:)34 b Fb(143)2025 2191 y(in)n(teraction,)26 b(readline)7 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fb(104)2025 +(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fb(105)2025 2280 y(in)n(teractiv)n(e)k(shell)20 b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fb(84,)27 b(85)2025 2367 y(in)n(ternationalization)22 +h(:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fb(85,)27 b(86)2025 2367 y(in)n(ternationalization)22 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)35 b Fb(7)2021 2637 y Fs(J)2025 2758 y Fb(job)23 b Fc(:)13 @@ -20921,29 +21013,29 @@ b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fb(3)2025 2845 y(job)26 b(con)n(trol)17 b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)31 b Fb(3,)c(100)2021 3124 y Fs(K)2025 +g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)31 b Fb(3,)c(101)2021 3124 y Fs(K)2025 3246 y Fb(kill)f(ring)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)22 b Fb(106)2025 +g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)22 b Fb(107)2025 3333 y(killing)k(text)6 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)21 b Fb(106)2021 3612 +f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)21 b Fb(107)2021 3612 y Fs(L)2025 3733 y Fb(lo)r(calization)i Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)35 b Fb(7)2025 3821 y(login)26 b(shell)6 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 -b Fb(84)2021 4100 y Fs(M)2025 4221 y Fb(matc)n(hing,)26 +b Fb(85)2021 4100 y Fs(M)2025 4221 y Fb(matc)n(hing,)26 b(pattern)9 b Fc(:)k(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(31)2025 4308 y(metac)n(haracter)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)22 b Fb(3)p eop end -%%Page: 172 178 -TeXDict begin 172 177 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 -b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(172)146 294 y Fs(N)150 410 y Fb(name)19 +%%Page: 174 180 +TeXDict begin 174 179 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(174)146 294 y Fs(N)150 410 y Fb(name)19 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(3)150 497 @@ -20952,7 +21044,7 @@ y(nativ)n(e)25 b(languages)c Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(7)150 584 y(notation,)27 b(readline)13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)27 -b Fb(105)146 826 y Fs(O)150 942 y Fb(op)r(erator,)g(shell)c +b Fb(106)146 826 y Fs(O)150 942 y Fb(op)r(erator,)g(shell)c Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) 37 b Fb(3)146 1184 y Fs(P)150 1300 y Fb(parameter)26 @@ -20979,7 +21071,7 @@ b Fb(8)150 1911 y(POSIX)22 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fb(3)150 1998 y(POSIX)25 b(Mo)r(de)17 b Fc(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(96)150 +(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(97)150 2085 y(pro)r(cess)c(group)15 b Fc(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)30 b Fb(3)150 2172 y(pro)r(cess)d @@ -20990,9 +21082,9 @@ b Fc(:)h(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(30)150 2347 y(programmable)i(completion)8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)23 -b Fb(129)150 2434 y(prompting)17 b Fc(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g +b Fb(130)150 2434 y(prompting)17 b Fc(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)31 b Fb(94)146 +g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)31 b Fb(95)146 2676 y Fs(Q)150 2792 y Fb(quoting)16 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)31 @@ -21001,7 +21093,7 @@ b Fb(6)150 2879 y(quoting,)26 b(ANSI)18 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fb(6)146 3121 y Fs(R)150 3237 y Fb(Readline,)26 b(ho)n(w)g(to)g(use)11 b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(103)150 3325 +g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(104)150 3325 y(redirection)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fb(32)150 3412 y(reserv)n(ed)f(w)n @@ -21010,12 +21102,12 @@ g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)28 b Fb(3)150 3499 y(restricted)e(shell)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)29 -b Fb(95)150 3586 y(return)c(status)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g +b Fb(96)150 3586 y(return)c(status)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(4)2021 294 y Fs(S)2025 427 y Fb(shell)h(arithmetic)17 b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)31 b Fb(89)2025 520 +f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)31 b Fb(90)2025 520 y(shell)26 b(function)18 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)32 b Fb(17)2025 613 y(shell)26 @@ -21027,7 +21119,7 @@ b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g g(:)22 b Fb(18)2025 799 y(shell,)k(in)n(teractiv)n(e)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)34 -b Fb(85)2025 892 y(signal)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g +b Fb(86)2025 892 y(signal)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(4)2025 984 y(signal)f(handling)6 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g @@ -21038,10 +21130,10 @@ y(sp)r(ecial)27 b(builtin)16 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(4,)26 b(70)2025 1170 y(startup)f(\014les)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g -(:)g(:)25 b Fb(84)2025 1257 y(susp)r(ending)g(jobs)10 +(:)g(:)25 b Fb(85)2025 1257 y(susp)r(ending)g(jobs)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 -b Fb(100)2021 1619 y Fs(T)2025 1752 y Fb(tilde)h(expansion)7 +b Fb(101)2021 1619 y Fs(T)2025 1752 y Fb(tilde)h(expansion)7 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fb(22)2025 1845 y(tok)n(en)17 b Fc(:)12 b(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g @@ -21055,7 +21147,7 @@ Fb(v)l(ariable,)26 b(shell)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(18)2025 2515 y(v)l(ariables,)f (readline)7 b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)22 -b Fb(108)2021 2876 y Fs(W)2025 3010 y Fb(w)n(ord)10 b +b Fb(109)2021 2876 y Fs(W)2025 3010 y Fb(w)n(ord)10 b Fc(:)j(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(4)2025 3097 @@ -21064,7 +21156,7 @@ y(w)n(ord)h(splitting)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(30)2021 3458 y Fs(Y)2025 3586 y Fb(y)n(anking)h(text)13 b Fc(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(106)p eop end +g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(107)p eop end %%Trailer userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi index 3656f59d..287abf0e 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.texi +++ b/doc/bashref.texi @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED}, of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual}, for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}. -Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @quotation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document @@ -7783,6 +7783,11 @@ The @code{jobs} command may then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command, Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. +When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the @code{wait} +builtin, and job control is enabled, @code{wait} will return when the +job changes state. The @option{-f} option will force @code{wait} to wait +until the job or process terminates before returning. + @node Job Control Builtins @section Job Control Builtins @@ -7879,7 +7884,7 @@ or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. @item wait @btindex wait @example -wait [-n] [@var{jobspec} or @var{pid} @dots{}] +wait [-fn] [@var{jobspec} or @var{pid} @dots{}] @end example Wait until the child process specified by each process @sc{id} @var{pid} @@ -7890,6 +7895,9 @@ If no arguments are given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the @option{-n} option is supplied, @code{wait} waits for any job to terminate and returns its exit status. +If the @option{-f} option is supplied, and job control is enabled, +@code{wait} forces each @var{pid} or @var{jobspec} to terminate before +returning its status, intead of returning when it changes status. If neither @var{jobspec} nor @var{pid} specifies an active child process of the shell, the return status is 127. diff --git a/doc/bashref.toc b/doc/bashref.toc index 1aae157e..e529359b 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.toc +++ b/doc/bashref.toc @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ @numsubsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3.6.2}{}{34} @numsubsecentry{Appending Redirected Output}{3.6.3}{}{34} @numsubsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.4}{}{34} -@numsubsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.5}{}{34} +@numsubsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.5}{}{35} @numsubsecentry{Here Documents}{3.6.6}{}{35} @numsubsecentry{Here Strings}{3.6.7}{}{35} @numsubsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3.6.8}{}{35} @@ -66,74 +66,74 @@ @numchapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{Shell Variables}{71} @numsecentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5.1}{Bourne Shell Variables}{71} @numsecentry{Bash Variables}{5.2}{Bash Variables}{71} -@numchapentry{Bash Features}{6}{Bash Features}{82} -@numsecentry{Invoking Bash}{6.1}{Invoking Bash}{82} -@numsecentry{Bash Startup Files}{6.2}{Bash Startup Files}{84} -@numsecentry{Interactive Shells}{6.3}{Interactive Shells}{85} -@numsubsecentry{What is an Interactive Shell?}{6.3.1}{What is an Interactive Shell?}{86} -@numsubsecentry{Is this Shell Interactive?}{6.3.2}{Is this Shell Interactive?}{86} -@numsubsecentry{Interactive Shell Behavior}{6.3.3}{Interactive Shell Behavior}{86} -@numsecentry{Bash Conditional Expressions}{6.4}{Bash Conditional Expressions}{87} -@numsecentry{Shell Arithmetic}{6.5}{Shell Arithmetic}{89} -@numsecentry{Aliases}{6.6}{Aliases}{90} -@numsecentry{Arrays}{6.7}{Arrays}{91} -@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{93} -@numsubsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6.8.1}{Directory Stack Builtins}{93} -@numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Controlling the Prompt}{94} -@numsecentry{The Restricted Shell}{6.10}{The Restricted Shell}{95} -@numsecentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6.11}{Bash POSIX Mode}{96} -@numchapentry{Job Control}{7}{Job Control}{100} -@numsecentry{Job Control Basics}{7.1}{Job Control Basics}{100} -@numsecentry{Job Control Builtins}{7.2}{Job Control Builtins}{101} -@numsecentry{Job Control Variables}{7.3}{Job Control Variables}{103} -@numchapentry{Command Line Editing}{8}{Command Line Editing}{104} -@numsecentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{8.1}{Introduction and Notation}{104} -@numsecentry{Readline Interaction}{8.2}{Readline Interaction}{104} -@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{8.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{105} -@numsubsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{8.2.2}{Readline Movement Commands}{105} -@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{8.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{106} -@numsubsecentry{Readline Arguments}{8.2.4}{Readline Arguments}{106} -@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8.2.5}{Searching}{106} -@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{8.3}{Readline Init File}{107} -@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{107} -@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{115} -@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{8.3.3}{Sample Init File}{116} -@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{119} -@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{119} -@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8.4.2}{Commands For History}{120} -@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8.4.3}{Commands For Text}{121} -@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{122} -@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{124} -@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{124} -@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{126} -@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{126} -@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{8.5}{Readline vi Mode}{128} -@numsecentry{Programmable Completion}{8.6}{Programmable Completion}{129} -@numsecentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8.7}{Programmable Completion Builtins}{131} -@numsecentry{A Programmable Completion Example}{8.8}{A Programmable Completion Example}{134} -@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{137} -@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{137} -@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{137} -@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{139} -@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{140} -@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{140} -@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{141} -@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{142} -@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{142} -@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{143} -@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{143} -@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{143} -@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{143} -@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{144} -@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{144} -@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{144} -@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{149} -@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{150} -@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{154} -@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{156} -@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{164} -@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{164} -@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{165} -@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{166} -@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{168} -@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{170} +@numchapentry{Bash Features}{6}{Bash Features}{83} +@numsecentry{Invoking Bash}{6.1}{Invoking Bash}{83} +@numsecentry{Bash Startup Files}{6.2}{Bash Startup Files}{85} +@numsecentry{Interactive Shells}{6.3}{Interactive Shells}{86} +@numsubsecentry{What is an Interactive Shell?}{6.3.1}{What is an Interactive Shell?}{87} +@numsubsecentry{Is this Shell Interactive?}{6.3.2}{Is this Shell Interactive?}{87} +@numsubsecentry{Interactive Shell Behavior}{6.3.3}{Interactive Shell Behavior}{87} +@numsecentry{Bash Conditional Expressions}{6.4}{Bash Conditional Expressions}{88} +@numsecentry{Shell Arithmetic}{6.5}{Shell Arithmetic}{90} +@numsecentry{Aliases}{6.6}{Aliases}{91} +@numsecentry{Arrays}{6.7}{Arrays}{92} +@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{94} +@numsubsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6.8.1}{Directory Stack Builtins}{94} +@numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Controlling the Prompt}{95} +@numsecentry{The Restricted Shell}{6.10}{The Restricted Shell}{96} +@numsecentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6.11}{Bash POSIX Mode}{97} +@numchapentry{Job Control}{7}{Job Control}{101} +@numsecentry{Job Control Basics}{7.1}{Job Control Basics}{101} +@numsecentry{Job Control Builtins}{7.2}{Job Control Builtins}{102} +@numsecentry{Job Control Variables}{7.3}{Job Control Variables}{104} +@numchapentry{Command Line Editing}{8}{Command Line Editing}{105} +@numsecentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{8.1}{Introduction and Notation}{105} +@numsecentry{Readline Interaction}{8.2}{Readline Interaction}{105} +@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{8.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{106} +@numsubsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{8.2.2}{Readline Movement Commands}{106} +@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{8.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{107} +@numsubsecentry{Readline Arguments}{8.2.4}{Readline Arguments}{107} +@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8.2.5}{Searching}{107} +@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{8.3}{Readline Init File}{108} +@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{108} +@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{116} +@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{8.3.3}{Sample Init File}{117} +@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{120} +@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{120} +@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8.4.2}{Commands For History}{121} +@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8.4.3}{Commands For Text}{122} +@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{123} +@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{125} +@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{125} +@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{127} +@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{127} +@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{8.5}{Readline vi Mode}{129} +@numsecentry{Programmable Completion}{8.6}{Programmable Completion}{130} +@numsecentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8.7}{Programmable Completion Builtins}{132} +@numsecentry{A Programmable Completion Example}{8.8}{A Programmable Completion Example}{135} +@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{138} +@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{138} +@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{138} +@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{140} +@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{141} +@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{141} +@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{142} +@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{143} +@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{143} +@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{144} +@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{144} +@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{144} +@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{144} +@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{145} +@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{145} +@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{145} +@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{151} +@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{152} +@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{156} +@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{158} +@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{166} +@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{166} +@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{167} +@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{168} +@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{170} +@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{172} diff --git a/doc/bashref.vr b/doc/bashref.vr index 6b959208..8464ca30 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.vr +++ b/doc/bashref.vr @@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ \entry{BASH_ALIASES}{72}{\code {BASH_ALIASES}} \entry{BASH_ARGC}{72}{\code {BASH_ARGC}} \entry{BASH_ARGV}{72}{\code {BASH_ARGV}} +\entry{BASH_ARGV0}{72}{\code {BASH_ARGV0}} \entry{BASH_CMDS}{72}{\code {BASH_CMDS}} -\entry{BASH_COMMAND}{72}{\code {BASH_COMMAND}} +\entry{BASH_COMMAND}{73}{\code {BASH_COMMAND}} \entry{BASH_COMPAT}{73}{\code {BASH_COMPAT}} \entry{BASH_ENV}{73}{\code {BASH_ENV}} \entry{BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}{73}{\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}} @@ -44,14 +45,14 @@ \entry{BASH_LOADABLES_PATH}{73}{\code {BASH_LOADABLES_PATH}} \entry{BASH_REMATCH}{73}{\code {BASH_REMATCH}} \entry{BASH_SOURCE}{73}{\code {BASH_SOURCE}} -\entry{BASH_SUBSHELL}{73}{\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}} -\entry{BASH_VERSINFO}{73}{\code {BASH_VERSINFO}} +\entry{BASH_SUBSHELL}{74}{\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}} +\entry{BASH_VERSINFO}{74}{\code {BASH_VERSINFO}} \entry{BASH_VERSION}{74}{\code {BASH_VERSION}} \entry{BASH_XTRACEFD}{74}{\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}} \entry{CHILD_MAX}{74}{\code {CHILD_MAX}} \entry{COLUMNS}{74}{\code {COLUMNS}} \entry{COMP_CWORD}{74}{\code {COMP_CWORD}} -\entry{COMP_LINE}{74}{\code {COMP_LINE}} +\entry{COMP_LINE}{75}{\code {COMP_LINE}} \entry{COMP_POINT}{75}{\code {COMP_POINT}} \entry{COMP_TYPE}{75}{\code {COMP_TYPE}} \entry{COMP_KEY}{75}{\code {COMP_KEY}} @@ -60,33 +61,35 @@ \entry{COMPREPLY}{75}{\code {COMPREPLY}} \entry{COPROC}{75}{\code {COPROC}} \entry{DIRSTACK}{75}{\code {DIRSTACK}} -\entry{EMACS}{75}{\code {EMACS}} +\entry{EMACS}{76}{\code {EMACS}} \entry{ENV}{76}{\code {ENV}} +\entry{EPOCHREALTIME}{76}{\code {EPOCHREALTIME}} +\entry{EPOCHSECONDS}{76}{\code {EPOCHSECONDS}} \entry{EUID}{76}{\code {EUID}} \entry{EXECIGNORE}{76}{\code {EXECIGNORE}} \entry{FCEDIT}{76}{\code {FCEDIT}} \entry{FIGNORE}{76}{\code {FIGNORE}} \entry{FUNCNAME}{76}{\code {FUNCNAME}} -\entry{FUNCNEST}{76}{\code {FUNCNEST}} -\entry{GLOBIGNORE}{76}{\code {GLOBIGNORE}} -\entry{GROUPS}{76}{\code {GROUPS}} -\entry{histchars}{76}{\code {histchars}} +\entry{FUNCNEST}{77}{\code {FUNCNEST}} +\entry{GLOBIGNORE}{77}{\code {GLOBIGNORE}} +\entry{GROUPS}{77}{\code {GROUPS}} +\entry{histchars}{77}{\code {histchars}} \entry{HISTCMD}{77}{\code {HISTCMD}} \entry{HISTCONTROL}{77}{\code {HISTCONTROL}} \entry{HISTFILE}{77}{\code {HISTFILE}} -\entry{HISTFILESIZE}{77}{\code {HISTFILESIZE}} -\entry{HISTIGNORE}{77}{\code {HISTIGNORE}} +\entry{HISTFILESIZE}{78}{\code {HISTFILESIZE}} +\entry{HISTIGNORE}{78}{\code {HISTIGNORE}} \entry{HISTSIZE}{78}{\code {HISTSIZE}} \entry{HISTTIMEFORMAT}{78}{\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}} \entry{HOSTFILE}{78}{\code {HOSTFILE}} \entry{HOSTNAME}{78}{\code {HOSTNAME}} \entry{HOSTTYPE}{78}{\code {HOSTTYPE}} -\entry{IGNOREEOF}{78}{\code {IGNOREEOF}} -\entry{INPUTRC}{78}{\code {INPUTRC}} -\entry{LANG}{78}{\code {LANG}} -\entry{LC_ALL}{78}{\code {LC_ALL}} -\entry{LC_COLLATE}{78}{\code {LC_COLLATE}} -\entry{LC_CTYPE}{78}{\code {LC_CTYPE}} +\entry{IGNOREEOF}{79}{\code {IGNOREEOF}} +\entry{INPUTRC}{79}{\code {INPUTRC}} +\entry{LANG}{79}{\code {LANG}} +\entry{LC_ALL}{79}{\code {LC_ALL}} +\entry{LC_COLLATE}{79}{\code {LC_COLLATE}} +\entry{LC_CTYPE}{79}{\code {LC_CTYPE}} \entry{LC_MESSAGES}{79}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}} \entry{LC_NUMERIC}{79}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}} \entry{LC_TIME}{79}{\code {LC_TIME}} @@ -95,13 +98,13 @@ \entry{MACHTYPE}{79}{\code {MACHTYPE}} \entry{MAILCHECK}{79}{\code {MAILCHECK}} \entry{MAPFILE}{79}{\code {MAPFILE}} -\entry{OLDPWD}{79}{\code {OLDPWD}} -\entry{OPTERR}{79}{\code {OPTERR}} -\entry{OSTYPE}{79}{\code {OSTYPE}} -\entry{PIPESTATUS}{79}{\code {PIPESTATUS}} -\entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{79}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}} -\entry{PPID}{79}{\code {PPID}} -\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{79}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}} +\entry{OLDPWD}{80}{\code {OLDPWD}} +\entry{OPTERR}{80}{\code {OPTERR}} +\entry{OSTYPE}{80}{\code {OSTYPE}} +\entry{PIPESTATUS}{80}{\code {PIPESTATUS}} +\entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{80}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}} +\entry{PPID}{80}{\code {PPID}} +\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{80}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}} \entry{PROMPT_DIRTRIM}{80}{\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}} \entry{PS0}{80}{\code {PS0}} \entry{PS3}{80}{\code {PS3}} @@ -109,54 +112,54 @@ \entry{PWD}{80}{\code {PWD}} \entry{RANDOM}{80}{\code {RANDOM}} \entry{READLINE_LINE}{80}{\code {READLINE_LINE}} -\entry{READLINE_POINT}{80}{\code {READLINE_POINT}} -\entry{REPLY}{80}{\code {REPLY}} -\entry{SECONDS}{80}{\code {SECONDS}} -\entry{SHELL}{80}{\code {SHELL}} -\entry{SHELLOPTS}{80}{\code {SHELLOPTS}} -\entry{SHLVL}{80}{\code {SHLVL}} +\entry{READLINE_POINT}{81}{\code {READLINE_POINT}} +\entry{REPLY}{81}{\code {REPLY}} +\entry{SECONDS}{81}{\code {SECONDS}} +\entry{SHELL}{81}{\code {SHELL}} +\entry{SHELLOPTS}{81}{\code {SHELLOPTS}} +\entry{SHLVL}{81}{\code {SHLVL}} \entry{TIMEFORMAT}{81}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}} -\entry{TMOUT}{81}{\code {TMOUT}} -\entry{TMPDIR}{81}{\code {TMPDIR}} -\entry{UID}{81}{\code {UID}} -\entry{auto_resume}{103}{\code {auto_resume}} -\entry{bell-style}{108}{\code {bell-style}} -\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{108}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}} -\entry{blink-matching-paren}{108}{\code {blink-matching-paren}} -\entry{colored-completion-prefix}{108}{\code {colored-completion-prefix}} -\entry{colored-stats}{108}{\code {colored-stats}} -\entry{comment-begin}{108}{\code {comment-begin}} -\entry{completion-display-width}{108}{\code {completion-display-width}} -\entry{completion-ignore-case}{109}{\code {completion-ignore-case}} -\entry{completion-map-case}{109}{\code {completion-map-case}} -\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{109}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}} -\entry{completion-query-items}{109}{\code {completion-query-items}} -\entry{convert-meta}{109}{\code {convert-meta}} -\entry{disable-completion}{109}{\code {disable-completion}} -\entry{echo-control-characters}{109}{\code {echo-control-characters}} -\entry{editing-mode}{109}{\code {editing-mode}} -\entry{emacs-mode-string}{109}{\code {emacs-mode-string}} -\entry{enable-bracketed-paste}{110}{\code {enable-bracketed-paste}} -\entry{enable-keypad}{110}{\code {enable-keypad}} -\entry{expand-tilde}{110}{\code {expand-tilde}} -\entry{history-preserve-point}{110}{\code {history-preserve-point}} -\entry{history-size}{110}{\code {history-size}} -\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{110}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}} -\entry{input-meta}{110}{\code {input-meta}} -\entry{meta-flag}{110}{\code {meta-flag}} -\entry{isearch-terminators}{111}{\code {isearch-terminators}} -\entry{keymap}{111}{\code {keymap}} -\entry{mark-modified-lines}{111}{\code {mark-modified-lines}} -\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{111}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}} -\entry{match-hidden-files}{111}{\code {match-hidden-files}} -\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{112}{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}} -\entry{output-meta}{112}{\code {output-meta}} -\entry{page-completions}{112}{\code {page-completions}} -\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{112}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}} -\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{112}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}} -\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{112}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}} -\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{112}{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}} -\entry{skip-completed-text}{112}{\code {skip-completed-text}} -\entry{vi-cmd-mode-string}{113}{\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}} -\entry{vi-ins-mode-string}{113}{\code {vi-ins-mode-string}} -\entry{visible-stats}{113}{\code {visible-stats}} +\entry{TMOUT}{82}{\code {TMOUT}} +\entry{TMPDIR}{82}{\code {TMPDIR}} +\entry{UID}{82}{\code {UID}} +\entry{auto_resume}{104}{\code {auto_resume}} +\entry{bell-style}{109}{\code {bell-style}} +\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{109}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}} +\entry{blink-matching-paren}{109}{\code {blink-matching-paren}} +\entry{colored-completion-prefix}{109}{\code {colored-completion-prefix}} +\entry{colored-stats}{109}{\code {colored-stats}} +\entry{comment-begin}{109}{\code {comment-begin}} +\entry{completion-display-width}{109}{\code {completion-display-width}} +\entry{completion-ignore-case}{110}{\code {completion-ignore-case}} +\entry{completion-map-case}{110}{\code {completion-map-case}} +\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{110}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}} +\entry{completion-query-items}{110}{\code {completion-query-items}} +\entry{convert-meta}{110}{\code {convert-meta}} +\entry{disable-completion}{110}{\code {disable-completion}} +\entry{echo-control-characters}{110}{\code {echo-control-characters}} +\entry{editing-mode}{110}{\code {editing-mode}} +\entry{emacs-mode-string}{110}{\code {emacs-mode-string}} +\entry{enable-bracketed-paste}{111}{\code {enable-bracketed-paste}} +\entry{enable-keypad}{111}{\code {enable-keypad}} +\entry{expand-tilde}{111}{\code {expand-tilde}} +\entry{history-preserve-point}{111}{\code {history-preserve-point}} +\entry{history-size}{111}{\code {history-size}} +\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{111}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}} +\entry{input-meta}{111}{\code {input-meta}} +\entry{meta-flag}{111}{\code {meta-flag}} +\entry{isearch-terminators}{112}{\code {isearch-terminators}} +\entry{keymap}{112}{\code {keymap}} +\entry{mark-modified-lines}{112}{\code {mark-modified-lines}} +\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{112}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}} +\entry{match-hidden-files}{112}{\code {match-hidden-files}} +\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{113}{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}} +\entry{output-meta}{113}{\code {output-meta}} +\entry{page-completions}{113}{\code {page-completions}} +\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{113}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}} +\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{113}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}} +\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{113}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}} +\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{113}{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}} +\entry{skip-completed-text}{113}{\code {skip-completed-text}} +\entry{vi-cmd-mode-string}{114}{\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}} +\entry{vi-ins-mode-string}{114}{\code {vi-ins-mode-string}} +\entry{visible-stats}{114}{\code {visible-stats}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.vrs b/doc/bashref.vrs index ae4cfa45..63a72340 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.vrs +++ b/doc/bashref.vrs @@ -26,14 +26,15 @@ \initial {0} \entry {\code {0}}{20} \initial {A} -\entry {\code {auto_resume}}{103} +\entry {\code {auto_resume}}{104} \initial {B} \entry {\code {BASH}}{71} \entry {\code {BASH_ALIASES}}{72} \entry {\code {BASH_ARGC}}{72} \entry {\code {BASH_ARGV}}{72} +\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV0}}{72} \entry {\code {BASH_CMDS}}{72} -\entry {\code {BASH_COMMAND}}{72} +\entry {\code {BASH_COMMAND}}{73} \entry {\code {BASH_COMPAT}}{73} \entry {\code {BASH_ENV}}{73} \entry {\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}{73} @@ -41,88 +42,90 @@ \entry {\code {BASH_LOADABLES_PATH}}{73} \entry {\code {BASH_REMATCH}}{73} \entry {\code {BASH_SOURCE}}{73} -\entry {\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}{73} -\entry {\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}{73} +\entry {\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}{74} +\entry {\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}{74} \entry {\code {BASH_VERSION}}{74} \entry {\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}{74} \entry {\code {BASHOPTS}}{72} \entry {\code {BASHPID}}{72} -\entry {\code {bell-style}}{108} -\entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{108} -\entry {\code {blink-matching-paren}}{108} +\entry {\code {bell-style}}{109} +\entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{109} +\entry {\code {blink-matching-paren}}{109} \initial {C} \entry {\code {CDPATH}}{71} \entry {\code {CHILD_MAX}}{74} -\entry {\code {colored-completion-prefix}}{108} -\entry {\code {colored-stats}}{108} +\entry {\code {colored-completion-prefix}}{109} +\entry {\code {colored-stats}}{109} \entry {\code {COLUMNS}}{74} -\entry {\code {comment-begin}}{108} +\entry {\code {comment-begin}}{109} \entry {\code {COMP_CWORD}}{74} \entry {\code {COMP_KEY}}{75} -\entry {\code {COMP_LINE}}{74} +\entry {\code {COMP_LINE}}{75} \entry {\code {COMP_POINT}}{75} \entry {\code {COMP_TYPE}}{75} \entry {\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}{75} \entry {\code {COMP_WORDS}}{75} -\entry {\code {completion-display-width}}{108} -\entry {\code {completion-ignore-case}}{109} -\entry {\code {completion-map-case}}{109} -\entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{109} -\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{109} +\entry {\code {completion-display-width}}{109} +\entry {\code {completion-ignore-case}}{110} +\entry {\code {completion-map-case}}{110} +\entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{110} +\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{110} \entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{75} -\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{109} +\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{110} \entry {\code {COPROC}}{75} \initial {D} \entry {\code {DIRSTACK}}{75} -\entry {\code {disable-completion}}{109} +\entry {\code {disable-completion}}{110} \initial {E} -\entry {\code {echo-control-characters}}{109} -\entry {\code {editing-mode}}{109} -\entry {\code {emacs-mode-string}}{109} -\entry {\code {EMACS}}{75} -\entry {\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}{110} -\entry {\code {enable-keypad}}{110} +\entry {\code {echo-control-characters}}{110} +\entry {\code {editing-mode}}{110} +\entry {\code {emacs-mode-string}}{110} +\entry {\code {EMACS}}{76} +\entry {\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}{111} +\entry {\code {enable-keypad}}{111} \entry {\code {ENV}}{76} +\entry {\code {EPOCHREALTIME}}{76} +\entry {\code {EPOCHSECONDS}}{76} \entry {\code {EUID}}{76} \entry {\code {EXECIGNORE}}{76} -\entry {\code {expand-tilde}}{110} +\entry {\code {expand-tilde}}{111} \initial {F} \entry {\code {FCEDIT}}{76} \entry {\code {FIGNORE}}{76} \entry {\code {FUNCNAME}}{76} -\entry {\code {FUNCNEST}}{76} +\entry {\code {FUNCNEST}}{77} \initial {G} -\entry {\code {GLOBIGNORE}}{76} -\entry {\code {GROUPS}}{76} +\entry {\code {GLOBIGNORE}}{77} +\entry {\code {GROUPS}}{77} \initial {H} -\entry {\code {histchars}}{76} +\entry {\code {histchars}}{77} \entry {\code {HISTCMD}}{77} \entry {\code {HISTCONTROL}}{77} \entry {\code {HISTFILE}}{77} -\entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{77} -\entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{77} -\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{110} -\entry {\code {history-size}}{110} +\entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{78} +\entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{78} +\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{111} +\entry {\code {history-size}}{111} \entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{78} \entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{78} \entry {\code {HOME}}{71} -\entry {\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{110} +\entry {\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{111} \entry {\code {HOSTFILE}}{78} \entry {\code {HOSTNAME}}{78} \entry {\code {HOSTTYPE}}{78} \initial {I} \entry {\code {IFS}}{71} -\entry {\code {IGNOREEOF}}{78} -\entry {\code {input-meta}}{110} -\entry {\code {INPUTRC}}{78} -\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{111} +\entry {\code {IGNOREEOF}}{79} +\entry {\code {input-meta}}{111} +\entry {\code {INPUTRC}}{79} +\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{112} \initial {K} -\entry {\code {keymap}}{111} +\entry {\code {keymap}}{112} \initial {L} -\entry {\code {LANG}}{78} -\entry {\code {LC_ALL}}{78} -\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{78} -\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{78} +\entry {\code {LANG}}{79} +\entry {\code {LC_ALL}}{79} +\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{79} +\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{79} \entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{7, 79} \entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{79} \entry {\code {LC_TIME}}{79} @@ -134,25 +137,25 @@ \entry {\code {MAILCHECK}}{79} \entry {\code {MAILPATH}}{71} \entry {\code {MAPFILE}}{79} -\entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{111} -\entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{111} -\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{111} -\entry {\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}{112} -\entry {\code {meta-flag}}{110} +\entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{112} +\entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{112} +\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{112} +\entry {\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}{113} +\entry {\code {meta-flag}}{111} \initial {O} -\entry {\code {OLDPWD}}{79} +\entry {\code {OLDPWD}}{80} \entry {\code {OPTARG}}{71} -\entry {\code {OPTERR}}{79} +\entry {\code {OPTERR}}{80} \entry {\code {OPTIND}}{71} -\entry {\code {OSTYPE}}{79} -\entry {\code {output-meta}}{112} +\entry {\code {OSTYPE}}{80} +\entry {\code {output-meta}}{113} \initial {P} -\entry {\code {page-completions}}{112} +\entry {\code {page-completions}}{113} \entry {\code {PATH}}{71} -\entry {\code {PIPESTATUS}}{79} -\entry {\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{79} -\entry {\code {PPID}}{79} -\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{79} +\entry {\code {PIPESTATUS}}{80} +\entry {\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{80} +\entry {\code {PPID}}{80} +\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{80} \entry {\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}{80} \entry {\code {PS0}}{80} \entry {\code {PS1}}{71} @@ -163,27 +166,27 @@ \initial {R} \entry {\code {RANDOM}}{80} \entry {\code {READLINE_LINE}}{80} -\entry {\code {READLINE_POINT}}{80} -\entry {\code {REPLY}}{80} -\entry {\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{112} +\entry {\code {READLINE_POINT}}{81} +\entry {\code {REPLY}}{81} +\entry {\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{113} \initial {S} -\entry {\code {SECONDS}}{80} -\entry {\code {SHELL}}{80} -\entry {\code {SHELLOPTS}}{80} -\entry {\code {SHLVL}}{80} -\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{112} -\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{112} -\entry {\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}{112} -\entry {\code {skip-completed-text}}{112} +\entry {\code {SECONDS}}{81} +\entry {\code {SHELL}}{81} +\entry {\code {SHELLOPTS}}{81} +\entry {\code {SHLVL}}{81} +\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{113} +\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{113} +\entry {\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}{113} +\entry {\code {skip-completed-text}}{113} \initial {T} \entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}{7} \entry {\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}{7} \entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{81} -\entry {\code {TMOUT}}{81} -\entry {\code {TMPDIR}}{81} +\entry {\code {TMOUT}}{82} +\entry {\code {TMPDIR}}{82} \initial {U} -\entry {\code {UID}}{81} +\entry {\code {UID}}{82} \initial {V} -\entry {\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}{113} -\entry {\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}{113} -\entry {\code {visible-stats}}{113} +\entry {\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}{114} +\entry {\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}{114} +\entry {\code {visible-stats}}{114} diff --git a/doc/builtins.0 b/doc/builtins.0 index 3706dad4..41194094 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.0 +++ b/doc/builtins.0 @@ -713,7 +713,11 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t - Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. + Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t + is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater + than the last history position, so negative indices count + back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 + refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command. --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the @@ -1382,7 +1386,9 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in - the results of pathname expansion. + the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' + and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if + ddoottgglloobb is set. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- not execute the file specified as an argument to the @@ -1767,16 +1773,19 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- only. - wwaaiitt [--nn] [_n _._._.] + wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [_i_d _._._.] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination - status. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a - job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- + status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if + a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _i_d is not given, all currently active child pro- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and - returns its exit status. If _n specifies a non-existent process - or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status - is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. + returns its exit status. If the --ff option is supplied, and job + control is enabled, wwaaiitt forces _i_d to terminate before returning + its status, intead of returning when it changes status. If _i_d + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + last process or job waited for. SSEEEE AALLSSOO bash(1), sh(1) diff --git a/doc/builtins.ps b/doc/builtins.ps index f6aec86f..1b3133c6 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.ps +++ b/doc/builtins.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Wed Aug 31 10:24:00 2016 +%%CreationDate: Wed Feb 1 09:18:06 2017 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Symbol %%+ font Courier %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 -%%Pages: 23 +%%Pages: 24 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -1390,219 +1390,220 @@ F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 285.6 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 285.6 Q F1 -144 297.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 309.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 -E F0(.)A F1144 321.6 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 321.6 R(`ne)-.74 E -(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.) --3.065 F .564(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 -333.6 Q(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 345.6 +144 297.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 309.6 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) +-2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 +321.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 333.6 Q 2.5(,a) +-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +144 345.6 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 345.6 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E +3.065('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 357.6 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 369.6 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 345.6 R .773 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 357.6 R +le into the current history list.)180 369.6 R .773 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 381.6 R .772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E -(sion.)180 369.6 Q F1144 381.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 381.6 Q F1 -144 393.6 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 393.6 Q +(sion.)180 393.6 Q F1144 405.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 405.6 Q F1 +144 417.6 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 417.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 405.6 Q F0 .625 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 405.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 429.6 Q F0 .625 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 429.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2 (ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard) -3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 417.6 R .475 +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 441.6 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 429.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 441.6 Q F0 -.362(Store the)180 441.6 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(normal history e)180 453.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 465.6 Q F0 +.362(Store the)180 465.6 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 453.6 Q -.15 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 477.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 470.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 494.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 482.4 R .669 +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 506.4 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 -(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 494.4 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 518.4 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.795 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 506.4 R 1.795 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 530.4 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 518.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 542.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 530.4 Q(fset) +tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 554.4 Q(fset) -.18 E F0 1.031(is supplied as an ar)3.531 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.032(gument to)-.18 F F1 -3.532 E F0 -.1(fa)144 542.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 559.2 Q F0([) +3.532 E F0 -.1(fa)144 566.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 583.2 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 571.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 583.2 Q .3 -.15 +(jobs \255x)108 595.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 607.2 Q .3 -.15 (ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 595.2 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 595.2 Q F1 -144 607.2 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 607.2 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 619.2 Q F1 -144 631.2 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 631.2 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 643.2 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 643.2 Q F1144 655.2 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 655.2 Q(If)144 672 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 E +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 619.2 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 619.2 Q F1 +144 631.2 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 631.2 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 643.2 Q F1 +144 655.2 Q 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F2(ar) -2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E 2.067(If the)144 724.8 R F1 +4.567 E F0 2.067(option is supplied,)4.567 F F1(jobs)4.567 E F0 +2.067(replaces an)4.567 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)6.307 E F0 2.067(found in) +4.877 F F2(command)4.767 E F0(or)5.337 E F2(ar)4.897 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +2.066(with the)4.836 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(10) +198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 -2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 -108 R F2(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 -(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(corresponding process group ID, and e)144 +84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.7 E F0 +(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e) +-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill)108 100.8 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(signum)2.5 +E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 +E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2(kill \255l)108 112.8 Q F0(|) +A F2A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 124.8 R F1 +(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F1(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F1 +(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 +(either a case-insensiti)144 136.8 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 (ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 (\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 148.8 Q F1(signum)4.188 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 144 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F -F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 -F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F -F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R .28 -(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 168 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F1 -2.878 E F0 .378 +1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 160.8 Q .523(gument of)-.18 +F F23.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) +5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) +.18 F F23.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 +(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 172.8 +R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E +F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 184.8 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F +F22.878 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 180 R -(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 196.8 +R(The)5.962 E F23.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F23.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -220.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 +(successfully sent, or f)144 208.8 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) +-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 225.6 Q +F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +237.6 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) -2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F -.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 -.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 273.6 Q 3.153(yo) --.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar) -3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 249.6 Q F1(ar) +2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 278.4 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 +.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) +-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 290.4 Q 3.153(yo) +-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar) +3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -285.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +302.4 Q F1(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1 +(If)5.422 E F1(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 314.4 R F2 (local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 309.6 R F1(set)4.062 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 326.4 R F2(set)4.062 E F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 321.6 R 1.244 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.744 E F0 1.244 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 338.4 R 1.244 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.744 E F0 1.244 (writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42 -(error to use)144 333.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(error to use)144 350.4 R F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) -5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 345.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) -2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout) -108 362.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 362.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 379.2 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 391.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) -C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .351(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 403.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.85 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 415.2 R -F13.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F -(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) --6.249 F(ha)144 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 439.2 Q F0(The \214rst character of) -180 439.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +5.42 F F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) +144 362.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) +2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout) +108 379.2 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 379.2 Q F2(map\214le)108 396 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 408 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E +F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351 +(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 420 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.85 E(ay) +-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor)-2.85 +F F1(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 432 R F23.748 E F0 1.248 +(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.749 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 444 +Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 +456 Q F0(The \214rst character of)180 456 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 -E F1144 451.2 Q F0(Cop)180 451.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) --2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 -(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 463.2 Q F0(Be)180 463.2 Q -(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) --.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 475.2 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 475.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -144 487.2 Q F0(Remo)180 487.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 -E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 499.2 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 499.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 511.2 Q F0(Ev)180 -511.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 -(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 523.2 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 523.2 Q -F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 540 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 -(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 -(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 +E F2144 468 Q F0(Cop)180 468 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 +E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)2.5 E F0 +(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2144 480 Q F0(Be)180 480 Q +(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) +-.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) +-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2144 492 Q F0(Discard the \214rst) +180 492 Q F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2144 504 Q F0(Remo) +180 504 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F1(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def) +2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F2144 516 +Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 516 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2144 528 Q F0(Ev)180 528 Q +(aluate)-.25 E F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F1(quantum) +2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F22.5 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2144 540 Q +F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 540 Q F1 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 556.8 Q F22.968 E F0 .467 +(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F22.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 552 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G -2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ -ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 564 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 568.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 580.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 576 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 592.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 609.6 Q F0 1.905 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 592.8 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 609.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 626.4 Q F0 1.905 (returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 621.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) +4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 638.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 638.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 650.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +F2(popd)108 655.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 667.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) .15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 (th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -662.4 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +679.2 R F2(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 674.4 Q F1144 686.4 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 686.4 R .551 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 691.2 Q F2144 703.2 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 703.2 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 698.4 Q F1(+)144 710.4 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)180 710.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E -F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -722.4 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q (2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -1610,110 +1611,115 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he) --3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he) +-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 96 +S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E +F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 108 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 +108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F) -180 96 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd -0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 -112.8 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1 -(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) -3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 124.8 R .416 -(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +180 120 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 +E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 136.8 R F1(popd) +3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 +(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 +E F0 .416(returns f)144 148.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G +.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 136.8 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 160.8 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 165.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 (to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F13.937 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 177.6 R(ariable) +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 201.6 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 189.6 Q(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +er escape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 237.6 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 249.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 273.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 261.6 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 273.6 Q F0(causes)180 273.6 Q F1(printf) +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)180 297.6 Q F1(printf) 2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 285.6 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)180 297.6 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 309.6 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 321.6 Q F0(causes)180 321.6 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 309.6 Q F1(%\()144 321.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 333.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(input.)180 333.6 Q F1(%\()144 345.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 357.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 345.6 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 369.6 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -357.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F +381.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F .458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .848 -(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 369.6 R .847 +(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 393.6 R .847 (as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.347(d. If).1 F .847(no ar)3.347 -F .847(gument is speci-)-.18 F .354(\214ed, con)180 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 +F .847(gument is speci-)-.18 F .354(\214ed, con)180 405.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .354(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.854(sa).15 G 2.854(si)-2.854 G 2.854(f-)-2.854 G 2.854(1h)-2.854 G .354(ad been gi)-2.854 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .355(is an e)2.854 F .355 -(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.855 E F0(beha)180 393.6 Q -(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 410.4 Q .464(guments to non-string format s\ +(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.855 E F0(beha)180 417.6 Q +(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 434.4 Q .464(guments to non-string format s\ peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 422.4 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 446.4 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 434.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 451.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 458.4 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 475.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 463.2 Q(guments)-.37 E +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 487.2 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 475.2 Q(The return v)5 E +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 499.2 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 (][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ -tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 516 R 3.139(wt)-.25 -G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 528 R .416 +tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 540 R 3.139(wt)-.25 +G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 552 R .416 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 (changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 540 R 6.625(.A) +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 564 R 6.625(.A) -.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 552 Q F1 -144 564 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ - rotating or adding directories to the)180 564 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 576 Q F1(+)144 588 Q -F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 588 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 +(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 576 Q F1 +144 588 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ + rotating or adding directories to the)180 588 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 600 Q F1(+)144 612 Q +F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 600 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 612 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 636 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 +(Rotates the stack so that the)180 636 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 636 Q F0(Adds)180 636 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +F F1(dirs)180 648 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 +E F2(dir)144.35 660 Q F0(Adds)180 660 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) -.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 648 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 664.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 672 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) +2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 688.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 676.8 R F2(dir) +F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 700.8 R F2(dir) 3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 -(stack is empty)144 688.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ +(stack is empty)144 712.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 700.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 724.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 @@ -2409,25 +2415,30 @@ F .028(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 480 R 1.073 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 588 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F2(dotglob)144 600 Q F0(If set,)184 600 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -(includes \214lenames be)2.5 E(ginning with a `.)-.15 E 2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5 -(nt)-2.5 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(execfail) -144 612 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti)184 612 R 1.686 -.15(ve s) --.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 624 Q -(gument to the)-.18 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E -(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 636 Q F0 -.717(If set, aliases are e)184 648 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 -F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E -/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 660 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F2(extdeb)144 672 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 684 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 -(cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.221(identical to the)184 696 R F22.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 -2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 708 Q +F2(dotglob)144 600 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 600 R F2(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) +-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 612 Q F2 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 +(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 +(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F2(dotglob)2.5 E F0 +(is set.)2.5 E F2(execfail)144 624 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti) +184 624 R 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.386 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 636 Q(gument to the)-.18 +E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 648 Q F0 .716 +(If set, aliases are e)184 660 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E +/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 672 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F2(extdeb)144 684 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .672(If set at shell in)184 696 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .672(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 +(cute the deb).15 F .671(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F +.22(identical to the)184 708 R F22.72 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721 +(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 +(cation, beha).2 F .221(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 720 Q (uggers is enabled:)-.2 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E (18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 @@ -2437,23 +2448,23 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(1.)184 84 Q F0(The) -220 84 Q F14.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E -(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +220 84 Q F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 +E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 96 Q (gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 108 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 108 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 120 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 132 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 132 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 132 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)220 132 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 (exe)220 144 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 (sour)220 156 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 168 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)220 168 S -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 (are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 180 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 192 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 192 R @@ -2473,60 +2484,60 @@ E F0(")A F3(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G (pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 288 Q (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 300 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 300 R 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 +1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 300 R 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 (xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 312 S(pansion error).15 E(.) -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 324 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 336 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +.937(If set, the suf)184 336 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 348 R .32 +-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 348 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 360 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 +(pletions. See)184 360 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 384 Q F0 -2.519(If set, range e)184 396 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 408 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) --3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +2.518(If set, range e)184 396 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 408 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) -3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 420 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 432 R F1(A) -3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F -.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 432 R F1(A) +3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F +.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 (-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 444 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 456 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 456 R F1(**)3.019 -E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +F1(globstar)144 456 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 456 R F1(**)3.018 +E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 (or more directories and subdirectories.)184 468 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 480 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 492 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 504 Q F1(histappend)144 516 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -528 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +528 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 540 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 552 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 564 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 576 Q F1(histv)144 588 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +E F0 .576(If set, and)184 564 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 576 Q F1(histv)144 588 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 (If set, and)184 600 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 612 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 624 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 612 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 624 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 636 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 648 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -660 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 672 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(hostcomplete)144 636 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 648 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 +660 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 672 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F (is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 684 Q F0(If set,) 184 696 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) @@ -2539,8 +2550,8 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(inherit_err)144 84 Q -(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 96 R -.219(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 96 +R .219(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 (option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 108 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) @@ -2549,59 +2560,59 @@ E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(inherit_err)144 84 Q .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 144 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0 -(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F +(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F (enabled by def)184 156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 168 Q F0 .066 (If set, and job control is not acti)184 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 180 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 192 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 192 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 180 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 192 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) +184 192 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F +3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F (with embedded ne)184 204 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 (login_shell)144 216 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -228 R F3(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 240 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 252 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 -264 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +228 R F3(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 240 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 252 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 +264 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F -.1(wa)184 276 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E F2(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) -.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 288 -Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 300 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 -(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F3 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 300 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 +(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F3 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 312 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 324 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 336 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 348 S +(nocaseglob)144 324 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 336 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 348 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 360 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -372 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 360 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +372 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 396 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +(wo)184 396 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 408 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 420 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) -3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) -3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 444 S +(nullglob)144 420 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) +3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 444 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -456 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -468 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +456 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +468 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E (are enabled.)184 480 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 492 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 +(pr)144 492 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 (If set, prompt strings under)184 504 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 516 -S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F3(PR)2.671 E -(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 516 +S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F3(PR)2.67 E +(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E (This option is enabled by def)184 528 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 540 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) @@ -2610,25 +2621,25 @@ S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G (-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 576 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 588 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 600 R F1 -(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 +F1(shift_v)144 588 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 600 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 612 Q F1(sour) -144 624 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 636 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) --.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 648 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 660 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 672 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 700.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F3(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 712.8 R F1 -2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 724.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +144 624 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 636 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 648 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 660 Q F0(If set, the)184 672 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 700.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G +F3(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 712.8 R F12.523 E F0 .023 +(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 724.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 @@ -2639,22 +2650,22 @@ BP (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(test)108 84 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 96 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 -96 R .877(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 +(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 +96 R .878(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 108 S (pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 -(primaries described abo)144 120 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 -F(y)-.15 E(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 132 Q +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 +(primaries described abo)144 120 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F +(y)-.15 E(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 132 Q (gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 150 R .786 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 162 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F +E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 150 R .785 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 +(dence. The)144 162 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F (used when there are \214v)144 174 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) -2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 186 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 186 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.) @@ -2677,9 +2688,9 @@ F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E E 2.5(2a)144 340.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) 180 352.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 364.8 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 376.8 Q .553 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 364.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 376.8 Q .552 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 (If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 388.8 Q @@ -2690,27 +2701,27 @@ F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 (the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 424.8 R 1.155 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 436.8 R .578(xpression i\ +F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 436.8 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 448.8 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 -E F0(and)3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 +(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 448.8 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 +E F0(and)3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 (three ar)180 460.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -472.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(ar)180 484.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 -2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 +472.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) +3.021 F(ar)180 484.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 +E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E (wise, the e)180 496.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -508.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 520.8 R -.385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 -(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) -.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 +508.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 520.8 R +.384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648 (posed of the remaining ar)180 532.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 544.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 556.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) -2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 568.8 R 1.635 @@ -2723,27 +2734,28 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ processes run from the shell.)144 615.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 627.6 Q F1(trap)108 644.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command) -144 656.4 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F +F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command) +144 656.4 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.202(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G -(f)-5.702 E F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608 +3.203(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G +(f)-5.703 E F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609 (absent \(and there is a single)144 668.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 (\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 680.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +.658(\(the v)144 680.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 692.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +144.34 692.4 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 704.4 R -F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 716.4 R F13.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 -(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 4.327 -(signal. The)144 728.4 R F14.327 E F0 1.826(option causes the she\ -ll to print a list of signal names and their corresponding)4.327 F +(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 4.326 +(signal. The)144 728.4 R F14.326 E F0 1.826(option causes the she\ +ll to print a list of signal names and their corresponding)4.326 F (GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -2751,51 +2763,51 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 3.125(numbers. Each)144 84 R/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.465 E F0 .625 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.435 F F1(signal.h)A F0 .626 -(>, or a signal number)B 5.626(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-5.626 E +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 3.126(numbers. Each)144 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.466 E F0 .625 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.436 F F1(signal.h)A F0 .625 +(>, or a signal number)B 5.625(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-5.625 E (names are case insensiti)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a) -144 114 R F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 -(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.648(If a)6.648 F F1(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(DEB)144 126 Q(UG) --.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F1(ar) -3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.168(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F1(case)3.668 E F0 -(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 138 Q F1(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.647 E F0 .146 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 150 R F2 .145 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a) +144 114 R F1(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 +(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.649(If a)6.649 F F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 126 Q(UG) +-.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F1(ar) +3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.167(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F1(case)3.667 E F0 +(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 138 Q F1(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 150 R F2 .146 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb) -2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 162 Q F4(shopt)3.201 -E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the) --.25 F F4(DEB)3.2 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec) -3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand) -144 174 Q F1(ar)3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.644(cuted with the).15 F F4(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F4(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 186 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 204 R F1(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F2 -(ERR)3.461 E F3(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\ -gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ -ro e)144 216 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 228 -R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 -(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 -(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 240 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F4(while)2.887 -E F0(or)2.887 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 162 Q F4(shopt)3.2 E +F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 +F F4(DEB)3.2 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E +F0(is)3.51 E F2(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 +174 Q F1(ar)3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.643(cuted with the).15 F F4(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F4(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 186 Q -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 204 R F1(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F2(ERR) +3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961 +(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461 +(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(single s\ +imple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e) +144 216 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 228 R +.451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 +(mand list immediately follo)144 240 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F4(while)2.888 +E F0(or)2.888 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 264 R 1.28 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 264 R 1.28 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) 3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 276 Q(yed by the) @@ -2804,76 +2816,75 @@ F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 294 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 (being ignored are reset to their original v)144 306 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) -.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 318 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 334.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 346.8 S .174 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F1(name) -3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F4144 358.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F4(type)3.342 E F0 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 346.8 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1(name) +3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +F4144 358.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F4(type)3.343 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F1 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F1(name)144.36 370.8 Q F0 .087 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F1 -(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 +(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 370.8 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 382.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F42.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F4(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F42.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F4(type)2.618 E F0 .855 (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 394.8 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -406.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F4 -3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F2 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 418.8 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) -C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 -F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 -(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F4 -2.612 E F0(and)144 430.8 Q F43.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 -F .731 -(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F2 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F4 -144 442.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F4(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 -(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 -(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 454.8 R F4 -3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) +144 406.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F43.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F2 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .112(search for each)144 418.8 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 +(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 +-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) +.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F42.613 E +F0(and)144 430.8 Q F43.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F +.73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) +-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F4 +144 442.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F4(type)4.248 E F0 +1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E +.744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 454.8 R F4 +3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743 (The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) 144 466.8 R F43.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F43.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 478.8 R F4(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type) -5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 490.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 507.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) +144 478.8 R F4(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type) +5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 490.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 507.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 (\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -519.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 -(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +519.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 +(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 531.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F43.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F43.444 E F0 .944 +.944(that allo)144 531.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F43.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F43.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 543.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 543.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 555.6 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F42.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F42.926 E F0 .426 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 555.6 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F42.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F42.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 567.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 579.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4 +.742(of the special v)144 579.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F4 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 591.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 603.6 R F42.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 +F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 603.6 R F42.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F (limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 615.6 Q 2.5 (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4 @@ -2901,7 +2912,7 @@ E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 144 96 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 96 Q 2.5(ys) -.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 108 Q F0 .791 (The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not al\ -lo)180 108 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +lo)180 108 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F (be set\))180 120 Q F1144 132 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 132 Q F1 144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) @@ -2920,18 +2931,18 @@ Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468 (option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 -E .044(no option is gi)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 -2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 -292.8 R F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +E .045(no option is gi)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 +2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 +292.8 R F14.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 (hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 -4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C -1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 304.8 R 1.438 +4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C +1.589(hich are)-4.089 F 1.439(unscaled v)144 304.8 R 1.439 (alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F13.939 E F0(and)3.939 E -F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 316.8 R +F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.438(hich are in 512-byte increments.) +-3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 316.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 328.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E @@ -2941,15 +2952,15 @@ F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ pted by)144 369.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -381.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +381.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 393.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 405.6 Q F0 .551 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 417.6 Q +(mode)144.38 405.6 Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 417.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 (unalias)108 434.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 @@ -2960,59 +2971,72 @@ F(remo)144 458.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 (is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 475.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 487.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 -3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 487.2 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 +3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F13.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 499.2 Q F0 1.551 -(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 511.2 R F1 -4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 +(If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 499.2 Q F0 1.55 +(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 511.2 R F1 +4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 523.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 +F(remo)144 523.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 (is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 (be unset rather than the v)144 535.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F -.221(options are supplied, each)144 547.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 -(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 +2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 +(options are supplied, each)144 547.2 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 +(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 (tion with that name is unset.)144 559.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G -1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G +1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 (passed to subsequent commands.)144 571.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 -E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 583.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 583.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 +F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 595.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) -.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 612 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 624 S .027(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its\ - termination status.).8 F(Each)5.026 E F2(n)2.886 E F0 .026 -(may be a process ID)2.766 F .256 -(or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -.256(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G .256 -(ipeline are w)-2.756 F .256(aited for)-.1 F 5.256(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.256 E -F2(n)3.116 E F0 .318(is not gi)144 648 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .318 -(n, all currently acti).15 F .618 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .318 -(hild processes are w).15 F .318(aited for)-.1 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G .318 -(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .317(If the)5.317 F F1144 -660 Q F0 .361(option is supplied,)2.861 F F1(wait)2.861 E F0 -.1(wa) -2.861 G .361(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 -(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .362(xit status.)-.15 F(If) -5.362 E F2(n)3.222 E F0(speci\214es)3.102 E 2.596(an)144 672 S(on-e) --2.596 E .096(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F -.095(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .095(xit status)-.15 -F(of the last process or job w)144 684 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 700.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 +624 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\ +tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process) +3.929 F .009(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 636 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G +.008(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f) +-5.008 E F2(id)144.01 648 Q F0 .521(is not gi)3.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521 +(hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.522 E(the)144 660 Q F1 +3.057 E F0 .557(option is supplied,)3.057 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 +(wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557 +(ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .556 +(If the)5.556 F F13.056 E F0 .586 +(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 672 R F1(wait)3.086 +E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .587 +(to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .999 +(tus, intead of returning when it changes status.)144 684 R(If)5.999 E +F2(id)3.509 E F0 .999(speci\214es a non-e)4.269 F .998 +(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 696 R +.365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 +(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 708 +Q(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 24 24 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 84 Q +F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 96 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 +E(24)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/rbash.ps b/doc/rbash.ps index 244a4990..d1e8af5e 100644 --- a/doc/rbash.ps +++ b/doc/rbash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Wed Aug 31 10:24:00 2016 +%%CreationDate: Wed Feb 1 09:18:06 2017 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi index e47c17e4..3e05e246 100644 --- a/doc/version.texi +++ b/doc/version.texi @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ @ignore -Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore -@set LASTCHANGE Fri Dec 16 11:45:56 EST 2016 +@set LASTCHANGE Wed Feb 1 09:09:18 EST 2017 @set EDITION 4.4 @set VERSION 4.4 -@set UPDATED 16 December 2016 -@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2016 +@set UPDATED 1 February 2017 +@set UPDATED-MONTH February 2017 diff --git a/examples/loadables/Makefile.in b/examples/loadables/Makefile.in index 709f701e..a01290c6 100644 --- a/examples/loadables/Makefile.in +++ b/examples/loadables/Makefile.in @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ INC = -I. -I.. -I$(topdir) -I$(topdir)/lib -I$(topdir)/builtins -I${srcdir} \ ALLPROG = print truefalse sleep finfo logname basename dirname \ tty pathchk tee head mkdir rmdir printenv id whoami \ uname sync push ln unlink realpath strftime mypid setpgid -OTHERPROG = necho hello cat pushd stat rm +OTHERPROG = necho hello cat pushd stat rm fdflags all: $(SHOBJ_STATUS) @@ -145,6 +145,9 @@ cat: cat.o rm: rm.o $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ rm.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS) +fdflags: fdflags.o + $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ fdflags.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS) + logname: logname.o $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ logname.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS) diff --git a/examples/loadables/fdflags.c b/examples/loadables/fdflags.c new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f3094666 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/loadables/fdflags.c @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ +/* Loadable builtin to get and set file descriptor flags. */ + +/* See Makefile for compilation details. */ + +/* + Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of GNU Bash. + Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with Bash. If not, see . +*/ + +#include + +#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) +# include +#endif +#include +#include +#include "bashansi.h" +#include + +#include "loadables.h" + +static const struct +{ + const char *name; + int value; +} file_flags[] = +{ +#ifdef O_APPEND + { "append", O_APPEND }, +#endif +#ifdef O_ASYNC + { "async", O_ASYNC }, +#endif +#ifdef O_SYNC + { "sync", O_SYNC }, +#endif +#ifdef O_NONBLOCK + { "nonblock", O_NONBLOCK }, +#endif +#ifdef O_FSYNC + { "fsync", O_FSYNC }, +#endif +#ifdef O_DSYNC + { "dsync", O_DSYNC }, +#endif +#ifdef O_RSYNC + { "rsync", O_RSYNC }, +#endif +#ifdef O_ALT_IO + { "altio", O_ALT_IO }, +#endif +#ifdef O_DIRECT + { "direct", O_DIRECT }, +#endif +#ifdef O_NOATIME + { "noatime", O_NOATIME }, +#endif +#ifdef O_NOSIGPIPE + { "nosigpipe", O_NOSIGPIPE }, +#endif +#ifdef O_CLOEXEC + { "cloexec", O_CLOEXEC }, +#endif +}; + +#define N_FLAGS (sizeof (file_flags) / sizeof (file_flags[0])) + +#ifndef errno +extern int errno; +#endif + +/* FIX THIS */ +static int +getallflags () +{ + int i, allflags; + + for (i = allflags = 0; i < N_FLAGS; i++) + allflags |= file_flags[i].value; + return allflags; +} + +static int +getflags(int fd, int p) +{ + int c, f; + int allflags; + + if ((c = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD)) == -1) + { + if (p) + builtin_error("can't get status for fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno)); + return -1; + } + + if ((f = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL)) == -1) + { + if (p) + builtin_error("Can't get flags for fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno)); + return -1; + } + + if (c) + f |= O_CLOEXEC; + + return f & getallflags(); +} + +static void +printone(int fd, int p, int verbose) +{ + int f; + size_t i; + + if ((f = getflags(fd, p)) == -1) + return; + + printf ("%d:", fd); + + for (i = 0; i < N_FLAGS; i++) + { + if (f & file_flags[i].value) + { + printf ("%s%s", verbose ? "+" : "", file_flags[i].name); + f &= ~file_flags[i].value; + } + else if (verbose) + printf ( "-%s", file_flags[i].name); + else + continue; + + if (f || (verbose && i != N_FLAGS - 1)) + putchar (','); + } + printf ("\n"); +} + +static int +parseflags(char *s, int *p, int *n) +{ + int f, *v; + size_t i; + + f = 0; + *p = *n = 0; + + for (s = strtok(s, ","); s; s = strtok(NULL, ",")) + { + switch (*s) + { + case '+': + v = p; + s++; + break; + case '-': + v = n; + s++; + break; + default: + v = &f; + break; + } + + for (i = 0; i < N_FLAGS; i++) + if (strcmp(s, file_flags[i].name) == 0) + { + *v |= file_flags[i].value; + break; + } + if (i == N_FLAGS) + builtin_error("invalid flag `%s'", s); + } + + return f; +} + +static void +setone(int fd, char *v, int verbose) +{ + int f, n, pos, neg, cloexec; + + f = getflags(fd, 1); + if (f == -1) + return; + + parseflags(v, &pos, &neg); + + cloexec = -1; + if ((pos & O_CLOEXEC) && (f & O_CLOEXEC) == 0) + cloexec = FD_CLOEXEC; + if ((neg & O_CLOEXEC) && (f & O_CLOEXEC)) + cloexec = 0; + if (cloexec != -1 && fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, cloexec) == -1) + builtin_error("can't set status for fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno)); + + pos &= ~O_CLOEXEC; + neg &= ~O_CLOEXEC; + f &= ~O_CLOEXEC; + + n = f; + n |= pos; + n &= ~neg; + + if (n != f && fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, n) == -1) + builtin_error("can't set flags for fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno)); +} + +static int +getmaxfd () +{ + int maxfd, ignore; + +#ifdef F_MAXFD + maxfd = fcntl (0, F_MAXFD); + if (maxfd > 0) + return maxfd; +#endif + + maxfd = getdtablesize (); + if (maxfd <= 0) + maxfd = HIGH_FD_MAX; + for (maxfd--; maxfd > 0; maxfd--) + if (fcntl (maxfd, F_GETFD, &ignore) != -1) + break; + + return maxfd; +} + +int +fdflags_builtin (WORD_LIST *list) +{ + int opt, maxfd, i, num, verbose, setflag; + char *setspec; + WORD_LIST *l; + intmax_t inum; + + setflag = verbose = 0; + reset_internal_getopt (); + while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "s:v")) != -1) + { + switch (opt) + { + case 's': + setflag = 1; + setspec = list_optarg; + break; + case 'v': + verbose = 1; + break; + CASE_HELPOPT; + default: + builtin_usage (); + return (EX_USAGE); + } + + } + list = loptend; + + /* Maybe we could provide some default here, but we don't yet. */ + if (list == 0 && setflag) + return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); + + if (list == 0) + { + maxfd = getmaxfd (); + if (maxfd < 0) + { + builtin_error ("can't get max fd: %s", strerror (errno)); + return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); + } + for (i = 0; i < maxfd; i++) + printone (i, 0, verbose); + return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); + } + + opt = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; + for (l = list; l; l = l->next) + { + if (legal_number (l->word->word, &inum) == 0 || inum < 0) + { + builtin_error ("%s: invalid file descriptor", l->word->word); + opt = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + continue; + } + num = inum; /* truncate to int */ + if (setflag) + setone (num, setspec, verbose); + else + printone (num, 1, verbose); + } + + return (opt); +} + +char *fdflags_doc[] = +{ + "Display and modify file descriptor flags.", + "", + "Display or, if the -s option is supplied, set flags for each file", + "descriptor supplied as an argument. If the -v option is supplied,", + "the display is verbose, including each settable option name in the", + "form of a string such as that accepted by the -s option.", + "", + "The -s option accepts a string with a list of flag names, each preceded", + "by a `+' (set) or `-' (unset). Those changes are applied to each file", + "descriptor supplied as an argument.", + "", + "If no file descriptor arguments are supplied, the displayed information", + "consists of the status of flags for each of the shell's open files.", + (char *)NULL +}; + +/* The standard structure describing a builtin command. bash keeps an array + of these structures. The flags must include BUILTIN_ENABLED so the + builtin can be used. */ +struct builtin fdflags_struct = { + "fdflags", /* builtin name */ + fdflags_builtin, /* function implementing the builtin */ + BUILTIN_ENABLED, /* initial flags for builtin */ + fdflags_doc, /* array of long documentation strings. */ + "fdflags [-v] [-s flags_string] [fd ...]", /* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */ + 0 /* reserved for internal use */ +}; diff --git a/jobs.c b/jobs.c index 90a7f212..b9abebfe 100644 --- a/jobs.c +++ b/jobs.c @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ /* This file works with both POSIX and BSD systems. It implements job control. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1989-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1989-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -2321,8 +2321,8 @@ find_last_pid (job, block) This low-level function prints an error message if PID is not a child of this shell. It returns -1 if it fails, or whatever wait_for returns otherwise. If the child is not found in the - jobs table, it returns 127. If FLAGS doesn't include 1, we - suppress the error message if PID isn't found. */ + jobs table, it returns 127. If FLAGS doesn't include JWAIT_PERROR, + we suppress the error message if PID isn't found. */ int wait_for_single_pid (pid, flags) @@ -2331,7 +2331,7 @@ wait_for_single_pid (pid, flags) { register PROCESS *child; sigset_t set, oset; - int r, job; + int r, job, alive; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); child = find_pipeline (pid, 0, (int *)NULL); @@ -2346,12 +2346,23 @@ wait_for_single_pid (pid, flags) if (child == 0) { - if (flags & 1) + if (flags & JWAIT_PERROR) internal_error (_("wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"), (long)pid); return (127); } - r = wait_for (pid); + alive = 0; + do + { + r = wait_for (pid); + if ((flags & JWAIT_FORCE) == 0) + break; + + BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); + alive = PALIVE (child); + UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); + } + while (alive); /* POSIX.2: if we just waited for a job, we can remove it from the jobs table. */ @@ -2411,7 +2422,7 @@ wait_for_background_pids () UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); QUIT; errno = 0; /* XXX */ - r = wait_for_single_pid (pid, 1); + r = wait_for_single_pid (pid, JWAIT_PERROR); if (r == -1 && errno == ECHILD) { /* If we're mistaken about job state, compensate. */ @@ -2941,22 +2952,39 @@ wait_for_return: /* Wait for the last process in the pipeline for JOB. Returns whatever wait_for returns: the last process's termination state or -1 if there - are no unwaited-for child processes or an error occurs. */ + are no unwaited-for child processes or an error occurs. If FLAGS + includes JWAIT_FORCE, we wait for the job to terminate, no just change + state */ int -wait_for_job (job) +wait_for_job (job, flags) int job; { pid_t pid; - int r; + int r, state; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD(set, oset); - if (JOBSTATE (job) == JSTOPPED) + state = JOBSTATE (job); + if (state == JSTOPPED) internal_warning (_("wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"), job+1); pid = find_last_pid (job, 0); UNBLOCK_CHILD(oset); - r = wait_for (pid); + + do + { + r = wait_for (pid); + if (r == -1 && errno == ECHILD) + mark_all_jobs_as_dead (); + + if ((flags & JWAIT_FORCE) == 0) + break; + + BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); + state = (job != NO_JOB && jobs[job]) ? JOBSTATE (job) : JDEAD; + UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); + } + while (state != JDEAD); /* POSIX.2: we can remove the job from the jobs table if we just waited for it. */ @@ -2973,7 +3001,7 @@ wait_for_job (job) the next exiting job, -1 if there are no background jobs. The caller is responsible for translating -1 into the right return value. */ int -wait_for_any_job () +wait_for_any_job (flags) { pid_t pid; int i, r, waited_for; diff --git a/jobs.h b/jobs.h index ae1f4356..5c918abc 100644 --- a/jobs.h +++ b/jobs.h @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* jobs.h -- structures and definitions used by the jobs.c file. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1993-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1993-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ /* I looked it up. For pretty_print_job (). The real answer is 24. */ #define LONGEST_SIGNAL_DESC 24 +/* Defines for the wait_for functions and for the wait builtin to use */ +#define JWAIT_PERROR 0x01 +#define JWAIT_FORCE 0x02 + /* The max time to sleep while retrying fork() on EAGAIN failure */ #define FORKSLEEP_MAX 16 @@ -240,8 +244,8 @@ extern int job_exit_signal __P((int)); extern int wait_for_single_pid __P((pid_t, int)); extern void wait_for_background_pids __P((void)); extern int wait_for __P((pid_t)); -extern int wait_for_job __P((int)); -extern int wait_for_any_job __P((void)); +extern int wait_for_job __P((int, int)); +extern int wait_for_any_job __P((int)); extern void wait_sigint_cleanup __P((void)); diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/readline.3 b/lib/readline/doc/readline.3 index b371ee98..1257cdfa 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/readline.3 +++ b/lib/readline/doc/readline.3 @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Wed Nov 30 10:06:13 PST 2016 +.\" Last Change: Fri Feb 3 16:02:47 EST 2017 .\" -.TH READLINE 3 "2016 November 30" "GNU Readline 7.0" +.TH READLINE 3 "2017 February 3" "GNU Readline 7.0" .\" .\" File Name macro. This used to be `.PN', for Path Name, .\" but Sun doesn't seem to like that very much. @@ -771,6 +771,19 @@ alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). .TP +.B previous\-screen\-line +Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the previous +physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect if the current +Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if point is not +greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. +.TP +.B next\-screen\-line +Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next +physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect if the current +Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if the length +of the current Readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt +plus the screen width. +.TP .B clear\-screen (C\-l) Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi b/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi index 63a6b9d1..d0a87d1c 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi @@ -1138,6 +1138,19 @@ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. @end ifset +@item previous-screen-line () +Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the previous +physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect if the current +Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if point is not +greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. + +@item next-screen-line () +Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next +physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect if the current +Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if the length +of the current Readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt +plus the screen width. + @item clear-screen (C-l) Clear the screen and redraw the current line, leaving the current line at the top of the screen. diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/version.texi b/lib/readline/doc/version.texi index f74d6292..51d47968 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/version.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/version.texi @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ @ignore -Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore @set EDITION 7.0 @set VERSION 7.0 -@set UPDATED 30 November 2016 -@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2016 +@set UPDATED 3 February 2017 +@set UPDATED-MONTH February 2017 -@set LASTCHANGE Wed Nov 30 10:06:36 PST 2016 +@set LASTCHANGE Fri Feb 3 15:59:51 EST 2017 diff --git a/lib/readline/funmap.c b/lib/readline/funmap.c index 34b1d6ba..748d92d3 100644 --- a/lib/readline/funmap.c +++ b/lib/readline/funmap.c @@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ static const FUNMAP default_funmap[] = { { "menu-complete", rl_menu_complete }, { "menu-complete-backward", rl_backward_menu_complete }, { "next-history", rl_get_next_history }, + { "next-screen-line", rl_next_screen_line }, { "non-incremental-forward-search-history", rl_noninc_forward_search }, { "non-incremental-reverse-search-history", rl_noninc_reverse_search }, { "non-incremental-forward-search-history-again", rl_noninc_forward_search_again }, @@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ static const FUNMAP default_funmap[] = { #endif { "possible-completions", rl_possible_completions }, { "previous-history", rl_get_previous_history }, + { "previous-screen-line", rl_previous_screen_line }, { "print-last-kbd-macro", rl_print_last_kbd_macro }, { "quoted-insert", rl_quoted_insert }, { "re-read-init-file", rl_re_read_init_file }, diff --git a/lib/readline/input.c b/lib/readline/input.c index 10ce4e01..0ac642b1 100644 --- a/lib/readline/input.c +++ b/lib/readline/input.c @@ -450,14 +450,14 @@ rl_read_key () if (rl_pending_input) { - c = rl_pending_input; + c = rl_pending_input; /* XXX - cast to unsigned char if > 0? */ rl_clear_pending_input (); } else { /* If input is coming from a macro, then use that. */ if (c = _rl_next_macro_key ()) - return (c); + return ((unsigned char)c); /* If the user has an event function, then call it periodically. */ if (rl_event_hook) diff --git a/lib/readline/readline.h b/lib/readline/readline.h index bc1e5b52..8af4e62f 100644 --- a/lib/readline/readline.h +++ b/lib/readline/readline.h @@ -98,6 +98,9 @@ extern int rl_clear_screen PARAMS((int, int)); extern int rl_skip_csi_sequence PARAMS((int, int)); extern int rl_arrow_keys PARAMS((int, int)); +extern int rl_previous_screen_line PARAMS((int, int)); +extern int rl_next_screen_line PARAMS((int, int)); + /* Bindable commands for inserting and deleting text. */ extern int rl_insert PARAMS((int, int)); extern int rl_quoted_insert PARAMS((int, int)); diff --git a/lib/readline/text.c b/lib/readline/text.c index e57344ad..8043ba51 100644 --- a/lib/readline/text.c +++ b/lib/readline/text.c @@ -598,6 +598,24 @@ rl_clear_screen (count, key) return 0; } +int +rl_previous_screen_line (count, key) +{ + int c; + + c = _rl_term_autowrap ? _rl_screenwidth : (_rl_screenwidth + 1); + return (rl_backward_char (c, key)); +} + +int +rl_next_screen_line (count, key) +{ + int c; + + c = _rl_term_autowrap ? _rl_screenwidth : (_rl_screenwidth + 1); + return (rl_forward_char (c, key)); +} + int rl_skip_csi_sequence (count, key) int count, key; diff --git a/parse.y b/parse.y index 151f0c6d..171f2e29 100644 --- a/parse.y +++ b/parse.y @@ -3625,7 +3625,7 @@ parse_dollar_word: FREE (nestret); } - if MBTEST(ch == '$') + if MBTEST(ch == '$' && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) == 0) tflags |= LEX_WASDOL; else tflags &= ~LEX_WASDOL; @@ -4212,7 +4212,7 @@ eof_error: FREE (nestret); } - if MBTEST(ch == '$') + if MBTEST(ch == '$' && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) == 0) tflags |= LEX_WASDOL; else tflags &= ~LEX_WASDOL; diff --git a/tests/comsub1.sub b/tests/comsub1.sub index 216e03f1..b1af263b 100644 --- a/tests/comsub1.sub +++ b/tests/comsub1.sub @@ -52,3 +52,9 @@ echo $( # we just took and pasted in some # command substitution echo xyz ) + +# problem with parse_comsub through bash-4.4 +case $(echo $$'x\nx') in +x*) echo bad 7;; +*) echo ok 7;; +esac