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Chet Ramey
2011-12-07 09:21:48 -05:00
parent 1d0e1a34e0
commit 6a8fd0ed50
220 changed files with 27343 additions and 10005 deletions
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doc/bash.1
+97 -23
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@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
.\" Last Change: Thu Mar 27 22:15:12 EDT 2008
.\" Last Change: Sat Apr 12 17:15:24 EDT 2008
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
.TH BASH 1 "2008 April 5" "GNU Bash-3.2"
.TH BASH 1 "2008 April 12" "GNU Bash-3.2"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -6187,6 +6187,20 @@ The return status is false if
.I shell\-builtin
is not a shell builtin command.
.TP
\fBcaller\fP [\fIexpr\fP]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
a script executed with the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins.
Without \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP displays the line number and source
filename of the current subroutine call.
If a non-negative integer is supplied as \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP
displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
current frame is frame 0.
The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
call or \fIexpr\fP does not correspond to a valid position in the
call stack.
.TP
\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L|-P\fP] [\fIdir\fP]
Change the current directory to \fIdir\fP. The variable
.SM
@@ -6232,20 +6246,6 @@ written to the standard output.
The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed;
false otherwise.
.TP
\fBcaller\fP [\fIexpr\fP]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
a script executed with the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins.
Without \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP displays the line number and source
filename of the current subroutine call.
If a non-negative integer is supplied as \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP
displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
current frame is frame 0.
The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
call or \fIexpr\fP does not correspond to a valid position in the
call stack.
.TP
\fBcommand\fP [\fB\-pVv\fP] \fIcommand\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]
Run
.I command
@@ -6309,12 +6309,12 @@ will be displayed.
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no
matches were generated.
.TP
\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP]
\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-E\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP]
.br
[\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP] [\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP] [\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname ...\fP]
.PD 0
.TP
\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fIname\fP ...]
\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fB\-E\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
.PD
Specify how arguments to each \fIname\fP should be completed.
If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied, or if no options are supplied,
@@ -6323,6 +6323,9 @@ them to be reused as input.
The \fB\-r\fP option removes a completion specification for
each \fIname\fP, or, if no \fIname\fPs are supplied, all
completion specifications.
The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
.sp 1
The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
is attempted is described above under \fBProgrammable Completion\fP.
@@ -7139,7 +7142,7 @@ The return status is true unless a
.I name
is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
.TP
\fBhelp\fP [\fB\-s\fP] [\fIpattern\fP]
\fBhelp\fP [\fB\-dms\fP] [\fIpattern\fP]
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If
.I pattern
is specified,
@@ -7148,8 +7151,19 @@ gives detailed help on all commands matching
.IR pattern ;
otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures
is printed.
The \fB\-s\fP option restricts the information displayed to a short
usage synopsis.
.RS
.PD 0
.TP
.B \-d
Display a short description of each \fIpattern\fP
.TP
.B \ -m
Display the description of each \fIpattern\fP in a manpage-like format
.TP
.B \-s
Display only a short usage synopsis for each \fIpattern\fP
.PD
.RE
The return status is 0 unless no command matches
.IR pattern .
.TP
@@ -7375,6 +7389,66 @@ is supplied, or
.B logout
Exit a login shell.
.TP
\fBmapfile\fP [\fB\-n\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-O\fP \fIorigin\fP] [\fB\-s\fP \fIcou
nt\fP] [\fB\-t\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcallback\fP] [\fB\-c\fP \f
Iquantum\fP] [\fIarray\fP]
Read lines from the standard input into array variable
.IR array ,
or from file descriptor
.IR fd
if the
.B \-u
option is supplied.
The variable \fBMAPFILE\fP is the default \fIarray\fP.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
.RS
.PD 0
.TP
.B \-n
Copy at most
.I count
lines. If \fIcount\fP is 0, all lines are copied.
.TP
.B \-O
Begin assigning to
.I array
at index
.IR origin .
The default index is 0.
.TP
.B \-s
Discard the first \fIcount\fP lines read.
.TP
.B \-t
Remove a trailing line from each line read.
.TP
.B \-u
Read lines from file descriptor \fIfd\fP instead of the standard input.
.TP
.B \-C
Evaluate
.I callback
each time \fIquantum\fP lines are read. The \fB\-c\fP option specifies
.IR quantum .
.TP
.B \-c
Specify the number of lines read between each call to
.IR callback .
.PD
.PP
If
.B \-C
is specified without
.BR \-c ,
the default quantum is 5000.
.PP
If not supplied with an explicit origin, \fBmapfile\fP will clear \fIarray\fP
before assigning to it.
.PP
\fBmapfile\fP returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
argument is supplied, or \fIarray\fP is invalid or unassignable.
.RE
.TP
\fBpopd\fP [\-\fBn\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP]
Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a
@@ -8636,8 +8710,8 @@ The
.B \-f
option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the \fBcommand\fP builtin.
.B type
returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if
none are found.
returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if
any are not found.
.TP
\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-HSTabcdefilmnpqrstuvx\fP [\fIlimit\fP]]
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and to
doc/bash.1~
+41 -23
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@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
.\" Last Change: Thu Mar 27 22:15:12 EDT 2008
.\" Last Change: Sat Apr 12 17:15:24 EDT 2008
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
.TH BASH 1 "2008 April 5" "GNU Bash-3.2"
.TH BASH 1 "2008 April 12" "GNU Bash-3.2"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -4711,6 +4711,10 @@ If set to \fBon\fP, the history code attempts to place point at the
same location on each history line retrieved with \fBprevious-history\fP
or \fBnext-history\fP.
.TP
.B history\-size (0)
Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If
set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited.
.TP
.B horizontal\-scroll\-mode (Off)
When set to \fBOn\fP, makes readline use a single line for display,
scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
@@ -6183,6 +6187,20 @@ The return status is false if
.I shell\-builtin
is not a shell builtin command.
.TP
\fBcaller\fP [\fIexpr\fP]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
a script executed with the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins.
Without \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP displays the line number and source
filename of the current subroutine call.
If a non-negative integer is supplied as \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP
displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
current frame is frame 0.
The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
call or \fIexpr\fP does not correspond to a valid position in the
call stack.
.TP
\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L|-P\fP] [\fIdir\fP]
Change the current directory to \fIdir\fP. The variable
.SM
@@ -6228,20 +6246,6 @@ written to the standard output.
The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed;
false otherwise.
.TP
\fBcaller\fP [\fIexpr\fP]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
a script executed with the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins.
Without \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP displays the line number and source
filename of the current subroutine call.
If a non-negative integer is supplied as \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP
displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
current frame is frame 0.
The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
call or \fIexpr\fP does not correspond to a valid position in the
call stack.
.TP
\fBcommand\fP [\fB\-pVv\fP] \fIcommand\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]
Run
.I command
@@ -6305,12 +6309,12 @@ will be displayed.
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no
matches were generated.
.TP
\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP]
\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-E\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP]
.br
[\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP] [\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP] [\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname ...\fP]
.PD 0
.TP
\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fIname\fP ...]
\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fB\-E\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
.PD
Specify how arguments to each \fIname\fP should be completed.
If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied, or if no options are supplied,
@@ -6319,6 +6323,9 @@ them to be reused as input.
The \fB\-r\fP option removes a completion specification for
each \fIname\fP, or, if no \fIname\fPs are supplied, all
completion specifications.
The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
.sp 1
The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
is attempted is described above under \fBProgrammable Completion\fP.
@@ -7135,7 +7142,7 @@ The return status is true unless a
.I name
is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
.TP
\fBhelp\fP [\fB\-s\fP] [\fIpattern\fP]
\fBhelp\fP [\fB\-dms\fP] [\fIpattern\fP]
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If
.I pattern
is specified,
@@ -7144,8 +7151,19 @@ gives detailed help on all commands matching
.IR pattern ;
otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures
is printed.
The \fB\-s\fP option restricts the information displayed to a short
usage synopsis.
.RS
.PD 0
.TP
.B \-d
Display a short description of each \fIpattern\fP
.TP
.B \ -m
Display the description of each \fIpattern\fP in a manpage-like format
.TP
.B \-s
Display only a short usage synopsis for each \fIpattern\fP
.PD
.RE
The return status is 0 unless no command matches
.IR pattern .
.TP
@@ -8632,8 +8650,8 @@ The
.B \-f
option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the \fBcommand\fP builtin.
.B type
returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if
none are found.
returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if
any are not found.
.TP
\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-HSTabcdefilmnpqrstuvx\fP [\fIlimit\fP]]
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and to
doc/bash.html
+66 -20
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@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 February 22<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 April 5<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
@@ -798,13 +798,9 @@ command to terminate in turn. The return status is the
exit status of the last command executed.
<P>
The control operators
<B>&amp;&amp;</B>
and
<B>||</B>
denote AND lists and OR lists, respectively.
AND and OR lists are sequences of one of more pipelines separated by the
<B>&amp;&amp;</B> and <B>||</B> control operators, respectively.
AND and OR lists are executed with left associativity.
An AND list has the form
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<P>
@@ -838,7 +834,8 @@ An OR list has the form
is executed if and only if
<I>command1</I>
returns a non-zero exit status. The return status of
returns a non-zero exit status.
The return status of
AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last command
executed in the list.
<A NAME="lbAO">&nbsp;</A>
@@ -1632,14 +1629,14 @@ Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of
<DT><B>BASHPID</B>
<DD>
Expands to the process id of the current bash process.
Expands to the process id of the current <B>bash</B> process.
This differs from <B>$$</B> under certain circumstances, such as subshells
that do not require bash to be re-initialized.
that do not require <B>bash</B> to be re-initialized.
<DT><B>BASH_ARGC</B>
<DD>
An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
frame of the current bash execution call stack.
frame of the current <B>bash</B> execution call stack.
The number of
parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
with <B>.</B> or <B>source</B>) is at the top of the stack.
@@ -1656,7 +1653,7 @@ builtin below)
<DT><B>BASH_ARGV</B>
<DD>
An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash
An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current <B>bash</B>
execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
@@ -6130,6 +6127,11 @@ attempts word completion.
If set to <B>on</B>, the history code attempts to place point at the
same location on each history line retrieved with <B>previous-history</B>
or <B>next-history</B>.
<DT><B>history-size (0)</B>
<DD>
Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If
set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited.
<DT><B>horizontal-scroll-mode (Off)</B>
<DD>
@@ -8390,6 +8392,21 @@ a <I>name</I> for which no specification exists, or
an error occurs adding a completion specification.
</DL>
<DT><B>compopt</B> [<B>-o</B> <I>option</I>] [<B>+o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>name</I>]<DD>
Modify completion options for each <I>name</I> according to the
<I>option</I>s, or for the
currently-execution completion if no <I>name</I>s are supplied.
If no <I>option</I>s are given, display the completion options for each
<I>name</I> or the current completion.
The possible values of <I>option</I> are those valid for the <B>complete</B>
builtin described above.
</DL>
<P>
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt
is made to modify the options for a <I>name</I> for which no completion
specification exists, or an output error occurs.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><B>continue</B> [<I>n</I>]<DD>
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing
<B>for</B>,
@@ -8432,7 +8449,16 @@ option will display the attributes and values of each
When
<B>-p</B>
is used, additional options are ignored.
is used with <I>name</I> arguments, additional options are ignored.
When
<B>-p</B>
is supplied without <I>name</I> arguments, it will display the attributes
and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the
additional options.
If no other options are supplied with <B>-p</B>, <B>declare</B> will display
the attributes and values of all shell variables. The <B>-f</B> option
will restrict the display to shell functions.
The
<B>-F</B>
@@ -9619,7 +9645,7 @@ option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.
The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while
reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
<DT><B>read</B> [<B>-ers</B>] [<B>-a</B> <I>aname</I>] [<B>-d</B> <I>delim</I>] [<B>-n</B> <I>nchars</I>] [<B>-p</B> <I>prompt</I>] [<B>-t</B> <I>timeout</I>] [<B>-u</B> <I>fd</I>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
<DT><B>read</B> [<B>-ers</B>] [<B>-a</B> <I>aname</I>] [<B>-d</B> <I>delim</I>] [- <I>text</I>] [<B>-n</B> <I>nchars</I>] [<B>-p</B> <I>prompt</I>] [<B>-t</B> <I>timeout</I>] [<B>-u</B> <I>fd</I>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
<I>fd</I> supplied as an argument to the <B>-u</B> option, and the first word
is assigned to the first
@@ -9674,6 +9700,14 @@ is coming from a terminal,
</FONT>
above) is used to obtain the line.
<DT><B>-i </B><I>text</I>
<DD>
If
<B>readline</B>
is being used to read the line, <I>text</I> is placed into the editing
buffer before editing begins.
<DT><B>-n </B><I>nchars</I>
<DD>
@@ -10367,7 +10401,7 @@ longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
<DT><B>checkjobs</B>
<DD>
If set, bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
If set, <B>bash</B> lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
intervening command (see <B>JOB CONTROL</B> above). The shell always
@@ -11047,7 +11081,7 @@ option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the <B>command</B> builtin.
returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if
none are found.
<DT><B>ulimit</B> [<B>-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx</B> [<I>limit</I>]]<DD>
<DT><B>ulimit</B> [<B>-HSTabcdefilmnpqrstuvx</B> [<I>limit</I>]]<DD>
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and to
processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The <B>-H</B> and <B>-S</B> options specify that the hard or soft limit is
@@ -11084,6 +11118,10 @@ Other options are interpreted as follows:
<DD>
All current limits are reported
<DT><B>-b</B>
<DD>
The maximum socket buffer size
<DT><B>-c</B>
<DD>
@@ -11149,6 +11187,10 @@ The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell
<DD>
The maximum number of file locks
<DT><B>-T</B>
<DD>
The maximum number of threads
</DL>
<P>
@@ -11171,7 +11213,11 @@ which is in seconds,
which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
and
<B>-n</B>
<B>-T</B>,
<B>-b</B>,
<B>-n</B>,
and
<B>-u</B>,
@@ -11571,7 +11617,7 @@ Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-3.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 February 22<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-3.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 April 5<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
@@ -11675,6 +11721,6 @@ Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
Time: 04 March 2008 08:38:15 EST
Time: 08 April 2008 09:50:33 EDT
</BODY>
</HTML>
doc/bash.pdf
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+4214 -4172
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@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{94}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.1}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{99}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{100}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.2}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{100}
doc/bashref.bt
+2 -1
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@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
\entry{enable}{45}{\code {enable}}
\entry{help}{45}{\code {help}}
\entry{let}{45}{\code {let}}
\entry{local}{45}{\code {local}}
\entry{local}{46}{\code {local}}
\entry{logout}{46}{\code {logout}}
\entry{printf}{46}{\code {printf}}
\entry{read}{46}{\code {read}}
@@ -52,5 +52,6 @@
\entry{suspend}{89}{\code {suspend}}
\entry{compgen}{113}{\code {compgen}}
\entry{complete}{113}{\code {complete}}
\entry{compopt}{116}{\code {compopt}}
\entry{fc}{118}{\code {fc}}
\entry{history}{118}{\code {history}}
doc/bashref.bts
+2 -1
View File
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
\entry {\code {command}}{43}
\entry {\code {compgen}}{113}
\entry {\code {complete}}{113}
\entry {\code {compopt}}{116}
\entry {\code {continue}}{36}
\initial {D}
\entry {\code {declare}}{43}
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@
\entry {\code {kill}}{89}
\initial {L}
\entry {\code {let}}{45}
\entry {\code {local}}{45}
\entry {\code {local}}{46}
\entry {\code {logout}}{46}
\initial {P}
\entry {\code {popd}}{80}
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+256 -213
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@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from
/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from
/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 3.2, 22 February 2008).
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 3.2, 5 April 2008).
This is Edition 3.2, last updated 22 February 2008, of `The GNU Bash
This is Edition 3.2, last updated 5 April 2008, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ Bash Features
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 3.2, 22 February 2008).
the Bash shell (version 3.2, 5 April 2008).
This is Edition 3.2, last updated 22 February 2008, of `The GNU Bash
This is Edition 3.2, last updated 5 April 2008, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ reads and executes a command. Basically, the shell does the following:
Invoking Bash::), or from the user's terminal.
2. Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting
rules described in *Note Quoting::. These tokens are separated by
rules described in *note Quoting::. These tokens are separated by
`metacharacters'. Alias expansion is performed by this step
(*note Aliases::).
@@ -616,8 +616,11 @@ redirected from `/dev/null'.
waits for each command to terminate in turn. The return status is the
exit status of the last command executed.
The control operators `&&' and `||' denote AND lists and OR lists,
respectively. An AND list has the form
AND and OR lists are sequences of one or more pipelines separated by
the control operators `&&' and `||', respectively. AND and OR lists
are executed with left associativity.
An AND list has the form
COMMAND1 && COMMAND2
COMMAND2 is executed if, and only if, COMMAND1 returns an exit status
@@ -746,7 +749,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Pre
`case' will selectively execute the COMMAND-LIST corresponding to
the first PATTERN that matches WORD. If the shell option
`nocasematch' (see the description of `shopt' in *Note The Shopt
`nocasematch' (see the description of `shopt' in *note The Shopt
Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed without regard to
the case of alphabetic characters. The `|' is used to separate
multiple patterns, and the `)' operator terminates a pattern list.
@@ -824,7 +827,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Pre
Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
conditional expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of
the primaries described below in *Note Bash Conditional
the primaries described below in *note Bash Conditional
Expressions::. Word splitting and filename expansion are not
performed on the words between the `[[' and `]]'; tilde expansion,
parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command
@@ -834,9 +837,9 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Pre
When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right
of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to
the rules described below in *Note Pattern Matching::. If the
the rules described below in *note Pattern Matching::. If the
shell option `nocasematch' (see the description of `shopt' in
*Note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed
*note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed
without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return
value is 0 if the string matches (`==') or does not match
(`!=')the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may
@@ -849,7 +852,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Pre
the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular
expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
expression's return value is 2. If the shell option `nocasematch'
(see the description of `shopt' in *Note The Shopt Builtin::) is
(see the description of `shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is
enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of
alphabetic characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to
force it to be matched as a string. Substrings matched by
@@ -1016,7 +1019,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Parameters, Next: Shell Expansions, Prev: She
number, or one of the special characters listed below. A VARIABLE is a
parameter denoted by a `name'. A variable has a VALUE and zero or more
ATTRIBUTES. Attributes are assigned using the `declare' builtin command
(see the description of the `declare' builtin in *Note Bash Builtins::).
(see the description of the `declare' builtin in *note Bash Builtins::).
A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string
is a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
@@ -1595,7 +1598,7 @@ matched explicitly, unless the shell option `dotglob' is set. When
matching a file name, the slash character must always be matched
explicitly. In other cases, the `.' character is not treated specially.
See the description of `shopt' in *Note The Shopt Builtin::, for a
See the description of `shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::, for a
description of the `nocaseglob', `nullglob', `failglob', and `dotglob'
options.
@@ -1977,7 +1980,7 @@ taken.
1. If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
function is invoked as described in *Note Shell Functions::.
function is invoked as described in *note Shell Functions::.
2. If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for it
in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin
@@ -1988,7 +1991,7 @@ taken.
directory containing an executable file by that name. Bash uses a
hash table to remember the full pathnames of executable files to
avoid multiple `PATH' searches (see the description of `hash' in
*Note Bourne Shell Builtins::). A full search of the directories
*note Bourne Shell Builtins::). A full search of the directories
in `$PATH' is performed only if the command is not found in the
hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an
error message and returns an exit status of 127.
@@ -2001,7 +2004,7 @@ taken.
5. If this execution fails because the file is not in executable
format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a
SHELL SCRIPT and the shell executes it as described in *Note Shell
SHELL SCRIPT and the shell executes it as described in *note Shell
Scripts::.
6. If the command was not begun asynchronously, the shell waits for
@@ -2105,7 +2108,7 @@ modified in the shell, less any pairs removed by the `unset' and
The environment for any simple command or function may be augmented
temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described in
*Note Shell Parameters::. These assignment statements affect only the
*note Shell Parameters::. These assignment statements affect only the
environment seen by that command.
If the `-k' option is set (*note The Set Builtin::), then all
@@ -2225,7 +2228,7 @@ if `filename' is an executable shell script. This subshell
reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been
invoked to interpret the script, with the exception that the locations
of commands remembered by the parent (see the description of `hash' in
*Note Bourne Shell Builtins::) are retained by the child.
*note Bourne Shell Builtins::) are retained by the child.
Most versions of Unix make this a part of the operating system's
command execution mechanism. If the first line of a script begins with
@@ -2500,7 +2503,7 @@ standard.
`['
Evaluate a conditional expression EXPR. Each operator and operand
must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the
primaries described below in *Note Bash Conditional Expressions::.
primaries described below in *note Bash Conditional Expressions::.
`test' does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of `--' as signifying the end of options.
@@ -2654,7 +2657,7 @@ POSIX standard.
of aliases on the standard output in a form that allows them to be
reused as input. If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined
for each NAME whose VALUE is given. If no VALUE is given, the name
and value of the alias is printed. Aliases are described in *Note
and value of the alias is printed. Aliases are described in *note
Aliases::.
`bind'
@@ -2779,13 +2782,22 @@ POSIX standard.
given, then display the values of variables instead.
The `-p' option will display the attributes and values of each
NAME. When `-p' is used, additional options are ignored. The
`-F' option inhibits the display of function definitions; only the
function name and attributes are printed. If the `extdebug' shell
option is enabled using `shopt' (*note The Shopt Builtin::), the
source file name and line number where the function is defined are
displayed as well. `-F' implies `-f'. The following options can
be used to restrict output to variables with the specified
NAME. When `-p' is used with NAME arguments, additional options
are ignored.
When `-p' is supplied without NAME arguments, `declare' will
display the attributes and values of all variables having the
attributes specified by the additional options. If no other
options are supplied with `-p', `declare' will display the
attributes and values of all shell variables. The `-f' option
will restrict the display to shell functions.
The `-F' option inhibits the display of function definitions; only
the function name and attributes are printed. If the `extdebug'
shell option is enabled using `shopt' (*note The Shopt Builtin::),
the source file name and line number where the function is defined
are displayed as well. `-F' implies `-f'. The following options
can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified
attributes or to give variables attributes:
`-a'
@@ -2922,7 +2934,7 @@ POSIX standard.
let EXPRESSION [EXPRESSION]
The `let' builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
variables. Each EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules
given below in *Note Shell Arithmetic::. If the last EXPRESSION
given below in *note Shell Arithmetic::. If the last EXPRESSION
evaluates to 0, `let' returns 1; otherwise 0 is returned.
`local'
@@ -2965,7 +2977,7 @@ POSIX standard.
success, non-zero on failure.
`read'
read [-ers] [-a ANAME] [-d DELIM] [-n NCHARS] [-p PROMPT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-u FD] [NAME ...]
read [-ers] [-a ANAME] [-d DELIM] [-i TEXT] [-n NCHARS] [-p PROMPT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-u FD] [NAME ...]
One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
descriptor FD supplied as an argument to the `-u' option, and the
first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second word to the
@@ -2996,6 +3008,10 @@ POSIX standard.
Readline (*note Command Line Editing::) is used to obtain the
line.
`-i TEXT'
If Readline is being used to read the line, TEXT is placed
into the editing buffer before editing begins.
`-n NCHARS'
`read' returns after reading NCHARS characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input.
@@ -3067,7 +3083,7 @@ POSIX standard.
builtin command.
`ulimit'
ulimit [-acdefilmnpqrstuvxSH] [LIMIT]
ulimit [-abcdefilmnpqrstuvxHST] [LIMIT]
`ulimit' provides control over the resources available to processes
started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an
option is given, it is interpreted as follows:
@@ -3080,6 +3096,9 @@ POSIX standard.
`-a'
All current limits are reported.
`-b'
The maximum socket buffer size.
`-c'
The maximum size of core files created.
@@ -3129,6 +3148,9 @@ POSIX standard.
`-x'
The maximum number of file locks.
`-T'
The maximum number of threads.
If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource;
the special LIMIT values `hard', `soft', and `unlimited' stand for
@@ -3150,7 +3172,7 @@ POSIX standard.
unalias [-a] [NAME ... ]
Remove each NAME from the list of aliases. If `-a' is supplied,
all aliases are removed. Aliases are described in *Note Aliases::.
all aliases are removed. Aliases are described in *note Aliases::.

@@ -3260,7 +3282,7 @@ parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables.
Same as `-H'.
`history'
Enable command history, as described in *Note Bash
Enable command history, as described in *note Bash
History Facilities::. This option is on by default in
interactive shells.
@@ -3523,7 +3545,7 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior.
`expand_aliases'
If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases,
*Note Aliases::. This option is enabled by default for
*note Aliases::. This option is enabled by default for
interactive shells.
`extdebug'
@@ -3701,7 +3723,7 @@ respects:
When Bash is not executing in POSIX mode, these builtins behave no
differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands. The Bash POSIX
mode is described in *Note Bash POSIX Mode::.
mode is described in *note Bash POSIX Mode::.
These are the POSIX special builtins:
break : . continue eval exec exit export readonly return set
@@ -3807,7 +3829,7 @@ Variables::).
executed with `.' or `source') is at the top of the stack. When a
subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed
onto `BASH_ARGC'. The shell sets `BASH_ARGC' only when in
extended debugging mode (see *Note The Shopt Builtin:: for a
extended debugging mode (see *note The Shopt Builtin:: for a
description of the `extdebug' option to the `shopt' builtin).
`BASH_ARGV'
@@ -3816,7 +3838,7 @@ Variables::).
subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of
the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed,
the parameters supplied are pushed onto `BASH_ARGV'. The shell
sets `BASH_ARGV' only when in extended debugging mode (see *Note
sets `BASH_ARGV' only when in extended debugging mode (see *note
The Shopt Builtin:: for a description of the `extdebug' option to
the `shopt' builtin).
@@ -4332,9 +4354,9 @@ the single-character options to be recognized.
`--debugger'
Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see *Note The Shopt
starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see *note The Shopt
Builtin:: for a description of the `extdebug' option to the `shopt'
builtin) and shell function tracing (see *Note The Set Builtin::
builtin) and shell function tracing (see *note The Set Builtin::
for a description of the `-o functrace' option).
`--dump-po-strings'
@@ -4397,7 +4419,7 @@ invocation which are not available with the `set' builtin.
`-i'
Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are
described in *Note Interactive Shells::.
described in *note Interactive Shells::.
`-l'
Make this shell act as if it had been directly invoked by login.
@@ -4468,7 +4490,7 @@ the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error. Tildes are
expanded in file names as described above under Tilde Expansion (*note
Tilde Expansion::).
Interactive shells are described in *Note Interactive Shells::.
Interactive shells are described in *note Interactive Shells::.
Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with `--login'
........................................................
@@ -4631,7 +4653,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Interactive Shell Behavior, Prev: Is this Shell Inte
When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in
several ways.
1. Startup files are read and executed as described in *Note Bash
1. Startup files are read and executed as described in *note Bash
Startup Files::.
2. Job Control (*note Job Control::) is enabled by default. When job
@@ -4697,7 +4719,7 @@ several ways.
20. Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the `cd'
builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the `cdspell'
option to the `shopt' builtin in *Note The Shopt Builtin::).
option to the `shopt' builtin in *note The Shopt Builtin::).
21. The shell will check the value of the `TMOUT' variable and exit if
a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after
@@ -5593,7 +5615,7 @@ reports such changes immediately (*note The Set Builtin::). Any trap
on `SIGCHLD' is executed for each child process that exits.
If an attempt to exit Bash is made while jobs are stopped, (or
running, if the `checkjobs' option is enabled - see *Note The Shopt
running, if the `checkjobs' option is enabled - see *note The Shopt
Builtin::), the shell prints a warning message, and if the `checkjobs'
option is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The `jobs'
command may then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt
@@ -6138,6 +6160,11 @@ Variable Settings
history line retrieved with `previous-history' or
`next-history'. The default is `off'.
`history-size'
Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the
history list. If set to zero, the number of entries in the
history list is not limited.
`horizontal-scroll-mode'
This variable can be set to either `on' or `off'. Setting it
to `on' means that the text of the lines being edited will
@@ -7131,10 +7158,10 @@ generated completions against the word being completed is performed;
the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
Any function specified with `-F' is invoked first. The function may
use any of the shell facilities, including the `compgen' builtin
described below (*note Programmable Completion Builtins::), to generate
the matches. It must put the possible completions in the `COMPREPLY'
array variable.
use any of the shell facilities, including the `compgen' and `compopt'
builtins described below (*note Programmable Completion Builtins::), to
generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the
`COMPREPLY' array variable.
Next, any command specified with the `-C' option is invoked in an
environment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list
@@ -7389,7 +7416,19 @@ completion facilities.
for a NAME for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
`compopt'
`compopt' [-o OPTION] [+o OPTION] [NAME]
Modify completion options for each NAME according to the OPTIONs,
or for the currently-execution completion if no NAMEs are supplied.
If no OPTIONs are given, display the completion options for each
NAME or the current completion. The possible values of OPTION are
those valid for the `complete' builtin described above.
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an
attempt is made to modify the options for a NAME for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.

File: bashref.info, Node: Using History Interactively, Next: Installing Bash, Prev: Command Line Editing, Up: Top
@@ -8094,7 +8133,7 @@ does not provide the necessary support.
`--enable-brace-expansion'
Include `csh'-like brace expansion ( `b{a,b}c' ==> `bac bbc' ).
See *Note Brace Expansion::, for a complete description.
See *note Brace Expansion::, for a complete description.
`--enable-command-timing'
Include support for recognizing `time' as a reserved word and for
@@ -8120,7 +8159,7 @@ does not provide the necessary support.
`--enable-disabled-builtins'
Allow builtin commands to be invoked via `builtin xxx' even after
`xxx' has been disabled using `enable -n xxx'. See *Note Bash
`xxx' has been disabled using `enable -n xxx'. See *note Bash
Builtins::, for details of the `builtin' and `enable' builtin
commands.
@@ -8130,7 +8169,7 @@ does not provide the necessary support.
`--enable-extended-glob'
Include support for the extended pattern matching features
described above under *Note Pattern Matching::.
described above under *note Pattern Matching::.
`--enable-help-builtin'
Include the `help' builtin, which displays help on shell builtins
@@ -8165,7 +8204,7 @@ does not provide the necessary support.
`--enable-prompt-string-decoding'
Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped
characters in the `$PS1', `$PS2', `$PS3', and `$PS4' prompt
strings. See *Note Printing a Prompt::, for a complete list of
strings. See *note Printing a Prompt::, for a complete list of
prompt string escape sequences.
`--enable-readline'
@@ -8174,7 +8213,7 @@ does not provide the necessary support.
`--enable-restricted'
Include support for a "restricted shell". If this is enabled,
Bash, when called as `rbash', enters a restricted mode. See *Note
Bash, when called as `rbash', enters a restricted mode. See *note
The Restricted Shell::, for a description of restricted mode.
`--enable-select'
@@ -8272,8 +8311,8 @@ the baseline reference.
the `bind' builtin.
* Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism (*note
Programmable Completion::), and two builtin commands, `complete'
and `compgen', to manipulate it.
Programmable Completion::), and builtin commands `complete',
`compgen', and `compopt', to manipulate it.
* Bash has command history (*note Bash History Facilities::) and the
`history' and `fc' builtins to manipulate it. The Bash history
@@ -8565,7 +8604,7 @@ the baseline reference.
* The SVR4.2 `sh' uses a `TIMEOUT' variable like Bash uses `TMOUT'.
More features unique to Bash may be found in *Note Bash Features::.
More features unique to Bash may be found in *note Bash Features::.
B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell
====================================================
@@ -9088,6 +9127,8 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
(line 10)
* complete: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 28)
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 210)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 55)
* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 136)
@@ -9095,8 +9136,8 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
(line 7)
* disown: Job Control Builtins.
(line 83)
* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 193)
* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 245)
* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 202)
* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 254)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 63)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -9113,24 +9154,24 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
(line 103)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 145)
* help: Bash Builtins. (line 273)
* help: Bash Builtins. (line 282)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 39)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
(line 25)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
(line 57)
* let: Bash Builtins. (line 282)
* local: Bash Builtins. (line 289)
* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 299)
* let: Bash Builtins. (line 291)
* local: Bash Builtins. (line 298)
* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 308)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 37)
* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 303)
* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 312)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 58)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 163)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 328)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 337)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 172)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -9139,7 +9180,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 200)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 389)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 402)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 94)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -9148,12 +9189,12 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
(line 280)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 285)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 393)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 424)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 430)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 406)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 437)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 443)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 326)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 510)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 529)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 343)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
@@ -9279,12 +9320,14 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 261)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 96)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 102)
* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 280)
* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 284)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 102)
(line 107)
* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 293)
* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 304)
* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 307)
@@ -9292,12 +9335,12 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
(line 18)
* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 310)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 109)
(line 114)
* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 320)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 116)
(line 121)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 123)
(line 128)
* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 324)
* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 328)
* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 332)
@@ -9314,13 +9357,13 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 27)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 136)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 141)
* match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax.
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 146)
* match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 151)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 109)
(line 114)
* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 373)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 34)
@@ -9329,9 +9372,9 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
(line 38)
* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 380)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 153)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 158)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 163)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 42)
* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 383)
@@ -9352,9 +9395,9 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 438)
* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 447)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 168)
(line 173)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 174)
(line 179)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 452)
@@ -9362,7 +9405,7 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 502)
* UID: Bash Variables. (line 506)
* visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 183)
(line 188)

File: bashref.info, Node: Function Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Variable Index, Up: Indexes
@@ -9549,7 +9592,7 @@ D.5 Concept Index
* history list: Bash History Facilities.
(line 6)
* History, how to use: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 209)
(line 222)
* identifier: Definitions. (line 50)
* initialization file, readline: Readline Init File. (line 6)
* installation: Basic Installation. (line 6)
@@ -9626,131 +9669,131 @@ D.5 Concept Index

Tag Table:
Node: Top1350
Node: Introduction3189
Node: What is Bash?3417
Node: What is a shell?4530
Node: Definitions7070
Node: Basic Shell Features9839
Node: Shell Syntax11058
Node: Shell Operation12088
Node: Quoting13382
Node: Escape Character14685
Node: Single Quotes15170
Node: Double Quotes15518
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16643
Node: Locale Translation17599
Node: Comments18495
Node: Shell Commands19113
Node: Simple Commands19879
Node: Pipelines20510
Node: Lists22385
Node: Compound Commands24016
Node: Looping Constructs24800
Node: Conditional Constructs27247
Node: Command Grouping34807
Node: Shell Functions36286
Node: Shell Parameters40747
Node: Positional Parameters43077
Node: Special Parameters43977
Node: Shell Expansions46941
Node: Brace Expansion48866
Node: Tilde Expansion51192
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion53543
Node: Command Substitution61243
Node: Arithmetic Expansion62576
Node: Process Substitution63426
Node: Word Splitting64476
Node: Filename Expansion66099
Node: Pattern Matching68239
Node: Quote Removal71557
Node: Redirections71852
Node: Executing Commands79582
Node: Simple Command Expansion80252
Node: Command Search and Execution82182
Node: Command Execution Environment84188
Node: Environment86987
Node: Exit Status88647
Node: Signals90268
Node: Shell Scripts92236
Node: Shell Builtin Commands94754
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins96431
Node: Bash Builtins113661
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior133791
Node: The Set Builtin134136
Node: The Shopt Builtin142984
Node: Special Builtins153392
Node: Shell Variables154371
Node: Bourne Shell Variables154811
Node: Bash Variables156792
Node: Bash Features178164
Node: Invoking Bash179047
Node: Bash Startup Files184856
Node: Interactive Shells189825
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?190235
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?190884
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior191699
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions194979
Node: Shell Arithmetic198558
Node: Aliases201304
Node: Arrays203876
Node: The Directory Stack207225
Node: Directory Stack Builtins207939
Node: Printing a Prompt210831
Node: The Restricted Shell213545
Node: Bash POSIX Mode215377
Node: Job Control223136
Node: Job Control Basics223596
Node: Job Control Builtins228105
Node: Job Control Variables232432
Node: Command Line Editing233590
Node: Introduction and Notation234585
Node: Readline Interaction236207
Node: Readline Bare Essentials237398
Node: Readline Movement Commands239187
Node: Readline Killing Commands240152
Node: Readline Arguments242072
Node: Searching243116
Node: Readline Init File245302
Node: Readline Init File Syntax246449
Node: Conditional Init Constructs258824
Node: Sample Init File261357
Node: Bindable Readline Commands264474
Node: Commands For Moving265681
Node: Commands For History266542
Node: Commands For Text269697
Node: Commands For Killing272370
Node: Numeric Arguments274512
Node: Commands For Completion275651
Node: Keyboard Macros279244
Node: Miscellaneous Commands279815
Node: Readline vi Mode285126
Node: Programmable Completion286040
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins291858
Node: Using History Interactively299454
Node: Bash History Facilities300138
Node: Bash History Builtins303052
Node: History Interaction306909
Node: Event Designators309614
Node: Word Designators310629
Node: Modifiers312268
Node: Installing Bash313672
Node: Basic Installation314809
Node: Compilers and Options317501
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures318242
Node: Installation Names319906
Node: Specifying the System Type320724
Node: Sharing Defaults321440
Node: Operation Controls322113
Node: Optional Features323071
Node: Reporting Bugs332002
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell333196
Node: GNU Free Documentation License349876
Node: Indexes372337
Node: Builtin Index372791
Node: Reserved Word Index379324
Node: Variable Index381772
Node: Function Index392936
Node: Concept Index399668
Node: Top1344
Node: Introduction3175
Node: What is Bash?3403
Node: What is a shell?4516
Node: Definitions7056
Node: Basic Shell Features9825
Node: Shell Syntax11044
Node: Shell Operation12074
Node: Quoting13368
Node: Escape Character14671
Node: Single Quotes15156
Node: Double Quotes15504
Node: ANSI-C Quoting16629
Node: Locale Translation17585
Node: Comments18481
Node: Shell Commands19099
Node: Simple Commands19865
Node: Pipelines20496
Node: Lists22371
Node: Compound Commands24100
Node: Looping Constructs24884
Node: Conditional Constructs27331
Node: Command Grouping34891
Node: Shell Functions36370
Node: Shell Parameters40831
Node: Positional Parameters43161
Node: Special Parameters44061
Node: Shell Expansions47025
Node: Brace Expansion48950
Node: Tilde Expansion51276
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion53627
Node: Command Substitution61327
Node: Arithmetic Expansion62660
Node: Process Substitution63510
Node: Word Splitting64560
Node: Filename Expansion66183
Node: Pattern Matching68323
Node: Quote Removal71641
Node: Redirections71936
Node: Executing Commands79666
Node: Simple Command Expansion80336
Node: Command Search and Execution82266
Node: Command Execution Environment84272
Node: Environment87071
Node: Exit Status88731
Node: Signals90352
Node: Shell Scripts92320
Node: Shell Builtin Commands94838
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins96515
Node: Bash Builtins113745
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior134539
Node: The Set Builtin134884
Node: The Shopt Builtin143732
Node: Special Builtins154140
Node: Shell Variables155119
Node: Bourne Shell Variables155559
Node: Bash Variables157540
Node: Bash Features178912
Node: Invoking Bash179795
Node: Bash Startup Files185604
Node: Interactive Shells190573
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?190983
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?191632
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior192447
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions195727
Node: Shell Arithmetic199306
Node: Aliases202052
Node: Arrays204624
Node: The Directory Stack207973
Node: Directory Stack Builtins208687
Node: Printing a Prompt211579
Node: The Restricted Shell214293
Node: Bash POSIX Mode216125
Node: Job Control223884
Node: Job Control Basics224344
Node: Job Control Builtins228853
Node: Job Control Variables233180
Node: Command Line Editing234338
Node: Introduction and Notation235333
Node: Readline Interaction236955
Node: Readline Bare Essentials238146
Node: Readline Movement Commands239935
Node: Readline Killing Commands240900
Node: Readline Arguments242820
Node: Searching243864
Node: Readline Init File246050
Node: Readline Init File Syntax247197
Node: Conditional Init Constructs259766
Node: Sample Init File262299
Node: Bindable Readline Commands265416
Node: Commands For Moving266623
Node: Commands For History267484
Node: Commands For Text270639
Node: Commands For Killing273312
Node: Numeric Arguments275454
Node: Commands For Completion276593
Node: Keyboard Macros280186
Node: Miscellaneous Commands280757
Node: Readline vi Mode286068
Node: Programmable Completion286982
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins292815
Node: Using History Interactively301021
Node: Bash History Facilities301705
Node: Bash History Builtins304619
Node: History Interaction308476
Node: Event Designators311181
Node: Word Designators312196
Node: Modifiers313835
Node: Installing Bash315239
Node: Basic Installation316376
Node: Compilers and Options319068
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures319809
Node: Installation Names321473
Node: Specifying the System Type322291
Node: Sharing Defaults323007
Node: Operation Controls323680
Node: Optional Features324638
Node: Reporting Bugs333569
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell334763
Node: GNU Free Documentation License351450
Node: Indexes373911
Node: Builtin Index374365
Node: Reserved Word Index381046
Node: Variable Index383494
Node: Function Index394799
Node: Concept Index401531

End Tag Table
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**/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi
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This is TeX, Version 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.4) (format=tex 2008.4.8) 8 APR 2008 09:50
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Loading texinfo [version 2003-02-03.16]: Basics,
\bindingoffset=\dimen16
\normaloffset=\dimen17
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ localization,
[1]
Chapter 2 [2] [3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
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[]@texttt case @textttsl word @texttt in [ [(] @textttsl pat-tern @texttt [| @
textttsl pat-tern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[][]
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ textttsl pat-tern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[][]
[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]
[26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] Chapter 4 [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38]
[39] [40] [41]
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@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
@@ -186,10 +186,10 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
.etc.
[42] [43] [44] [45]
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[]@texttt read [-ers] [-a @textttsl aname@texttt ] [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt
] [-n @textttsl nchars@texttt ] [-p @textttsl prompt@texttt ] [-t @textttsl ti
me-
] [-i @textttsl text@texttt ] [-n @textttsl nchars@texttt ] [-p @textttsl prom
pt@texttt ] [-t @textttsl time-
@hbox(7.60416+2.43333)x433.62
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@@ -199,8 +199,8 @@ me-
.@texttt a
.etc.
[46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53]
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[46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54]
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[] []@textrm Error trac-ing is en-abled: com-mand sub-sti-tu-tion, shell
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@@ -215,9 +215,9 @@ Underfull \hbox (badness 2573) in paragraph at lines 4111--4115
.@textrm E
.etc.
[54] [55] [56] Chapter 5 [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66]
[55] [56] Chapter 5 [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66]
Chapter 6 [67] [68]
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt
] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar
-
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4929--4929
.etc.
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text
tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
[69] [70]
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[]@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from
the file
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ the file
.etc.
[71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84]
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@textrm `@texttt --enable-strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[] to @texttt configur
e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
@@ -283,9 +283,9 @@ e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
.etc.
Chapter 7 [85] [86] [87] [88] [89]
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[92] [93] [94] [95]
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m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
.@texttt c
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gnored[]
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tttsl ac-tion@texttt ] [-G @textttsl glob-
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[115]) (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
[115]) (/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
[116] [117] [118] [119] [120]) Chapter 10 [121] [122] [123] [124] [125]
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s/large_
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ s/large_
[126] [127] [128] Appendix A [129] [130] Appendix B [131] [132] [133] [134]
[135] [136] [137] Appendix C [138] (./fdl.texi [139] [140] [141] [142] [143]
[144]) Appendix D [145] [146] (./bashref.bts) [147]
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@@ -3132,6 +3132,7 @@ Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a
Readline initialization file (@pxref{Readline Init File}),
but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g.,
@samp{"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file}.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
@table @code
@@ -3412,14 +3413,24 @@ or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
@item help
@btindex help
@example
help [-s] [@var{pattern}]
help [-dms] [@var{pattern}]
@end example
Display helpful information about builtin commands.
If @var{pattern} is specified, @code{help} gives detailed help
on all commands matching @var{pattern}, otherwise a list of
the builtins is printed.
The @option{-s} option restricts the information displayed to a short
usage synopsis.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
@table @code
@item -d
Display a short description of each @var{pattern}
@item -m
Display the description of each @var{pattern} in a manpage-like format
@item -s
Display only a short usage synopsis for each @var{pattern}
@end table
The return status is zero unless no command matches @var{pattern}.
@item let
@@ -3455,6 +3466,46 @@ logout [@var{n}]
Exit a login shell, returning a status of @var{n} to the shell's
parent.
@item mapfile
@btindex mapfile
@example
mapfile [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}] [
-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}]
@end example
Read lines from the standard input into array variable @var{array},
or from file descriptor @var{fd}
if the @option{-u} option is supplied.
The variable @code{MAPFILE} is the default @var{array}.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
@table @code
@item -n
Copy at most @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is 0, all lines are copied.
@item -O
Begin assigning to @var{array} at index @var{origin}.
The default index is 0.
@item -s
Discard the first @var{count} lines read.
@item -t
Remove a trailing line from each line read.
@item -u
Read lines from file descriptor @var{fd} instead of the standard input.
@item -C
Evaluate @var{callback} each time @var{quantum}P lines are read.
The @option{-c} option specifies @var{quantum}.
@item -c
Specify the number of lines read between each call to @var{callback}.
@end table
If @option{-C} is specified without @option{-c},
the default quantum is 5000.
If not supplied with an explicit origin, @code{mapfile} will clear @var{array}
before assigning to it.
@code{mapfile} returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
argument is supplied, or @var{array} is invalid or unassignable.
@item printf
@btindex printf
@example
@@ -3597,8 +3648,8 @@ is not also used.
If the @option{-f} option is used, @code{type} does not attempt to find
shell functions, as with the @code{command} builtin.
The return status is zero if any of the @var{names} are found, non-zero
if none are found.
The return status is zero if all of the @var{names} are found, non-zero
if any are not found.
@item typeset
@btindex typeset
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@@ -3132,6 +3132,7 @@ Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a
Readline initialization file (@pxref{Readline Init File}),
but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g.,
@samp{"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file}.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
@table @code
@@ -3412,14 +3413,24 @@ or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
@item help
@btindex help
@example
help [-s] [@var{pattern}]
help [-dms] [@var{pattern}]
@end example
Display helpful information about builtin commands.
If @var{pattern} is specified, @code{help} gives detailed help
on all commands matching @var{pattern}, otherwise a list of
the builtins is printed.
The @option{-s} option restricts the information displayed to a short
usage synopsis.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
@table @code
@item -d
Display a short description of each @var{pattern}
@item -m
Display the description of each @var{pattern} in a manpage-like format
@item -s
Display only a short usage synopsis for each @var{pattern}
@end table
The return status is zero unless no command matches @var{pattern}.
@item let
@@ -3488,7 +3499,7 @@ non-zero on failure.
@item read
@btindex read
@example
read [-ers] [-a @var{aname}] [-d @var{delim}] [-n @var{nchars}] [-p @var{prompt}] [-t @var{timeout}] [-u @var{fd}] [@var{name} @dots{}]
read [-ers] [-a @var{aname}] [-d @var{delim}] [-i @var{text}] [-n @var{nchars}] [-p @var{prompt}] [-t @var{timeout}] [-u @var{fd}] [@var{name} @dots{}]
@end example
One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
@var{fd} supplied as an argument to the @option{-u} option, and the first word
@@ -3522,6 +3533,10 @@ rather than newline.
@item -e
Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) is used to obtain the line.
@item -i @var{text}
If Readline is being used to read the line, @var{text} is placed into
the editing buffer before editing begins.
@item -n @var{nchars}
@code{read} returns after reading @var{nchars} characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input.
@@ -3593,8 +3608,8 @@ is not also used.
If the @option{-f} option is used, @code{type} does not attempt to find
shell functions, as with the @code{command} builtin.
The return status is zero if any of the @var{names} are found, non-zero
if none are found.
The return status is zero if all of the @var{names} are found, non-zero
if any are not found.
@item typeset
@btindex typeset
doc/bashref.toc
+2 -2
View File
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
\secentry{Bash Builtin Commands}{4}{2}{41}
\secentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4}{3}{49}
\subsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4}{3}{1}{49}
\subsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4}{3}{2}{52}
\subsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4}{3}{2}{53}
\secentry{Special Builtins}{4}{4}{57}
\chapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{59}
\secentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5}{1}{59}
@@ -132,4 +132,4 @@
\secentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D}{2}{149}
\secentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D}{3}{149}
\secentry{Function Index}{D}{4}{151}
\secentry{Concept Index}{D}{5}{152}
\secentry{Concept Index}{D}{5}{153}
doc/bashref.vr
+2 -1
View File
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@
\entry{enable-keypad}{96}{\code {enable-keypad}}
\entry{expand-tilde}{96}{\code {expand-tilde}}
\entry{history-preserve-point}{96}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
\entry{history-size}{96}{\code {history-size}}
\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{96}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
\entry{input-meta}{96}{\code {input-meta}}
\entry{meta-flag}{96}{\code {meta-flag}}
@@ -115,5 +116,5 @@
\entry{output-meta}{97}{\code {output-meta}}
\entry{page-completions}{97}{\code {page-completions}}
\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{97}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{97}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{98}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
\entry{visible-stats}{98}{\code {visible-stats}}
doc/bashref.vrs
+2 -1
View File
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
\entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{63}
\entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{63}
\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{96}
\entry {\code {history-size}}{96}
\entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{64}
\entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{64}
\entry {\code {HOME}}{59}
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@
\entry {\code {SHELLOPTS}}{66}
\entry {\code {SHLVL}}{66}
\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{97}
\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{97}
\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{98}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}{7}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}{7}
doc/builtins.0
+320 -298
View File
@@ -302,27 +302,44 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e]
Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the
_o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-execution completion if no _n_a_m_es
are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion
options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible
values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin
described above.
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an
attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no comple-
tion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or
sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing
loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of
enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing
loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of
enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not
executing a loop when ccoonnttiinnuuee is executed.
ddeeccllaarree [--aaffFFiirrttxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
ttyyppeesseett [--aaffFFiirrttxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are
given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will
display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is
used, additional options are ignored. The --FF option inhibits
the display of function definitions; only the function name and
attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled
using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where the
function is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option
implies --ff. The following options can be used to restrict out-
put to variables with the specified attribute or to give vari-
ables attributes:
Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are
given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will
display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used
with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options are ignored. When --pp is
supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it will display the attributes
and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
--pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values of all shell
variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell
functions. The --FF option inhibits the display of function defi-
nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source
file name and line number where the function is defined are dis-
played as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The following
options can be used to restrict output to variables with the
specified attribute or to give variables attributes:
--aa Each _n_a_m_e is an array variable (see AArrrraayyss above).
--ff Use function names only.
--ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
@@ -775,8 +792,8 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t]
[--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...]
rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [-- _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt
_t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...]
One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the
first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the
@@ -798,101 +815,104 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
input line, rather than newline.
--ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee
(see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line.
--ii _t_e_x_t
If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s
rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than
rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input.
--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t
Display _p_r_o_m_p_t on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
--rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
--ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t
Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete
line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. This
option has no effect if rreeaadd is not reading input from
Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete
line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. This
option has no effect if rreeaadd is not reading input from
the terminal or a pipe.
--uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d.
If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
encountered, rreeaadd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is
able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
encountered, rreeaadd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is
supplied as the argument to --uu.
rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aappff] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...]
The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s
may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option
is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so
The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s
may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option
is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so
marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to arrays. If no
_n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The --pp option causes
output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the vari-
able is set to _w_o_r_d. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell
_n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The --pp option causes
output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the vari-
able is set to _w_o_r_d. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell
variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a func-
tion.
rreettuurrnn [_n]
Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n.
If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it
Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n.
If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it
causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
_n or the exit status of the last command executed within the
script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
function and not during execution of a script by .., the return
_n or the exit status of the last command executed within the
script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
function and not during execution of a script by .., the return
status is false. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is
executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...]
sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...]
Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed.
The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated
as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in
not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed.
The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated
as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in
order, to $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
--aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are
modified or created for export to the environment of
--aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are
modified or created for export to the environment of
subsequent commands.
--bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
--bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
--ee Exit immediately if a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR
--ee Exit immediately if a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR
above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
exit if the command that fails is part of the command
list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword,
part of the test in an iiff statement, part of a command
executed in a &&&& or |||| list, any command in a pipeline
but the last, or if the command's return value is being
inverted via !!. Failing simple commands that are part
of shell functions or command lists enclosed in braces
or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
exit if the command that fails is part of the command
list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword,
part of the test in an iiff statement, part of a command
executed in a &&&& or |||| list, any command in a pipeline
but the last, or if the command's return value is being
inverted via !!. Failing simple commands that are part
of shell functions or command lists enclosed in braces
or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
cause the shell to exit. A trap on EERRRR, if set, is exe-
cuted before the shell exits.
--ff Disable pathname expansion.
--hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
--hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
--kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
placed in the environment for a command, not just those
--kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
--mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
on by default for interactive shells on systems that
support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro-
cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
--mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
on by default for interactive shells on systems that
support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro-
cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
tion.
--nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e
The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following:
@@ -900,7 +920,7 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Same as --aa.
bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd
Same as --BB.
eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option.
@@ -916,8 +936,8 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
iiggnnoorreeeeooff
The effect is as if the shell command
``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll
The effect is as if the shell command
``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll
VVaarriiaabblleess above).
kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk.
mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm.
@@ -931,13 +951,13 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
pphhyyssiiccaall
Same as --PP.
ppiippeeffaaiill
If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default
operation differs from the POSIX standard to
ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default
operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e).
pprriivviilleeggeedd
Same as --pp.
@@ -945,250 +965,250 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
xxttrraaccee Same as --xx.
If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the
current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no
_o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the
current option settings is displayed on the standard
current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no
_o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the
current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
--pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and
$$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are
not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS
variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored.
If the shell is started with the effective user (group)
id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the --pp
option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the
--pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and
$$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are
not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS
variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored.
If the shell is started with the effective user (group)
id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the --pp
option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the
effective user id is set to the real user id. If the --pp
option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
not reset. Turning this option off causes the effective
user and group ids to be set to the real user and group
user and group ids to be set to the real user and group
ids.
--tt Exit after reading and executing one command.
--uu Treat unset variables as an error when performing param-
eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not
interactive, exits with a non-zero status.
--vv Print shell input lines as they are read.
--xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee
--xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee
command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis-
play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command
play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
--BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn
--BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn
above). This is on by default.
--CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with
the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be
--CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with
the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >>|| instead of >>.
--EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions,
command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher-
command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
--HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
--PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
executing commands such as ccdd that change the current
--PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
executing commands such as ccdd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical
chain of directories when performing commands which
chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
--TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and
--TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and
RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin
ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin
with a --.
-- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to
-- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv
options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The
The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
sshhiifftt [_n]
The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........
Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are
unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
$$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given,
it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional
parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........
Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are
unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
$$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given,
it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional
parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0.
sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a
form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a
form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
--ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e.
--uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e.
--qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
--qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi-
ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta-
tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other-
ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta-
tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
--oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for
--oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for
the --oo option to the sseett builtin.
If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis-
If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis-
play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled
tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled
(unset) by default.
The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s
are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a
The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s
are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a
valid shell option.
The list of sshhoopptt options is:
aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com-
aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss
If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is
not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is
not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors
ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
cchheecckkhhaasshh
If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
cchheecckkjjoobbss
If set, bash lists the status of any stopped and running
jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running
jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
second exit is attempted without an intervening command
(see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones
second exit is attempted without an intervening command
(see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee
If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command
and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL--
If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command
and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL--
UUMMNNSS.
ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
line command in the same history entry. This allows
ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
ccoommppaatt3311
If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com-
mand's =~ operator.
ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
eexxeeccffaaiill
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
not execute the file specified as an argument to the
eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
not execute the file specified as an argument to the
eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if eexxeecc fails.
eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess
If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
eexxttddeebbuugg
If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to
33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to
rreettuurrnn is simulated.
44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described
44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps.
66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
shell functions, and subshells invoked with ((
66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
shell functions, and subshells invoked with ((
_c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRROORR trap.
eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled.
eexxttqquuoottee
If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed
within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double
If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed
within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
ffaaiillgglloobb
If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree
If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell
variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell
variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a
description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by
description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by
default.
ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
hhiissttaappppeenndd
If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell
If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
hhiissttrreeeeddiitt
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
hhiissttvveerriiffyy
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his-
tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his-
tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
hhoossttccoommpplleettee
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to
perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@
is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE
perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@
is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE
above). This is enabled by default.
hhuuppoonneexxiitt
If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss
If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word
and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This
and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This
option is enabled by default.
lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line
lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
llooggiinn__sshheellll
The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be
The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be
changed.
mmaaiillwwaarrnn
If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has
been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis-
If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has
been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis-
played.
nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not
attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
nnooccaasseegglloobb
If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee
EExxppaannssiioonn above).
nnooccaasseemmaattcchh
If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or
[[[[ conditional commands.
nnuullllgglloobb
If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see
PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string,
If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see
PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
pprrooggccoommpp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo--
@@ -1196,47 +1216,47 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
enabled by default.
pprroommppttvvaarrss
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
above. This option is enabled by default.
rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll
The shell sets this option if it is started in
The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value
may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee
If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when
If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
ssoouurrcceeppaatthh
If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to
find the directory containing the file supplied as an
find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
xxppgg__eecchhoo
If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape
If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
ssuussppeenndd [--ff]
Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT
signal. The --ff option says not to complain if this is a login
shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the
Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT
signal. The --ff option says not to complain if this is a login
shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the
shell is a login shell and --ff is not supplied, or if job control
is not enabled.
tteesstt _e_x_p_r
[[ _e_x_p_r ]]
Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be
a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not
Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be
a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
---- as signifying the end of options.
Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false.
(( _e_x_p_r ))
Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override
Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2
True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true.
@@ -1253,116 +1273,117 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and
only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is
only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa
and --oo operators are considered binary operators when
there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!,
the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa
and --oo operators are considered binary operators when
there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!,
the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result
is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of
the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
uated according to precedence using the rules listed
uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...]
The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell
receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a
single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its
original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each
_s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap
commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no
arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the
list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option
causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name
defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c
is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit from the shell.
If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is executed before every
The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell
receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a
single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its
original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each
_s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap
commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no
arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the
list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option
causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name
defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c
is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit from the shell.
If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is executed before every
_s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every
arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the first command executes in
a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the
description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for
details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR,
the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a simple command has a
non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword,
part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed
in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return value is being
inverted via !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the
description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for
details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR,
the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a simple command has a
non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword,
part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed
in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return value is being
inverted via !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
eerrrreexxiitt option. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is exe-
cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the ..
or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in
a child process when it is created. The return status is false
a child process when it is created. The return status is false
if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true.
ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...]
With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if
With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a
string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or
_f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found,
then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the
string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or
_f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found,
then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e,
return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is
hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee
prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e.
This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp
option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func-
tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if
prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e.
This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp
option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func-
tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if
any of the arguments are found, false if none are found.
uulliimmiitt [--SSHHaaccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]]
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
uulliimmiitt [--HHSSTTaabbccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]]
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the
current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the
soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is
current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the
soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
--aa All current limits are reported
--bb The maximum socket buffer size
--cc The maximum size of core files created
--dd The maximum size of a process's data segment
--ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
--ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
--ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
--ii The maximum number of pending signals
--ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory
@@ -1374,57 +1395,58 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
--rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority
--ss The maximum stack size
--tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
--uu The maximum number of processes available to a single
--uu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
--vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
--vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell
--xx The maximum number of file locks
--TT The maximum number of threads
If _l_i_m_i_t is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the --aa option is display only). If no option is given, then --ff
is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt,
which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
and --nn and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return status is
0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt,
which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e]
The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with
a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
_c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is
printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp
a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
_c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is
printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp
option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied,
was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...]
Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is
supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is
supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias.
uunnsseett [-ffvv] [_n_a_m_e ...]
For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function.
For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e
refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func-
tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
sequent commands. If any of RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD,
refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func-
tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
sequent commands. If any of RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD,
FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they lose their special
properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
tus is true unless a _n_a_m_e is readonly.
wwaaiitt [_n _._._.]
Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro-
cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n
specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro-
cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n
specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
doc/builtins.ps
+1393 -1359
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File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff
doc/rbash.ps
+5 -6
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@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.1
%%CreationDate: Tue Mar 4 08:37:56 2008
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
%%CreationDate: Tue Apr 8 09:14:15 2008
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 1
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2
%%Pages: 1
%%PageOrder: Ascend
%%DocumentMedia: Default 595 842 0 () ()
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
%%PageMedia: Default
%%EndDefaults
%%BeginProlog
%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.19 1
%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.19 2
%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-ProcSet
/setpacking where{
pop
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ LS{
/EP{
level0 restore
showpage
}bind def
}def
/DA{
newpath arcn stroke
}bind def
@@ -176,7 +176,6 @@ userdict begin
/setpagedevice{}def
}bind def
/PEND{
clear
countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat
level1 restore
}bind def
doc/version.texi
+2 -2
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@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
Copyright (C) 1988-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
@set LASTCHANGE Sat Apr 5 22:13:08 EDT 2008
@set LASTCHANGE Sat Apr 12 17:15:43 EDT 2008
@set EDITION 3.2
@set VERSION 3.2
@set UPDATED 5 April 2008
@set UPDATED 12 April 2008
@set UPDATED-MONTH April 2008
doc/version.texi~
+3 -3
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@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
Copyright (C) 1988-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
@set LASTCHANGE Thu Mar 27 22:19:20 EDT 2008
@set LASTCHANGE Sat Apr 5 22:13:08 EDT 2008
@set EDITION 3.2
@set VERSION 3.2
@set UPDATED 27 March 2008
@set UPDATED-MONTH March 2008
@set UPDATED 5 April 2008
@set UPDATED-MONTH April 2008