diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES index 69e0150d..8304d426 100644 --- a/CHANGES +++ b/CHANGES @@ -1,3 +1,55 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-rc1, and +the previous version, bash-5.2-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Changes to `wait -p' and how it sets the variable name in the presence of + valid and invalid PID arguments. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused compgen to dump core if the completion engine was + not initialized. + +c. Fixed a memory leak in the variable name programmable completion code. + +d. Here-documents and here-strings use tempfiles if the shell compatibility + level is 50 or lower. + +e. Non-interactive shells exit on a syntax error encountered while parsing a + command substitution. + +f. Fixed a bug with inherited parser state while parsing a command substitution. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to check for terminating signals + after executing the command_string supplied with `-c' and before executing + the exit trap. + +h. Changes to avoid a make race condition while generating builtins.c. + +i. Make it explicit that BASH_REMATCH is always a global variable, and that + local copies are (currently) ignored. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused an ambiguous redirection (>&word) to be printed + incorrectly (>&word) if no file descriptor was supplied. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused rl_eof_found to be set prematurely while reading a + multi-character key sequence in callback mode. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. In posix mode, the `printf' builtin checks for the `L' length modifier and + uses long double for floating point conversion specifiers if it's present, + double otherwise. + +b. The `globbing' completion code now takes the `globstar' option into account. + +c. `suspend -f' now forces the shell to suspend even if job control is not + currently enabled. + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-beta, and the previous version, bash-5.2-alpha. diff --git a/CHANGES-5.2 b/CHANGES-5.2 index eb5b9f30..25ef3996 100644 --- a/CHANGES-5.2 +++ b/CHANGES-5.2 @@ -1,3 +1,55 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-rc1, and +the previous version, bash-5.2-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Changes to `wait -p' and how it sets the variable name in the presence of + valid and invalid PID arguments. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused compgen to dump core if the completion engine was + not initialized. + +c. Fixed a memory leak in the variable name programmable completion code. + +d. Here-documents and here-strings use tempfiles if the shell compatibility + level is 50 or lower. + +e. Non-interactive shells exit on a syntax error encountered while parsing a + command substitution. + +f. Fixed a bug with inherited parser state while parsing a command substitution. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to check for terminating signals + after executing the command_string supplied with `-c' and before executing + the exit trap. + +h. Changes to avoid a make race condition while generating builtins.c. + +i. Make it explicit that BASH_REMATCH is always a global variable, and that + local copies are (currently) ignored. + +j. Fixed a bug that caused an ambiguous redirection (>&word) to be printed + incorrectly (>&word) if no file descriptor was supplied. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused rl_eof_found to be set prematurely while reading a + multi-character key sequence in callback mode. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. In posix mode, the `printf' builtin checks for the `L' length modifier and + uses long double for floating point conversion specifiers if it's present, + double otherwise. + +b. The `globbing' completion code now takes the `globstar' option into account. + +c. `suspend -f' now forces the shell to suspend even if job control is not + currently enabled. + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-beta, and the previous version, bash-5.2-alpha. diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index c417cfa3..ee45b9c4 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -3681,3 +3681,8 @@ print_cmd.c translate a >&word redirection to >&word now that we won't print a non-default file descriptor number. Fixes issue with `declare -f' and function export reported by Namikaze Minato + + 6/13 + ---- +configure.ac + - bumped version to bash-5.2-rc1 diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index 7f5ef7e5..61ff12dd 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ builtins/umask.def f builtins/wait.def f builtins/psize.c f builtins/psize.sh f -builtins/inlib.def f +#builtins/inlib.def f builtins/bashgetopt.c f builtins/common.h f builtins/bashgetopt.h f diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index d742247b..42c3fc64 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -100,6 +100,15 @@ bb. Array references using `@' and `*' that are the value of nameref variables cc. There is a new bindable readline command name: `vi-edit-and-execute-command'. +dd. In posix mode, the `printf' builtin checks for the `L' length modifier and + uses long double for floating point conversion specifiers if it's present, + double otherwise. + +ee. The `globbing' completion code now takes the `globstar' option into account. + +ff. `suspend -f' now forces the shell to suspend even if job control is not + currently enabled. + 2. New Features in Readline a. There is now an HS_HISTORY_VERSION containing the version number of the diff --git a/NEWS-5.2 b/NEWS-5.2 index 9c72b571..8a949ebb 100644 --- a/NEWS-5.2 +++ b/NEWS-5.2 @@ -100,6 +100,15 @@ bb. Array references using `@' and `*' that are the value of nameref variables cc. There is a new bindable readline command name: `vi-edit-and-execute-command'. +dd. In posix mode, the `printf' builtin checks for the `L' length modifier and + uses long double for floating point conversion specifiers if it's present, + double otherwise. + +ee. The `globbing' completion code now takes the `globstar' option into account. + +ff. `suspend -f' now forces the shell to suspend even if job control is not + currently enabled. + 2. New Features in Readline a. There is now an HS_HISTORY_VERSION containing the version number of the diff --git a/builtins/common.c b/builtins/common.c index 258f1ab3..19b00c4d 100644 --- a/builtins/common.c +++ b/builtins/common.c @@ -1057,6 +1057,7 @@ builtin_find_indexed_array (array_name, flags) return entry; } #endif /* ARRAY_VARS */ + /* Like check_unbind_variable, but for use by builtins (only matters for error messages). */ int diff --git a/configure b/configure index 4ae751c8..dbacea7f 100755 --- a/configure +++ b/configure @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ #! /bin/sh # From configure.ac for Bash 5.2, version 5.041. # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. -# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for bash 5.2-beta. +# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for bash 5.2-rc1. # # Report bugs to . # @@ -612,8 +612,8 @@ MAKEFLAGS= # Identity of this package. PACKAGE_NAME='bash' PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash' -PACKAGE_VERSION='5.2-beta' -PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.2-beta' +PACKAGE_VERSION='5.2-rc1' +PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.2-rc1' PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org' PACKAGE_URL='' @@ -1467,7 +1467,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing. # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh. cat <<_ACEOF -\`configure' configures bash 5.2-beta to adapt to many kinds of systems. +\`configure' configures bash 5.2-rc1 to adapt to many kinds of systems. Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... @@ -1533,7 +1533,7 @@ fi if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then case $ac_init_help in - short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.2-beta:";; + short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.2-rc1:";; esac cat <<\_ACEOF @@ -1740,7 +1740,7 @@ fi test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status if $ac_init_version; then cat <<\_ACEOF -bash configure 5.2-beta +bash configure 5.2-rc1 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -2397,7 +2397,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF This file contains any messages produced by compilers while running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake. -It was created by bash $as_me 5.2-beta, which was +It was created by bash $as_me 5.2-rc1, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71. Invocation command line was $ $0$ac_configure_args_raw @@ -3176,7 +3176,7 @@ ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h" BASHVERS=5.2 -RELSTATUS=beta +RELSTATUS=rc1 case "$RELSTATUS" in alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|releng*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;; @@ -22369,7 +22369,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their # values after options handling. ac_log=" -This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.2-beta, which was +This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.2-rc1, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71. Invocation command line was CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES @@ -22437,7 +22437,7 @@ ac_cs_config_escaped=`printf "%s\n" "$ac_cs_config" | sed "s/^ //; s/'/'\\\\\\\\ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 ac_cs_config='$ac_cs_config_escaped' ac_cs_version="\\ -bash config.status 5.2-beta +bash config.status 5.2-rc1 configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71, with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\" diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac index 0b41e647..417e89a5 100644 --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.2, version 5.041])dnl define(bashvers, 5.2) -define(relstatus, beta) +define(relstatus, rc1) AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org]) diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index e4d56bca..1b946831 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2022 May 2BASH(1) +BASH(1)2022 June 3BASH(1)

Index @@ -556,13 +556,15 @@ No other startup files are read. Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input -connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell -daemon, usually rshd, or the secure shell daemon sshd. +connected to a network connection, as when executed by +the historical remote shell daemon, usually rshd, +or the secure shell daemon sshd. If bash -determines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes -commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists and is readable. +determines it is being run non-interactively in this fashion, +it reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, +if that file exists and is readable. It will not do this if invoked as sh. The --norc @@ -1026,6 +1028,12 @@ indices. The element of with index n is the portion of the string matching the nth parenthesized subexpression. +Bash sets +BASH_REMATCH + + +in the global scope; declaring it as a local variable will lead to +unexpected results.

@@ -13400,14 +13408,18 @@ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT -signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the +signal. A login shell, +or a shell without job control enabled, +cannot be suspended; the -f option can be used to override this and force the suspension. -The return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and +The return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell +or job control is not enabled +and -f -is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled. +is not supplied.

test expr
[ expr ]
@@ -14681,7 +14693,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash 5.22022 May 2BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.22022 June 3BASH(1)
@@ -14787,7 +14799,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
BUGS
-This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 04 May 2022 15:11:14 EDT +This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220609/doc/bash.1.
+Time: 13 June 2022 11:04:39 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 132eae26..76109d7a 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 3b21cd56..88891024 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Wed May 4 15:10:59 2022 +%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 13 11:04:34 2022 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(1)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(1)204.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 -F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(2)204.835 E +F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(2)204.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -527,24 +527,25 @@ F .341(xpand the)-.15 F F1(ENV)2.841 E F0 -.25(va)2.591 G .342 (cuted from the \214le whose name is the e).15 E(xpanded v)-.15 E 2.5 (alue. No)-.25 F(other startup \214les are read.)2.5 E F2(Bash)108 302.4 Q F0 .224(attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard \ -input connected to a netw)2.724 F .223(ork connection,)-.1 F .025 -(as when e)108 314.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .025 -(cuted by the remote shell daemon, usually).15 F F4 -.1(rs)2.525 G(hd).1 -E F0 2.525(,o)C 2.525(rt)-2.525 G .025(he secure shell daemon)-2.525 F -F4(sshd)2.525 E F0 5.025(.I)C(f)-5.025 E F2(bash)2.525 E F0(deter)2.525 -E(-)-.2 E .134(mines it is being run in this f)108 326.4 R .134 -(ashion, it reads and e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .133(cutes commands from) -.15 F F4(~/.bashr)2.633 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.633(,i)C 2.633(ft)-2.633 G .133 -(hat \214le e)-2.633 F .133(xists and is)-.15 F 2.869(readable. It)108 -338.4 R .369(will not do this if in)2.869 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -2.869(da).1 G(s)-2.869 E F2(sh)2.869 E F0 5.369(.T)C(he)-5.369 E F2 -2.869 E(c)-.18 E F0 .369 -(option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.869 F(vior)-.2 E 2.869(,a)-.4 -G(nd)-2.869 E(the)108 350.4 Q F22.919 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 .419 -(option may be used to force another \214le to be read, b)2.919 F .419 -(ut neither)-.2 F F4 -.1(rs)2.919 G(hd).1 E F0(nor)2.919 E F4(sshd)2.919 -E F0 .418(generally in)2.919 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -(the shell with those options or allo)108 362.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G +input connected to a netw)2.724 F .223(ork connection,)-.1 F .521 +(as when e)108 314.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .521 +(cuted by the historical remote shell daemon, usually).15 F F4 -.1(rs) +3.021 G(hd).1 E F0 3.021(,o)C 3.021(rt)-3.021 G .521 +(he secure shell daemon)-3.021 F F4(sshd)3.022 E F0 5.522(.I)C(f)-5.522 +E F2(bash)108 326.4 Q F0 1.523(determines it is being run non-interacti) +4.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.523(ly in this f).15 F 1.522 +(ashion, it reads and e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.522(cutes commands from) +.15 F F4(~/.bashr)108 338.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ft)-2.847 G +.347(hat \214le e)-2.847 F .347(xists and is readable.)-.15 F .348 +(It will not do this if in)5.347 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.848(da).1 +G(s)-2.848 E F2(sh)2.848 E F0 5.348(.T)C(he)-5.348 E F22.848 +E(c)-.18 E F0 .348(option may be)2.848 F .61(used to inhibit this beha) +108 350.4 R(vior)-.2 E 3.11(,a)-.4 G .61(nd the)-3.11 F F23.11 E +(c\214le)-.18 E F0 .609 +(option may be used to force another \214le to be read, b)3.11 F .609 +(ut nei-)-.2 F(ther)108 362.4 Q F4 -.1(rs)2.5 G(hd).1 E F0(nor)2.5 E F4 +(sshd)2.5 E F0(generally in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H +(he shell with those options or allo).1 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G (hem to be speci\214ed.)-2.5 E .433(If the shell is started with the ef) 108 379.2 R(fecti)-.25 E .733 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .433 (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F @@ -594,7 +595,7 @@ F2(case)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F2(select)3.143 E F0 .643(command \(only) 669.6 R F6(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 686.4 Q F0 (This section describes the syntax of the v)108 698.4 Q (arious forms of shell commands.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(3)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(3)204.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -717,7 +718,7 @@ or more pipelines separated by the)108 650.4 R F1(&&)2.671 E F0(and) G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2(command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e)2.5 E (xit status of zero \(success\).)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 712.8 Q F2(command1)144 729.6 Q F1(||)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E F0 -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(4)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(4)204.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -853,7 +854,7 @@ ormal quoting and pattern characters lose their meanings between brack) .583(with inde)144 720 R 3.083(x0)-.15 G .582 (contains the portion of the string matching the entire re)-.001 F .582 (gular e)-.15 F 3.082(xpression. Substrings)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(5)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(5)204.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -866,260 +867,263 @@ BP /Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)144 96 S(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 1.13 (indices. The element of)3.38 F F1 -.27(BA)3.63 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH) -.855 E F0 1.13(with inde)3.38 F(x)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.63 -E F0 1.13(is the portion of the)3.63 F(string matching the)144 108 Q F2 -(n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 126 R .786 +E F0 1.13(is the portion of the)3.63 F 1.125(string matching the)144 108 +R F2(n)3.625 E F0 1.125(th parenthesized sube)B 3.625(xpression. Bash) +-.15 F(sets)3.626 E F1 -.27(BA)3.626 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 +1.126(in the global)3.376 F(scope; declaring it as a local v)144 120 Q +(ariable will lead to une)-.25 E(xpected results.)-.15 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 138 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 -138 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()144 156 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) --.37 E F3(\))2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 168 R .522(alue of)-.25 F +150 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()144 168 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) +-.37 E F3(\))2.5 E F0 .522(Returns the v)180 180 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522 (his may be used to o)-5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522 -(rride the normal precedence of).15 F(operators.)180 180 Q F3(!)144 192 -Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 204 S(ue if).35 E +(rride the normal precedence of).15 F(operators.)180 192 Q F3(!)144 204 +Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 216 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2 -(ex)144 216 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F3(&&)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 228 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(ex)144 228 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F3(&&)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 240 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G (pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2) --.37 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 240 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F3 -(||)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 252 S +-.37 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 252 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F3 +(||)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 264 S (ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 268.8 -Q F3(&&)2.675 E F0(and)2.675 E F3(||)2.675 E F0 .175(operators do not e) -2.675 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E F2 -.2(ex)2.675 G(pr).2 E(ession2) --.37 E F0 .175(if the v)2.675 F .175(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.676 G -(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .176(is suf)2.676 F .176(\214cient to de-) --.25 F(termine the return v)144 280.8 Q +F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 280.8 +Q F3(&&)2.676 E F0(and)2.676 E F3(||)2.676 E F0 .175(operators do not e) +2.676 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E F2 -.2(ex)2.675 G(pr).2 E(ession2) +-.37 E F0 .175(if the v)2.675 F .175(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.675 G +(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .175(is suf)2.675 F .175(\214cient to de-) +-.25 F(termine the return v)144 292.8 Q (alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F3 -.25(fo) -108 297.6 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F3(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2 +108 309.6 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F3(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2 (wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5(]];])2.5 G F3(do)A F2(list)2.5 -E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 .424(The list of w)144 309.6 R .424 -(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in)2.924 E F0 .423(is e)2.924 F .423 -(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .423(The v)5.423 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(name)2.923 E F0 .423(is set to)2.923 F .653 -(each element of this list in turn, and)144 321.6 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 +E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 .423(The list of w)144 321.6 R .423 +(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in)2.923 E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423 +(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable) +-.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424(is set to)2.924 F .653 +(each element of this list in turn, and)144 333.6 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653 (If the)5.653 F F3(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 -(is omitted, the)3.153 F F3 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .649(command e) -144 333.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.149 E F0 .648 +(is omitted, the)3.153 F F3 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .648(command e) +144 345.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 .648 (once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F1 -.666 -(PA)3.148 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.898 E(w\).)-.25 E .153 -(The return status is the e)144 345.6 R .153 -(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.654 -(cutes. If).15 F .154(the e)2.654 F .154(xpansion of the items)-.15 F -(follo)144 357.6 Q(wing)-.25 E F3(in)2.5 E F0 +(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).)-.25 E .154 +(The return status is the e)144 357.6 R .153 +(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653 +(cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F +(follo)144 369.6 Q(wing)-.25 E F3(in)2.5 E F0 (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F3 -.25(fo)108 374.4 S(r).25 E +(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F3 -.25(fo)108 386.4 S(r).25 E F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F3(do)2.5 E F2 -(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 1.236(First, the arithmetic e) -144 386.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.736 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) -3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235 -(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.735(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-3.735 E F1 .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 398.4 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) --.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .561(The arithmetic e) -5.061 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 .562(is then e) -3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G .562(luated repeatedly until).25 F .592(it e)144 -410.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .592(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.592 F +(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 1.235(First, the arithmetic e) +144 398.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) +3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236 +(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G +(nder)-3.736 E F1 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 410.4 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) +-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .562(The arithmetic e) +5.062 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F0 .561(is then e) +3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G .561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144 +422.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 -(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .591(is e) -3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .591(cuted and the arith-).15 F .228(metic e)144 -422.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.728 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.728 F +(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e) +3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144 +434.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 (xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G -2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.729(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.979 G -.229(luates to 1.).25 F .228(The return v)144 434.4 R .228 -(alue is the e)-.25 F .228(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 -(list)2.728 E F0 .227(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cuted, or f) -.15 F .227(alse if an)-.1 F 2.727(yo)-.15 G 2.727(ft)-2.727 G(he)-2.727 -E -.15(ex)144 446.4 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F3 -(select)108 463.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) +2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G +.228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 446.4 R .227 +(alue is the e)-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 +(list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f) +.15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 +E -.15(ex)144 458.4 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F3 +(select)108 475.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) -.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F3(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 -.432(The list of w)144 475.2 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in) -2.932 E F0 .432(is e)2.932 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.) --.15 F .433(The set of e)5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843 -(is printed on the standard error)144 487.2 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 +.433(The list of w)144 487.2 R .433(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in) +2.933 E F0 .432(is e)2.933 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.) +-.15 F .432(The set of e)5.432 F .432(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .842 +(is printed on the standard error)144 499.2 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 (ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) --3.342 E F3(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .842 -(is omitted, the posi-)3.342 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) -144 499.2 R F1 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 +-3.342 E F3(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .843 +(is omitted, the posi-)3.343 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) +144 511.2 R F1 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 (w\). The)-.25 F F1(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201(prompt is then displayed and a) -2.451 F .214(line read from the standard input.)144 511.2 R .213 -(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.214 -F 1.537(played w)144 523.2 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of) --.25 F F2(name)4.397 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.217 F 4.037(ord. If) --.1 F 1.538(the line is empty)4.038 F 4.038(,t)-.65 G 1.538(he w)-4.038 -F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 535.2 R 2.566 -(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.566 F(An) -5.065 E 2.565(yo)-.15 G .065(ther v)-2.565 F .065(alue read causes)-.25 -F F2(name)144.36 547.2 Q F0 .953(to be set to null.)3.633 F .953 -(The line read is sa)5.953 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.454(di).15 G 3.454(nt) --3.454 G .954(he v)-3.454 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(REPL)3.454 E(Y)-.828 E F4 -(.)A F0(The)5.454 E F2(list)3.544 E F0 .954(is e)4.134 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.954(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 559.2 R F3(br) +2.451 F .213(line read from the standard input.)144 523.2 R .213 +(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.213 +F 1.538(played w)144 535.2 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of) +-.25 F F2(name)4.398 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.218 F 4.037(ord. If) +-.1 F 1.537(the line is empty)4.037 F 4.037(,t)-.65 G 1.537(he w)-4.037 +F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 547.2 R 2.565 +(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.565 F(An) +5.066 E 2.566(yo)-.15 G .066(ther v)-2.566 F .066(alue read causes)-.25 +F F2(name)144.36 559.2 Q F0 .954(to be set to null.)3.634 F .954 +(The line read is sa)5.954 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.453(di).15 G 3.453(nt) +-3.453 G .953(he v)-3.453 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(REPL)3.453 E(Y)-.828 E F4 +(.)A F0(The)5.453 E F2(list)3.543 E F0 .953(is e)4.133 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.953(cuted after).15 F .071(each selection until a)144 571.2 R F3(br) 2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 (cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F3(select) -2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .071(xit status of the)-.15 F -(last command e)144 571.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.59 E +2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .072(xit status of the)-.15 F +(last command e)144 583.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.59 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(case)108 588 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F3(in)2.5 E +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(case)108 600 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F3(in)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(|)2.5 E F2 (pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) -2.5 E F3(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 600 Q F3(case)3.264 E F0 .764 -(command \214rst e)3.264 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 +2.5 E F3(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 612 Q F3(case)3.265 E F0 .764 +(command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F -F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .765(in turn, using the)3.264 F .884 -(matching rules described under)144 612 R F3 -.1(Pa)3.384 G(tter).1 E +F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F .883 +(matching rules described under)144 624 R F3 -.1(Pa)3.384 G(tter).1 E 3.384(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.384 E F0(belo)3.384 E 4.684 -.65(w. T)-.25 H -(he).65 E F2(wor)3.384 E(d)-.37 E F0 .884(is e)3.384 F .883 +(he).65 E F2(wor)3.384 E(d)-.37 E F0 .884(is e)3.384 F .884 (xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .95(pansion, parameter and v)144 -624 R .95(ariable e)-.25 F .95(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .95 -(xpansion, command substitution, process)-.15 F .181 -(substitution and quote remo)144 636 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.681(l. Each).25 +636 R .95(ariable e)-.25 F .95(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .95 +(xpansion, command substitution, process)-.15 F .18 +(substitution and quote remo)144 648 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.681(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)2.681 E F0 -.15(ex)2.681 G .181(amined is e).15 F .181 -(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F .18(xpansion, param-)-.15 F .103 -(eter and v)144 648 R .103(ariable e)-.25 F .103(xpansion, arithmetic e) +(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F .181(xpansion, param-)-.15 F .103 +(eter and v)144 660 R .103(ariable e)-.25 F .103(xpansion, arithmetic e) -.15 F .103(xpansion, command substitution, process substitution, and) --.15 F .139(quote remo)144 660 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.639(l. If).25 F(the) -2.639 E F3(nocasematch)2.639 E F0 .138 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.639 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(rd).05 E .208(to the case of alphabetic characters.)144 672 R -.209(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.209 F F2(list)2.709 E F0 -.209(is e)2.709 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.709(cuted. If).15 F(the)144 684 Q F3 -(;;)3.35 E F0 .849(operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempte\ -d after the \214rst pattern match.)3.35 F(Using)5.849 E F3(;&)144 696 Q -F0 .253(in place of)2.753 F F3(;;)2.754 E F0 .254(causes e)2.754 F -.15 +-.15 F .138(quote remo)144 672 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.638(l. If).25 F(the) +2.638 E F3(nocasematch)2.638 E F0 .139 +(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.638 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(rd).05 E .209(to the case of alphabetic characters.)144 684 R +.209(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.209 F F2(list)2.708 E F0 +.208(is e)2.708 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.708(cuted. If).15 F(the)144 696 Q F3 +(;;)3.349 E F0 .849(operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempt\ +ed after the \214rst pattern match.)3.349 F(Using)5.85 E F3(;&)144 708 Q +F0 .254(in place of)2.754 F F3(;;)2.754 E F0 .254(causes e)2.754 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .254(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)2.754 E F0 -.254(associated with the ne)2.754 F .254(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F -(Using)144 708 Q F3(;;&)2.617 E F0 .117(in place of)2.617 F F3(;;)2.616 -E F0 .116(causes the shell to test the ne)2.616 F .116 -(xt pattern list in the statement, if an)-.15 F 1.416 -.65(y, a)-.15 H -.116(nd e).65 F(x-)-.15 E .768(ecute an)144 720 R 3.268(ya)-.15 G -(ssociated)-3.268 E F2(list)3.268 E F0 .768 -(on a successful match, continuing the case statement e)3.268 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .768(cution as if the).15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2) -150.675 E(6)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +.254(associated with the ne)2.754 F .253(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F +(Using)144 720 Q F3(;;&)3.378 E F0 .878(in place of)3.378 F F3(;;)3.378 +E F0 .878(causes the shell to test the ne)3.378 F .878 +(xt pattern list in the statement, if an)-.15 F 2.178 -.65(y, a)-.15 H +(nd).65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(6)204.835 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .183 -(pattern list had not matched.)144 84 R .183(The e)5.183 F .183 -(xit status is zero if no pattern matches.)-.15 F .182 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(exe)144 84 S +.159(cute an).15 F 2.659(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-2.659 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(list)2.659 E F0 .159 +(on a successful match, continuing the case statement e)2.659 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .158(cution as if the).15 F .182(pattern list had not matched.) +144 96 R .183(The e)5.183 F .183 +(xit status is zero if no pattern matches.)-.15 F .183 (Otherwise, it is the e)5.183 F(xit)-.15 E(status of the last command e) -144 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list)2.5 -E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(if)108 112.8 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2 -(then)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;[)C F2(elif)A F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2 -(then)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F2(else)2.5 E F1 -(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F2<8c>A F0(The)144 124.8 Q F2(if)2.977 E F1 -(list)3.067 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F -.478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F2(then)2.978 E -F1(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 -(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F2(elif)2.978 E F1(list)2.978 E F0 -1.088(is e)144 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted in turn, and if its e) -.15 F 1.087(xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F2(then)3.587 E -F1(list)3.587 E F0 1.087(is e)3.587 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087 -(cuted and the).15 F .103(command completes.)144 148.8 R .103 -(Otherwise, the)5.103 F F2(else)2.603 E F1(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e) -2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103(cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F -.103(xit status is the e)-.15 F .104(xit sta-)-.15 F -(tus of the last command e)144 160.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F2(while)108 177.6 Q -F1(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(done)2.5 E -(until)108 189.6 Q F1(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1(list-2)2.5 E F0 -(;)A F2(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 201.6 Q F2(while)3.45 E F0 .95 -(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95(cutes the list).15 F -F1(list-2)3.45 E F0 .95(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F -F1(list-1)144 213.6 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205 +144 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(.)A/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(if)108 124.8 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(then)2.5 E F1 +(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;[)C F2(elif)A F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(then)2.5 E F1 +(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F2(else)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(;])C F2<8c>A F0(The)144 136.8 Q F2(if)2.978 E F1(list)3.068 E F0 .478 +(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F +.478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F2(then)2.978 E F1(list)2.978 E F0 +.478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each) +2.978 E F2(elif)2.977 E F1(list)2.977 E F0 1.087(is e)144 148.8 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 +(xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F2(then)3.587 E F1(list) +3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted and the).15 F +.104(command completes.)144 160.8 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F2(else) +2.603 E F1(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 +(cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) +-.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 172.8 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F2(while) +108 189.6 Q F1(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F2 +(done)2.5 E(until)108 201.6 Q F1(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1 +(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 213.6 Q F2(while)3.45 E F0 +.95(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95(cutes the list).15 +F F1(list-2)3.45 E F0 .95(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F +F1(list-1)144 225.6 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205 (xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F2(until)2.705 E F0 .205 (command is identical to the)2.705 F F2(while)2.705 E F0 .205 -(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .6(that the test is ne)144 225.6 R -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F1(list-2)3.19 E F0 .6(is e)3.12 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.599(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F1(list-1)3.189 E F0 -.599(returns a non-zero)3.099 F -.15(ex)144 237.6 S .204(it status.).15 -F .204(The e)5.204 F .204(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(while)2.704 E F0 -(and)2.704 E F2(until)2.704 E F0 .205(commands is the e)2.704 F .205 -(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 249.6 S(cuted in).15 +(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .599(that the test is ne)144 237.6 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F1(list-2)3.189 E F0 .599(is e)3.119 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .6(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F1(list-1)3.19 +E F0 .6(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 249.6 S .205(it status.).15 +F .205(The e)5.205 F .205(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(while)2.705 E F0 +(and)2.705 E F2(until)2.704 E F0 .204(commands is the e)2.704 F .204 +(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 261.6 S(cuted in).15 E F1(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) --.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(Copr)87 266.4 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0 -(A)108 278.4 Q F1(copr)3.713 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.213 -(is a shell command preceded by the)3.713 F F2(copr)3.712 E(oc)-.18 E F0 -(reserv)3.712 E 1.212(ed w)-.15 F 3.712(ord. A)-.1 F 1.212 -(coprocess is e)3.712 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.212(cuted asyn-).15 F .574(chr\ +-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(Copr)87 278.4 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0 +(A)108 290.4 Q F1(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 +(is a shell command preceded by the)3.712 F F2(copr)3.713 E(oc)-.18 E F0 +(reserv)3.713 E 1.213(ed w)-.15 F 3.713(ord. A)-.1 F 1.213 +(coprocess is e)3.713 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.213(cuted asyn-).15 F .575(chr\ onously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) -108 290.4 R F2(&)3.075 E F0 .575(control operator)3.075 F 3.075(,w)-.4 G -.575(ith a tw)-3.075 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 302.4 S 2.5(yp).1 G +108 302.4 R F2(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G +.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 314.4 S 2.5(yp).1 G (ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The syntax for a coprocess is:) -108 319.2 Q F2(copr)144 336 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E +108 331.2 Q F2(copr)144 348 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E -F0(])A .599(This creates a coprocess named)108 352.8 R F1 -.27(NA)3.099 +F0(])A .598(This creates a coprocess named)108 364.8 R F1 -.27(NA)3.099 G(ME).27 E F0(.)A F1(command)5.599 E F0 .599 (may be either a simple command or a compound com-)3.099 F 1.4 -(mand \(see abo)108 364.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.27(NA)6.4 G +(mand \(see abo)108 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.27(NA)6.4 G (ME).27 E F0 1.4(is a shell v)3.9 F 1.4(ariable name.)-.25 F(If)6.4 E F1 -.27(NA)3.9 G(ME).27 E F0 1.4(is not supplied, the def)3.9 F 1.4 -(ault name is)-.1 F F2(CO-)3.9 E(PR)108 376.8 Q(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A -(The recommended form to use for a coprocess is)108 393.6 Q F2(copr)144 -410.4 Q(oc)-.18 E F1 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F0({)2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E +(ault name is)-.1 F F2(CO-)3.9 E(PR)108 388.8 Q(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A +(The recommended form to use for a coprocess is)108 405.6 Q F2(copr)144 +422.4 Q(oc)-.18 E F1 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F0({)2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E F0(]; })A 1.313(This f\ orm is recommended because simple commands result in the coprocess al) -108 427.2 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.313(ys being named).1 F F2(CO-)3.812 E(PR)108 -439.2 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd it is simpler to use and more complete \ -than the other compound commands.)-2.5 E(If)108 456 Q F1(command)3.061 E -F0 .561(is a compound command,)3.061 F F1 -.27(NA)3.061 G(ME).27 E F0 -.562(is optional. The w)3.061 F .562(ord follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F2 -(copr)3.062 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .562(determines whether)3.062 F .339(that w) -108 468 R .339(ord is interpreted as a v)-.1 F .339 +108 439.2 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.313(ys being named).1 F F2(CO-)3.813 E(PR)108 +451.2 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd it is simpler to use and more complete \ +than the other compound commands.)-2.5 E(If)108 468 Q F1(command)3.062 E +F0 .562(is a compound command,)3.062 F F1 -.27(NA)3.062 G(ME).27 E F0 +.561(is optional. The w)3.061 F .561(ord follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F2 +(copr)3.061 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .561(determines whether)3.061 F .338(that w) +108 480 R .338(ord is interpreted as a v)-.1 F .338 (ariable name: it is interpreted as)-.25 F F1 -.27(NA)2.839 G(ME).27 E -F0 .338(if it is not a reserv)2.838 F .338(ed w)-.15 F .338 -(ord that intro-)-.1 F 1.121(duces a compound command.)108 480 R(If) +F0 .339(if it is not a reserv)2.839 F .339(ed w)-.15 F .339 +(ord that intro-)-.1 F 1.122(duces a compound command.)108 492 R(If) 6.121 E F1(command)3.621 E F0 1.121(is a simple command,)3.621 F F1 -.27 -(NA)3.621 G(ME).27 E F0 1.121(is not allo)3.621 F 1.122 -(wed; this is to a)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E(confusion between)108 492 +(NA)3.621 G(ME).27 E F0 1.121(is not allo)3.621 F 1.121 +(wed; this is to a)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E(confusion between)108 504 Q F1 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F0(and the \214rst w)2.5 E -(ord of the simple command.)-.1 E .09(When the coprocess is e)108 508.8 +(ord of the simple command.)-.1 E .09(When the coprocess is e)108 520.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .09(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F .09 (ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.59 E F0(belo)2.59 E .09(w\) named)-.25 -F F1 -.27(NA)2.59 G(ME).27 E F0 .09(in the)2.59 F(conte)108 520.8 Q .302 -(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .302(cuting shell.).15 F .302 +F F1 -.27(NA)2.59 G(ME).27 E F0 .09(in the)2.59 F(conte)108 532.8 Q .303 +(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .303(cuting shell.).15 F .302 (The standard output of)5.302 F F1(command)3.002 E F0 .302 -(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor)3.572 F .588(in the e) -108 532.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .587 +(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor)3.572 F .587(in the e) +108 544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .587 (cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F1 -.27 (NA)3.087 G(ME).27 E F0 3.087([0]. The)B .587(standard input of)3.087 F -F1(command)3.287 E F0(is)3.857 E 2.029 -(connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 544.8 R -.15 +F1(command)3.287 E F0(is)3.858 E 2.029 +(connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 556.8 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.029 (cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F1 -.27 -(NA)108 556.8 S(ME).27 E F0 2.879([1]. This)B .379 +(NA)108 568.8 S(ME).27 E F0 2.879([1]. This)B .379 (pipe is established before an)2.879 F 2.879(yr)-.15 G .379 (edirections speci\214ed by the command \(see)-2.879 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(REDIRECTION)2.879 E F0(belo)108 568.8 Q 3.425(w\). The)-.25 F .925 -(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.425 F .926 +SF(REDIRECTION)2.879 E F0(belo)108 580.8 Q 3.426(w\). The)-.25 F .926 +(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.426 F .925 (guments to shell commands and redirections using stan-)-.18 F .286 -(dard w)108 580.8 R .286(ord e)-.1 F 2.786(xpansions. Other)-.15 F .286 +(dard w)108 592.8 R .286(ord e)-.1 F 2.786(xpansions. Other)-.15 F .286 (than those created to e)2.786 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 (cute command and process substitutions, the \214le de-).15 F -(scriptors are not a)108 592.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable in subshells.).25 -E 1.676(The process ID of the shell spa)108 609.6 R 1.676(wned to e)-.15 +(scriptors are not a)108 604.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable in subshells.).25 +E 1.676(The process ID of the shell spa)108 621.6 R 1.676(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.676(cute the coprocess is a).15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.676 -(ilable as the v).25 F 1.677(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.27 -(NA)108 621.6 S(ME).27 E F0 2.5(_PID. The)B F2(wait)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +(ilable as the v).25 F 1.676(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.27 +(NA)108 633.6 S(ME).27 E F0 2.5(_PID. The)B F2(wait)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command may be used to w).2 E (ait for the coprocess to terminate.)-.1 E .336 (Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 -638.4 R F2(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .335(command al)2.835 F -.1(wa)-.1 -G .335(ys returns success.).1 F -(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 650.4 Q(xit status of) --.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 667.2 -Q F0 2.697(As)108 679.2 S .198 -(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.697 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G -.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 -(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 691.2 S .5 -.25(ew s) +650.4 R F2(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .336(command al)2.836 F -.1(wa)-.1 +G .336(ys returns success.).1 F +(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 662.4 Q(xit status of) +-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 679.2 +Q F0 2.698(As)108 691.2 S .198 +(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.698 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G +.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 +(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 703.2 S .5 -.25(ew s) -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E (Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(7)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(7)204.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1130,10 +1134,10 @@ BP 2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(function)108 96 Q F1(fname)2.5 E F0([\(\)])2.5 E F1 (compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 -E F0(])A .217(This de\214nes a function named)144 108 R F1(fname)2.717 E +E F0(])A .216(This de\214nes a function named)144 108 R F1(fname)2.716 E F0 5.217(.T)C .217(he reserv)-5.217 F .217(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F2 -(function)2.717 E F0 .216(is optional.)2.717 F .216(If the)5.216 F F2 -(function)2.716 E F0(re-)2.716 E(serv)144 120 Q .68(ed w)-.15 F .68 +(function)2.717 E F0 .217(is optional.)2.717 F .217(If the)5.217 F F2 +(function)2.717 E F0(re-)2.717 E(serv)144 120 Q .68(ed w)-.15 F .68 (ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F(The)5.68 E F1 (body)3.18 E F0 .68(of the function is the compound)3.18 F(command)144 132 Q F1(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see)3.354 E F2 .084 @@ -1141,118 +1145,118 @@ F0 5.217(.T)C .217(he reserv)-5.217 F .217(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F2 .15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F1(list)144 144 Q F0 .044 (of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544 (yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F2 .044(Compound Commands) -2.544 F F0(abo)144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.532(.I).15 G 3.032(ft)-5.532 G -(he)-3.032 E F2(function)3.032 E F0(reserv)3.032 E .532(ed w)-.15 F .532 +2.544 F F0(abo)144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.531(.I).15 G 3.031(ft)-5.531 G +(he)-3.031 E F2(function)3.032 E F0(reserv)3.032 E .532(ed w)-.15 F .532 (ord is used, b)-.1 F .532 (ut the parentheses are not supplied, the braces are)-.2 F(recommended.) -144 168 Q F1(compound\255command)6.253 E F0 1.253(is e)3.753 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.253(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1(fname)3.753 E -F0 1.254(is speci\214ed as the name of a)3.753 F 1.253(simple command.) -144 180 R 1.253(When in)6.253 F F1 1.253(posix mode)3.753 F F0(,)A F1 -(fname)3.753 E F0 1.252(must be a v)3.752 F 1.252(alid shell)-.25 F F1 -(name)3.752 E F0 1.252(and may not be the)3.752 F .088 +144 168 Q F1(compound\255command)6.254 E F0 1.254(is e)3.754 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 1.254(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1(fname)3.753 E +F0 1.253(is speci\214ed as the name of a)3.753 F 1.252(simple command.) +144 180 R 1.252(When in)6.252 F F1 1.252(posix mode)3.752 F F0(,)A F1 +(fname)3.752 E F0 1.252(must be a v)3.752 F 1.252(alid shell)-.25 F F1 +(name)3.753 E F0 1.253(and may not be the)3.753 F .089 (name of one of the POSIX)144 192 R F1 .089(special b)2.589 F(uiltins) -.2 E F0 5.089(.I)C 2.589(nd)-5.089 G(ef)-2.589 E .089 -(ault mode, a function name can be an)-.1 F 2.589(yu)-.15 G(nquoted) --2.589 E .165(shell w)144 204 R .165(ord that does not contain)-.1 F F2 +(ault mode, a function name can be an)-.1 F 2.588(yu)-.15 G(nquoted) +-2.588 E .164(shell w)144 204 R .164(ord that does not contain)-.1 F F2 ($)2.665 E F0 5.165(.A)C .465 -.15(ny r)-5.165 H .165(edirections \(see) -.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.665 E F0(belo)2.415 E .164 -(w\) speci\214ed when a)-.25 F .06 +.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.665 E F0(belo)2.415 E .165 +(w\) speci\214ed when a)-.25 F .061 (function is de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 216 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.561(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.561 G .061 +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.561(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.56 G .06 (it status of a function de\214-).15 F .579(nition is zero unless a syn\ tax error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 -228 R(x-)-.15 E 2.592(ists. When)144 240 R -.15(exe)2.592 G .092 +228 R(x-)-.15 E 2.593(ists. When)144 240 R -.15(exe)2.593 G .093 (cuted, the e).15 F .093(xit status of a function is the e)-.15 F .093 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .093(cuted in) +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .092(cuted in) .15 F(the body)144 252 Q 5(.\()-.65 G(See)-5 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0 (belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS) 72 268.8 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 280.8 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982 (hell in which the).15 F F2(interacti)3.482 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F2(shopt)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)108 292.8 S -.951(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.451 F(UIL)-.09 E .952 +.952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.452 F(UIL)-.09 E .952 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be) --.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)3.452 E F0 .952(causes that w)3.452 -F(ord)-.1 E .605 +-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)3.451 E F0 .951(causes that w)3.451 +F(ord)-.1 E .604 (and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 304.8 R -.604(An interacti)5.605 F .904 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .604(hell without the) -.15 F F2(interacti)3.104 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 316.8 Q F0 +.605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) +.15 F F2(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 316.8 Q F0 .34(option enabled does not allo)2.84 F 2.84(wc)-.25 G 2.84 (omments. The)-2.84 F F2(interacti)2.84 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .34(option is on by def)2.84 F .34(ault in in-)-.1 F(teracti)108 328.8 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 345.6 S -.438(OT).11 G -(ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 357.6 Q F0 .478(is used to remo)2.978 F .777 +(ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 357.6 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 -F .477(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .477(Quoting can be)5.477 F .184 +F .477(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 (used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 -369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .185(ed w)-.15 F .185 +369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 (ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 381.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .289(Each of the)108 -398.4 R F1(metac)2.789 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 -(listed abo)2.789 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS) +(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 +398.4 R F1(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 +(listed abo)2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS) 2.788 E F0 .288(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F -(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 410.4 Q 1.344 +(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 410.4 Q 1.345 (When the command history e)108 427.2 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 (acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 -(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.595 E 1.345(w\), the) +(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) -.25 F F1(history e)108 439.2 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 (,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E (There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 456 Q F1(escape c)2.69 E (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G -(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.963(An)108 472.8 S .463 -(on-quoted backslash \()-2.963 F F2(\\)A F0 2.963(\)i)C 2.963(st)-2.963 +(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.962(An)108 472.8 S .463 +(on-quoted backslash \()-2.962 F F2(\\)A F0 2.963(\)i)C 2.963(st)-2.963 G(he)-2.963 E F1 .463(escape c)3.153 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.463 (.I).73 G 2.963(tp)-5.463 G(reserv)-2.963 E .463(es the literal v)-.15 F .463(alue of the ne)-.25 F .463(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 484.8 -Q 1.553(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of . If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F2(\\)4.053 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F .348 -(quoted, the)108 496.8 R F2(\\)2.848 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F .347 +(quoted, the)108 496.8 R F2(\\)2.847 E F0( is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.847(df).15 G .347(rom the input stream and ef-)-2.847 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.848(df).15 G .348(rom the input stream and ef-)-2.848 F (fecti)108 508.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 (Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 525.6 R .295 (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E (gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 537.6 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .034 +-.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 (Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 554.4 R .034 (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 -566.4 S .107(ception of).15 F F2($)2.607 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.607 E F0(,)A -F2(\\)2.607 E F0 2.607(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.607 F .107 +566.4 S .108(ception of).15 F F2($)2.608 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.608 E F0(,)A +F2(\\)2.608 E F0 2.608(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.608 F .107 (xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F2(!)2.607 E F0 5.107(.W)C .107 -(hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F1 .108(posix mode)2.608 F F0 2.608(,t)C -(he)-2.608 E F2(!)2.608 E F0 .108(has no)2.608 F .46 +(hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F1 .107(posix mode)2.607 F F0 2.607(,t)C +(he)-2.607 E F2(!)2.607 E F0 .107(has no)2.607 F .46 (special meaning within double quotes, e)108 578.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.96 (nw).15 G .46(hen history e)-2.96 F .46(xpansion is enabled.)-.15 F .46 (The characters)5.46 F F2($)2.96 E F0(and)2.96 E F2<92>2.96 E F0(re-) -2.96 E .562(tain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 590.4 R -.563(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-)5.563 F -(lo)108 602.4 Q .602(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 +2.96 E .563(tain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 590.4 R +.562(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-)5.563 F +(lo)108 602.4 Q .601(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 (wing characters:)-.25 F F2($)3.102 E F0(,)A F2<92>3.102 E F0(,)A F2(") 3.935 E F0(,).833 E F2(\\)3.102 E F0 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F2() -3.102 E F0 5.602(.A)C .601(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .13 +3.102 E F0 5.602(.A)C .602(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .131 (double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.)108 614.4 R .131 -(If enabled, history e)5.131 F .131 -(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F2(!)2.631 E F0 +(If enabled, history e)5.131 F .13(xpansion will be performed unless an) +-.15 F F2(!)2.63 E F0 (appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 626.4 Q (The backslash preceding the)5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve) -.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 643.2 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H (pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .149 +(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .148 (Character sequences of the form)108 660 R F2($)2.649 E F0<08>A F1 (string)A F0 2.649<0861>C .149(re treated as a special v)-2.649 F .149 -(ariant of single quotes.)-.25 F .148(The sequence e)5.148 F(x-)-.15 E -.527(pands to)108 672 R F1(string)3.027 E F0 3.027(,w)C .527 -(ith backslash-escaped characters in)-3.027 F F1(string)3.027 E F0 .528 +(ariant of single quotes.)-.25 F .149(The sequence e)5.149 F(x-)-.15 E +.528(pands to)108 672 R F1(string)3.028 E F0 3.028(,w)C .528 +(ith backslash-escaped characters in)-3.028 F F1(string)3.027 E F0 .527 (replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)3.027 F (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follo)108 684 Q (ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 696 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 696 Q F2(\\b)144 708 -Q F0(backspace)180 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(8) +Q F0(backspace)180 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(8) 204.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -1273,244 +1277,244 @@ SF(\\e)144 84 Q(\\E)144 96 Q F0(an escape character)180 96 Q F1(\\f)144 (the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 (the 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translation, using the)3.284 F -F1(LC_MES-)3.285 E(SA)108 369.6 Q(GES)-.55 E F0(,)A F1(TEXTDOMAINDIR) -2.761 E F0 2.761(,a)C(nd)-2.761 E F1(TEXTDOMAIN)2.761 E F0 .261(shell v) +F1(LC_MES-)3.284 E(SA)108 369.6 Q(GES)-.55 E F0(,)A F1(TEXTDOMAINDIR) +2.76 E F0 2.76(,a)C(nd)-2.76 E F1(TEXTDOMAIN)2.76 E F0 .261(shell v) 2.761 F 2.761(ariables. If)-.25 F .261(the current locale is)2.761 F F1 -(C)2.76 E F0(or)2.76 E F1(POSIX)2.76 E F0(,)A .791 -(if there are no translations a)108 381.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .792(ilable, \ +(C)2.761 E F0(or)2.761 E F1(POSIX)2.761 E F0(,)A .792 +(if there are no translations a)108 381.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .791(ilable, \ or if the string is not translated, the dollar sign is ignored.).25 F -.792(This is a)5.792 F .535 +.791(This is a)5.791 F .534 (form of double quoting, so the string remains double-quoted by def)108 -393.6 R .534(ault, whether or not it is translated and)-.1 F 2.797 -(replaced. If)108 405.6 R(the)2.797 E F1(noexpand_translation)2.797 E F0 +393.6 R .535(ault, whether or not it is translated and)-.1 F 2.798 +(replaced. If)108 405.6 R(the)2.798 E F1(noexpand_translation)2.797 E F0 .297(option is enabled using the)2.797 F F1(shopt)2.797 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.797 G .297(iltin, translated strings are sin-).2 F 2.045 +2.797 G .297(iltin, translated strings are sin-).2 F 2.044 (gle-quoted instead of double-quoted.)108 417.6 R 2.044 -(See the description of)7.045 F F1(shopt)4.544 E F0(belo)4.544 E 4.544 -(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.544 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)4.544 E/F4 9 +(See the description of)7.044 F F1(shopt)4.545 E F0(belo)4.545 E 4.545 +(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.545 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)4.545 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF -.09(BU)C(IL).09 E(TIN)-.828 E F3(COM-)A(MANDS)108 429.6 Q F4(.)A/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 446.4 S(RAMETERS).81 -E F0(A)108 458.4 Q F2(par)4.574 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .824 -(is an entity that stores v)4.054 F 3.324(alues. It)-.25 F .824 -(can be a)3.324 F F2(name)3.685 E F0 3.325(,an).18 G(umber)-3.325 E -3.325(,o)-.4 G 3.325(ro)-3.325 G .825(ne of the special characters) --3.325 F .802(listed belo)108 470.4 R 3.302(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.302 E F1 -.802(Special P)3.302 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.802(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E -F0 .802(is a parameter denoted by a)3.482 F F2(name)3.662 E F0 5.801(.A) -.18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .801(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 482.4 Q F0 -.368(and zero or more)2.868 F F2(attrib)2.868 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C -(ttrib)-5.369 E .369(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.869 E -(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.869 G .369(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar) -2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0(belo)108 494.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F3(SHELL B) -2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F4(\).)A F0 2.755(Ap)108 511.2 S -.255(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.755 F 2.754 -(alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .254(alid v)-.25 F -2.754(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.754(av)2.754 G .254(ariable is set, it)-3.004 +E F0(A)108 458.4 Q F2(par)4.575 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .825 +(is an entity that stores v)4.055 F 3.325(alues. It)-.25 F .825 +(can be a)3.325 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 3.324(,an).18 G(umber)-3.324 E +3.324(,o)-.4 G 3.324(ro)-3.324 G .824(ne of the special characters) +-3.324 F .801(listed belo)108 470.4 R 3.301(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.301 E F1 +.801(Special P)3.301 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.802(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E +F0 .802(is a parameter denoted by a)3.482 F F2(name)3.662 E F0 5.802(.A) +.18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .802(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 482.4 Q F0 +.369(and zero or more)2.869 F F2(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C +(ttrib)-5.369 E .369(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.868 E +(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar) +2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0(belo)108 494.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F3(SHELL B) +2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F4(\).)A F0 2.754(Ap)108 511.2 S +.254(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.754 F 2.754 +(alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .255(alid v)-.25 F +2.755(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255(ariable is set, it)-3.005 F(may be unset only by using the)108 523.2 Q F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 540 Q F2(variable)2.79 E F0 (may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F2(name)144 556.8 -Q F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(If)108 573.6 Q F2(value)3.022 E F0 .232 -(is not gi)2.912 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .232(n, the v).15 F .232 -(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.233 E F2(values)3.023 -E F0(under)3.003 E .233(go tilde e)-.18 F .233(xpansion, parameter)-.15 +Q F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(If)108 573.6 Q F2(value)3.023 E F0 .233 +(is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F .232 +(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F2(values)3.022 +E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F .515(and v)108 585.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) --3.015 E F3(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 597.6 Q 2.698 -(w\). If)-.25 F .198(the v)2.698 F .198(ariable has its)-.25 F F1 +-3.015 E F3(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 597.6 Q 2.699 +(w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F1 (integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F2(value) -2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .199 -(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .199(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n).15 E .746(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 609.6 R .746 +2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198 +(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n).15 E .745(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 609.6 R .745 (xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .745(Arithmetic Expansion)3.245 F -F0(belo)3.245 E 3.245(w\). W)-.25 F .745(ord splitting and pathname e) --.8 F(x-)-.15 E 1.363(pansion are not performed.)108 621.6 R 1.364 -(Assignment statements may also appear as ar)6.363 F 1.364 -(guments to the)-.18 F F1(alias)3.864 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.864 E(e)-.18 -E F0(,)A F1(typeset)108 633.6 Q F0(,)A F1(export)3.965 E F0(,)A F1 -.18 -(re)3.965 G(adonly).18 E F0 3.964(,a)C(nd)-3.964 E F1(local)3.964 E F0 +F0(belo)3.245 E 3.246(w\). W)-.25 F .746(ord splitting and pathname e) +-.8 F(x-)-.15 E 1.364(pansion are not performed.)108 621.6 R 1.364 +(Assignment statements may also appear as ar)6.364 F 1.363 +(guments to the)-.18 F F1(alias)3.863 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.863 E(e)-.18 +E F0(,)A F1(typeset)108 633.6 Q F0(,)A F1(export)3.964 E F0(,)A F1 -.18 +(re)3.964 G(adonly).18 E F0 3.964(,a)C(nd)-3.964 E F1(local)3.964 E F0 -.2(bu)3.964 G 1.464(iltin commands \().2 F F2(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F0 -3.964(commands\). When)3.964 F(in)3.964 E F2 1.464(posix mode)3.964 F F0 -(,)A 1.141(these b)108 645.6 R 1.142 +3.964(commands\). When)3.964 F(in)3.964 E F2 1.465(posix mode)3.965 F F0 +(,)A 1.142(these b)108 645.6 R 1.142 (uiltins may appear in a command after one or more instances of the)-.2 -F F1(command)3.642 E F0 -.2(bu)3.642 G 1.142(iltin and retain).2 F -(these assignment statement properties.)108 657.6 Q .377(In the conte) -108 674.4 R .377(xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 -F .376(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .376(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .376 -(x, the +=)-.15 F 1.63 +F F1(command)3.641 E F0 -.2(bu)3.641 G 1.141(iltin and retain).2 F +(these assignment statement properties.)108 657.6 Q .376(In the conte) +108 674.4 R .376(xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 +F .376(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377 +(x, the +=)-.15 F 1.631 (operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 686.4 R(ariable') --.25 E 4.131(sp)-.55 G(re)-4.131 E 1.631(vious v)-.25 F 4.131 -(alue. This)-.25 F 1.631(includes ar)4.131 F 1.631(guments to)-.18 F -.2 -(bu)108 698.4 S .164(iltin commands such as).2 F F1(declar)2.664 E(e) --.18 E F0 .164(that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F2(declar)A -(ation)-.15 E F0 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .163(+= is)2.663 F .131 -(applied to a v)108 710.4 R .131(ariable for which the)-.25 F F1 +-.25 E 4.13(sp)-.55 G(re)-4.13 E 1.63(vious v)-.25 F 4.13(alue. This) +-.25 F 1.63(includes ar)4.13 F 1.63(guments to)-.18 F -.2(bu)108 698.4 S +.163(iltin commands such as).2 F F1(declar)2.664 E(e)-.18 E F0 .164 +(that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F2(declar)A(ation)-.15 E +F0 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .164(+= is)2.664 F .132 +(applied to a v)108 710.4 R .132(ariable for which the)-.25 F F1 (integer)2.632 E F0(attrib)2.632 E .132(ute has been set,)-.2 F F2 -(value)2.632 E F0 .132(is e)2.632 F -.25(va)-.25 G .132 -(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpres-)-.15 E 1.227 -(sion and added to the v)108 722.4 R(ariable')-.25 E 3.727(sc)-.55 G -1.227(urrent v)-3.727 F 1.227(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 -G 3.727(luated. When).25 F 1.226(+= is applied to an array)3.726 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(9)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +(value)2.632 E F0 .131(is e)2.631 F -.25(va)-.25 G .131 +(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpres-)-.15 E 1.226 +(sion and added to the v)108 722.4 R(ariable')-.25 E 3.726(sc)-.55 G +1.227(urrent v)-3.726 F 1.227(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 +G 3.727(luated. When).25 F 1.227(+= is applied to an array)3.727 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(9)204.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S -.114(riable using compound assignment \(see).25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Arrays)2.614 E F0(belo)2.615 E .115(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E -2.615(sv)-.55 G .115(alue is not unset \(as it is when us-)-2.865 F .388 -(ing =\), and ne)108 96 R 2.888(wv)-.25 G .388 -(alues are appended to the array be)-3.138 F .388 -(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 2.887(sm)-.55 G .387 -(aximum inde)-2.887 F(x)-.15 E 1.596(\(for inde)108 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -4.096(da).15 G 1.596(rrays\) or added as additional k)-4.096 F -.15(ey) +.115(riable using compound assignment \(see).25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Arrays)2.615 E F0(belo)2.615 E .115(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E +2.615(sv)-.55 G .114(alue is not unset \(as it is when us-)-2.865 F .387 +(ing =\), and ne)108 96 R 2.887(wv)-.25 G .388 +(alues are appended to the array be)-3.137 F .388 +(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 2.888(sm)-.55 G .388 +(aximum inde)-2.888 F(x)-.15 E 1.597(\(for inde)108 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +4.097(da).15 G 1.596(rrays\) or added as additional k)-4.097 F -.15(ey) -.1 G.15 E 1.596(alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F 1.896 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 6.597(.W)-.65 G 1.597(hen applied to a)-6.597 F +(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 6.596(.W)-.65 G 1.596(hen applied to a)-6.596 F (string-v)108 120 Q(alued v)-.25 E(ariable,)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E -(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(alue.)-2.75 E 3.383(Av)108 136.8 S .883 -(ariable can be assigned the)-3.633 F F2(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0 +(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(alue.)-2.75 E 3.382(Av)108 136.8 S .882 +(ariable can be assigned the)-3.632 F F2(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0 (attrib)3.382 E .882(ute using the)-.2 F F13.382 E F0 .882 -(option to the)3.382 F F1(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.382 E F1 -(local)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G .882(iltin com-).2 F .315 -(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 148.8 R F1(declar)2.815 E(e)-.18 E -F0(and)2.815 E F1(local)2.815 E F0(belo)2.815 E .316(w\) to create a) --.25 F F2(namer)2.816 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.816(,o)C 2.816(rar)-2.816 G .316 -(eference to another v)-2.816 F(ari-)-.25 E 2.919(able. This)108 160.8 R -(allo)2.919 E .419(ws v)-.25 F .419 +(option to the)3.382 F F1(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.383 E F1 +(local)3.383 E F0 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883(iltin com-).2 F .316 +(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 148.8 R F1(declar)2.816 E(e)-.18 E +F0(and)2.816 E F1(local)2.816 E F0(belo)2.816 E .316(w\) to create a) +-.25 F F2(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.815(,o)C 2.815(rar)-2.815 G .315 +(eference to another v)-2.815 F(ari-)-.25 E 2.918(able. This)108 160.8 R +(allo)2.918 E .418(ws v)-.25 F .418 (ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 5.419(.W)-.65 G(hene) --5.419 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.918(rt).15 G .418(he nameref v)-2.918 F .418 -(ariable is referenced, as-)-.25 F .132 +-5.419 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.919(rt).15 G .419(he nameref v)-2.919 F .419 +(ariable is referenced, as-)-.25 F .133 (signed to, unset, or has its attrib)108 172.8 R .132 -(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F2(namer)2.633 -E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.633 E .133(ute itself\), the)-.2 F 1.357 +(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F2(namer)2.632 +E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.632 E .132(ute itself\), the)-.2 F 1.356 (operation is actually performed on the v)108 184.8 R 1.357 -(ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.856(sv) --.55 G 3.856(alue. A)-4.106 F 1.356(nameref is)3.856 F .971 -(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 196.8 R .972 -(ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .972(gument to the)-.18 F +(ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.857(sv) +-.55 G 3.857(alue. A)-4.107 F 1.357(nameref is)3.857 F .972 +(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 196.8 R .971 +(ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .971(gument to the)-.18 F 2.5(function. F)108 208.8 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E (ariable name is passed to a shell function as its \214rst ar)-.25 E (gument, running)-.18 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 226.8 Q -F0 .303(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 244.8 R(ariable)-.25 +F0 .302(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 244.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F0 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303(alue is the v) --.25 F .302(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E +-.25 F .303(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E 3.592(ment. References)108 256.8 R 1.092(and assignments to)3.592 F F1 -.18(re)3.592 G(f).18 E F0 3.592(,a)C 1.092(nd changes to its attrib) --3.592 F 1.092(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .144 +-3.592 F 1.092(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .143 (ments, and attrib)108 268.8 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F .144(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F1($1)2.644 E -F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .143 -(ariable in a)-.25 F F1 -.25(fo)108 280.8 S(r).25 E F0 .867 -(loop has the nameref attrib)3.367 F .867(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .868 -(ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .868 +F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 +(ariable in a)-.25 F F1 -.25(fo)108 280.8 S(r).25 E F0 .868 +(loop has the nameref attrib)3.368 F .868(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .867 +(ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .867 (ariables, and a name reference)-.25 F .509 (will be established for each w)108 292.8 R .509 (ord in the list, in turn, when the loop is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.009 (cuted. Array).15 F -.25(va)3.009 G .509(riables cannot be).25 F(gi)108 -304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.031(nt).15 G(he)-3.031 E F1(namer)3.031 E(ef) --.18 E F0(attrib)3.031 E 3.031(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -1.331 -.4(r, n).15 H .531(ameref v).4 F .532 -(ariables can reference array v)-.25 F .532(ariables and subscripted ar) --.25 F(-)-.2 E .534(ray v)108 316.8 R 3.034(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F -.534(can be unset using the)3.034 F F13.033 E F0 .533 -(option to the)3.033 F F1(unset)3.033 E F0 -.2(bu)3.033 G 3.033 -(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F(if)3.033 E F1(unset)3.033 E F0 .533(is e)3.033 F --.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .442(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 328.8 -R .442(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .443 +304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.032(nt).15 G(he)-3.032 E F1(namer)3.032 E(ef) +-.18 E F0(attrib)3.032 E 3.032(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +1.332 -.4(r, n).15 H .532(ameref v).4 F .531 +(ariables can reference array v)-.25 F .531(ariables and subscripted ar) +-.25 F(-)-.2 E .533(ray v)108 316.8 R 3.033(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F +.533(can be unset using the)3.033 F F13.033 E F0 .533 +(option to the)3.033 F F1(unset)3.033 E F0 -.2(bu)3.034 G 3.034 +(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F(if)3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(is e)3.034 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 328.8 +R .442(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .442 (ariable referenced by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E (will be unset.)108 340.8 Q F1 -.2(Po)87 357.6 S(sitional P).2 E -(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 369.6 Q F2 .706(positional par)4.456 F(ameter) +(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 369.6 Q F2 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter) -.15 E F0 .706(is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than\ - the single digit 0.)3.936 F(Posi-)5.705 E .444 + the single digit 0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 (tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 381.6 R 2.944(sa) -.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G .445(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 393.6 Q F1 -(set)3.334 E F0 -.2(bu)3.334 G .834(iltin command.).2 F .833(Positional\ - parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.834 F -(The)5.833 E(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shel\ +(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 393.6 Q F1 +(set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ + parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F +(The)5.834 E(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shel\ l function is e)108 405.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403(When \ +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When \ a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 -422.4 R 1.404(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 +422.4 R 1.403(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 434.4 Q F4(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Special P)87 451.2 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675(The shell treats se)108 -463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.675(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T) --.65 G 1.674(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to) +(Special P)87 451.2 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674(The shell treats se)108 +463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T) +-.65 G 1.675(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to) -6.675 F(them is not allo)108 475.2 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 487.2 Q F0 -.223(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 487.2 -R .224(When the e)5.224 F .224(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .663 +.224(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 487.2 +R .223(When the e)5.224 F .223(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .662 (quotes, each positional parameter e)144 499.2 R .662 (xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.162(ord. In)-.1 F(conte)3.162 E .662 -(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.081(those w)144 511.2 R 1.081 -(ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.082(ord splitting and pathname e) --.1 F 3.582(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.082(the e)3.582 F(xpansion)-.15 E -.915(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 523.2 R .914 -(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .914(ord with the v)-.1 F .914 -(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .89 +(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.082(those w)144 511.2 R 1.082 +(ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.081(ord splitting and pathname e) +-.1 F 3.581(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.081(the e)3.581 F(xpansion)-.15 E +.914(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 523.2 R .914 +(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .915(ord with the v)-.1 F .915 +(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .891 (rated by the \214rst character of the)144 535.2 R F4(IFS)3.39 E F0 .89 -(special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .891(is, ")3.391 F F1($*)A -F0 3.391("i)C 3.391(se)-3.391 G(qui)-3.391 E -.25(va)-.25 G .891 -(lent to ").25 F F1($1)A F2(c)A F1($2)A F2(c)A F1(...)A F0(",)A(where) -144 547.2 Q F2(c)3.533 E F0 .832(is the \214rst character of the v)3.643 -F .832(alue of the)-.25 F F4(IFS)3.332 E F0 -.25(va)3.082 G 3.332 -(riable. If).25 F F4(IFS)3.332 E F0 .832(is unset, the parameters are) -3.082 F(separated by spaces.)144 559.2 Q(If)5 E F4(IFS)2.5 E F0 +(special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .89(is, ")3.39 F F1($*)A F0 +3.39("i)C 3.39(se)-3.39 G(qui)-3.39 E -.25(va)-.25 G .89(lent to ").25 F +F1($1)A F2(c)A F1($2)A F2(c)A F1(...)A F0(",)A(where)144 547.2 Q F2(c) +3.532 E F0 .832(is the \214rst character of the v)3.642 F .832 +(alue of the)-.25 F F4(IFS)3.332 E F0 -.25(va)3.082 G 3.332(riable. If) +.25 F F4(IFS)3.332 E F0 .833(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F +(separated by spaces.)144 559.2 Q(If)5 E F4(IFS)2.5 E F0 (is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E (ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 571.2 Q F0 .722 (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 571.2 R -.722(In conte)5.722 F .722(xts where w)-.15 F .723(ord splitting is per) +.722(In conte)5.722 F .722(xts where w)-.15 F .722(ord splitting is per) -.1 F(-)-.2 E 1.165(formed, this e)144 583.2 R 1.165 (xpands each positional parameter to a separate w)-.15 F 1.165 -(ord; if not within double quotes,)-.1 F .654(these w)144 595.2 R .654 +(ord; if not within double quotes,)-.1 F .655(these w)144 595.2 R .655 (ords are subject to w)-.1 F .655(ord splitting.)-.1 F .655(In conte) -5.655 F .655(xts where w)-.15 F .655 +5.655 F .655(xts where w)-.15 F .654 (ord splitting is not performed, this)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 607.2 S .748 (pands to a single w).15 F .748 (ord with each positional parameter separated by a space.)-.1 F .748 -(When the e)5.748 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.09 +(When the e)5.748 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.091 (sion occurs within double quotes, each parameter e)144 619.2 R 1.091 -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.591(ord. That)-.1 F 1.091(is, ")3.591 F -F1($@)A F0 3.591("i)C(s)-3.591 E(equi)144 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .413 -(lent to ").25 F F1($1)A F0 2.913("")C F1($2)-2.913 E F0 2.913(".)C -2.913(.. If)-2.913 F .413(the double-quoted e)2.913 F .413 -(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F .412(ord, the e)-.1 F .412 -(xpansion of)-.15 F .379(the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)144 -643.2 R .379(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .38(ord, and the e) --.1 F .38(xpansion of the)-.15 F .771 +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.59(ord. That)-.1 F 1.09(is, ")3.59 F F1 +($@)A F0 3.59("i)C(s)-3.59 E(equi)144 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .412 +(lent to ").25 F F1($1)A F0 2.912("")C F1($2)-2.912 E F0 2.912(".)C +2.912(.. If)-2.912 F .413(the double-quoted e)2.913 F .413 +(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F .413(ord, the e)-.1 F .413 +(xpansion of)-.15 F .38(the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)144 +643.2 R .379(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .379(ord, and the e) +-.1 F .379(xpansion of the)-.15 F .771 (last parameter is joined with the last part of the original w)144 655.2 -R 3.271(ord. When)-.1 F .771(there are no positional pa-)3.271 F +R 3.271(ord. When)-.1 F .772(there are no positional pa-)3.271 F (rameters, ")144 667.2 Q F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1($@)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pand to nothing \(i.e., the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 679.2 Q F0 (Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 679.2 Q F1(?)108 691.2 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 691.2 Q (xit status of the most recently e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 -E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1108 703.2 Q F0 .881 +E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1108 703.2 Q F0 .882 (Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 703.2 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G -.882(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) +R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G +.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) 144 715.2 Q F12.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(10)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(10)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1525,56 +1529,56 @@ e process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, wheth\ er e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E (as an asynchronous command or using the)144 120 Q F1(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 -E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(0)108 132 Q F0 .887 +E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(0)108 132 Q F0 .886 (Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 132 R .886 -(This is set at shell initialization.)5.886 F(If)5.886 E F1(bash)3.386 E -F0 .886(is in-)3.386 F -.2(vo)144 144 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.667(dw).1 G .167 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-2.667 F F1($0)2.667 E F0 .167 +(This is set at shell initialization.)5.886 F(If)5.887 E F1(bash)3.387 E +F0 .887(is in-)3.387 F -.2(vo)144 144 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.668(dw).1 G .168 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-2.668 F F1($0)2.668 E F0 .167 (is set to the name of that \214le.)2.667 F(If)5.167 E F1(bash)2.667 E -F0 .168(is started with the)2.668 F F12.668 E F0(op-)2.668 E .896 -(tion, then)144 156 R F1($0)3.396 E F0 .895(is set to the \214rst ar) -3.396 F .895(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .895 -(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.895 E(-)-.2 E +F0 .167(is started with the)2.667 F F12.667 E F0(op-)2.667 E .895 +(tion, then)144 156 R F1($0)3.395 E F0 .895(is set to the \214rst ar) +3.395 F .895(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .896 +(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.896 E(-)-.2 E (wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 168 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G F1(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F1(Shell V) 87 184.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 196.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E -(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1(_)108 213.6 Q F0 1.525 +(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1(_)108 213.6 Q F0 1.526 (At shell startup, set to the pathname used to in)144 213.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 -G 1.725 -.1(ke t).2 H 1.526(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.526(cuted as).15 F .174(passed in the en)144 225.6 R .174 +G 1.725 -.1(ke t).2 H 1.525(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.525(cuted as).15 F .173(passed in the en)144 225.6 R .173 (vironment or ar)-.4 F .173(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.173 E -2.673(,e)-.65 G .173(xpands to the last ar)-2.823 F .173 -(gument to the pre-)-.18 F .336(vious simple command e)144 237.6 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .336(cuted in the fore).15 F .336(ground, after e)-.15 F -2.837(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .337(set to the full pathname)2.837 F .366 -(used to in)144 249.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .566 -.1(ke e).2 H .366 +2.673(,e)-.65 G .173(xpands to the last ar)-2.823 F .174 +(gument to the pre-)-.18 F .337(vious simple command e)144 237.6 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .337(cuted in the fore).15 F .336(ground, after e)-.15 F +2.836(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .336(set to the full pathname)2.836 F .365 +(used to in)144 249.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .565 -.1(ke e).2 H .365 (ach command e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .366(cuted and placed in the en).15 F -.365(vironment e)-.4 F .365(xported to that command.)-.15 F(When checki\ +.366(vironment e)-.4 F .366(xported to that command.)-.15 F(When checki\ ng mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently bei\ ng check)144 261.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1 -.3(BA)108 273.6 S(SH).3 E F0 (Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 273.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 -285.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 297.6 S .049 -(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.548 F .049(Each w) +285.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.549(Ac)144 297.6 S .049 +(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w) 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 -(gument for the)-.18 F F12.549 E F0 .116(option to the)144 309.6 R +(gument for the)-.18 F F12.548 E F0 .115(option to the)144 309.6 R F1(shopt)2.616 E F0 -.2(bu)2.616 G .116(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .116 (SHELL B)2.616 F(UIL)-.09 E .116(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.366 E -2.616(w\). The)-.25 F .115(options ap-)2.615 F 1.066(pearing in)144 -321.6 R F2 -.27(BA)3.566 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 1.066(are those reported as) -3.316 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)3.796 E F0(by)3.807 E F1(shopt)3.567 -E F0 6.067(.I)C 3.567(ft)-6.067 G 1.067(his v)-3.567 F 1.067 +2.616(w\). The)-.25 F .116(options ap-)2.616 F 1.067(pearing in)144 +321.6 R F2 -.27(BA)3.567 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 1.067(are those reported as) +3.317 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)3.797 E F0(by)3.807 E F1(shopt)3.567 +E F0 6.066(.I)C 3.566(ft)-6.066 G 1.066(his v)-3.566 F 1.066 (ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 333.6 Q F1(bash) -3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 +3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 345.6 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1 -.3(BA)108 -357.6 S(SHPID).3 E F0 .187(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 -369.6 R F1(bash)2.687 E F0 2.688(process. This)2.688 F(dif)2.688 E .188 -(fers from)-.25 F F1($$)2.688 E F0 .188(under certain circum-)2.688 F +357.6 S(SHPID).3 E F0 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 +369.6 R F1(bash)2.688 E F0 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187 +(fers from)-.25 F F1($$)2.687 E F0 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F .548(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 381.6 R F1(bash) -3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .548(Assignments to)5.548 -F F2 -.27(BA)3.048 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 393.6 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .549(Assignments to)5.549 +F F2 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 393.6 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) @@ -1587,95 +1591,95 @@ embers correspond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16 (ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 (array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 441.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) -9.503 E F1 -.3(BA)144 453.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 +9.502 E F1 -.3(BA)144 453.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 465.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935(An array v)144 477.6 R -.935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 +-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 465.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .934(An array v)144 477.6 R +.934(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 489.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F +F1(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 489.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\ -n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 501.6 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.) -2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa) --2.642 G 2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 -(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 +n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 501.6 S .141(cuted with).15 F F1(.) +2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F1(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa) +-2.641 G 2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 +(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 (cuted, the number of).15 F 1.265(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 513.6 R F2 -.27(BA)3.765 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.265(The shell sets)5.765 F F2 -.27(BA)3.765 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 1.265 -(only when in e)3.515 F(x-)-.15 E .948(tended deb)144 525.6 R .947 +(only when in e)3.515 F(x-)-.15 E .947(tended deb)144 525.6 R .947 (ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1(extdeb)3.447 E(ug)-.2 -E F0 .947(option to the)3.447 F F1(shopt)3.447 E F0 -.2(bu)3.447 G .947 -(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 537.6 Q F1(extdeb)3.362 E(ug) --.2 E F0 .862(after the shell has started to e)3.362 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.863(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .863(ariable when)-.25 F +E F0 .947(option to the)3.447 F F1(shopt)3.447 E F0 -.2(bu)3.448 G .948 +(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 537.6 Q F1(extdeb)3.363 E(ug) +-.2 E F0 .863(after the shell has started to e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.862(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .862(ariable when)-.25 F F1(extdeb)144 549.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (is not set, may result in inconsistent v)2.5 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 561.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .207(An array v)144 573.6 R .206 +108 561.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .206(An array v)144 573.6 R .206 (ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) -2.706 E F0 -.15(exe)2.706 G .206(cution call stack.).15 F .206 -(The \214-)5.206 F .567(nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at\ +2.706 E F0 -.15(exe)2.706 G .207(cution call stack.).15 F .207 +(The \214-)5.207 F .567(nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at\ the top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 585.6 R 1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 597.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) 6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 (cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.27(BA)144 -609.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F0 .853(The shell sets)5.353 F F2 -.27(BA) -3.353 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .853(only when in e)3.103 F .854(xtended deb) --.15 F .854(ugging mode \(see the de-)-.2 F .476(scription of the)144 -621.6 R F1(extdeb)2.976 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .476(option to the)2.976 F F1 +609.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F0 .854(The shell sets)5.354 F F2 -.27(BA) +3.354 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .853(only when in e)3.104 F .853(xtended deb) +-.15 F .853(ugging mode \(see the de-)-.2 F .475(scription of the)144 +621.6 R F1(extdeb)2.975 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .475(option to the)2.975 F F1 (shopt)2.975 E F0 -.2(bu)2.975 G .475(iltin belo).2 F 2.975 -(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)2.975 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .475 -(after the shell has)2.975 F .45(started to e)144 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)2.976 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .476 +(after the shell has)2.976 F .45(started to e)144 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .45(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .45(ariable when)-.25 F F1(extdeb)2.95 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .45(is not set, may result in in-)2.95 F (consistent v)144 645.6 Q(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 657.6 S(SH_ARGV0) -.3 E F0 .251(When referenced, this v)144 669.6 R .251(ariable e)-.25 F +.3 E F0 .25(When referenced, this v)144 669.6 R .25(ariable e)-.25 F .251(xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 -F F1($0)2.75 E F0 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E .04 +F F1($0)2.751 E F0 2.751(;s)C(ee)-2.751 E .041 (the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 681.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.541(\). Assignment).15 F(to)2.541 E F1 -.3(BA)2.541 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 -.041(causes the v)2.541 F .041(alue as-)-.25 F .216 +.04(causes the v)2.541 F .04(alue as-)-.25 F .216 (signed to also be assigned to)144 693.6 R F1($0)2.716 E F0 5.216(.I)C (f)-5.216 E F1 -.3(BA)2.716 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .216 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.716 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.715(ni).15 G(f)-2.715 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 705.6 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(11)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +2.716(ni).15 G(f)-2.716 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 705.6 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(11)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 96 R .967 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H .667(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to\ - the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .196(as maintained by the) -144 108 R F1(hash)2.696 E F0 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696(iltin. Elements).2 F -.195(added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E +SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 96 R .968 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H .668(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to\ + the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .195(as maintained by the) +144 108 R F1(hash)2.695 E F0 -.2(bu)2.695 G 2.695(iltin. Elements).2 F +.196(added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently doe\ s not cause command names to be remo)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df) -.15 G .853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 132 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G +.15 G .852(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 132 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G (SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.243 +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 (The command currently being e)144 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 -(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F -.262(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e) -144 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .263(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 F(If) +(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F +.263(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e) +144 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .262(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 F(If) 144 180 Q F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 192 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar) 144 204 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 216 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 216 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 (An array v)144 228 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 240 -R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469 -(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E -(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .97 -(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 252 R F1 -(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 240 R +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si) +.1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E +(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 252 R F1 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F1(${B)144 264 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 264 Q(ASH_LINENO[) -.3 E F3($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 @@ -1683,35 +1687,34 @@ E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 300 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable b)-4.07 F (uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 312 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 324 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 -336 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 -E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006 -(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 348 R .007 -(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 360 R(x)-.15 E -F3(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F -F3(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E(sion.)144 372 -Q F1 -.3(BA)108 384 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 396 R .125(\ +2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 324 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 +336 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 +E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005 +(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 348 R .007 +(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 +(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 360 R(x)-.15 E +F3(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F +F3(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E(sion.)144 372 +Q F1 -.3(BA)108 384 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 396 R .125(\ ariable whose members are the source \214lenames where the correspondin\ -g shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 408 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +g shell function)-.25 F .781(names in the)144 408 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 -(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A -F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 420 Q F1(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 432 S -(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296 -(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 444 R .296 -(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting).15 E 1.276(in that en)144 456 R 3.776(vironment. The)-.4 F -1.276(initial v)3.776 F 1.277(alue is 0.)-.25 F(If)6.277 E F1 -.3(BA) -3.777 G(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 1.277(is unset, it loses its special)3.777 F +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.28 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 420 Q F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 432 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 +.296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 444 R +.296(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .297(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting).15 E 1.277(in that en)144 456 R 3.777(vironment. The)-.4 F +1.277(initial v)3.777 F 1.277(alue is 0.)-.25 F(If)6.277 E F1 -.3(BA) +3.777 G(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 1.276(is unset, it loses its special)3.777 F (properties, e)144 468 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5 (ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 480 S -(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645(Ar)144 492 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F +(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644(Ar)144 492 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144(ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 -(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 504 S +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 +(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 504 S (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 (BA)144 522 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 522 Q (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 @@ -1726,148 +1729,148 @@ F3(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 582 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 594 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 (Expands to a string describing the v)144 606 Q (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -618 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 630 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E +618 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 630 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 642 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 642 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 654 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 654 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 666 Q F0(The k)144 678 Q .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 -H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 690 Q F0 1.207 +H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 690 Q F0 1.208 (The current command line.)144 702 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F 1.037(mands in)144 714 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.537(db).1 G 3.537 (yt)-3.537 G 1.037(he programmable completion f)-3.537 F 1.037 (acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.537 E 1.037(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(be-)3.537 E(lo)144 726 Q(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(12)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(12)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(COMP_POINT)108 84 Q F0 .666(The inde)144 96 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166 -(ft)-3.166 G .666(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15 +SF(COMP_POINT)108 84 Q F0 .667(The inde)144 96 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167 +(ft)-3.167 G .666(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 3.166(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666 -(ginning of the current command.)-.15 F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 +(ginning of the current command.)-.15 F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -108 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 120 Q F0 5.704(.T)C .704(his v)-5.704 F .704 +108 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 120 Q F0 5.705(.T)C .705(his v)-5.705 F .704 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .704 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F .705(xternal commands in-) +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F .704(xternal commands in-) -.15 F -.2(vo)144 132 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -144 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 156 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +144 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 156 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 168 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5 +-.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 168 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5 (TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2 (?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi) --2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 180 Q F0 3.068(,f)C -.567(or listing alternati)-3.068 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.067(so).15 G 3.067 +-2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 180 Q F0 3.067(,f)C +.567(or listing alternati)-3.067 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.067(so).15 G 3.067 (np)-3.067 G .567(artial w)-3.067 F .567(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@) 3.067 E F0 3.067(,t)C 3.067(ol)-3.067 G .567(ist completions if the w) --3.067 F .567(ord is not un-)-.1 F .417(modi\214ed, or)144 192 R F2(%) -2.917 E F0 2.917(,f)C .417(or menu completion.)-2.917 F .417(This v) -5.417 F .417(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .418 +-3.067 F .567(ord is not un-)-.1 F .418(modi\214ed, or)144 192 R F2(%) +2.918 E F0 2.918(,f)C .418(or menu completion.)-2.918 F .417(This v) +5.417 F .417(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .417 (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F(xter)-.15 E(-)-.2 E .704 (nal commands in)144 204 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.204(db).1 G 3.204 (yt)-3.204 G .704(he programmable completion f)-3.204 F .704 (acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.204 E .704(ogrammable Comple-)-.18 F (tion)144 216 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 228 Q(ORDBREAKS) --.1 E F0 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) -144 252 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G -(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 264 Q F1(COMP_W)108 276 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .653(An array v)144 288 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E -F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) --.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.192(line. The)144 300 R +-.1 E F0 1.336(The set of characters that the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) +144 252 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G +(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 264 Q F1(COMP_W)108 276 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .654(An array v)144 288 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E +F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) +-.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.191(line. The)144 300 R .692(line is split into w)3.192 F .692(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.192 G (adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)3.192 G .692(uld split it, using).1 F F3(COMP_W) -3.192 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .691(as de-)2.942 F 1.557(scribed abo)144 -312 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.557(.T).15 G 1.557(his v)-6.557 F 1.557 +3.192 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .692(as de-)2.942 F 1.558(scribed abo)144 +312 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.558(.T).15 G 1.558(his v)-6.558 F 1.558 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.558 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.058 -(db).1 G 4.058(yt)-4.058 G 1.558(he programmable)-4.058 F(completion f) +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.057 +(db).1 G 4.057(yt)-4.057 G 1.557(he programmable)-4.057 F(completion f) 144 324 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 336 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) -144 348 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 336 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) +144 348 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) -.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 360 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) -.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 372 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 .789(An array v)144 384 R .789(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)3.289 E F0(belo)3.289 E .789 +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 .79(An array v)144 384 R .79(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)3.29 E F0(belo)3.289 E .789 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F(Di-) -5.79 E .099(rectories appear in the stack in the order the)144 396 R +5.789 E .099(rectories appear in the stack in the order the)144 396 R 2.599(ya)-.15 G .099(re displayed by the)-2.599 F F1(dirs)2.599 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.599 G 2.598(iltin. Assigning).2 F .098(to mem-)2.598 F .84 +(bu)2.599 G 2.599(iltin. Assigning).2 F .099(to mem-)2.599 F .84 (bers of this array v)144 408 R .84 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F .84(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)3.34 E F0(and)144 420 Q F1(popd)3.451 E F0 --.2(bu)3.451 G .951(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F 1.251 -.15 -(ve d)-.15 H 3.45(irectories. Assignment).15 F .95(to this v)3.45 F .95 -(ariable will)-.25 F .378(not change the current directory)144 432 R -5.378(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.378 E F3(DIRST)2.878 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 -.379(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.628 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.879(ni).15 G 2.879(fi)-2.879 G 2.879(ti)-2.879 G(s)-2.879 E +F .84(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)3.34 E F0(and)144 420 Q F1(popd)3.45 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.45 G .951(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F 1.251 -.15 +(ve d)-.15 H 3.451(irectories. Assignment).15 F .951(to this v)3.451 F +.951(ariable will)-.25 F .379(not change the current directory)144 432 R +5.379(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.379 E F3(DIRST)2.879 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 +.378(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.629 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.878(ni).15 G 2.878(fi)-2.878 G 2.878(ti)-2.878 G(s)-2.878 E (subsequently reset.)144 444 Q F1(EPOCHREAL)108 456 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 -.338(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 468 R .337 +.337(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 468 R .338 (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -480 Q F2(time)2.916 E F0 .416(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .417 -(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.417(.A)-.65 G .417 -(ssignments to)-5.417 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.917 E(AL)144 492 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 -1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E -F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.59(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E -(subsequently reset.)144 504 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 516 Q F0 .337 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 528 R .338 +480 Q F2(time)2.917 E F0 .417(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .416 +(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.416(.A)-.65 G .416 +(ssignments to)-5.416 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.916 E(AL)144 492 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 +1.09(are ignored.)3.34 F(If)6.09 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E F0 +1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s)-3.591 E +(subsequently reset.)144 504 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 516 Q F0 .338 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 528 R .337 (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -540 Q F2(time)4.042 E F0 4.042(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.042 E F3 -(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3 -(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.541(is unset, it)3.791 F +540 Q F2(time)4.041 E F0 4.041(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(is unset, it)3.792 F (loses its special properties, e)144 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(EUID)108 564 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)144 564 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 +(EUID)108 564 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 564 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G -1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 +1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 (ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 576 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 588 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 600 R .479 +-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 600 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 -(The element with inde)144 612 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 -(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 +(The element with inde)144 612 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 (element \(the one with the highest inde)144 624 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 -(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 -(tion is e)144 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.575 E F3(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.576 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 +(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076 +(tion is e)144 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.576 E F3(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.575 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F (special properties, e)144 648 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .11(This v)144 666 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 678 S(ME).2 E F0 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 678 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 (to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 690 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) --2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 -(at line number)144 702 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 -(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G -1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 714 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E +-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184 +(at line number)144 702 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 +(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G +1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F +(this information.)144 714 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E (13)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -1875,62 +1878,62 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(GR)108 84 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229(An array v)144 96 R 1.228(ariable co\ +SF(GR)108 84 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228(An array v)144 96 R 1.228(ariable co\ ntaining the list of groups of which the current user is a member)-.25 F -6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E .571(ments to)144 108 R/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 +6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E .572(ments to)144 108 R/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F2(GR)3.072 E (OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s) --3.072 E(subsequently reset.)144 120 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 132 Q F0 2.811 -(The history number)144 144 R 5.311(,o)-.4 G 5.311(ri)-5.311 G(nde) --5.311 E 5.311(xi)-.15 G 5.311(nt)-5.311 G 2.811 -(he history list, of the current command.)-5.311 F 2.81(Assignments to) -7.81 F F2(HISTCMD)144 156 Q F0 1.134(are ignored.)3.384 F(If)6.134 E F2 -(HISTCMD)3.634 E F0 1.135(is unset, it loses its special properties, e) -3.385 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.635(ni).15 G 3.635(fi)-3.635 G 3.635(ti)-3.635 -G 3.635(ss)-3.635 G(ubse-)-3.635 E(quently reset.)144 168 Q F1(HOSTN)108 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.072(ni).15 G 3.071(fi)-3.072 G 3.071(ti)-3.071 G(s) +-3.071 E(subsequently reset.)144 120 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 132 Q F0 2.81 +(The history number)144 144 R 5.31(,o)-.4 G 5.31(ri)-5.31 G(nde)-5.31 E +5.311(xi)-.15 G 5.311(nt)-5.311 G 2.811 +(he history list, of the current command.)-5.311 F 2.811(Assignments to) +7.811 F F2(HISTCMD)144 156 Q F0 1.135(are ignored.)3.385 F(If)6.135 E F2 +(HISTCMD)3.635 E F0 1.135(is unset, it loses its special properties, e) +3.385 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.634(ni).15 G 3.634(fi)-3.634 G 3.634(ti)-3.634 +G 3.634(ss)-3.634 G(ubse-)-3.634 E(quently reset.)144 168 Q F1(HOSTN)108 180 Q(AME)-.2 E F0(Automatically set to the name of the current host.) -144 192 Q F1(HOSTTYPE)108 204 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string t\ +144 192 Q F1(HOSTTYPE)108 204 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string t\ hat uniquely describes the type of machine on which)144 216 R F1(bash) -2.722 E F0 .222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 +2.723 E F0 .223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 228 R(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 240 Q F0 1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a d\ ecimal number representing the)144 252 R .078(current sequential line n\ -umber \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 264 R .078 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 276 R .306 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E -F2(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F +umber \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 264 R .079 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 276 R .307 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E +F2(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F (special properties, e)144 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 300 Q (CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ -es the system type on which)144 312 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 324 Q/F3 10 +es the system type on which)144 312 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 324 Q/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F -(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 336 Q F0 .293 -(An array v)144 348 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0 -(belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294 -(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 +(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 336 Q F0 .294 +(An array v)144 348 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0 +(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 (iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 360 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 (OLDPWD)108 372 Q F0(The pre)144 384 Q(vious w)-.25 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 396 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 408 R 1.627 +(OPT)108 396 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 408 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 -(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 420 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 432 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 444 R 4.151 -(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F -1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 456 +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 +(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 420 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 432 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 444 R 4.152 +(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F +1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 456 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 468 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ -g system on which)144 480 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e)2.829 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 492 Q -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 504 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) -.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 516 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) -3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 -(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F -(the most-recently-e)144 528 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +g system on which)144 480 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 492 Q(ault is system-dependent.) +-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 504 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 +516 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 +(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 +(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 528 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 (PPID)108 540 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 540 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E @@ -1938,155 +1941,154 @@ F1(PWD)108 552 Q F0(The current w)144 552 Q (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 (RANDOM)108 564 Q F0 .417(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) 144 576 R .417(xpands to a random inte)-.15 F .417 -(ger between 0 and 32767.)-.15 F(As-)5.416 E .55(signing a v)144 588 R -.55(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)3.05 E F0 .551 -(initializes \(seeds\) the sequence of random numbers.)2.801 F(If)5.551 -E F2(RANDOM)3.051 E F0(is)2.801 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 600 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(READLINE_ARGUMENT)108 612 Q F0(An)144 624 Q 4.456(yn)-.15 G -1.956(umeric ar)-4.456 F 1.956(gument gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.456(nt) -.15 G 4.456(oaR)-4.456 G 1.956(eadline command that w)-4.456 F 1.956 -(as de\214ned using)-.1 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 1.955(bind -x)4.455 F F0 -(\(see)4.455 E F2(SHELL B)144 636 Q(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0 -(belo)2.25 E(w\) when it w)-.25 E(as in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -(d.).1 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 648 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 660 -R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) --.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F F4 1.547(bind -x)4.047 -F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.547(TIN COM-) --.828 F(MANDS)144 672 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(READLINE_MARK)108 -684 Q F0 .107(The position of the mark \(sa)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.607(di).15 G .107(nsertion point\) in the)-2.607 F F1 -.18(re)2.606 G -(adline).18 E F0 .106(line b)2.606 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.606(,f)-.4 G -.106(or use with)-2.606 F F4 .106(bind -x)2.606 F F0(\(see)144 708 Q F2 -1.016(SHELL B)3.516 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.016(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.266 E 3.516(w\). The)-.25 F 1.017 -(characters between the insertion point and the)3.516 F -(mark are often called the)144 720 Q F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(14)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ger between 0 and 32767.)-.15 F(As-)5.417 E .551(signing a v)144 588 R +.551(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)3.051 E F0 .551 +(initializes \(seeds\) the sequence of random numbers.)2.801 F(If)5.55 E +F2(RANDOM)3.05 E F0(is)2.8 E(unset, it loses its special properties, e) +144 600 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5 +(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(READLINE_ARGUMENT)108 612 Q F0 +(An)144 624 Q 4.455(yn)-.15 G 1.955(umeric ar)-4.455 F 1.955(gument gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.455(nt).15 G 4.456(oaR)-4.455 G 1.956 +(eadline command that w)-4.456 F 1.956(as de\214ned using)-.1 F/F4 10 +/Courier@0 SF 1.956(bind -x)4.456 F F0(\(see)4.456 E F2(SHELL B)144 636 +Q(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\) when it w)-.25 E +(as in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 648 Q +F0 1.547(The contents of the)144 660 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E +F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547 +(or use with)-4.047 F F4 1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.546 +(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 672 Q F0 +(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(READLINE_MARK)108 684 Q F0 .106 +(The position of the mark \(sa)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.606(di).15 G +.106(nsertion point\) in the)-2.606 F F1 -.18(re)2.607 G(adline).18 E F0 +.107(line b)2.607 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.607(,f)-.4 G .107(or use with) +-2.607 F F4 .107(bind -x)2.607 F F0(\(see)144 708 Q F2 1.017(SHELL B) +3.517 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.017(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.267 E 3.516 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.016(characters between the insertion point and the) +3.516 F(mark are often called the)144 720 Q F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(gion)-.03 E +F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(14)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(READLINE_POINT)108 84 Q F0 .314 +SF(READLINE_POINT)108 84 Q F0 .313 (The position of the insertion point in the)144 96 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0 -(\(see)2.813 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 108 S(IL) +.313(or use with)-2.813 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0 +(\(see)2.814 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 108 S(IL) .09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 120 Q (Y)-.92 E F0(Set to the line of input read by the)144 132 Q F1 -.18(re) 2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E -(guments are supplied.)-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 144 Q F0 .177 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 156 R .178 +(guments are supplied.)-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 144 Q F0 .178 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 156 R .177 (xpands to the number of seconds since shell in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation.).2 E .713(If a v)144 168 R .712(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F3 +(cation.).2 E .712(If a v)144 168 R .712(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F3 (SECONDS)3.212 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .712(the v)2.962 F .712 -(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .627 +(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .628 (of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 180 R .627 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F .628(The number of seconds at shell in)5.627 F --.2(vo)-.4 G(ca-).2 E .112(tion and the current time are al)144 192 R +(alue assigned.)-.25 F .627(The number of seconds at shell in)5.627 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G(ca-).2 E .111(tion and the current time are al)144 192 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .111(ys determined by querying the system clock.).1 F(If) -5.111 E F3(SECONDS)2.611 E F0 .111(is un-)2.361 F +5.112 E F3(SECONDS)2.612 E F0 .112(is un-)2.362 F (set, it loses its special properties, e)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 216 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 228 S .763 -(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) +-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 216 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 228 S .763 +(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 240 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F -F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 1.173 -(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E -3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 252 R F3 -(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F5 10 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 240 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F +F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 1.174 +(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E +3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 252 R F3 +(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 -5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02 +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 (ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 264 Q F1(bash) -3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 +3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 276 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 288 Q (VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 300 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(SRANDOM)108 312 Q F0 .76(This v)144 -324 R .76(ariable e)-.25 F .761(xpands to a 32-bit pseudo-random number\ - each time it is referenced. The random)-.15 F .565 +(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(SRANDOM)108 312 Q F0 .761(This v)144 +324 R .761(ariable e)-.25 F .761(xpands to a 32-bit pseudo-random numbe\ +r each time it is referenced. The random)-.15 F .564 (number generator is not linear on systems that support)144 336 R F2 -(/dev/urandom)3.064 E F0(or)3.064 E F5(ar)3.064 E(c4r)-.37 E(andom)-.15 -E F0 3.064(,s)C 3.064(oe)-3.064 G(ach)-3.064 E .788 +(/dev/urandom)3.065 E F0(or)3.065 E F5(ar)3.065 E(c4r)-.37 E(andom)-.15 +E F0 3.065(,s)C 3.065(oe)-3.065 G(ach)-3.065 E .788 (returned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it.)144 -348 R .788(The random number generator)5.788 F .088 +348 R .787(The random number generator)5.787 F .087 (cannot be seeded, so assignments to this v)144 360 R .087(ariable ha) --.25 F .387 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.587(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.587 G 2.587 -(ect. If).25 F F3(SRANDOM)2.587 E F0 .087(is unset, it loses its)2.337 F +-.25 F .387 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.587(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.587 G 2.588 +(ect. If).25 F F3(SRANDOM)2.588 E F0 .088(is unset, it loses its)2.338 F (special properties, e)144 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(UID)108 384 Q F0(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 384 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 400.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 400.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 (alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 412.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 429.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 -.503(The v)144 441.6 R .502(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F 3.002 +.502(The v)144 441.6 R .502(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F 3.002 (sc)-.55 G .502(ompatibility le)-3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(l. See).15 -F F3 .502(SHELL COMP)3.002 F -.855(AT)-.666 G .502(IBILITY MODE).855 F -F0(be-)2.752 E(lo)144 453.6 Q 2.662(wf)-.25 G .162 -(or a description of the v)-2.662 F .162(arious compatibility le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .162(ls and their ef).15 F 2.663(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 -(va)2.663 G .163(lue may be a dec-).25 F .33 +F F3 .503(SHELL COMP)3.002 F -.855(AT)-.666 G .503(IBILITY MODE).855 F +F0(be-)2.753 E(lo)144 453.6 Q 2.663(wf)-.25 G .163 +(or a description of the v)-2.663 F .162(arious compatibility le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .162(ls and their ef).15 F 2.662(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 +(va)2.662 G .162(lue may be a dec-).25 F .33 (imal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte)144 465.6 R .33 (ger \(e.g., 42\) corresponding to the desired compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.83(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)144 477.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95 -(AT)-.74 G F0 .86 -(is unset or set to the empty string, the compatibility le)4.31 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.361(li).15 G 3.361(ss)-3.361 G .861(et to the def)-3.361 F -(ault)-.1 E .39(for the current v)144 489.6 R 2.89(ersion. If)-.15 F F1 --.3(BA)2.89 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 .39(is set to a v)3.84 F -.39(alue that is not one of the v)-.25 F .39(alid compati-)-.25 F .277 +(AT)-.74 G F0 .861 +(is unset or set to the empty string, the compatibility le)4.311 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.36(li).15 G 3.36(ss)-3.36 G .86(et to the def)-3.36 F(ault) +-.1 E .39(for the current v)144 489.6 R 2.89(ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3 +(BA)2.89 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 .39(is set to a v)3.84 F .39 +(alue that is not one of the v)-.25 F .39(alid compati-)-.25 F .278 (bility le)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .278 (ls, the shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility le).15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.778(lt).15 G 2.778(ot)-2.778 G .278(he def)-2.778 F -.278(ault for the)-.1 F 1.401(current v)144 513.6 R 3.901(ersion. The) --.15 F -.25(va)3.901 G 1.401(lid v).25 F 1.401 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.777(lt).15 G 2.777(ot)-2.777 G .277(he def)-2.777 F +.277(ault for the)-.1 F 1.4(current v)144 513.6 R 3.9(ersion. The)-.15 F +-.25(va)3.901 G 1.401(lid v).25 F 1.401 (alues correspond to the compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.401 -(ls described belo).15 F 3.9(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.9 E F3 .153(SHELL COMP) -144 525.6 R -.855(AT)-.666 G .153(IBILITY MODE).855 F F4(.)A F0 -.15(Fo) -4.653 G 2.653(re).15 G .154(xample, 4.2 and 42 are v)-2.803 F .154 -(alid v)-.25 F .154(alues that correspond to the)-.25 F F1 .774 +(ls described belo).15 F 3.901(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.901 E F3 .154 +(SHELL COMP)144 525.6 R -.855(AT)-.666 G .154(IBILITY MODE).855 F F4(.)A +F0 -.15(Fo)4.654 G 2.654(re).15 G .154(xample, 4.2 and 42 are v)-2.804 F +.153(alid v)-.25 F .153(alues that correspond to the)-.25 F F1 .773 (compat42 shopt)144 537.6 R F0 .774(option and set the compatibility le) -3.274 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.274(lt).15 G 3.274(o4)-3.274 G 3.274(2. The) --3.274 F .774(current v)3.274 F .773(ersion is also a v)-.15 F(alid)-.25 +3.273 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.274(lt).15 G 3.274(o4)-3.274 G 3.274(2. The) +-3.274 F .774(current v)3.274 F .774(ersion is also a v)-.15 F(alid)-.25 E -.25(va)144 549.6 S(lue.).25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 561.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 -.505(If this parameter is set when)144 573.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505 -(is e)3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F -.506(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .391 +.506(If this parameter is set when)144 573.6 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506 +(is e)3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F +.505(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .39 (containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 585.6 R F5 -(~/.bashr)2.39 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.39(.T).31 G .39(he v)-5.39 F .39(alue of) --.25 F F3 -.27(BA)2.89 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .39(is subjected)2.64 F .525 -(to parameter e)144 597.6 R .525 +(~/.bashr)2.39 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.39(.T).31 G .39(he v)-5.39 F .391 +(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.27(BA)2.891 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .391(is subjected) +2.641 F .525(to parameter e)144 597.6 R .525 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 (xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 609.6 Q F3 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 621.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 633.6 -R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 -F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F -(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 645.6 R F2 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 +108 621.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 633.6 +R .48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 +F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 645.6 R F2 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 (is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G 3.114 (he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 657.6 S (SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G (SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 -669.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F3 -.27(BA)144 +669.6 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53(ote that setting)-7.53 F F3 -.27(BA)144 681.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \ -\214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F +\214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.99 F (standard error being closed.)144 693.6 Q F1(CDP)108 705.6 Q -.95(AT) --.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 717.6 R F1(cd)3.747 -E F0 3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 -(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 +-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144 717.6 R F1(cd)3.748 +E F0 3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 +(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 (shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 729.6 R -F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 -(alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(15)199.835 E +F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 +(alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(15)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -2097,50 +2099,50 @@ BP (".:~:/usr")144 84 Q F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(CHILD_MAX)108 96 Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 108 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 F .997 (alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F 5.997(.B)-.55 G .997 -(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.498 E -.25(va)144 120 -S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 -(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.077 +(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.497(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.497 E -.25(va)144 120 +S 1.077(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 +(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.078 (alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 132 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.)-.25 E -F2(COLUMNS)108 144 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 156 R F2(select)3.328 E F0 -.829(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing sel\ -ection)3.328 F 3.466(lists. Automatically)144 168 R .966(set if the) +F2(COLUMNS)108 144 Q F0 .829(Used by the)144 156 R F2(select)3.329 E F0 +.828(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing sel\ +ection)3.329 F 3.466(lists. Automatically)144 168 R .966(set if the) 3.466 F F2(checkwinsize)3.466 E F0 .966 (option is enabled or in an interacti)3.466 F 1.266 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .966(hell upon re-).15 F(ceipt of a)144 180 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(COMPREPL)108 192 Q(Y)-.92 E -F0 .847(An array v)144 204 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F2(bash) +F0 .848(An array v)144 204 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F2(bash) 3.348 E F0 .848 (reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F (in)144 216 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G .285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F2 (Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785 (w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 -228 Q F2(EMA)108 240 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 252 Q F2(bash)2.535 E F0 .035 -(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F1(t)2.536 E -F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F +228 Q F2(EMA)108 240 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 252 Q F2(bash)2.536 E F0 .036 +(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F1(t)2.535 E +F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F (shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 264 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F2(ENV)108 276 Q F0 .671 -(Expanded and e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .671(cuted similarly to).15 F -F3 -.27(BA)3.17 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0(\(see)2.92 E F2(INV)3.17 E(OCA)-.45 E -(TION)-.95 E F0(abo)3.17 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.17(\)w).15 G .67 -(hen an interacti)-3.17 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(shell is in)144 288 Q -.2(vo) +(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F2(ENV)108 276 Q F0 .67 +(Expanded and e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .67(cuted similarly to).15 F F3 +-.27(BA)3.17 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0(\(see)2.92 E F2(INV)3.17 E(OCA)-.45 E +(TION)-.95 E F0(abo)3.171 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.171(\)w).15 G .671 +(hen an interacti)-3.171 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(shell is in)144 288 Q -.2(vo) -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G(n)-2.5 E/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(EXECIGNORE)108 300 Q F0 2.716(Ac)144 312 S -.216(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.716 F F2 -.1(Pa) -2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C .217 -(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .117 -(ignored by command search using)144 324 R F2 -.74(PA)2.617 G(TH)-.21 E -F0 5.117(.F)C .116 -(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.117 F 1.432 +(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(EXECIGNORE)108 300 Q F0 2.717(Ac)144 312 S +.217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F2 -.1(Pa) +2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C .216 +(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 +(ignored by command search using)144 324 R F2 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 E +F0 5.116(.F)C .117 +(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 (are not considered e)144 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.433(cution via).15 F F2 -.74(PA)144 348 S(TH)-.21 E F0 -2.909(lookup. This)2.909 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) +(xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F2 -.74(PA)144 348 S(TH)-.21 E F0 +2.908(lookup. This)2.908 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) -.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F2([)2.908 E F0(,)A F2(test)2.908 E F0 -2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F2([[)2.908 E F0 2.908(commands. Full)2.908 F -(pathnames)2.908 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 +2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F2([[)2.908 E F0 2.909(commands. Full)2.908 F +(pathnames)2.909 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 360 R F2(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 (ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 372 R 1.67 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.37(he e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 @@ -2149,90 +2151,90 @@ F0 5.117(.F)C .116 (honors the setting of the)144 384 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.) 2.5 E F2(FCEDIT)108 396 Q F0(The def)144 408 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F2(FIGNORE)108 420 Q F0 -2.598(Ac)144 432 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E +2.599(Ac)144 432 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E .098(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 -(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 444 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F .205 -(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 +(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 444 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 +(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 (xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 456 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F1(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F2(FUNCNEST)108 -468 Q F0 .23(If set to a numeric v)144 480 R .231 +468 Q F0 .231(If set to a numeric v)144 480 R .231 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.731(l. Function).15 F(in)2.731 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. Function).15 F(in)2.73 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E (cations that e)144 492 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F2 -(GLOBIGNORE)108 504 Q F0 2.924(Ac)144 516 S .423(olon-separated list of\ +(GLOBIGNORE)108 504 Q F0 2.923(Ac)144 516 S .423(olon-separated list of\ patterns de\214ning the set of \214le names to be ignored by pathname \ -e)-2.924 F(xpan-)-.15 E 2.947(sion. If)144 528 R 2.947<618c>2.947 G .447 -(le name matched by a pathname e)-2.947 F .448 +e)-2.923 F(xpan-)-.15 E 2.948(sion. If)144 528 R 2.948<618c>2.948 G .448 +(le name matched by a pathname e)-2.948 F .447 (xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F3 (GLOBIGNORE)144 540 Q F4(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df) .15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 552 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 -2.654(Ac)144 564 S .153(olon-separated list of v)-2.654 F .153 +2.653(Ac)144 564 S .153(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153 (alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.) --2.653 F .153(If the list)5.153 F .49(of v)144 576 R .49(alues includes) +-2.653 F .154(If the list)5.153 F .49(of v)144 576 R .49(alues includes) -.25 F F5(ignor)3 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.99(,l).18 G .49(ines which be) -2.99 F .49(gin with a)-.15 F F2(space)2.99 E F0 .49 (character are not sa)2.99 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 G -.49(he his-)-2.99 F .558(tory list.)144 588 R 3.058(Av)5.558 G .558 -(alue of)-3.308 F F5(ignor)3.068 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .558 -(causes lines matching the pre)3.328 F .557 -(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.925 -(Av)144 600 S .425(alue of)-3.175 F F5(ignor)2.935 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.426(is shorthand for)3.205 F F5(ignor)2.926 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.926 E F5(ignor)2.926 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.426(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .426 -(lue of).25 F F5(er)3.116 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)3.196 E .699 +.49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 588 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 +(alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 +(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 +(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.926 +(Av)144 600 S .426(alue of)-3.176 F F5(ignor)2.936 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +.426(is shorthand for)3.206 F F5(ignor)2.926 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) +2.926 E F5(ignor)2.926 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.426(.A)C -.25(va)-2.501 G +.425(lue of).25 F F5(er)3.115 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)3.195 E .698 (all pre)144 612 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.198(df).15 G .698(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 624 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.763(d. An).15 F 2.763(yv)-.15 G .263 -(alue not in the abo)-3.013 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 -(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .264 -(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.942(av)144 636 S .442(alid v) --3.192 F .442(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.941(do).15 G 2.941(nt)-2.941 G .441 -(he history list, subject to the v)-2.941 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F3 +3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F +(sa)144 624 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 +(alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 +(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 +(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 636 S .441(alid v) +-3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 +(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F3 (HISTIGNORE)144 648 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ -f a multi-line compound command are not)6.481 F +f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F (tested, and are added to the history re)144 660 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) A F2(HISTFILE)108 672 Q F0 .181 (The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 684 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F3(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.681(w\). 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If).15 F .428(the v)2.928 F .428 -(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F .427 -(Non-numeric v)5.427 F .427(alues and numeric)-.25 F -.25(va)144 144 S +.066(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .065(The history \214le is also tr\ +uncated to this size after writing it when a shell)5.066 F -.15(ex)144 +132 S 2.927(its. If).15 F .427(the v)2.927 F .428 +(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F .428 +(Non-numeric v)5.428 F .428(alues and numeric)-.25 F -.25(va)144 144 S .152(lues less than zero inhibit truncation.).25 F .152 (The shell sets the def)5.152 F .152(ault v)-.1 F .152(alue to the v) --.25 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)2.652 E F0(after reading an)144 +-.25 F .151(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)2.651 E F0(after reading an)144 156 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 168 Q F0 -2.658(Ac)144 180 S .158(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ -which command lines should be sa)-2.658 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.657(do).15 G -2.657(nt)-2.657 G .157(he his-)-2.657 F .707(tory list.)144 192 R .707 -(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.707 F .708 -(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .626 -(\(no implicit `)144 204 R F1(*)A F0 3.126('i)C 3.126(sa)-3.126 G 3.126 -(ppended\). Each)-3.126 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.126 F .625 +2.657(Ac)144 180 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ +which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G +2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 192 R .708 +(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 +(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 +(\(no implicit `)144 204 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 +(ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 (ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)144 216 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F @@ -2243,29 +2245,29 @@ F1(&)A F0(')A 1.44(matches the pre)144 228 R 1.44(vious history line.) F 1.45(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)6.45 F 1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 252 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)3.769 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(HISTIGNORE)3.77 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 (The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 264 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 276 Q F0 1.387 (The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 288 R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) --.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 300 S .413(lue is 0, commands are not sa) +-.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 300 S .412(lue is 0, commands are not sa) .25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.913(di).15 G 2.913(nt)-2.913 G .413 -(he history list.)-2.913 F .413(Numeric v)5.413 F .412 -(alues less than zero result in e)-.25 F(v-)-.25 E .343 -(ery command being sa)144 312 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.843(do).15 G 2.843(nt) --2.843 G .343(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.843 F .344 -(The shell sets the def)5.343 F .344(ault v)-.1 F .344(alue to)-.25 F +(he history list.)-2.913 F .413(Numeric v)5.413 F .413 +(alues less than zero result in e)-.25 F(v-)-.25 E .344 +(ery command being sa)144 312 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.844(do).15 G 2.844(nt) +-2.844 G .343(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.844 F .343 +(The shell sets the def)5.343 F .343(ault v)-.1 F .343(alue to)-.25 F (500 after reading an)144 324 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1 -(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 336 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 348 R .952 -(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 +(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 336 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 348 R .951 +(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 (alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951(\(3\) to print the)B .672 +(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952(\(3\) to print the)B .673 (time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 360 -R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) -3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) +3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 (set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 372 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 384 Q F1(HOME)108 396 Q F0 1.27 (The home directory of the current user; the def)144 408 R 1.27(ault ar) @@ -2275,70 +2277,70 @@ F1(HOME)108 396 Q F0 1.27 (HOSTFILE)108 432 Q F0 1.015 (Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 444 R F4 (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 456 R .551 +.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 456 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 468 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 +1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 468 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 (alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 480 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) -2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 -.138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F .518 -(does not name a readable \214le,)144 492 R F1(bash)3.018 E F0 .518 -(attempts to read)3.018 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517 -(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 504 +.138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138(alue, or)-.25 F .517 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 492 R F1(bash)3.017 E F0 .517 +(attempts to read)3.017 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 .518 +(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 504 Q(When)5 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) -2.25 E F1(IFS)108 516 Q F0(The)144 516 Q F4 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 -(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556 -(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 +2.25 E F1(IFS)108 516 Q F0(The)144 516 Q F4 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 +(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556 +(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 528 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E (`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 540 Q F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 552 R .803 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) 144 564 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 (on an input line before)144 576 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 588 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 588 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E F2(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 600 Q F0 .26(The \214lename for the)144 612 R F1 -.18(re) -2.76 G(adline).18 E F0 .26(startup \214le, o)2.76 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rriding the def).15 F .261(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)4.427 E(c)-.37 E -F0(\(see)4.427 E F2(READLINE)2.761 E F0(be-)2.511 E(lo)144 624 Q(w\).) --.25 E F1(INSIDE_EMA)108 636 Q(CS)-.55 E F0 .034(If this v)144 648 R -.034(ariable appears in the en)-.25 F .034 -(vironment when the shell starts,)-.4 F F1(bash)2.533 E F0 .033 -(assumes that it is running in-)2.533 F(side an Emacs shell b)144 660 Q +(INPUTRC)108 600 Q F0 .261(The \214lename for the)144 612 R F1 -.18(re) +2.761 G(adline).18 E F0 .261(startup \214le, o)2.761 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +.26(rriding the def).15 F .26(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)4.426 E(c)-.37 +E F0(\(see)4.426 E F2(READLINE)2.76 E F0(be-)2.51 E(lo)144 624 Q(w\).) +-.25 E F1(INSIDE_EMA)108 636 Q(CS)-.55 E F0 .033(If this v)144 648 R +.033(ariable appears in the en)-.25 F .033 +(vironment when the shell starts,)-.4 F F1(bash)2.534 E F0 .034 +(assumes that it is running in-)2.534 F(side an Emacs shell b)144 660 Q (uf)-.2 E(fer and may disable line editing, depending on the v)-.25 E -(alue of)-.25 E F1(TERM)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LANG)108 672 Q F0 1.239 +(alue of)-.25 E F1(TERM)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LANG)108 672 Q F0 1.24 (Used to determine the locale cate)144 672 R 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F -3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 +3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 684 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 696 Q F0 .974 -(This v)144 708 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 +(starting with)144 684 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 696 Q F0 .973 +(This v)144 708 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 (rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F2(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) 3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G -.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 720 Q(.)-.65 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(17)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +.974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 720 Q(.)-.65 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(17)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(LC_COLLA)108 84 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 96 R .412(ariable det\ +SF(LC_COLLA)108 84 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 96 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname 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A)-.25 F .472 +5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 492 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 (zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 504 S -.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 516 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 516 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) -.1 F(administrator who installs)144 528 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C (common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF (/usr/local/bin:/usr/lo-)2.5 E(cal/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin) -144 540 Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 552 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v) -144 564 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1 +144 540 Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 552 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v) +144 564 R .472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1 (bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .471(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 576 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 588 Q F1(bash) -4.497 E F0(enables)4.497 E F5 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C +4.498 E F0(enables)4.498 E F5 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C 4.497(si)-4.497 G 4.497(ft)-4.497 G 1.997(he command)-4.497 F F4 1.997 -(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.998(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.997(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) .15 E(When the shell enters)144 600 Q F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C 2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E(ariable if it w)-.25 E (as not already set.)-.1 E F1(PR)108 612 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 .155 @@ -2432,7 +2434,7 @@ E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 720 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E (18)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -2440,41 +2442,41 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(PS1)108 84 Q F0 .064(The v)144 84 R .065(alue of this parameter is e) +SF(PS1)108 84 Q F0 .065(The v)144 84 R .065(alue of this parameter is e) -.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.565 E (OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065(w\) and used as the primary prompt) -.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 96 R(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E (`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 108 Q -F0 .118(The v)144 108 R .118(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.617 E F0 .117 -(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The)5.117 E(def)144 +F0 .117(The v)144 108 R .117(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.617 E F0 .118 +(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The)5.118 E(def)144 120 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS3) -108 132 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 132 R 1.115 +108 132 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 132 R 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) -144 144 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 156 Q F0 -.101(The v)144 156 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 168 Q F0 .334 -(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F +3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) +144 144 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 156 Q F0 .1 +(The v)144 156 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 168 Q F0 .335 +(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F +(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-)2.584 F (cated multiple times, as necessary)144 180 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E (The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1 -(SHELL)108 192 Q F0 .543(This v)144 204 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543 -(xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .542 -(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F1(bash)3.042 E F0 +(SHELL)108 192 Q F0 .542(This v)144 204 R .542(ariable e)-.25 F .542 +(xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .543 +(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F1(bash)3.043 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 216 Q 2.5(sl) --.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 228 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v) +-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 228 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v) 144 240 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 252 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 -(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 252 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 +(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 (an escape sequence that is e)144 264 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F (and their meanings are as follo)144 276 Q (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 294 Q F0 2.5 (Al)194 294 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 306 Q/F3 10 @@ -2486,20 +2488,20 @@ F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 (The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 342 Q .87 (The optional)144 358.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) -144 370.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 382.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3 -(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 394.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 411.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) +144 370.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 382.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 +(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E +F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 394.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 411.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 423.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 -(If this v)144 440.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 423.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 +(If this v)144 440.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 144 452.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 @@ -2508,198 +2510,198 @@ E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 476.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 488.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) -.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 (ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 -G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 500.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F -.886(ing from a terminal.)144 512.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 500.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F +.885(ing from a terminal.)144 512.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 (alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 524.4 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 536.4 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 548.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 560.4 -R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 572.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55 -G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 584.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 596.4 -R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 608.4 R +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 548.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 560.4 +R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 572.4 Q 2.5(su) +-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 584.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 +596.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 +(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 608.4 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 620.4 S .366(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F -1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -632.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 644.4 Q 1.132 + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 620.4 S .367(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F +1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +632.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 644.4 Q 1.133 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 -(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .606 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 +(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .605 (match the name of a stopped job e)144 656.4 R .606(xactly; if set to) --.15 F F3(substring)3.445 E F0 3.105(,t).22 G .605 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.105 F .884 +-.15 F F3(substring)3.446 E F0 3.106(,t).22 G .606 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.106 F .885 (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 668.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 680.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E -F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 680.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E +F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 692.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 704.4 Q(.)-.55 -E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(19)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 704.4 Q(.)-.55 +E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(19)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(histchars)108 84 Q F0 .546(The tw)144 96 R 3.046(oo)-.1 G 3.046(rt) --3.046 G .546(hree characters which control history e)-3.046 F .545 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F .545(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HIST)3.045 E(OR)-.162 E 2.795(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.795 E -.666(PA)144 108 S -(NSION).666 E F0(belo)2.987 E 3.237(w\). The)-.25 F .737 -(\214rst character is the)3.237 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .737 -(history e)3.237 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.238 E 3.238(,t)-.4 G -.738(he character which sig-)-3.238 F .761 -(nals the start of a history e)144 120 R .761(xpansion, normally `)-.15 -F F1(!)A F0 3.261('. The)B .76(second character is the)3.261 F F3(quic) -3.26 E 3.26(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-3.26 E F0(character)144 132 Q 3.476 -(,w)-.4 G .977(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-3.476 F -.977(vious command entered, substituting)-.25 F .131 -(one string for another in the command.)144 144 R .131(The def)5.131 F -.131(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 2.63('. The)B .13 -(optional third character is the char)2.63 F(-)-.2 E .276(acter which i\ -ndicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \ -\214rst character)144 156 R .46(of a w)144 168 R .46(ord, normally `)-.1 -F F1(#)A F0 2.959('. The)B .459 +SF(histchars)108 84 Q F0 .545(The tw)144 96 R 3.045(oo)-.1 G 3.045(rt) +-3.045 G .545(hree characters which control history e)-3.045 F .546 +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F .546(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HIST)3.046 E(OR)-.162 E 2.796(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.796 E -.666(PA)144 108 S +(NSION).666 E F0(belo)2.988 E 3.238(w\). The)-.25 F .738 +(\214rst character is the)3.238 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .737 +(history e)3.237 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.237 E 3.237(,t)-.4 G +.737(he character which sig-)-3.237 F .76(nals the start of a history e) +144 120 R .761(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.261('. The)B .761 +(second character is the)3.261 F F3(quic)3.261 E 3.261(ks)-.2 G +(ubstitution)-3.261 E F0(character)144 132 Q 3.477(,w)-.4 G .977 +(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-3.477 F .976 +(vious command entered, substituting)-.25 F .13 +(one string for another in the command.)144 144 R .131(The def)5.13 F +.131(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 2.631('. The)B .131 +(optional third character is the char)2.631 F(-)-.2 E .276(acter which \ +indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the\ + \214rst character)144 156 R .459(of a w)144 168 R .459(ord, normally `) +-.1 F F1(#)A F0 2.959('. The)B .459 (history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped) -2.959 F .466(for the remaining w)144 180 R .466(ords on the line.)-.1 F -.467(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest) +2.959 F .467(for the remaining w)144 180 R .467(ords on the line.)-.1 F +.466(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest) 5.467 F(of the line as a comment.)144 192 Q F1(Arrays)87 208.8 Q(Bash) -108 220.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) --.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 +108 220.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 (ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 232.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.329(an array)108 244.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 -(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 256.8 R +2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.328(an array)108 244.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 +(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 256.8 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 268.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 285.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 297.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A -F0 5.506(.T)C(he)-5.506 E F3(subscript)3.346 E F0 .507 +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 285.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F3(name)4.963 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 297.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A +F0 5.507(.T)C(he)-5.507 E F3(subscript)3.347 E F0 .507 (is treated as an arithmetic e)3.687 F .507(xpression that must e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G .507(luate to a number).25 F 5.507(.T)-.55 G 3.007(oe) --6.307 G(x-)-3.157 E 1.193(plicitly declare an inde)108 309.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.693(da).15 G(rray)-3.693 E 3.693(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.693 E F1 -(declar)3.693 E 3.693<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.693 E F3(name)3.693 E F0(\(see) -3.692 E F2 1.192(SHELL B)3.692 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.192(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F -F0(belo)3.442 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(de-)6.192 E(clar)108 321.6 Q 2.5<65ad> +-.25(va)-.25 G .507(luate to a number).25 F 5.506(.T)-.55 G 3.006(oe) +-6.306 G(x-)-3.156 E 1.192(plicitly declare an inde)108 309.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.692(da).15 G(rray)-3.692 E 3.692(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.692 E F1 +(declar)3.692 E 3.693<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.693 E F3(name)3.693 E F0(\(see) +3.693 E F2 1.193(SHELL B)3.693 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.193(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F +F0(belo)3.443 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(de-)6.193 E(clar)108 321.6 Q 2.5<65ad> -.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0 (is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E (Associati)108 338.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 -355.2 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 -(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 --.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F -(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 367.2 Q +355.2 Q .941(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 +(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 +-.18(re)3.44 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F +(attrib)3.44 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 367.2 Q (.)-.65 E 1.647 (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 384 R F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F3(value)108 396 Q F0 .211(may be of the form [)2.711 F F3 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) +-4.148 F F3(value)108 396 Q F0 .212(may be of the form [)2.712 F F3 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 5.211(.I)C(nde)-5.211 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.711(da).15 G .212(rray assignments do not require an)-2.711 F .212 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)2.712 E F0(.)A(Each)108 408 Q F3 -(value)2.53 E F0 .029(in the list is e)2.529 F .029 +G 2.711(da).15 G .211(rray assignments do not require an)-2.711 F .211 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)2.711 E F0(.)A(Each)108 408 Q F3 +(value)2.529 E F0 .029(in the list is e)2.529 F .029 (xpanded using all the shell e)-.15 F .029(xpansions described belo)-.15 F 2.529(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.529 E F2(EXP)2.529 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(When)4.529 E .995(assigning to inde)108 420 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.495(da).15 G .995(rrays, if the optional brack)-3.495 F -.996(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 3.496(xi)-.15 G -3.496(sa)-3.496 G .996(ssigned to;)-3.496 F .417(otherwise the inde)108 -432 R 2.917(xo)-.15 G 2.917(ft)-2.917 G .417 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-2.917 F 2.917(xa)-.15 G .416 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-2.917 F(Inde)5.416 E(x-)-.15 E +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(When)4.53 E .996(assigning to inde)108 420 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.496(da).15 G .996(rrays, if the optional brack)-3.496 F +.996(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 3.495(xi)-.15 G +3.495(sa)-3.495 G .995(ssigned to;)-3.495 F .416(otherwise the inde)108 +432 R 2.916(xo)-.15 G 2.916(ft)-2.916 G .417 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-2.916 F 2.917(xa)-.15 G .417 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-2.917 F(Inde)5.417 E(x-)-.15 E (ing starts at zero.)108 444 Q 1.288(When assigning to an associati)108 460.8 R 1.588 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 3.788(,t)-.65 G 1.288(he w) -3.788 F 1.288(ords in a compound assignment may be either assignment) -.1 F .608 (statements, for which the subscript is required, or a list of w)108 472.8 R .608(ords that is interpreted as a sequence of alter)-.1 F(-)-.2 -E 1.956(nating k)108 484.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.456(sa).15 G 1.956(nd v) --4.456 F(alues:)-.25 E F3(name)4.456 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F3 -.1(ke)4.456 G +E 1.957(nating k)108 484.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.457(sa).15 G 1.957(nd v) +-4.457 F(alues:)-.25 E F3(name)4.457 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F3 -.1(ke)4.457 G 1.957(y1 value1 k)-.2 F -.3(ey)-.1 G 4.457(2v).3 G(alue2)-4.457 E F0 -(...)4.457 E F1(\))A F0 6.957(.T)C 1.957 -(hese are treated identically to)-6.957 F F3(name)4.457 E F0(=)A F1(\()A -F0([)108 496.8 Q F3 -.1(ke)C(y1)-.2 E F0(]=)A F3(value1)A F0([)3.133 E -F3 -.1(ke)C(y2)-.2 E F0(]=)A F3(value2)A F0(...)3.133 E F1(\))A F0 5.633 -(.T)C .633(he \214rst w)-5.633 F .633(ord in the list determines ho)-.1 -F 3.132(wt)-.25 G .632(he remaining w)-3.132 F .632(ords are inter)-.1 F -(-)-.2 E .153 +(...)4.457 E F1(\))A F0 6.957(.T)C 1.956 +(hese are treated identically to)-6.957 F F3(name)4.456 E F0(=)A F1(\()A +F0([)108 496.8 Q F3 -.1(ke)C(y1)-.2 E F0(]=)A F3(value1)A F0([)3.132 E +F3 -.1(ke)C(y2)-.2 E F0(]=)A F3(value2)A F0(...)3.132 E F1(\))A F0 5.632 +(.T)C .632(he \214rst w)-5.632 F .633(ord in the list determines ho)-.1 +F 3.133(wt)-.25 G .633(he remaining w)-3.133 F .633(ords are inter)-.1 F +(-)-.2 E .154 (preted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type.)108 508.8 R -.154(When using k)5.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(/v).15 E .154(alue pairs, the k) --.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.654(sm).15 G .154(ay not be)-2.654 F +.153(When using k)5.153 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(/v).15 E .153(alue pairs, the k) +-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.653(sm).15 G .153(ay not be)-2.653 F (missing or empty; a \214nal missing v)108 520.8 Q(alue is treated lik) --.25 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(he empty string.)-2.5 E .24 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 537.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +-.25 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(he empty string.)-2.5 E .239 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 537.6 R F1(declar)2.739 E(e) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 549.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) -4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 561.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(of)108 573.6 Q F3(name)2.676 E F0 2.676(,s)C 2.676(on)-2.676 G -2.25 --.15(eg a)-2.676 H(ti).15 E .476 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .177 +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) +4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 561.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +(of)108 573.6 Q F3(name)2.677 E F0 2.677(,s)C 2.677(on)-2.677 G -2.25 +-.15(eg a)-2.677 H(ti).15 E .477 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .177 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 2.677(,a)-.65 G .177 -(nd an inde)-2.677 F 2.677(xo)-.15 G 2.677<66ad>-2.677 G 2.677(1r)-2.677 -G .177(eferences the last el-)-2.677 F(ement.)108 585.6 Q .717 -(The += operator will append to an array v)108 602.4 R .716 +(nd an inde)-2.677 F 2.676(xo)-.15 G 2.676<66ad>-2.676 G 2.676(1r)-2.676 +G .176(eferences the last el-)-2.676 F(ement.)108 585.6 Q .716 +(The += operator will append to an array v)108 602.4 R .717 (ariable when assigning using the compound assignment syntax;)-.25 F (see)108 614.4 Q F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(abo)2.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 631.2 Q 3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075 -(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F F3(name)A F0([)A -F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076(braces are required to a)3.576 F --.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542(con\215icts with pathname e)108 643.2 R 4.041 +(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 631.2 Q 3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076 +(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.576 F F3(name)A F0([)A +F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075(braces are required to a)3.575 F +-.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541(con\215icts with pathname e)108 643.2 R 4.041 (xpansion. If)-.15 F F3(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0 (or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e) --.1 F 1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 655.2 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 667.2 Q F3(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B -.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +-.1 F 1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 +(These subscripts dif)108 655.2 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 667.2 Q F3(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B +.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 679.2 R F2(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 +1.375(of the)108 679.2 R F2(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 (ariable, and ${)-.25 F F3(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 +(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) +3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 691.2 R F3(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 +2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759 (within a w)108 703.2 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 715.2 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 727.2 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 +F .228(to the e)108 727.2 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 (\). ${#).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]})A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(20)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(20)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2709,15 +2711,15 @@ BP .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0 ([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E /F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)3.386 E F0(or)3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t) -C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294 -(ments in the array)108 96 R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 +C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295 +(ments in the array)108 96 R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde) -3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .295(luates to a number).25 F .629 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 108 R .929 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G -3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .294(luates to a number).25 F .628 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 108 R .928 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G +3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (indices count back from the end of the array)108 120 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 @@ -2728,102 +2730,102 @@ E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 165.6 Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 182.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 -(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 194.4 S .749 +.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 182.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F2 +(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 194.4 S .75 (pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 206.4 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 223.2 Q F2(unset) -2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 235.2 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358 +-.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 235.2 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358 (or both inde)-2.858 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G .358(nd associati) -2.858 F .658 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.858(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E .658 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .358(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.858(da).15 G .358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.205 -(scribed abo)108 247.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.205(.U).15 G 1.205 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.205 F 1.204 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F2(unset)6.204 E F1 -(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(where)108 259.2 Q F1(name)3.412 E F0 .912 -(is an array)3.412 F 3.412(,r)-.65 G(emo)-3.412 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.412 -(st).15 G .912(he entire array)-3.412 F(.)-.65 E F2(unset)5.912 E F1 +2.858(da).15 G .358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.204 +(scribed abo)108 247.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.204(.U).15 G 1.204 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.204 F 1.205 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F2(unset)6.205 E F1 +(name)3.705 E F0(,)A(where)108 259.2 Q F1(name)3.413 E F0 .913 +(is an array)3.413 F 3.413(,r)-.65 G(emo)-3.413 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.413 +(st).15 G .912(he entire array)-3.413 F(.)-.65 E F2(unset)5.912 E F1 (name)3.412 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 .912(], where)B F1(subscript) -3.413 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(*)3.413 E F0(or)3.413 E F2(@)3.413 E F0 3.413 -(,b)C(e-)-3.413 E(ha)108 271.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.126(sd).15 G(if)-3.126 -E .626(ferently depending on whether)-.25 F F1(name)3.126 E F0 .626 -(is an inde)3.126 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.126(do).15 G 3.126(ra)-3.126 G -(ssociati)-3.126 E .925 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.625(.I)-.65 G(f) --5.625 E F1(name)3.125 E F0 .625(is an associati)3.125 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.412 E F0(is)3.412 E F2(*)3.412 E F0(or)3.412 E F2(@)3.412 E F0 3.412 +(,b)C(e-)-3.412 E(ha)108 271.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.125(sd).15 G(if)-3.125 +E .625(ferently depending on whether)-.25 F F1(name)3.125 E F0 .626 +(is an inde)3.125 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.126(do).15 G 3.126(ra)-3.126 G +(ssociati)-3.126 E .926 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.626(.I)-.65 G(f) +-5.626 E F1(name)3.126 E F0 .626(is an associati)3.126 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (array)108 283.2 Q 3.067(,t)-.65 G .567 (his unsets the element with subscript)-3.067 F F2(*)3.067 E F0(or)3.067 E F2(@)3.067 E F0 5.567(.I)C(f)-5.567 E F1(name)3.067 E F0 .567 (is an inde)3.067 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.067(da).15 G(rray)-3.067 E 3.067 (,u)-.65 G .567(nset remo)-3.067 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.067(sa).15 G .567 (ll of the)-3.067 F(elements b)108 295.2 Q(ut does not remo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H(he array itself.).15 E .029(When using a v)108 312 R -.029(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .028 -(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.528 E F0 2.528(,w)C -.028(ithout us-)-2.528 F .937(ing the w)108 324 R .937(ord e)-.1 F .937 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H(he array itself.).15 E .028(When using a v)108 312 R +.028(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .029 +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.529 E F0 2.529(,w)C +.029(ithout us-)-2.529 F .938(ing the w)108 324 R .938(ord e)-.1 F .938 (xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(,t).15 G .937 -(he ar)-3.437 F .938(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.438 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.438 E(name e)108 336 Q +(he ar)-3.437 F .937(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.437 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.437 E(name e)108 336 Q (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E -(The)108 352.8 Q F2(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)2.684 E F0 -2.684(,a)C(nd)-2.684 E F2 -.18(re)2.684 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G +(The)108 352.8 Q F2(declar)2.683 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)2.683 E F0 +2.683(,a)C(nd)-2.683 E F2 -.18(re)2.683 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .184(iltins each accept a).2 F F22.684 E F0 .184 -(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.683(da).15 G .183 -(rray and a)-2.683 F F22.683 E F0(op-)2.683 E .041 +(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.684(da).15 G .184 +(rray and a)-2.684 F F22.684 E F0(op-)2.684 E .042 (tion to specify an associati)108 364.8 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.041(.I)-.65 G 2.541(fb)-5.041 G .041(oth options are supplied,) -2.541 F F22.541 E F0(tak)2.541 E .041(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.041 E F2 -.18(re)2.542 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.542 G .042(iltin ac-).2 -F .864(cepts a)108 376.8 R F23.364 E F0 .864 -(option to assign a list of w)3.364 F .864 -(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.863(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.863 E F2(set)3.363 E F0(and)3.363 E F2(declar)3.363 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +5.041 E F2 -.18(re)2.541 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.541 G .041(iltin ac-).2 +F .863(cepts a)108 376.8 R F23.363 E F0 .864 +(option to assign a list of w)3.363 F .864 +(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.864(.T)-.65 G(he) +-5.864 E F2(set)3.364 E F0(and)3.364 E F2(declar)3.364 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)108 388.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 405.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 417.6 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 429.6 S .201(pansion performed:).15 F F1 -(br)2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201(tilde e) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 429.6 S .2(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) +2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201(tilde e) 2.831 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)3.951 E .201 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .2 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201 (command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 441.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) 2.83 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting) -2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0 -(.).24 E .418(The order of e)108 458.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 -F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F -.419(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 -S .196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 -F .195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +(.).24 E .419(The order of e)108 458.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 +F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F +.418(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 +S .195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 +F .196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) -.15 E(sion.)108 482.4 Q .257 (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 499.2 R .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 511.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .003(After these e)108 528 R .003 +-.15 E .002(After these e)108 528 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 -(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 540 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +-.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 +(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 540 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H (een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A .171(Only brace e)108 556.8 R .171(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 +E F0(\).)A .172(Only brace e)108 556.8 R .172(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .172(ords of the e)-.1 F -(x-)-.15 E .777(pansion; other e)108 568.8 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .171(ords of the e)-.1 F +(x-)-.15 E .776(pansion; other e)108 568.8 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F .776(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276 (ord. The)-.1 F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e) --.15 F(x-)-.15 E .695(pansions of ")108 580.8 R F2($@)A F0 3.195("a)C -.695(nd ")-3.195 F F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 .696 +-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .696(pansions of ")108 580.8 R F2($@)A F0 3.196("a)C +.696(nd ")-3.196 F F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 .696 (", and, in most cases,)B F2($*)3.196 E F0(and)3.196 E F2(${)3.196 E F1 -(name)A F2([*]})A F0 .696(as e)3.196 F .696(xplained abo)-.15 F .996 --.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.196 G(-).666 +(name)A F2([*]})A F0 .695(as e)3.196 F .695(xplained abo)-.15 F .995 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.195 G(-).666 E(RAMETERS)108 592.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 609.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 621.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F @@ -2831,24 +2833,24 @@ E(RAMETERS)108 592.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .074(form of an optional)108 645.6 R F1(pr)3.823 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .073(form of an optional)108 645.6 R F1(pr)3.823 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.573(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.573 E .073 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .489(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 657.6 R -.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.49(.T).68 G -.49(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.49 F .49(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(c\ -ontained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each\ - resulting string, e)108 669.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 -681.6 Q .718(Brace e)108 698.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F -.719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .49(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 657.6 R +.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.489(.T).68 G +.489(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.489 F .489(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 +(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ +ch resulting string, e)108 669.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 681.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 698.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 +F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) 108 710.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.149(As) -108 727.2 S .649(equence e)-3.149 F .649(xpression tak)-.15 F .649 +(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.148(As) +108 727.2 S .648(equence e)-3.148 F .648(xpression tak)-.15 F .649 (es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.149 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A F2(]})A F0 3.149(,w)C(here)-3.149 E F1(x)3.149 E F0(and)3.149 E F1(y) -3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .648 -(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2) +3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .649 +(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) 150.675 E(21)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -2859,42 +2861,42 @@ BP /Times-Italic@0 SF(incr)108 84 Q F0 2.615(,a)C 2.615(no)-2.615 G .115 (ptional increment, is an inte)-2.615 F(ger)-.15 E 5.115(.W)-.55 G .115 (hen inte)-5.115 F .115(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .115 -(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F 1.014(ber between) -108 96 R F1(x)3.514 E F0(and)3.514 E F1(y)3.513 E F0 3.513(,i)C(nclusi) +(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F 1.013(ber between) +108 96 R F1(x)3.513 E F0(and)3.513 E F1(y)3.513 E F0 3.513(,i)C(nclusi) -3.513 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.013(.S).15 G 1.013(upplied inte)-6.013 F 1.013 (gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F 1.013(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)3.513 E F0 1.013 -(to force each term to ha)3.513 F 1.313 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 -(same width.)108 108 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or)2.514 -E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell attempts \ -to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.131 +(to force each term to ha)3.513 F 1.314 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 +(same width.)108 108 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or)2.515 +E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell attempts \ +to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.13 (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 120 R 6.131 -(.W)-.65 G 1.13(hen letters are supplied, the e)-6.131 F 1.13 -(xpression e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .484(pands to each character le)108 132 R -.484(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)2.984 E F0(and)2.984 E F1(y) -2.984 E F0 2.984(,i)C(nclusi)-2.984 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.984(,u).15 G .485 -(sing the def)-2.984 F .485(ault C locale.)-.1 F .485(Note that)5.485 F -(both)108 144 Q F1(x)2.967 E F0(and)2.967 E F1(y)2.967 E F0 .467 -(must be of the same type \(inte)2.967 F .467(ger or letter\).)-.15 F +(.W)-.65 G 1.131(hen letters are supplied, the e)-6.131 F 1.131 +(xpression e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .485(pands to each character le)108 132 R +.485(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)2.985 E F0(and)2.984 E F1(y) +2.984 E F0 2.984(,i)C(nclusi)-2.984 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.984(,u).15 G .484 +(sing the def)-2.984 F .484(ault C locale.)-.1 F .484(Note that)5.484 F +(both)108 144 Q F1(x)2.966 E F0(and)2.966 E F1(y)2.966 E F0 .467 +(must be of the same type \(inte)2.966 F .467(ger or letter\).)-.15 F .467(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the)5.467 F(dif)108 156 Q(ference between each term.)-.25 E(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 -172.8 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 184.8 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash) -5.016 E F0 .015(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 196.8 Q +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 +172.8 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 +(are preserv)108 184.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash) +5.016 E F0 .016(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 196.8 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 213.6 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(\ +-.15 E 2.502(Ac)108 213.6 S .002(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.502 F .001(\ xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\ - one un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 225.6 R .458 + one un-)-.15 F .457(quoted comma or a v)108 225.6 R .458 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .457(xpansion is left unchanged.) --.15 F(A)108 237.6 Q F2({)2.521 E F0(or)2.521 E F2(,)2.521 E F0 .021 -(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.521 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.522(xpression. T)-.15 -F 2.522(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.722 G(id).2 E .172 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .458(xpansion is left unchanged.) +-.15 F(A)108 237.6 Q F2({)2.522 E F0(or)2.522 E F2(,)2.522 E F0 .022 +(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .021 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.521(xpression. T)-.15 +F 2.521(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.721 G(id).2 E .172 (con\215icts with parameter e)108 249.6 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 F F2(${)2.672 E F0 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F .172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 261.6 Q @@ -2907,167 +2909,168 @@ gs to be generated is)108 278.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 290.4 Q .3 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 348 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 360 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G .247 -(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 372 Q -.15 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 360 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247 +(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 372 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 384 Q F0 .514 -(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) -3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 384 Q F0 .515 +(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) +3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 (If strict compatibility with)108 396 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 (xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 408 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) 2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 424.8 S -(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 436.8 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F -1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.087 +(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 436.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F +1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086 ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) 108 448.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 460.8 R .726 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 472.8 Q .523 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 460.8 R .725 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 472.8 Q .522 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 484.8 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 484.8 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 496.8 Q .093 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 496.8 Q .092 (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 513.6 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 525.6 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 525.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F .88 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 537.6 R F1(N)3.38 E -F0 3.38(,o)C .88(ptionally pre\214x)-3.38 F .879 +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F .879 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 537.6 R F1(N)3.379 +E F0 3.379(,o)C .879(ptionally pre\214x)-3.379 F .88 (ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F .138(placed \ with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -549.6 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)2.639 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 561.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.839(dw).1 G -.338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.839 F 2.838(gument. If)-.18 F +549.6 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)2.638 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.638 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 561.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.838(dw).1 G +.338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.838 F 2.838(gument. If)-.18 F .338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F (of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 573.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 590.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) -.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166 +.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167 (Each v)108 607.2 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 (ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=) -2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468(these cases, tilde e)108 619.2 R -.468(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) --.65 G .467(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F +2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E .467(these cases, tilde e)108 619.2 R +.467(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) +-.65 G .468(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F (ments to)108 631.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v) --.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 648 R .023 -(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F -.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 660 Q .77 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 -.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 -(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F +-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .024(Bash also performs tilde e)108 648 R .024 +(xpansion on w)-.15 F .023(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F +.023(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 660 Q .769 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.969 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 +.469(when the)2.719 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 +(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .47(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F -.15(ex)108 672 S(cept for the).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 (commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F1 (posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.1(Pa)87 688.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 -.199(The `)108 700.8 R F2($)A F0 2.699('c)C .199 -(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.699 F .199 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.7 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.7 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e)108 -712.8 R .314(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b) --.15 F .314(ut serv)-.2 F 2.813(et)-.15 G 2.813(op)-2.813 G(rotect) --2.813 E .414(the v)108 724.8 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .415 +.2(The `)108 700.8 R F2($)A F0 2.7('c)C .199 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.7 F .199 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.699 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.699 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e) +108 712.8 R .314 +(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .314 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.814(et)-.15 G 2.814(op)-2.814 G(rotect)-2.814 E .415 +(the v)108 724.8 R .415(ariable to be e)-.25 F .415 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .414 (wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(22)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(22)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the name.)108 84 Q -1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) -108 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F .821 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 112.8 R .822 +1.189(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) +108 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.69 F .822 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 112.8 R .821 (xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E (pansion.)108 124.8 Q(${)108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A (ameter)-.15 E F0(})A .106(The v)144 153.6 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) 2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106 (The braces are required when)5.106 F F2(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11 -(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 165.6 R F2(par)3.86 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .111 +.106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .111 +(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 165.6 R F2(par)3.861 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .11 (wed by a character which is not to be)-.25 F .208 (interpreted as part of its name.)144 177.6 R(The)5.208 E F2(par)2.708 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 189.6 Q F0 2.5 (\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A -F0(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 206.4 R F2(par)2.846 E +F0(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 206.4 R F2(par)2.846 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G -(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 218.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907 -(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F1(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 +2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G +(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.906(al)108 218.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.906 H 2.906 +(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.906 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F1(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 (uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406 (xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F2(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 -(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F2(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 230.4 Q -F0 2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F -.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079 -(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F -(original)108 242.4 Q F2(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043 -(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 -F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 -(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 254.4 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 -F 2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249 -(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 +(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F2(par)2.907 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 230.4 Q +F0 2.579(;t)C .079(his is then e)-2.579 F .079(xpanded and that v)-.15 F +.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .078 +(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .078(xpansion of the)-.15 F +(original)108 242.4 Q F2(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.042(.T)C .042 +(his is kno)-5.042 F .042(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 +F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .043 +(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .043(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 254.4 S .249(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 +F 2.749(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .248 +(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .248(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 (name of the parameter referenced by)108 266.4 R F2(par)4.01 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 278.4 R .387 +(xpansion.)-.15 E .388(The e)108 278.4 R .387 (xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F1(!)A F2 -(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H -.388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 +(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.187 -.65(w. T)-.25 H +.387(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 290.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) -2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 307.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor) 3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 319.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066 +F(and arithmetic e)108 319.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .067 (When not performing substring e)108 336 R .067 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-2.567 E F1(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)2.567 E F0 .067 +(e.g.,)-2.567 E F1(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)2.567 E F0 .066 (tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 348 Q(Omitt\ ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E (${)108 364.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) -A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 376.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 -E F2(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F -.722(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) -3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 388.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 +A F1 .722(Use Default V)144 376.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 +E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F +.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) +3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 388.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 (par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 400.8 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .811 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .812 (Assign Default V)144 412.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.812(.I)C(f)-5.812 E F2 (par)4.562 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .812(is unset or null, the e)4.042 F .812 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.652 E(d)-.37 E F0 .812(is assigned to)4.082 -F F2(pa-)4.562 E -.15(ra)144 424.8 S(meter).15 E F0 5.742(.T).73 G .742 -(he v)-5.742 F .742(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.492 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .742 -(is then substituted.)3.972 F .741 +F F2(pa-)4.561 E -.15(ra)144 424.8 S(meter).15 E F0 5.741(.T).73 G .741 +(he v)-5.741 F .741(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.491 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .742 +(is then substituted.)3.972 F .742 (Positional parameters and special parame-)5.742 F (ters may not be assigned to in this w)144 436.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) 108 448.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .535(Display Err)144 460.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .013(sage to that ef)144 472.8 R -.013(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)2.853 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.283 F +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .012(sage to that ef)144 472.8 R +.012(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)2.852 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.282 F (teracti)144 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 496.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 @@ -3080,47 +3083,47 @@ F F2(pa-)4.562 E -.15(ra)144 424.8 S(meter).15 E F0 5.742(.T).73 G .742 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) 144 556.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .003 -(character speci\214ed by)144 568.8 R F2(of)2.503 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.003 +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .004 +(character speci\214ed by)144 568.8 R F2(of)2.504 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.003 (.I)C(f)-5.003 E F2(par)2.503 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.503 E F1(@)2.503 E F0(or)2.503 E F1(*)2.503 E F0 2.503(,a)C 2.503(ni)-2.503 G(nde)-2.503 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.503(da).15 G .003(rray subscripted by)-2.503 F F1(@) -2.503 E F0(or)2.503 E F1(*)2.504 E F0 2.504(,o)C 2.504(ra)-2.504 G(n) --2.504 E(associati)144 580.8 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722 +2.503 E F0(or)2.503 E F1(*)2.503 E F0 2.503(,o)C 2.503(ra)-2.503 G(n) +-2.503 E(associati)144 580.8 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722 (rray name, the results dif).15 F .722(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length)3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e) -3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042(substring of the v)144 592.8 R -.042(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043 -(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F2(of)2.543 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F .847 +3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043(substring of the v)144 592.8 R +.043(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042 +(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F F2(of)2.542 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the)-.15 F .846 (end of the v)144 604.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 E -F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F +F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .847 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV)3.347 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 616.8 Q(w\).)-.25 E -(If)144 640.8 Q F2(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +(If)144 640.8 Q F2(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 (luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.046(end of the v)144 652.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.045(end of the v)144 652.8 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 664.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 676.8 R -.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 +(of)144 664.8 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 676.8 R +.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 688.8 Q -.2 (vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 712.8 Q F2(par)3.283 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.283 -E F1(@)3.283 E F0(or)3.283 E F1(*)3.284 E F0 3.284(,t)C .784 +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 712.8 Q F2(par)3.284 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.284 +E F1(@)3.284 E F0(or)3.284 E F1(*)3.284 E F0 3.284(,t)C .784 (he result is)-3.284 F F2(length)3.284 E F0 .784 -(positional parameters be)3.284 F .784(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of)3.284 E -(fset)-.18 E F0 5.784(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve) --.25 G F2(of)144 724.8 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.552(is tak)4.052 F 1.552 -(en relati)-.1 F 1.852 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 4.051(oo).15 G 1.551 +(positional parameters be)3.284 F .783(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of)3.283 E +(fset)-.18 E F0 5.783(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G F2(of)144 724.8 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.551(is tak)4.051 F 1.551 +(en relati)-.1 F 1.851 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 4.051(oo).15 G 1.551 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-4.051 F 4.051(,s)-.4 -G 4.051(oa)-4.051 G 4.051(no)-4.051 G -.25(ff)-4.051 G 1.551 -(set of \2551).25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(23) +G 4.052(oa)-4.051 G 4.052(no)-4.052 G -.25(ff)-4.052 G 1.552 +(set of \2551).25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(23) 199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -3132,40 +3135,40 @@ BP (ti)-5.555 G 3.055(sa)-3.055 G 3.055(ne)-3.055 G .555(xpansion error if) -3.205 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(length)3.055 E F0 -.25(eva)3.055 G .555 (luates to a number).25 F(less than zero.)144 96 Q(If)144 120 Q F1(par) -3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 +3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 (da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 -F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 -132 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A -(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082 -(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater) --3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 144 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft) --3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) --6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if) --3.729 F F1(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F +F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 +132 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A +(fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081 +(en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater) +-3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 144 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft) +-3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) +-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 +F F1(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F (number less than zero.)144 156 Q(Substring e)144 180 Q (xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .82(Substring inde)144 204 R +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .821(Substring inde)144 204 R .821(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in w\ hich case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 216 Q .159(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .159 (is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.659 E F0 .159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .158(ed to)-.15 +/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.659 E F0 .159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .159(ed to)-.15 F(the list.)144 228 Q(${)108 244.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A -F0(})A(${)108 256.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084 -(Names matching pr)144 268.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) --2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 280.8 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F -.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 292.8 Q +F0(})A(${)108 256.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085 +(Names matching pr)144 268.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) +-2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 280.8 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F +.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 292.8 Q (ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 309.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 321.6 Q F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 1.136(List of array k)144 333.6 R(eys) +(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 1.137(List of array k)144 333.6 R(eys) -.1 E F0 6.136(.I)C(f)-6.136 E F1(name)3.636 E F0 1.136(is an array v) 3.636 F 1.136(ariable, e)-.25 F 1.136 -(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.137 +(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.136 (s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 345.6 R F1(name)2.897 E F0 5.397(.I)C (f)-5.397 E F1(name)2.897 E F0 .397(is not an array)2.897 F 2.897(,e) -.65 G .397(xpands to 0 if)-3.047 F F1(name)2.897 E F0 .397 @@ -3173,25 +3176,25 @@ F0(})A(${)108 256.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084 (is used and the e)144 357.6 Q (xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 374.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 386.4 S .47(rameter length).1 F F0 -5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.47 F .471(alue of) --.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471(is substituted.)2.971 F(If) -5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 398.4 Q F0(is)3.627 E F2(*) -2.897 E F0(or)2.897 E F2(@)2.897 E F0 2.897(,t)C .397(he v)-2.897 F .397 +(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 386.4 S .471(rameter length).1 F F0 +5.471(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of) +-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If) +5.47 E F1(par)4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 398.4 Q F0(is)3.626 E F2(*) +2.896 E F0(or)2.896 E F2(@)2.896 E F0 2.896(,t)C .396(he v)-2.896 F .397 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -5.396 E F1(par)4.146 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .396(is an ar)3.626 F(-)-.2 E -.78(ray name subscripted by)144 410.4 R F2(*)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(@) -3.28 E F0 3.28(,t)C .78(he v)-3.28 F .781 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.781 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.781 E F1(par)145.25 422.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 -(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 434.4 R 1.272 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +5.397 E F1(par)4.147 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .397(is an ar)3.627 F(-)-.2 E +.781(ray name subscripted by)144 410.4 R F2(*)3.281 E F0(or)3.281 E F2 +(@)3.281 E F0 3.281(,t)C .781(he v)-3.281 F .78 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.78(.I) +-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)145.25 422.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455(is an inde) +3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 434.4 R 1.273 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) 144 446.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 463.2 Q F1 (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 475.2 Q F1 @@ -3199,59 +3202,58 @@ G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 463.2 Q F1 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.543(name e)144 499.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 +.544(name e)144 499.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 (ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) -144 511.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.133 G(tter).1 E 3.133(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.133 E +4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .543(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) +144 511.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.132 G(tter).1 E 3.132(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.132 E F0(belo)3.132 E 4.432 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.132(ft).65 G .632 -(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F .632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .632 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.382 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 +(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F .632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .633 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.383 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.152 (then the result of the e)144 523.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F -1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 -535.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 +1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.151(with the shortest matching)4.381 F .183(pattern \(the `)144 +535.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.663 -.74('' c)D .184 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 -1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F1(par)3.933 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 547.2 Q F2(*)3.018 E -F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.184 E F1(par)3.934 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F2(@)2.684 E F0(or)144 547.2 Q F2(*)3.019 E +F0 3.019(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.019 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .304(sion is the resultant list.)144 559.2 R(If) -5.304 E F1(par)4.054 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.803 E F0(or)2.803 E F2(*)2.803 E -F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he pattern re-)-2.803 F(mo)144 571.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G -2.987(lo).25 G .487 +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .303(sion is the resultant list.)144 559.2 R(If) +5.303 E F1(par)4.053 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.804 E F0(or)2.804 E F2(*)2.804 E +F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he pattern re-)-2.804 F(mo)144 571.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G +2.988(lo).25 G .487 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.987 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 583.2 Q(${)108 +-2.988 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 583.2 Q(${)108 600 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 612 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 -624 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 -5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 +624 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 +5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 636 -S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 648 S(tter).1 +S .459(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .459(ainst the e)-.05 F .459 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 648 S(tter).1 E 3.314(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.314 E F0(belo)3.314 E 4.614 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.314(ft).65 G .814(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) -3.314 F .814(xpanded v)-.15 F .814(alue of)-.25 F F1(pa-)4.564 E -.15 -(ra)144 660 S(meter).15 E F0 3.816(,t).73 G 1.316 -(hen the result of the e)-3.816 F 1.317(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.317(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.067 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.317(with the shortest)4.547 F 1.085(matching pattern \(the `)144 672 R -(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.084 +(ra)144 660 S(meter).15 E F0 3.817(,t).73 G 1.317 +(hen the result of the e)-3.817 F 1.317(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.316(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.066 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.316(with the shortest)4.546 F 1.084(matching pattern \(the `)144 672 R +(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 -2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F1(par)145.25 -684 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 -E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo) -.25 G .16(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,) --2.659 F .51(and the e)144 696 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.) --.15 F(If)5.51 E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v) -3.739 F .509(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E -F2(*)3.009 E F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 708 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922 -(lo).25 G .422 +2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E F1(par)145.25 +684 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.39 E F2(@)2.66 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(*)2.66 E F0 +2.66(,t)C .16(he pattern remo)-2.66 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo).25 G .159 +(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .509 +(and the e)144 696 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) +5.509 E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .51(is an array v)3.739 F .51 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.01 E F0(or)3.01 E F2(*)3.01 E F0 +(,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 708 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923(lo).25 G .422 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 720 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(24)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 720 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(24)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3263,281 +3265,279 @@ BP F2(//)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 108 Q F1(par)A (ameter)-.15 E F2(/#)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 120 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/%)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A -F2 -.1(Pa)144 132 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 -6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 +F2 -.1(Pa)144 132 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 +6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 144 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 -(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 +(sion.)144 144 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 +(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 (alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 156 Q F0(.)A F1(string)5.499 E F0(under)2.999 E .499(goes tilde e)-.18 F .499 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .499(ariable e)-.25 F .499 (xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.137 (command and process substitution, and quote remo)144 168 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.637(l. The).25 F 1.137(match is performed using the rules)3.637 F -.076(described under)144 180 R F2 -.1(Pa)2.576 G(tter).1 E 2.576(nM)-.15 -G(atching)-2.576 E F0(belo)2.576 E 3.876 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 2.575(nt).65 G -.075(he \214rst form abo)-2.575 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.575(,o).15 G .075 +.075(described under)144 180 R F2 -.1(Pa)2.575 G(tter).1 E 2.575(nM)-.15 +G(atching)-2.575 E F0(belo)2.575 E 3.875 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 2.575(nt).65 G +.075(he \214rst form abo)-2.575 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.575(,o).15 G .076 (nly the \214rst match is replaced.)-2.575 F .48(If there are tw)144 192 R 2.98(os)-.1 G .48(lashes separating)-2.98 F F1(par)2.98 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(and)2.98 E F1(pattern)2.98 E F0 .48(\(the second form abo)2.98 F --.15(ve)-.15 G .48(\), all matches of).15 F F1(pattern)144 204 Q F0 .375 -(are replaced with)2.875 F F1(string)2.874 E F0 5.374(.I)C(f)-5.374 E F1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G .48(\), all matches of).15 F F1(pattern)144 204 Q F0 .374 +(are replaced with)2.874 F F1(string)2.874 E F0 5.374(.I)C(f)-5.374 E F1 (pattern)2.874 E F0 .374(is preceded by)2.874 F F2(#)2.874 E F0 .374 -(\(the third form abo)2.874 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .374(\), it must match).15 -F .088(at the be)144 216 R .088(ginning of the e)-.15 F .088(xpanded v) +(\(the third form abo)2.874 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .375(\), it must match).15 +F .089(at the be)144 216 R .089(ginning of the e)-.15 F .088(xpanded v) -.15 F .088(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.588 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.088(.I)C(f) --5.088 E F1(pattern)2.588 E F0 .088(is preceded by)2.588 F F2(%)2.589 E -F0 .089(\(the fourth form)2.589 F(abo)144 228 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .315 +-5.088 E F1(pattern)2.588 E F0 .088(is preceded by)2.588 F F2(%)2.588 E +F0 .088(\(the fourth form)2.588 F(abo)144 228 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .315 (\), it must match at the end of the e).15 F .315(xpanded v)-.15 F .315 (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.815 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.315(.I)C 2.815(ft) -5.315 G .315(he e)-2.815 F .315(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(string)2.815 E F0 -(is)2.815 E .398(null, matches of)144 240 R F1(pattern)2.898 E F0 .398 -(are deleted.)2.898 F(If)5.398 E F1(string)2.898 E F0 .398 -(is null, matches of)2.898 F F1(pattern)2.898 E F0 .399 -(are deleted and the)2.899 F F2(/)2.899 E F0(fol-)2.899 E(lo)144 252 Q +(is)2.815 E .399(null, matches of)144 240 R F1(pattern)2.899 E F0 .399 +(are deleted.)2.899 F(If)5.399 E F1(string)2.898 E F0 .398 +(is null, matches of)2.898 F F1(pattern)2.898 E F0 .398 +(are deleted and the)2.898 F F2(/)2.898 E F0(fol-)2.898 E(lo)144 252 Q (wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(may be omitted.)2.5 E .95(If the)144 276 R F2(patsub_r)3.45 E(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .95 (shell option is enabled using)3.45 F F2(shopt)3.45 E F0 3.45(,a)C 1.25 -.15(ny u)-3.45 H .95(nquoted instances of).15 F F2(&)3.45 E F0(in)3.45 E F1(string)144 288 Q F0(are replaced with the matching portion of)2.5 E -F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(.)A .749(Quoting an)144 312 R 3.249(yp)-.15 G .749 -(art of)-3.249 F F1(string)3.249 E F0 .749 -(inhibits replacement in the e)3.249 F .75 -(xpansion of the quoted portion, including)-.15 F .767 +F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(.)A .75(Quoting an)144 312 R 3.25(yp)-.15 G .75 +(art of)-3.25 F F1(string)3.25 E F0 .749(inhibits replacement in the e) +3.249 F .749(xpansion of the quoted portion, including)-.15 F .767 (replacement strings stored in shell v)144 324 R 3.267 (ariables. Backslash)-.25 F .767(will escape)3.267 F F2(&)3.267 E F0(in) -3.267 E F1(string)3.267 E F0 3.267(;t)C .767(he backslash is)-3.267 F -(remo)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.668(di).15 G 2.668(no)-2.668 G .169 -(rder to permit a literal)-2.668 F F2(&)2.669 E F0 .169 +3.267 E F1(string)3.267 E F0 3.267(;t)C .768(he backslash is)-3.267 F +(remo)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.669(di).15 G 2.669(no)-2.669 G .169 +(rder to permit a literal)-2.669 F F2(&)2.669 E F0 .169 (in the replacement string.)2.669 F .169 -(Backslash can also be used to es-)5.169 F 1.429(cape a backslash;)144 +(Backslash can also be used to es-)5.169 F 1.428(cape a backslash;)144 348 R F2(\\\\)3.928 E F0 1.428 (results in a literal backslash in the replacement.)3.928 F 1.428 -(Users should tak)6.428 F 3.928(ec)-.1 G 1.428(are if)-3.928 F F1 -(string)144 360 Q F0 .292(is double-quoted to a)2.791 F -.2(vo)-.2 G +(Users should tak)6.428 F 3.929(ec)-.1 G 1.429(are if)-3.929 F F1 +(string)144 360 Q F0 .292(is double-quoted to a)2.792 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .292(id unw).2 F .292 -(anted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting,)-.1 F .054 +(anted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting,)-.1 F .053 (since backslash has special meaning within double quotes.)144 372 R --.15(Pa)5.053 G .053(ttern substitution performs the check).15 F .069 -(for unquoted)144 384 R F2(&)2.569 E F0 .069(after e)2.569 F(xpanding) --.15 E F1(string)2.569 E F0 2.569(;s)C .069 -(hell programmers should quote an)-2.569 F 2.57(yo)-.15 G .07 -(ccurrences of)-2.57 F F2(&)2.57 E F0(the)2.57 E(y)-.15 E -.1(wa)144 396 -S 1.113(nt to be tak).1 F 1.112 +-.15(Pa)5.053 G .054(ttern substitution performs the check).15 F .07 +(for unquoted)144 384 R F2(&)2.57 E F0 .07(after e)2.57 F(xpanding)-.15 +E F1(string)2.569 E F0 2.569(;s)C .069(hell programmers should quote an) +-2.569 F 2.569(yo)-.15 G .069(ccurrences of)-2.569 F F2(&)2.569 E F0 +(the)2.569 E(y)-.15 E -.1(wa)144 396 S 1.112(nt to be tak).1 F 1.112 (en literally in the replacement and ensure an)-.1 F 3.612(yi)-.15 G -1.112(nstances of)-3.612 F F2(&)3.612 E F0(the)3.612 E 3.612(yw)-.15 G -1.112(ant to be re-)-3.712 F(placed are unquoted.)144 408 Q .686(If the) -144 432 R F2(nocasematch)3.186 E F0 .687 +1.112(nstances of)-3.612 F F2(&)3.612 E F0(the)3.612 E 3.613(yw)-.15 G +1.113(ant to be re-)-3.713 F(placed are unquoted.)144 408 Q .687(If the) +144 432 R F2(nocasematch)3.187 E F0 .687 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.187 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G .687(rd to the case of).05 F .736(alphabetic characters.)144 444 R(If)5.736 E F1(par)4.486 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.966 E F2(@)3.236 E F0(or)3.236 E F2(*)3.236 E F0 3.236(,t)C .736 -(he substitution operation is applied to each posi-)-3.236 F .654 +(he substitution operation is applied to each posi-)-3.236 F .655 (tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 456 R .654 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.655 E F1(par)4.405 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .655(is an array v)3.885 F(ariable)-.25 E .348 -(subscripted with)144 468 R F2(@)2.848 E F0(or)2.848 E F2(*)2.848 E F0 -2.848(,t)C .348(he substitution operation is applied to each member of \ -the array in turn,)-2.848 F(and the e)144 480 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.654 E F1(par)4.404 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .654(is an array v)3.884 F(ariable)-.25 E .347 +(subscripted with)144 468 R F2(@)2.847 E F0(or)2.847 E F2(*)2.847 E F0 +2.847(,t)C .348(he substitution operation is applied to each member of \ +the array in turn,)-2.847 F(and the e)144 480 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 496.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 508.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 520.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 532.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 544.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C -.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation)144 544.8 R F0 5.438(.T)C +.438(his e)-5.438 F .437 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 556.8 Q -F0 .374(is e)2.874 F .374 +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 556.8 Q +F0 .373(is e)2.873 F .374 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.874 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .373(character in the e)2.873 F(x-)-.15 E .513 -(panded v)144 568.8 R .513(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 .513(is tested ag)3.013 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.013 E F0 3.013 -(,a)C .514(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.013 F -.15 -(ve)144 580.8 S 2.823(rted. The).15 F .323 -(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.823 F -5.322(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.322 E F2(^)2.822 E F0 .322(operator con)2.822 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 592.8 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 -F F1(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F0 -.181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .374(character in the e)2.874 F(x-)-.15 E .514 +(panded v)144 568.8 R .514(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 .514(is tested ag)3.014 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.014 E F0 3.014 +(,a)C .513(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.014 F -.15 +(ve)144 580.8 S 2.822(rted. The).15 F .323 +(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.822 F +5.323(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.323 E F2(^)2.823 E F0 .323(operator con)2.823 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 592.8 Q .181(wercase letters matching) +-.25 F F1(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E +F0 .181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .18 (rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .085(to lo)144 604.8 R 2.585 (wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0(and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .085 (rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085(xpanded v)-.15 F .085 -(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 616.8 Q F2(,)3.59 E F0 -.15 -(ex)3.59 G 1.09(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 -(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.091(xpanded v)-.15 F -3.591(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.591 E F0(is)3.591 E 1.121 -(omitted, it is treated lik)144 628.8 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.621 -(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character) -.15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F1(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.35 E -F2(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12(he case)-3.62 F -.339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter i\ -n turn, and the e)144 640.8 R .34(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .25 -(sultant list.)144 652.8 R(If)5.25 E F1(par)4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .25 -(is an array v)3.48 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.749 E -F0(or)2.749 E F2(*)2.749 E F0 2.749(,t)C .249 -(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.749 F(-)-.2 E +(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 616.8 Q F2(,)3.591 E F0 -.15 +(ex)3.591 G 1.091(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 +(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.09(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.59 +(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.59 E F0(is)3.59 E 1.12 +(omitted, it is treated lik)144 628.8 R 3.62(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.62(,w) +C 1.12(hich matches e)-3.62 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character).15 F +6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.351 E F2 +(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*)3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he case)-3.621 +F .339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter\ + in turn, and the e)144 640.8 R .339(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .249 +(sultant list.)144 652.8 R(If)5.249 E F1(par)3.999 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.249(is an array v)3.479 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@) +2.749 E F0(or)2.75 E F2(*)2.75 E F0 2.75(,t)C .25 +(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.75 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 664.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 681.6 Q F1(par)A (ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 693.6 S .86(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 -F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 705.6 R -F1(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 -E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(25)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 705.6 R +F1(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 +E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 +717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(25)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(U)144 84 Q F0 .142(The e)180 84 R .142 +SF(U)144 84 Q F0 .143(The e)180 84 R .142 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .142(with lo)2.642 F -.143(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G -(rted to uppercase.).15 E F1(u)144 108 Q F0 .43(The e)180 108 R .43 +.142(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G +(rted to uppercase.).15 E F1(u)144 108 Q F0 .429(The e)180 108 R .429 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .429(with the \214rst character con)2.929 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 120 Q F1 -(L)144 132 Q F0 .124(The e)180 132 R .124 +2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .43(with the \214rst character con)2.93 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 120 Q F1(L) +144 132 Q F0 .125(The e)180 132 R .124 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .125(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.625 F +2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .124(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.624 F (ters con)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(Q) -144 156 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 156 R 1.065 +144 156 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 156 R 1.064 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 168 Q F1(E)144 180 Q F0 .44(The e)180 180 R .441 +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 168 Q F1(E)144 180 Q F0 .441(The e)180 180 R .441 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 F --.15(ex)180 192 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 204 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 204 R 1.073 +2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F -.15 +(ex)180 192 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 204 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 204 R 1.073 (xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 216 Q F1(PR)2.5 -E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 228 Q F0 1.137(The e) +E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 228 Q F0 1.138(The e) 180 228 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F1(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 240 Q -.25 +F1(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 240 Q -.25 (va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(K)144 252 Q F0 -1.34(Produces a possibly-quoted v)180 252 R 1.339(ersion of the v)-.15 F -1.339(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.839 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.839(,e)C 1.339 -(xcept that it prints the)-3.989 F -.25(va)180 264 S .257(lues of inde) +1.339(Produces a possibly-quoted v)180 252 R 1.339(ersion of the v)-.15 +F 1.339(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.839 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.839(,e)C 1.34 +(xcept that it prints the)-3.989 F -.25(va)180 264 S .258(lues of inde) .25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.757(da).15 G .257(nd associati)-2.757 F .557 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H .257(rrays as a sequence of quoted k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -(-v).15 E .257(alue pairs \(see)-.25 F F1(Ar)2.758 E(-)-.37 E(rays)180 +(-v).15 E .257(alue pairs \(see)-.25 F F1(Ar)2.757 E(-)-.37 E(rays)180 276 Q F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(a)144 288 Q F0(The e)180 288 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E F1(k)144 300 Q F0(Lik)180 300 Q 2.658(et)-.1 G -.157(he K transformation, b)-2.658 F .157(ut e)-.2 F .157(xpands the k) +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E F1(k)144 300 Q F0(Lik)180 300 Q 2.657(et)-.1 G +.157(he K transformation, b)-2.657 F .157(ut e)-.2 F .157(xpands the k) -.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.657(sa).15 G .157(nd v)-2.657 F .157 -(alues of inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.657(da).15 G .157(nd associati) --2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 312 Q -(ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 328.8 Q F2(par)4.402 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.882 E F1(@)3.152 E F0(or)3.152 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 +(alues of inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.657(da).15 G .158(nd associati) +-2.657 F .458 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 312 Q +(ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 328.8 Q F2(par)4.403 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.883 E F1(@)3.153 E F0(or)3.153 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 3.153(,t)C .653(he operation is applied to each positional parameter in\ turn, and the e)-3.153 F(x-)-.15 E .403(pansion is the resultant list.) 144 340.8 R(If)5.403 E F2(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403 (is an array v)3.633 F .403(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.903 E -F0(or)2.903 E F1(*)2.903 E F0 2.903(,t)C .402(he opera-)-2.903 F +F0(or)2.903 E F1(*)2.903 E F0 2.903(,t)C .403(he opera-)-2.903 F (tion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 352.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e) 144 376.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .708(xpansion as described be-)-.15 F(lo)144 388.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 405.6 Q F2 -1.698(Command substitution)108 417.6 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 429.6 Q F1($\()144 446.4 Q F2 +1.697(Command substitution)108 417.6 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 429.6 Q F1($\()144 446.4 Q F2 (command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 458.4 Q F1<92>144 470.4 Q F2(command) -A F1<92>A(Bash)108 487.2 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 -.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) +A F1<92>A(Bash)108 487.2 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.589 E F0 +.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) 108 499.2 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) --.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) 108 511.2 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) --.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le) -2.692 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 523.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.691 E F2(\214le) +2.691 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 523.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 540 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 552 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1<92> -2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(he \ +.315(when follo)108 552 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92> +2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \ \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\ -b-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 564 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 F -F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F +b-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 564 R 1.386(using the $\()3.886 F +F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F (mand; none are treated specially)108 576 Q(.)-.65 E .894 (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 592.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F (quotes with backslashes.)108 604.8 Q .422 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 621.6 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 F(on the results.)108 633.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 650.4 Q F0 -1.034(Arithmetic e)108 662.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 +1.035(Arithmetic e)108 662.4 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F (The format for arithmetic e)108 674.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() 144 691.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 708 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.736 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.976 E .236 +F2 -.2(ex)2.735 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.975 E .235 (goes the same e)-.18 F .236 -(xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .235 -(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F 2.799(ters in)108 720 R F2 -.2(ex)5.299 G -(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 2.799(are not treated specially and are remo) -5.299 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.299(d. All).15 F(tok)5.3 E 2.8(ens in the e)-.1 -F 2.8(xpression under)-.15 F(go)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2) -150.675 E(26)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .236 +(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F 2.8(ters in)108 720 R F2 -.2(ex)5.3 G(pr) +.2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 2.799(are not treated specially and are remo)5.3 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.299(d. All).15 F(tok)5.299 E 2.799(ens in the e)-.1 F +2.799(xpression under)-.15 F(go)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(26)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .92 -(parameter and v)108 84 R .92(ariable e)-.25 F .919 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .919 +(parameter and v)108 84 R .919(ariable e)-.25 F .919 (xpansion, command substitution, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G -3.419(l. The).25 F .919(result is treated as the)3.419 F(arithmetic e) -108 96 Q(xpression to be e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(luated. Arithmetic) -.25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 112.8 -R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +3.419(l. The).25 F .92(result is treated as the)3.419 F(arithmetic e)108 +96 Q(xpression to be e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(luated. Arithmetic).25 +F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 112.8 R +-.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.879 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 124.8 S(pr).2 E(ession) +(If)5.878 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 124.8 S(pr).2 E(ession) -.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E (ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F4(Pr)87 141.6 Q (ocess Substitution)-.18 E F3(Pr)108 153.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 165.6 Q F4(<\()3.25 E F3 -(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F4(>\()3.25 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E -F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F3(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 165.6 Q F4(<\()3.251 E F3 +(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F4(>\()3.251 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F3(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 (This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 177.6 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F4(>\()2.647 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 189.6 R .559 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F4(>\()2.648 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 189.6 R .56 (vide input for)-.15 F F3(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F4(<\()3.06 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .56 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 201.6 Q .309 +(he)-3.059 E F4(<\()3.059 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .559 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 201.6 Q .308 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F3(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) -5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 213.6 Q F3(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F4(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 230.4 R -.25(va) +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 230.4 R -.25(va) -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 242.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4 --.75(Wo)87 259.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 271.2 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +-.75(Wo)87 259.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 271.2 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 283.2 Q F3(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 300 R F1(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 @@ -3545,153 +3545,153 @@ F3(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) 108 312 R(If)5.207 E F1(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F4()2.707 E F0 -(,)A .836(the def)108 324 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F4 -()3.336 E F0(,)A F4()3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F4 -()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 336 R .345 +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F4()2.708 E F0 +(,)A .837(the def)108 324 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F4 +()3.337 E F0(,)A F4()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F4 +()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 336 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F1(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 348 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.736 E -F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 348 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.737 E +F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)108 -360 Q F0(,)A F4(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F4(newline)2.507 E -F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 -F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92(ter is in the v) -108 372 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 E F1(IFS)3.42 E -F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92 -(haracter in)-3.42 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921(that is not)3.17 F F1(IFS) -3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429(along with an)108 384 R 2.928(ya) --.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +360 Q F0(,)A F4(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F4(newline)2.506 E +F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 +F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 +(ter is in the v)108 372 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 +E F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc) +-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not)3.17 F +F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 384 R 2.928 +(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 (whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G -.428(equence of)-2.928 F F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428(whitespace charac-)2.678 +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 396 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G (he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E -(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .782(Explicit null ar)108 412.8 R .782 +(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .783(Explicit null ar)108 412.8 R .783 (guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G F0(or)2.449 E F4 .833<0808>4.115 G F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 -(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .783 -(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 424.8 R .179 +(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .782 +(Unquoted im-)5.782 F .178(plicit null ar)108 424.8 R .179 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .179 (xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .479 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.679(ov).15 -G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.678(d. If).15 F 2.678 -(ap)2.678 G(a-)-2.678 E .318(rameter with no v)108 436.8 R .319 +G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.679(d. If).15 F 2.679 +(ap)2.679 G(a-)-2.679 E .319(rameter with no v)108 436.8 R .319 (alue is e)-.25 F .319(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F -.319(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F .001 -(to a command as an empty string.)108 448.8 R .001 -(When a quoted null ar)5.001 F(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 E -(ord whose e)-.1 E(xpansion)-.15 E .983(is non-null, the null ar)108 -460.8 R .983(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F -.983(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -5.167 -3.483 F F0(becomes)3.484 E F53.484 E F0 .984(after w)3.484 F .984 +.319(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F +(to a command as an empty string.)108 448.8 Q(When a quoted null ar)5 E +.001(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F .001(ord whose e)-.1 F +(xpansion)-.15 E .984(is non-null, the null ar)108 460.8 R .984 +(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F .983 +(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -5.1673.483 +F F0(becomes)3.483 E F53.483 E F0 .983(after w)3.483 F .983 (ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 472.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) -.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 489.6 Q (xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 506.4 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 518.4 R .371 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F42.871 E F0 .371 -(option has been set,)2.871 F F4(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F -.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 -(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F4([)2.87 E F0(.)A .633 +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 518.4 R .37 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F42.87 E F0 .37 +(option has been set,)2.87 F F4(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F +.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.871 E F0 +2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F4([)2.871 E F0(.)A .634 (If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the w)108 -530.4 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .634(rded as a).05 F F3 -(pattern)4.384 E F0 3.134(,a).24 G .634(nd replaced)-3.134 F 1.34(with \ +530.4 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .633(rded as a).05 F F3 +(pattern)4.383 E F0 3.133(,a).24 G .633(nd replaced)-3.133 F 1.34(with \ an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see) 108 542.4 R F1 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E -F0(belo)3.589 E 3.839(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.839 E .534 +F0(belo)3.59 E 3.84(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.84 E .534 (matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 554.4 R F4 (nullglob)3.034 E F0 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.535 E(the)108 566.4 Q F4(nullglob) -3.285 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.285 F -.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.284 E F4 -(failglob)3.284 E F0 .784(shell option is)3.284 F .754(set, and no matc\ +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.534 E(the)108 566.4 Q F4(nullglob) +3.284 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.284 F +.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.285 E F4 +(failglob)3.285 E F0 .785(shell option is)3.285 F .754(set, and no matc\ hes are found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 -578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.255(cuted. If).15 F .755(the shell)3.255 F -(option)108 590.4 Q F4(nocaseglob)3.264 E F0 .763 -(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.264 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.763(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 +578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.254(cuted. If).15 F .754(the shell)3.254 F +(option)108 590.4 Q F4(nocaseglob)3.263 E F0 .763 +(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.263 F -.05(ga)-.15 G +.764(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 (When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 602.4 R .039 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .039(at the start of a name or immediately fol-)5.039 F(lo)108 -614.4 Q .191(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E -2.691(,u)-.65 G .191(nless the shell option)-2.691 F F4(dotglob)2.69 E -F0 .19(is set.)2.69 F .19(In order to match the \214le-)5.19 F(names)108 -626.4 Q F4 -.63(``)3.644 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.144 E F4 -.63 -(``)3.644 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 3.644(,t).63 G 1.145 -(he pattern must be)-3.644 F 1.145(gin with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E 2.625 +614.4 Q .19(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.69 +(,u)-.65 G .19(nless the shell option)-2.69 F F4(dotglob)2.691 E F0 .191 +(is set.)2.691 F .191(In order to match the \214le-)5.191 F(names)108 +626.4 Q F4 -.63(``)3.645 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.145 E F4 -.63 +(``)3.645 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 3.645(,t).63 G 1.145 +(he pattern must be)-3.645 F 1.145(gin with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E 2.625 -.74('' \()-.7 H 1.145(for e).74 F 1.145(xample, `)-.15 F(`.?')-.74 E 1.145('\), e)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.645(ni).15 G(f)-3.645 E F4(dotglob) -3.645 E F0 1.145(is set.)3.645 F 1.145(If the)6.145 F F4(globskipdots) -108 638.4 Q F0 .154(shell option is enabled, the \214lenames)2.654 F F4 --.63(``)2.654 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.154 E F4 -.63(``)2.654 G -(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .153(are ne)5.783 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.653(rm) -.15 G .153(atched, e)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.653(ni).15 G 2.653(ft) --2.653 G .153(he pattern be-)-2.653 F .12(gins with a)108 650.4 R F4 +3.644 E F0 1.144(is set.)3.644 F 1.144(If the)6.144 F F4(globskipdots) +108 638.4 Q F0 .153(shell option is enabled, the \214lenames)2.653 F F4 +-.63(``)2.653 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.153 E F4 -.63(``)2.654 G +(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .154(are ne)5.784 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(rm) +.15 G .154(atched, e)-2.654 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(ni).15 G 2.654(ft) +-2.654 G .154(he pattern be-)-2.654 F .12(gins with a)108 650.4 R F4 -.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5.12(.W)C .12 (hen not matching pathnames, the)-5.12 F F4 -.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G (')-.08 E F0 .12(character is not treated specially)5.12 F 5.12(.W)-.65 -G .12(hen matching)-5.12 F 3.541(ap)108 662.4 S 1.041 -(athname, the slash character must al)-3.541 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.041 -(ys be matched e).1 F 1.04(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F -1.04(ut in other)-.2 F .131(matching conte)108 674.4 R .132 +G .12(hen matching)-5.12 F 3.54(ap)108 662.4 S 1.04 +(athname, the slash character must al)-3.54 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.04 +(ys be matched e).1 F 1.041(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 +F 1.041(ut in other)-.2 F .132(matching conte)108 674.4 R .132 (xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo) --.15 F 2.632(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.632 E F1 -.09(Pa)2.632 G(tter).09 E 2.382 -(nM)-.135 G(atch-)-2.382 E(ing)108 686.4 Q F2(.)A F0 .606 -(See the description of)5.106 F F4(shopt)3.106 E F0(belo)3.106 E 3.106 +-.15 F 2.631(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.631 E F1 -.09(Pa)2.631 G(tter).09 E 2.381 +(nM)-.135 G(atch-)-2.381 E(ing)108 686.4 Q F2(.)A F0 .605 +(See the description of)5.105 F F4(shopt)3.105 E F0(belo)3.105 E 3.106 (wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.106 E F1 .606(SHELL B)3.106 F(UIL)-.09 E .606 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .605(for a description of the)2.855 F F4(no-) -3.105 E(caseglob)108 698.4 Q F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F4 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .606(for a description of the)2.856 F F4(no-) +3.106 E(caseglob)108 698.4 Q F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F4 (globskipdots)2.5 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F4 (dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 715.2 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE) -2.561 E F0 .061(shell v)2.311 F .061 +2.562 E F0 .062(shell v)2.312 F .061 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F3(pattern)3.812 E F0 5.062(.I).24 G(f)-5.062 E F1(GLO-)2.562 E +F F3(pattern)3.811 E F0 5.061(.I).24 G(f)-5.061 E F1(GLO-)2.561 E (BIGNORE)108 727.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) -4.264 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(27)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +so matches one of the patterns in)4.264 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) +4.265 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(27)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remo)108 84 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G 1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415 +(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415 (If the)6.415 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415 -(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 -F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 .147 -(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F +(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414(ainst the patterns in)-.05 +F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 .146 +(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.146 E F1 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 -(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 +F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 +(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 108 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve) -.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827 (to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F -.683(enabling the)108 120 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) +.682(enabling the)108 120 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 132 Q 1.184 -(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 +5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 132 Q 1.185 +(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E -F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185(one of the patterns in) -6.185 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 144 Q -F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2 -(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 +F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184(one of the patterns in) +6.184 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 144 Q +F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631(option is disabled when)3.131 F F2 +(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .632 (The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 156 Q F1 (extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 172.8 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 189.6 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ acter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern charact\ -ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.722 +ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.721 (itself. The)108 201.6 R .221(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) -2.722 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .221 +2.721 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .222 (wing character; the es-)-.25 F .418 (caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 213.6 R .418 -(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.919(ya) --.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 225.6 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.918(ya) +-.15 G .418(re to)-2.918 F(be matched literally)108 225.6 Q(.)-.65 E (The special pattern characters ha)108 242.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 259.2 Q F0 .377 -(Matches an)180 259.2 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 271.2 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 259.2 Q F0 .376 +(Matches an)180 259.2 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 271.2 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 @@ -3700,61 +3700,61 @@ E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 F0(,)A(tw)180 295.2 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C (ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 307.2 Q F0(Matches an)180 307.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F1([...])144 319.2 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 319.2 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 331.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E +F1([...])144 319.2 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 319.2 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 +(denotes a)180 331.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) -3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F -3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc) +3.185(oc)-.1 G .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc) -.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F -1.213(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 355.2 R 1.124 -(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 -1.124(or a)6.124 F F1(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G -1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F 1.044 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 367.2 R 1.045 +1.212(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 355.2 R 1.123 +(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 +1.124(or a)6.123 F F1(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G +1.124(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F 1.045 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 367.2 R 1.044 (xpressions, and the characters included in the)-.15 F 2.34 -(range, are determined by the current locale and the v)180 379.2 R 2.34 -(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)4.84 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)4.59 E F2 -(LC_ALL)180 391.2 Q F0 1.078(shell v)3.328 F 1.078(ariables, if set.) +(range, are determined by the current locale and the v)180 379.2 R 2.341 +(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)4.841 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)4.591 E F2 +(LC_ALL)180 391.2 Q F0 1.079(shell v)3.329 F 1.079(ariables, if set.) -.25 F 2.679 -.8(To o)6.079 H 1.079 -(btain the traditional interpretation of range e).8 F(xpres-)-.15 E .393 -(sions, where)180 403.2 R F1([a\255d])2.893 E F0 .393(is equi)2.893 F --.25(va)-.25 G .393(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.893 E F0 2.893(,s)C .393 -(et v)-2.893 F .393(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_ALL)2.892 E F0 .392 -(shell v)2.892 F .392(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.892 E F0(,)A .899 -(or enable the)180 415.2 R F1(globasciiranges)3.399 E F0 .899 -(shell option.)3.399 F(A)5.899 E F13.399 E F0 .9 +(btain the traditional interpretation of range e).8 F(xpres-)-.15 E .392 +(sions, where)180 403.2 R F1([a\255d])2.892 E F0 .392(is equi)2.892 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .392(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.893 E F0 2.893(,s)C .393 +(et v)-2.893 F .393(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_ALL)2.893 E F0 .393 +(shell v)2.893 F .393(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.893 E F0(,)A .9 +(or enable the)180 415.2 R F1(globasciiranges)3.4 E F0 .9(shell option.) +3.4 F(A)5.899 E F13.399 E F0 .899 (may be matched by including it as the)3.399 F .405 (\214rst or last character in the set.)180 427.2 R(A)5.405 E F1(])2.905 E F0 .405(may be matched by including it as the \214rst character)2.905 -F(in the set.)180 439.2 Q -.4(Wi)180 457.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0 -(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571 +F(in the set.)180 439.2 Q -.4(Wi)180 457.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0 +(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571 (acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 -F F1([:)3.071 E F4(class)A F1(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F4(class) -3.071 E F0(is one of the follo)180 469.2 Q +F F1([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F1(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class) +3.07 E F0(is one of the follo)180 469.2 Q (wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889 (alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 481.2 R 5.889 (wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 493.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F -F0 4.289(Ac)180 505.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289 -(yc)-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E -F1 -.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E +F0 4.29(Ac)180 505.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) +-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 +-.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E (class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 517.2 Q -.4(Wi) -180 535.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ +180 535.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 547.2 R (the character)180 559.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 577.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) 2.5 E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .54(If the)108 594 R F1(extglob)3.04 E F0 .54 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.04 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.039 G .539(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .539 -(ral e).15 F .539(xtended pattern)-.15 F .037(matching operators.)108 -606 R .037(In the follo)5.037 F .037(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 -(pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .038 +(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .539(If the)108 594 R F1(extglob)3.039 E F0 .539 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.039 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.039 G .54(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .54 +(ral e).15 F .54(xtended pattern)-.15 F .038(matching operators.)108 606 +R .038(In the follo)5.038 F .038(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +(pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .037 (is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 618 Q F1 (|)2.5 E F0 5(.C)C (omposite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)-5 E @@ -3765,7 +3765,7 @@ E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) 678 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 690 Q F4 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 (Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 702 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(28) +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(28) 199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -3780,40 +3780,40 @@ F0(Matches one of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns) (ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .988 (When matching \214lenames, the)108 136.8 R F1(dotglob)3.488 E F0 .988 (shell option determines the set of \214lenames that are tested: when) -3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 148.8 Q F0 1.391 -(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.891 F -1.392(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 3.892(,b).74 G 1.392 -(ut `)-4.092 F(`.)-.74 E 2.872 -.74('' a)-.7 H 1.392(nd `).74 F(`..)-.74 -E 2.872 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.392(ust be).74 F .298 +3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 148.8 Q F0 1.392 +(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.892 F +1.392(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 3.891(,b).74 G 1.391 +(ut `)-4.091 F(`.)-.74 E 2.871 -.74('' a)-.7 H 1.391(nd `).74 F(`..)-.74 +E 2.871 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.391(ust be).74 F .298 (matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 160.8 R .298 (gins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include an)-.15 -F(y)-.15 E .327(\214lenames be)108 172.8 R .327(ginning with `)-.15 F -(`.)-.74 E 1.807 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327 +F(y)-.15 E .328(\214lenames be)108 172.8 R .328(ginning with `)-.15 F +(`.)-.74 E 1.808 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327 (nless the pattern or sub-pattern be).74 F .327(gins with a `)-.15 F(`.) -.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 5.327(.A).74 G 2.827(sa)-5.327 G(bo)-2.827 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.828(,`).15 G(`.)-3.568 E 1.808 -.74('' o)-.7 H .328 +(ve)-.15 G 2.827(,`).15 G(`.)-3.567 E 1.807 -.74('' o)-.7 H .327 (nly has a).74 F(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 184.8 Q -.969(Complicated e)108 201.6 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F -.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 -(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .09 +.968(Complicated e)108 201.6 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F +.968(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 +(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .091 (alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 213.6 R .091 -(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .091(ainst shorter strings, or us-) +(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .09(ainst shorter strings, or us-) -.05 F(ing arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f) 108 225.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 242.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G -(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 254.4 R 1.113 +(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 254.4 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 266.4 Q .3 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 266.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 283.2 Q F0 .545 (Before a command is e)108 295.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E -(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .429 +(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .428 (by the shell.)108 307.2 R F2(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F0(allo)2.928 E .428(ws commands' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, ma\ -de to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 319.2 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can cha\ -nge the \214les the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 -(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 +de to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 319.2 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can chan\ +ge the \214les the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 +(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 (used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 331.2 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108 @@ -3822,37 +3822,38 @@ nge the \214les the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 .77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 355.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771 (Each redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number ma\ -y instead be preceded by a w)108 372 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292 +y instead be preceded by a w)108 372 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293 (the form {)108 384 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 396 S -.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 396 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 408 Q F0 -.599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2 -(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F -.794(persists be)108 420 R .794(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 -F .793(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor')-.25 F -(s)-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 432 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1(va)2.5 -G(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha)2.5 E -(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .283(In the follo)108 448.8 R .284(wing descriptio\ -ns, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst charact\ -er of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 460.8 R F1(<)3.012 E -F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +.6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 +(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F .793(persists be)108 420 R .793 +(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F .794 +(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor')-.25 F(s) +-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 432 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1(va)2.5 G +(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha)2.5 E(vior) +-.2 E(.)-.55 E .284(In the follo)108 448.8 R .283(wing descriptions, if\ + the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst character of \ +the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 460.8 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 +3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F (redirection operator is)108 472.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 489.6 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 -(jected to brace e)108 501.6 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 513.6 R -.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 489.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 +(jected to brace e)108 501.6 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 513.6 R +.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 525.6 S(rd,).1 E F1 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 525.6 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 542.4 Q -.15 (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 559.2 Q F1(>)2.5 @@ -3864,12 +3865,12 @@ Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .505 E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F (output before the standard output w)108 621.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 638.4 Q F0 .598(handles se) -3.098 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F -3.099(ya)-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo) --3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 650.4 R .978 -(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .977 +F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 638.4 Q F0 .599(handles se) +3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F +3.099(ya)-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo) +-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 650.4 R .977 +(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F (otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 662.4 Q (vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 679.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 @@ -3877,7 +3878,7 @@ E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 691.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 (is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 703.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 (File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(29)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(29)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3888,21 +3889,21 @@ SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 (File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 144 Q F2 -(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 156 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 168 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 180 Q F2(host) -2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 208.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .045(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 2.546(ym)-.15 G .046 -(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.546 F +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045 +(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F (scriptors the shell uses internally)108 237.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 254.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) @@ -3913,43 +3914,43 @@ an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 2.546(ym)-.15 G .046 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 295.2 Q([)144 312 Q F2 (n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 328.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .174 +-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 340.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .084(ing on \214le descriptor)108 352.8 -R F2(n)2.944 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 +108 340.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 352.8 +R F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0 -.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .083(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F +.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F (x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 364.8 Q (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 381.6 Q([)144 398.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 427.2 R -.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 -(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 427.2 R +.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 +(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -468 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +468 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 (Redirection of output in this f)108 480 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .454 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .455 (opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 492 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.315 E F0 -.455(is not speci\214ed.)3.195 F(If)5.455 E(the \214le does not e)108 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.314 E F0 +.454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108 504 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E (The general format for appending output is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 (This construct allo)108 566.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3960,13 +3961,13 @@ F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 652.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 686.4 R F2(wor) +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 686.4 R F2(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G -.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 698.4 Q +-.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G +.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 698.4 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2) -150.675 E(30)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(30)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3974,7 +3975,7 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or) --.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ +-.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\ scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e) 108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E @@ -3986,31 +3987,31 @@ F0(.).77 E 192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 (Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .615 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 +a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .614 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E (The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(]) A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108 331.2 R F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 -.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 (is quoted, the)3.651 F F2(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 (is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n) --2.881 E F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +-2.881 E F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 (and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 1.195 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194 (are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 1.194 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.194 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195 (xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\) 2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 (If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5(.T).73 @@ -4019,46 +4020,46 @@ G(his allo)-5 E -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) 144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q -F2(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 +F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S -1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .374(wline appended\ +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .375(wline appended\ , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) 108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator) -108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -568.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G -2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F12.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q +568.8 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) +2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F12.65 E F0 +2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 +(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) +2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q (The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(d)-.37 E F0 .443 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R -(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F .565 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R .565(If the digits in)5.565 F F2(wor)3.406 +(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F2(wor)3.406 E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \ -a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.204(curs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor)3.544 -E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.974 G .704(luates to).25 F F13.204 E F0 -3.204<2c8c>C .704(le descriptor)-3.204 F F2(n)3.563 E F0 .703 -(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F2(n)3.203 E F0 -.703(is omitted, and)3.203 F F2(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.203 E -.965(not e)108 679.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 -3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 +a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor)3.543 +E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F13.203 E F0 +3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F2(n)3.563 E F0 .703 +(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F2(n)3.204 E F0 +.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F2(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E +.966(not e)108 679.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 +3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(31)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(31)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4067,19 +4068,19 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator) 108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 -(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518 -(he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F2(digit)3.018 E F0 .518 -(to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F2(n)3.378 E F0 3.018(,o).24 G 3.018(rt) --3.018 G .517(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F2 -(n)3.017 E F0 .517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 +(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517 +(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F2(digit)3.017 E F0 .517 +(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F2(n)3.377 E F0 3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt) +-3.017 G .518(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F2 +(n)3.018 E F0 .518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A (Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) 144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 192 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.767(st).15 G .267(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F2 -(digit)2.767 E F0 .267(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F2(n)3.127 E F0 -2.767(,o).24 G 2.767(rt)-2.767 G .268 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F F2(n)2.768 E F0 -.268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F2 +(digit)2.768 E F0 .268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F2(n)3.128 E F0 +2.768(,o).24 G 2.768(rt)-2.768 G .267 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F F2(n)2.767 E F0 +.267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -4089,98 +4090,98 @@ A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 <6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E (xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q -F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674 -(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 +F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674 +(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 -(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F -(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 -(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 -1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) --3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12 -(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .528(to recursi)108 403.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .528(ly e).15 F .528(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.028(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.028 F .529 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.299 E F0 3.029(,t).67 G .529(hen the ne) --3.029 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 +(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 +F(check)108 343.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 +1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) +-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.119 +(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F +.295(not e)108 391.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 403.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne) +-3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 -(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .742 +(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .741 (There is no mechanism for using ar)108 448.8 R .741 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 3.241(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)3.241 E -.741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 460.8 Q -F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108 -477.6 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F1(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0 -.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +.742(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 460.8 Q +F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .283(Aliases are not e)108 +477.6 R .283(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F1(expand_aliases)2.782 E F0 +.282(shell option is set us-)2.782 F(ing)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .436 +E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 +506.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67 (one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 518.4 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E -1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 530.4 R 1.059 -(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F -.074(when it is e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 +1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 530.4 R 1.059 +(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F +.075(when it is e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ -and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 554.4 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G -.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 -(The commands follo)5.337 F .337 -(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108 +and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 554.4 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G +.337(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 +(The commands follo)5.337 F .338 +(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .552(not af)108 566.4 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This) -3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-) --.15 E .426(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ -unction is e)108 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425 -(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .403(is itself a command.) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .551(are e)3.051 F(x-) +-.15 E .425(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ +unction is e)108 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 +(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .404(is itself a command.) 108 590.4 R .403 -(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.403 F --.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) +(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.404 F +-.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) 108 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) -3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F1 (alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 614.4 Q -.15 (Fo)108 631.2 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 648 Q F0 3.467(As)108 660 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 648 Q F0 3.468(As)108 660 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 672 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 672 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 696 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 +(shell; no ne)108 696 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E 1.659(The special parameter)108 720 -R F1(#)4.159 E F0 1.659(is updated to re\215ect the change.)4.159 F -1.659(Special parameter)6.659 F F1(0)4.159 E F0 1.658(is unchanged.) -4.158 F 1.658(The \214rst)6.658 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2) +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E 1.658(The special parameter)108 720 +R F1(#)4.158 E F0 1.659(is updated to re\215ect the change.)4.158 F +1.659(Special parameter)6.659 F F1(0)4.159 E F0 1.659(is unchanged.) +4.159 F 1.659(The \214rst)6.659 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) 150.675 E(32)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -4193,20 +4194,20 @@ BP -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 100.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 112.8 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.715 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 124.8 S(IL) -.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.214(these e)108 112.8 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.714 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 124.8 S(IL) +.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 136.8 R F1(declar) +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 136.8 R F1(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 148.8 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 148.8 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 160.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 (shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 177.6 S .368 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) @@ -4217,112 +4218,112 @@ F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 160.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -.55 G 2.88(fav)-5.38 G .38(ariable is declared)-3.13 F F2(local)2.88 E F0(,)A(the v)108 201.6 Q(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(isible scope is \ restricted to that function and its children \(including the functions \ -it calls\).)-2.5 E .727(In the follo)108 218.4 R .727 -(wing description, the)-.25 F F3(curr)3.227 E .727(ent scope)-.37 F F0 -.726(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .726(cuting function.).15 -F(Pre)5.726 E .726(vious scopes consist)-.25 F 1.003(of that function') -108 230.4 R 3.503(sc)-.55 G 1.004 +it calls\).)-2.5 E .726(In the follo)108 218.4 R .726 +(wing description, the)-.25 F F3(curr)3.226 E .726(ent scope)-.37 F F0 +.727(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .727(cuting function.).15 +F(Pre)5.727 E .727(vious scopes consist)-.25 F 1.004(of that function') +108 230.4 R 3.504(sc)-.55 G 1.004 (aller and so on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not e) --3.503 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.004(cuting an).15 F 3.504(ys)-.15 G(hell) --3.504 E 3.41(function. Consequently)108 242.4 R 3.41(,al)-.65 G .91 -(ocal v)-3.41 F .909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .909 -(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F2(local)3.409 E F0(or)3.409 E F2 -(de-)3.409 E(clar)108 254.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +-3.504 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.003(cuting an).15 F 3.503(ys)-.15 G(hell) +-3.503 E 3.409(function. Consequently)108 242.4 R 3.409(,al)-.65 G .909 +(ocal v)-3.409 F .909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .91 +(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F2(local)3.41 E F0(or)3.41 E F2(de-) +3.41 E(clar)108 254.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins in the function that is currently e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.) -.15 E .635(Local v)108 271.2 R .635(ariables "shado)-.25 F .635(w" v) --.25 F .635(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .636 -(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.636 G 3.136(ri).15 G .636 -(nstance, a local)-3.136 F -.25(va)108 283.2 S .581 -(riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .58 -(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .182 -(to the local v)108 295.2 R .182(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183 -(ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .183 +.15 E .636(Local v)108 271.2 R .636(ariables "shado)-.25 F .636(w" v) +-.25 F .635(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .635 +(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.635 G 3.135(ri).15 G .635 +(nstance, a local)-3.135 F -.25(va)108 283.2 S .58 +(riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .581 +(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .183 +(to the local v)108 295.2 R .183(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183 +(ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .182 (When the function returns, the global v)5.183 F(ariable)-.25 E -(is once ag)108 307.2 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .727(The shell uses)108 324 -R F3 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F -(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 -F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 336 R -.007(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 +(is once ag)108 307.2 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .726(The shell uses)108 324 +R F3 .726(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F +(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G .727(isibility within functions.)-3.227 +F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 336 R +.008(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) -108 348 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 -(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 360 Q -2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) +108 348 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 360 Q +2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) +F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) 108 372 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -388.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F3(func1) -2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F3(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 -(calls another function)2.723 F F3(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 -(references to)108 400.8 R F3(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 -F F3(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) --2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.964 E F0(from) -2.964 E F3(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F +388.8 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +(var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F3(func1) +2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F3(func1)2.724 E F0 .224 +(calls another function)2.724 F F3(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 +(references to)108 400.8 R F3(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 +F F3(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) +-2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.963 E F0(from) +2.963 E F3(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F (y)-.15 E(global v)108 412.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 429.6 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 -(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 +(The)108 429.6 Q F2(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482 +(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 (will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 441.6 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 3.325(av)108 453.6 S .824(ariable at the current local scope is\ +-5.19 E 3.324(av)108 453.6 S .824(ariable at the current local scope is\ unset, it will remain so \(appearing as unset\) until it is reset in t\ -hat)-3.575 F 1.141(scope or until the function returns.)108 465.6 R +hat)-3.574 F 1.142(scope or until the function returns.)108 465.6 R 1.141(Once the function returns, an)6.141 F 3.641(yi)-.15 G 1.141 -(nstance of the v)-3.641 F 1.142(ariable at a pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.977(scope will become visible.)108 477.6 R .976 -(If the unset acts on a v)5.977 F .976(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .976 -(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.476(yi)-.15 G .976(nstance of a v)-3.476 F -(ariable)-.25 E .007(with that name that had been shado)108 489.6 R .008 -(wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.508(wh)-.25 G .508 -.25 -(ow t)-2.508 H(he).25 E F2(localv)2.508 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .008 -(shell option)2.508 F(changes this beha)108 501.6 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The) -108 518.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 +(nstance of the v)-3.641 F 1.141(ariable at a pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E +.976(scope will become visible.)108 477.6 R .976 +(If the unset acts on a v)5.976 F .976(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .977 +(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.477(yi)-.15 G .977(nstance of a v)-3.477 F +(ariable)-.25 E .008(with that name that had been shado)108 489.6 R .007 +(wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.507(wh)-.25 G .507 -.25 +(ow t)-2.507 H(he).25 E F2(localv)2.507 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .007 +(shell option)2.507 F(changes this beha)108 501.6 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The) +108 518.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 547.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 547.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 559.2 R 1.012 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 559.2 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 571.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 571.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) 108 583.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 600 R F2 3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. The)108 612 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.047(\214le and line number)108 624 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G +.046(\214le and line number)108 624 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G (he)-2.546 E F2(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046 (shell option is enabled\).)2.546 F .046(Functions may be e)5.046 F .046 -(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .492 +(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .493 (processes \(those created when e)108 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 (cuting a separate shell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .492 -(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .793 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .493 -(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 648 Q F23.201 E F0 .701 -(option to the)3.201 F F2(export)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G 3.201 -(iltin. A).2 F .7(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.201 F -F23.2 E F0 .7(option to the)3.2 F F2(unset)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)108 660 -S(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi)108 676.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .792 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .492 +(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 648 Q F23.2 E F0 .7 +(option to the)3.2 F F2(export)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G 3.2(iltin. A).2 F +.701(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.2 F F23.201 +E F0 .701(option to the)3.201 F F2(unset)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)108 660 S +(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi)108 676.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 -(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .323 +(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .322 (stack and restrict the number of function in)108 688.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322 (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 700.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 -E(33)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) +150.675 E(33)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4330,22 +4331,22 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 84 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G -(ION)1.04 E F0 1.088(The shell allo)108 96 R 1.088(ws arithmetic e)-.25 +(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089(The shell allo)108 96 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089 (luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(let)3.589 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(de-)3.589 E(clar)108 108 Q(e)-.18 E F0 --.2(bu)3.453 G .953(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.453 E F0 .952 +SF(let)3.588 E F0(and)3.588 E F2(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 108 Q(e)-.18 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.452 G .952(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 (compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 -3.452(\). Ev)B .952(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 120 Q 1.057 +3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 120 Q 1.058 (ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 (The operators and their precedence, associati)108 132 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F -(lo)108 144 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)5.44 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F +(lo)108 144 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) +5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F (of decreasing precedence.)108 156 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 172.8 Q F2(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 184.8 S (riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 196.8 S @@ -4370,91 +4371,91 @@ F0(bitwise e)144 340.8 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) (Shell v)108 465.6 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 477.6 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 477.6 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) -.25 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G .165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F -.42(ing the parameter e)108 501.6 R .42(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .42 -(The v)5.42 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G .421(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .421(xpression when)-.15 F -.154(it is referenced, or when a v)108 513.6 R .154 +.421(ing the parameter e)108 501.6 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 +(The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F +.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 513.6 R .154 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) --2.654 E F3(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .153 -(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.653 E 2.653<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.653 E F0 .153 -(is assigned a)2.653 F -.25(va)108 525.6 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 +-2.654 E F3(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154 +(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154 +(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 525.6 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 (null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 (attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 537.6 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 554.4 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F -3.018(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F -<8c78>-.25 E .517(es or character constants.)-.15 F .517(Constants with) -5.517 F 3.282(al)108 566.4 S .782 -(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G -.783(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.283 F 3.283(xadecimal. Otherwise,) --.15 F(num-)3.283 E .816(bers tak)108 578.4 R 3.316(et)-.1 G .816 -(he form [)-3.316 F F3(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) -3.315 E F0 .815(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 -F .349(the arithmetic base, and)108 590.4 R F3(n)2.849 E F0 .349 -(is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.85 E F0 .35 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.85 F .35(When speci-)5.35 F(fying) -108 602.4 Q F3(n)2.975 E F0 2.975(,i)C 2.975(fan)-2.975 G .474(on-digit\ - is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-2.975 -F .474(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 +(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 554.4 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F +3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F +<8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with) +5.518 F 3.283(al)108 566.4 S .783 +(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G +.782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,) +-.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 578.4 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 +(he form [)-3.315 F F3(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) +3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 +F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 590.4 R F3(n)2.85 E F0 .35 +(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F +(fying)108 602.4 Q F3(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\ +n-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the l\ +o)-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 (percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 614.4 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) -5.518 E F3(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F .518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 -626.4 Q .235(Operators are e)108 643.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +626.4 Q .234(Operators are e)108 643.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 655.2 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -(CONDITION)72 672 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255(Conditional e)108 684 -R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)2.755 E F0 .255 +(CONDITION)72 672 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256(Conditional e)108 684 +R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)2.755 E F0 .255 (compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([) -2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F .134 -(\214le attrib)108 696 R .134 +2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F .133 +(\214le attrib)108 696 R .133 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E -F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.633 E F0 .133 -(commands determine their be-)2.633 F(ha)108 708 Q .197 -(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .198 -(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.698(yo) --.15 G .198(ther command-)-2.698 F(speci\214c actions.)108 720 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(34)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.634 E F0 .134 +(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 708 Q .198 +(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .197 +(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.697(yo) +-.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 720 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(34)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .235 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .234 (Expressions are formed from the follo)108 84 R .234 (wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.234 -E F0 .234(handles se)2.734 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .234(ral \214lenames spe-) -.15 F .424(cially when the)108 96 R 2.924(ya)-.15 G .424(re used in e) --2.924 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which) -2.925 F F1(bash)2.925 E F0 .425(is running pro)2.925 F .425(vides these) --.15 F .345(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emul\ -ate them internally with this beha)108 108 R .344(vior: If an)-.2 F(y) --.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.844 E F0(ar)2.844 E(-)-.2 E .805 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 120 R F2(/de)3.305 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.306(,t)C .806(hen \214le descriptor)-3.306 F F2(n) -3.306 E F0 .806(is check)3.306 F 3.306(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.306 E F2 -(\214le)3.306 E F0(ar)3.306 E(gu-)-.18 E .03 -(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 132 R F2(/de)2.53 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.529(,o)C(r)-2.529 E F2 -(/de)2.529 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.529<2c8c>C .029 -(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.529 F(ti)108 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 +E F0 .235(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-) +.15 F .425(cially when the)108 96 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e) +-2.925 F 2.925(xpressions. 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If)-.1 F(the)3.305 E F2 +(\214le)3.305 E F0(ar)3.305 E(gu-)-.18 E .029 +(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 132 R F2(/de)2.529 E +(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) +-2.53 E F2(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 +(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 160.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +108 160.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) -3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 172.8 -Q 1.096(When used with)108 190.8 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 -E F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 -E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +Q 1.095(When used with)108 190.8 R F1([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 +E F1(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 +E F1(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 202.8 Q F1108 226.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 226.8 S (ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 238.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 238.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 @@ -4511,10 +4512,10 @@ E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 538.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2) 2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 550.8 Q -F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 562.8 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 +F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 562.8 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.763 E F0(option to the)144 574.8 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 574.8 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 586.8 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 598.8 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname) 2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1 @@ -4525,7 +4526,7 @@ F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 658.8 Q F1108 670.8 Q F2(string) 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 682.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 699.6 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 -E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(35)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(35)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4533,11 +4534,11 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)2.5 E F1 -(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S .862(ue if the strings are equal.).35 +(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S .861(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 .861(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E -F0 .861(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the) +F0 .862(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the) 144 108 R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 -.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 120 Q F0(\).)A F1 (string1)108 136.8 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 148.8 S (ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 165.6 Q F2(<)2.5 @@ -4547,73 +4548,73 @@ E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 194.4 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)144 206.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1 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H(nte).15 E -3.589(gers. When)-.15 F 1.089(used with the)3.589 F F2([[)3.589 E F0 -(command,)144 271.2 Q F1(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F1(Ar)4.447 -E(g2)-.37 E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937 +R F1(ar)144 259.2 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar) +3.919 E(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H +3.589(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H +(nte).15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E +F0(command,)144 271.2 Q F1(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F1(Ar) +4.447 E(g2)-.37 E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937 (luated as arithmetic e).25 F .937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 283.2 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 300 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614 +(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 300 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 (When a simple command is e)108 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F (rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 324 Q(wing order)-.25 E -(.)-.55 E(1.)108 340.8 Q 1.848(The w)144 340.8 R 1.848 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 +(.)-.55 E(1.)108 340.8 Q 1.849(The w)144 340.8 R 1.849 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F (name\) and redirections are sa)144 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 369.6 Q .18(The w)144 369.6 R .18 +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 369.6 Q .179(The w)144 369.6 R .179 (ords that are not v)-.1 F .179 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.679(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)2.679 E 2.679(yw)-.15 G .179(ords remain af-)-2.779 F .346(ter e) -144 381.6 R .346(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .346(ord is tak)-.1 F -.347(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .347 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)2.68 E 2.68(yw)-.15 G .18(ords remain af-)-2.78 F .347(ter e)144 +381.6 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 +(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346 (ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 393.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 410.4 Q (Redirections are performed as described abo)144 410.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 427.2 Q .717(The te)144 427.2 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 +108 427.2 Q .716(The te)144 427.2 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 439.2 R .339 +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 439.2 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 (efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 451.2 Q -.587(If no command name results, the v)108 468 R .586 +.586(If no command name results, the v)108 468 R .586 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .586(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -3.086(vironment. In)-.4 F .586(the case of)3.086 F .371(such a command \ +3.087(vironment. In)-.4 F .587(the case of)3.087 F .371(such a command \ \(one that consists only of assignment statements and redirections\), a\ ssignment statements)108 480 R .835(are performed before redirections.) 108 492 R .835(Otherwise, the v)5.835 F .835 (ariables are added to the en)-.25 F .835(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .838(command and do not af)108 504 R .838 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .839(command and do not af)108 504 R .838 (fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.338(vironment. If)-.4 F(an)3.338 E -3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G .839 +3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G .838 (he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 516 S (lue to a readonly v).25 E(ariable, an error occurs, and the command e) --.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +-.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 (If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 532.8 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 (vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 544.8 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 (If there is a command name left after e)108 561.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -573.6 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 585.6 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 +573.6 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 585.6 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 597.6 Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 614.4 Q F0 -.547(After a command has been split into w)108 626.4 R .546 +.546(After a command has been split into w)108 626.4 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 638.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ @@ -4624,90 +4625,90 @@ mpts to locate it.)108 655.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 679.2 Q 2.5 (uiltins. 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When)108 160.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E -F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 177.6 -R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) -2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 -189.6 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 -(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 -(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F +F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 177.6 +R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) +2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 +(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 +189.6 R F2(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197 +(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G .198 +(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 F (as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 201.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 218.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.343(When a program is in)108 230.4 +(ENVIR)72 218.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.344(When a program is in)108 230.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg) -4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343 (rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F2(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.344(his is a list of)-7.343 F F2(name)108 242.4 Q +E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.343(his is a list of)-7.343 F F2(name)108 242.4 Q F0A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E .439(The shell pro)108 259.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F +(value)A F0(.).18 E .438(The shell pro)108 259.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 2.938(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .438(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ nd creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it fo\ -r)108 271.2 R F2 -.2(ex)3.209 G(port).2 E F0 .709(to child pro-)3.889 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 283.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +r)108 271.2 R F2 -.2(ex)3.208 G(port).2 E F0 .708(to child pro-)3.888 F +2.703(cesses. Ex)108 283.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E .332 +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E .332 (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 295.2 R 2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 -(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .132 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 307.2 R 2.632(wv)-.25 G .131 -(alue becomes part of the en)-2.882 F .131 -(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .131(The en)5.131 F(vironment)-.4 E -.32(inherited by an)108 319.2 R 2.82(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.97 G .321 +(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .131 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 307.2 R 2.631(wv)-.25 G .131 +(alue becomes part of the en)-2.881 F .132 +(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .132(The en)5.132 F(vironment)-.4 E +.321(inherited by an)108 319.2 R 2.821(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.971 G .321 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 -(nitial en)-2.821 F .321(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .321 -(alues may be modi-)-.25 F .534(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 331.2 R -3.034(yp)-.15 G .534(airs remo)-3.034 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G -3.034(yt)-3.034 G(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an) -3.034 F 3.033(ya)-.15 G .533(dditions via the)-3.033 F F1(export)3.033 E -F0(and)3.033 E F1(de-)3.033 E(clar)108 343.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E -F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 360 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y) --.15 E F2 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 +(nitial en)-2.821 F .32(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .32(alues may be modi-) +-.25 F .533(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 331.2 R 3.033(yp)-.15 G +.534(airs remo)-3.033 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G 3.034(yt)-3.034 G +(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)3.034 F 3.034(ya) +-.15 G .534(dditions via the)-3.034 F F1(export)3.034 E F0(and)3.034 E +F1(de-)3.034 E(clar)108 343.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.) +2.5 E .563(The en)108 360 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563 +(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 372 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 372 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 384 Q(vironment seen by that command.) +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 384 Q(vironment seen by that command.) -.4 E .81(If the)108 400.8 R F13.31 E F0 .81 (option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 (iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81 (parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 412.8 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 429.6 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) --3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 +-.4 E(When)108 429.6 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) +-3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F (passed to that command in its en)108 441.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 -(EXIT ST)72 458.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 470.4 R -.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) -.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 -(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 -(tion. Exit)108 482.4 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 -(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 -F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 494.4 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G -.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 +(EXIT ST)72 458.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 470.4 R +.151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 +(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 +(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 482.4 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F +.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 +F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 494.4 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G +.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 506.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 523.2 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 -(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 535.2 R 2.548(An) -5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 547.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +(Fo)108 523.2 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 +(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 535.2 R 2.549(An) +5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 547.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .405 +(xit status.)-.15 E .404 (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 564 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 576 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 576 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 592.8 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 609.6 R .08 +-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 609.6 R .081 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 621.6 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 -(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F +(the)108 621.6 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F +-.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 633.6 Q(guments.)-.18 +(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 633.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(The e)108 650.4 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va) -.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E F1(Bash)108 667.2 Q F0 -.201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202(xit status of the last command e) --.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 +.202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202(xit status of the last command e) +-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 679.2 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 -(SIGN)72 696 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 708 Q F1(bash)2.503 E F0 .002 +(SIGN)72 696 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 708 Q F1(bash)2.502 E F0 .002 (is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G .002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002(raps, it ignores) -2.502 F F4(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F F1 .002(kill 0) -2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 720 Q 1.215 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .915(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.415 E F0 .915 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.165 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.416 G .916(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .916(In all cases,)5.916 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(38)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 720 Q 1.216 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .916(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E F0 .915 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .915(In all cases,)5.915 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(38)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4883,150 +4884,150 @@ SF(bash)108 84 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT) -.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,) -.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F2(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F3(,)A F2(SIGTT) 2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0(Non-b) -108 100.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha) -3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F -1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) -108 112.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F2(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F2(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 +108 100.8 Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha) +3.564 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F +1.065(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When) +108 112.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F2(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) +2.997 E F2(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 124.8 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 136.8 Q F2 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F3(,)A F2(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 153.6 R 2.045 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 153.6 R 2.046 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F2(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F3(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F2(SIGHUP)108 165.6 Q F0 -1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F2(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 -(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F2(SIGHUP)108 177.6 Q F3(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) -5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ - to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 189.6 R F1(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F2 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 +F3(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F2(SIGHUP)108 165.6 Q F0 +1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F2(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 +(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F2(SIGHUP)108 177.6 Q F3(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 +H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ +particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G +.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 189.6 R F1(diso) +3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F2 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E +1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 (SIGHUP)108 201.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 218.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F2(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -230.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 247.2 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F +230.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 247.2 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +-3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .327 -(via the)108 271.2 R F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin, the \ +F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326 +(via the)108 271.2 R F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \ reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F -F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F +F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin to re-).2 F (turn immediately with an e)108 283.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .498(When job control is not enabled, and) +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .499(When job control is not enabled, and) 108 300 R F1(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore) --.1 F .499(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 312 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.606(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.706 G .105 +-.1 F .498(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 312 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.605(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.705 G .105 (board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIGINT)2.605 E F0 .105 (\(usually generated by)2.355 F F1(^C)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)t)C .105 -(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .423(send to that command.)108 +(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .424(send to that command.)108 324 R .424(This happens because the shell and the command are in the sa\ me process group as)5.424 F(the terminal, and)108 336 Q F1(^C)2.5 E F0 (sends)2.5 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(to all processes in that process group.) -2.25 E(When)108 352.8 Q F1(bash)3.801 E F0 1.3 +2.25 E(When)108 352.8 Q F1(bash)3.8 E F0 1.3 (is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (s).15 E F2(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3(aiting for a fore)-.1 -F(ground)-.15 E .809(command, it w)108 364.8 R .809 -(aits until that fore)-.1 F .81 +F(ground)-.15 E .81(command, it w)108 364.8 R .81(aits until that fore) +-.1 F .81 (ground command terminates and then decides what to do about the)-.15 F -F2(SIG-)3.31 E(INT)108 376.8 Q F3(:)A F0(1.)108 393.6 Q .003 -(If the command terminates due to the)144 393.6 R F2(SIGINT)2.503 E F3 -(,)A F1(bash)2.252 E F0 .002 +F2(SIG-)3.309 E(INT)108 376.8 Q F3(:)A F0(1.)108 393.6 Q .002 +(If the command terminates due to the)144 393.6 R F2(SIGINT)2.502 E F3 +(,)A F1(bash)2.252 E F0 .003 (concludes that the user meant to end the entire)2.502 F (script, and acts on the)144 405.6 Q F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., by running a)2.25 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(trap or e)2.25 E -(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 422.4 Q .288 +(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 422.4 Q .289 (If the command does not terminate due to)144 422.4 R F2(SIGINT)2.788 E -F3(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F2(SIGINT)2.789 E F0 .289 -(itself and did)2.539 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 434.4 R .728 +F3(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F2(SIGINT)2.788 E F0 .288 +(itself and did)2.538 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 434.4 R .728 (atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F1(bash)3.228 E F0 .728 (does not treat)3.228 F F2(SIGINT)3.228 E F0 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728 -(atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.228(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.228 E .771 -(stead assuming that the)144 446.4 R F2(SIGINT)3.271 E F0 -.1(wa)3.021 G -3.271(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.271 F 3.272(sn)-.55 G -.772(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.272 F .41 +(atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.229(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.229 E .772 +(stead assuming that the)144 446.4 R F2(SIGINT)3.272 E F0 -.1(wa)3.022 G +3.272(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.272 F 3.271(sn)-.55 G +.771(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.271 F .409 (uses it to abort editing commands\) or deliberately discarded.)144 458.4 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F1(bash)3.309 E -F0 .409(will run an)2.909 F 2.909(yt)-.15 G .409(rap set)-2.909 F(on)144 -470.4 Q F2(SIGINT)3.788 E F3(,)A F0 1.288(as it does with an)3.538 F -3.788(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.788 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.789(sw).15 G 1.289(hile it is w)-3.789 F 1.289(aiting for the fore-) +F0 .41(will run an)2.91 F 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(rap set)-2.91 F(on)144 +470.4 Q F2(SIGINT)3.789 E F3(,)A F0 1.289(as it does with an)3.539 F +3.789(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.789 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.788(sw).15 G 1.288(hile it is w)-3.788 F 1.288(aiting for the fore-) -.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 482.4 Q(.)-.65 E /F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 499.2 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 511.2 S 3.369(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.369 E(ol) --.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.879 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 511.2 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol) +-.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868(he e)-3.368 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37 -(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 523.2 Q F0 2.664(\)t)C .164(heir e)-2.664 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .164(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 -(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .165 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .465 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .165 +(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 523.2 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 +(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164 +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164 (ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 535.2 Q (ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 -G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 552 R -F5(job)5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F -.784(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .324(listed with the)108 564 R F1(jobs) -2.824 E F0 2.824(command. When)2.824 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.095 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .325(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 576 Q +G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 552 R +F5(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F +.785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 564 R F1(jobs) +2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 576 Q (e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 592.8 Q .241(indicating that this job is job nu\ mber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline asso\ -ciated)108 609.6 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 621.6 R .733 +ciated)108 609.6 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 621.6 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 633.6 Q F5(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.982 -.8 +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 633.6 Q F5(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.981 -.8 (To f)108 650.4 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) .7 F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 -F 1.537(tion of a)108 662.4 R F5(curr)4.037 E 1.537(ent terminal pr)-.37 -F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.538 +F 1.538(tion of a)108 662.4 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 +F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 674.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 686.4 Q -F3(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.715 F F5(for) +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 686.4 Q +F3(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for) 5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.216(processes are those whose process)4.485 -F .146(group ID dif)108 698.4 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 +F .145(group ID dif)108 698.4 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 (ground processes are allo)108 710.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 722.4 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(39)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 722.4 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(39)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .717 -(terminal are sent a)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT) -3.217 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218 -(st)-.55 G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H -.718(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 96 Q 1.088 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .718 +(terminal are sent a)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT) +3.218 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217 +(st)-.55 G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H +.717(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 96 Q 1.087 (If the operating system on which)108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash) -3.587 E F0 1.087(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 -(Ty)108 124.8 S .301(ping the).8 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.141 -E F0 .301(character \(typically)3.571 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash) +3.588 E F0 1.088(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 +(Ty)108 124.8 S .302(ping the).8 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.142 +E F0 .302(character \(typically)3.572 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 136.8 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 136.8 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F3 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F2(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F2(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 148.8 R(to)108 160.8 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F @@ -5034,13 +5035,13 @@ F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 (background, the)108 172.8 R F2(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 (command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F2 (kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F2(^Z)2.67 E F0 -(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.419(fect immediately)108 184.8 R 3.919 -(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.919 F 1.418 +(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 184.8 R 3.918 +(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.918 F 1.418 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) 108 196.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 213.6 R .777 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2 (%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 225.6 -Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F3(n)3.818 E F0 .957 +Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F3(n)3.817 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) @@ -5055,83 +5056,83 @@ E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 261.6 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing) (in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306 (substring matches more than one job,)108 273.6 R F2(bash)2.806 E F0 .306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F -F2(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F0 .306(refer to the shell') -2.806 F(s)-.55 E .132(notion of the)108 285.6 R F3(curr)2.832 E .133 +F2(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell') +2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 285.6 R F3(curr)2.833 E .133 (ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133 (hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore) --.1 F .133(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.576(ground. The)108 -297.6 R F3(pr)3.826 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .076(ious job).15 F F0 .076 -(may be referenced using)2.806 F F2<25ad>2.576 E F0 5.076(.I)C 2.576(ft) --5.076 G .075(here is only a single job,)-2.576 F F2(%+)2.575 E F0(and) -2.575 E F2<25ad>2.575 E F0 .075(can both)2.575 F .317 +-.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108 +297.6 R F3(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075 +(may be referenced using)2.805 F F2<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft) +-5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F2(%+)2.576 E F0(and) +2.576 E F2<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317 (be used to refer to that job)108 309.6 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317 G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F2 -(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .033(job is al)108 +(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108 321.6 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.533 E F0 2.533 (,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F22.533 -E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .032 +E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033 (ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108 -333.6 Q(.)-.4 E .443 +333.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 350.4 R -(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) --.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C -(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -362.4 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F +(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +362.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F (equi)108 374.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 391.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) -5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 403.2 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G -.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 -(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F22.657 E F0 .157 -(option to)2.657 F(the)108 415.2 Q F2(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 -(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 .148(is e)2.398 F +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 391.2 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 403.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F22.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 415.2 Q F2(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 +(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 427.2 Q(xits.) --.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 444 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)2.533 E F0 -.033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532 -(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F2(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 -(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 1.002(using the)108 456 R F2 -(shopt)3.502 E F0 -.2(bu)3.502 G 1.002 +-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 444 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)2.532 E F0 +.032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533 +(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F2(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 456 R F2 +(shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)3.503 E F0 1.003 -(option is en-)3.503 F .956(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 +(option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) 108 468 R(The)5.955 E F2(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .955(If a) -5.955 F .603(second attempt to e)108 480 R .604 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a) +5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 480 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .645 -(When the shell is w)108 508.8 R .645 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.144 E F0 -(will)3.144 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 520.8 R F2 +(and an)108 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644 +(When the shell is w)108 508.8 R .644 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.145 E F0 +(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 520.8 R F2 2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F2(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 (to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F (fore returning.)108 532.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 549.6 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645 -(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)3.145 E +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F1(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 -(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427 -(and the secondary prompt)108 573.6 R F1(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F2(Bash)5.428 E -F0(displays)2.928 E F1(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038 -(it reads a command b)108 585.6 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.038(cuting it.).15 F F2(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F1(PS4)2.537 E -F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.121(mand when the)108 597.6 R F2 -3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F2(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 +(and the secondary prompt)108 573.6 R F1(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F2(Bash)5.427 E +F0(displays)2.927 E F1(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 +(it reads a command b)108 585.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.037(cuting it.).15 F F2(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F1(PS4)2.538 E +F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 597.6 R F2 +3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F2(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ as follo)108 609.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 621.6 Q F0 (an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 621.6 Q F2(\\d)144 633.6 Q F0 (the date in "W)180 633.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E (ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 645.6 Q F3(format)A F2(})A F0(the)180 -657.6 Q F3(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F3(strftime) -3.927 E F0 1.427 +657.6 Q F3(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F3(strftime) +3.926 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 669.6 Q F3(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E @@ -5140,7 +5141,7 @@ as follo)108 609.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 621.6 Q F0 (the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 693.6 Q(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 705.6 Q F0(the hostname)180 705.6 Q F2(\\j)144 717.6 Q F0 (the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 717.6 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(40)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(40)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5160,8 +5161,8 @@ SF(\\l)144 84 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 84 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G 192 Q F0(the v)180 192 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 204 Q F0(the release of)180 204 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 216 Q F0 .119(the v)180 216 -R .119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 216 Q F0 .12(the v)180 216 R +.119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119 (ariable \()-.25 F F1($PWD)A F0 .119(\), with)B/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF ($HOME)2.619 E F0(abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F (the v)180 228 Q(alue of the)-.25 E F2(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM) @@ -5178,88 +5179,88 @@ F1(\\\\)144 300 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 300 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 312 Q F0(be)180 312 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F (control sequence into the prompt)180 324 Q F1(\\])144 336 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 336 Q .119 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 336 Q .12 (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 352.8 R -.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(position\ - in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hist\ -ory \214le \(see)108 364.8 R F2(HIST)3.046 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(be-)2.796 E(lo)108 376.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ -osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .355 -(cuted during the current).15 F .823(shell session.)108 388.8 R .822 -(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.823 F .822 -(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .822(xpansion, command substitution,) --.15 F .682(arithmetic e)108 400.8 R .682(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.15 G .682(l, subject to the v).25 F .683(alue of the)-.25 F -F1(pr)3.183 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .683(shell option \(see the de-) -3.183 F 1.198(scription of the)108 412.8 R F1(shopt)3.698 E F0 1.198 -(command under)3.698 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.447 E 3.697(w\). This)-.25 F 1.197 -(can ha)3.697 F 1.497 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) +.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\ +n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ +tory \214le \(see)108 364.8 R F2(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 376.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ +osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 +(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 388.8 R .822 +(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822 +(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,) +-.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 400.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.15 G .683(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F +F1(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-) +3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 412.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197 +(command under)3.697 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198 +(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) 108 424.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 436.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) -72 453.6 Q F0 .151 +72 453.6 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 465.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .384(is gi)108 477.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.884(na).15 G 2.884(ts)-2.884 G .384(hell in)-2.884 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 2.884(cation. Line).2 F .384 -(editing is also used when using the)2.884 F F12.885 E F0 .385 -(option to the)2.885 F F1 -.18(re)2.885 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.885 G -2.885(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.885 E -.1(fa)108 489.6 S 1.407 +108 465.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 477.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385 +(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F12.884 E F0 .384 +(option to the)2.884 F F1 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.884 G +2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 489.6 S 1.406 (ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F -3.906(Av)6.406 G 1.406(i-style line editing interf)-3.906 F 1.406 +3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407 (ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 501.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 513.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +(\(see)108 513.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E (emacs)108 525.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 542.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) 108 554.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 566.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) --.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 578.4 S .83 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 -(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 -(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H -.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 590.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) --3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 566.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) +-.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 578.4 S .831 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 +3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 +(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 590.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 +(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 +(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 (hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .595(Readline commands may be gi)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 +.65 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F3(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G -.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.596 E -(ho)108 631.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti) -.4 G 3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E +(ho)108 631.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 643.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 643.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 655.2 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 655.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 672 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 672 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 684 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 684 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) -.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 696 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(41)199.835 E 0 Cg +108 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(41)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5270,26 +5271,26 @@ BP SF(Readline Initialization)87 84 Q F0 .091(Readline is customized by pu\ tting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 96 R/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 -F .092(name of this \214le)2.591 F .573(is tak)108 108 R .573 +F .091(name of this \214le)2.591 F .572(is tak)108 108 R .573 (en from the v)-.1 F .573(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (INPUTRC)3.073 E F0 -.25(va)2.823 G 3.073(riable. If).25 F .573(that v) 3.073 F .573(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573(ault is)-.1 F F2 -(~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.572(.I).31 G 3.072(ft)-5.572 G(hat) --3.072 E 3.061(\214le does)108 120 R .561(not e)3.061 F .562 +(~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.573(.I).31 G 3.073(ft)-5.573 G(hat) +-3.073 E 3.062(\214le does)108 120 R .562(not e)3.062 F .562 (xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F2 -(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.562(.W).31 G .562 -(hen a program which uses the)-5.562 F .175(readline library starts up,\ - the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 132 R .474 -.15(ey b) --.1 H .174(indings and v).15 F .174(ariables are set.)-.25 F .174 -(There are)5.174 F .238(only a fe)108 144 R 2.738(wb)-.25 G .238 -(asic constructs allo)-2.738 F .239 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .239 -(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .239(Lines be)5.239 F(gin-)-.15 E .554 -(ning with a)108 156 R F1(#)3.054 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.054 F .554 +(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.561(.W).31 G .561 +(hen a program which uses the)-5.561 F .174(readline library starts up,\ + the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 132 R .475 -.15(ey b) +-.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175 +(There are)5.175 F .239(only a fe)108 144 R 2.739(wb)-.25 G .239 +(asic constructs allo)-2.739 F .239 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .238 +(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .238(Lines be)5.238 F(gin-)-.15 E .553 +(ning with a)108 156 R F1(#)3.053 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554 (Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.054 E F0 .554 -(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .553(Other lines denote)5.553 +(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .554(Other lines denote)5.554 F -.1(ke)108 168 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.) --.25 E .986(The def)108 184.8 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 +-.25 E .987(The def)108 184.8 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 (-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr)3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987(programs that use this library may) 3.487 F(add their o)108 196.8 Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15 @@ -5299,11 +5300,11 @@ F -.1(ke)108 168 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 266.4 Q F2(inputr) 2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e) -2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2(univer)2.58 E -(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.011(The follo)108 283.2 R +(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.01(The follo)108 283.2 R 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 -.4(RU) 3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC)4.021 E -F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)4.21 E F0(,).73 E F2 -(RET)4.14 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108.63 295.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.83 +F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)4.211 E F0(,).73 E F2 +(RET)4.141 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108.63 295.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.83 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (In addition to command names, readline allo)108 312 R .209(ws k)-.25 F @@ -5314,46 +5315,46 @@ F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (The syntax for controlling k)108 352.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 364.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 364.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) -.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .139(\214ed in one of tw)108 +.15 F .263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .138(\214ed in one of tw)108 376.8 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 (ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) 2.638 E F2(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F .438 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 388.8 Q -.16(When using the form)108 405.6 R F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A -F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A -F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 417.6 R(or e) +(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 388.8 Q +.161(When using the form)108 405.6 R F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A +F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 E F2(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A +F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 417.6 R(or e) -.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 453.6 Q -(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 465.6 Q .699 +(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 465.6 Q .698 (In the abo)108 482.4 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u) 3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) -.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 (is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 494.4 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F2 -(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 +(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 506.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 523.2 R F1("k)2.556 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr) -2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 -(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 523.2 R F1("k)2.555 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) +2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 +(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 (denoting an entire k)108 535.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 547.2 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 -(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 547.2 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 +(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F (are not recognized.)108 559.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 583.2 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 595.2 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 607.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 624 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) -3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 607.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 +(In this e)108 624 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) +3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 636 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 636 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(ESC [ 1 1 ~) 3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4(Function Key 1) 2.5 E F0(.)A(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 @@ -5361,7 +5362,7 @@ G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 144 676.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 676.8 Q F1(\\e)144 688.8 Q F0 (an escape character)180 688.8 Q F1(\\\\)144 700.8 Q F0(backslash)180 700.8 Q F1(\\")144 712.8 Q F0(literal ")180 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(42)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(42)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5381,26 +5382,27 @@ F0(delete)180 136.8 Q F1(\\f)144 148.8 Q F0(form feed)180 148.8 Q F1 (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 220.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 220.8 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 (When entering the te)108 237.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ - quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 -(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 -F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 -(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 + quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 +(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F +.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 261.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F -.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) -.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .345 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.546 E F0 .046 -(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 +F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 +F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .346 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 302.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 331.2 +(Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 331.2 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 360 Q F2 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 372 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E @@ -5408,71 +5410,71 @@ F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 360 Q F2 (Except where noted, readline v)108 388.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1 (Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) -.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 400.8 R .448 +.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 400.8 R .448 (ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) --.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 +-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 -(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 +(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 424.8 S(lues are:).25 E F1(acti)108 441.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E -(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 2.73(As)144 453.6 S .23(tring v)-2.73 -F .23(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229 -(xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .229 -(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 465.6 Q 1.526 +(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 2.729(As)144 453.6 S .229(tring v) +-2.729 F .229(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229 +(xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .23 +(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 465.6 Q 1.527 (gion \(see the description of)-.15 F F1(enable\255acti)4.026 E -.1(ve) -.1 G.1 E(egion)-.18 E F0(belo)4.026 E 4.026(w\). This)-.25 F -1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.027(eu)-.1 G 4.027(pa)-4.027 G -.15 -(ny)-4.027 G(ph)144 477.6 Q .284 -(ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.784(,s)-.65 G 2.784 -(oi)-2.784 G 2.784(ts)-2.784 G .283 +1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.026(eu)-.1 G 4.026(pa)-4.026 G -.15 +(ny)-4.026 G(ph)144 477.6 Q .283 +(ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.783(,s)-.65 G 2.784 +(oi)-2.783 G 2.784(ts)-2.784 G .284 (hould consist only of terminal escape sequences.)-2.784 F .45 (It is output to the terminal before displaying the te)144 489.6 R .45 (xt in the acti)-.15 F .75 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.95 -(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .379 -(the def)144 501.6 R .379(ault v)-.1 F .379(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.879(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.879 F .379 -(The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .378 -(alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .654 +(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .378 +(the def)144 501.6 R .378(ault v)-.1 F .378(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.878(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.878 F .379 +(The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .379 +(alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .655 (terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal')144 513.6 R -3.155(st)-.55 G .655(erminfo description.)-3.155 F 3.155(As)5.655 G .655 -(ample v)-3.155 F(alue)-.25 E(might be)144 525.6 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +3.154(st)-.55 G .654(erminfo description.)-3.154 F 3.154(As)5.654 G .654 +(ample v)-3.154 F(alue)-.25 E(might be)144 525.6 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF ("\\e[01;33m")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(acti)108 537.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E -(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E F0 3.909(As)144 549.6 S 1.409(tring v) --3.909 F 1.408(ariable that "undoes" the ef)-.25 F 1.408(fects of)-.25 F +(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E F0 3.908(As)144 549.6 S 1.408(tring v) +-3.908 F 1.408(ariable that "undoes" the ef)-.25 F 1.408(fects of)-.25 F F1(acti)3.908 E -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 -1.408(and restores "normal")3.908 F .216 +1.409(and restores "normal")3.908 F .216 (terminal display appearance after displaying te)144 561.6 R .216 (xt in the acti)-.15 F .516 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.716 (ion. This).15 F .216(string must not tak)2.716 F 2.716(eu)-.1 G(p) --2.716 E(an)144 573.6 Q 3.738(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.738 G 1.238 +-2.716 E(an)144 573.6 Q 3.737(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.737 G 1.237 (sical character positions on the display).05 F 3.737(,s)-.65 G 3.737 -(oi)-3.737 G 3.737(ts)-3.737 G 1.237 -(hould consist only of terminal escape se-)-3.737 F 2.927(quences. It) -144 585.6 R .427(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.927 -F .428(xt in the acti)-.15 F .728 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.928 -(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.928 G .428(riable is).25 F .519 +(oi)-3.737 G 3.737(ts)-3.737 G 1.238 +(hould consist only of terminal escape se-)-3.737 F 2.928(quences. It) +144 585.6 R .428(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.928 +F .427(xt in the acti)-.15 F .727 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.927 +(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.927 G .427(riable is).25 F .518 (reset to the def)144 597.6 R .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.018(rt).15 G .518(he terminal type changes.)-3.018 F .518(The def)5.518 F .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue is the string that)-.25 -F .251(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\ -erminal')144 609.6 R 2.752(st)-.55 G .252(erminfo description.)-2.752 F -(A)5.252 E(sample v)144 621.6 Q(alue might be)-.25 E F4("\\e[0m")2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 633.6 Q F0 .011 +F .252(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\ +erminal')144 609.6 R 2.751(st)-.55 G .251(erminfo description.)-2.751 F +(A)5.251 E(sample v)144 621.6 Q(alue might be)-.25 E F4("\\e[0m")2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 633.6 Q F0 .01 (Controls what happens when readline w)144 645.6 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 -E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 -(rings the bell.)144 657.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 -3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) --.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A -(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 669.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 681.6 Q F0 .056 -(If set to)144 693.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ -s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 705.6 Q -.15 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) +2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 657.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E +F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 +(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 +(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 669.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 681.6 Q F0 +.055(If set to)144 693.6 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ +empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 705.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(43) +-.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(43) 199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5487,69 +5489,69 @@ SF(blink\255matching\255par)108 84 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .21(If set to) (parenthesis is inserted.)144 108 Q F1(color)108 120 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) 144 132 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\ -dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.935 -(completions using a dif)144 144 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) --.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 156 Q F0 -(en)3.077 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 +dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.936 +(completions using a dif)144 144 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) +-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 156 Q F0 +(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 (there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F1($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F0 .577 -(for the cus-)3.077 F .134(tom suf)144 168 R .135(\214x "readline-color\ +(for the cus-)3.077 F .135(tom suf)144 168 R .135(\214x "readline-color\ ed-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\ \214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 180 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108 192 -Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 -4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F -1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 -216 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the) --.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 228 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884 -(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 240 R F1 -(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 252 Q F1 +Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)4.079 E +F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) +-4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 +(type. The)144 216 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 +E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E +(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 228 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E +F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 240 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 252 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) 108 264 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ -e matches when performing completion.)144 276 R .193(The v)144 288 R +e matches when performing completion.)144 276 R .194(The v)144 288 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ -screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F +screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F (cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 300 Q(The def)5 E (ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 312 Q (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C (eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 348 R +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E (e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 -(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .093 +(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 (nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 360 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 (completion\255pr)108 372 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ -ble completions that is displayed)144 384 R 1.275 -(without modi\214cation.)144 396 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 +ble completions that is displayed)144 384 R 1.274 +(without modi\214cation.)144 396 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 (es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 408 S(lue are replaced with an \ ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 420 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 432 R .53 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 444 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 -F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) --.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 456 R +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 420 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 432 R .529 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) +144 444 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 456 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 468 S .368 +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 468 S .367 (riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F -2.867(wt)-.25 G .367(hem; otherwise the)-2.867 F 2.867(ya)-.15 G .367 -(re simply)-2.867 F .672(listed on the terminal.)144 480 R 3.172(Az) -5.672 G .673(ero v)-3.172 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.173(ra).15 G .673(sk; ne)-3.173 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 -E .973 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .673(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 492 Q -F1(con)108 504 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to) -144 516 R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F +2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368 +(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 480 R 3.173(Az) +5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 +E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 492 Q +F1(con)108 504 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to) +144 516 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k) -.15 F .912 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 +.15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F +144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F (e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 540 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 @@ -5558,29 +5560,29 @@ F1(con)108 504 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to) (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) 144 576 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 -(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 -(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 +(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F (corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 612 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .142 +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .141 (Controls whether readline be)144 636 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 -(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 (can be set to either)144 648 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .517(If the)144 672 -R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G -.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .518(If the)144 672 +R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G +.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .622 (last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 684 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621(alue is e)-.25 F -.621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.339(yb)-.05 G -.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F -.84(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F +.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G +.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F +.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(44)199.835 E 0 Cg +144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(44)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5589,38 +5591,38 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable\255acti)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0 -(The)144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.245 E F0 .746 -(is the current cursor position, and)3.245 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746 +(The)144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.246 E F0 .746 +(is the current cursor position, and)3.246 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746 (refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 G .746 -(ursor position.)-3.246 F .746(The te)5.746 F .746(xt be-)-.15 F .344 +(ursor position.)-3.246 F .745(The te)5.746 F .745(xt be-)-.15 F .344 (tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 108 R F2 -.37(re) 2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.844 E F0 2.844(,r)C .344(eadline al-) --2.844 F(lo)144 120 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.845 E F0 2.845(,r)C .345(eadline al-) +-2.845 F(lo)144 120 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 F .098(gion as)-.15 F F2(active)2.598 E F0 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re) -5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098 -(eadline high-)-2.598 F .971(lights the te)144 132 R .971(xt in the re) --.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F1(acti)3.47 -E -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 3.47(,w)C .97 -(hich def)-3.47 F .97(aults to)-.1 F .484 +(eadline high-)-2.598 F .97(lights the te)144 132 R .97(xt in the re) +-.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F1(acti) +3.471 E -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 3.471 +(,w)C .971(hich def)-3.471 F .971(aults to)-.1 F .485 (the string that enables the terminal')144 144 R 2.985(ss)-.55 G .485 (tandout mode.)-2.985 F .485(The acti)5.485 F .785 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15 -(eg).15 G .485(ion sho).15 F .485(ws the te)-.25 F .485(xt inserted by) +(eg).15 G .484(ion sho).15 F .484(ws the te)-.25 F .484(xt inserted by) -.15 F(brack)144 156 Q(eted-paste and an)-.1 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(atching te) -2.5 E(xt found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.) --.15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 168 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 .841 -(When set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.341 E F0 3.341(,r)C .841(eadline con\214\ -gures the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.341 F(uf) --.2 E .84(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of \ -treating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 192 R -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.159(board. This)144 204 R(pre)3.159 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.659(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .659(cuting an).15 F 3.158 -(ye)-.15 G .658(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .958 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -.658(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 216 Q(xt.)-.15 E F1 -(enable\255k)108 228 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892(When set to)144 240 R +-.15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 168 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 .84 +(When set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.34 E F0 3.34(,r)C .841(eadline con\214gu\ +res the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.34 F(uf)-.2 +E .841(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of tre\ +ating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 192 R -.15 +(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.158(board. This)144 204 R(pre)3.158 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +.658(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .658(cuting an).15 F 3.158 +(ye)-.15 G .659(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .959 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +.659(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 216 Q(xt.)-.15 E F1 +(enable\255k)108 228 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893(When set to)144 240 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F (tems need this to enable the arro)144 252 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 264 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (When set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 @@ -5632,80 +5634,81 @@ G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 264 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 300 Q F0(If set to)144 312 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) -.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 324 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.052 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.052 E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 348 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\)) -108 360 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 372 R +108 360 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 372 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.) --3.448 F .948(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 -E .482(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 384 R 2.982(we)-.25 G -.483(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483 -(set to a v)2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 396 R .277(By def)5.278 F -.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 408 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F -3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 -(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E +-3.448 F .949(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 +E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 384 R 2.983(we)-.25 G +.483(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482 +(set to a v)2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 396 R .277(By def)5.277 F +.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 408 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 +F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 +(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E (the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 420 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 432 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 444 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 +(horizontal\255scr)108 432 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 +(When set to)144 444 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ ne)144 456 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 468 R (setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 -(input\255meta \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 492 R F1(On) -3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ -is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.562 F .335 +(input\255meta \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 492 R F1(On) +3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ +is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336 (characters it reads\), re)144 504 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 -(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name) -5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 516 S(ynon) --2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E +(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name) +5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 516 S(ynon) +-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364 -(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 -(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 528 Q F1 +(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 +(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 528 Q F1 (isear)108 540 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ ental search without subsequently e)144 552 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.935(ing the character as a command.)144 564 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 576 Q F2 +.934(ing the character as a command.)144 564 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 576 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 588 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 600 -R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .042 +108 588 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +600 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .041 (emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 612 R F0 2.542(,a)C (nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 (is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.541 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.541 E F0 .448(is equi)144 624 R -.25(va)-.25 G -.448(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.948 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.448(.T)C -.448(he def)-5.448 F .448(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) -3.139 E F0 2.949(;t).27 G .449(he v)-2.949 F .449(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)2.949 E F0 .449(also af-)2.949 F(fects the def)144 636 +2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0 .449(is equi)144 624 R -.25(va)-.25 G +.449(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.949 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.449(.T)C +.449(he def)-5.449 F .449(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) +3.139 E F0 2.948(;t).27 G .448(he v)-2.948 F .448(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 636 Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 648 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 660 R +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 660 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 672 R .824 +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 672 R .825 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E -3.025(,o)-.4 G 3.025(rc)-3.025 G .525(an tak)-3.025 F 3.025(ea)-.1 G -.525(dditional in-)-3.025 F .807(put to complete a longer k)144 684 R +3.024(,o)-.4 G 3.024(rc)-3.024 G .524(an tak)-3.024 F 3.024(ea)-.1 G +.524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 684 R 1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei) -3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .806(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F -F2 -.37(re)3.306 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.306 E .906(use the shorter b) +3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .807(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F +F2 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E .907(use the shorter b) 144 696 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 (equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 -(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907(alue of)-.25 F +(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 708 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 (will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05 (If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 (less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 720 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.552 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(45)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.551 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(45)199.835 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5725,128 +5728,128 @@ BP (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 168 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 180 Q F0 .192(This v)144 192 R -.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 180 Q F0 .193(This v)144 192 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 204 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F (user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 216 Q F1 (menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 228 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +1.586(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 252 Q +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 252 Q (ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 264 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +.506(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 288 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 288 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E (f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On) -3.384 E F0 .885(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 -300 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 312 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 324 +3.384 E F0 .884(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 +300 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 312 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2 (mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F (tions at a time.)144 336 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .227 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .228 (If set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or) -2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 372 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E (wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 384 T -(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .699(If set to)144 396 R -F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 +(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .698(If set to)144 396 R +F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 408 S +-3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 408 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 420 S(adline) .18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 432 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .304(This alters the def)144 444 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +F0 .303(This alters the def)144 444 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 456 R(bell.)144 468 Q F1 -(sho)108 480 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 492 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 504 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C -4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(sho)108 480 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 492 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 504 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 516 R 3.54 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 516 R 3.539 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 528 Q F1 -(sho)108 540 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 -(If set to)144 552 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 -(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 528 Q F1 +(sho)108 540 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 +(If set to)144 552 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 +(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F (command, or vi insertion.)144 564 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E (-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 576 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 588 R -F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 576 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 588 R +F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 (vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 600 Q -2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 -F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 +F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 612 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 624 Q +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 624 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 636 Q F0 .517(If the)144 -648 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G -.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 636 Q F0 .518(If the)144 +648 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G +.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) -144 660 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 -(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 672 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F +144 660 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476 +(The v)5.476 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 672 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.83(eak)-.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .33 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 684 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F -.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 684 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F +.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -696 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(46)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +696 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(46)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 84 Q F0 .517(If the)144 -96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 +SF(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 84 Q F0 .518(If the)144 +96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -108 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) -5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 120 S .923(panded lik).15 F -3.423(eak)-.1 G 1.223 -.15(ey b)-3.523 H .924 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .924 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 132 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F -.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ +108 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) +5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 120 S .924(panded lik).15 F +3.424(eak)-.1 G 1.224 -.15(ey b)-3.524 H .924 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .923 +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 132 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F +.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -144 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 168 R +144 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B (when listing possible completions.)144 180 Q F1 (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 196.8 Q F0 .05 (Readline implements a f)108 208.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 220.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 220.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 249.6 Q F0(The)144 249.6 Q F1($if)2.963 -E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 249.6 Q F0(The)144 249.6 Q F1($if)2.962 +E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F (or the application using readline.)144 261.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E (,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 273.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 290.4 Q F0(The)180 290.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) -3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 +144 290.4 Q F0(The)180 290.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the) +3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065(mode. This)180 302.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 @@ -5854,63 +5857,63 @@ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F (out in emacs mode.)180 326.4 Q F1(term)144 343.2 Q F0(The)180 343.2 Q -F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 355.2 R +F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 355.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 367.2 Q F1(=)3.232 -E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 367.2 Q F1(=)3.231 +E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 379.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 396 S(rsion).1 E F0 -(The)180 408 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 -(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 +(The)180 408 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608 (ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 420 Q F1 -.1 -(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272 -(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271 -(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 432 Q F1(=)3.063 E -F0 3.063(,\()C(and)-3.063 E F1(==)3.063 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.063 E F0(,)A -F1(<=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.063 E F0 3.063(,a)C(nd) --3.063 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.564(.T)C .564(he v)-5.564 F .564 +(ve)2.771 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.771 G .271 +(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.772(ersion. The)-.15 F .272 +(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 432 Q F1(=)3.064 E +F0 3.064(,\()C(and)-3.064 E F1(==)3.064 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.064 E F0(,)A +F1(<=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.064 E F0 3.064(,a)C(nd) +-3.064 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.563(.T)C .563(he v)-5.563 F .563 (ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 (of the operator consists of a major v)180 444 R .318(ersion number)-.15 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 -(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 456 R -.1(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.6 E F0 .1(\). If the minor v)B .101 -(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.601 E F0 5.101(.T) -C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 468 R F1 +(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .101(tional minor v)180 456 +R .101(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.601 E F0 .101(\). If the minor v)B +.1(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.6 E F0 5.1(.T)C +(he)-5.1 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 468 R F1 -.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 (ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 480 Q F1 (application)144 496.8 Q F0(The)180 508.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 520.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -532.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 544.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) +180 532.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F +.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F +.396(ci\214c program.)180 544.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 556.8 +(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 556.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 580.8 Q F0 (Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 592.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) -.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 604.8 Q F1($endif)180 -616.8 Q F2(variable)144 633.6 Q F0(The)180 645.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E -F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 -(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +616.8 Q F2(variable)144 633.6 Q F0(The)180 645.6 Q F2(variable)3.777 E +F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 657.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 -(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 +(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08 (ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ -or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 669.6 R .13 -(the v)180 681.6 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F -.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F +or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 669.6 R .129 +(the v)180 681.6 R .129(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 +F .13(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F (tested. Boolean v)180 693.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E (ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 710.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) 144 710.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 -(command.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(47)199.835 E +(command.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(47)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5920,68 +5923,68 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($else)108 84 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 84 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 100.8 Q F0 .356 -(This directi)144 112.8 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 100.8 Q F0 .357 +(This directi)144 112.8 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) 144 124.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 148.8 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 -E F1(Sear)87 165.6 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 177.6 R .835 +E F1(Sear)87 165.6 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 177.6 R .834 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 189.6 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E +.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 189.6 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 206.4 R .697 +E .698(Incremental searches be)108 206.4 R .698 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 +.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 218.4 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 +E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 (incremental search requires only as man)108 230.4 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 +5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 (acters present in the v)108 242.4 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 (If that v)108 254.4 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 266.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 -(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 278.4 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) +F .096(mental search.)108 266.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 +(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 278.4 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) 108 295.2 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 307.2 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 319.2 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 +(search backw)108 307.2 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 319.2 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 331.2 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 343.2 -Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 360 R -.653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) --3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 372 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E +.54(instance, a)108 331.2 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 +343.2 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 +360 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 +(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E +(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 372 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 388.8 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 400.8 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 417.6 Q F0 1.391 +rent line.)108 400.8 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 417.6 Q F0 1.392 (The follo)108 429.6 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 441.6 R .122 -(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 453.6 Q F2(point)3.41 E -F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 465.6 Q F0 2.5 +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 441.6 R .121 +(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 +(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 453.6 Q F2(point)3.411 +E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark) +3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 +(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 465.6 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 482.4 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 @@ -5993,9 +5996,9 @@ E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 494.4 Q F0(Mo)144 506.4 Q .3 -.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 (backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 566.4 Q F0(Mo)144 578.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b) -.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 590.4 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 602.4 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) --.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 602.4 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) +-.1 F .523(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F (ters and digits\).)144 614.4 Q F1(backward\255w)108 626.4 Q (ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 638.4 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 @@ -6005,10 +6008,10 @@ Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 674.4 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 (ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) -.8 F(ters.)144 686.4 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 698.4 Q(ord)-.1 E -F0(Mo)144 710.4 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 +F0(Mo)144 710.4 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 -(ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F -(metacharacters.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E +(ord. W)-.1 F .608(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F +(metacharacters.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E (48)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6017,26 +6020,26 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr)108 84 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 -.891(Attempt to mo)144 96 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891 +.89(Attempt to mo)144 96 R 1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89 (oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F -.89(vious ph)-.25 F .89(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha) -144 108 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 -(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G +.891(vious ph)-.25 F .891(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87 +(This will not ha)144 108 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F +.87(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G 3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 120 Q(ysical line or if\ point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\ -th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 132 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 -(Attempt to mo)144 144 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638(oint to the same ph) -.15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637 -(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)144 156 R .309 -.15 +th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 132 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637 +(Attempt to mo)144 144 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637(oint to the same ph) +.15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .638(xt ph)-.15 F .638 +(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .009(will not ha)144 156 R .309 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G -2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ +2.509(pm)-2.509 G .008(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ length of the prompt plus)144 168 R(the screen width.)144 180 Q F1 -(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 192 Q F0 1.498 +(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 192 Q F0 1.499 (Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 204 R 3.999(ss) --.55 G 1.499(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.999(,t)-.4 G -1.499(hen redra)-3.999 F 3.999(wt)-.15 G 1.499(he current line,)-3.999 F +-.55 G 1.498(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.998(,t)-.4 G +1.498(hen redra)-3.998 F 3.998(wt)-.15 G 1.498(he current line,)-3.998 F (lea)144 216 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F1 (clear\255scr)108 228 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36 (Clear the screen, then redra)144 240 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 @@ -6047,10 +6050,10 @@ length of the prompt plus)144 168 R(the screen width.)144 180 Q F1 -.18(re)108 264 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 (Refresh the current line.)144 276 Q F1(Commands f)87 292.8 Q (or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -304.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 316.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.158(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 -(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159 -(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699(according to the state of the) +304.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 316.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.159(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 +(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158 +(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699(according to the state of the) 144 328.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) 2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 (the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F @@ -6065,144 +6068,144 @@ E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 424.8 Q F0(Mo)144 436.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 448.8 Q F0 .947 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 448.8 Q F0 .948 (Accept the current line for e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73 -(history for editing.)144 472.8 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F -.729 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 +(history for editing.)144 472.8 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 +F .729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) -.18 F(the current line.)144 484.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 496.8 Q F0 --.4(Wi)144 508.8 S .256(th a numeric ar).4 F .256 -(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.757(ei) --.1 G 2.757(tt)-2.757 G .257(he current line.)-2.757 F -.4(Wi)5.257 G +-.4(Wi)144 508.8 S .257(th a numeric ar).4 F .257 +(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.756(ei) +-.1 G 2.756(tt)-2.756 G .256(he current line.)-2.756 F -.4(Wi)5.256 G (th-).4 E(out an ar)144 520.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H (ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v) -108 532.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 +108 532.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 (Search backw)144 544.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +-.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 556.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 568.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 580.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 580.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) -.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 592.8 Q F1 (non\255incr)108 604.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) 144 616.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 628.8 S (tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 640.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 652.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 652.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 664.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 676.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 688.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 688.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F (and the point.)144 700.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(49)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(49)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) +SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) 144 96 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters betw\ een the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 108 Q (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) -108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard\ - through the history for the string of characters between the start of \ -the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 -144 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 -(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 +108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard \ +through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ +he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 144 +R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 +(search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 (line. This)144 156 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 (history\255substring\255sear)108 168 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.249(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 -(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F -.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) -5.319 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +.248(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 +(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F +.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) +5.318 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G <4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 228 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144 240 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 264 R .281(vious command.) --.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 264 R .282(vious command.) +-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 276 Q (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 288 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 -F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 -E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 +F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 +E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E .416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 336 R(An)5.416 E 2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416 -(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 348 R 1.518 -.15 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415 +(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 348 R 1.518 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 (through the history \(back or forw)144 360 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 372 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .623 +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .622 (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 396 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 408 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .938 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .939 (Perform history e)144 432 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 456 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 468 R .438 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E F3 -(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) --2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 504 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1 +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 456 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 468 R .437 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.438 E F3 +(HIST)2.938 E(OR)-.162 E 2.688(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.688 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) +-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 504 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1 (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0 (Perform history and alias e)144 540 Q(xpansion on the current line.) -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 552 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 564 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 576 Q F0(In)144 -588 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146 -(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E +588 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146 +(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E (tempts to in)144 600 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and) 2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G (hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 616.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E (ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 628.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 -E F0 .798(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 640.8 +E F0 .799(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 640.8 R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C -3.299(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 +3.298(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 (there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 652.8 R -.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F (as the end of input and returns)144 664.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 676.8 Q F0 .441 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 676.8 Q F0 .442 (Delete the character at point.)144 688.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 700.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 +(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 700.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 +(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(50)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6210,73 +6213,73 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 84 Q F0 .553 +SF(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 84 Q F0 .552 (Delete the character behind the cursor)144 96 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 (hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F -.552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552(he deleted te).15 F -.552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 108 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 120 S -(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 132 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +.553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F +.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 108 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 120 S +(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 132 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 144 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 156 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 156 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 168 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) -.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C -(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 180 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) +(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279(,f)C +(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 180 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) 108 192 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 204 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 216 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 228 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 240 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 252 R .321 +108 240 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 252 R .321 (ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 +(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 (ard as well.)-.1 F .372 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 264 -R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 +R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .373(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.373 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .673 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 276 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 288 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -300 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) --2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(transpose\255w)108 288 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 +300 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) +-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 312 Q 2.5 (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 324 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 336 +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 336 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 348 S(rd, b).1 E (ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 360 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 372 Q 1.647 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 372 Q 1.648 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 396 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 408 +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 408 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 432 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 444 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 456 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 --.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 468 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) -4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 480 R -.15(ove)3.969 G -1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 492 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 -(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 504 Q -(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -520.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 532.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 544.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 444 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 456 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 +(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) +-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 468 Q F1 +(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G +1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G +(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 +480 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 +(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 +(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 492 R .958 +(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 +(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 +F(before point with a space.)144 504 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 520.8 Q +(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 532.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 +544.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 556.8 Q F0(Kill backw) 144 568.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 580.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 592.8 @@ -6284,20 +6287,20 @@ Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 604.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -616.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 640.8 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +616.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 640.8 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 652.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 664.8 Q (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 676.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 688.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 700.8 -R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 712.8 S +(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 700.8 +R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 712.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2) +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) 150.675 E(51)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6309,14 +6312,14 @@ SF(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025 (Kill the w)144 96 R 3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 120 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 132 R .364 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -144 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 156 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 132 R .365 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 +144 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 156 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 168 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 180 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 180 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) -2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 192 Q F0 (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 204 Q F1(kill\255r)108 216 @@ -6324,15 +6327,15 @@ Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 228 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E (gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 240 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) 144 252 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 264 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 276 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G -2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) --.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 288 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 300 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 -F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) --.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 --.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 324 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 264 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 276 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 +G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 +E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 288 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 300 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 +(Cop)144 312 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F +2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 +G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 +(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 324 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (yank \(C\255y\))108 336 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 348 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 360 Q F0 @@ -6343,36 +6346,36 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 388.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 (Add this digit to the ar)144 412.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G (ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 436.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 448.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 +E F0 .778(This is another w)144 448.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 460.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 472.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 484.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 484.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 (neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 496.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 508.8 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 508.8 R .823 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F (gument)-.18 E(count four)144 520.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) 87 537.6 Q(complete \(T)108 549.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 561.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 573.6 Q .532(xt as a v) --.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F -.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 585.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 573.6 Q .533(xt as a v) +-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F +.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 585.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 597.6 Q F1 (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 609.6 Q F0 @@ -6380,23 +6383,23 @@ E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 633.6 Q F0 .783 (Insert all completions of the te)144 645.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -657.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 669.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -681.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 +657.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 669.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 +681.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 693.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +1.194(possible completions.)144 693.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 705.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 (\(subject to the setting of)144 717.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 (positions forw)144 729.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(52)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(52)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6414,7 +6417,7 @@ F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 (delete\255char\255or\255list)108 132 Q F0 .234 (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 144 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 @@ -6440,10 +6443,10 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 204 Q F0 (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 348 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 360 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 372 Q F0 .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 372 Q F0 .58 (Attempt completion on the te)144 384 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 396 R +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 +(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 396 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F (\214nally e)144 408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G @@ -6451,14 +6454,14 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 204 Q F0 (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 420 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 432 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 444 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 444 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 (Attempt completion on the te)144 456 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F (for possible completion matches.)144 468 Q F1(dab)108 480 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 492 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1 (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 516 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ @@ -6474,33 +6477,33 @@ E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 568.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 616.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 628.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 640.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 664.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +E F0(Re-e)144 628.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ +ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 640.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 +(Print the last k)144 664.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 (Miscellaneous)87 681.6 Q -.18(re)108 693.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 705.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 -(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(53)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 +(Read in the contents of the)144 705.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 +(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(53)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(abort \(C\255g\))108 84 Q F0 3.248 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 96 R 5.749 -(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +SF(abort \(C\255g\))108 84 Q F0 3.249 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 96 R 5.748 +(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 (bell\255style)144 108 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 120 Q(wer)-.1 E (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739 -(If the meta\214ed character)144 132 R F2(x)4.239 E F0 1.739 -(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738 +(If the meta\214ed character)144 132 R F2(x)4.238 E F0 1.739 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) -5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E (wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 156 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 @@ -6508,10 +6511,10 @@ F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) (ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 (Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 180 Q F0 (Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 192 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 216 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F -2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0 -.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 216 R .231(This is lik)5.231 F +2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .23(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.73 E F0 +.23(command enough times to re-)2.73 F (turn the line to its initial state.)144 228 Q F1 (tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 240 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 252 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 @@ -6519,67 +6522,68 @@ F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) (Set the mark to the point.)144 276 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 288 Q F0(Sw)144 -300 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +300 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) 144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 324 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 336 S -.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +(character\255sear)108 324 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 336 S +.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) 144 348 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 360 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 372 S 1.044 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 372 S 1.043 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 384 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 396 Q F0 1.826 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 396 Q F0 1.827 (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 408 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 420 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 420 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 432 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 432 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ y characters into the editing b)144 444 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) -.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 456 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -468 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 480 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) --.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 --.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 492 Q .245 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 +468 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 480 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 +(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 492 Q .244 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 (the characters at the be)144 504 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 516 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) +-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 516 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 528 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 540 Q F0 .84 -(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F +1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 540 Q F0 .839 +(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 552 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 564 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E -(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .42 -(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 576 R .421 +(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .421 +(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 576 R .42 (ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1 -(wa)144 588 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F1(cdspell) -4.718 E F0 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.717 E +(wa)144 588 S 4.717(ya).1 G 4.717(st)-4.717 G(he)-4.717 E F1(cdspell) +4.717 E F0 2.217(shell option.)4.717 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.718 E (or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 600 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 +(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 624 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F -.792(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 +.791(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 636 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\ ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 660 R .176 +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 660 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 @@ -6592,231 +6596,231 @@ ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q .872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(54)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(54)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) -5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .626 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) +5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R .762 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 156 R .109 -(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 168 Q -(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 204 Q +.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R .762 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F .762(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 156 R .108 +(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .109 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 168 Q +(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 +(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G +3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 204 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 (\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .497 -(If the command w)5.497 F .498 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .498 +(If the command w)5.498 F .497 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) -5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F -.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) +5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .822 +(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F +.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 -G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0 .056 -(option to)108 381.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 +G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0 .057 +(option to)108 381.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F -.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 393.6 R .332(ord as a \ +.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 393.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 -F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108 +F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108 405.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ d to generate the list of matching w)108 422.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 434.4 Q (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 451.2 R -.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 463.2 R .595 -(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 +.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 463.2 R .596 +(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F (shell v)108 475.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 (is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 492 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 (option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 504 S -.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 -(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 +(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 516 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 (FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 532.8 Q -.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 -F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -544.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F +F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) +108 544.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 556.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 +.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 +(using brace e)108 556.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 568.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -580.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +580.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 592.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .233 -(After these matches ha)108 609.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233 -(een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F12.734 E -F0(and)2.734 E F12.734 E F0(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108 -621.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208 -(the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.708 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.458 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 633.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 -(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -645.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .234 +(After these matches ha)108 609.6 R .534 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .234 +(een generated, an).15 F 2.734(ys)-.15 G .233 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.734 F F12.733 E +F0(and)2.733 E F12.733 E F0(op-)2.733 E 4.208(tions is in)108 +621.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.708(d. When).1 F 4.209 +(the command or function is in)6.708 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.209 +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.709 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.459 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 633.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 +(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 +645.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 657.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C -2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 669.6 R .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) --2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 681.6 -R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 693.6 R -.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 +(the function or command is in)108 657.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C +2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) +-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 669.6 R .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) +-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 681.6 +R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 693.6 R +.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 705.6 Q(An)108 722.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +108 705.6 Q(An)108 722.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 (function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(55)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 +Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(55)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456 (iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456 -(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)108 96 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E -(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 112.8 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F -2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 -.081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581 -(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F --.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 -124.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the s\ -tandard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F -(to escape a ne)108 136.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 112.8 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 +F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F1 +2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di) +.1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi) +.4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It) +108 124.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to t\ +he standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F +(to escape a ne)108 136.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 153.6 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 165.6 R -.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 177.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G -(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 +E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 165.6 R +.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 +(the w)108 177.6 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G +(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 189.6 R -(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 201.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 189.6 +R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 +(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 201.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 213.6 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 213.6 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -230.4 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 +230.4 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 242.4 Q .246 +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 242.4 Q .247 (If the pre)108 259.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 271.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 288 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 +(If the)108 288 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 300 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 316.8 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 328.8 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 340.8 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 352.8 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 +(By def)108 316.8 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F +.631(of possible completions.)108 328.8 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 340.8 R +.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 352.8 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 364.8 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 364.8 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 376.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 393.6 R .632(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 393.6 R .633(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 405.6 R 2.762(to the v)108 417.6 R 2.762 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 429.6 + to directories, subject)108 405.6 R 2.761(to the v)108 417.6 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 429.6 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -446.4 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +446.4 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 (tion with a def)108 458.4 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ uld be retried by returning an e)108 470.4 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 482.4 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 494.4 R .666 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 482.4 R .666 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 494.4 R .665 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 506.4 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F -.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 518.4 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F +.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 518.4 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 535.2 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F +E -.15(Fo)108 535.2 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F (the command, the follo)108 547.2 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 @@ -6824,29 +6828,29 @@ E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 564 Q({)108 576 Q 6(.") 144 588 S(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 600 Q (complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 612 Q -/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 640.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372 -(When the)108 652.8 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 -(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F5 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 664.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 -(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va) -2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .43(mands to sa) -108 676.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F -.43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429 -(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929 -(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 +/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 640.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371 +(When the)108 652.8 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 +(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F5 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 +(the list of commands pre)108 664.8 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 +(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va) +2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .429 +(mands to sa)108 676.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 +(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F2 +(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 688.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2(EXP)2.787 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 700.8 -S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F2(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 712.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(and)3.816 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 712.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 729.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 -E F5(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2) +108 729.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +E F5(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) 150.675 E(56)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6857,140 +6861,139 @@ BP (The \214le named by the v)108 84 R .315(alue of)-.25 F/F1 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315(is truncated, if necessary) 2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315 -(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 96 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 96 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F1 (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)5.158 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 .659 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 .658 (is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 108 S .142 (lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 120 Q 1.604 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 120 Q 1.605 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 -(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 -(stamps for the follo)108 132 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15 +(stamps for the follo)108 132 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 144 Q F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 +.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 144 Q F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 (hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F1 -($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 -(copied from the history list to)108 156 R F1($HISTFILE)2.659 E F2(.)A -F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F3(shopt)108 -168 Q F0(under)2.581 E F1 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 +($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158 +(copied from the history list to)108 156 R F1($HISTFILE)2.658 E F2(.)A +F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F3(shopt)108 +168 Q F0(under)2.582 E F1 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.197(history \214le is o)108 180 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If).15 -F F1(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is unw\ -ritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 192 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G +.196(history \214le is o)108 180 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If).15 +F F1(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is unw\ +ritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 +(If the)108 192 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark) -.25 F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 204 R -3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 -(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 +.25 F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 204 R +3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 +(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 (character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 216 R -1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G -1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 +1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G +1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 (truncated to contain no more than)108 228 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 (is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 240 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 256.8 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) -2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 268.8 R -(The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 +(The b)108 256.8 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) +2.799 E F1 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 268.8 R +(The)5.471 E F3(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 (manipulate the history \214le.)108 280.8 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 292.8 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 309.6 -R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 292.8 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 309.6 +R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 321.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G -.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.986 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 321.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G +.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F3 (cmdhist)108 333.6 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 (the same history entry)108 345.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 357.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 369.6 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.576 E F0 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 357.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 +(description of the)108 369.6 R F3(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 381.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 398.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) --.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 -(The shell supports a history e)108 410.4 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F -.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 422.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 -(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -.95(can be disabled using the)108 434.4 R F3(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 +-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e) +108 410.4 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 +F .611(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section) +-5.611 F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 422.4 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F +.87(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F +.949(can be disabled using the)108 434.4 R F3(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 (option to the)3.449 F F3(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 446.4 Q 2.5 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .95 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.2 E(lo)108 446.4 Q 2.5 (w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H (hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -1.305(History e)108 463.2 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ +1.306(History e)108 463.2 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ -t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 475.2 R .21(guments to a pre) --.18 F .209 +t)-.1 F .209(commands, insert the ar)108 475.2 R .209(guments to a pre) +-.18 F .21 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 487.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 487.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 504 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \ -read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 516 S .252 +read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 516 S .251 (rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 -(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 528 Q .145 -(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ +(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 528 Q .146 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 540 R .766 -(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 552 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +r inclusion into the current one.)108 540 R .767 +(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 552 R/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F5(wor) -2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) --.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 564 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F .538 -(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f)-.1 F -.538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 576 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572 +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 564 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F .538 +(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f)-.1 F +.539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 576 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572 (-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w)-.1 -F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 588 R .355 +F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 588 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!) -3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 600 -R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!) +3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791(Only backslash \()108 +600 R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 612 R (string.)108 624 Q(Se)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 652.8 T -3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.162 E +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.163 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 664.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.609 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .232(If the)108 693.6 R F3 -(histv)2.732 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 +(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.61 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 693.6 R F3 +(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F3(shopt) 2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F3 --.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .231(is be-)2.731 F .449(ing used, hist\ +-.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used, hist\ ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 -705.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .449(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .449 +705.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448 (xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 717.6 R F3 -.18(re) 4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228 (fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F3 -.18(re)4.728 G @@ -6998,38 +7001,38 @@ ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F3 -.18(re) 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(57)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(57)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.2(bu)108 84 S --.25(ff).2 G .304(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.304 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF2.804 E F0 .304(option to the)2.804 F F1(history) -2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .303 +-.25(ff).2 G .303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF2.803 E F0 .303(option to the)2.803 F F1(history) +2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 (iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52 (pansion will do before using it.)108 96 R(The)5.52 E F13.02 E F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F1(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F (end of the history list without actually e)108 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.109(The shell allo)108 124.8 R +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 124.8 R 1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108 (arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .162(scription of)108 136.8 R -F1(histchars)2.662 E F0(abo)2.662 E .462 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.163(Shell V)2.662 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .163 +(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 136.8 R +F1(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +.163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .162 (shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F (history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 148.8 Q F1(Ev) -87 165.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +87 165.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\ -y list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 +y list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot) .15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 206.4 Q -F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 206.4 R 1.607 +F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 206.4 R 1.608 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F (\(when the)144 218.4 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 230.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 @@ -7042,51 +7045,51 @@ ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 266.4 R F2(string)144.34 278.4 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 290.4 Q F2(string)A F1 ([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current \ position in the history list containing)144 302.4 R F2(string)144.34 -314.4 Q F0 5.497(.T).22 G .497(he trailing)-5.497 F F1(?)2.997 E F0 .497 -(may be omitted if)2.997 F F2(string)3.337 E F0 .496(is follo)3.216 F -.496(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.996(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) -2.996 E F0(is)2.996 E .39(missing, the string from the most recent sear\ -ch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 326.4 R .391 +314.4 Q F0 5.496(.T).22 G .496(he trailing)-5.496 F F1(?)2.996 E F0 .496 +(may be omitted if)2.996 F F2(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F +.497(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) +2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(missing, the string from the most recent sea\ +rch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 326.4 R .39 (vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 338.4 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 -355.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .753 -(Quick substitution.)144 362.4 R .753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753 +355.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .752 +(Quick substitution.)144 362.4 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753 (vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F2 -(string2)3.592 E F0 5.752(.E).02 G(qui)-5.752 E -.25(va)-.25 G .752 +(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 E -.25(va)-.25 G .753 (lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 374.4 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \() -5 L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 386.4 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 386.4 Q(ar)-.1 E(.) -.55 E F1 -.75(Wo)87 403.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 415.2 S -1.313(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314 +1.314(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314 (ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 -1.314(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation) -.15 F .53(from the w)108 427.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 -G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 +1.313(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation) +.15 F .529(from the w)108 427.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I) +-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E .515 +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E .516 (are numbered from the be)108 439.2 R .516 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-) +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-) .8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 451.2 Q F1 2.5(0\()108 468 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 480 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2(n)108.36 492 Q F0(The)144 492 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^) 108 504 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 504 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 -E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 516 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 516 R 2.564 -(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064(gument, b)-.18 -F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .063 +E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 516 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 516 R 2.563 +(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 +F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064 (ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 528 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%) -108 540 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 540 R 1.419 -(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.42 -(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.42(gins with a)-.15 F +108 540 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 540 R 1.42 +(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.419 +(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419(gins with a)-.15 F (character that is part of a w)144 552 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 564 Q F1 A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 564 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2 (y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*) -108 576 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 576 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316 +108 576 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 576 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315 (ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*) -2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 588 Q(ord in the e) +2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 588 Q(ord in the e) -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 600 Q F0(Abbre)144 600 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.) A F1<78ad>108 612 Q F0(Abbre)144 612 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 @@ -7095,9 +7098,9 @@ A F1<78ad>108 612 Q F0(Abbre)144 612 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 E(If a w)108 628.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 645.6 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 657.6 R .183 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 +(Modi\214ers)87 645.6 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 657.6 R .184 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 (wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 669.6 Q (These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E (ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G @@ -7107,8 +7110,8 @@ E(If a w)108 628.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) 108 710.4 Q F0(Remo)144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(58) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ving the basename.)-.2 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E +(58)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7119,145 +7122,145 @@ SF(e)108 84 Q F0(Remo)144 84 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E (ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 96 Q F0(Print the ne) 144 96 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 108 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)144 108 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 120 Q F0 .386 -(Quote the substituted w)144 120 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886 E -F0 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F1 -(blanks)2.885 E F0 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) -2.885 E F0(and)2.885 E F1(x)2.885 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 120 Q F0 .385 +(Quote the substituted w)144 120 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 E +F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1 +(blanks)2.886 E F0 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) +2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F1(x)2.886 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 132 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G (he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 144 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute) -144 156 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of) -3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469 +144 156 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of) +3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469 (nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969(yc)-.15 G .469 -(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954(delimiter in place of /.)144 +(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953(delimiter in place of /.)144 168 R .953 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .953(nt line.).15 F .131 +5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131 (The delimiter may be quoted in)144 180 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 (If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631 -(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 192 R F2 +(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 192 R F2 (old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.) -2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last) -3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 204 R 2.986 -(,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486 +3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 204 R 2.987 +(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486 (vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326 -E F0 .487(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.987 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.987 -(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 216 Q(w)-.15 E F0 +E F0 .486(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.986 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.986 +(search. If)5.486 F F2(ne)144.36 216 Q(w)-.15 E F0 (is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&) 108 228 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 228 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) -108 240 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 240 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 252 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35(used with `) -2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.85 F +108 240 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 240 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 252 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351 +(used with `)2.851 F F1(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F (limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 264 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0(may be used as a synon) 2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 276 Q F0(Apply the follo) 144 276 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 292.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 304.8 +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 304.8 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ receded by)-.2 F F1108 316.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 .577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 328.8 R F1 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 328.8 R F1 2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) 2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 340.8 R .26 -(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F12.76 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.76 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) --5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 +2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 340.8 R .261 +(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) 108 352.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 (lid options and require).25 F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 382.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 394.8 R .451 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 394.8 R .452 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F -2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 406.8 R +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F +2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 406.8 R (return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 423.6 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 435.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 (Read and e)144 447.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 -(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33 +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.331 (status of the last command e)144 459.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331 (cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2 -(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F -.023(names in)144 471.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.523 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.273 F F2 +(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F +.022(names in)144 471.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.522 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.272 F F2 (\214lename)4.432 E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E -F0 .022(does not need to be)2.522 F -.15(exe)144 483.6 S 3.86 -(cutable. The).15 F 1.36(\214le searched for in)3.86 F F4 -.666(PA)3.86 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e)3.61 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.861 -(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.861 E F0 1.361(is not in)3.861 F F2 -(posix)3.861 E(mode)144 495.6 Q F0 2.649(,t)C .148 -(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.649 F F4 --.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .148(If the) -4.648 F F1(sour)2.648 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .148(option to the)2.648 F F1 -(shopt)144 507.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.659 G 1.159(iltin command is turned of).2 -F 1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159 -(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.16(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.66 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 1.16(are supplied,)3.66 F(the)144 519.6 Q 3.692(yb) --.15 G 1.192(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.692 F F2 -(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.691 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.191(the positional pa-)3.691 F .82 +F0 .023(does not need to be)2.523 F -.15(exe)144 483.6 S 3.861 +(cutable. The).15 F 1.361(\214le searched for in)3.861 F F4 -.666(PA) +3.861 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e)3.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.86 +(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.86 E F0 1.36(is not in)3.86 F F2(posix) +3.86 E(mode)144 495.6 Q F0 2.648(,t)C .148 +(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.648 F F4 +-.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .149(If the) +4.648 F F1(sour)2.649 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .149(option to the)2.649 F F1 +(shopt)144 507.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.66 G 1.16(iltin command is turned of).2 F +1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159 +(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.159(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.659 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 1.159(are supplied,)3.659 F(the)144 519.6 Q 3.691(yb) +-.15 G 1.191(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.691 F F2 +(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.692 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.192(the positional pa-)3.692 F .82 (rameters are unchanged.)144 531.6 R .82(If the)5.82 F F13.32 E F0 .82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32 (yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32 (fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 543.6 Q -(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .823(trap string is sa)3.323 F -.15 +(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .822(trap string is sa)3.322 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1 -(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .822(unsets the) -3.322 F F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.322 E .226(while it e)144 -555.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.726(cutes. If).15 F F12.727 E F0 .227 +(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .823(unsets the) +3.323 F F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.323 E .227(while it e)144 +555.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.727(cutes. If).15 F F12.727 E F0 .227 (is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F1(DEB)2.727 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.727(wv)-.25 G .227(alue is) --2.977 F .891(retained when)144 567.6 R F1(.)3.391 E F0 3.391 -(completes. The)3.391 F .891 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.391 F .89 +(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.726(wv)-.25 G .226(alue is) +-2.976 F .89(retained when)144 567.6 R F1(.)3.39 E F0 3.39 +(completes. The)3.39 F .891 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.39 F .891 (xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 579.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 596.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 608.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 608.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E F2(name)144 620.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 632.4 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 632.4 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 (tution when the alias is e)144 644.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 -F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 656.4 R 1.314 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 656.4 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 668.4 Q F1(bg)108 685.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 -697.2 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E -F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 709.2 Q F0 .671 -(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +697.2 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 709.2 Q F0 .672 +(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 (when job control is disabled or)144 721.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.918 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(59)199.835 E 0 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(59)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7279,30 +7282,30 @@ F2(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1 (function\255name)A F1(bind)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C (adline\255command).37 E F1(bind)108 172.8 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 184.8 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) -2.739 F .04(macro, or set a)144 196.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.54 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.54 G 2.54(riable. 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The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.429 G -(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.429 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .93 -(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.179 F F2(dir) -3.78 E F0 3.43(:e).73 G(ach)-3.43 E .407(directory name in)144 249.6 R -F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 F -F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H +(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 225.6 R F2(dir) +2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 +(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is) +-.25 F .93(the def)144 237.6 R 3.43(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.43 G +(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.43 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .929 +(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.18 F F2(dir) +3.779 E F0 3.429(:e).73 G(ach)-3.429 E .406(directory name in)144 249.6 +R F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 +F F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .407(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.406(are sepa-)2.656 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 261.6 R 3.299 +.407(are sepa-)2.657 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 261.6 R 3.299 (An)5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F3(CDP)3.299 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory)3.049 F -3.3(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.3 E -.74(``)144 273.6 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('')C -5.428(.I).74 G(f)-5.428 E F2(dir)3.278 E F0(be)3.658 E .428 +3.299(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.299 E -.74(``)144 273.6 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('') +C 5.427(.I).74 G(f)-5.427 E F2(dir)3.277 E F0(be)3.657 E .427 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F12.927 E F0 .427 -(option causes)2.927 F F1(cd)2.927 E F0 .427(to use the)2.927 F(ph)144 -285.6 Q .167 +.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F12.928 E F0 .428 +(option causes)2.928 F F1(cd)2.928 E F0 .428(to use the)2.928 F(ph)144 +285.6 Q .168 (ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.668 E F0 .168(and before processing) -2.668 F 1.225(instances of)144 297.6 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.667 E F0 .167(and before processing) +2.667 F 1.225(instances of)144 297.6 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2 (dir)3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F13.725 E F0 1.225 (option to the)3.725 F F1(set)3.725 E F0 -.2(bu)3.725 G 1.225 (iltin command\); the).2 F F13.725 E F0 1.225(option forces)3.725 -F .411(symbolic links to be follo)144 309.6 R .411 +F .412(symbolic links to be follo)144 309.6 R .411 (wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F2(..) 2.911 E F0(in)2.911 E F2(dir)2.911 E F0 5.411(.I)C(f)-5.411 E F2(..) -2.912 E F0(ap-)2.912 E .341(pears in)144 321.6 R F2(dir)2.841 E F0 2.841 -(,i)C 2.841(ti)-2.841 G 2.841(sp)-2.841 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F -.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .34(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F2(dir)2.84 E F0(,)A .175(back to a slash or the be)144 333.6 R -.175(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.675 E F0 5.175(.I)C 2.675(ft)-5.175 G -(he)-2.675 E F12.676 E F0 .176(option is supplied with)2.676 F F1 -2.676 E F0 2.676(,a)C .176(nd the current w)-2.676 F(ork-)-.1 E +2.911 E F0(ap-)2.911 E .34(pears in)144 321.6 R F2(dir)2.84 E F0 2.84 +(,i)C 2.84(ti)-2.84 G 2.841(sp)-2.84 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F +.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .341(vious pathname component from) +-.25 F F2(dir)2.841 E F0(,)A .176(back to a slash or the be)144 333.6 R +.176(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G +(he)-2.676 E F12.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied with)2.675 F F1 +2.675 E F0 2.675(,a)C .175(nd the current w)-2.675 F(ork-)-.1 E .341(ing directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful\ - directory change,)144 345.6 R F1(cd)2.84 E F0 .34(will return)2.84 F -.356(an unsuccessful status.)144 357.6 R .356 -(On systems that support it, the)5.356 F F12.857 E F0 .357 -(option presents the e)2.857 F .357(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E .07 -(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 369.6 R 5.07(.A)-.65 G -2.569(na)-5.07 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F12.569 E F0 -.069(is con)2.569 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .069(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.569 E -F0 .069(before the direc-)2.319 F .306(tory change is attempted.)144 -381.6 R .306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.306 F F3(CDP)2.806 E --.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F12.807 E -F0 .307(is the \214rst)2.807 F(ar)144 393.6 Q .116(gument, and the dire\ -ctory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.615 -(ww)-.25 G .115(orking direc-)-2.715 F .15 + directory change,)144 345.6 R F1(cd)2.841 E F0 .341(will return)2.841 F +.357(an unsuccessful status.)144 357.6 R .357 +(On systems that support it, the)5.357 F F12.856 E F0 .356 +(option presents the e)2.856 F .356(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E +.069(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 369.6 R 5.069(.A)-.65 G +2.569(na)-5.069 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F12.569 E F0 +.07(is con)2.57 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .07(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.57 E F0 +.07(before the direc-)2.32 F .307(tory change is attempted.)144 381.6 R +.306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.307 F F3(CDP)2.806 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F12.806 E F0 .306 +(is the \214rst)2.806 F(ar)144 393.6 Q .116(gument, and the directory c\ +hange is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww) +-.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F .15 (tory is written to the standard output.)144 405.6 R .15 (If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F1(cd)2.65 E F0 .15 -(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 417.6 Q F0(en)2.958 -E .458(vironment v)-.4 F .458(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G -.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.957 E F0(en)2.957 -E .457(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .125(able to the v)144 429.6 R .125 +(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 417.6 Q F0(en)2.957 +E .457(vironment v)-.4 F .457(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G +.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.958 E F0(en)2.958 +E .458(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .126(able to the v)144 429.6 R .126 (alue of the current w)-.25 F .126(orking directory before the change.) --.1 F .126(The return v)5.126 F .126(alue is true if the)-.25 F +-.1 F .125(The return v)5.125 F .125(alue is true if the)-.25 F (directory w)144 441.6 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E (alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0 (])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 -470.4 Q F2(command)2.765 E F0(with)3.335 E F2(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -.065(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b) -5.064 F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 -482.4 R F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe) +470.4 Q F2(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +.065(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b) +5.065 F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 +482.4 R F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe) -.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502 -(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2 -(command)3.202 E F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 494.4 R .4 -(ault v)-.1 F .4(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 -(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.399 E .174(either the)144 506.4 R F12.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 -2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 -(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F12.675 E -F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 518.4 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2 +(command)3.201 E F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 494.4 R +.399(ault v)-.1 F .399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +.4(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F +(If)5.4 E .175(either the)144 506.4 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2 +(command)2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E +F0 .174(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 518.4 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 -F F1144 530.4 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F12.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F12.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 542.4 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 +F F1144 530.4 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 542.4 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 554.4 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 566.4 S +(command)144.2 554.4 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 566.4 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 (compgen)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 595.2 R +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 595.2 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 -(accepted by the)144 607.2 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 +(accepted by the)144 607.2 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 619.2 R .131(When using the)5.131 F -F12.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) -2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 -F(mable completion f)144 631.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 619.2 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 +2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F +(mable completion f)144 631.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 655.2 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ @@ -7516,7 +7519,7 @@ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 703.2 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(61)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(61)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7532,20 +7535,20 @@ F1-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 108 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho) -144 120 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F2 -(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F -F13.134 E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14 +F1(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho) +144 120 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2 +(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F +F13.133 E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 (options are supplied, e)144 132 R .139 -(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139 -(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 +(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14 +(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 144 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) 2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 -(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 156 R(The)6.208 E F1 -3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 168 R(`def)-.74 E +(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 156 R(The)6.207 E F1 +3.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 168 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 180 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 @@ -7553,56 +7556,56 @@ F13.134 E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14 (option indicates that)3.455 F .876 (other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 192 R(`empty') -.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-)-3.376 F -.448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 204 R(The)5.447 E F1 -2.947 E F0 .447 +.447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 204 R(The)5.447 E F1 +2.947 E F0 .448 (option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 (should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 216 R -.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021 -(limiter such as)144 228 R F1(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F1(|)3.521 E F0 -3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02 -(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 240 R F1 -3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve) +.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.02(limiter such as) +144 228 R F1(;)3.52 E F0(or)3.52 E F1(|)3.52 E F0 3.52(,w)C 1.021 +(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.52 F 1.021 +(If multiple options are sup-)6.021 F .708(plied, the)144 240 R F1 +3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve) -.15 G(r).15 E F13.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 F -3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1 -3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H(f).15 E -F13.208 E F0(,)A F1144 252 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r)-2.604 E F1 -2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther) +3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1 +3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H(f).15 E +F13.207 E F0(,)A F1144 252 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r)-2.603 E F1 +2.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther) -2.603 E F2(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 (guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F -(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 264 Q .152 +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 264 Q .153 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -288 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 300 +288 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 300 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 -E F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 324 R .856 -.15 +E F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 324 R .855 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar) -5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 -E F0 3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 336 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 -3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F13.222 E F0 .723 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 +E F0 3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 336 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 +3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F13.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion before the)144 348 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 360 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 384 Q F2 (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 396 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 408 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 420 Q -F1(default)184 432 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 432 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G -(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 +F1(default)184 432 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 432 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G +(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) 224 444 Q F1(dir)184 456 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 468 Q F1(\214lenames)184 480 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 492 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 504 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 (cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 516 R .45 (Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 528 Q F1(noquote) 184 540 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 540 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F (\214lenames is the def)224 552 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 564 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 564 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 576 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 576 S @@ -7610,7 +7613,7 @@ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 576 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 576 S F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 588 Q F1 (plusdirs)184 600 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 600 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.583(completion is attempted and an)224 612 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 612 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 624 Q F1144 636 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 648 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E @@ -7621,7 +7624,7 @@ Q F1144 636 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 648 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 708 S(iltin) .2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 708 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(62)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(62)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7661,56 +7664,56 @@ E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 396 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 396 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 408 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 420 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 420 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 432 Q F1144 444 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +184 432 Q F1144 444 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .114 (The shell function)184 456 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 468 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 468 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 (are being completed, the second ar)184 480 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 492 R .104 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) --2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 504 R -.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 492 R .103 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) +-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 504 R +.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) -.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 516 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1144 528 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 540 R -1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 552 Q +F1144 528 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 540 R +1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 552 Q F1144 564 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 576 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 588 Q F1144 600 Q F3(suf)2.5 E <8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 600 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 612 Q F3(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 624 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 -(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 -(each resultant w)184 636 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 -F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 -3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 648 Q .766 -(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 624 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 +(each resultant w)184 636 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) +-.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 +E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 648 Q .765 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 660 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(va)184 660 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.464 F(match the w)184 672 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 684 -Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 696 Q F0 .456 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +6.465 F(match the w)184 672 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 684 +Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 696 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 708 R 1.596 (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 720 Q F3(\214lterpat) -3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(63) +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(63) 199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7720,107 +7723,107 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(in this case, an) 184 84 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.) -.15 E .466(The return v)144 100.8 R .466(alue is true unless an in)-.25 +.15 E .467(The return v)144 100.8 R .467(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.967 E F0(or)2.967 E F22.967 E F0 -.467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362(plied without a)144 112.8 R F1(name)3.862 E -F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15 -(ve a c)-.15 H 1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F1(name)144 +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.966 E F0(or)2.966 E F22.966 E F0 +.466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361(plied without a)144 112.8 R F1(name)3.861 E +F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15 +(ve a c)-.15 H 1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F1(name)144 124.8 Q F0(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E F2(compopt)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 153.6 R F1(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F1(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 165.6 R F1(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F1(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 165.6 R F1(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F1(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 177.6 Q F1(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F1(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) -5.178 E F22.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -1.227(the `)144 201.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.228(the `)144 201.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 213.6 R 2.039 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F24.538 E F0 2.038 -(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 -(should apply to `)144 225.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 +no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 213.6 R 2.038 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F24.538 E F0 2.039 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 +(should apply to `)144 225.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.038 F(The)144 237.6 Q F23.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ +-4.039 F(The)144 237.6 Q F23.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 -F .867(assignment w)144 249.6 R .868 +F .868(assignment w)144 249.6 R .868 (ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F2(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F2(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) --3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 261.6 Q .432(The return v)144 285.6 R +E F0(or)3.368 E F2(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) +-3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 261.6 Q .431(The return v)144 285.6 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F (tions for a)144 297.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 314.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 326.4 R .85 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 326.4 R .851 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F2 -(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F1(n)3.711 E F0 .851 -(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 338.4 R F1(n)2.704 E -F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10 -/Symbol SF2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F1(n)3.063 E F0 .203 -(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 +(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F1(n)3.71 E F0 .85 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 338.4 R F1(n)2.703 E F0 +.203(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F1(n)3.064 E F0 .204 +(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184 (the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 350.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 -(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 -1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 362.4 Q F2(declar) +G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.683 E F0 +1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 362.4 Q F2(declar) 108 379.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C (..])-2.5 E F2(typeset)108 391.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 -2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 403.2 R 1.265 -(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 403.2 R 1.264 +(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 -(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) --3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 415.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v) +-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 415.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 F F23.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 (utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 G(hen)-5.96 E F23.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 427.2 Q F1 -(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275 +(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274 (guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F22.775 E F0(and) -2.775 E F22.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) -5.274 E F22.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 439.2 Q -F1(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib) --.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29 -(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 451.2 Q .38 +2.775 E F22.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.275 E F22.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 439.2 Q +F1(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib) +-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289 +(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 451.2 Q .38 (utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 (If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F22.88 E F0(,)A F2 -(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 -463.2 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F23.606 E F0 1.107 -(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144 -475.2 R(The)5.3 E F22.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \ -function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144 -487.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F2(extdeb)4.04 E -(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F2(shopt)4.04 E -F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 +(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.107(display the attrib)144 +463.2 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F23.606 E F0 1.106 +(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144 +475.2 R(The)5.299 E F22.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\ + of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54 +(and attrib)144 487.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F +F2(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F +F2(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 (name and line number where each)144 499.2 R F1(name)3.148 E F0 .648 (is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F23.148 E -F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F2144 511.2 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he) --5.836 E F23.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837 +F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F2144 511.2 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he) +-5.837 E F23.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F2(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 523.2 Q -(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819 +(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F2(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 523.2 Q +(e)-.18 E F0 .818(is e)3.318 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .818 (cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818 -(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F23.318 E -F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 535.2 S .693 -(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693(xcept the) --.15 F F1(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2 -F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye)-.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F +(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.819 E F23.319 E +F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F -.25(va)144 535.2 S .694 +(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694(xcept the) +-.15 F F1(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2 +F .693(alue of an)-.25 F 3.193(ye)-.15 G .693(xisting v)-3.343 F (ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 547.2 R F1(name)3.32 E F0 .82 (at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82 (xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F -.379(initially unset.)144 559.2 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379 -(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38 +.38(initially unset.)144 559.2 R .38(The follo)5.38 F .379 +(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .379 (ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 571.2 Q(ute or to gi) -.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F2144 583.2 Q F0(Each)180 583.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) @@ -7829,29 +7832,29 @@ F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 595.2 Q F0(Each)180 595.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H (rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) -.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 607.2 Q F0(Use function names only)180 -607.2 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 619.2 Q F0 .558(The v)180 619.2 R .558 +607.2 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 619.2 Q F0 .557(The v)180 619.2 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 631.2 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) -2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2144 643.2 Q -F0 .909(When the v)180 643.2 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +F0 .91(When the v)180 643.2 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 655.2 R +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 655.2 R (upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2144 667.2 -Q F0(Gi)180 667.2 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.82 E F0 -(the)3.82 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 -(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .477 +Q F0(Gi)180 667.2 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.819 E F0 +(the)3.819 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .478 (That other v)180 679.2 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 (alue of)-.25 F F1(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478 -(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 691.2 Q .782 -(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)3.282 E F0 3.282(,e)C .782 -(xcept those using or changing the)-3.432 F F23.281 E F0(attrib) -3.281 E .781(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 703.2 R -.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 +(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 691.2 Q .781 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)3.281 E F0 3.281(,e)C .782 +(xcept those using or changing the)-3.431 F F23.282 E F0(attrib) +3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 703.2 R +.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 F(applied to array v)180 715.2 Q(ariables.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(64)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(64)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7859,129 +7862,129 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Mak)180 84 Q(e)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name) -3.655 E F0 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154 -(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F 1.154 +3.654 E F0 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154 +(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F 1.155 (alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 96 Q -F1144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 -(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +F1144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 -E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 (traps from the calling shell.)180 120 Q(The trace attrib)5 E (ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 132 -Q F0 .91(When the v)180 132 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +Q F0 .909(When the v)180 132 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo) -2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 -156 Q F0(Mark)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143 +(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo)2.5 +E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 156 Q +F0(Mark)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144 (Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 172.8 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 -(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F1(+A)2.644 E F0 -.144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 184.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G +(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(+A)2.643 E F0 +.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 184.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G .579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 (will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 -F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 196.8 Q F1 -(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F1(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 -E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 -(command, unless the)3.544 F F13.544 E F0 1.205 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 196.8 Q F1 +(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F1(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 +E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(command, unless the)3.543 F F13.543 E F0 1.205 (option is supplied.)144 208.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 220.8 Q F0 5.217(.W)C .217 -(hen using)-5.217 F F12.717 E F0(or)2.717 E F12.717 E F0 -.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 220.8 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 +(hen using)-5.218 F F12.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F12.718 E F0 +.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 (ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 232.8 R .882 (utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 -(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 244.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .365(lid optio\ +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 244.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid optio\ n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F -/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .366(\255f foo=bar)2.866 F F0 2.866(,a)C 2.866(na) --2.866 G(t-)-2.866 E .549(tempt is made to assign a v)144 256.8 R .549 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .548 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F -1.748(array v)144 268.8 R 1.748 +/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na) +-2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 256.8 R .548 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .549 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F +1.749(array v)144 268.8 R 1.749 (ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)4.249 E F0(abo)4.249 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.749(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)144 280.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F +(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(\), one of the).15 F +F2(names)144 280.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G -.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 292.8 R 1.213 +.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 292.8 R 1.213 (ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 -(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) +(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) -.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 304.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 321.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][) -C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .329 +C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 345.6 R 1.238 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 357.6 Q -F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 (The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 369.6 S (ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 381.6 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 381.6 Q -F1144 393.6 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .882 +F1144 393.6 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 405.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 417.6 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 417.6 Q F1 -144 429.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 -(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F1(+)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.564(Displays the)180 453.6 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +144 429.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F1(+)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)180 453.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 465.6 Q F1144 477.6 Q F2 (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 477.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .257(The return v)144 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .258(The return v)144 506.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) .15 F(tory stack.)144 518.4 Q F1(diso)108 535.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .122 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .121 (thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 559.2 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 571.2 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 571.2 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 (is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 583.2 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F1 -3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 636 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 636 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 648 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 648 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 660 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067 +5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 (terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 -(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F1 -(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F0 .601 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101 -F F1(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F .659 -(escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1 +(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F0 .602 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 +F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 +(escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 .659 (does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-) +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) -.2 E(prets the follo)144 708 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(65)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(65)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8001,112 +8004,112 @@ Q F0(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 192 S (the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) -2.5 E F1(enable)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 (the same name as a shell b)144 340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 (the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 +(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648 (abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) 3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b) +SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b) 144 376.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F13.038 E -F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S +F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S 1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object) 4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .606(Bash will use the v) +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .607(Bash will use the v) 144 400.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606 -(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549 -(directories in which to search for)144 412.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0 -5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .548(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F -(The)5.548 E F13.048 E F0 .548(option will)3.048 F .546 -(delete a b)144 424.8 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with) --.25 F F13.046 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 +(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .548 +(directories in which to search for)144 412.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0 +5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .549(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F +(The)5.549 E F13.049 E F0 .549(option will)3.049 F .547 +(delete a b)144 424.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with) +-.25 F F13.047 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 (name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.547(n, or if the).15 F F13.047 E F0 .547(option is)3.047 F .546 +.546(n, or if the).15 F F13.046 E F0 .546(option is)3.046 F .545 (supplied, a list of shell b)144 436.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F --.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545 +-.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .546 (guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 448.8 R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F13.195 E F0 .695 (is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.695 E F13.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .262 +(If)5.695 E F13.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .261 (list printed includes all b)144 460.8 R .261 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F -(If)5.261 E F12.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268 +(If)5.261 E F12.761 E F0 .262(is sup-)2.762 F .269 (plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 472.8 R F2(special) -2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .269 -(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.769 E F0 .285 +2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .268 +(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.768 E F0 .284 (is not a shell b)144 484.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 (will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284 -(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784 -(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 496.8 R +(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a)C 2.785 +(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 496.8 R F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G 1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 508.8 S (iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G (uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 525.6 T(l).15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 537.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 -E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 -(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no) --2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 561.6 Q +E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 537.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E +(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 +(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no) +-2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 561.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 (exec)108 578.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 590.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 602.4 R .176 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 590.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 602.4 R .177 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 (ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 614.4 R .48(gument passed to) -.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) 3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F12.98 E F0 -.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 626.4 Q F0 .638 -(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 626.4 Q F0 .639 +(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 638.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 638.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 650.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F -.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +.15 F(non-interacti)144 650.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 662.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 674.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 --.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 -(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) --2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 674.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) +-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) .25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 686.4 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 703.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 703.2 R .096(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 703.2 R .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) -.15 F -.15(exe)144 715.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(66)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(66)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8115,41 +8118,41 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1 -(export \255p)108 96 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 108 R F2(names)3.117 E +(export \255p)108 96 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 108 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257 (xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 120 R(the)2.627 E F1 -2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2 +-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 120 R(the)2.626 E F1 +2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2 (names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2 -(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the) +(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the) .15 F F1144 132 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.548 E F0 -.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 144 S 1.447 +(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) +-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.547 E F0 +.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 144 S 1.446 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 156 S .741(lue of the v).25 -F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 168 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 -(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 180 Q F1(fc)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 156 S .742(lue of the v).25 +F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 168 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 180 Q F1(fc)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 (The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 220.8 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 +232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 244.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 -F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 +144 244.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) +-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 (is used as an of)144 256.8 R .071 (fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a) 5.071 F F2<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F2(last)2.571 E F0 .071 @@ -8160,10 +8163,10 @@ F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 (lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F F2(last)2.832 E F0 .242 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F -.092(ing \(so that)144 292.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510) -2.592 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F2<8c72> -4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F2<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E -F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 304.8 Q +.093(ing \(so that)144 292.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510) +2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F2<8c72> +4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E +F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 304.8 Q (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 328.8 Q F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E @@ -8171,92 +8174,93 @@ F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 340.8 R .438(If the) 5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E -F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +.334(the editor gi)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E +F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 364.8 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F -.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT) -3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 -376.8 R .006(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 -F .005(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e) -5.005 F(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 388.8 Q .788(In the second form,)144 412.8 -R F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 364.8 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631 +(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR) +-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63 +(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 376.8 R .005(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2 +(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F +(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 388.8 Q .789(In the second form,)144 412.8 R F2 +(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 424.8 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> -2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 -2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 436.8 Q F3 7.165 -(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) -3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 +E(mand)144 424.8 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F2<8c72> +2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F3 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F +F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 436.8 Q F3 7.166 +(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) +3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F (mand.)144 448.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 472.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 484.8 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 484.8 R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 520.8 Q +508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 520.8 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E (ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 549.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +144 549.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 561.6 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 561.6 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 573.6 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 585.6 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1(getopts)108 602.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 (g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 614.4 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 626.4 R .149 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .578 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 626.4 R .15 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .579 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 650.4 R .636 (Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029 -(tion in the shell v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 2.529 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e) -2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03 -(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066 +3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03 +(tion in the shell v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 2.53 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G +.029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065 (ment to be processed into the v)144 674.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND) -2.566 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.566 E F0 .065 +2.565 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.565 E F0 .066 (is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 (shell script is in)144 686.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When) .1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts) -3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .567 -(the v)144 698.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 -.566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566 -(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .389 -(between multiple calls to)144 710.4 R F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 .389 -(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39(cation if a ne).2 F -2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 722.4 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(67)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .566 +(the v)144 698.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 +.566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 +(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39 +(between multiple calls to)144 710.4 R F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 +(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F +2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 722.4 +Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(67)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.044 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.043 (When the end of options is encountered,)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F -2.043(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)144 96 +2.044(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)144 96 Q F0(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 120 Q F0 .485 @@ -8266,32 +8270,32 @@ SF(name)2.5 E F0(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 120 Q F0 .485 (parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .345 (can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F .345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F3(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 -(is a colon,)3.065 F F3(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F3(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 (porting is used.)144 168 R 1.668 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 180 -R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 180 +R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) -.25 E F2(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F (will be displayed, e)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F3(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .666(If an in)144 216 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F3(name)3.527 E -F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 -(and unsets)144 228 R F2(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 +2.72 E .667(If an in)144 216 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) +.25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F3(name)3.527 E +F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 +(and unsets)144 228 R F2(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 (is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F2(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 -240 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 264 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) --.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() -3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 -(laced in)-3.742 F F3(name)144.36 276 Q F0(,).18 E F2(OPT)2.714 E(ARG) --.81 E F0 .213(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F -(If)5.213 E F1(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 -F F1(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 288 Q F3(name)2.86 E F0(and) -2.68 E F2(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.) -2.25 E F1(getopts)144 312 Q F0 .902 +E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 240 +Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 264 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F +F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 +(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F +F3(name)144.36 276 Q F0(,).18 E F2(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F1 +(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 288 Q F3(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F2(OPT) +2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 +(getopts)144 312 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 324 Q F1(hash)108 340.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 @@ -8300,23 +8304,23 @@ G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F3(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 (the directories in)144 364.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 376.8 -R F12.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F3 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 376.8 +R F12.742 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F3 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 (of the command.)144 388.8 R(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 .615 (option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 (get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 -(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 400.8 R .294 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F3(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I) -C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F12.793 E F0 .293 -(option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 +(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 400.8 R .293 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F3(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) +C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F12.794 E F0 .294 +(option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 412.8 R F3(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 (If multiple)5.028 F F3(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 -(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 424.8 R F12.676 E F0 -2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F3(name)2.676 E F0 .175 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F1 -2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 424.8 R F12.675 E F0 +2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F3(name)2.675 E F0 .175 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F1 +2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783 (be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 436.8 R .783 (If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 (n, or if only).15 F F13.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 @@ -8324,12 +8328,12 @@ C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F12.793 E F0 .293 .807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F3(name)144.36 460.8 Q F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) .25 E F1(help)108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 489.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F3(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144 -501.6 R F3(pattern)3.974 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .223 +.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 +501.6 R F3(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 513.6 Q F1 144 525.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 525.6 Q F3 (pattern)2.5 E F1144 537.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) @@ -8346,13 +8350,13 @@ E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 566.4 Q F3 -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 667.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 679.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 -F F3(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F3(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 679.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F3(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F3(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.88 E(MA)144 691.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F3 -(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 +2.881 E(MA)144 691.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F3 +(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 703.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 @@ -8361,7 +8365,7 @@ F F3(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F3(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F (not, the v)144 727.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(68) +(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(68) 199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -8371,13 +8375,12 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.) 180 84 Q F1144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .39(Delete the history entry at position)180 108 R F2(of)2.889 E +F0 .389(Delete the history entry at position)180 108 R F2(of)2.889 E (fset)-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 -(is ne)2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G -2.889(ti)-2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .598 -(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 120 R -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(is ne)2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89 +(ti)-2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 120 +R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 (ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 132 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 @@ -8387,47 +8390,47 @@ F0 .39(Delete the history entry at position)180 108 R F2(of)2.889 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 168 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2(start) 2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1144 180 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 180 -R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564 -(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1144 180 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 180 +R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564 +(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 (These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 192 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E (ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 204 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 204 R .772 + into the current history list.)180 204 R .773 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 216 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E (sion.)180 228 Q F1144 240 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 240 Q F1 144 252 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 252 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 264 Q F0 .626 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 264 Q F0 .625 (Perform history substitution on the follo)180 264 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 276 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 288 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 300 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 300 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(normal history e)180 288 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 300 Q F0 .362 +(Store the)180 300 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 312 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 328.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 328.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 340.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 352.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 364.8 R .833 -(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F -.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 376.8 S .168(lid option\ +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 340.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 352.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 364.8 R .832 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.833(.T)-.65 G .833(he return v)-5.833 F +.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 376.8 S .168(lid option\ is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ -\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set) -144 388.8 Q F0 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341 -(gument to)-.18 F F12.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34 -(he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34 +\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set) +144 388.8 Q F0 .34(or range is supplied as an ar)2.84 F .34(gument to) +-.18 F F12.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.841(rt)-2.841 G .341 +(he history e)-2.841 F .341(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .341 (gument to)-.18 F F1144 400.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs) 108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ]) 2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 429.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E @@ -8435,21 +8438,21 @@ F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 453.6 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 453.6 Q F1 -144 465.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 465.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 477.6 Q F1 +144 465.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 465.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 477.6 Q F1 144 489.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 489.6 Q 2.5(sp) -.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 501.6 Q F0 (Display only running jobs.)180 501.6 Q F1144 513.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 513.6 Q(If)144 530.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 -E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 542.4 Q -.25 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 513.6 Q(If)144 530.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 +E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 542.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 559.2 R F1 -2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 559.2 R F1 +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 571.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 @@ -8460,29 +8463,29 @@ E F1(kill)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by) 144 612 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017 (to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2 -(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.827 E .318 -(either a case-insensiti)144 624 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 636 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0 +(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.828 E .319 +(either a case-insensiti)144 624 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 636 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0 .427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) 3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 -(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 648 R -F12.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 648 R +F12.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F -F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 660 R -.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) -144 672 R F13.299 E F0 .799 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 684 R +F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 660 +R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8(gument to)144 +672 R F13.3 E F0 .8 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 684 R (The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E (successfully sent, or f)144 696 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(69)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(69)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8490,39 +8493,39 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(let)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 96 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .197(ARITHMETIC EV) -2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 108 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 96 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .196(ARITHMETIC EV) +2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 108 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar) --2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar) +-2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 (name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E -F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F -(an)144 148.8 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 -(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F +(an)144 148.8 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 +(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -160.8 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +160.8 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 +(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51 (of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 172.8 R F1 -(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 -(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 184.8 R F1(set) -3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17 -(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.38(turns. The)144 196.8 R .88 -(restore is ef)3.38 F .88(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E -F0 .881(commands were e)3.381 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .881 -(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .788 +(local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 184.8 R F1(set)3.67 +E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.171 +(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 196.8 R .881 +(restore is ef)3.381 F .881(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 +E F0 .88(commands were e)3.38 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .88 +(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .787 (that were in place before the function.)144 208.8 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 -(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .787(writes a list of local v) -3.288 F .787(ariables to)-.25 F .654(the standard output.)144 220.8 R -.654(It is an error to use)5.654 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 -(when not within a function.)3.154 F .655(The return status is 0)5.654 F +(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .788(writes a list of local v) +3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 220.8 R +.654(It is an error to use)5.655 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 +(when not within a function.)3.154 F .654(The return status is 0)5.654 F (unless)144 232.8 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) 2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 @@ -8538,17 +8541,17 @@ F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 290.4 R +(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 290.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 302.4 -R F13.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 302.4 +R F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) --6.249 F(ha)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 326.4 Q F0 .911 -(The \214rst character of)180 326.4 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 +E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.248 F(ha)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 326.4 Q F0 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 326.4 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 (wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 338.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) 2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 350.4 Q F0(Cop)180 350.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 @@ -8567,32 +8570,32 @@ E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1144 422.4 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 422.4 Q -F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 439.2 Q F12.967 E F0 +F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 439.2 Q F12.968 E F0 .467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 451.2 R 2.762(xo)-.15 -G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 -(as additional ar)144 463.2 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 451.2 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 463.2 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 475.2 Q (If not supplied with an e)144 492 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 508.8 Q F0 .797 -(returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 +(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 (lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 520.8 S +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 520.8 S (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(popd)108 537.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.091 -(se).15 G .591(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.091 F .592 -(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .665 -(directory listed by)144 561.6 R F1(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665 -(ith no ar)-6.065 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .664(he top directory from the stack, and) +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092 +(se).15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591 +(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .664 +(directory listed by)144 561.6 R F1(dirs)3.164 E F0 5.664(.W)C .664 +(ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .665(he top directory from the stack, and) -3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 573.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E 5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 .551 @@ -8601,62 +8604,63 @@ H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 .551 (that only the stack is manipulated.)180 597.6 Q F1(+)144 609.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 609.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779 -(from the stack.)180 621.6 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:) --3.429 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 -.78(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 633.6 Q F1144 -645.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 -E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho) -B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with) --3.759 F 2.5(zero. F)180 657.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0) -2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E -(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .093 +F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .78 +(from the stack.)180 621.6 R -.15(Fo)5.78 G 3.28(re).15 G(xample:)-3.43 +E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 .779 +(popd +1)3.279 F F0 .779(the sec-)3.279 F(ond.)180 633.6 Q F1144 +645.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he) +-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 +657.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 +E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .094 (If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144 -674.4 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1 -F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 686.4 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.697 G .196 +674.4 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .093(option w)2.593 F .093(as not supplied,)-.1 +F F1(popd)2.593 E F0(uses)2.593 E(the)144 686.4 Q F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.696 G .196 (iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196 -(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.696 -E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 698.4 Q(alue.)-.25 E -(Otherwise,)144 715.2 Q F1(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17 +(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.697 +E F0 .197(returns a non-)2.697 F(zero v)144 698.4 Q(alue.)-.25 E +(Otherwise,)144 715.2 Q F1(popd)2.671 E F0 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171 (alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.671(,o) --.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 727.2 Q +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.67(,o) +-.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 727.2 Q (xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(70)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(70)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.556(If the)144 -84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556 -(command is successful, bash runs)4.056 F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556 -(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555 -(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.555(If the)144 +84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)4.055 E F0 1.555 +(command is successful, bash runs)4.055 F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556 +(to sho)4.056 F 4.056(wt)-.25 G 1.556 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.056 F (stack, and the return status is 0.)144 96 Q F1(printf)108 112.8 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted)144 -124.8 R F2(ar)2.857 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858 -E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F12.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714 +F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 +124.8 R F2(ar)2.858 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .358 +(to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F2(format)2.857 +E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F12.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714 (tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 136.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 -F(output.)144 148.8 Q(The)144 172.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\ +F(output.)144 148.8 Q(The)144 172.8 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\ aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ - which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ -ape sequences, which are con)144 184.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 + which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ +ape sequences, which are con)144 184.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 196.8 R .037 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 196.8 R .036 (xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 208.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 220.8 Q +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 220.8 Q (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 232.8 Q F0(causes)180 232.8 Q F1(printf) -2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 +2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 244.8 Q(ay as) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 244.8 Q(ay as) -.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 256.8 Q F0(causes)180 256.8 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F @@ -8664,257 +8668,257 @@ F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E 2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G (upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0 (before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 292.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 -(causes)180 304.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 316.8 R F2 +(causes)180 304.8 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 316.8 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180 328.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F -.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693 (current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 340.8 R -.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) -3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 352.8 R -.15 +.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar) +3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 352.8 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 364.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .902 +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 364.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .901 (The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G -.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .901 -(guments from the format)-.18 F .357(speci\214cation and write that man) -144 393.6 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358 -(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.857 F .358 +.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .902 +(guments from the format)-.18 F .358(speci\214cation and write that man) +144 393.6 R 2.858(yb)-.15 G .357 +(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.858 F .357 (xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E (which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 405.6 Q -(Ar)144 422.4 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ -ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F -1.258(minus sign is allo)144 434.4 R 1.259 +(Ar)144 422.4 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ +ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F +1.259(minus sign is allo)144 434.4 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 446.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 463.2 Q F2(format)2.515 E -F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format) -2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 -475.2 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566 +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 446.4 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 463.2 Q F2(format)2.514 E +F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F2(ar)2.515 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F2(format) +2.515 E F0 .015(requires more)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 +475.2 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) -.15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,) +.15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,) -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 487.2 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) 108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ -tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 528 R 3.139(wt)-.25 -G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 540 R .088 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar)-5.488 F -(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F +(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\ +ctory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 528 R 3.14(wt)-.25 +G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144 540 R .089 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W)-.65 G .089(ith no ar)-5.489 F +(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.588 G .088 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088(lements of)-2.588 F (the directory stack.)144 552 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 564 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating or a\ dding directories to the)180 564 R (stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 576 Q F1(+)144 588 Q -F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 588 R F2(n)3.767 E F0 -1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268 +F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 588 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 +1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267 (wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 600 Q F0 2.5(,s)C (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 612 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 (Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 636 Q F0(Adds)180 636 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 -(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .434 -(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 652.8 R F12.934 E -F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.935 E F0 -.435(uses the)2.935 F F1(cd)2.935 E F0 -.2(bu)2.935 G .435(iltin to).2 F +(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .435 +(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 652.8 R F12.935 E +F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.934 E F0 +.434(uses the)2.934 F F1(cd)2.934 E F0 -.2(bu)2.934 G .434(iltin to).2 F (change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 664.8 Q(If the)5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 (returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144 681.6 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 -(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .092 -(When rotating the directory stack,)144 693.6 R F1(pushd)2.592 E F0 .093 -(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.592 F(x-) --.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 705.6 Q 1.278 -(If the)144 722.4 R F1(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278 -(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277 -(to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277 -(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(71)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .093 +(When rotating the directory stack,)144 693.6 R F1(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092 +(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.593 F(x-) +-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 705.6 Q 1.277 +(If the)144 722.4 R F1(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277 +(command is successful, bash runs)3.777 F F1(dirs)3.777 E F0 1.278 +(to sho)3.778 F 3.778(wt)-.25 G 1.278 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(71)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(stack.)144 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 112.8 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 124.8 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 -(enabled. If)144 136.8 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 +(enabled. If)144 136.8 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 +F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 148.8 R -.25(va) -.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 160.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -177.6 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 -E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E -F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E -F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 --3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E -F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A +177.6 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 +E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E +F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E +F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 +-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E +F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A ([)108 189.6 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 201.6 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 213.6 Q -F12.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435 +F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 213.6 Q +F12.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435 (ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w) --2.935 F .436(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 225.6 R F2 -(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 +(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w) +-2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 225.6 R F2 +(name)3.235 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 (ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376 -(nd so on.)-2.876 F .375(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236 +(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237 (than names, the remaining w)144 237.6 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 -F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.097 E -F0 5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 249.6 R .875(wer w) +F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E +F0 5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 249.6 R .874(wer w) -.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ -ames are assigned)-.1 F .517(empty v)144 261.6 R 3.017(alues. The)-.25 F -.517(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518 -(are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518 -(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 273.6 R +ames are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 261.6 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F +.518(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518 +(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517 +(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 273.6 R .026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 -(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488 +(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 (be used to remo)144 285.6 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H .488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 -(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E (tions, if supplied, ha)144 297.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 309.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026 +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 309.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025 (The w)180 321.6 R 1.026 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F +-.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F F2(aname)180.33 333.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 (ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 345.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 357.6 R F2(delim)2.78 E F0 .281 -(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 369.6 Q F0 -(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 357.6 R F2(delim)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F 2.78 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 369.6 Q F0(is the empty string,) +2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 381.6 Q F0 .373 +144 381.6 Q F0 .372 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 381.6 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo) -2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E +(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) +2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 393.6 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E (acti)180 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E (ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1144 417.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) --.2 E F0(If)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) +-.2 E F0(If)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) -.25 F(ing be)180 429.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 441.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S(ad).18 E F0 .322 -(returns after reading)2.822 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 +(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 (characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 (aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 465.6 Q (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 144 477.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 489.6 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 +1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 501.6 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 513.6 -R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc) -3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 525.6 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 537.6 S .67 +R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) +3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 525.6 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 537.6 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 (xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 549.6 Q F0 (option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 561.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 573.6 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +E F0(Display)180 573.6 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) -3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 585.6 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 597.6 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 597.6 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 -609.6 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E +144 597.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 597.6 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 +609.6 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.) 180 621.6 Q F1144 633.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 633.6 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 645.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 657.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 +144 645.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 657.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 +G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 669.6 R F2(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) 3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 681.6 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -693.6 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 705.6 R .59 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 +693.6 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 705.6 R .589 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) +-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 (artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 717.6 S (riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) 2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 -G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.042(The e)180 729.6 R 1.041 +G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.041(The e)180 729.6 R 1.041 (xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.041 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.541(,o)-.4 G 3.541 -(rt)-3.541 G 1.041(he read will)-3.541 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 May 2)150.675 E(72)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.541(,o)-.4 G 3.542 +(rt)-3.541 G 1.042(he read will)-3.542 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 June 3)150.675 E(72)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .706(return EOF) -180 84 R 3.206(,n)-.8 G .706(on-zero otherwise.)-3.206 F .706(The e) -5.706 F .707(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .707(return EOF) +180 84 R 3.207(,n)-.8 G .707(on-zero otherwise.)-3.207 F .707(The e) +5.707 F .707(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F (x-)-.15 E(ceeded.)180 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 108 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 108 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522(If no)144 124.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 (are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F -.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144 +.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144 136.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 (xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18 -(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961 +(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 -148.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706 +148.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707 (signing to a readonly v)144 160.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) -.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) -.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1144 172.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 +.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1144 172.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 189.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) -2.5 E .77(The gi)144 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 -F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096 -(quent assignment.)144 213.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 -1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 225.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097 +(quent assignment.)144 213.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 +1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 225.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 237.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 249.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 237.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) +3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 249.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 261.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 -2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 +.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 261.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 +2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 273.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -285.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 273.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +285.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) @@ -8922,147 +8926,147 @@ to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 261.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 (is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 309.6 Q F0 (that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 326.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 338.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F -5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 338.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 (the return status is that of the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E -F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 +-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E +F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 362.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) +-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) 144 374.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E -.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke) -.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628 -(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E -F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 -(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 +.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke) +.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 +(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 +(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) +144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 (its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 434.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 (ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 446.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 458.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 +E .75(mand associated with the)144 458.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 470.4 Q F1 +G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 470.4 Q F1 (set)108 487.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 (set)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) -2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 -511.2 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574 -(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573 +511.2 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573 +(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574 (ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 (as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 523.2 R 2.613 (ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113 -(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 535.2 +(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 535.2 R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.) -.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 -F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 547.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581 -(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G --.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161 +F .581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 547.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G +.581(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15 +G -.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16 (tion processing are treated as v)144 559.2 R .161 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F -2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 571.2 Q F0(,)A F1 -2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 583.2 Q F0 -1.377(Each v)184 583.2 R 1.377 +2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F1($1)2.661 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 571.2 Q F0(,)A +F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 583.2 Q +F0 1.378(Each v)184 583.2 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 595.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 607.2 Q F0 .132 +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 595.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 607.2 Q F0 .131 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 607.2 R -2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E (primary prompt.)184 619.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) -.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 631.2 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 631.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 643.2 Q -F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F -1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 -655.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 +.088(Exit immediately if a)184 631.2 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F +F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 643.2 Q +F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR) +4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521 +(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 655.2 +R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 (ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 667.2 Q -1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 --.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 679.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) --.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 691.2 R -F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) --3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 703.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 +1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) +4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 679.2 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) +-.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 691.2 R +F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) +-3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E +-.25(va)184 703.2 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 (non-zero status because a command f)184 715.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 727.2 R 2.677 -(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 -(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 -(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 -(option applies to)2.678 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E +F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 727.2 R 2.678 +(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 +(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 +(option applies to)2.677 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E (73)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .618(the shell en) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .617(the shell en) 184 84 R .617(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617 -(vironment separately \(see)-.4 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .617 -(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 96 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo) +(vironment separately \(see)-.4 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .618 +(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 96 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo) 2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643 -(xit before e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F -(the commands in the subshell.)184 108 Q .999 +(xit before e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F +(the commands in the subshell.)184 108 Q .998 (If a compound command or shell function e)184 126 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .999 -(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -3.498 E F0 .998(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e) +(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +3.499 E F0 .999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e) 184 138 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089 -(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .503 -(will be af)184 150 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F23.002 E F0 .502 +(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .502 +(will be af)184 150 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F23.002 E F0 .502 (setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F2 -3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .502 -(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 162 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G 1.683 -(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.183 F F24.184 E F0 -1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) --.15 E(where)184 174 Q F23.154 E F0 .654 -(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 --.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F +3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .503 +(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 162 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684 +(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F24.183 E F0 +1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) +-.15 E(where)184 174 Q F23.153 E F0 .653 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F (or the command containing the function call completes.)184 186 Q F2 144 198 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 198 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 144 210 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 210 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .988(is en-)3.488 F(abled by def)184 222 -Q(ault.)-.1 E F2144 234 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 234 R .514 +-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F(abled by def)184 222 +Q(ault.)-.1 E F2144 234 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 234 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F +F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F (command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 246 Q F2 -144 258 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 258 R .148 -(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F -.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 +144 258 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 258 R .149 +(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F +.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 (on systems that support it \(see)184 270 R F1 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 282 R .679 +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 282 R .678 (When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ -s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 294 S(it status.).15 E F2144 306 Q F0 .653 -(Read commands b)184 306 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 -(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) -5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 318 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +s)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 294 S(it status.).15 E F2144 306 Q F0 .652 +(Read commands b)184 306 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652 +(cute them.).15 F .653(This may be used to check a shell script for) +5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 318 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2144 330 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 342 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0 (can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2(allexport)184 354 Q F0 @@ -9079,14 +9083,14 @@ F0 2.5(option. This)224 426 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) (functrace)184 462 Q F0(Same as)224 474 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 (hashall)184 486 Q F0(Same as)224 486 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 (histexpand)184 498 Q F0(Same as)224 510 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(history)184 522 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 522 R 3.087(,a) +(history)184 522 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 522 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF (.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 534 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(ignor)184 -546 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 558 R 1.657 +546 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 558 R 1.656 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 570 Q F2(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) .15 E F2 -.1(ke)184 582 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 594 Q F2 2.5 E F0(.)A F2(monitor)184 606 Q F0(Same as)224 606 Q F22.5 @@ -9097,7 +9101,7 @@ F2(noglob)184 654 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(nolog) (Same as)224 678 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(nounset)184 690 Q F0(Same as) 224 690 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(onecmd)184 702 Q F0(Same as)224 702 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(ph)184 714 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 714 Q -F22.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(74) +F22.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(74) 199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -9105,103 +9109,103 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pipefail)184 84 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)224 84 R 1.029 -(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 96 R +SF(pipefail)184 84 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)224 84 R 1.029 +(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 96 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) -.15 F -.15(ex)224 108 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G (his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 120 Q F0 -2.09(Change the beha)224 120 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.091(Change the beha)224 120 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 132 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). 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The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 690 Q F0 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 702 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 702 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G -.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 714 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +F0 .4(If no ar)184 702 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 714 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(75)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(75)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .796(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining) +SF144 84 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining) 184 84 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297 -(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G .797(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 -F 3.022(rameters. The)184 96 R F13.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1 +(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G .796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 +F 3.021(rameters. The)184 96 R F13.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1 3.022 E F0 .522(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522 -(there are no)3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521 +(there are no)3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522 (s, the positional pa-)B(rameters remain unchanged.)184 108 Q .425 (The options are of)144 124.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef) -2.925 E .425(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 136.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 136.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 (current set of options may be found in)144 148.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F (is encountered.)144 160.8 Q F1(shift)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 189.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 201.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 189.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 201.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 213.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 225.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 225.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 237.6 Q F1(shopt)108 254.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 266.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 266.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 278.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 +(listed belo)144 278.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 290.4 R .066 +F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 290.4 R .065 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F12.566 E F0 .066 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 302.4 R F2 @@ -9275,126 +9279,126 @@ E(options ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E 338.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 350.4 Q F0 (Disable \(unset\) each)180 350.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 362.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 -E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +tus indicates whether the)180 362.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 +E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 398.4 Q F0 (Restricts the v)180 398.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 415.2 R F1 -3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 415.2 R F1 +3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984 -(set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U) --.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983 -(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 439.2 S(ult.) +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983 +(set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) +-.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 439.2 S(ult.) .1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 456 -R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F +R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) -.25 F(option.)144 480 Q(The list of)144 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 514.8 Q F0 1.944 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 514.8 Q F0 1.945 (If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 526.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 (rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 538.8 R .885 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 (ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 550.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1 -(autocd)144 562.8 Q F0 .199 +(autocd)144 562.8 Q F0 .2 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 562.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment to the)184 574.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 586.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 598.8 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 586.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 598.8 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F (name of a v)184 610.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 622.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -622.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 634.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 646.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +622.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 634.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 646.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F (the command proceeds.)184 658.8 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 670.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 682.8 R F1(bash)3.237 -E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 670.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 682.8 R F1(bash)3.236 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 694.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 706.8 -Q F0 .448(If set,)184 718.8 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 -(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 730.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(76)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +Q F0 .449(If set,)184 718.8 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 730.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(76)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .816 -(attempted without an interv)184 84 R .816(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F1 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF .817(JOB CONTR)3.316 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.067 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.317(\). The).15 F .817(shell al-)3.317 F -.1(wa)184 96 S +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .817 +(attempted without an interv)184 84 R .817(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F1 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF .816(JOB CONTR)3.316 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.066 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.316(\). The).15 F .816(shell al-)3.316 F -.1(wa)184 96 S (ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) -2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 108 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 120 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 (ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 132 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85 -(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F1(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 132 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G .851 +(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F1(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F1(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85 (This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 144 S(ult.).1 E F2 -(cmdhist)144 156 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 156 R F2(bash)2.673 E F0 .173 -(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172 +(cmdhist)144 156 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 156 R F2(bash)2.672 E F0 .172 +(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) -184 168 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597 +184 168 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 -(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.288(ult, b).1 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.287(ult, b).1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 -(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.587 -.15 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(HIST)184 192 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F2 (compat31)144 204 Q(compat32)144 216 Q(compat40)144 228 Q(compat41)144 240 Q(compat42)144 252 Q(compat43)144 264 Q(compat44)144 276 Q(compat50) 144 288 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 300 R 3.389 (sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F1 .889(SHELL COMP) 3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 312 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(complete_fullquote)144 328.8 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 340.8 +(w\).)-.25 E F2(complete_fullquote)144 328.8 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 340.8 R F2(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lename\ -s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 -(forming completion.)184 352.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F2(bash)4.024 +s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525 +(forming completion.)184 352.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F2(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -364.8 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 376.8 R .028 -(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 -(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 388.8 R 1.073 +364.8 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 376.8 R .028 +(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028 +(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 388.8 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 400.8 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 400.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 412.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 424.8 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F2(dir)144 441.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 453.6 R F2(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F2(dir)144 441.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 +(If set,)184 453.6 R F2(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -465.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 477.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F2(dirspell)144 494.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -494.4 R F2(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 +465.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 +477.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F2(dirspell)144 494.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 +494.4 R F2(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 506.4 Q(xist.)-.15 E F2(dotglob)144 523.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 523.2 R F2(bash)2.665 E F0 @@ -9404,48 +9408,48 @@ E F2(dotglob)144 523.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 523.2 R F2(bash)2.665 E F0 .63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F2(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F2(execfail)144 552 Q F0 .516(If set, a non-interacti)184 -552 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516 -(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517 +(is set.)2.5 E F2(execfail)144 552 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)184 +552 R .817 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .516 (cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 564 Q F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 580.8 Q F0 .717 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 580.8 Q F0 .716 (If set, aliases are e)184 592.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F -1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716 +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .717 (This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 604.8 Q(ault for interacti) -.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(extdeb)144 621.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 633.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17 (cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.082 +.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081 (before the shell starts, identical to the)184 645.6 R F2 -3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.581(option. If)3.581 F 1.081(set after in)3.581 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 657.6 Q +3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 657.6 Q (vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F2(1.)184 -674.4 Q F0(The)220 674.4 Q F24.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F -F2(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +674.4 Q F0(The)220 674.4 Q F24.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 +F F2(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 686.4 Q(gument.)-.18 E F2(2.)184 703.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) 220 703.2 R F2(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) 4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E (command is skipped and not e)220 715.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(77)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(77)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(3.)184 84 Q F0 .84(If the command run by the)220 84 R F1(DEB)3.34 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841 +SF(3.)184 84 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 84 R F1(DEB)3.341 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84 (alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 96 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 (sour)220 108 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 124.8 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)220 -124.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 +124.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 153.6 Q F0 1.637(Function trac\ ing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 @@ -9465,67 +9469,67 @@ F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 240 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 252 R F1 (${)3.36 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86 (pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 264 Q (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 280.8 Q -F0 .243(If set, patterns which f)184 280.8 R .243 +F0 .242(If set, patterns which f)184 280.8 R .243 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 (xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 292.8 Q(.) -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 309.6 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 321.6 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +.937(If set, the suf)184 321.6 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 333.6 R +-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 333.6 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G -.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 345.6 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 +.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 +(pletions. See)184 345.6 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 357.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 374.4 Q -F0 2.519(If set, range e)184 386.4 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 398.4 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) --3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +F0 2.518(If set, range e)184 386.4 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 398.4 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) -3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 410.4 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F -F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 422.4 R F1 -(A)3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) --3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 422.4 R F1 +(A)3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) +-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 (-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 434.4 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globskipdots)144 451.2 Q F0 .285(If set, pathname e)184 463.2 R .285 +F1(globskipdots)144 451.2 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 463.2 R .284 (xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285 (atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.784 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.784(,e) -.63 G -.15(ve)-3.034 G 2.784(ni).15 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G .284(he pat-) --2.784 F(tern be)184 475.2 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55 +F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.785 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.785(,e) +.63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-) +-2.785 F(tern be)184 475.2 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55 (.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 -E F1(globstar)144 492 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 492 R F1(**) -3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F -.519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 +E F1(globstar)144 492 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 492 R F1(**) +3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F +.518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 (or more directories and subdirectories.)184 504 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 -2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 +2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 516 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 532.8 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are wri\ tten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 544.8 Q F1 (histappend)144 561.6 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -573.6 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G +573.6 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 585.6 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 602.4 Q(eedit) --.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 614.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E -F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 -G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 626.4 Q F1(histv)144 643.2 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 +-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 614.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E +F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 +G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 626.4 Q F1(histv)144 643.2 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 (If set, and)184 655.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 667.2 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 679.2 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 667.2 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 679.2 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 696 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -720 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(78) +(hostcomplete)144 696 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 +720 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E +F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(78) 199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -9537,9 +9541,9 @@ BP /Times-Bold@0 SF(huponexit)144 100.8 Q F0(If set,)184 112.8 Q F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 129.6 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 129.6 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 (If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 141.6 R .219 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 (option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 153.6 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) @@ -9548,72 +9552,72 @@ BP F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on) -.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 194.4 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F +E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F (enabled by def)184 206.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 223.2 Q F0 .066 (If set, and job control is not acti)184 223.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 (,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E (cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 235.2 Q(vironment.) --.4 E F1(lithist)144 252 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)184 252 R F1(cmdhist) -3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F +-.4 E F1(lithist)144 252 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 252 R F1(cmdhist) +3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F (with embedded ne)184 264 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 280.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 292.8 R +(localv)144 280.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 292.8 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -304.8 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 -(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174 -(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 316.8 Q -F1(localv)144 333.6 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 345.6 R -F1(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F -.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ +304.8 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 316.8 Q +F1(localv)144 333.6 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 345.6 R +F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F +.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ the beha)184 357.6 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 369.6 Q (ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 386.4 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -398.4 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 410.4 S(lue may not be changed.) -.25 E F1(mailwar)144 427.2 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that) -184 439.2 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +398.4 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 410.4 S(lue may not be changed.) +.25 E F1(mailwar)144 427.2 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that) +184 439.2 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F -.1(wa)184 451.2 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) -.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 468 -Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 480 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 -(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 480 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 +(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 492 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 508.8 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 520.8 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 -.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f) --.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 532.8 S +(nocaseglob)144 508.8 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 520.8 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 +.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f) +-.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 532.8 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 549.6 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -561.6 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H -1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 573.6 R +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 549.6 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +561.6 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194 +(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H +1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 573.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 -F -.1(wo)184 585.6 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ +F -.1(wo)184 585.6 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 -597.6 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 614.4 Q F0 1.117(If set,)184 626.4 R -F1(bash)3.617 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ +597.6 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 614.4 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 626.4 R +F1(bash)3.618 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 638.4 Q (If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1 -(nullglob)144 655.2 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 667.2 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0 -(allo)3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 --.1(Pa)3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.354(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 679.2 S +(nullglob)144 655.2 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 667.2 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0 +(allo)3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.1(Pa)3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.355(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 679.2 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1 -(patsub_r)144 696 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .105(If set,)184 708 R F1(bash) -2.605 E F0 -.15(ex)2.605 G .105(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)2.606 E -F0 .106(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F -.528(the te)184 720 R .528 -(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.027 G -.527(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.027 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.527(.T).15 G -(his)-5.527 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(79)199.835 E 0 +(patsub_r)144 696 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .106(If set,)184 708 R F1(bash) +2.606 E F0 -.15(ex)2.606 G .106(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)2.606 E +F0 .105(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F +.527(the te)184 720 R .527 +(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.028 G +.528(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.028 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.528(.T).15 G +(his)-5.528 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(79)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 80 80 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -9622,24 +9626,24 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E (option is enabled by def)184 84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr) -144 100.8 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f) -184 112.8 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +144 100.8 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f) +184 112.8 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E (are enabled.)184 124.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 141.6 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 (If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 153.6 R F1(bash) 4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 165.6 Q -3.288(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 -(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 +3.289(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.289 H(an)3.489 E 3.289(yc)-.15 G .789 +(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.289 F .788 (xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 177.6 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 189.6 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E -F1(pr)144 206.4 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 +F1(pr)144 206.4 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 (If set, prompt strings under)184 218.4 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 -230.4 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G +1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 +230.4 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G (.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 242.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18 (re)144 259.2 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) @@ -9648,66 +9652,68 @@ F1(pr)144 206.4 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G (-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 295.2 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 -E F1(shift_v)144 312 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 324 R F1 -(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +E F1(shift_v)144 312 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 324 R F1 +(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 336 Q F1(sour) -144 352.8 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 364.8 R F1(.)3.271 E -F0(\()3.271 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 376.8 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 393.6 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If \ -set, the shell automatically closes \214le descriptors assigned using t\ -he)184 405.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E -.424(rection syntax \(see)184 417.6 R F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo) -2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G .424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424 -(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F(mand completes.)184 429.6 Q F1 -(xpg_echo)144 446.4 Q F0(If set, the)184 458.4 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 -(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G -F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 499.2 R F12.523 E F0 .023 -(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 511.2 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E -F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 528 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 540 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 -G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 -540 R .878(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 552 S +144 352.8 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 364.8 R F1(.)3.27 E F0 +(\()3.27 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 +F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 376.8 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 393.6 S(rr).1 +E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If set, the shell automatically closes \214l\ +e descriptors assigned using the)184 405.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E .423(rection syntax \(see)184 417.6 R +F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo)2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G +.424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F +(mand completes.)184 429.6 Q F1(xpg_echo)144 446.4 Q F0(If set, the)184 +458.4 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) +108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A .91(Suspend the e)144 487.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .91(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)-.001 E F0 3.409(signal. A)3.159 F .909 +(login shell, or a shell)3.409 F .752 +(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 499.2 R F1 +3.252 E F0 .753(option can be used to o)3.253 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +.753(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 511.2 R .107(T\ +he return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell or job control \ +is not en-)5.107 F(abled and)144 523.2 Q F12.5 E F0 +(is not supplied.)2.5 E F1(test)108 540 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 552 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 552 R .878 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 564 S (pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.36 -(primaries described abo)144 564 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(primaries described abo)144 576 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 (CONDITION)3.86 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.361(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.861(yo)-.15 G(p-) --3.861 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 576 Q(gument of) +-3.861 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 588 Q(gument of) -.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 594 R .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 606 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 606 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(dence. The)144 618 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.712 -.65(w. 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