commit bash-20160909 snapshot

doc/bashref.info

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from
 bashref.texi.
 
 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 4.4, 26 August 2016).
+Bash shell (version 4.4, 7 September 2016).
 
-   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 26 August 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 7 September 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4.
 
    Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features
 *************
 
 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 4.4, 26 August 2016).  The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 4.4, 7 September 2016).  The Bash home page is
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
 
-   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 26 August 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.4, last updated 7 September 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4.
 
    Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -6420,158 +6420,165 @@ startup files.
   14. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during
      command lookup.
 
-  15. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of
+  15. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash
+     does not print the 'function' keyword.
+
+  16. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of
      the 'PATH' variable are not expanded as described above under *note
      Tilde Expansion::.
 
-  16. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command.  When
+  17. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command.  When
      used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and
      its completed children.  The 'TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the
      format of the timing information.
 
-  17. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within
+  18. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within
      double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be
      used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless
      the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal.
      In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs.
 
-  18. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the
+  19. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the
      next token begins with a '-'.
 
-  19. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a
+  20. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a
      double-quoted string, even if the 'histexpand' option is enabled.
 
-  20. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
+  21. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
      non-interactive shell exits.  The fatal errors are those listed in
      the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect
      options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for
      assignments preceding the command name, and so on.
 
-  21. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+  22. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
      assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
      statements.  A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when
      trying to assign a value to a readonly variable.
 
-  22. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+  23. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
      assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a
      special builtin, but not with any other simple command.
 
-  23. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the
+  24. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the
      iteration variable in a 'for' statement or the selection variable
      in a 'select' statement is a readonly variable.
 
-  24. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.'  FILENAME is not
+  25. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.'  FILENAME is not
      found.
 
-  25. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
+  26. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
      expansion results in an invalid expression.
 
-  26. Non-interactive shells exit on word expansion errors.
+  27. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs.
 
-  27. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script
+  28. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script
      read with the '.' or 'source' builtins, or in a string processed by
      the 'eval' builtin.
 
-  28. Process substitution is not available.
+  29. Process substitution is not available.
 
-  29. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to
+  30. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to
      the '#' and '?' special parameters.
 
-  30. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
+  31. When expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context
+     where the expansion is double-quoted does not treat the '$*' as if
+     it were double-quoted.
+
+  32. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
      the shell environment after the builtin completes.
 
-  31. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in
+  33. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in
      the shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX
      special builtin command had been executed.
 
-  32. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take
+  34. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take
      assignment statements as arguments from expanding them as
      assignment statements; when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins
      lose their assignment statement expansion properties when preceded
      by 'command'.
 
-  33. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job
+  35. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job
      placed in the background, which does not include an indication of
      whether the job is the current or previous job.
 
-  34. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single
+  36. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single
      line, separated by spaces, without the 'SIG' prefix.
 
-  35. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG'
+  37. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG'
      prefix.
 
-  36. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output
+  38. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output
      in the format required by POSIX.
 
-  37. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading
+  39. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading
      'SIG'.
 
-  38. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+  40. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
      signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
      disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
      digits and is a valid signal number.  If users want to reset the
      handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should
      use '-' as the first argument.
 
-  39. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory
+  41. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory
      for the filename argument if it is not found by searching 'PATH'.
 
-  40. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the
+  42. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the
      'inherit_errexit' option, so subshells spawned to execute command
      substitutions inherit the value of the '-e' option from the parent
      shell.  When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash
      clears the '-e' option in such subshells.
 
-  41. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+  43. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
      display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is
      supplied.
 
-  42. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+  44. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
      display shell function names and definitions.
 
-  43. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+  45. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
      variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
      metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
 
-  44. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
+  46. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
      constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an
      argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail
      instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode.
 
-  45. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+  47. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
      the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
      system with the '-P' option.
 
-  46. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an
+  48. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an
      indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
 
-  47. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'.
+  49. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'.
 
-  48. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable
+  50. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable
      file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute
      such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'.
 
-  49. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when
+  51. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when
      the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and
      '$EDITOR'.
 
-  50. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
+  52. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
      interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options.  Each argument is
      displayed, after escape characters are converted.
 
-  51. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c'
+  53. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c'
      and '-f' options.
 
-  52. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not
+  54. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not
      interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately.
      The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
 
-  53. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
+  55. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
      has been set.  If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing
      'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status
      greater than 128.
 
-  54. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
+  56. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
      of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it.
 
    There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
@@ -11344,134 +11351,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index
 
 
 Tag Table:
-Node: Top893
-Node: Introduction2809
-Node: What is Bash?3025
-Node: What is a shell?4139
-Node: Definitions6677
-Node: Basic Shell Features9628
-Node: Shell Syntax10847
-Node: Shell Operation11873
-Node: Quoting13166
-Node: Escape Character14466
-Node: Single Quotes14951
-Node: Double Quotes15299
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting16577
-Node: Locale Translation17830
-Node: Comments18726
-Node: Shell Commands19344
-Node: Simple Commands20216
-Node: Pipelines20847
-Node: Lists23590
-Node: Compound Commands25319
-Node: Looping Constructs26322
-Node: Conditional Constructs28785
-Node: Command Grouping39707
-Node: Coprocesses41186
-Node: GNU Parallel43018
-Node: Shell Functions46991
-Node: Shell Parameters52197
-Node: Positional Parameters56610
-Node: Special Parameters57510
-Node: Shell Expansions60847
-Node: Brace Expansion62941
-Node: Tilde Expansion65722
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion68070
-Node: Command Substitution82202
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion83557
-Node: Process Substitution84489
-Node: Word Splitting85609
-Node: Filename Expansion87553
-Node: Pattern Matching89837
-Node: Quote Removal93535
-Node: Redirections93830
-Node: Executing Commands103250
-Node: Simple Command Expansion103920
-Node: Command Search and Execution105850
-Node: Command Execution Environment108186
-Node: Environment111170
-Node: Exit Status112829
-Node: Signals114499
-Node: Shell Scripts116466
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands118981
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins121015
-Node: Bash Builtins141615
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170260
-Node: The Set Builtin170605
-Node: The Shopt Builtin181018
-Node: Special Builtins196817
-Node: Shell Variables197796
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables198233
-Node: Bash Variables200264
-Node: Bash Features228644
-Node: Invoking Bash229543
-Node: Bash Startup Files235492
-Node: Interactive Shells240595
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?241005
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241654
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242469
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245844
-Node: Shell Arithmetic250084
-Node: Aliases252901
-Node: Arrays255449
-Node: The Directory Stack260533
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins261317
-Node: Controlling the Prompt264285
-Node: The Restricted Shell267031
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode268856
-Node: Job Control278909
-Node: Job Control Basics279369
-Node: Job Control Builtins284088
-Node: Job Control Variables288618
-Node: Command Line Editing289774
-Node: Introduction and Notation291445
-Node: Readline Interaction293068
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials294259
-Node: Readline Movement Commands296042
-Node: Readline Killing Commands297002
-Node: Readline Arguments298920
-Node: Searching299964
-Node: Readline Init File302150
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax303297
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs323484
-Node: Sample Init File326009
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands329126
-Node: Commands For Moving330330
-Node: Commands For History331473
-Node: Commands For Text335762
-Node: Commands For Killing339151
-Node: Numeric Arguments341632
-Node: Commands For Completion342771
-Node: Keyboard Macros346962
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands347649
-Node: Readline vi Mode353453
-Node: Programmable Completion354360
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins361821
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example371707
-Node: Using History Interactively376959
-Node: Bash History Facilities377643
-Node: Bash History Builtins380644
-Node: History Interaction384641
-Node: Event Designators387605
-Node: Word Designators388824
-Node: Modifiers390461
-Node: Installing Bash391863
-Node: Basic Installation393000
-Node: Compilers and Options395691
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures396432
-Node: Installation Names398095
-Node: Specifying the System Type398913
-Node: Sharing Defaults399629
-Node: Operation Controls400302
-Node: Optional Features401260
-Node: Reporting Bugs411517
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell412711
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License429563
-Node: Indexes454740
-Node: Builtin Index455194
-Node: Reserved Word Index462021
-Node: Variable Index464469
-Node: Function Index479928
-Node: Concept Index493085
+Node: Top897
+Node: Introduction2817
+Node: What is Bash?3033
+Node: What is a shell?4147
+Node: Definitions6685
+Node: Basic Shell Features9636
+Node: Shell Syntax10855
+Node: Shell Operation11881
+Node: Quoting13174
+Node: Escape Character14474
+Node: Single Quotes14959
+Node: Double Quotes15307
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting16585
+Node: Locale Translation17838
+Node: Comments18734
+Node: Shell Commands19352
+Node: Simple Commands20224
+Node: Pipelines20855
+Node: Lists23598
+Node: Compound Commands25327
+Node: Looping Constructs26330
+Node: Conditional Constructs28793
+Node: Command Grouping39715
+Node: Coprocesses41194
+Node: GNU Parallel43026
+Node: Shell Functions46999
+Node: Shell Parameters52205
+Node: Positional Parameters56618
+Node: Special Parameters57518
+Node: Shell Expansions60855
+Node: Brace Expansion62949
+Node: Tilde Expansion65730
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion68078
+Node: Command Substitution82210
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion83565
+Node: Process Substitution84497
+Node: Word Splitting85617
+Node: Filename Expansion87561
+Node: Pattern Matching89845
+Node: Quote Removal93543
+Node: Redirections93838
+Node: Executing Commands103258
+Node: Simple Command Expansion103928
+Node: Command Search and Execution105858
+Node: Command Execution Environment108194
+Node: Environment111178
+Node: Exit Status112837
+Node: Signals114507
+Node: Shell Scripts116474
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands118989
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins121023
+Node: Bash Builtins141623
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170268
+Node: The Set Builtin170613
+Node: The Shopt Builtin181026
+Node: Special Builtins196825
+Node: Shell Variables197804
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables198241
+Node: Bash Variables200272
+Node: Bash Features228652
+Node: Invoking Bash229551
+Node: Bash Startup Files235500
+Node: Interactive Shells240603
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?241013
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241662
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242477
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245852
+Node: Shell Arithmetic250092
+Node: Aliases252909
+Node: Arrays255457
+Node: The Directory Stack260541
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins261325
+Node: Controlling the Prompt264293
+Node: The Restricted Shell267039
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode268864
+Node: Job Control279215
+Node: Job Control Basics279675
+Node: Job Control Builtins284394
+Node: Job Control Variables288924
+Node: Command Line Editing290080
+Node: Introduction and Notation291751
+Node: Readline Interaction293374
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials294565
+Node: Readline Movement Commands296348
+Node: Readline Killing Commands297308
+Node: Readline Arguments299226
+Node: Searching300270
+Node: Readline Init File302456
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax303603
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs323790
+Node: Sample Init File326315
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands329432
+Node: Commands For Moving330636
+Node: Commands For History331779
+Node: Commands For Text336068
+Node: Commands For Killing339457
+Node: Numeric Arguments341938
+Node: Commands For Completion343077
+Node: Keyboard Macros347268
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands347955
+Node: Readline vi Mode353759
+Node: Programmable Completion354666
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins362127
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example372013
+Node: Using History Interactively377265
+Node: Bash History Facilities377949
+Node: Bash History Builtins380950
+Node: History Interaction384947
+Node: Event Designators387911
+Node: Word Designators389130
+Node: Modifiers390767
+Node: Installing Bash392169
+Node: Basic Installation393306
+Node: Compilers and Options395997
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures396738
+Node: Installation Names398401
+Node: Specifying the System Type399219
+Node: Sharing Defaults399935
+Node: Operation Controls400608
+Node: Optional Features401566
+Node: Reporting Bugs411823
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell413017
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License429869
+Node: Indexes455046
+Node: Builtin Index455500
+Node: Reserved Word Index462327
+Node: Variable Index464775
+Node: Function Index480234
+Node: Concept Index493391
 
 End Tag Table